July 30, 2020 Report Open Access

Karamanidou, Lena; Kasparek, Bernd

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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3967784</identifier>
  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName>Karamanidou, Lena</creatorName>
      <givenName>Lena</givenName>
      <familyName>Karamanidou</familyName>
      <affiliation>Glasgow Caledonian University</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName>Kasparek, Bernd</creatorName>
      <givenName>Bernd</givenName>
      <familyName>Kasparek</familyName>
      <affiliation>Göttingen University</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title>Fundamental Rights, Accountability and Transparency in European Governance of Migration: The Case of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex</title>
  </titles>
  <publisher>Zenodo</publisher>
  <publicationYear>2020</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject>Frontex, Border management, migration control, smart borders, border operations, European integration, EU agencies</subject>
  </subjects>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Issued">2020-07-30</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Report"/>
  <alternateIdentifiers>
    <alternateIdentifier alternateIdentifierType="url">https://zenodo.org/record/3967784</alternateIdentifier>
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  <relatedIdentifiers>
    <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="IsVersionOf">10.5281/zenodo.3967783</relatedIdentifier>
    <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="IsPartOf">https://zenodo.org/communities/respond</relatedIdentifier>
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  <version>v.1</version>
  <rightsList>
    <rights rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights>
    <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights>
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  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">&lt;p&gt;This report analyses and interrogates&amp;nbsp;the accountability and transparency regime of the European Union&amp;rsquo;s border agency Frontex.&amp;nbsp;Frontex was established as a European Union agency in the field of border, migration and&amp;nbsp;asylum policies in 2004 and began operating in 2005. Over the last 15 years, the mandate of&amp;nbsp;the agency, originally tasked with coordinating the operational management of the European&amp;nbsp;Union&amp;rsquo;s external border through support to the EU&amp;rsquo;s member states, has expanded&amp;nbsp;significantly. Through a series of reforms, most notably in 2007, and 2016 and 2019, the&amp;nbsp;agency has become a pivotal actor in what is referred to as &amp;lsquo;European Integrated Border&amp;nbsp;Management&amp;rsquo;. &amp;nbsp;Since the creation of the agency and its first operations, there has been significant concern,&amp;nbsp;both from the European Parliament as well as NGOs and other civil society organisations that&amp;nbsp;the executive mandate of the agency has not been&amp;nbsp;counterbalanced by effective mechanisms&amp;nbsp;for accountability, particularly with respect to fundamental rights.&amp;nbsp;To an extent, the Frontex monitoring and accountability regime has improved since 2011&amp;nbsp;through legislative change, thus strengthening the above mechanisms. The findings of the&amp;nbsp;report however show that despite the continued expansion and strengthening of monitoring&amp;nbsp;and accountability mechanisms since 2016, these efforts have again not resulted in an&amp;nbsp;effective system for monitoring, investigating, addressing, and preventing fundamental rights&amp;nbsp;violations at Europe&amp;rsquo;s external borders.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
  </descriptions>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>European Commission</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">10.13039/100010661</funderIdentifier>
      <awardNumber awardURI="info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/770564/">770564</awardNumber>
      <awardTitle>RESPOND: Multilevel Governance of Mass Migration in Europe and Beyond</awardTitle>
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