Isolated renal hydatid cyst in the primary generation of the larval cyst

Background: In the Republic of Moldova echinococcosis has a uniform geographical distribution, with an incidence of 10/100000 inhabitants.  Renal hydatidosis occupies an important place in surgical pathology. Today's modern diagnostics and treatments of renal hydatidosis include, in addition to surgery, the drug therapy as well: Helmex, Albendazole, Mebandazole, etc. The surgical techniques in renal hydatidosis are adapted according to the clinical polymorphism of hydatidosis, the cyst topography, the multitude of hydatid vesicles, the volume of the cyst, as well as its complications.

Material and methods: The study materials included the anamnestic data, the preoperative diagnostic imaging methods, such as ultrasound, computed tomography and laboratory data, the surgical resolution, followed by the morphopathological assessment of the postoperative renal hydatid cyst specimen.

Results: Clinical and paraclinical assessment, characterized by a predominantly pain-related morbidity status, included the diagnostic imaging findings, which revealed a parapelvic cyst with no infiltrative or obstructive processes present. The histopathological examination of the cyst specimen showed the presence of proligerous membrane and daughter vesicles, which confirmed the diagnosis of a renal hydatid cyst.

Conclusions: Currently, the hydatid diseases, including the renal one, remain a major health problem, requiring specific surgical approaches and techniques. The surgical treatment of hydatid cysts is an individualized approach depending on their size and location, which might range from cystectomy or cyst enucleation to a complete removal of the impaired kidney.