A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) among Mothers of Under Five Children in Pediatric Ward at Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, U. P

Background: Respiratory tract infection is one of the problematic respiratory disease in India. Children below 5 years are more vulnerable to this disease. Mothers are primary care providers and they should have knowledge to manage respiratory tract infection. This study intended to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection in under five children with implementation of structured teaching program. Objective: The study was conducted with the objectives to assess the pre and post interventional level of knowledge, to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program and to determine the association between the levels of knowledge with selected demographic variables. Methods: The researcher used a pre experimental research design. The research approach was quantitative research approach. The study was conducted in pediatric ward at Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow.60 sample were selected by using Non probability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule before and after implementation of structured teaching program. Results: The finding of this study shows that there was a significant improvement of knowledge among mothers of under five children after implementation of structured teaching program. The overall knowledge level of mothers regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection, in pretest there were 40 number (66.67%) of mothers with inadequate knowledge, 19 number (31.66%) of mothers with moderate level of knowledge, 1 number (1.67%) of mother with adequate knowledge where as in post test 22 number (36.67%) of mothers had moderate knowledge, 38 numbers (63.33%) had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection. The post test knowledge mean percentage was found higher (knowledge mean percentage was 78.93% with SD of 2.92 when compared with pre test mean percentage knowledge mean percentage which was 50.77% with SD of 3.14). Knowledge mean percentage enhancement was 28.17% with SD of 2.66. The statistical paired ‘t’ test implies that the difference in the pre test and post test value was found statistically significant at 5% level (p<0.05) with a paired ‘t’test value of 24.625. Conclusion: The overall findings of the study showed that the structured teaching program was significantly effective in improving the knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection.


Introduction
Each year more than 10 million children die before they reach their fifth birthday. Seven in ten of these deaths are due to five preventable and treatable conditions: pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition, and often a combination of these each year more than 10 million children die. The estimated proportion of deaths in which under nutrition is an underlying cause are roughly similar for diarrhea 61%, malaria 57%, pneumonia 52%, and measles 45%. This problem causes a higher under five mortality rate (UMR) especially in South -East Asia.3 Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is considered as one of the major public health problems and it is recognized as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in many developing countries. The greatest problem for developing countries is the mortality from ARI in children less than five year of age.4

Research Statement
A study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on knowledge regarding Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) among mothers of under five children in pediatric ward at Era's Lucknow Medical college & Hospital, Lucknow, U. P.

Material and Method
A study was conducted by using quantitative research approach at Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, U. P. A pre -experimental, one group pre -test and post -test research design was adopted to conduct the study. Scoring of the items There were 30 items. Each item has four options with one accurate answer. The score for correct response to each item was one and incorrect response was zero, thus for 30 items maximum obtainable score was 30 and minimum was zero. Percentage = Obtained Score × 100 Total Score Nominal data were described and expressed in frequency and percentage. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze data. Inferential Statistics 't' test, was used to find relationship of knowledge level with selected demographic variable. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution and percentage, mean and SD) was used to analyze the socio -demographic data.

Strength and Limitations
The specified population assessed in this research study and standardized tools used were the strength of the study. Study is limited to the mothers of under five children of 1 to 5 years age group who were admitted in paediatric medicine ward or attended the paediatric OPD at Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow

Description of subjects
During the study period, 60 mothers were selected in the study based on inclusion criteria.  According to Educational Status, majority 16 mothers (26.67%) of under five children were educated at degree level, followed by 13 mothers (21.67%) were illiterate, 12 mothers (20%) were educated at senior secondary level, 9 mothers (15%) were educated at primary level, 6 mothers (10%) were educated at higher primary and 4 mothers (6.67%) were educated at higher secondary level.
According to their place of residence, majority 37 mothers (61.67%) were living in rural area, followed by 23 mothers (38.33%) were in urban area.
According to the type of family, majority 36 mothers (60%) were living in nuclear family, followed by 24 mothers (40%) were living in joint family. According to their number of living children, majority 26 mothers (43.33%) were having one child, 17 mothers (28.33%) were having two children and then 17 mothers (28.33%) having more than two children.
According to the immunization status, majority 48 mothers (80%) were given vaccines completely to their child, 11 mothers (18.33%) were given vaccines partially to their child and 1 mother (1.67%) was not given vaccination to her child.
According to the family history of allergic respiratory disease, majority 48 mothers (80%) have no family history of any respiratory disease in their family, followed by 12 mothers (20%) have family history of respiratory disease in their family.    The data presented in the table shows that there was significant and non -significant statistical association between the levels of pre -test knowledge score with their selected socio -demographic variables among mothers of under five children at 0.05 level of significance.
The data presented in the table shows that there was no significant statistical association between the levels of pretest knowledge score with their selected socio -demographic variables such as age, place of resident, family income, type of family, No. of living children, immunization status, family history of allergic respiratory disease among mothers of under five children at 0.05 level of significance.
The data presented in the table shows that there was significant statistical association found between the levels of pre -test knowledge score with their selected sociodemographic variables such as educational status and occupational status among mothers of under five children at 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion
The conclusion drawn on the basis of the findings of the study includes -1) Overall pre -test mean score on knowledge regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children was 50.77% shows inadequate knowledge, which suggested the need for teaching program for mothers of under five children regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection. 2) Overall post -test mean score on knowledge regarding prevention of upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children was 78.93% shows adequate knowledge. 3) The calculated paired't' values for knowledge scores were statistically highly significant at 0.05 level of significant. 4) There was no significant statistical association between the levels of pre -test knowledge score among mothers of under five children and their selected sociodemographic variables such as age, place of resident, family income, type of family, No. of living children, immunization status, family history of allergic respiratory disease at 0.05 level of significance. 5) There was significant statistical association found between the levels of pre -test knowledge score and their selected socio -demographic variables such as educational status and occupational status among mothers of under five children at 0.05 level of significance.

Implications
The Nursing personnel should be encouraged to participate in awareness programs regarding prevention of respiratory tract infection. They can organize continuing education programmes on the prevention of respiratory tract infection for nursing personnel and motivate them to educate the common mothers. Nurses should conduct health campaigns and should use different strategies to educate the mothers from preventing respiratory tract infection.

Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.