README -- Describes the CEDS_GBD-MAPS emission inventory (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3754964) 25 April 2020 Erin McDuffie erin.mcduffie@dal.ca ABOUT CEDS_GBD-MAPS: Global Anthropogenic Emission Inventory of NOx, SO2, CO, NH3, NMVOCs, BC, and OC from 1970-2017 version tag: 2020_v1.0 (April 2020) Annual anthropogenic emissions of 7 key atmospheric pollutants from 1970 - 2017, produced using the Community Emissions Data System, updated for the Global Burden of Disease Major Air Pollution Sources project (CEDS_GBD-MAPS). ************************************************************************************ SUMMARY Emissions are provided for NOx, SO2, CO, NH3, NMVOCs, Black Carbon (BC), and Organic Carbon (OC) from 11 anthropogenic sectors and four fuel categories as both annual country totals and global gridded emission fluxes (0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution). Note: The CEDS_GBD-MAPS inventory does not include emissions from open fires or aircraft. Sectors:  1. Agriculture (non-combustion sources only, excludes open fires) 2. Energy (transformation and extraction) 3. Industry (combustion and non-combustion processes) 4. On-Road Transportation 5. Non-Road/Off-Road Transportation (rail, domestic navigation, other) 6. Residential Combustion 7. Commercial Combustion 8. Other Combustion 9. Solvent production and application 10. Waste (disposal and handling) 11. International Shipping (including VOCs from oil tanker loading/leakage) Fuel Categories: 1. Total Coal Combustion (hard coal + brown coal + coal coke) 2. Solid Biofuel Combustion 3. Liquid Fuel (light oil + heavy oil + diesel oil) plus Natural Gas Combustion 4. CEDS Process Source Categories (see McDuffie, et al., (ESSD) 2020) for further details. Note: Total anthropogenic emissions = the sum of fuel categories 1-4 ************************************************************************************ GRIDDED DATA (CMIP Format) The emissions from 1970 - 2017 are provided at monthly resolution, on a 0.5 degrees global grid with no more than 50-years per data file as per ESFG formatting conventions. The files are in netCDF4 (HDFv5) format with CF-compliant metadata. Data are in one variable, with sectors included as a dimension. Data are compliant with the CMIP6 file format, following the CEDSv2019-12-23 system Note: These data include total anthropogenic emissions only and do not distinguish emissions from different fuel categories. The sectors in the netCDF files are: Dimension Sector Description 0: AGR Non-combustion agricultural sector 1: ENE Energy transformation and extraction 2: IND Industrial combustion and processes 3: NRTR Non-Road/Off-Road transportation (rail, domestic navigation, other) 4: ROAD On-Road transportation 5: RCOR Residential combustion 6: RCOC Commercial combustion 7: RCOO Other combustion 8: SLV Solvent production and application 9: WST Waste disposal and handling 10: SHP International shipping (including VOCs from oil tanker loading/leakage) Within the netCDF files the sector ids are: sector:ids = '0: Agriculture; 1: Energy; 2: Industrial; 3a: Non-Road/Other Transportation; 3b: Road Transportation; 4a: Residential; 4b: Commercial; 4c: Other; 5: Solvents production and application; 6: Waste; 7: International Shipping' Note: The id numbers here do not correspond to the dimension number and are a legacy of the disaggregation here of the original CEDSv2019-12-23 aggregate sectors. The variable names in the netCDF files are: Name Size Dimensions/Description lon 720x1 0.5 degree longitude lat 360x1 0.5 degree latitude sector 11x1 11 sectors time 576x1 days since 1750-01-01 0:0:0 (12 months x 48 years) [compound]_em_anthro 720x360x11x576 gridded emission fluxes by sector and month The gridded emissions incorporate a monthly seasonal cycle by sector, largely from the ECLIPSE project. VOC speciation is provided at the 23 species resolution used in HTAP and RETRO (details below) Filenames are in the following format: [compound]-em-total-anthro_input4CMIP_emissions_CEDS-2020-v1_gn_197001-201712.nc [compound] names are as follows: BC OC NOx CO SO2 NH3 for NMVOCs, filenames are in the following format: [voc-name]-em-speciated-VOC-total-anthro_input4CMIP_emissions_CEDS-2020v1-supplemental-data_gn_197001-201712.nc [voc-names] are as follows: VOC01-alcohols VOC02-ethane VOC03-propane VOC04-butanes VOC05-pentanes VOC06-hexanes-pl VOC07-ethene VOC08-propene VOC09-ethyne VOC12-other-alke VOC13-benzene VOC14-toluene VOC15-xylene VOC16-trimethylb VOC17-other-arom VOC18-esters VOC19-ethers VOC20-chlorinate VOC21-methanal VOC22-other-alka VOC23-ketones VOC24-acids VOC25-other-voc Total Number of Files : 29 (1 per compound) Emissions are provided in units of mass flux (kg m-2 s-1), as a monthly average flux, as noted in the netCDF files. Units are total mass of the indicated species as follows: SO2: Mass flux of SOx, reported as SO2 NOx: Mass flux of NOx, reported as NO2 CO: Mass flux of CO NH3 : Mass flux of NH3 BC : Mass flux of BC, reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) OC: Mass flux of OC, reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) VOC01-VOC25 : Mass flux of subVOC group (molecular weights in speciated VOC section below) Note that total monthly emissions were converted to fluxes using a 365 day calendar. If your model uses a different calendar, you should ideally adjust fluxes such that the integrated annual fluxes are maintained. ************************************************************************************ GRIDDED DATA (annual file format) The emissions from 1970 - 2017 are provided at monthly resolution, on a 0.5 degree global grid, split into annual contributions. The files are in netCDF4 (HDFv5) format with CF-compliant metadata. Data are split into sector contributions, with each sector as a variable. Data are formatted for input into the HEMCO emissions module for use in the GEOS-Chem 3D chemical transport model (http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/) Note: These data include total anthropogenic emissions, split into contributions from different sectors and fuel categories. Emissions from each fuel are reported in separate files, while the sector contributions from these fuel types are provided as variables in each netCDF. The fuel categories in the netCDF files are: Fuel Description liquid-fuel-plus-natural-gas Emissions from the combustion of liquid fuel (heavy oil + diesel oil + light oil) and natural gas solid-biofuel Emissions from the combustion of solid biofuel total-coal Emissions from the combustion of total coal (hard coal + brown coal + coal coke) process Emissions from all remaining CEDS 'process-level' sources (includes all non-combustion emissions) **total-anthro Total anthropogenic emissions (liquid-fuel-plus-natural-gas + solid-biofuel + total-coal + process) ** IMPORTANT NOTE: Use either the fuel-specific emission files OR the total-anthro emission files. DO NOT use emissions from the total-anthro files in combination with with 4 fuel-specific gridded files. The sectors in the netCDF files are: Sector Description AGR Non-combustion agricultural sector ENE Energy transformation and extraction IND Industrial combustion and processes NRTR Non-Road/Off-Road transportation (rail, domestic navigation, other) ROAD On-Road transportation RCOR Residential combustion RCOC Commercial combustion RCOO Other combustion SLV Solvent production and application WST Waste disposal and handling SHP International shipping (including VOCs from oil tanker loading/leakage) The variable names in the netCDF files are: Name Size Dimensions/Description lon 720x1 0.5 degree longitude lat 360x1 0.5 degree latitude time 12x1 days since 1950-01-01 0:0:0 (12 months x 1 year) [compound]_agr 720x360x12 gridded agr sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_ene 720x360x12 gridded ene sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_ind 720x360x12 gridded ind sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_road 720x360x12 gridded road sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_nrtr 720x360x12 gridded nrtr sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_rcor 720x360x12 gridded rcor sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_rcoc 720x360x12 gridded rcoc sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_rcoo 720x360x12 gridded rcoo sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_wst 720x360x12 gridded wst sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_slv 720x360x12 gridded slv sectoral emission fluxes by month [compound]_shp 720x360x12 gridded shp sectoral emission fluxes by month The gridded emissions incorporate a monthly seasonal cycle by sector, largely from the ECLIPSE project. VOC speciation is provided at the 23 species resolution used in HTAP and RETRO (details below) File names are in the following format: [compound]-em-[fuel]_CEDS_YYYY.nc [compound] names are as follows: ALD2 ALK4_butanes ALK4_hexanes ALK4_pentanes BC BENZ BUTENE C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C3H8 CH2O CHC CO EOH ESTERS ETHERS HCOOH MEK NH3 NO OC OTHER_AROM OTHER_VOC PRPE SO2 TBM TOLU XYLE [fuel] names are listed above Total Number of Files : 145 per year x 48 years Emissions are provided in units of mass flux (kg m-2 s-1), as a monthly average flux, as noted in the netCDF files. Units are total mass of the indicated species as follows: SO2: Mass flux of SOx, reported as SO2 NOx: Mass flux of NOx, reported as NO CO: Mass flux of CO NH3 : Mass flux of NH3 BC : Mass flux of BC, reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) OC: Mass flux of OC, reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) subVOCs : Mass flux of subVOC group (molecular weights in speciated VOC section below) Note that total monthly emissions were converted to fluxes using a 365 day calendar. If your model uses a different calendar, you should ideally adjust fluxes such that the integrated annual fluxes are maintained. ************************************************************************************ GRIDDING METHODOLOGY Emissions were first estimated at the level of country, sector, and fuel. Emissions by sector and fuel were then mapped to spatial grids by country and sector (i.e., the same spatial sectoral mapping is applied to each fuel category). Grid cells that contain more than one country have portions of emissions from each country. Emissions were mapped to the grid level largely using the distribution of emissions from EDGAR v4.3.2 (usually using year-specific EDGAR grids from 1970 - 2012). For additional details see the McDuffie et al., ESSD 2020 manuscript. ************************************************************************************ SPECIATED VOC INFORMATION CEDS_GBD-MAPS NMVOC emissions are split into 23 species groups using the splits developed by TNO as used in the RETRO project (and also HTAPv2) NMVOC emissions are split into the following 23 groups: VOC_id (CMIP data) VOC_name (annual data) VOC_long_name molecular_weight (g/mol) VOC01 EOH alcohols 46.2 VOC02 C2H6 ethane 30 VOC03 C3H8 propane 44 VOC04 ALK4_butanes butanes 57.8 VOC05 ALK4_pentanes pentanes 72 VOC06 ALK4_hexanes_pl hexanes_plus_higher_alkanes 106.8 VOC07 C2H4 ethene 28 VOC08 PRPRE propene 42 VOC09 C2H2 ethyne 26 VOC10 - isoprene - not included VOC11 - terpenes - not included VOC12 BUTENE other_alkenes_and alkynes 67 VOC13 BENZ benzene 78 VOC14 TOLU toluene 92 VOC15 XYLE xylene 106 VOC16 TMB trimethylbenzenes 120 VOC17 OTHER_AROM other_aromatics 126.8 VOC18 ESTERS esters 104.7 VOC19 ETHERS ethers 81.5 VOC20 CHC chlorinated_hydrocarbons 138.8 VOC21 CH2O methanal 30 VOC22 ALD2 other_alkanals 68.8 VOC23 MEK ketones 75.3 VOC24 HCOOH acids 59.1 VOC25 OTHER_VOC other_voc 68.9 It is assumed that isoprene (VOC10) and terpenes (VOC11) are not emitted in significant quantities by anthropogenic sources, and are not included in the anthropogenic split The split between these 23 categories was done by extracting from the 0.5 degree gridded RETRO speciation files (retro_nmvoc_ratio.zip) downloaded from the HTAPv2 wiki website. Sector-specific speciation profiles were extracted for each country and, where necessary, noramlized to sum to 1. These profiles were applied to each country and sector and fuel category int eh CEDS_GBD-MAPS emissions data. The profiles are held constant over time. Note that these are the same species groups that were used in the CMIP6 emissions dataset (Hoesly et al., 2018). ************************************************************************************ ANNUAL AGGREGATE COUNTRY DATA In addition to the gridded data, aggregate data by country, sector, and fuel category are also available in units of kilo-tonne (kt) per year. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3754964 File names are as follows: CEDS_GBD-MAPS_[compound]_global_emissions_by_country_sector_fuel_2020_v1.csv [compound] names are as follows: BC CO NH3 NMVOC NOx OC SO2 Total Number of files : 7 (1 per compound) Each file contains a time series of annual emission totals for each country from 1970 - 2017. Countries are listed by their International Organization of Standards (ISO) 3-letter country codes This dataset also include the 'global' region for international shipping emissions The sectors in the .csv files are: Sector Description AGR Non-combustion agricultural sector ENE Energy transformation and extraction IND Industrial combustion and processes NRTR Non-Road/Off-Road transportation (rail, domestic navigation, other) ROAD On-Road transportation RCOR Residential combustion RCOC Commercial combustion RCOO Other combustion SLV Solvent production and application WST Waste disposal and handling SHP International shipping (including VOCs from oil tanker loading/leakage) The fuel categories in the .csv files are: Fuel Description LIQUID_FUEL_PLUS_NATURAL_GAS Emissions from the combustion of liquid fuel (heavy oil + diesel oil + light oil) and natural gas SOLID_BIOFUEL Emissions from the combustion of solid biofuel TOTAL_COAL Emissions from the combustion of total coal (hard coal + brown coal + coal coke) PROCESS Emissions from all remaining CEDS 'process-level' sources (includes all non-combustion emissions) Note : total anthropogenic emissions for each country are calculated as the sum of emissions from each of the 4 fuel categories and 11 sectors. International shipping emissions are provided for the 'global' region only. Domestic shipping emissions are included in the NRTR sector. Emissions are provided in units of of mass (kilo-tonne (kt)) per year. Units are total mass of the indicated species are as follows: SO2: Mass flux of SOx, reported as SO2 NOx: Mass flux of NOx, reported as NO2 CO: Mass flux of CO NH3 : Mass flux of NH3 BC : Mass flux of BC, reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) OC: Mass flux of OC, reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) Total NMVOCs : reported as carbon mass (e.g., molecular weight 12) ************************************************************************************ GENERAL PROJECT AND DATA INFORMATION An overview of the CEDS project is available from the project website (http://www.globalchange.umd.edu/ceds/) and Hoesly et al., (GMD) 2018. An overview of the CEDS data produced for the GBD-MAPS project are described on the project website (https://sites.wustl.edu/acag/datasets/gbd-maps/) and in the following manuscript: McDuffie, E. E., S. J. Smith, P. O'Rourke, K. Tibrewal, C. Venkataraman, E. A. Marais, B. Zheng, M. Crippa, M. Brauer, R. V. Martin, A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel- specific sources (1970- 2017): An application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Earth System Science Data, Submitted KNOWN ISSUES Known issues are documented in the Supplemental Section S4 in McDuffie et al., ESSD - Submitted Please contact: erin.mcduffie@dal.ca for further details or questions about this dataset ************************************************************************************ DOCUMENT VERSION 25 April 2020 - Initial Version