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The coming enterprises of space exploration by humans, e.g. the future colonization of
\n\nthe Moon and Mars, will require the utilization of plants as key components of
\n\nBioregenerative Life Support Systems. The space environment is very different from the
\n\nEarth environment in many factors. Many of these adverse factors can be counteracted
\n\nin spaceships, or in Martian or Lunar settlements, but the living beings must adapt to
\n\ngrow and survive in microgravity. The Earth gravity has
\n\nremained constant in magnitude and direction throughout the entire history of our
\n\nplanet, including biological evolution. Gravity establishes the direction of plant growth
\n\nthrough the process called gravitropism and this orientation is essential for the normal
\n\nfunction of roots, stems and leaves, assuring the adequate nutrition of the plant.
\n\nThe phytohormone auxin is known to play a main role in gravitropism. Auxin is also a major
\n\nregulator of plant development, since this hormone is ultimately responsible of the
\n\nmaintenance of meristematic cells, which are totipotent cells, continuously engaged in
\n\nthe cell cycle, and are the suppliers of differentiated cells for plant development.
\n\nMeristematic competence is the balance between cell growth and cell proliferation
\n\noccurring in meristematic cells. A major effect of the microgravity environment is the
\n\ndisruption of meristematic competence, comprising the increase of the proliferation rate
\n\nand the decrease of the growth rate, estimated through the rate of production of
\n\nribosomes, the cellular factories of proteins. Microgravity also induces a noticeable
\n\nreprogramming of gene expression. In meristematic cells, genes driving the cell cycle
\n\nregulation are affected. In general, the systems responsible of the plant defense against
\n\nabiotic stresses and the energy/redox systems are major targets of the gene
\n\nreprogramming. Noticeably, no specific genes related to gravity alteration have been
\n\nidentified, although a significant proportion of altered genes encode unknown functions.
\n\nDespite these cellular and molecular alterations, plants are capable of surviving,
\n\ndeveloping until the adult stage, and even reproducing under microgravity conditions.
\n\nThis means that plants indeed adapt to this environment, although the mechanisms of
\n\nadaptation are currently unknown.
\n\nA major challenge of current research is to identify
\n\nenvironmental cues that may replace gravity in driving growth and development. Light
\n\ncan be one of these cues and understanding the role of light, as a countermeasure for
\n\ngravitational stress, will contribute to the success of the culture of plants in
\n\nextraterrestrial habitats.
", "publication_date": "2020-04-10", "publisher": "Zenodo", "resource_type": { "id": "publication-article", "title": { "de": "Zeitschriftenartikel", "en": "Journal article" } }, "rights": [ { "description": { "en": "The Creative Commons Attribution license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the condition that the creator is appropriately credited." }, "icon": "cc-by-icon", "id": "cc-by-4.0", "props": { "scheme": "spdx", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "title": { "en": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" } } ], "title": "Growing Plants in Human Space Exploration Enterprises" }, "parent": { "access": { "owned_by": { "user": 26524 } }, "communities": { "entries": [ { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2018-01-12T15:16:04.512745+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "3c488ff8-ad31-4c1f-aba9-5666ae395cb1", "links": {}, "metadata": { "curation_policy": "", "description": "The open access Journal Acta Futura from the European Space Agency's Advanced Concepts Team", "page": "", "title": "Acta Futura" }, "revision_id": 0, "slug": "acta-futura", "updated": "2018-01-12T15:16:04.512752+00:00" }, { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2015-04-10T12:37:15+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "66916345-480a-47eb-bee5-a6930a9812c8", "links": {}, "metadata": { "curation_policy": "", "description": "Open Science data from ESA's Advanced Concepts Team (www.esa.int/act)", "page": "Open Science data from ESA's Advanced Concepts Team (www.esa.int/act)
\r\n\r\n\r\n", "title": "ESA Advanced Concepts Team" }, "revision_id": 0, "slug": "esa-act", "updated": "2020-06-02T13:59:21.971274+00:00" } ], "ids": [ "3c488ff8-ad31-4c1f-aba9-5666ae395cb1", "66916345-480a-47eb-bee5-a6930a9812c8" ] }, "id": "3747366", "pids": { "doi": { "client": "datacite", "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.3747366", "provider": "datacite" } } }, "pids": { "doi": { "client": "datacite", "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.3747367", "provider": "datacite" }, "oai": { "identifier": "oai:zenodo.org:3747367", "provider": "oai" } }, "revision_id": 3, "stats": { "all_versions": { "data_volume": 99813807.0, "downloads": 327, "unique_downloads": 299, "unique_views": 436, "views": 455 }, "this_version": { "data_volume": 99508566.0, "downloads": 326, "unique_downloads": 298, "unique_views": 435, "views": 454 } }, "status": "published", "updated": "2020-04-10T20:20:15.798525+00:00", "versions": { "index": 1, "is_latest": true } }