Cyana arama arama (Moore, 1859)

(Figs 120–123, 219, 276)

Bizone arama Moore in Horsfield & Moore, 1859, A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East-India House 2: 306, pl. 79, fig. 10 (Type locality: “Darjeeling”).

= Bizone triguttata Walker, 1869, Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera Heterocera: 89 (Type locality: not stated), syn. nov.

= Cyana distincta babui Kishida, 1993; Tinea 13 (Suppl. 3): 38, pl. 41, figs 4, 5 (Type locality: [Nepal] “Godavari”).

Type material examined. Lectotype of Bizone arama Moore (designated herein) (Fig. 122): ♀, handwritten label “Darjeeling” / handwritten label “ Bizone arama. Moore” / printed label “Ind. Mus. 79.64.” / printed round label with a red circle “Type H.T.” / printed label with a unique identifier “NHMUK010597965” (Coll. NHMUK); lectotype of Bizone triguttata (designated herein) (Fig. 123): ♀ without abdomen, handwritten label “ Bizone triguttata ” / green round label / “Brit. Mus. 1935- (printed) 288 (handwritten)” / printed round label with a green circle “Type” / handwritten label “Same as Bizone arama Moore ” / printed label with a unique identifier “NHMUK010597913” (Coll. NHMUK).

Remarks. 1. Hampson (1900) and later authors (Draudt 1914; Strand 1922) treated the taxon triguttata as a junior synonym of C. guttifera. However, the lectotype specimen of triguttata is obviously conspecific with that of C. arama and not the much smaller C. guttifera. Thus, here we synonymize triguttata with arama. 2. Moore (1859) described Bizone arama based on four females (listed as “a. b. c. d.”), which are syntypes. In the original description of triguttata, Walker (1869) did not mention a number of specimens therefore the existence of syntypes is probable. To avoid any confusion with C. guttata in the future, here we designate the specimens of Bizone arama and Bizone triguttata deposited in the NHMUK collection and labeled as “Type”s (Figs. 122, 123) as lectotype.

Other material examined. SIKKIM: 6 ♂, Sikkim, X.1909, F. Moller, 1910–140 (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀, Sikkim, 3.X.[18]90, G.C. Dudgeon, 94–52 (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, India, Sikkim, Pemayangtse, 2000 m, 20–27.VIII.1988, Lf., leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, Sikkim, Dangar, 29.VIII.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Sikkim, Ribdi, 24.IX.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Chungthang, 28.IV.2014, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); WEST BENGAL: 1 ♀, Darjeeling (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♀ Assam, W.F. Badgley, 1906–185 (Coll. NHMUK); 2 ♂, India WB, 1700 m, Darjeeling, 9 miles from vill, 19.VIII.1985, leg. W. Thomas, slide MWM 37061 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♂, India WB, Darjeeling, 2000 m, 12–20.VIII.1985, leg. Dr. W. Thomas (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 3 ♂, India WB, Darjeeling, 2100 m, 28.VIII.–1.IX.1983, leg. Dr. W. Thomas, slide MWM 34423 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 2 ♂, India WB, Darjeeling, Tigerhill, 2400 m, end of VI.1987, leg. Dr. W. Thomas, slide MWM 34424 (♂) Volynkin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 ♀, Gopaldhara, Darjeeling, 4720’ (H. Stevens) IX.1916, slide AV2065 ♀ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); ASSAM: 1 ♂, Assam, Garampani, 28.IX.15, leg. Devinder Pal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); MEGHALAYA: 1 ♀, Khasis, VIII.1894, Nat. Coll. (Coll. NHMUK); 1 ♂, Khasia Hills, Assam, slide AV2064 ♂ Volynkin (Coll. ZFMK); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Nehu, 25.VIII.14, leg, H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji, 2.IX.08, leg. Rahul Joshi (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Jowai, 04.IX.2008, leg. Rahul Joshi (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Nehu, 8.IX.15, leg. Devinder Pal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 8 ♂, Meghalaya, Pynursla, 10.IX.2014, H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 5 ♂, 1 ♀ Meghalaya, Pynursla, 11.IX.2014 H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 2 ♂, Mawsynram, 26.VIII.2014, H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 3 ♂, Ialong, 18.IX.15, Kumar Kaustubh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Amlarem, 18.IX.2015, H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Amlarem, 19.IX.2015, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); 2 ♂, Meghalaya, Umaim, 25.IX.15, leg. Devinder Pal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Jowai, 17.IX.2015, leg. Devinder Pal Singh (Coll. NZCZSI); 1 ♂, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji, 13.IX.15, leg. H.S. Datta (Coll. NZCZSI); MANIPUR: 1 ♀, Manipur, Ukhrul, 18.IX.1994, leg. APS Kaleka (Coll. NZCZSI).

Diagnosis. Forewing length is 19–20 mm in males and 22–23 mm in females. Cyana arama is a closest relative of C. distincta (Rothschild, 1912) distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and South China. Externally, Carama differs from C. distincta (Figs 126, 127) by its amber yellow pattern of thorax and forewing, strongly wavy antemedial line and pale ochreous orange hindwing (that is pale crimson in C. distincta). The male genitalia of two species are similar and differ by the vesica structure only: in C. arama the lateral cluster of spinules is small and elongated, and the subbasal cluster of spinules is long and curved distally and consists of robust spinules, whereas in C. distincta (Fig. 221) the lateral cluster of spinules is large and rounded, and the subbasal one is short, straight and consists of small spinules. The female genitalia of C. arama differ from those of C. distincta (Fig. 278) by its stronger sclerotized posterior section of corpus bursae at the connection with appendix bursae, and larger appendix bursae.

Distribution. The nominate subspecies is distributed in North East India (Sikkim, north of West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur) (Hampson 1900; Singh et al. 2014), Nepal (Kishida 1993, as distincta babui) and West China (Tibet) (Fang 2000).