Project deliverable Open Access
Moat, Ben; Herbaut, Christophe; Larsen, Karin Margretha; Hansen, Bogi; Sinha, Bablu; Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra; Houpert, Loic; Liu, Yang; Hazeleger, Wilco; Attema, Jisk; Yeager, Stephen; Small, Justin; Valdimarsson, Hedinn; Berx, Barbara; Cunningham, Stuart; Houpert, Loic; Hallam, Samantha; Woodgate, Rebecca; Lee, Craig; Kwon, Young Oh; Flemming, Laura; Mercier, Herle; Jochumsen, Kerstin; Mecking, Jennifer; Holliday, Penny Holliday; Josey, Simon
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"> <leader>00000nam##2200000uu#4500</leader> <datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">eng</subfield> </datafield> <controlfield tag="005">20201001084117.0</controlfield> <datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">The Blue-Action project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 727852.</subfield> </datafield> <controlfield tag="001">3631100</controlfield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</subfield> <subfield code="a">Herbaut, Christophe</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Faroe Marine Research Institute</subfield> <subfield code="a">Larsen, Karin Margretha</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Faroe Marine Research Institute</subfield> <subfield code="a">Hansen, Bogi</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Sinha, Bablu</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Houpert, Loic</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Netherlands eScience Center</subfield> <subfield code="a">Liu, Yang</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Netherlands eScience Center</subfield> <subfield code="a">Hazeleger, Wilco</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Netherlands eScience Center</subfield> <subfield code="a">Attema, Jisk</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Center for Atmospheric Research</subfield> <subfield code="a">Yeager, Stephen</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Center for Atmospheric Research</subfield> <subfield code="a">Small, Justin</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Marine and Freshwater Research Institute</subfield> <subfield code="a">Valdimarsson, Hedinn</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Marine Scotland Science</subfield> <subfield code="a">Berx, Barbara</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Scottish Association for Marine Science</subfield> <subfield code="a">Cunningham, Stuart</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">University of Southampton</subfield> <subfield code="a">Houpert, Loic</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">University of Southampton</subfield> <subfield code="a">Hallam, Samantha</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">University of Washington</subfield> <subfield code="a">Woodgate, Rebecca</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">University of Washington</subfield> <subfield code="a">Lee, Craig</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</subfield> <subfield code="a">Kwon, Young Oh</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</subfield> <subfield code="a">Flemming, Laura</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer</subfield> <subfield code="a">Mercier, Herle</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie</subfield> <subfield code="a">Jochumsen, Kerstin</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Mecking, Jennifer</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Holliday, Penny Holliday</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Josey, Simon</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2=" "> <subfield code="s">3790918</subfield> <subfield code="z">md5:ee7d1fa8712834a8312615e7c492fb7e</subfield> <subfield code="u">https://zenodo.org/record/3631100/files/D2.1-LAST.pdf</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="542" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="l">open</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="c">2020-01-30</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="909" ind1="C" ind2="O"> <subfield code="p">openaire</subfield> <subfield code="p">user-blue-actionh2020</subfield> <subfield code="o">oai:zenodo.org:3631100</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">National Oceanography Centre</subfield> <subfield code="a">Moat, Ben</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">Model-observation and reanalyses comparison at key locations for heat transport to the Arctic (D2.1)</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">user-blue-actionh2020</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="536" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="c">727852</subfield> <subfield code="a">Arctic Impact on Weather and Climate</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="u">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode</subfield> <subfield code="a">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="650" ind1="1" ind2="7"> <subfield code="a">cc-by</subfield> <subfield code="2">opendefinition.org</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a"><p>Assessment of key lower latitude influences on the Arctic and their simulation</p> <p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>Blue-Action Work Package 2 (WP2) focuses on lower latitude drivers of Arctic change, with a focus on<br> the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and atmosphere on the Arctic. In particular, warm water travels from<br> the Atlantic, across the Greenland-Scotland ridge, through the Norwegian Sea towards the Arctic. A<br> large proportion of the heat transported northwards by the ocean is released to the atmosphere and<br> carried eastward towards Europe by the prevailing westerly winds. This is an important contribution to<br> northwestern Europe&#39;s mild climate. The remaining heat travels north into the Arctic. Variations in the<br> amount of heat transported into the Arctic will influence the long term climate of the Northern<br> Hemisphere. Here we assess how well the state of the art coupled climate models estimate this<br> northwards transport of heat in the ocean, and how the atmospheric heat transport varies with changes<br> in the ocean heat transport. We seek to improve the ocean monitoring systems that are in place by<br> introducing measurements from ocean gliders, Argo floats and satellites.<br> These state of the art computer simulations are evaluated by comparison with key trans-Atlantic<br> observations. In addition to the coupled models &lsquo;ocean-only&rsquo; evaluations are made. In general the<br> coupled model simulations have too much heat going into the Arctic region and the transports have too<br> much variability. The models generally reproduce the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean<br> Circulation (AMOC) well. All models in this study have a too strong southwards transport of freshwater<br> at 26&deg;N in the North Atlantic, but the divergence between 26&deg;N and Bering Straits is generally<br> reproduced really well in all the models.</p> <p>Altimetry from satellites have been used to reconstruct the ocean circulation 26&deg;N in the Atlantic, over<br> the Greenland Scotland Ridge and alongside ship based observations along the GO-SHIP OVIDE Section.<br> Although it is still a challenge to estimate the ocean circulation at 26&deg;N without using the RAPID 26&deg;N<br> array, satellites can be used to reconstruct the longer term ocean signal. The OSNAP project measures<br> the oceanic transport of heat across a section which stretches from Canada to the UK, via Greenland.<br> The project has used ocean gliders to great success to measure the transport on the eastern side of the<br> array. Every 10 days up to 4000 Argo floats measure temperature and salinity in the top 2000m of the<br> ocean, away from ocean boundaries, and report back the measurements via satellite. These data are<br> employed at 26&deg;N in the Atlantic to enable the calculation of the heat and freshwater transports.<br> As explained above, both ocean and atmosphere carry vast amounts of heat poleward in the Atlantic. In<br> the long term average the Atlantic ocean releases large amounts of heat to the atmosphere between<br> the subtropical and subpolar regions, heat which is then carried by the atmosphere to western Europe<br> and the Arctic. On shorter timescales, interannual to decadal, the amounts of heat carried by ocean and<br> atmosphere vary considerably. An important question is whether the total amount of heat transported,<br> atmosphere plus ocean, remains roughly constant, whether significant amounts of heat are gained or<br> lost from space and how the relative amount transported by the atmosphere and ocean change with<br> time. This is an important distinction because the same amount of anomalous heat transport will have</p> <p>very different effects depending on whether it is transported by ocean or the atmosphere. For example<br> the effects on Arctic sea ice will depend very much on whether the surface of the ice experiences<br> anomalous warming by the atmosphere versus the base of the ice experiencing anomalous warming<br> from the ocean. In Blue-Action we investigated the relationship between atmospheric and oceanic heat<br> transports at key locations corresponding to the positions of observational arrays (RAPID at 26&deg;N,<br> OSNAP at ~55N, and the Denmark Strait, Iceland-Scotland Ridge and Davis Strait at ~67N) in a number of<br> cutting edge high resolution coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations. We split the analysis into two<br> different timescales, interannual to decadal (1-10 years) and multidecadal (greater than 10 years). In the<br> 1-10 year case, the relationship between ocean and atmosphere transports is complex, but a robust<br> result is that although there is little local correlation between oceanic and atmospheric heat transports,<br> Correlations do occur at different latitudes. Thus increased oceanic heat transport at 26&deg;N is<br> accompanied by reduced heat transport at ~50N and a longitudinal shift in the location of atmospheric<br> flow of heat into the Arctic. Conversely, on longer timescales, there appears to be a much stronger local<br> compensation between oceanic and atmospheric heat transport i.e. Bjerknes compensation.</p></subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="773" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="n">doi</subfield> <subfield code="i">isVersionOf</subfield> <subfield code="a">10.5281/zenodo.3631099</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="024" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">10.5281/zenodo.3631100</subfield> <subfield code="2">doi</subfield> </datafield> <datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" "> <subfield code="a">publication</subfield> <subfield code="b">deliverable</subfield> </datafield> </record>
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