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Moat, Ben; Herbaut, Christophe; Larsen, Karin Margretha; Hansen, Bogi; Sinha, Bablu; Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra; Houpert, Loic; Liu, Yang; Hazeleger, Wilco; Attema, Jisk; Yeager, Stephen; Small, Justin; Valdimarsson, Hedinn; Berx, Barbara; Cunningham, Stuart; Houpert, Loic; Hallam, Samantha; Woodgate, Rebecca; Lee, Craig; Kwon, Young Oh; Flemming, Laura; Mercier, Herle; Jochumsen, Kerstin; Mecking, Jennifer; Holliday, Penny Holliday; Josey, Simon
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <resource xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.1/metadata.xsd"> <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3631100</identifier> <creators> <creator> <creatorName>Moat, Ben</creatorName> <givenName>Ben</givenName> <familyName>Moat</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Herbaut, Christophe</creatorName> <givenName>Christophe</givenName> <familyName>Herbaut</familyName> <affiliation>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Larsen, Karin Margretha</creatorName> <givenName>Karin Margretha</givenName> <familyName>Larsen</familyName> <affiliation>Faroe Marine Research Institute</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Hansen, Bogi</creatorName> <givenName>Bogi</givenName> <familyName>Hansen</familyName> <affiliation>Faroe Marine Research Institute</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Sinha, Bablu</creatorName> <givenName>Bablu</givenName> <familyName>Sinha</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra</creatorName> <givenName>Alejandra</givenName> <familyName>Sanchez-Franks</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Houpert, Loic</creatorName> <givenName>Loic</givenName> <familyName>Houpert</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Liu, Yang</creatorName> <givenName>Yang</givenName> <familyName>Liu</familyName> <affiliation>Netherlands eScience Center</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Hazeleger, Wilco</creatorName> <givenName>Wilco</givenName> <familyName>Hazeleger</familyName> <affiliation>Netherlands eScience Center</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Attema, Jisk</creatorName> <givenName>Jisk</givenName> <familyName>Attema</familyName> <affiliation>Netherlands eScience Center</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Yeager, Stephen</creatorName> <givenName>Stephen</givenName> <familyName>Yeager</familyName> <affiliation>National Center for Atmospheric Research</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Small, Justin</creatorName> <givenName>Justin</givenName> <familyName>Small</familyName> <affiliation>National Center for Atmospheric Research</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Valdimarsson, Hedinn</creatorName> <givenName>Hedinn</givenName> <familyName>Valdimarsson</familyName> <affiliation>Marine and Freshwater Research Institute</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Berx, Barbara</creatorName> <givenName>Barbara</givenName> <familyName>Berx</familyName> <affiliation>Marine Scotland Science</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Cunningham, Stuart</creatorName> <givenName>Stuart</givenName> <familyName>Cunningham</familyName> <affiliation>Scottish Association for Marine Science</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Houpert, Loic</creatorName> <givenName>Loic</givenName> <familyName>Houpert</familyName> <affiliation>University of Southampton</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Hallam, Samantha</creatorName> <givenName>Samantha</givenName> <familyName>Hallam</familyName> <affiliation>University of Southampton</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Woodgate, Rebecca</creatorName> <givenName>Rebecca</givenName> <familyName>Woodgate</familyName> <affiliation>University of Washington</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Lee, Craig</creatorName> <givenName>Craig</givenName> <familyName>Lee</familyName> <affiliation>University of Washington</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Kwon, Young Oh</creatorName> <givenName>Young Oh</givenName> <familyName>Kwon</familyName> <affiliation>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Flemming, Laura</creatorName> <givenName>Laura</givenName> <familyName>Flemming</familyName> <affiliation>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Mercier, Herle</creatorName> <givenName>Herle</givenName> <familyName>Mercier</familyName> <affiliation>Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Jochumsen, Kerstin</creatorName> <givenName>Kerstin</givenName> <familyName>Jochumsen</familyName> <affiliation>Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Mecking, Jennifer</creatorName> <givenName>Jennifer</givenName> <familyName>Mecking</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Holliday, Penny Holliday</creatorName> <givenName>Penny Holliday</givenName> <familyName>Holliday</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> <creator> <creatorName>Josey, Simon</creatorName> <givenName>Simon</givenName> <familyName>Josey</familyName> <affiliation>National Oceanography Centre</affiliation> </creator> </creators> <titles> <title>Model-observation and reanalyses comparison at key locations for heat transport to the Arctic (D2.1)</title> </titles> <publisher>Zenodo</publisher> <publicationYear>2020</publicationYear> <dates> <date dateType="Issued">2020-01-30</date> </dates> <language>en</language> <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Text">Project deliverable</resourceType> <alternateIdentifiers> <alternateIdentifier alternateIdentifierType="url">https://zenodo.org/record/3631100</alternateIdentifier> </alternateIdentifiers> <relatedIdentifiers> <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="IsVersionOf">10.5281/zenodo.3631099</relatedIdentifier> <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="IsPartOf">https://zenodo.org/communities/blue-actionh2020</relatedIdentifier> </relatedIdentifiers> <rightsList> <rights rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights> <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights> </rightsList> <descriptions> <description descriptionType="Abstract"><p>Assessment of key lower latitude influences on the Arctic and their simulation</p> <p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>Blue-Action Work Package 2 (WP2) focuses on lower latitude drivers of Arctic change, with a focus on<br> the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and atmosphere on the Arctic. In particular, warm water travels from<br> the Atlantic, across the Greenland-Scotland ridge, through the Norwegian Sea towards the Arctic. A<br> large proportion of the heat transported northwards by the ocean is released to the atmosphere and<br> carried eastward towards Europe by the prevailing westerly winds. This is an important contribution to<br> northwestern Europe&#39;s mild climate. The remaining heat travels north into the Arctic. Variations in the<br> amount of heat transported into the Arctic will influence the long term climate of the Northern<br> Hemisphere. Here we assess how well the state of the art coupled climate models estimate this<br> northwards transport of heat in the ocean, and how the atmospheric heat transport varies with changes<br> in the ocean heat transport. We seek to improve the ocean monitoring systems that are in place by<br> introducing measurements from ocean gliders, Argo floats and satellites.<br> These state of the art computer simulations are evaluated by comparison with key trans-Atlantic<br> observations. In addition to the coupled models &lsquo;ocean-only&rsquo; evaluations are made. In general the<br> coupled model simulations have too much heat going into the Arctic region and the transports have too<br> much variability. The models generally reproduce the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean<br> Circulation (AMOC) well. All models in this study have a too strong southwards transport of freshwater<br> at 26&deg;N in the North Atlantic, but the divergence between 26&deg;N and Bering Straits is generally<br> reproduced really well in all the models.</p> <p>Altimetry from satellites have been used to reconstruct the ocean circulation 26&deg;N in the Atlantic, over<br> the Greenland Scotland Ridge and alongside ship based observations along the GO-SHIP OVIDE Section.<br> Although it is still a challenge to estimate the ocean circulation at 26&deg;N without using the RAPID 26&deg;N<br> array, satellites can be used to reconstruct the longer term ocean signal. The OSNAP project measures<br> the oceanic transport of heat across a section which stretches from Canada to the UK, via Greenland.<br> The project has used ocean gliders to great success to measure the transport on the eastern side of the<br> array. Every 10 days up to 4000 Argo floats measure temperature and salinity in the top 2000m of the<br> ocean, away from ocean boundaries, and report back the measurements via satellite. These data are<br> employed at 26&deg;N in the Atlantic to enable the calculation of the heat and freshwater transports.<br> As explained above, both ocean and atmosphere carry vast amounts of heat poleward in the Atlantic. In<br> the long term average the Atlantic ocean releases large amounts of heat to the atmosphere between<br> the subtropical and subpolar regions, heat which is then carried by the atmosphere to western Europe<br> and the Arctic. On shorter timescales, interannual to decadal, the amounts of heat carried by ocean and<br> atmosphere vary considerably. An important question is whether the total amount of heat transported,<br> atmosphere plus ocean, remains roughly constant, whether significant amounts of heat are gained or<br> lost from space and how the relative amount transported by the atmosphere and ocean change with<br> time. This is an important distinction because the same amount of anomalous heat transport will have</p> <p>very different effects depending on whether it is transported by ocean or the atmosphere. For example<br> the effects on Arctic sea ice will depend very much on whether the surface of the ice experiences<br> anomalous warming by the atmosphere versus the base of the ice experiencing anomalous warming<br> from the ocean. In Blue-Action we investigated the relationship between atmospheric and oceanic heat<br> transports at key locations corresponding to the positions of observational arrays (RAPID at 26&deg;N,<br> OSNAP at ~55N, and the Denmark Strait, Iceland-Scotland Ridge and Davis Strait at ~67N) in a number of<br> cutting edge high resolution coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations. We split the analysis into two<br> different timescales, interannual to decadal (1-10 years) and multidecadal (greater than 10 years). In the<br> 1-10 year case, the relationship between ocean and atmosphere transports is complex, but a robust<br> result is that although there is little local correlation between oceanic and atmospheric heat transports,<br> Correlations do occur at different latitudes. Thus increased oceanic heat transport at 26&deg;N is<br> accompanied by reduced heat transport at ~50N and a longitudinal shift in the location of atmospheric<br> flow of heat into the Arctic. Conversely, on longer timescales, there appears to be a much stronger local<br> compensation between oceanic and atmospheric heat transport i.e. Bjerknes compensation.</p></description> <description descriptionType="Other">The Blue-Action project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 727852.</description> </descriptions> <fundingReferences> <fundingReference> <funderName>European Commission</funderName> <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">10.13039/501100000780</funderIdentifier> <awardNumber awardURI="info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/727852/">727852</awardNumber> <awardTitle>Arctic Impact on Weather and Climate</awardTitle> </fundingReference> </fundingReferences> </resource>
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