Automated Biometric-EVM Implemented Using Lab-View

In this digitalization era Indian election still uses manual system for vote casting during election. In every election it is considered to introducing Electronic voting machines (EVM) though Evm has many limitations and it is not entirely automated. Hence, in this paper we have designed fully automated biometric-EVM using Lab-VIEW. The system interfaced with the integrated database system containing all voter information. At the end of voting process the number of casted votes will be counted with stipulated time. Hence the process system will improve the voting system by reducing fraudulent activities corruptions, ensuring security, transparency, fairness, accuracy, trustworthy and keeping backup trails of voting system can be seen in this paper. LabVIEW enables the data base storage and file management easy and applicable in all other fields compare to other methods. Data base storage and extraction of the data base at the same time can possible using Lab-VIEW with using internet and it adds many advantages using in rural areas without the broadband connection. This paper presents second stage of verification by proving Aadhar information of the voter extracted by the use of fingerprints and that going to display on screen. The Aadhar information can be monitored. In future IOT can be implemented to send election report etc. Therefore, voting management of the election commission will be improved by ceasing fraudulent activities.


I. INTRODUCTION
Biometric-EVMs are voting machines which are used in elections. These machines are used for the purpose of collecting and counting the votes casted by voters. Before EVM ballot paper had used lot of paper for voting and large number of human resource for security, verification of voter and maintenance. Use of EVMs reduces the time consumption and human resource. But EVM are targeted and bogus voting becomes possible using EVMs. To avoid it, we come across a Biometric EVM. These EVM uses the fingerprints as an identity of the voter. Here the major problem was to collect the fingerprint impression of the individual voter and maintain data base of the person. But our government gave the solution by giving an Aadhar card to the country citizens. These Aadhar IDs contains the information of the citizens and Biometric identity. As we know Biometric identity of a person is unique that cannot be copied. So these Aadhar card can be used as voter ID and we can use the fingerprints for Biometric verification of the voter. This system takes lots of changes or altered into a new technical and mechanical system which uses electronic voting machines in order to avoid misconceptions. This voting machine is fast and capable of good accuracy. But EVM system needs more manpower for cross verifying the voter ID cards and also it is not much more reliable. Reliability of the voting can be increased by advancement of technologies to do that many algorithm had been proposed and used. The best was to use the Biometric identity as a person identity. So one of the cheapest way of recognition is fingerprint recognition. Then ARM controller is interfaced with LabVIEW.
Lab-VIEW is a graphical, easy, user friendly to implement any task. This makes easy understanding, easy to use in all fields by providing virtual instruments if necessary. So using Lab-VIEW in project makes big difference and makes easy in data storing and data acquisition.

II.
METHODOLOGY The biometric-EVM is made up of ARM controller, fingerprint sensor, buzzer, manual EVM, LCDs, LED and including serial communication connector for interfacing with LabVIEW. Working of Biometric-Evm includes data base of fingerprints of all voters who are eligible for voting. So we have to collect the Biometrics database to feed into fingerprint module for registration. This data base is compared with fingerprint of voter who is ready to vote. If he match is found controller allow the person to vote in the EVM. The EVM consist party name, candidate name and buttons for casting votes. Once the voting done by the voter that vote has to store for counting and to generate voting or election report. To do that we make use of controller, here EVM sends the data to read and store on ARM. ARM sends the data to LabVIEW for generation of report including Aadhar ID card display.
A. Architecture of the biometric voting system using lab-view As shown in the below conceptual architecture of the EVM highlights all the components which are used. Controller, fingerprint sensor, LCD display and bunch of LEDs are the components in the project. Mainly EVM divided as two units; they are controlling unit and data acquisition (data base management) unit. These two units work using different software environment to do their job. This makes the Biometric-EVM complex. Here Lab View and Kiel compiler are the software implementation. Here Lab-view is for data acquisition and data storing. Data storing contain the information of the candidates that may contain name, age, parents and Aadhar ID number. In data storing we are going to store information about the voted voter .This can be encrypted format for the security purpose. Lab-VIEW page display the candidate full information, name of the party voted and the votes are automatically counted while doing election process. The busser indication has been given for indication to the next voter to get ready for voting. Biometric-EVM is automated; it is not controlled by human, so buzzer sound tells the voters that voting done and next person is allowed to vote.

III.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS A. ARM controller ARM7TDMI-S is a 16/32 bit controller. Microcontroller embedded with flash memory because it supports real-time emulation& embedded trace. Thumb mode can be used alternatively for critical code size applications and reduce the code with minimal performance penalty. ARM 7 is ideal for access control and point of sale and miniaturization is a key requirement. Serial communications interfaces of full speed devices like I2C, SSP, SPC, multiple UARTs and other devices of controller very well suited for communication gateways & protocol converter. ARM controller is suitable for industrial control and medical system because of external interrupt pins and level sensitive. Optical fingerprint sensor R308 is shown in Fig.2.It's used for capturing and processing of fingerprints. There is a high powered DSP chip inside the module. Fingerprint module has the capability of saving large number of IDs. New fingerprints can be enrolled in on-chip flash memory of the module. Fingerprint module may interface with MCU of 3.3v to 5v power via serial communication. The mode of operation is semi duplex asynchronies serial communication. Module support fingerprint libraries to store templates of fingerprints to create library of fingerprints. R30X series provide many instructions. Through combination of different instructions, application program may realize multi finger authentication functions. All commands/data are transferred in package format. Fingerprint module has to be enrolled with the fingerprint to create the fingerprint library, below finger we can refer for enrollment process. C. PC ARM and LabVIEW are installed on PC. New fingerprints are enrolled into the system by entering IDs through serial monitor. Similarly IDs can be deleted using serial monitor. Different stages which the system undergoes while in use are also displayed. The main use of LabVIEW in the system is for generating report of attendance in a text file. Serial data is also displayed on LabVIEW front panel.

D. LCD
LCD is the user interface of the system.2x16 JHD162A LCD is used. Different modes of operation such as enrolment of new IDs, marking attendance and deletion of IDs are displayed on LCD.

E. Switches
Three push button switches are used for selecting different operating modes of the system.

F. EVM (electronic voting machines)
EVM is the voting device where election candidates name and party name are given to select by voter. EVM uses the push button for encountering vote. After casting of vote, EVM sends the signal to controller for counting votes.

Working principle
The proposed system is a Biometric-EVM system which has 4 main sections -1) Registration of voter 2) voting control and 3) Election report from Lab-VIEW 4) Aadhar ID card display on Lab-VIEW page. 5) Result display on Lab-VIEW page. All voters have to register fingerprints into sensor for Biometric database. But we can use Aadhar data base to enroll the fingerprints. Aadhar cards data base implemented by government. So election committee can easily access and get fingerprints of all the citizens. These fingerprints can be used as Data base during Election.
Before extracting fingerprints from Aadhar database we need to verify the each and every person age should be greater than 18 and those extracted fingerprints can be enrolled into the sensor. Digital ballot paper (Biometric-EVM) contains the list of candidates and respective logos. Only one vote can cast by registered voters once fingerprint matched. Below we are going to explain step by step process of Biometric-EVM.
Project uses the SFG algorithm to enroll the fingers after the enrollment step followed by is identification and verification. These two steps uses fingerprint sensor algorithm to verify the fingerprint of the same person (1:1) ratio and to identify the fingerprint in the fingerprint data base (1: n) ratio. Once the fingerprint of the voter matches the data base, controller allows the voter to access the EVM.
EVM and sensor connected through ARM controller .controlling part main in this project. As we said once the fingerprint matches controller allow casting vote. This is the 1st type of verification in election. Using Biometric verification Enables 100% accuracy in finding a voter because of unique pattern of fingerprint to each individuals. ARM controller Commands simultaneously display on LCD. Commands have to be followed by voter to cast vote.
Working module of Biometric-EVM follows the below process. The processes are explained using flow chart for better understanding of the software logic of the project. As shown in Figure 4, at the beginning of the registration process system will store detailed information of voters. If the fingerprints are valid, the system will generate templates for respective fingerprints which will be stored in the database alongside the voters other information. To check the authentication of a voter during registration process following cases will be considered:

1) Registration Process:
2) Voting Process: As shown in Figure 2, the system will ask for the voter's fingerprint until properly scanned. Then it will try to find a match with templates existing in the database. During voting process following cases will be considered as shown in algorithm:

System implementation
Prototype is implemented by using different hardware which has been interfaced together as shown in figure bellow: Fig. 4: Implemented System Prototype Communication establishment of each and every device should be responsible for working. Above are steps to follow to get proposed to system to implement. Instead server we are using lab-view tool kit to design database which is used to store the information of voter , list of the candidates for specific election and other necessary information. Access to the data can be done by Lab-view very easily compered to all other integrated soft wares. Only Lab-view can handle the data acquisition, data access and data storage. So using Lab-view is the main advantage in this project.
In hard ware implementation process it is important to know about fingerprint module. The module used here is RS 308. Fingerprint identification is based primarily on the minutiae, or the location and direction of the ridge endings and bifurcation (splits) along ride path. Visualization can be seen in below figure.

Characteristic
The sensor type used here is optical scanner. Fingerprint sensor capture images by employing high frequency optical devices that use prisms to detect the change in light reflectance related to the fingerprint. The fingerprint database can be created by using SFG algorithm, the address of the template can be found out and that can be viewed in the flash magic. This can show the how the sensor module and SFG algorithm interacts to store data base of fingerprints. Lab-VIEW: Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench commonly known as Lab-VIEW is a design platform/environment as a visual programming language from National Instruments. It is a graphical design platform wherein users can create a flow diagram to perform any type of mathematical, control system, measurement and data acquisition operation and to store the information of the process. The main advantage is implementing IOT applications using Lab-view. It is compatible with real time hard ware implementation. LabVIEW has many in-built modules which have blocks for design, analysis and visualization of data. Consideration of the Lab-VIEW in the project is to report generation, data acquisition and data base management in easy and secure way. It helps save man power, time and cost.
The LabVIEW code can be implemented as following figures, we can see how data base can be created and election report from EVM can be stored in a file for verification or future access. LabVIEW enables the simultaneous counting of votes and that can be displayed on LabVIEW page. The system is developed by 4 different interfacing methods for different purpose. They are A. Interfacing sensor with fingerprint sensor algorithm: Registration process of voter is main step. It's possible to store the data base of voter fingerprints, which are eligible for casting vote can store.
B. Sensor interfacing with arm controller: Matching of the fingerprints can be find out. Once the matches the controller allow the voter to cast vote. If controller comes to know the unregistered voter it immediately declare that person is not eligible for voting.
C. Interfacing arm controller with LCD: Step by step interaction between voter and EVM can be done by this step. It provides user friendly environment. Commands are the procedure for the voter to cast vote D. Interfacing b/w computer (pc) and controller through Lab-VIEW: Lab-VIEW helps to access the data, store the data and display the data. We can maintain the file that contains the process Report of the election. This can be used for avoiding limitation of previous EVMs. IOT applications can be introduced in Lab-view.

IV.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION Communication establishment of each and every device should be responsible for working module of EVM. Steps are tabulated and those has to be followed by voter to cast vote. 1 B i o m e t r i c -EVM asks for placing the finger, which is displayed on LCD. 7. Lab-VIEW report generation, we can save this for many years.
These are the main steps of the Bio-metric EVM. They can be check and some important results had been tested for various constraints and loopholes but the result was quite satisfying. Cheating is not possible so easy recognition of unauthorized voter. All information regarding the voting process (voter, voting, party) is stored in the database of Lab-View. Accuracy is full percent.

a. Applications of EVM system
Small scale elections like resident welfare association, "panchayat" level election and other society level elections, where results can be instantaneous Conduct opinion polls during annual shareholders meeting Assembly lections Airport security system, where employee data acquisition required b. Advantages of the Biometric EVM Providing the preventive measures system for voting. It completely rules out the chance of invalid votes. Its use results in reduction of polling time.
Results in fewer problems in electoral preparations, law and order candidates' expenditure.
Provide easy and accurate counting without any mischief at the counting center. It is capable of saving considerable printing stationery and transport of large volumes of electoral material.

V. CONCLUSION
Basis of the democratic country is to help in free and fair way of conducting elections, which can be possible by the use of "Biometric-EVM using Lab-view for data acquisition and soring". Multiple and bogus voting can be avoided. This project overcomes with many disadvantages of previous EVMs. By this Biometric-EVM provides transparent, fair, secure, flexible and accurate election process.