Published December 19, 2019
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)
Description
Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla García, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad, Gamble, Tony (2019): The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae). Zootaxa 4712 (2): 151-201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/24549
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:B41BE247FFF3F83F2771FFC17211241B
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/B41BE247FFF3F83F2771FFC17211241B
References
- Barbour, T. (1921) Sphaerodactylus. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 47, 217-278, plates 1-26.
- Barbour, T. (1937) Third list of Antillean reptiles and amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 82, 77- 166.
- Barker, B.S., Rodriguez-Robles, J.A., Aran, V.S., Montoya, A., Waide, R.B. & Cook, J.A. (2012) Sea level, topography and island diversity: Phylogeography of the Puerto Rican Red-eyed Coqui, Eleutherodactylus antillensis. Molecular Ecology, 21, 6033-6052. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12020
- Barley, A.J., Brown, J.M. & Thomson, R.C. (2018). Impact of model violations on the inference of species boundaries under the multispecies coalescent. Systematic Biology, 67, 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syx073
- Bauer, A.M. & Lamb, T. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Pachydactylus capensis group of southern African geckos. African Zoology, 37, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2002.11657176
- Bennett, K.D. (2004) Continuing the debate on the role of Quaternary environmental change for macroevolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1395
- Botov, A., Phung, T.M., Ngyyen, T.Q., Bauer, A.M., Brennan, I.G. & Ziegler, T. (2015) A new species of Dixonius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phu Quy Island, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4040 (1), 048-058. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4040.1.4
- Bouckaert, R., Heled, J., Kuhnert, D., Vaughan, T., Wu, C.-H., Xie, D., Suchard, M.A, Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) BEAST 2: A Software Platform for Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis. PLOS Computational Biology, 10, e1003537. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003537
- Bouckaert, R.R. & Heled, J. (2014) DensiTree 2: Seeing trees through the forest. bioRxiv. [posted online] https://doi.org/10.1101/012401
- Burbrink, F.T., Lawson, R. & Slowinski, J.B. (2000) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the polytypic North American ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta): A critique of the subspecies concept. Evolution, 54, 2107-2118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb01253.x
- Carlton, J.T., Chapman, J.W., Geller, J.B., Miller, J.A., Carlton, D.A., McCuller, M.I., Treneman, N.C., Steves, B.P. & Ruiz, G.M. (2017) Tsunami-driven rafting: Transoceanic species dispersal and implications for marine biogeography. Science, 357, 1402-1406. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1498
- Darwin, C. (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. John Murray, London, 502 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68064
- Daza, J.D. & Bauer, A.M (2012) A new amber-embedded sphaerodactyl gecko from Hispaniola, with comments on morphological synapomorphies of the Sphaerodactylidae. Breviora, 2012, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3099/529.1
- Daza, J.D., Bauer, A.M., Wagner, P. & Bohme, W. (2013) A reconsideration of Sphaerodactylus dommeli Bohme, 1984 (Squa- mata: Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae), a Miocene lizard in amber. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 51, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12001
- de Queiroz, K. (1998) The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation: A conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: Howard, D.J. & Berlocher, S.H., (Eds.), Endless Forms: Species and Speciation. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 57-75.
- de Queiroz, K. (2007) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology, 56, 879-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083
- Diaz-Lameiro, A.M., Oleksyk, T., Bird-Pico, F.J. & Martinez-Cruzado, J.C. (2013) Colonization of islands in the Mona Passage by endemic dwarf geckoes (genus Sphaerodactylus) reconstructed with mitochondrial phylogeny. Ecology and Evolution, 3, 4488-4500. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.770
- Dugo-Cota, A., Vila, C., Rodriguez, A. & Gonzalez-Voyer, A. (2019) Ecomorphological convergence in Eleutherodactylus frogs: A case of replicate radiations in the Caribbean. Ecology Letters, 22, 884-893. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13246
- Dunson, W.A. & Bramham, C.R. (1981) Evaporative water loss and oxygen consumption of three small lizards from the Florida Keys: Sphaerodactylus cinereus, S. notatus, and Anolis sagrei. Physiological Zoology, 54, 253-259. https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.54.2.30155827
- Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792-1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
- Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P.L. (2007) The extent and chronology of Cenozoic global glaciation. Quaternary International, 164-165, 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.008
- Erickson, E.E., Helmer, E.H., Brandeis, T.J. & Lugo, A.E. (2014) Controls on fallen leaf chemistry and forest floor element masses in native and novel forests across a tropical island. Ecosphere, 5, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00263.1
- Gamble, T., Bauer, A.M., Greenbaum, E. & Jackman, T.R. (2008a) Out of the blue: A novel, trans-Atlantic clade of geckos (Gekkota, Squamata). Zoologica Scripta, 37, 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00330.x
- Gamble, T., Simons, A.M., Colli, G.R. & Vitt, L.J. (2008b) Tertiary climate change and the diversification of the Amazonian gecko genus Gonatodes (Sphaerodactylidae, Squamata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.013
- Gamble, T., Daza, J.D., Colli, G.R., Vitt, L.J. & Bauer, A.M. (2011) A new genus of miniaturized and pug-nosed gecko from South America (Sphaerodactylidae: Gekkota). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163, 1244-1266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00741.x
- Gamble, T., Colli, G.R., Rodrigues, M.T., Werneck, F.P. & Simons, A.M. (2012) Phylogeny and cryptic diversity in geckos (Phyllopezus; Phyllodactylidae; Gekkota) from South America's open biomes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 943-953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.033
- Gamble, T., Greenbaum, E., Jackman, T.R. & Bauer, A.M. (2015) Into the light: Diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115, 896-910. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12536
- Geurgas, S.R. & Rodrigues, M.T. (2010) The hidden diversity of Coleodactylus amazonicus (Sphaerodactylinae, Gekkota) revealed by molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54, 583-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.004
- Gillespie, R. (2004) Community assembly through adaptive radiation in Hawaiian spiders. Science, 303, 356-359. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091875
- Grant, C. (1931) The Sphaerodactylus of Porto Rico, Culebra and Mona Islands. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 15, 199-213.
- Grant, C. (1932a) Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis, a valid species. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 16, 43-45.
- Grant, C. (1932b) Chart for determining the Sphaerodactylus of the Porto Rico region. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 16, 33-36.
- Grant, C. (1932c) The herpetology of Vieques Island. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 16, 37-39.
- Grant, C. & Beatty, H.A. (1944) Herpetological notes on St. Croix, Virgin Islands. Herpetologica, 2, 110-113.
- Grant, P.R. & Grant, B.R. (2011) How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches. Princeton University Press, Princeton, , New Jersey, 272 pp.
- Grismer, L.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Anuar, S., Riyanto, A., Ahmad, N., Muin, M.A., Sumontha, M., Grismer, J.L., Onn, C.K., Quah, E.S.H. & Pauwels, O.S.A. (2014) Systematics and natural history of Southeast Asian Rock Geckos (genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) with descriptions of eight new species from Malaysia,Thailand, and Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3880 (1), 1-147. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3880.1.1
- Guarnizo, C.E., Werneck, F.P., Giugliano, L.G., Santos, M.G., Fenker, J., Sousa, L., D'Angiolella, A.B., Santos, A.R.d., Strussmann, C., Rodrigues, M.T., Dorado-Rodrigues, T.F., Gamble, T. & Colli, G.R. (2016) Cryptic lineages and diversification of an endemic anole lizard (Squamata, Dactyloidae) of the Cerrado hotspot. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.005
- Gunther, A. (1859) On the reptiles from St. Croix, West Indies, collected by Messrs, A. and B. Newton. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4 (21), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935908697110
- Hass, C.A. (1991) Evolution and biogeography of West Indian Sphaerodactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae): A molecular approach. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 225, 525-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb04323.x
- Hass, C.A. (1996) Relationships among West Indian geckos of the genus Sphaerodactylus: a preliminary analysis of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences. In: Powell, R. & Henderson, R.W. (Eds.), Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York, pp. 175-194.
- Heatwole, H. & Levins, R. (1972) Biogeography of the Puerto Rican Bank: Flotsam transport of terrestrial animals. Ecology, 53, 112-117. https://doi.org/10.2307/1935715
- Heatwole, H. & MacKenzie, F. (1967) Herpetogeography of Puerto Rico. IV. Paleogeography, faunal similarity and endemism. Evolution, 21, 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1967.tb03400.x
- Hearty, P.J., Hollin, J.T., Neumann, A.C., O'Leary, M.J. & McCulloch, M. (2007) Global sea-level fluctuations during the Last Interglaciation (MIS5e). Quaternary Science Reviews, 26, 2090-2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.019
- Hedges, S.B. (1989) An island radiation: Allozyme evolution in Jamaican frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae). Caribbean Journal of Science, 25, 123-147.
- Hedges. S.B. & Conn, C.E. (2012) A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa, 3288 (1), 1-244. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3288.1.1
- Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E. & Heinicke, M.P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura : Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737 (1), 1-182. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1737.1.1
- Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1-61. https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49
- Hedges, S.B. & Thomas, R. (2001) At the lower size limit in amniote vertebrates: A new diminutive lizard from the West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37, 168-173.
- Heinicke, M.P., Duellman, W.E. & Hedges, S.B. (2007) Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 10092-10097. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611051104
- Hewitt, G.M. (2004) Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the Quaternary. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359, 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1388
- Huelsenbeck, J.P., Nielsen, R. & Bollback, J.P. (2003) Stochastic mapping of morphological characters. Systematic Biology, 52, 131-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390192780
- Iturralde-Vinent, M.A. (2006) Meso-Cenozoic Caribbean paleogeography: implications for the historical biogeography of the region. International Geology Review, 48, 791-827. https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.48.9.791
- Iturralde-Vinent, M.A. & MacPhee, R.D.E. (1999) Paleogeography of the Caribbean region: Implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 238, 1-95.
- Jones, G. (2017) Algorithmic improvements to species delimitation and phylogeny estimation under the multispecies coalescent. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 74, 447-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-016-1034-0
- Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28, 1647-1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
- King, F.W. (1962) Systematics of Lesser Antillean lizards of the genus Sphaerodactylus. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 7, 1-52.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
- Librado, P. & Rozas, J. (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics, 25, 1451-1452. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187
- Lin, L.-H., Xiang, J., Diong, C.-H., Du, Y. & Lin, C.-X. (2010) Phylogeography and population structure of the Reevese's butterfly lizard (Leiolepis reevesii) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.032
- Lopez-Ortiz, R. & Lewis, A.R. (2002) Seasonal abundance of hatchlings and gravid females of Sphaerodactylus nicholsi in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. Journal of Herpetology, 36, 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0276:SAOHAG]2.0.CO;2
- Losos, J.B., Jackman, T.R., Larson, A., de Queiroz, K. & Rodriguez-Schettino, L. (1998) Contingency and determinism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards. Science, 279, 2115-2118. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5359.2115
- Losos, J.B. (2009) Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 528 pp. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520255913.001.0001
- Lovette, I.J. (2005) Glacial cycles and the tempo of avian speciation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20, 57-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.11.011
- MacArthur, R.H. & Wilson, E.O. (1967) Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 224 pp.
- MacLean, W. P. (1985). Water-loss rates of Sphaerodactylus parthenopion (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), the smallest amniote vertebrate. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Physiology, 82, 759-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)90479-7
- MacLean, W.P. & Holt, R.D. (1979) Distributional patterns in St. Croix Sphaerodactylus lizards: The taxon cycle in action. Biotropica, 11, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388038
- Mahler, D.L., Revell, L.J., Glor, R.E. & Losos, J.B. (2010) Ecological opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the diversification of Greater Antillean anoles. Evolution, 64, 2731-2745. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01026.x
- Mann, P., Draper, G. & Lewis, J.F. (1991) An overview of the geologic and tectonic development of Hispaniola. In: Mann, P., Draper, G. & Lewis, J.F. (Eds.), Geological and Tectonic Development of the North America-Caribbean Plate Boundary in Hispaniola. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 262, pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE262-p1
- Mayr, E. (1942) Systematics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 334.
- Meerwarth, H. (1901) Die Westindischen Reptilien und Batrachier des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 18, 1-41.
- Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, Louisiana, 14 November 2010, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
- Nava, S.S. (2006) Size does matter. Iguana, 13, 16-30.
- Nava, S.S., Lindsay, C.R., Powell, R. & Henderson, R.W. (2002) Sphaerodactylus parvus. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 752, 1-2.
- Nei, M. & Li, W.H. (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 76, 5269-5273. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.76.10.5269
- Nielsen, R. (2002) Mapping mutations on phylogenies. Systematic Biology, 51, 729-739. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150290102393
- Ogilvie, H.A., Bouckaert, R.R. & Drummond, A.J. (2017) StarBEAST2 brings faster species tree inference and accurate estimates of substitution rates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34, 2101-2114. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx126
- Oliver, P.M., Hutchinson, M.N. & Cooper, S.J.B. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships in the lizard genus Diplodactylus Gray and resurrection of Lucasium Wermuth (Gekkota, Diplodactylidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, 55, 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO07008
- Padilla, L.F. (2006) Geographic variation in color pattern on Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Gunther 1859, (Sauria: Gekkonidae). M. Sc. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan. 153 pp.
- Page, R.D. & Lydeard, C. (1994) Towards a cladistic biogeography of the Caribbean. Cladistics, 10, 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1994.tb00162.x
- Palumbi, S.R., Cipriano, F. & Hare, M.P. (2001) Predicting nuclear gene coalescence from mitochondrial data: The three-times rule. Evolution, 55, 859-868. https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0859:PNGCFM]2.0.CO;2
- Papadopoulou, A. & Knowles, L.L. (2015) Genomic tests of the species-pump hypothesis: Recent island connectivity cycles drive population divergence but not speciation in Caribbean crickets across the Virgin Islands. Evolution, 69, 1501-1517. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12667
- Paradis, E. & Schilep, K. (2018) ape 5.0: an environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R. Bioinformatics, 35, 526-528. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty633
- Patten, M.A. & Unitt, P. (2002) Diagnosability versus mean differences of sage sparrow subspecies. The Auk, 119, 26-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.26
- Pepper, M., Doughty, P. & Keogh, J.S. (2006) Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the Australian Diplodactylus stenodactylus (Gekkota; Reptilia) species-group based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes reveals an ancient split between Pilbara and non-Pilbara D. stenodactylus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41, 539-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.028
- Pinto, B.J., Titus-McQuillan, J., Daza, J.D. & Gamble, T. (2019a). Persistence of a geographically-stable hybrid zone in Puerto Rican dwarf geckos. Journal of Heredity, 110, 523-534. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz015
- Pinto, B.J., Colli, G.R., Higham, T.E., Russell, A.P., Scantlebury, D.P., Vitt, L.J. & Gamble, T. (2019b) Population genetic structure and species delimitation of a widespread, Neotropical dwarf gecko. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 133, 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.029
- Portik, D.M., Travers, S.L., Bauer, A.M. & Branch, W.R. (2013) A new species of Lygodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to Mount Namuli, an isolated 'sky island' of northern Mozambique. Zootaxa, 3710 (5), 415-435. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.5.2
- Powell, R. & Henderson, R.W. (2001) On the taxonomic status of some Lesser Antillean Lizards. Caribbean Journal of Science, 37, 288-290.
- Questel, K. (2018) Discovery of geckos, Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Gunther and Sphaerodactylus sputator Sparrman, on Prickly Pear Cays, Anguilla, British West Indies. Caribbean Herpetology, 61, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.61
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior Summarization in Bayesian Phylogenetics Using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901-904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Regalado, R. (2014) Does dichromatism variation affect sex recognition in dwarf geckos? Ethology, Ecology and Evolution, 27, 56-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2014.885465
- Revell, L.J. (2012) phytools: An R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00169.x
- Reynolds, R.G., Strickland, T.R., Kolbe, J.J., Falk, B.G., Perry, G., Revell, L.J. & Losos, J.B. (2017) Archipelagic genetics in a widespread Caribbean anole. Journal of Biogeography, 44, 2631-2647. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13072
- Rivero, J.A. (1998) Los Anfibios y Reptiles de Puerto Rico (The Amphibians and Reptiles of Puerto Rico). Segunda Edicion Revisada. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Editorial Universitaria, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 510 pp.
- Rocha, S., Vences, M., Glaw, F., Posada, D. & Harris, D.J. (2009) Multigene phylogeny of Malagasy day geckos of the genus Phelsuma. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 530-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.032
- Rodda, G.H., Perry, G.A.D., Rondeau, R.J. & Lazell, J. (2001). The densest terrestrial vertebrate. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17, 331-338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467401001225
- Rull, V. (2006) Quaternary speciation in the Neotropics. Molecular Ecology, 15, 4257-4259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03052.x
- Scantlebury, D.P., Ng, J., Landestoy, M., Geneva, A. & Glor, R.E. (2011) Notes on activity patterns of five species of Sphaerodactylus (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from the Dominican Republic. IRCF Reptiles and Amphibians, 18, 51-55.
- Scantlebury, D.P. (2014) Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians. PhD dissertation, New York, 220 pp.
- Schmidt, K.P. (1920) Contributions to the herpetology of Porto Rico. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 28, 167- 200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1918.tb55351.x
- Schmidt, K.P. (1928) Amphibians and land reptiles of Porto Rico, with a list of those reported from the Virgin Islands. New York Academy of Sciences Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 10, 1-160.
- Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods, 9, 671-675. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
- Singhal, S., Hoskin, C.J., Couper, P., Potter, S. & Moritz, C. (2018) A framework for resolving cryptic species: A case study from the lizards of the Australian wet tropics. Systematic Biology, 67, 1061-1075. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy026
- Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30, 1312-1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
- Steinberg, D.S., Powell, S.D., Powell, R., Parmerlee, J.S. & Henderson, R.W. (2007) Population densities, water-loss rates, and diets of Sphaerodactylus vincenti on St. Vincent, West Indies. Journal of Herpetology, 41, 330-336. https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[330:PDWRAD]2.0.CO;2
- Stejneger, L. (1904) Herpetology of Porto Rico. Report of the United States National Museum, 1902, 549-724. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11835
- Stephens, M., Smith, N.J. & Donnelly, P. (2001) A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data. American Journal of Human Genetics, 68, 978-989. https://doi.org/10.1086/319501
- Sukumaran, J. & Knowles, L.L. (2017) Multispecies coalescent delimits structure, not species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 1607-1612. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607921114
- Thomas, R. (1965) A new gecko from the Virgin Islands. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 28, 117-122.
- Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193-260.
- Thomas, R., Hedges, S.B. & Garrido, O.H. (1992) Two new species of Sphaerodactylus from Eastern Cuba (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Herpetologica, 48, 358-367. https://doi.org/10.2307/1564883
- Thorpe, R.S., Jones, A.G., Malhotra, A. & Surget-Groba, Y. (2008) Adaptive radiation in Lesser Antillean lizards: Molecular phylogenetics and species recognition in the Lesser Antillean dwarf gecko complex, Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Molecular Ecology, 17, 1489-1504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03686.x
- Torstrom, S.M., Pangle, K.L. & Swanson, B.J. (2014) Shedding subspecies: The influence of genetics on reptile subspecies taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 76, 134-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.011.
- Werneck, F.P., Gamble, T., Colli, G.R., Rodrigues, M.T. & Sites, J.W. (2012) Deep diversification and long-term persistence in the South American 'dry diagonal': Integrating continent-wide phylogeography and distribution modeling of geckos. Evolution, 66, 3014-3034. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01682.x
- Williams, E.E. (1983) Ecomorphs, faunas, island size, and diverse end points in island radiations of Anolis. In: Huey, R.B., Pianka, E.R. & Schoener, T.W. (Eds.), Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 326-370. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674183384.c18
- Wilson, E.O. & Brown Jr., W.L. (1953) The subspecies concept and its taxonomic application. Systematic Zoology, 2, 97-111. https://doi.org/10.2307/2411818
- Ziegler, T., Truong, N.Q., Schmitz, A., Stenke, R. & Rosler, H. (2008) A new species of Goniurosaurus from Cat Ba Island, Hai Phong, northern Vietnam (Squamata: Eublepharidae). Zootaxa, 1771 (1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1771.1.2
- Zink, R.M. (2004) The role of subspecies in obscuring avian biological diversity and misleading conservation policy. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271, 561-564. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2617
- Zink, R.M. & Barrowclough, G.F. (2008) Mitochondrial DNA under siege in avian phylogeography. Molecular Ecology, 17, 2107-2121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03737.x