CASE;EXCERPT #;Coder;Content excerpted from impact case;IC;II_A_1;II_B_1;II_C_1;II_D_1;II_E_1;II_F_1;II_G_1;II_H_1;II_I_1;IP_1;BEN_A_1;BEN_B_1;BEN_C_1;BEN_D_1;BEN_E_1;BEN_F_1;BEN_G_1;BEN_H_1;BEN_I_1;ICF_1
1;3;coder_1;The Round 5 module [of ESS survey questions] on Trust in Justice […] was designed to provide evidence on procedural justice. […] The project’s impact has been to persuade key policy people in UK Government and the justice system that institutional legitimacy is central to the formation and application of justice policy. Its impact is identifiable by changes in the attitudes of key [policy] stakeholders, reflected in commendations of the work (National Audit Office), commissioning of further related work (Ministry of Justice) and applications of principles [to the justice practice field] (HM Inspectorate of Constabulary) where ‘legitimacy targets’ have been added to senior officers’ Key Performance Indicators.;5;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
1;3;coder_2;The Round 5 module [of ESS survey questions] on Trust in Justice […] was designed to provide evidence on procedural justice. […] The project’s impact has been to persuade key policy people in UK Government and the justice system that institutional legitimacy is central to the formation and application of justice policy. Its impact is identifiable by changes in the attitudes of key [policy] stakeholders, reflected in commendations of the work (National Audit Office), commissioning of further related work (Ministry of Justice) and applications of principles [to the justice practice field] (HM Inspectorate of Constabulary) where ‘legitimacy targets’ have been added to senior officers’ Key Performance Indicators.;5;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
1;4;coder_1;the ESS Director and his team were invited to convene a seminar at the [international policy institution known as the] OECD in Europe in January 2013 to discuss findings from the ESS module on work and the recession, feeding into [the OECD’s] wider programme of [research practice] work on this topic [of work and recession].;2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
1;4;coder_2;the ESS Director and his team were invited to convene a seminar at the [international policy institution known as the] OECD in Europe in January 2013 to discuss findings from the ESS module on work and the recession, feeding into [the OECD’s] wider programme of [research practice] work on this topic [of work and recession].;2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
2;3;coder_1;"The [research] database […] enabled the Museum to better inform visitors of the content and significance of the items they were viewing. […] The Museum has hosted about 4,000 pupils and teachers from 54 schools for formal group activities; public family events for a total of c.2,000 young visitors; adult visit events for a total of c.6,000 visitors. ";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
2;3;coder_2;"The [research] database […] enabled the Museum to better inform visitors of the content and significance of the items they were viewing. […] The Museum has hosted about 4,000 pupils and teachers from 54 schools for formal group activities; public family events for a total of c.2,000 young visitors; adult visit events for a total of c.6,000 visitors. ";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
4;1;coder_1;"The YSJU team participated in the 2005 and 2006 BPS Annual Conference. [T]he presentation highlighted the prevalence of cyberbullying in the form of offensive or threatening text messages in a representative sample of secondary school pupils. [...] Findings from this study were then cited in the UK Commons Parliamentary Select Committee report on bullying. [...] The 2006 presentation of this YSJU work attracted a wealth of media attention resulting in articles on the research in for example the Guardian, Sky News, the Daily Mail and the Telegraph, and radio interviews with regional stations including Real Radio and Radio York.

Interviews were accordingly conducted for the CBBC children’s ‘Newsround’ website and Cosmogirl Magazine. Such media coverage raised public awareness of the issue of cyberbullying. This contributed to a number of discussions with teachers and youth workers, leading to the development of interventions to attempt to address the issue in schools. The evidence from the research and the dissemination of the findings continue to feed into national, regional and schools’ anti-bullying work to this date.";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
4;1;coder_2;"The YSJU team participated in the 2005 and 2006 BPS Annual Conference. [T]he presentation highlighted the prevalence of cyberbullying in the form of offensive or threatening text messages in a representative sample of secondary school pupils. [...] Findings from this study were then cited in the UK Commons Parliamentary Select Committee report on bullying. [...] The 2006 presentation of this YSJU work attracted a wealth of media attention resulting in articles on the research in for example the Guardian, Sky News, the Daily Mail and the Telegraph, and radio interviews with regional stations including Real Radio and Radio York.

Interviews were accordingly conducted for the CBBC children’s ‘Newsround’ website and Cosmogirl Magazine. Such media coverage raised public awareness of the issue of cyberbullying. This contributed to a number of discussions with teachers and youth workers, leading to the development of interventions to attempt to address the issue in schools. The evidence from the research and the dissemination of the findings continue to feed into national, regional and schools’ anti-bullying work to this date.";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
4;2;coder_1;The team also contributed to [...] the development work of the Department for Children, Families and Schools (DCFS) Cyberbullying Taskforce in London. This taskforce wrote and disseminated guidance on how to tackle cyberbullying in schools and other child and youth based organisations involving youth organisations from the voluntary sector and internet providers. This guidance is still available on the ‘Childnet’ website, clarifying what cyberbullying actually is for professionals working with children and young people, and providing key points on how to tackle this form of bullying, such as through the integration of cyberbullying into a schools’ anti-bullying policy.;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
4;2;coder_2;The team also contributed to [...] the development work of the Department for Children, Families and Schools (DCFS) Cyberbullying Taskforce in London. This taskforce wrote and disseminated guidance on how to tackle cyberbullying in schools and other child and youth based organisations involving youth organisations from the voluntary sector and internet providers. This guidance is still available on the ‘Childnet’ website, clarifying what cyberbullying actually is for professionals working with children and young people, and providing key points on how to tackle this form of bullying, such as through the integration of cyberbullying into a schools’ anti-bullying policy.;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
4;3;coder_1;"[W]orkshops on cyberbullying for teachers and other professionals working with children and young people [were developed], to enable interventions to be designed; including practical advice and guidance on identifying cyberbullying, what to do to support children and young people if they are being cyberbullied, and how schools can integrate cyberbullying into their anti-bullying policies. [...] Many of these events were training days, to enable practitioners to take on board the key messages and integrate these into their work. These events were attended by representatives from Local Authorities, the teaching profession, social workers and other practitioners working with young people. In addition, some of the workshops were with children, young people, and parents, to raise awareness of the issue of cyberbullying and offer key messages about online safety to help address the issue.";3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
4;3;coder_2;"[W]orkshops on cyberbullying for teachers and other professionals working with children and young people [were developed], to enable interventions to be designed; including practical advice and guidance on identifying cyberbullying, what to do to support children and young people if they are being cyberbullied, and how schools can integrate cyberbullying into their anti-bullying policies. [...] Many of these events were training days, to enable practitioners to take on board the key messages and integrate these into their work. These events were attended by representatives from Local Authorities, the teaching profession, social workers and other practitioners working with young people. In addition, some of the workshops were with children, young people, and parents, to raise awareness of the issue of cyberbullying and offer key messages about online safety to help address the issue.";3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
5;2;coder_1;"[The GOLD program] is currently used for pharmaceutical research in over 50 different countries. The three programs (GOLD; GASP and GALAHAD) [...] have been very successful commercially. [...] The software licensees include many of the world’s leading chemical companies, [including the use] [...] by world-leading pharmaceutical companies to support research in cancer (Genentech), heart disease (Pfizer and Proctor & Gamble), cellular signalling (GSK), cognitive impairment such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s (Abbott), and obesity (Takeda) inter alia.";7;1;1;1;0;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
5;2;coder_2;"[The GOLD program] is currently used for pharmaceutical research in over 50 different countries. The three programs (GOLD; GASP and GALAHAD) [...] have been very successful commercially. [...] The software licensees include many of the world’s leading chemical companies, [including the use] [...] by world-leading pharmaceutical companies to support research in cancer (Genentech), heart disease (Pfizer and Proctor & Gamble), cellular signalling (GSK), cognitive impairment such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s (Abbott), and obesity (Takeda) inter alia.";7;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
6;1;coder_1;Research on normal fault growth and syn-rift sedimentation was undertaken as part of the Rifts Analogues Project (TRAP). [...] This new knowledge was embedded into sponsor company workflows through professional training workshops in classroom and field and supported by the development of numerical modelling procedures.;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
6;1;coder_2;Research on normal fault growth and syn-rift sedimentation was undertaken as part of the Rifts Analogues Project (TRAP). [...] This new knowledge was embedded into sponsor company workflows through professional training workshops in classroom and field and supported by the development of numerical modelling procedures.;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
6;2;coder_1;The Virtual Reality Geological Studio (VRGS) software has being commercialised by UMIP [and] [...] has been used to feed reservoir modelling software used by the industry.;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
6;2;coder_2;The Virtual Reality Geological Studio (VRGS) software has being commercialised by UMIP [and] [...] has been used to feed reservoir modelling software used by the industry.;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
7;1;coder_1;CEM’s performance monitoring systems have made a significant impact in terms of their reach [...]. From 2008-13, a total of 9,609 schools contributed their assessment data to CEM’s systems, with around 6,000 of these adopting the educational assessment systems consistently year on year, resulting in a total income from the research network of almost £27 million. [...] [I]n the 2012/13 academic year, 18 out of the 32 Scottish authorities recommended that their schools used the data to monitor performance so that support and resources could be appropriately targeted.;7;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;3
7;1;coder_2;CEM’s performance monitoring systems have made a significant impact in terms of their reach [...]. From 2008-13, a total of 9,609 schools contributed their assessment data to CEM’s systems, with around 6,000 of these adopting the educational assessment systems consistently year on year, resulting in a total income from the research network of almost £27 million. [...] [I]n the 2012/13 academic year, 18 out of the 32 Scottish authorities recommended that their schools used the data to monitor performance so that support and resources could be appropriately targeted.;7;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;3
7;2;coder_1;"Pupils’ assessment results and their analysis have been used at different levels in educational systems to impact on schools’ and systems’ practice and policy.

For example, [t]he impact in this instance is the benefits of the use of CEM’s data across Fife reported in the presentation, as well as the further sharing of methods of effective use of CEM data to track the performance of schools and groups such as children from economically deprived backgrounds, which inform local policy decisions about resourcing and intervention.

[S]chools were advised to [...] use CEM’s research and assessment data to inform their practice, identifying strengths and weaknesses of children so that education could be tailored to their needs.";3;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
7;2;coder_2;"Pupils’ assessment results and their analysis have been used at different levels in educational systems to impact on schools’ and systems’ practice and policy.

For example, [t]he impact in this instance is the benefits of the use of CEM’s data across Fife reported in the presentation, as well as the further sharing of methods of effective use of CEM data to track the performance of schools and groups such as children from economically deprived backgrounds, which inform local policy decisions about resourcing and intervention.

[S]chools were advised to [...] use CEM’s research and assessment data to inform their practice, identifying strengths and weaknesses of children so that education could be tailored to their needs.";3;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
8;1;coder_1;For the influenza study, data were analysed [to feedback results in real life]. In this way the UKOSS findings were central to immediate policy development, for guidance on the management of pregnant women infected the with 2009/H1N1 virus [...]. National advice and the clinical algorithm was changed as a result leading to the earlier initiation of antiviral therapy [particulary for pregnant women] [...].;2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;0;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
8;1;coder_2;For the influenza study, data were analysed [to feedback results in real life]. In this way the UKOSS findings were central to immediate policy development, for guidance on the management of pregnant women infected the with 2009/H1N1 virus [...]. National advice and the clinical algorithm was changed as a result leading to the earlier initiation of antiviral therapy [particulary for pregnant women] [...].;2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;0;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
8;3;coder_1;The impact of the research was achieved by the direct input of real-time research results [...] into the decision making systems at the Department of Health for England. Results were also shared with the Influenza planning group. [...] Later impact is demonstrated by the subsequent recommendation, which incorporated the study data [...].;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
8;3;coder_2;The impact of the research was achieved by the direct input of real-time research results [...] into the decision making systems at the Department of Health for England. Results were also shared with the Influenza planning group. [...] Later impact is demonstrated by the subsequent recommendation, which incorporated the study data [...].;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
8;4;coder_1;[Data collected by UKOSS showed that 13 pregnant women deaths could have been prevented by prior inmunisation.] The resulting substantial changes in practice, which were instituted as a result of the UKOSS study findings, were, and continue to be, instrumental in preventing the deaths and serious morbidity for pregnant women and their babies in the UK and elsewhere. [The study] referenced in current media campaigns to highlight the importance of on-going immunisation to women [...].;6;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
8;4;coder_2;[Data collected by UKOSS showed that 13 pregnant women deaths could have been prevented by prior inmunisation.] The resulting substantial changes in practice, which were instituted as a result of the UKOSS study findings, were, and continue to be, instrumental in preventing the deaths and serious morbidity for pregnant women and their babies in the UK and elsewhere. [The study] referenced in current media campaigns to highlight the importance of on-going immunisation to women [...].;6;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
9;1;coder_1;[...] [D]ata from an interim analysis on the rates of systemic and local reactions to immunisation were provided to the JCVI in mid-November, and gave reassurance that concerns regarding theoretical risks of high rates of febrile convulsions with these vaccines were unfounded. ;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
9;1;coder_2;[...] [D]ata from an interim analysis on the rates of systemic and local reactions to immunisation were provided to the JCVI in mid-November, and gave reassurance that concerns regarding theoretical risks of high rates of febrile convulsions with these vaccines were unfounded. ;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
9;2;coder_1;These data were a key element in this committee’s subsequent recommendation to the Department of Health that an influenza vaccine be offered to all children less than 5 years of age. ;6;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;0;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
9;2;coder_2;These data were a key element in this committee’s subsequent recommendation to the Department of Health that an influenza vaccine be offered to all children less than 5 years of age. ;6;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;0;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
9;3;coder_1;Although it is not possible to precisely determine the effect of the immunisation campaign on reducing childhood desease [...], [i]t is arguable that without the expedited influenza A H1N1 study, immunisation rates in children would have been considerably lower with a resultant increase in the paediatric disease burden.;6;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
9;3;coder_2;Although it is not possible to precisely determine the effect of the immunisation campaign on reducing childhood desease [...], [i]t is arguable that without the expedited influenza A H1N1 study, immunisation rates in children would have been considerably lower with a resultant increase in the paediatric disease burden.;6;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
9;4;coder_1;The study received extensive coverage in local and national media and its high media profile provided very public evidence that [...] [d]ata on vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity was important not only in informing the national immunisation strategy, but also in providing an evidence base for clinicians in their discussions regarding immunisation with parents.;4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
9;4;coder_2;The study received extensive coverage in local and national media and its high media profile provided very public evidence that [...] [d]ata on vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity was important not only in informing the national immunisation strategy, but also in providing an evidence base for clinicians in their discussions regarding immunisation with parents.;4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
10;1;coder_1;"A change in the law through the Equality Act 2010 on pre-employment screening for people with HIV [...] In November 2008 NAT submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Committee in the House of Commons [and]
oral evidence in January 2009 [...] NAT cited the East London data during advocacy for an amendment to the Equality Bill both in its submission to Government and in the notes for a Peer who was to speak to the issue in debate. As a result of submissions from NAT and two other organisations, an amendment was agreed and the law was changed; it is now prohibited to ask people about health and disability, including HIV, on pre-employment screening questionnaires before the offer of a job has been made.";2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;3
10;1;coder_2;"A change in the law through the Equality Act 2010 on pre-employment screening for people with HIV [...] In November 2008 NAT submitted written evidence to the Work and Pensions Committee in the House of Commons [and]
oral evidence in January 2009 [...] NAT cited the East London data during advocacy for an amendment to the Equality Bill both in its submission to Government and in the notes for a Peer who was to speak to the issue in debate. As a result of submissions from NAT and two other organisations, an amendment was agreed and the law was changed; it is now prohibited to ask people about health and disability, including HIV, on pre-employment screening questionnaires before the offer of a job has been made.";2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;3
10;2;coder_1;"In August 2009 NAT published a report based on this research called Working with HIV. [...] This report has fed into two further guides that form part of NAT’s online resources for employers and employees. It is important that employers have a
better understanding of the employment issues for people living with HIV so they can recruit staff from diverse backgrounds.";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
10;2;coder_2;"In August 2009 NAT published a report based on this research called Working with HIV. [...] This report has fed into two further guides that form part of NAT’s online resources for employers and employees. It is important that employers have a
better understanding of the employment issues for people living with HIV so they can recruit staff from diverse backgrounds.";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
10;3;coder_1;The removal of charges for hospital treatment for people with HIV who do not have leave to remain in the UK [...] NAT's paper, drawing on the East London data, was part of the formal submission of NAT with the Terrence Higgins Trust (THT) and African HIV Policy Network to the Department of Health’s (DH) internal review on NHS charging for HIV treatment12. The DH officials expressed particular appreciation for this information [...] The estimates (with explicit reference to the East London Project) were also cited in the NAT briefing for MPs and Peers that accompanied the Parliamentary debates on this issue during the passage of the Health and Social Care Bill in 2011 and 2012. As a result of this briefing, all charges were abolished from 1 October 2012 and HIV treatment and care are now freely available in England for anyone diagnosed with HIV [...];2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
10;3;coder_2;The removal of charges for hospital treatment for people with HIV who do not have leave to remain in the UK [...] NAT's paper, drawing on the East London data, was part of the formal submission of NAT with the Terrence Higgins Trust (THT) and African HIV Policy Network to the Department of Health’s (DH) internal review on NHS charging for HIV treatment12. The DH officials expressed particular appreciation for this information [...] The estimates (with explicit reference to the East London Project) were also cited in the NAT briefing for MPs and Peers that accompanied the Parliamentary debates on this issue during the passage of the Health and Social Care Bill in 2011 and 2012. As a result of this briefing, all charges were abolished from 1 October 2012 and HIV treatment and care are now freely available in England for anyone diagnosed with HIV [...];2;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
10;4;coder_1;NAT used data on social and economic hardship collected as part of the East London Project to undertake work around poverty, benefits and social care for people living with HIV. East London data were cited in NAT's report The AIDS Support Grant: Making a difference?. This report was successfully used to advocate for the retention of a specific funding line for HIV social care in the Impact case study (REF3b) Page 4 Comprehensive Review for 2011–2015. As a consequence local councils in England are able to commission and fund social care for people living with HIV. [This research] had a significant impact in the domains of health and welfare, social policy, public policy and services,;6;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;2;0;0;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
10;4;coder_2;NAT used data on social and economic hardship collected as part of the East London Project to undertake work around poverty, benefits and social care for people living with HIV. East London data were cited in NAT's report The AIDS Support Grant: Making a difference?. This report was successfully used to advocate for the retention of a specific funding line for HIV social care in the Impact case study (REF3b) Page 4 Comprehensive Review for 2011–2015. As a consequence local councils in England are able to commission and fund social care for people living with HIV. [This research] had a significant impact in the domains of health and welfare, social policy, public policy and services,;6;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;2;0;0;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
11;1;coder_1;As a result of the Guides to Good Practice, in 2008 the ADS was asked to lead on digital information standards within the EU-funded Archaeology in Contemporary Europe project [...] The Guides are also embedded in the UK’s teaching curriculum as standard textbooks for digital archiving courses.;3;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
11;1;coder_2;As a result of the Guides to Good Practice, in 2008 the ADS was asked to lead on digital information standards within the EU-funded Archaeology in Contemporary Europe project [...] The Guides are also embedded in the UK’s teaching curriculum as standard textbooks for digital archiving courses.;3;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;3
11;4;coder_1;"[A]most half of all users are outside the HE sector: 10% central/local government; 8% private consultants; 4% private research organisation; 5% business; 11% community /charity organisation; 8% other; 86% of users are maintaining or increasing their use resulting in continued access levels year on year (Figure 1)";10;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;0;0;1;1;3
11;4;coder_2;"[A]most half of all users are outside the HE sector: 10% central/local government; 8% private consultants; 4% private research organisation; 5% business; 11% community /charity organisation; 8% other; 86% of users are maintaining or increasing their use resulting in continued access levels year on year (Figure 1)";10;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;0;0;1;1;3
11;5;coder_1;"97% of users agree that the ADS has reduced the cost of data acquisition and processing [and has also] had a “very significant impact in the wider archaeological community” [...] [T]he work of 53% of UK archaeologists would be severely impacted if the ADS did not exist; every £1 invested in the ADS yields a return to the UK economy of up to £8.30 over 30 years and ADS is worth £5m per annum to the UK economy";7;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;0;0;1;1;3
11;5;coder_2;"97% of users agree that the ADS has reduced the cost of data acquisition and processing [and has also] had a “very significant impact in the wider archaeological community” [...] [T]he work of 53% of UK archaeologists would be severely impacted if the ADS did not exist; every £1 invested in the ADS yields a return to the UK economy of up to £8.30 over 30 years and ADS is worth £5m per annum to the UK economy";7;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;0;0;1;1;3
12;1;coder_1;[The novel methodologies proposed] have provided policymakers, both in the UK and internationally, with reliable data ranging from average household income to unemployment figures right down to neighbourhood level. [...] The model-based estimates of mean income developed by Southampton researchers helped the ONS plug a gap in its national statistics provision enabling the ONS to supply the DWP with small area income estimates.;3;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
12;1;coder_2;[The novel methodologies proposed] have provided policymakers, both in the UK and internationally, with reliable data ranging from average household income to unemployment figures right down to neighbourhood level. [...] The model-based estimates of mean income developed by Southampton researchers helped the ONS plug a gap in its national statistics provision enabling the ONS to supply the DWP with small area income estimates.;3;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
12;2;coder_1;The Greater London Authority used small area estimates in its 2010 Focus on London report, Income and Spending at Home [...], an important source of information for developing new policies in housing and transport proposed in the new London plan.;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
12;2;coder_2;The Greater London Authority used small area estimates in its 2010 Focus on London report, Income and Spending at Home [...], an important source of information for developing new policies in housing and transport proposed in the new London plan.;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
12;3;coder_1;Another local authority, the London Borough of Newham, used the estimates in their Information Management System allowing members of the public to summarise and map data via data interrogation tools on the borough’s website. Newham further used the data to answer queries from members of the public and from other local authority officers.;9;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
12;3;coder_2;Another local authority, the London Borough of Newham, used the estimates in their Information Management System allowing members of the public to summarise and map data via data interrogation tools on the borough’s website. Newham further used the data to answer queries from members of the public and from other local authority officers.;4;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
12;4;coder_1;The impact of Southampton’s research has extended overseas. [...] Methodologies developed by the Southampton team since 2001 have allowed CONEVAL to measure access to health, education and food at neighbourhood level as part of its brief to define, identify and measure poverty across the country. [...] Southampton’s modelling methods [further] enabled the Netherlands’ Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS) to deliver more accurate estimates of business turnover, which have guided policy changes at a national level.;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;0;1;1;1;3
12;4;coder_2;The impact of Southampton’s research has extended overseas. [...] Methodologies developed by the Southampton team since 2001 have allowed CONEVAL to measure access to health, education and food at neighbourhood level as part of its brief to define, identify and measure poverty across the country. [...] Southampton’s modelling methods [further] enabled the Netherlands’ Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS) to deliver more accurate estimates of business turnover, which have guided policy changes at a national level.;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;0;1;1;1;3
13;1;coder_1;King’s stroke research has had substantial impact through translation into national and local policies for stroke care, leading to improved commissioning and delivery of stroke services. This has contributed to reductions in mortality and cost savings for health services, mainly through transformation of services in cities and the implementation of Early Supported Discharge, the latter also being rolled out internationally. The ultimate beneficiaries of these impacts are patients with stroke, as well as their family members, who benefit from better health, less disability and longer lives. Other stakeholders benefit from our research through high quality evidence to inform policy. Such beneficiaries include the government and non-governmental policy-makers, commissioners and providers of health and social care, and the voluntary sector including the Stroke Association and aphasia charities.;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3;1;0;1;0;0;0;0;1;1;3
13;1;coder_2;King’s stroke research has had substantial impact through translation into national and local policies for stroke care, leading to improved commissioning and delivery of stroke services. This has contributed to reductions in mortality and cost savings for health services, mainly through transformation of services in cities and the implementation of Early Supported Discharge, the latter also being rolled out internationally. The ultimate beneficiaries of these impacts are patients with stroke, as well as their family members, who benefit from better health, less disability and longer lives. Other stakeholders benefit from our research through high quality evidence to inform policy. Such beneficiaries include the government and non-governmental policy-makers, commissioners and providers of health and social care, and the voluntary sector including the Stroke Association and aphasia charities.;2;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3;1;0;1;0;0;0;0;1;1;3
13;2;coder_1;King’s stroke research influences national policy for stroke […] The South London Stroke Register team was commissioned by the National Audit Office (NAO) to write an annex to the report on stroke care. This utilised King’s estimates for risk of stroke, long term outcomes and  survival to inform recommendations for stroke care. King’s data were used to model cost-effective  options for stroke care (NAO, 2010: ‘Report on the findings from our modelling of stroke care  provision’, […] informing the Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee (2010) report on the need for a step change in stroke care.;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
13;2;coder_2;King’s stroke research influences national policy for stroke […] The South London Stroke Register team was commissioned by the National Audit Office (NAO) to write an annex to the report on stroke care. This utilised King’s estimates for risk of stroke, long term outcomes and  survival to inform recommendations for stroke care. King’s data were used to model cost-effective  options for stroke care (NAO, 2010: ‘Report on the findings from our modelling of stroke care  provision’, […] informing the Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee (2010) report on the need for a step change in stroke care.;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
13;3;coder_1;Earlier editions of the ICSWP National Stroke Guidelines, which also cite King’s stroke research, have been used to inform the 2008 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on stroke and the 2010 Stroke Quality Standard, the latter recommending Early Supported Discharge as a component of the rehabilitation pathway.;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
13;3;coder_2;Earlier editions of the ICSWP National Stroke Guidelines, which also cite King’s stroke research, have been used to inform the 2008 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on stroke and the 2010 Stroke Quality Standard, the latter recommending Early Supported Discharge as a component of the rehabilitation pathway.;3;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;3
15;1;coder_1;"Economic Gain:
[T]he research provided valuable insights into the most current and efficient mathematical modelling techniques in the market research industry and particularly in consumer buying behaviour. Related research by Professor Zhigljavsky and his team has had significant impact for other companies [appart from Nielsen, the top market research organisation]. As a direct consequence of this research Nielsen has invested US$10 million and a further US$20 million in research and forecasting operations. […] The subsequent economic rewards that have and will continue to be reaped from this extensive investment have remained confidential but are expected to significantly exceed US$50 million (5.2).";7;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
15;1;coder_2;"Economic Gain:
[T]he research provided valuable insights into the most current and efficient mathematical modelling techniques in the market research industry and particularly in consumer buying behaviour. Related research by Professor Zhigljavsky and his team has had significant impact for other companies [appart from Nielsen, the top market research organisation]. As a direct consequence of this research Nielsen has invested US$10 million and a further US$20 million in research and forecasting operations. […] The subsequent economic rewards that have and will continue to be reaped from this extensive investment have remained confidential but are expected to significantly exceed US$50 million (5.2).";7;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
16;1;coder_1;"ESTEEM (Engineering Strategy for Economic and Efficient Management), [...]  applied [Bayes linear methodologies] based on the ABLE programme, to Metronet's assets, namely the maintainable items in all of the stations, bridges and other structures, that require an estimated £5 billion investment over a 50 year period. [...] [to provide the company with a] strategic planning process for maintenance and renewal of its civil engineering assets [...] A 2009 audit report1 stated that the anticipated benefit of the ESTEEM project was a 20% saving, equalling about £600m. STEEM also improved passenger safety by combining safety, business and financial risk factors into a single modelling process.

[A]nalysis was used as the basis for developing and comparing whole-life maintenance strategies for all of these assets, as part of the decision support structure outlined in the Esteem documents [...] [B]enefits reaped from this project is in the waterproofing of structures [...] A further example is the information systems used in London Underground stations. ESTEEM has become a critical operational system used to maintain and update these systems, [...] In summayr, the ESTEEM project, and the Bayesian work underpinning it, has been of great benefit to TfL, with current cost savings in the order of £5m-£10m for Civil assets and development of investment policy options.";7;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;3
16;1;coder_2;"ESTEEM (Engineering Strategy for Economic and Efficient Management), [...]  applied [Bayes linear methodologies] based on the ABLE programme, to Metronet's assets, namely the maintainable items in all of the stations, bridges and other structures, that require an estimated £5 billion investment over a 50 year period. [...] [to provide the company with a] strategic planning process for maintenance and renewal of its civil engineering assets [...] A 2009 audit report1 stated that the anticipated benefit of the ESTEEM project was a 20% saving, equalling about £600m. STEEM also improved passenger safety by combining safety, business and financial risk factors into a single modelling process.

[A]nalysis was used as the basis for developing and comparing whole-life maintenance strategies for all of these assets, as part of the decision support structure outlined in the Esteem documents [...] [B]enefits reaped from this project is in the waterproofing of structures [...] A further example is the information systems used in London Underground stations. ESTEEM has become a critical operational system used to maintain and update these systems, [...] In summayr, the ESTEEM project, and the Bayesian work underpinning it, has been of great benefit to TfL, with current cost savings in the order of £5m-£10m for Civil assets and development of investment policy options.";7;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;3
16;2;coder_1;"Unilever and FERA collaborated on a hazard assessment model based on the Bayes linear kinematic methodology, as part of Unilever’s overall research effort to find novel approaches for assuring customer safety [...] This approach to synthesising multiple lines of evidence and estimating hazard was judged to provide a transparent mechanism to construct, defend and communicate risk management decisions.

Bayes linear theory is applied to solve the skin sensitization risk assessment problem[.] [...] The objective of this model was to make transparent, coherent and robust, an expert 'weight of evidence' analysis using the Bayes Linear method. This model was to allow comparison to be made between tests on how informative they were on the median threshold in humans.""";6;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
16;2;coder_2;"Unilever and FERA collaborated on a hazard assessment model based on the Bayes linear kinematic methodology, as part of Unilever’s overall research effort to find novel approaches for assuring customer safety [...] This approach to synthesising multiple lines of evidence and estimating hazard was judged to provide a transparent mechanism to construct, defend and communicate risk management decisions.

Bayes linear theory is applied to solve the skin sensitization risk assessment problem[.] [...] The objective of this model was to make transparent, coherent and robust, an expert 'weight of evidence' analysis using the Bayes Linear method. This model was to allow comparison to be made between tests on how informative they were on the median threshold in humans.""";6;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
17;1;coder_1;"Pathways to impact
Dissemination of [...] findings beyond academic publications and presentations. Real-time data on the worldwide incidence of variant CJD is freely available on the Unit’s website [...] The team presents an annual report to the UK Department of Health (DoH) and regularly provides data to the DoH in relation to parliamentary questions. In addition, senior staff make regular contributions to newspaper, radio and TV media.";4;0;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;2;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
17;1;coder_2;"Pathways to impact
Dissemination of [...] findings beyond academic publications and presentations. Real-time data on the worldwide incidence of variant CJD is freely available on the Unit’s website [...] The team presents an annual report to the UK Department of Health (DoH) and regularly provides data to the DoH in relation to parliamentary questions. In addition, senior staff make regular contributions to newspaper, radio and TV media.";4;0;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;2;0;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
17;2;coder_1;"Impact on public policy
[A]dvising national and international policymakers. Will and Ironside have been members of the WHO International Health Roster of Experts since January 2009. [...] UoE data on the incidence of vCJD have profoundly influenced policy in the UK, and internationally [...] diagnostic criteria [...] have been adopted by the WHO [World Health Organisation] and ECDC [the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control].";2;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
17;2;coder_2;"Impact on public policy
[A]dvising national and international policymakers. Will and Ironside have been members of the WHO International Health Roster of Experts since January 2009. [...] UoE data on the incidence of vCJD have profoundly influenced policy in the UK, and internationally [...] diagnostic criteria [...] have been adopted by the WHO [World Health Organisation] and ECDC [the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control].";2;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
17;3;coder_1;"Impact on clinical practice
The NCJDRSU‘s [...] has provided NHS clinicians and services with an important diagnostic aid, [...] [a] significant aid to clinical practice [...] The newly developed and highly specific CSF RT-QuIC test has been audited by the Unit and has recently begun to impact on clinical diagnosis.";3;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
17;3;coder_2;"Impact on clinical practice
The NCJDRSU‘s [...] has provided NHS clinicians and services with an important diagnostic aid, [...] [a] significant aid to clinical practice [...] The newly developed and highly specific CSF RT-QuIC test has been audited by the Unit and has recently begun to impact on clinical diagnosis.";3;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
18;1;coder_1;"[E]nables Bloom to assess huge data sets and identify the key influencers within these communities and allows Bloom’s clients to engage efficiently with these communities in real time, giving them insight into their customers’ brand affinity, mood, device use and location.

[E]nabled Bloom to identify the true influencers within a social network, and then use this information to plan viral content for their clients. This has enabled Bloom’s clients to gain greater value from their marketing activities and an improved understanding of their customers, leading to better targeting and changes in their digital marketing approach.";3;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
18;1;coder_2;"[E]nables Bloom to assess huge data sets and identify the key influencers within these communities and allows Bloom’s clients to engage efficiently with these communities in real time, giving them insight into their customers’ brand affinity, mood, device use and location.

[E]nabled Bloom to identify the true influencers within a social network, and then use this information to plan viral content for their clients. This has enabled Bloom’s clients to gain greater value from their marketing activities and an improved understanding of their customers, leading to better targeting and changes in their digital marketing approach.";3;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
18;2;coder_1;The company have also developed additional market opportunities by providing analytics services to other marketing agencies for use under their own names.;7;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
18;2;coder_2;The company have also developed additional market opportunities by providing analytics services to other marketing agencies for use under their own names.;7;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
18;3;coder_1;"Raising public awareness
Graphics produced by Whisper [...] have contributed to the public understanding of social network interactions. An example was on show at the Royal Society 2013 Summer Science Exhibition. [It] attracted over 10,000 members of the public including 2,000 school students[10], with many more reached through coverage on TV, in the media and online.";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
18;3;coder_2;"Raising public awareness
Graphics produced by Whisper [...] have contributed to the public understanding of social network interactions. An example was on show at the Royal Society 2013 Summer Science Exhibition. [It] attracted over 10,000 members of the public including 2,000 school students[10], with many more reached through coverage on TV, in the media and online.";4;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
19;4;coder_1;[The method has reduced] [...] the cost of the exam by at least two-fold.;7;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;3
19;4;coder_2;[The method has reduced] [...] the cost of the exam by at least two-fold.;7;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;3
20;2;coder_1;"KCL’s gene discoveries are in widespread use in diagnostic and research laboratories:
KCL researchers have worked with the Diagnostic DNA Service at Guy’s Hospital, , rapidly translating research discoveries into robust clinical tests, helping them set up, optimise and validate their genetic assays as well as interpret unexpected results.";3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
20;2;coder_2;"KCL’s gene discoveries are in widespread use in diagnostic and research laboratories:
KCL researchers have worked with the Diagnostic DNA Service at Guy’s Hospital, , rapidly translating research discoveries into robust clinical tests, helping them set up, optimise and validate their genetic assays as well as interpret unexpected results.";3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
20;3;coder_1;"KCL’s database is an invaluable resource for clinicians, researchers, patients and families:
[...] ALSOD database as a common source of information on SOD1 mutations [...] [which includes a] comprehensive account of mutations in all MND genes linked to anonymised clinical data [...] . It also gives patients and families general information about MND genetics and specific information on the gene affecting their family";4;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;0;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
20;3;coder_2;"KCL’s database is an invaluable resource for clinicians, researchers, patients and families:
[...] ALSOD database as a common source of information on SOD1 mutations [...] [which includes a] comprehensive account of mutations in all MND genes linked to anonymised clinical data [...] . It also gives patients and families general information about MND genetics and specific information on the gene affecting their family";4;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;2;0;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;3
21;1;coder_1;Research by the EOED has had a direct impact on the professional practice of individuals and organisations involved in monitoring vegetation change and developing and implementing conservation policies, from government, industry and agency scientists engaged in collating and interpreting data, to field conservationists. [...] the outputs and methodologies developed through this research have been incorporated into their collaborators’ everyday working practices. [...] has also had a secondary, indirect impact on the environment, supporting measures to protect endangered habitats in Australia and Europe.;3;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;0;1;0;1;3
21;1;coder_2;Research by the EOED has had a direct impact on the professional practice of individuals and organisations involved in monitoring vegetation change and developing and implementing conservation policies, from government, industry and agency scientists engaged in collating and interpreting data, to field conservationists. [...] the outputs and methodologies developed through this research have been incorporated into their collaborators’ everyday working practices. [...] has also had a secondary, indirect impact on the environment, supporting measures to protect endangered habitats in Australia and Europe.;3;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;2;1;1;1;0;0;0;0;0;1;3
22;3;coder_1;The work has been a [...] key component in having the US standards accept blended cements [...] US blended cement specifications were revised to include cements with up to 15% limestone [...] [which represents a] higher quality product with a lower carbon footprint [...];3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;3
22;3;coder_2;The work has been a [...] key component in having the US standards accept blended cements [...] US blended cement specifications were revised to include cements with up to 15% limestone [...] [which represents a] higher quality product with a lower carbon footprint [...];3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;3
100;6;coder_1;Inclusion of the task in CNTRICS guidelines [...] resulted in a set of criteria by which the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia could be objectively evaluated for the first time. The attentional set-shifting task was one of the core tasks adopted in new CNTRICS guidelines for clinical trials in schizophrenia.;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
100;6;coder_2;Inclusion of the task in CNTRICS guidelines [...] resulted in a set of criteria by which the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia could be objectively evaluated for the first time. The attentional set-shifting task was one of the core tasks adopted in new CNTRICS guidelines for clinical trials in schizophrenia.;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;1;3
101;2;coder_1;The development of the [...] algorithm led directly to a decision by the NHS to allow three-patient 'swaps' of donor kidneys [...] increasing the number of potential transplants even further. [...] A modified [...] algorithm has allowed altruistic donors [...] to be included in the National Living Donor Kidney Sharing Schemes.;3;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
101;2;coder_2;The development of the [...] algorithm led directly to a decision by the NHS to allow three-patient 'swaps' of donor kidneys [...] increasing the number of potential transplants even further. [...] A modified [...] algorithm has allowed altruistic donors [...] to be included in the National Living Donor Kidney Sharing Schemes.;3;1;1;1;0;0;1;1;1;1;2;1;0;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
101;3;coder_1;Improving patient quality of life. For patients, the benefits are numerous. [...] [M]ore patients enjoying a longer period of time living with a healthy kidney, returnin to work or otherwise resuming their normal lives.;6;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
101;3;coder_2;Improving patient quality of life. For patients, the benefits are numerous. [...] [M]ore patients enjoying a longer period of time living with a healthy kidney, returnin to work or otherwise resuming their normal lives.;6;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;3
101;4;coder_1;Financial benefits for the NHS. [This research] has economic benefits for the NHS as well as health benefits for the patients involved. [...] [T]he University of Glasgow researchers have potentially saved the NHS around £16 million over the next 10 years.;7;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
101;4;coder_2;Financial benefits for the NHS. [This research] has economic benefits for the NHS as well as health benefits for the patients involved. [...] [T]he University of Glasgow researchers have potentially saved the NHS around £16 million over the next 10 years.;7;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;1;3
102;1;coder_1;Shell has identified the benefits of the software [including] [t]he early identification of rising contaminant concentration trends, leading to reduced response time in the event of leaks or spills, [s]ignificantly reduced time and resource expenditure [and] [s]ignificant cost savings.;3;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
102;1;coder_2;Shell has identified the benefits of the software [including] [t]he early identification of rising contaminant concentration trends, leading to reduced response time in the event of leaks or spills, [s]ignificantly reduced time and resource expenditure [and] [s]ignificant cost savings.;3;1;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
102;2;coder_1;Key staff [...] commented that [d]ata analysis and reporting that previously required weeks of effort can now be completed automatically. The GWSDAT spatiotemporal modelling research programme has yielded total savings for Shell in excess of $10M over the past 3 years.;7;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3
102;2;coder_2;Key staff [...] commented that [d]ata analysis and reporting that previously required weeks of effort can now be completed automatically. The GWSDAT spatiotemporal modelling research programme has yielded total savings for Shell in excess of $10M over the past 3 years.;3;1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;2;1;1;1;1;1;0;1;1;1;3