August 12, 2019 Conference paper Open Access

Barik, Rajkishore; Sridharan, Manu; Ramanathan, Murali Krishna; Chabbi, Murali

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    <subfield code="a">Optimization of Swift Protocols</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;Title:&amp;nbsp;Optimization of Swift Protocols&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Abstract:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Swift, an increasingly-popular programming language, advocates the use of protocols, which define a set of required methods and properties for conforming types. &amp;nbsp;Protocols are commonly used in Swift programs for abstracting away implementation details; e.g., in an industrial app, they are heavily used to enable mock objects for unit testing. &amp;nbsp;Unfortunately, heavy use of protocols can result in significant performance overhead. &amp;nbsp;Beyond the dynamic dispatch often associated with such a feature, Swift allows for both value and reference types to conform to a protocol, leading to significant boxing and unboxing overheads.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In this paper, we describe three new optimizations and transformations we have developed to reduce the overhead of Swift protocols. &amp;nbsp;Within a procedure, we define LocalVar, a data-flow analysis and transformation to remove both dynamic dispatch and boxing overheads. &amp;nbsp;We also describe Param, which optimizes the case of protocol-typed method parameters using specialization. &amp;nbsp;Finally, we describe SoleType, a transformation that injects casts when a global analysis (like type-hierarchy analysis) discovers some protocol variable must have some concrete type. &amp;nbsp;We also describe how these optimizations work fruitfully together and with existing Swift optimizations to deliver further speedups.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We perform elaborate experimentation and demonstrate that our&amp;nbsp;optimizations deliver an average 1.56x speedup on a suite of Swift benchmarks that use protocols. Further, we applied the optimizations to a production iOS Swift application used by millions of customers daily. For a set of performance spans defined by the developers of the application, the optimized version showed speedups ranging from 6.9% to 55.49%. A version of our optimizations has been accepted as part of the official Swift compiler distribution.&lt;/p&gt;</subfield>
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