Diverse influential factors for the growth and juice sugar production of Arenga pinnata plantation

This paper reported the environment study that influenced the growth of the arenga pinnata plantation in Tapanuli Selatan Regency of Indonesia. Three reasons that made this research play an important; it revealed the factors that affect the growth of Arenga pinnata ; gave the calculation of production of this plant; and contributed to farmers, local government, and researcher. Its methodology applied two ways; one was an observation in the field work for the growth based on the altitude position of plantation sites; second included a chemical analysis and calculation of juice production of Arenga pinnata . Data found showed that the plantation sites affect the production of Arenga pinnata juice and sugar. If the site was on the 0-400 m above the sea level it made the low growth and less juice production of Arenga pinnata . In contrast, the highest growth and best juice production were found in the plantation site above 800 m from the sea level. Analysis reported that the higher the pH the production of juice and the higher amount of sugar produced and the decreasing of C-organic soil was decreased C or N ratio which was made N easy to decompose and was accelerated N usage. the range of K at the study sites is between 0.11-2.35 and it can be seen that the relationship between K and the production of juice and the amount of sugar produced generally has a positive relationship. It concluded that the influential factors for the growth and juice and sugar production of Arenga pinnata plantation included the position of sites, pH, c-organic soil, the elements of N and K of soil.


Introduction
The Arenga pinnata is one of the plants that do not require special climatic conditions and soil to support its growth. Central Java Forestry Service (2011)  Based on the problem above, it is necessary to study about the Arenga pinnata plant in relation with soil nutrient status of pH, C-organic, N, P, K and Mg.

This experiment was carried in South Tapanuli
Regency where we found many farmers cultivate the Arenga pinnata.

Materials and method
The materials that used in this research were such as: 1. Measuring instrument of Arenga pinnata The juice of Arenga pinnata as much as 3 liters heated for 1 hour and 30 minutes where the the juice of Arenga pinnata was become thick and brownish brown then the thick the juice of Arenga Pinnata is inserted into the mold that has been prepared.
After the Arenga pinnata is dry and cold then weighing the Arenga pinnata.

Results
The results of the study discussed the study of the productivity of palm trees based on nutrient status in high-sequence place in South Tapanuli Regency which was observed from several observed variables namely soil nutrients (pH, Organic C, N, P, K and Mg. The amount of sugar produced by the highest sugar is found in T2 (400 -800 m asl) with the amount of sugar of 2.09 kg, followed by T1 (0 -400 m asl) of 1.09 kg and the lowest in T3 (> 800 m asl) with a sugar amount of 1.07 kg.
From the data, it can be seen that the highest the juice of Arenga pinnata production is found in sample 4 plants in Marancar Village area with the production of the juice of Arenga pinnata about 25.8 l/tree/day at altitude of 600 m, while the lowest is found in sample 6 plants in Tano Tombangan Village area with production of 3.93 l/tree/day at an altitude of 290 m.
The highest sugar content was found in sample 4 plants in Tano Tombangan Village with sugar content of 17.33% and the lowest was found in the 1st sample plant in Sialaman Village with 10% sugar content.
While the highest sugar production was also found in sample 4 plants in Marancar Village area with sugar production of 3.53 kg /tree/day, and the lowest in sample 3 plants in Tano Tombangan Village with 0.59 kg/tree/day sugar production.   In all of the three attitude locations, the highest average production of the juice of Arenga pinnata was found in T2 (400 -800 m asl) with the juice of Arenga pinnata production of 15.04 l/day followed by T3 (> 800 m asl ) with the production of the juice of Arenga pinnata at 8.54 l/day and the lowest in the T1 area (0 -400 m asl) with the production of juice of 7.56 l/day.

Discussion
The research results showed the soil nutrient status and the characteristics of plant growth and altitude of place contributed to the production of the juice of Arenga pinnata and the amount of sugar produced.
The soil pH values encountered in the study sites were in the range of 4.65 to 6.90, at high acid levels to very low (Hanafiah, 2004).
Judging from the relationship between the soil pH and the production of the juice Arenga pinnata and sugar production, it generally has a positive relationship which means that the higher the pH the production of juice and the higher amount of sugar produced. This is because increasing soil pH was increase the availability of nutrients needed by plants, because soil pH is an important factor that determines the solubility of elements in the soil. As explained by Tan (1992)   The Arenga pinnata growth was observed based on various environments such as land positions, the soil chemistry and the altitude of the site of Arenga pinnata. It was found that the highest production of Arenga pinnata in T2 area (400 -800 m above sea level) with the juice production about 15.04 liters/day, followed by T3 area (> 800 m above sea level) with production around 8.54 liters/day, and the lowest production of the Arenga pinnata was found in T1 area (0 -400 m above sea level) with Arenga pinnata production reaches 7.56 liters/day. Therefore, the highest production of sugar was found in T2 area (400 -800 m above sea level) with sugar production approximately 2.09 kg, followed by T1 area (0 -400 m above sea level) with sugar production around 1.09 kg, and the lowest production of sugar was found in T3 area (> 800 m above sea level) with sugar production at least 1.07 kg/day.
From soil analysis results showed that the C-organic content encountered at the study sites was in the range of 0.53 -3.75. From the regression equation it turns out that C-organic in general has a negative relationship to the production of the juice of Arenga Pinnata and the amount of sugar produced.
It is known that one of the most important organic matter for the increase of soil organic matter content is organic carbon content (C), so with decreasing of Corganic soil was decreased C or N ratio which was made N easy to decompose and was accelerated N usage.
This is in accordance with Munawar's (2011) opinion, that the importance of the C/N ratio of an ingredient is related to the effect of the material on the availability of N to the plant, and the rate of decomposition of the material in the soil. The low C/N ratio means the material contains lots of N and was easy to decompose. Conversely, high C/N was be difficult to decompose and was cause N cultivation in Plants.
The nitrogen that is part of all living cells, which results in soil characteristics that were analyzed throughout the study of sites. It showed that N content was between 0.13 -0.82. From the regression equation, it is seen that in general the relationship between N with the production of the juice of Arenga pinnata and the amount of sugar produced has a positive relationship, which means the production was increased along with the increase of N.
The Arenga pinnata plants may have good roots so that the ability to absorb N was possibility higher. and it can be seen that the relationship between K and the production of juice and the amount of sugar produced generally has a positive relationship.
Furthermore, Sutedjo (2010), said that one of the functions of K for plants is to regulate the movement of stomata and matters relating to water or to maintain the necessary plant turgor in the process of photosynthesis and other processes in order to run well, and can accelerate the growth of tissue meristimatik . In addition, according to Taslim et al.
(1993) stated that K is also necessary for cell growth, sugar formation, starch and protein.

Conclusion
The production of juice or the amount of sugar produced depend on sites of plantation area. The highest production of the juice of Arenga pinnata was found in T2 area (400 -800 m asl) with the juice of Arenga pinnata production 15, 04 l/day followed by T3 (> 800 m asl) with the juice of Arenga Pinnata production of 8,54 day and the lowest in area T1 (0 -400 m asl) with the production of juice sebasar 7,56 l/day. The highest sugar production was found in T2 (400 -800 m above sea level) with 2.09 kg of sugar, followed by T1 (0 -400 m asl) of 1.09 kg and the lowest in T3 (> 800 m asl) with the amount of sugar