June 20, 2019 Journal article Open Access

Yusuke Minoshima; Matthias Seidel; Jamie R. Wood; Richard A. B. Leschen; Nicole L. Gunter; Martin Fikáček

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            <foaf:name>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic</foaf:name>
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        <foaf:name>Nicole L. Gunter</foaf:name>
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            <foaf:name>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, U.S.A.</foaf:name>
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            <foaf:name>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Praha, Czech Republic</foaf:name>
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    <dct:title>Morphology and biology of the flower-visiting water scavenger beetle genus Rygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)</dct:title>
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    <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">2019</dct:issued>
    <dcat:keyword>Cylominae</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>ecological divergence</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>gut contents</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>immature stages</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>larval morphology</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>mouthparts</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>pollen feeding</dcat:keyword>
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        <dct:identifier rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">10.13039/100010661</dct:identifier>
        <foaf:name>European Commission</foaf:name>
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    <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2019-06-20</dct:issued>
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    <dct:description>&lt;p&gt;Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles) is well known as an aquatic beetle family;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; however, it contains ca. 1,000 secondarily terrestrial species derived from aquatic&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; ancestors. The New Zealand endemic genus Rygmodus White is a member of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; hydrophilid subfamily Cylominae, which is the early-diverging taxon of the largest&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; terrestrial lineage (Cylominae + Sphaeridiinae) within the Hydrophilidae. In this paper&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; we demonstrate that Rygmodus beetles are pollen-feeding flower visitors as adults, but&lt;br&gt; aquatic predators as larvae. Based on analyses of gut contents and a summary of&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; collecting records reported on museum specimen labels, adult Rygmodus beetles are&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; generalists feeding on pollen of at least 13 plant families. Rygmodus adult mouthparts&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; differ from those of other (saprophagous) hydrophilid beetles in having the simple&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; scoop-like apex and mola with roughly denticulate surface, resembling the morphology&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; found in pollen-feeding staphylinid beetles. Larvae were found along the sides of&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; streams, under stones and in algal mats and water-soaked moss; one collected larval&lt;br&gt; specimens was identified using DNA barcoding of two molecular markers,&lt;br&gt; mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) and nuclear histone 3 (H3). Larvae of two&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; species, Rygmodus modestus and Rygmodus sp., are described in detail and illustrated;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; they closely resemble ambush-type predatory larvae of the hydrophilid tribe&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; Hydrophilini in the head morphology. Rygmodus is the only known hydrophilid beetle&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt; with adults and larvae inhabiting different environments.&lt;/p&gt;</dct:description>
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