Published June 17, 2019
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae)
Description
Normark, Benjamin B., Okusu, Akiko, Morse, Geoffrey E., Peterson, Daniel A., Itioka, Takao, Schneider, Scott A. (2019): Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae). Zootaxa 4616 (1): 1-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4616.1.1
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.
Linked records
Additional details
References
- Adachi, M.S. & Fullaway, D.T. (1953) Two new diaspidid scales on Araucaria. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 15, 87-91.
- Andersen, J.C. (2009) A phylogenetic analysis of armored scale insects, based upon nuclear, mitochondrial, and endosymbiont gene sequences. MS Thesis, Organsimic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 78 pp.
- Andersen, J.C., Wu, J., Gruwell, M.E., Gwiazdowski, R., Santana, S.E., Feliciano, N.M., Morse, G.E., & Normark, B.B. (2010) A phylogenetic analysis of armored scale insects, based upon nuclear, mitochondrial, and endosymbiont gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 992-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.002
- Aono, M. (2009) Taxonomic study on Odonaspidini, with particular reference to sexual dimorphism in the second instar (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 65, 1-92.
- Atkinson, E.T. (1886) Insect-pests belonging to the homopterous family Coccidae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Natural History, 55, 267-298.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1942) Esai sur la classification des cochenilles (Homoptera - Coccoidea). Annales de l'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Grignon, 3, 34-48.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1948) Les cochenilles de France, d'Europe, du nord de l'Afrique et du bassin Mediterraneen. IV. Monographie des Coccoidea, classification-Diaspidinae (Premiere partie). Entomologie Appliquee Actualites Scientifiques et Industrielles, 1054, 243-394.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1953) Les cochenilles de France, d'Europe, du nord de l'Afrique et du bassin Mediterraneen. VII. Odonaspidini-Parlatorini. Entomologie Appliquee Actualites Scientifiques et Industrielles, 1202, 725-929.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1954) Les cochenilles Palearctiques de la tribu des Diaspidini. Memoires Scientifiques de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, 450 pp.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1956) Les cochenilles du continent Africain Noir. V. 1-Aspidiotini (1ere partie). Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques, Tervuren, 3, 1-142.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1958) Les cochenilles du continent Africain Noir. V. 2-Aspidiotini (2me partie), Odonaspidini et Parlatoriini. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques, Tervuren, 4, 149-356.
- Balachowsky, A.S. (1968) Sur une nouvelle sous-tribu de Lepidosaphedini (Coccoidea-Diaspididae) creee par la decouverte d'un nouveau genre nuisible au Cafeier d'Arabie Sao-Tome. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 78, 53-63.
- Balachowsky, A.S. & Ferrero, D. (1965) Sur un genre nouveau de Coccoidea-Diaspidini de la foret Centrafricaine. Annales de la Societ Entomologique de France, 1, 995-999.
- Ben Dov, Y. & German, V. (2003) A systematic catalogue of the Diaspididae (armoured scale insects) of the world, subfamilies Aspidiotinae, Comstockiellinae and Odonaspidinae. Intercept Press. Andover, 1112 pp.
- Ben-Dov, Y. (1988) A taxonomic analysis of the armored scale insect tribe Odonaspidini of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1723, 1-142.
- Berlese, A. & Leonardi, G. (1898) Notizie intorno alle cocciniglie americane che minacciano la frutticultura europea. 1. Sistema dei Coccidei e distribuzione geografica. La Revista di Patologia Vegetale, 6, 126-161.
- Bodenheimer, F.S. (1943) A first survey of the Coccoidea of Iraq. Government of Iraq, Ministry of Economics, Directorate General of Agriculture, Bulletin, 28, 1-33.
- Bodenheimer, F.S. (1951) Description of some new genera of Coccoidea. Entomologische Berichten, 13, 328-331.
- Borchsenius, N.S. (1965) [Essay on the classification of the armored scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae)]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 44, 326-376. [in Russian]
- Borchsenius, N.S. (1966) [A catalogue of the armored scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world]. Akademiya Nauka SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Moscow and Leningrad, 449 pp. [in Russian]
- Borchsenius, N.S. & Williams, D.J. (1963) A study of the types of some little-known genera of Diaspididae with descriptions of new genera (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 13, 353-394.
- Brimblecombe, A.R. (1959a) Studies of the Coccoidea in Queensland: with particular reference to the Diaspididae. Ph.D. dissertation. Vol. 1. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia: 364 pp.
- Brimblecombe, A.R. (1959b) Studies of the Coccoidea. 8. Three new genera and sixteen new species of Aspidiotini. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science, 16, 121-156.
- Brown, S.W. (1965) Chromosomal survey of the armored and palm scale insects (Coccoidea: Diaspididae and Phoenococcidae). Hilgardia, 36, 189-294.
- Brown, S.W. & McKenzie, H.L. (1962) Evolutionary patterns in the armored scale insects and their allies (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae, Phoenicococcidae, and Asterolecaniidae). Hilgardia, 33, 141-170. https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v33n04p141
- Brues, C.T. & Melander, A.L. (1932) Classification of insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 73, 127-134.
- Campbell, A.M., Lawrence, A.J., Hudspath, C.B. & Gruwell, M.E. (2014) Molecular identification of Diaspididae and elucidation of non-native species using the genes 28S and 16S. Insects, 5, 528-538. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects5030528
- Claps, L.E. (2000) Redescripcion de cinco especias de Diaspididae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) de la Region Neotropical. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 44, 91-95.
- Cook, L.G., Gullan, P.J. & Trueman, H.E. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25, 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00248-8
- Danzig, E.M. (1993) Rhynchota scale insects (Coccinea): families Phoenicococcidae and Diaspididae. Fauna Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran, 144, 1-453.
- Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9, 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
- Davidson, J.A. (1972) A redescription of Hemigymnaspis eugeniae (Lindinger) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 74, 316-320.
- Davidson, J.A. & Miller, D.R. (1977) A taxonomic study of Hemigymnaspis (Lindinger) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) including descriptions of four new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79, 499-517.
- Devey, J. (Ed.) (1902) Lord Bacon's Novum Organum. P. F. Collier & Son, New York, 290 pp.
- Douglas, J.W. (1887) Note on some British Coccidae (No. 6). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 23, 239-243. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18592
- Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29, 1969-1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss075
- Ferris, G.F. (1920) Notes on Coccidae-V. (Hemiptera). Canadian Entomologist, 52, 29-32. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5229-2
- Ferris, G.F. (1936) Contributions to the knowledge of the Coccoidea (Homoptera). II. Microentomology, 1, 17-94.
- Ferris, G.F. (1937a) Atlas of the scale insects of North America. Series I. Fascicles SI-1 to SI-136. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California. [unpaginated]
- Ferris, G.F. (1937b) Contributions to the knowledge of the Coccoidea (Homoptera). Microentomology, 2, 1-122.
- Ferris, G.F. (1941a) Atlas of the scale insects of North America. Series III. Fascicles SIII-269 to SIII-384. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California. [unpaginated]
- Ferris, G.F. (1941b) Contributions to the knowledge of the Coccoidea (Homoptera) X: Illustrations of eleven genotypes of the Diaspididae. Microentomology, 6, 11-24.
- Ferris, G.F. (1942) Atlas of the scale insects of North America. Series IV. Fascicles SIV-385 to SIV-446. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California. [unpaginated]
- Ferris, G.F. (1957) Two species of Diaspididae new to the Hawaiian fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 26, 212-215.
- Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N.B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bav118
- Ghauri, M.S.K. (1962) The morphology and taxonomy of male scale insects. British Museum (Natural History), London, 221 pp.
- Gonzalez, R.H. (2016) Insectos Coccoideos plagas de cultivos frutales en Chile (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile 336 pp.
- Green, E.E. (1896) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part I. Dulau, London, pp. i-xi + 1-103.
- Green, E.E. (1899) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part II. Dulau, London, pp. xii-xli + 105-169.
- Gruwell, M.E., Morse, G.E. & Normark, B.B. (2007) Phylogenetic congruence of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and their primary endosymbionts from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.014
- Gruwell, M.E., Woolman, S. & Kondo, T. (2016) Phylogenetic placement of the white coconut scale, Parlagena bennetti Williams (Hemiptera Diaspididae). Redia, 99, 171-176.
- Gruwell, M.E., Wu, J. & Normark, B.B. (2009) Diversity and phylogeny of Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) in armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102, 1050-1061. https://doi.org/10.1603/008.102.0613
- Gullan, P.J. & Cook, L.G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Stenorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668, 413-425.
- Gwiazdowski, R.A., Vea, I.M., Andersen, J.C. & Normark, B.B. (2011) Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding Chionaspis scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 104, 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01716.x
- Hall, W.J. (1946) On the Ethiopian Diaspidini (Coccoidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 97, 497-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1946.tb00275.x
- Henderson, R.C. (2005) Unique multiplication of cephalic ducts in first-instar Eulepidosaphes pyriformis (Maskell)(Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) on Dacrydium cupressinum (Podocarpaceae): a host induced effect leading to speciation? In: Erkilic, L.B. & Kaydan, M.B. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Adana, Turkey, 19-23 April 2004. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Ankara, pp. 59-70.
- Henderson, R.C. (2011) Diaspididae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Fauna of New Zealand, 66, 1-275.
- Hill, M.G., Henderson, R.C. & Mauchline, N.A. (2011) Diaspidid (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) size plasticity as an adaptive life history trait. European Journal of Entomology, 108, 153-159. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2011.018
- Howell, J.O. & Tippins, H.H. (1973) Immature stages of Kuwanaspis howardi (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 8, 241-244.
- Howell, J.O. & Tippins, H.H. (1977) Resurrection of Cupidaspis with the description of a new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 70, 898-900. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/70.6.898
- Howell, J.O. & Tippins, H.H. (1978) Morphology and systematics of Odonaspis minima n. sp. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 71, 762-766. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/71.5.762
- Howell, J.O. & Tippins, H.H. (1981) New genus and species of Diaspididae from conifers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 74, 419-421. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/74.4.419
- Howell, J.O. & Tippins, H.H. (1990) The immature stages. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.), Armored scale insects: their biology, natural enemies, and control. Vol. A. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 29-42.
- Kondo, T., Gullan, P.J., Watson, G.W., Bustillo Pardey, A.E. & Montes, L.G. (2015) New distribution and host records for white coconut scale, Parlagena bennetti Williams (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Insecta Mundi, 422, 1-6.
- Leonardi, G. (1913) Nuove specie di diaspiti viventi sull'olivo. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superior Agricoltura, Portici, 7, 66-71.
- Leonardi, G. (1914) Contributo alla conoscenza delle coccinglie dell'Africa occidentale e meridionale. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superior Agricoltura, Portici, 8, 187-224.
- Lindinger, L. (1910) Die Schildlausgattung Gymnaspis (Hemipt.) II. Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Entomologen, 4, 437-440.
- Lindinger, L. (1913) Afrikanische Schildlause. V. Die Schildlause Deutsche-ostafrikas. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 30, 59-95.
- Lindinger, L. (1934) Melanaspis eugeniae sp. nov. aus Porto Rico. (Homopt. Coccoidea). Entomologische Rundschau, 51, 45-46.
- Lindinger, L. (1943) Verzeichnis der Schildlaus-Gattungen,1. Nachtrag. (Homoptera Coccoidea). Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28, 205-208 + 217-224, 264-265.
- MacGillivray, A.D. (1921) The Coccidae. Scarab, Urbana, Illinois, 502 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.21115
- Maskell, W.M. (1879) On some Coccidae in New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 11, 187-228, pls. V-VIII.
- Maskell, W.M. (1887) An account of the insects noxious to agriculture and plants in New Zealand, the scale insects (Coccididae). State Forests and Agriculture Department, Wellington, 116 pp.
- McKenzie, H.L. (1945) A revision of Parlatoria and closely allied genera (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Microentomology, 10, 47-121.
- Miller, D.R. & Davidson, J.A. (2005) Armored Scale Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 442 pp.
- Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Hodges, G.S. & Davidson, J.A. (2005) Introduced scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the United States and their impact on US agriculture. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 123-158.
- Miller, D.R., Williams, D.J. & Davidson, J.A. (2006) Key to conifer-infesting species of Lepidosaphes Shimer worldwide (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of L. pallidula (Williams). Zootaxa, 1362, 23-42.
- Miller, M., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 2010. IEEE, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
- Mirarab, S., Nguyen, N., Guo, S., Wang, L.-S., Kim, J. & Warnow, T. (2015) PASTA: Ultra-large multiple sequence alignment for nucleotide and amino-acid sequences. Journal of Computational Biology, 22, 377-386. https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2014.0156
- Morgan, A.C.F. (1888) Observations on Coccidae (No. 1). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 25, 42-48.
- Morse, G.E. & Normark, B.B. (2006) A molecular phylogenetic study of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Systematic Entomology, 31, 338-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00316.x
- Mullen, K.M., Schneider, S.A. & Normark, B.B. (2016) New single-copy nuclear genes for use in scale insect systematics. Redia, 99, 207-214.
- Munting, J. (1969) Observations on some armoured scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) from South West Africa and neighbouring territories. Cimbebasia, 1, 115-161.
- Nada, S.M.A. & Mohammad, Z.K. (1984) Description of the male stages of Leucaspis riccae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Bulletin De La Societe Entomologique D'Egypte, 65, 251-258.
- Nakahara, S. (1979) Pinnaspis caricis, new synonym of Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 81, 31.
- Normark, B.B. (2003) The evolution of alternative genetic systems in insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 48, 397-423. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112703
- Normark, B.B. (2005) Using flow cytometry to assess ploidy in armored scale insects (Diaspididae). In: Erkilic, L.B. & Kaydan, M.B. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Adana, Turkey, 19-23 April 2004. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Ankara, pp. 49-57.
- Normark, B.B. & Johnson, N.A. (2011) Niche explosion. Genetica, 139, 551-564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9513-5
- Normark, B.B., Morse, G.E., Krewinski, A.R. & Okusu, A. (2014) Armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) of San Lorenzo National Park, Panama, with descriptions of two new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN13110
- Paoli, F., Roversi, P.F., Mercati, D., Marziali, L., Cocco, A. & Dallai, R. (2015) The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in four species of Coccoidea (Insecta, Homoptera). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 258, 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.07.004
- Peterson, D.A., Hardy, N.B., Morse, G.E., Stocks, I.C., Okusu, A. & Normark, B.B. (2015) Phylogenetic analysis reveals positive correlations between adaptations to diverse hosts in a group of pathogen-like herbivores. Evolution, 69, 2785-2792. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12772
- Ramasubramanian, T., Ramaraju, K. & Nirmala, R. (2015) COI gene-based species diagnostic kit for sugarcane scale insect, Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Sugar Tech, 18, 441-446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-015-0394-x
- Rambaut, A. (2009) FigTree. Vol. 1.4.2. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 31 January 2019)
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901-904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Robison, G.W., Jr. (1990) Sperm ultrastructure, behaviour, and evolution. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.), Armored scale insects: their biology, natural enemies, and control. Vol. A. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 205-220.
- Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
- Ross, L., Hardy, N.B., Okusu, A. & Normark, B.B. (2013) Large population size predicts the distribution of asexuality in scale insects. Evolution, 67, 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01784.x
- Ross, L. & Normark, B.B. (2015) Evolutionary problems in centrosome and centriole biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 28, 995-1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12620
- Rugman-Jones, P.F., Andersen, J.C., Morse, J.G., Normark, B.B. & Stouthamer, R. (2010) Molecular phylogenetic placement of the recently described armored scale insect Abgrallaspis aguacatae and several congeners (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/103.1.30
- Rugman-Jones, P.F., Morse, J.G. & Stouthamer, R. (2009) Rapid molecular identification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Mexican 'Hass' avocado. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, 1948-1953. https://doi.org/10.1603/029.102.0527
- Sabree, Z.L., Huang, C.Y., Okusu, A., Moran, N.A. & Normark, B.B. (2013) The nutrient supplying capabilities of Uzinura, an endosymbiont of armored scale insects. Environmental Microbiology, 15, 1988-1999. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12058
- Schneider, S.A., Giliomee, J.H., Dooley, J.W. & Normark, B.B. (2013) The mutualism between Melissotarsus Emery ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae): New armored scale species accounts and observations on a unique trophobiosis. Systematic Entomology, 30, 805-817. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12033
- Schneider, S.A., Okusu, A. & Normark, B.B. (2018) Molecular phylogenetics of Aspidiotini armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) reveals rampant paraphyly and multiple origins of association with Melissotarsus ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 129, 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.003
- Shimer, H. (1868) Notes on the "apple bark-louse" (Lepidosaphes conchiformis Gmelin sp.) with a description of a supposed new Acarus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1868, 361-374.
- Smith-Pardo, A.H., Evans, G.A. & Dooley, J.W. (2012) A revew of the genus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) with descriptions of a new species and a new, related genus. Zootaxa, 3570, 1-24.
- Stickney, F.S. (1934) The external anatomy of the red date scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, and its allies. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 404, 1-162.
- Takagi, S. (1963) A new genus for reception of three American scale insects hitherto referred to Duplachionaspis (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, 26, 118-121.
- Takagi, S. (1969) Diaspididae of Taiwan based on material collected in connection with the Japan-U.S. Co-operative Science Programme, 1965 (Homoptera: Coccoidea) Part I. Insecta Matsumurana, 32, 1-110.
- Takagi, S. (1970) Diaspididae of Taiwan based on material collected in connection with the Japan-U.S. Co-operative Science Programme, 1965 (Homoptera: Coccoidea) Part II. Insecta Matsumurana, 33, 1-146.
- Takagi, S. (1987) Two new parlatoriine scale insects with odonaspidine characters: the other side of the coin (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 37, 1-26.
- Takagi, S. (1992) Mitulaspis and Sclopetaspis: Their distributions and taxonomic positions (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 47, 33-90.
- Takagi, S. (1993) Primitive Diaspidini (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 49, 1-67.
- Takagi, S. (1995) An approach to the Rugaspidiotini problem (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 52, 21-79.
- Takagi, S. & Kondo, T. (1997) Further forms for the Rugaspidiotini-problem 2: a new scale insect associated with mango-tree in India (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 53, 93-99.
- Takagi, S. (1999a) For a better understanding of Aulacaspis: the calcarata species group (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 55, 133-180.
- Takagi, S. (1999b) Notes on the scale insect subtribe Kuwanaspidina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 56, 95-150.
- Takagi, S. (2000) Four extraordinary diaspidids (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 57, 39-87.
- Takagi, S. (2002) One new subfamily and two new tribes of the Diaspididae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 59, 55-100.
- Takagi, S. (2003) Some burrowing diaspidids from eastern Asia (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 60, 67-173.
- Takagi, S. (2007) Two new genera of the Diaspidini from the Indian subcontinent (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 63, 67-83.
- Takagi, S. (2008) An extraordinary pupillarial genus of scale insects associated with Annonaceae in tropical Asia (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 64, 81-115.
- Takagi, S. (2009) A new form of the tribe Odonaspidini from Palawan Island, representing a unique adaptive type (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 65, 131-140 + 142-147.
- Takagi, S. (2011) A new scale insect of the subtribe Diaspidina from South India, with notes on the subtribe (Strnorrhyncha: Coccoida: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 67, 41-60.
- Takagi, S. & Kawai, S. (1973) Discovery of Protancepaspis in Japan, with a review of the genus (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Kontyu, 41, 44-52.
- Takagi, S. & Martin, J.H. (2010) A new scale insect genus from Hong Kong: another clue to the Rugaspidiotini-problem (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 66, 37-55.
- Takagi, S. & Moghaddam, M. (2005) New or noteworthy armoured scale insects occurring in Iran (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 61, 43-74.
- Takagi, S., Pong, T.Y. & Ghee, K.S. (1988) Does Africaspis (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) occur in Asia? Insecta Matsumurana, New Series, 39, 1-34.
- Takagi, S. & Tang, F.T. (1982) A new scale insect of the Quernaspis group (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae) from China. Kontyu, 50, 100-103.
- Tang, F.T. (1981) A new genus and three new species of Diaspidae from China. Entomotaxonomia, 3, 49-55.
- Targioni Tozzetti, A. (1868) Introduzione alla seconda memoria per gli studi sulle cocciniglie, e catologo dei generi e delle specie della famiglia dei coccidi. Atti della Societ italiana di scienze naturali, 11, 721-738.
- Towns, J., Cockerill, T., Dahan, M., Foster, I., Gaither, K., Grimshaw, A., Hazlewood, V., Lathrop, S., Lifka, D. & Peterson, G.D. (2014) XSEDE: accelerating scientific discovery. Computing in Science & Engineering, 16, 62-74. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2014.80
- Ulgenturk, S. & Kozar, F. (2011) A new scale insect genus, Torosaspis (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae), with a new species, Torosaspis turcica, from Turkey. Zootaxa, 2907, 63-68.
- Vea, I.M., Gwiazdowski, R.A. & Normark, B.B. (2013) Corroborating molecular species discovery: five new pine-feeding species of Chionaspis. ZooKeys, 270, 38-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.270.2910
- Washington, J.R. & Walker, G.P. (1990) Histological studies of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) feeding on citrus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 83, 939-948. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/83.5.939
- Wilgenbusch, J.C., Warren, D.L. & Swofford, D.L. (2004) AWTY: a system for graphical exploration of MCMC convergence in Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Available from: http://ceb.csit.fsu.edu/awty (accessed 30 December 2018)
- Williams, D.J. (1960) Some new Diaspidini (Coccoidea: Homoptera) from Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 9, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27557
- Williams, D.J. (1969a) The family-group names of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 23, 315-341.
- Williams, D.J. (1969b) A new species of Parlagena McKenzie attacking coconut trees in Trinidad (Hom., Coccoidea, Diaspididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 59, 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300003060
- Williams, D.J. (1971) Synoptic discussion of Lepidosaphes Shimer and its allies with a key to genera (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300057400
- Williams, D.J., Miller, D.R. & Rung, A. (2006) A systematic revision of the armored scale genus Furcaspis Lindinger (Diaspididae; Coccoidea; Hemiptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 34, 1-86.
- Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. (1988) The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 1. The armoured scales (Diaspididae). CAB International, Wallingford, 290 pp.
- Wolff, V.R.S. (2008) Revisao de Pseudoparlatoria (Hemiptera, Diaspididae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 98, 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212008000300002
- Wolff, V.R.S. & Claps, L.E. (2010) Sobre genero Diaspidistis (Hemiptera, Diaspididae), com a descricao de duas especias novas. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre, 100, 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212010000300007
- Young, B.L. (1986) New genera and species of Diaspididae (Coccoidea) from Yunnan and Guizhou. Contributions from Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 6, 199-211.