2916450
doi
10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.085
oai:zenodo.org:2916450
user-magic
user-eu
Hoekstra, A.Y.
University of Twente & National University of Singapore
Krol, M.S.
University of Twente
Land, water and carbon footprints of circular bioenergy production systems
Holmatov, B.
University of Twente
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Bioenergy
Biofuel
Energy scenario
Carbon footprint
Land footprint
Sustainable development
Water footprint
<p>Renewable energy sources can help combat climate change but knowing the land, water and carbon implications of different renewable energy production mixes becomes a key. This paper systematically applies land, water and carbon footprint accounting methods to calculate resource appropriation and CO2eq GHG emissions of two energy scenarios. The ‘100% scenario’ is meant as a thinking exercise and assumes a complete transition towards bioenergy, mostly as bioelectricity and some first-generation biofuel. The ‘SDS-bio scenario’ is inspired by IEA's sustainable development scenario and assumes a 9.8% share of bioenergy in the final mix, with a high share of first-generation biofuel. Energy inputs into production are calculated by differentiating inputs into fuel versus electricity and exclude fossil fuels used for non-energy purposes. Results suggest that both scenarios can lead to emission savings, but at a high cost of land and water resources. A 100% shift to bioenergy is not possible from water and land perspectives. The SDS-bio scenario, when using the most efficient feedstocks (sugar beet and sugarcane), would still require 11–14% of the global arable land and a water flow equivalent to 18–25% of the current water footprint of humanity. In comparative terms, using sugar or starchy crops to produce bioenergy results in smaller footprints than using oil-bearing crops. Regardless of the choice of crop, converting the biomass to combined heat and power results in smaller land, water and carbon footprints per unit of energy than when converting to electricity alone or liquid biofuel.</p>
Zenodo
2019-05-17
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
2916449
user-magic
user-eu
award_title=Moving Towards Adaptive Governance in Complexity: Informing Nexus Security; award_number=689669; award_identifiers_scheme=url; award_identifiers_identifier=https://cordis.europa.eu/projects/689669; funder_id=00k4n6c32; funder_name=European Commission;
1579537622.65575
162413
md5:3bf60747c0d9a2cfe74c5a90b975f1fd
https://zenodo.org/records/2916450/files/SupplementaryMaterial_Holmatov-et-al-2019.docx
1373996
md5:b556b8f424d6a9a6770360a6754c1d65
https://zenodo.org/records/2916450/files/Holmatov-et-al-2019-RSER.pdf
public
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
111
224-235
2019-05-17