10.1016/j.csr.2015.03.011
https://zenodo.org/records/27479
oai:zenodo.org:27479
Cristina, Sónia
Sónia
Cristina
CIMA – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Piso 1, Cacifo no 32, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Icely, John
John
Icely
CIMA – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Piso 1, Cacifo no 32, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Goela, Priscila Costa
Priscila Costa
Goela
CIMA – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Piso 1, Cacifo no 32, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
DelValls, Tomás Angel
Tomás Angel
DelValls
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales-Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Puerto Real, Polígono San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, España
Newton, Alice
Alice
Newton
NILU-IMPEC, Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
Using remote sensing as a support to the implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive in SW Portugal
Zenodo
2015
Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Ocean colour remote sensing
North-east Atlantic
Iberian coast
Indicator
Descriptor
Eutrophication
2015-03-24
https://zenodo.org/communities/devotes-project
https://zenodo.org/communities/eu
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Abstract
The exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of coastal countries are coming under increasing pressure from various economic sectors such as fishing, aquaculture, shipping and energy production. In Europe, there is a policy to expand the maritime economic sector without damaging the environment by ensuring that these activities comply with legally binding Directives, such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). However, monitoring an extensive maritime area is a logistical and economic challenge. Remote sensing is considered one of the most cost effective methods for providing the spatial and temporal environmental data that will be necessary for the effective implementation of the MSFD. However, there is still a concern about the uncertainties associated with remote sensed products. This study has tested how a specific satellite product can contribute to the monitoring of a MSFD Descriptor for “good environmental status” (GES). The results show that the quality of the remote sensing product Algal Pigment Index 1 (API 1) from the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) sensor of the European Space Agency for ocean colour products can be effectively validated with in situ data from three stations off the SW Iberian Peninsula. The validation results show good agreement between the MERIS API 1 and the in situ data for the two more offshore stations, with a higher coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.79, and with lower uncertainties for the average relative percentage difference (RPD) of 24.6% and 27.9% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.40 and 0.38 for Stations B and C, respectively. Near to the coast, Station A has the lowest R2 of 0.63 and the highest uncertainties with an RPD of 112.9% and a RMSE of 1.00. It is also the station most affected by adjacency effects from the land: when the Improved Contrast between Ocean and Land processor (ICOL) is applied the R2 increases to 0.77 and there is a 30% reduction in the uncertainties estimated by RPD. The MERIS API 1 product decreases from inshore to offshore, with higher values occurring mainly between early spring and the end of the summer, and with lower values during winter. By using the satellite images for API 1, it is possible to detect and track the development of algal blooms in coastal and marine waters, demonstrating the usefulness of remote sensing for supporting the implementation of the MSFD with respect to Descriptor 5: Eutrophication. It is probable that remote sensing will also prove to be useful for monitoring other Descriptors of the MSFD.
European Commission
10.13039/501100000780
308392
DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status