from Silurian slates and shales, overlying carboniferous limestone
acidic granite, granodiorite and mica-gneiss with small intrusions of gabbro and peridotite
andesitic and dacitic pyroclastic material
basalt and adesite gravel mixed with silt-sized loess and volcanic tephra
braided channel alluvium derived from Sierra Nevada
Brown-yellow carbonate loess and clay deposited ~4500-6000 years ago
Formed from basaltic materials composed primarily of
tephra (the sum of all volcanic pyroclastics) overlying lava or a lavaash mixture containing glass, olivine, clinopyroxene,
feldspar, and magnetite-ilmenite
Glacial till derived from granite and gneiss
glacial till overlying alternating bands of proterozoic shale and fine-grained sandstones interbedded with dolostone and calcareous sandstone
Glacial till, bedrock gneiss, schist, granite
Granite formations, gneiss, mica schist, phyllites
lava plateau
consisting of andesite lava, at the foot of the Hachimantai
volcanic chain, Allophanic volcanic ash soils are
widely distributed throughout northern Iwate Prefecture, Tephra fragments (Towada-a ash fall deposit: ca. 1000
BP) were observed at 15–20cm in the mineral soil
lava plateau consisting of andesite lava, at the foot of the Hachimantai volcanic chain, Allophanic volcanic ash soils are widely distributed throughout northern Iwate Prefecture, Tephra fragments (Towada-a ash fall deposit: ca. 1000 BP) were observed at 15–20cm in the mineral soil
located on the older (120,000-60,000 years) Itkillik I glacial surface
located on the younger (25,000-11,500 years) Itkillik II glacial surface
loess deposit, glacial till, thermokarst
Moderately weathered loess from greywacke plus volcanic ash
Pleistocene aoelian deposit of calcareous loess
postglacial lake sediments with carbonate
primarily volcanic derived from tephra, some intrusive igneous
redent floodplain alluvium derived from sierra Nevada
Rotomahana mud, hydrothermaly altered rhyolitic ejecta from Lake Rotomahana's 1886 eruption
Silty alluvium or loess over greywacke, schist, granite gravels
soils formed from loessal inputs carried by sediments of the Tanana River deposits of sand and gravel
Strongly weathered basalt, weathered andesitic
Taupo pumice overlying weatheredr hyolitic tephra
volcanic ash and tropospheric dust over residuum weathered from basalt
Weakly weathered schist loess over schist bedrock
welded and non-welded andesitic/basaltic ash-flow tuffs