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# Optical Line Width Broadening Mechanisms at the 10 kHz Level in Eu3+:Y2O3 Nanoparticles

Bartholomew, J.G.; de Oliveira Lima, K.; Ferrier, A.; Goldner, Ph.

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{
"description": "<p>We identify the physical mechanisms responsible for the optical homogeneous broadening in Eu<sup>3+</sup>:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles to determine whether rare-earth crystals can be miniaturized to volumes less than \u03bb<sup>3</sup> whilst preserving their appeal for quantum technology hardware. By studying how the homogeneous line width depends on temperature, applied magnetic field, and measurement time scale the dominant broadening interactions for various temperature ranges above 3 K were characterized. Below 3 K the homogeneous line width is dominated by an interaction not observed in bulk crystal studies. These measurements demonstrate that broadening due to size-dependent phonon interactions is not a significant contributor to the homogeneous line width, which contrasts previous studies in rare-earth ion nanocrystals. Importantly, the results provide strong evidence that for the 400 nm diameter nanoparticles under study the minimum line width achieved (45\u00b11 kHz at 1.3 K) is not fundamentally limited. In addition, we highlight that the expected broadening caused by electric field fluctuations\u00a0arising from surface charges is comparable to the observed broadening. Under the assumption that such Stark broadening is a significant contribution to the homogeneous line width, several strategies for reducing this line width to below 10 kHz are discussed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the Eu<sup>3+</sup> hyperfine state lifetime is sufficiently long to preserve spectral features for timescales up to 1 s. These results allow integrated rare-earth ion quantum optics to be pursued at a sub-micron scale and hence, open up directions for greater scaling of rare-earth quantum technology.\u00a0</p>",
"license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode",
"creator": [
{
"affiliation": "PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France",
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Bartholomew, J.G."
},
{
"affiliation": "PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France",
"@type": "Person",
"name": "de Oliveira Lima, K."
},
{
"affiliation": "PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France",
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Ferrier, A."
},
{
"affiliation": "PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France",
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Goldner, Ph."
}
],
"headline": "Optical Line Width Broadening Mechanisms at the 10 kHz Level in Eu3+:Y2O3 Nanoparticles",
"image": "https://zenodo.org/static/img/logos/zenodo-gradient-round.svg",
"datePublished": "2017-01-18",
"url": "https://zenodo.org/record/259447",
"keywords": [
"rare earth",
"quantum technologies",
"nanoqtech",
"nanoparticles",
"coherence lifetime"
],
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"identifier": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03949",
"@id": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03949",
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Optical Line Width Broadening Mechanisms at the 10 kHz Level in Eu3+:Y2O3 Nanoparticles"
}
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