PT	AU	BA	BE	GP	AF	BF	CA	TI	SO	SE	BS	LA	DT	CT	CY	CL	SP	HO	DE	ID	AB	C1	RP	EM	RI	OI	FU	FX	CR	NR	TC	Z9	U1	U2	PU	PI	PA	SN	EI	BN	J9	JI	PD	PY	VL	IS	PN	SU	SI	MA	BP	EP	AR	DI	D2	EA	EY	PG	WC	SC	GA	UT	PM	OA	HC	HP	DA
J	Dey, S; Bose, J; Joshi, A				Dey, Snigdhadip; Bose, Joy; Joshi, Amitabh			Adaptation to larval crowding in Drosophila ananassae leads to the evolution of population stability	ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						alpha-Selection; competitive ability; constancy; density-dependent selection; K-selection; life-history evolution; persistence; population dynamics	DEPENDENT NATURAL-SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SINGLE-SPECIES POPULATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FASTER DEVELOPMENT; K-SELECTION; GROWTH-RATE; MELANOGASTER; DYNAMICS; CHAOS	Density-dependent selection is expected to lead to population stability, especially if r and K tradeoff. Yet, there is no empirical evidence of adaptation to crowding leading to the evolution of stability. We show that populations of Drosophila ananassae selected for adaptation to larval crowding have higher K and lower r, and evolve greater stability than controls. We also show that increased population growth rates at high density can enhance stability, even in the absence of a decrease in r, by ensuring that the crowding adapted populations do not fall to very low sizes. We discuss our results in the context of traits known to have diverged between the selected and control populations, and compare our results with previous work on the evolution of stability in D. melanogaster. Overall, our results suggest that density-dependent selection may be an important factor promoting the evolution of relatively stable dynamics in natural populations.	[Dey, Snigdhadip; Bose, Joy; Joshi, Amitabh] Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Evolutionary & Organismal Biol Unit, Evolutionary Biol Lab, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India	Joshi, A (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Evolutionary & Organismal Biol Unit, Evolutionary Biol Lab, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.	ajoshi@jncasr.ac.in			Department of Science and Technology, Government of India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India	Supported by funds from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.; We thank Sutirth Dey and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript and M. Rajanna for assistance in the laboratory. S. Dey thanks Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India, for a doctoral fellowship. This work was supported in part by funds from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (to A. J.).	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J	Fujiwara, M				Fujiwara, Masami			Demographic Diversity and Sustainable Fisheries	PLOS ONE			English	Article							POPULATION REGULATION; MARINE FISHES; MANAGEMENT; RESILIENCE; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; STABILITY; DYNAMICS	Fish species are diverse. For example, some exhibit early maturation while others delay maturation, some adopt semelparous reproductive strategies while others are iteroparous, and some are long-lived and others short-lived. The diversity is likely to have profound effects on fish population dynamics, which in turn has implications for fisheries management. In this study, a simple density-dependent stage-structured population model was used to investigate the effect of life history traits on sustainable yield, population resilience, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the adult abundance. The study showed that semelparous fish can produce very high sustainable yields, near or above 50% of the carrying capacity, whereas long-lived iteroparous fish can produce very low sustainable yields, which are often much less than 10% of the carrying capacity. The difference is not because of different levels of sustainable fishing mortality rate, but because of difference in the sensitivity of the equilibrium abundance to fishing mortality. On the other hand, the resilience of fish stocks increases from delayed maturation to early maturation strategies but remains almost unchanged from semelparous to long-lived iteroparous. The CV of the adult abundance increases with increased fishing mortality, not because more individuals are recruited into the adult stage (as previous speculated), but because the mean abundance is more sensitive to fishing mortality than its standard deviation. The magnitudes of these effects vary depending on the life history strategies of the fish species involved. It is evident that any past high yield of long-lived iteroparous fish is a transient yield level, and future commercial fisheries should focus more on fish that are short-lived (including semelparous species) with high compensatory capacity.	Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA	Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.	fujiwara@tamu.edu	Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012	Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043	United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC) [NFFR7500-10-18114]	This work was funded in part by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC Contract-NFFR7500-10-18114). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding received for this study.	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J, 1992, QUANTITATIVE FISHERI; Wiedenmann J, 2009, BIOL CONSERV, V142, P2990, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.031; Williams EH, 2003, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V60, P1037, DOI 10.1139/F03-099; Winemiller KO, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P872, DOI 10.1139/F05-040; WINEMILLER KO, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P2196, DOI 10.1139/f92-242; WINEMILLER KO, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P585, DOI 10.1086/285559; Worden L, 2010, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V78, P239, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2010.07.004	38	3	3	0	30	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE	SAN FRANCISCO	1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA	1932-6203			PLOS ONE	PLoS One	MAY 1	2012	7	5							e34556	10.1371/journal.pone.0034556				14	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	959UN	WOS:000305340700004	22563455	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Kosztolanyi, A; Kupper, C; Chastel, O; Parenteau, C; Yilmaz, KT; Miklosi, A; Szekely, T; Lendvai, AZ				Kosztolanyi, Andras; Kuepper, Clemens; Chastel, Olivier; Parenteau, Charline; Yilmaz, K. Tuluhan; Miklosi, Adam; Szekely, Tarnas; Lendvai, Adam Z.			Prolactin stress response does not predict brood desertion in a polyandrous shorebird	HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Social behavior; Neuroendocrine system; Parental care; Brood desertion; Corticosterone; Prolactin; Capture and restraint; Shorebird; Kentish plover	LONG-LIVED BIRD; PLOVERS CHARADRIUS-ALEXANDRINUS; PARENTAL CARE; KENTISH PLOVERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SEXUAL CONFLICT; HOUSE SPARROWS; OLDER PARENTS; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSES	One of the fundamental principles of the life-history theory is that parents need to balance their resources between current and future offspring. Deserting the dependent young is a radical life-history decision that saves resources for future reproduction but that may cause the current brood to fail. Despite the importance of desertion for reproductive success, and thus fitness, the neuroendocrine mechanisms of brood desertion are largely unknown. We investigated two candidate hormones that may influence brood desertion in the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus: prolactin ('parental hormone') and corticosterone ('stress hormone'). Kentish plovers exhibit an unusually diverse mating and parental care system: brood desertion occurs naturally since either parent (the male or the female) may desert the brood after the chicks hatch and mate with a new partner shortly after. We measured the hormone levels of parents at hatching using the standard capture and restraint protocol. We subsequently followed the broods to determine whether a parent deserted the chicks. We found no evidence that either baseline or stress-induced prolactin levels of male or female parents predicted brood desertion. Although stress-induced corticosterone levels were generally higher in females compared with males, individual corticosterone levels did not explain the probability of brood desertion. We suggest that, in this species, low prolactin levels do not trigger brood desertion. In general, we propose that the prolactin stress response does not reflect overall parental investment in a species where different parts of the breeding cycle are characterized by contrasting individual investment strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Kosztolanyi, Andras; Miklosi, Adam] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Ethol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; [Kuepper, Clemens] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Chastel, Olivier; Parenteau, Charline] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; [Yilmaz, K. Tuluhan] Cukurova Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey; [Szekely, Tarnas] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath 8A2 7AY, Avon, England; [Lendvai, Adam Z.] Coll Nyiregyhaza, Dept Biol, H-4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary	Kosztolanyi, A (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Ethol, Pazmany Peter Setany 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.	andras.kosztolanyi@gmail.com	Kupper, Clemens/D-8116-2011; Lendvai, Adam/B-8546-2008; Yilmaz, Kemal Tuluhan/K-5194-2018; Kosztolanyi, Andras/B-8008-2016	Kupper, Clemens/0000-0002-1507-8033; Lendvai, Adam/0000-0002-8953-920X; Kosztolanyi, Andras/0000-0002-9109-5871	Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) [K81953, PD76862]; Hungarian-French Intergovernmental S&T Cooperation Programme [OMFB-00365/2010, Egide 22895WE]; Hungarian-Turkish Intergovernmental S&T Cooperation Programme [OMFB-00581/2009, TUBITAK-108Y329]; DAAD	The study was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA, K81953, PD76862) and the Hungarian-French Intergovernmental S&T Cooperation Programme (OMFB-00365/2010, Egide 22895WE). Fieldwork was supported by a grant from the Hungarian-Turkish Intergovernmental S&T Cooperation Programme (OMFB-00581/2009, TUBITAK-108Y329). CK was supported by a DAAD fellowship. At the CEBC, we thank Colette Trouve for her technical assistance in performing the prolactin and corticosterone assays. We are grateful to Peter Sharp and Alexander Badyaev for discussion and useful advice on the methods. We are grateful for two anonymous referees for their excellent comments that improved the manuscript.	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Behav.	MAY	2012	61	5					734	740		10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.03.011				7	Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism	Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism	946GP	WOS:000304339800010	22504343				2019-02-21	
J	Fitzer, SC; Caldwell, GS; Close, AJ; Clare, AS; Upstill-Goddard, RC; Bentley, MG				Fitzer, Susan C.; Caldwell, Gary S.; Close, Andrew J.; Clare, Anthony S.; Upstill-Goddard, Robert C.; Bentley, Matthew G.			Ocean acidification induces multi-generational decline in copepod naupliar production with possible conflict for reproductive resource allocation	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY			English	Article						Ecological significance; Model; Multi-generation; Ocean acidification; Reproduction	ACID-BASE-BALANCE; SEA-URCHIN; SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; TISBE-HOLOTHURIAE; CO2 LEVELS; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; WATER	Climate change, including ocean acidification (OA), presents fundamental challenges to marine biodiversity and sustained ecosystem health. We determined reproductive response (measured as naupliar production), cuticle composition and stage specific growth of the copepod Tisbe battagliai over three generations at four pH conditions (pH 7.67, 7.82, 7.95, and 8.06). Naupliar production increased significantly at pH 7.95 compared with pH 8.06 followed by a decline at pH 7.82. Naupliar production at pH 7.67 was higher than pH 7.82. We attribute the increase at pH 7.95 to an initial stress response which was succeeded by a hormesis-like response at pH 7.67. A multi-generational modelling approach predicted a gradual decline in naupliar production over the next 100 years (equivalent to approximately 2430 generations). There was a significant growth reduction (mean length integrated across developmental stage) relative to controls. There was a significant increase in the proportion of carbon relative to oxygen within the cuticle as seawater pH decreased. Changes in growth, cuticle composition and naupliar production strongly suggest that copepods subjected to OA-induced stress preferentially reallocate resources towards maintaining reproductive output at the expense of somatic growth and cuticle composition. These responses may drive shifts in life history strategies that favour smaller brood sizes, females and perhaps later maturing females, with the potential to profoundly destabilise marine trophodynamics. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Fitzer, Susan C.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Fitzer, Susan C.; Caldwell, Gary S.; Clare, Anthony S.; Upstill-Goddard, Robert C.; Bentley, Matthew G.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England; [Close, Andrew J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England	Fitzer, SC (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Gregory Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.	Susan.Fitzer@glasgow.ac.uk	Fitzer, Susan/I-2418-2014; CALDWELL, GARY/A-4364-2008	Fitzer, Susan/0000-0003-3556-7624; CALDWELL, GARY/0000-0001-5687-6894; Bentley, Matt/0000-0002-6494-2545; Upstill-Goddard, Robert/0000-0003-3396-284X; Clare, Anthony/0000-0002-7692-9583	Natural Environment Research Council CASE; Marine Biological Association of the UK	We are grateful to Pauline Carrick for ESEM analysis and Stephen Rushton for comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided through a Natural Environment Research Council CASE (with the Marine Biological Association of the UK) Ph.D. award to SCF. [SS]	Adiyodi R.G., 1985, INTEGUMENT PIGMENTS, V9, P147; Anthony KRN, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P17442, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0804478105; Berge JA, 2006, CHEMOSPHERE, V62, P681, DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.111; Calabrese EJ, 2008, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V27, P1451, DOI 10.1897/07-541; Clark D, 2009, MAR BIOL, V156, P1125, DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1155-8; Crawley M. 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Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.	MAY 1	2012	418						30	36		10.1016/j.jembe.2012.03.009				7	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	952MN	WOS:000304796700004					2019-02-21	
J	Irwing, P; Booth, T; Nyborg, H; Rushton, JP				Irwing, Paul; Booth, Tom; Nyborg, Helmuth; Rushton, J. Philippe			Are g and the General Factor of Personality (GFP) correlated?	INTELLIGENCE			English	Article						Life History theory; Confirmatory factor analysis; GFP; g; Personality	HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; 5-FACTOR MODEL; DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT; ABNORMAL-PERSONALITY; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; PARALLEL ANALYSIS; FIT INDEXES; BIG 5	We examined whether the General Factor of Personality (GFP) is related to the g factor of cognitive ability using data from the Vietnam Experience Study which randomly sampled 4462 Vietnam War veterans from a total sample of about five million Vietnam era army veterans. Exclusionary criteria included passing a fitness test, achieving a final rank of no higher than sergeant, and scoring above the 10th percentile on a pre-induction general aptitude test, but otherwise the sample is broadly representative of the U.S. male population for the period 1965-1971. A hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and 15 cognitive ability tests yielded three first-order factors from the MMPI (Somatization, Internalization, and Externalization), and four first-order factors from the cognitive ability tests (Memory, Dexterity, Crystallized, and Fluid intelligence). At the apex of both measures was a general factor and we were able to fit a model which integrated both structures. This model provided a close fit to the data (chi(2) = 3114.1, df = 235, RMSEA = .051 SRMR = .047, NNFI = .97), and provided an estimate of -.23 for the correlation between g and the GFP(Abnormal), that is, the higher the g score the higher the score on the GFP. One possible reason for the low correlation is restriction of range in the sample. Another is that intelligence and personality are to a degree mutually exclusive strategies, the first aimed at generating resources and the second at maximizing one's share of resources. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Irwing, Paul; Booth, Tom] Manchester Business Sch, Manchester M15 6PB, Lancs, England; [Nyborg, Helmuth] Univ Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; [Rushton, J. Philippe] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada	Irwing, P (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Manchester Business Sch E, Psychometr Work Res Grp, Booth St W, Manchester M15 6PB, Lancs, England.	paul.irwing@mbs.ac.uk		Nyborg, Helmuth/0000-0002-6795-594X			AKAIKE H, 1974, IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR, VAC19, P716, DOI 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705; Anusic I, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V97, P1142, DOI 10.1037/a0017159; Backstrom M, 2007, EUR J PSYCHOL ASSESS, V23, P63, DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.23.2.63; Backstrom M, 2009, J RES PERS, V43, P335, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.013; Bandura A., 1997, SELF EFFICACY EXERCI; Biesanz JC, 2004, J PERS, V72, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00282.x; BROWNE MW, 1993, TESTING STRUCTURAL E, P136, DOI DOI 10.1177/0049124192021002001; BUDESCU DV, 1981, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V16, P483, DOI 10.1207/s15327906mbr1604_4; Buss D. 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J	Heylen, DJA; White, J; Elst, J; Jacobs, I; Van de Sande, C; Matthysen, E				Heylen, D. J. A.; White, J.; Elst, J.; Jacobs, I.; Van de Sande, C.; Matthysen, E.			Nestling development and the timing of tick attachments	PARASITOLOGY			English	Article						Ixodes; host preference; phenology; songbird; development	FLEA CERATOPHYLLUS-GALLINAE; LIFE-HISTORY; HOST CHOICE; GREAT TITS; IXODIDAE; ACARI; ECTOPARASITES; PARASITES; IMMUNITY; FITNESS	Parasites exposed to fast-developing hosts experience a variety of conditions over a short time period. Only few studies in vertebrate-ectoparasite systems have integrated the timing of ectoparasite infestations in the host's development into the search for factors explaining ectoparasite burden. In this study we examined the temporal pattern of attachment in a nidicolous tick (Ixodes arboricola) throughout the development of a songbird (Parus major). In the first experiment, we exposed bird clutches at hatching to a mix of the 3 tick instars (larvae, nymphs and adults), and monitored the ticks that attached in relation to the average broods' age. In a complementary experiment we focused on the attachment in adult female ticks - the largest and most significant instar for the species' reproduction - after releasing them at different moments in the nestlings' development. Our observations revealed a positive association between the size of the attached instar and the broods' age. Particularly, adult females were less likely to be found attached to recently hatched nestlings, which contrasts with the smaller-sized larvae and nymphs. These differences suggest either an infestation strategy that is adapted to host physiology and development, or a result of selection by the hosts' anti-tick resistance mechanisms. We discuss the implications of our results in terms of tick life-history strategies.	[Heylen, D. J. A.; White, J.; Elst, J.; Jacobs, I.; Van de Sande, C.; Matthysen, E.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium	Heylen, DJA (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.	Dieter.Heylen@ua.ac.be	White, Joel/D-8482-2011	Matthysen, Erik/0000-0002-7521-9248; White, Joel/0000-0002-1427-4411	FWO-Flanders; FWO [G.0049.10]	We appreciate the thoughtful comments of Frank Adriaensen and two anonymous referees on a previous version of the manuscript. Experiments were carried out under license of the Flemish Ministry (Agentschap Natuur en Bos) and the experimental protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Antwerp. D. H. and J. W. are supported by the FWO-Flanders. This study was funded by FWO-project G.0049.10 awarded to E. M.	Apanius V, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO, P203; Arthur DR, 1963, BRIT TICKS; Balashov Y. S. 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J	Muhlfeld, CC; Thorrold, SR; McMahon, TE; Marotz, B				Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Thorrold, Simon R.; McMahon, Thomas E.; Marotz, Brian			Estimating westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) movements in a river network using strontium isoscapes	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article							INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; AMERICAN SHAD; NATAL ORIGINS; SR ISOTOPES; FISH; RESIDENT; MARKERS; SALMON	We used natural variation in the strontium concentration (Sr:Ca) and isotope composition (Sr-87:Sr-86) of stream waters and corresponding values recorded in otoliths of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) to examine movements during their life history in a large river network. We found significant spatial differences in Sr:Ca and Sr-87:Sr-86 values (strontium isoscapes) within and among numerous spawning and rearing streams that remained relatively constant seasonally. Both Sr:Ca and Sr-87:Sr-86 values in the otoliths of juveniles collected from nine natal streams were highly correlated with those values in the ambient water. Strontium isoscapes measured along the axis of otolith growth revealed that almost half of the juveniles had moved at least some distance from their natal streams. Finally, otolith Sr profiles from three spawning adults confirmed homing to natal streams and use of nonoverlapping habitats over their migratory lifetimes. Our study demonstrates that otolith geochemistry records movements of cutthroat trout through Sr isoscapes and therefore provides a method that complements and extends the utility of conventional tagging techniques in understanding life history strategies and conservation needs of freshwater fishes in river networks.	[Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA; [Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Marotz, Brian] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA	Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.	cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov	Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012	Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517	Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish, Wildlife Parks; US Geological Survey; NSF [OCE-0134998, OCE-0215905]	Bonneville Power Administration, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the US Geological Survey funded this work. Partial support was provided by NSF grants OCE-0134998 and OCE-0215905 to SRT. We thank S. Glutting, R. Hunt, D. Daniels, M. Boyer, and J. Wachsmuth for their assistance in the field collecting the samples and J. Giersch and D. Kotter for assistance with the figures. We thank B. Kennedy, J. Kershner, and B. Gillanders for their helpful reviews of previous drafts. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was conducted in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and its subsequent amendments.	Bacon CR, 2004, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V61, P2425, DOI 10.1139/f04-167; Barnett-Johnson R, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P2425, DOI 10.1139/F05-194; Barnett-Johnson R, 2008, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V53, P1633, DOI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1633; Behnke R. 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J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.	MAY	2012	69	5					906	915		10.1139/F2012-033				10	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	934MG	WOS:000303447800010					2019-02-21	
J	Rucas, SL; Gurven, M; Winking, J; Kaplan, H				Rucas, Stacey L.; Gurven, Michael; Winking, Jeffrey; Kaplan, Hillard			Social Aggression and Resource Conflict Across the Female Life-Course in the Bolivian Amazon	AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR			English	Article						female-female competition; social networks; resource competition; reproductive success; social aggression	TOLERATED THEFT; EVOLUTION; ACHE; MARRIAGE; ECOLOGY; TSIMANE; MEN	This work explores sources of conflict among forager-horticulturalist women in Amazonian Bolivia, and applies life history theory as a tool for understanding competitive and cooperative social networking behaviors among women. In this study, 121 Tsimane women and girls were interviewed regarding current and past disagreements with others in their community to identify categories of contested resources that instigate interpersonal conflicts, often resulting in incidences of social aggression. Analysis of frequency data on quarrels (N = 334) reveals that women target several diverse categories of resources, with social types appearing as frequently as food and mates. It was also found that the focus of women's competition changes throughout the life-course, consistent with the notion that current vs. future reproduction and quantity-quality trade-offs might have different influences on competition and social conflict over resources within women's social networks across different age groups. Aggr. Behav. 38:194207, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	[Rucas, Stacey L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA; [Gurven, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Integrat Anthropol Sci Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Winking, Jeffrey] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Kaplan, Hillard] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Rucas, SL (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.	srucas@calpoly.edu		Gurven, Michael/0000-0002-5661-527X; Kaplan, Hillard/0000-0002-7398-7358	LAII Field Research Grants; Tinker Foundation; NSF [BCS-0136274]	Contract grant sponsor: LAII Field Research Grants; Contract grant sponsor: Tinker Foundation; Contract grant sponsor: NSF Grant; Contract grant number: BCS-0136274	BARTON RA, 1997, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, V2, P240, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511525636.010; Bird RLB, 1997, CURR ANTHROPOL, V38, P49, DOI 10.1086/204581; Borgerhoff Mulder M., 1992, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, P339; Clutton-Brock TH, 1994, DEV INTEGRATION BEHA, P229; Daly M, 1985, SEX EVOLUTION BEHAV; Dunbar RIM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02912493; DUNBAR RIM, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P681, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00032325; DUNBAR RIM, 1992, J HUM EVOL, V20, P469, DOI DOI 10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-J); Gangestad SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0000337X; Godoy RA, 2004, HUM ECOL, V32, P339, DOI 10.1023/B:HUEC.0000028085.47707.08; Gurven M, 2006, CURR ANTHROPOL, V47, P185, DOI 10.1086/499552; Gurven M, 2000, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V21, P263, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00032-5; Gurven M, 2004, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V56, P366, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0793-6; Gurven M, 2002, J ANTHROPOL RES, V58, P93, DOI 10.1086/jar.58.1.3631070; Gurven M, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P151, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9062-8; Hagen EH, 2006, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V130, P405, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20272; Hess NC, 2006, INFORM WARFARE EVOLU; Hill K., 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST ECOLO; HOOKS BL, 1993, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V4, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02734090; Hrdy S. 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P., 2001, PSYCHOL EVOLUTION GE, V3, P211, DOI DOI 10.1080/14616660110119331; Silk JB, 2003, SCIENCE, V302, P1231, DOI 10.1126/science.1088580; Stieglitz J, EVOL HUM BE IN PRESS; Stieglitz J, 2011, AM J HUM BIOL, V23, P445, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.21149; Winking J, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P1643, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.0437; Winking Jeffrey, 2006, Soc Biol, V53, P100	39	4	4	0	9	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0096-140X			AGGRESSIVE BEHAV	Aggressive Behav.	MAY-JUN	2012	38	3					194	207		10.1002/ab.21420				14	Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Behavioral Sciences; Psychology	930QZ	WOS:000303155500002	22531995				2019-02-21	
J	Price-Rees, SJ; Congdon, BC; Krockenberger, AK				Price-Rees, Samantha J.; Congdon, Bradley C.; Krockenberger, Andrew K.			Size delays female senescence in a medium sized marsupial: The effects of maternal traits on annual fecundity in the northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus)	AUSTRAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						fecundity; maternal effect; reproductive investment; resource allocation; terminal investment	REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LITTER SIZE; BODY-SIZE; EARLY-LIFE; RED DEER; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; ENERGY ALLOCATION; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SMALL MAMMALS; CLUTCH SIZE	The degree to which females allocate resources between current reproduction, future fecundity and survival is a central theme in life history theory. We investigated two hypotheses proposed to explain patterns of reproductive investment, terminal investment and senescence, by examining the effects of maternal traits (age and maternal mass) on annual fecundity in female northern brown bandicoots, Isoodon macrourus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae). We found that annual fecundity in females declined in their final year of reproduction, indicating reproductive senescence. Maternal mass significantly influenced the rate of senescence and, in turn, a female's lifetime reproductive output. Mass had little effect on fecundity in 1st and 2nd year females, but a positive relationship with fecundity in 3rd year females. This meant that heavy, 3rd year females did not suffer the decline in fecundity shown in light 3rd year females. For 1st year females, mass and leg length increased between their first and second reproductive seasons, indicating a temporary shift, from the allocation of resources to reproduction, to increasing condition or structural size post their first breeding event. There were no net changes to body mass in subsequent years. We suggest that this year of post-reproductive growth has important consequences for senescent effects on reproduction. Overall, results provided support for the effects of senescence on annual fecundity. Our findings were not consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis; reproductive output did not increase in females' final reproductive season despite a rapid decline in survival. However, this notion cannot be entirely dismissed; other measures of reproductive performance not examined here (e.g. offspring mass) may have provided an indication that females did increase their effort at the end of their lifespan. This study highlights the difficulty of measuring reproductive costs and the importance of understanding the combined effects of specific characteristics of an individual when interpreting reproductive strategies in iteroparous organisms.	[Price-Rees, Samantha J.; Congdon, Bradley C.; Krockenberger, Andrew K.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld, Australia	Krockenberger, AK (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld, Australia.	andrew.krockenberger@jcu.edu.au	James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Krockenberger, Andrew/C-1323-2010; Congdon, Bradley/J-9181-2012; Research ID, CTBCC/O-3564-2014	Congdon, Bradley/0000-0002-8751-0892; Krockenberger, Andrew/0000-0003-2872-9939	Smithfield Palm Nursery; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns	We thank Smithfield Palm Nursery for allowing access to the study site and for their general support for the project. Thanks to all field assistants that helped with data collection. We thank Jamie Seymour, Will Edwards and Greg Brown for statistical advice. Melanie Elphick for assistance with graphics. Research was conducted with approval from JCU Animal Ethics (A465) and Qld EPA permit numberWISP01821404. Financial support for this project was provided by the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns.	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J	Ellis, BJ; Bjorklund, DF				Ellis, Bruce J.; Bjorklund, David F.			Beyond Mental Health: An Evolutionary Analysis of Development Under Risky and Supportive Environmental Conditions: An Introduction to the Special Section	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Editorial Material						evolutionary-developmental psychology; adaptive phenotypic plasticity; life history theory; differential susceptibility; developmental programming	DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY; STRESS REACTIVITY; TRADE-OFFS; CONTEXT; PERSPECTIVE; PSYCHOLOGY	Evolutionary approaches to behavior have increasingly captured the attention and imagination of academics and laypeople alike. One part of this trend has been the increasing influence of evolutionary theory in developmental science. The articles in this special section of Developmental Psychology attempt to demonstrate why an evolutionary analysis is needed to more fully understand the contexts and contingencies of development. The 3 theoretical articles articulate the core evolutionary logic underlying conditional adaptation (and maladaptation) to both stressful and supportive environmental conditions over development. These theoretical articles are then followed by 9 empirical articles that test these evolutionary-developmental theories and hypotheses. Finally, 6 commentaries evaluate the prospects, pitfalls, and implications of this body of work.	[Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Bjorklund, David F.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA	Ellis, BJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, McClelland Pk,650 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	bjellis@email.arizona.edu					BALDWIN JM, 2002, DEV EVOLUTION; Belsky J, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P598, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04221.x; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1997, PSYCHOL INQ, V8, P182, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0803_3; Belsky J, 2008, INT J BEHAV DEV, V32, P260, DOI 10.1177/0165025408090969; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P662, DOI 10.1037/a0024454; Belsky J, 2009, PSYCHOL BULL, V135, P885, DOI 10.1037/a0017376; Bjorklund D. F., 2002, ORIGINS HUMAN NATURE, DOI [10.1037/10425-000, DOI 10.1037/10425-000]; Bjorklund DF, 2007, ADV CHILD DEV BEHAV, V35, P1; Bjorklund DF, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P213, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.007; Blair C, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P647, DOI 10.1037/a0026472; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Bugental DB, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P806, DOI 10.1037/a0027477; BURGESS RL, 2005, EVOLUTIONARY PERSPEC; CHISHOLM JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; Dawkins R., 1976, SELFISH GENE; Del Giudice M, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P775, DOI 10.1037/a0026519; Del Giudice M, 2011, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V35, P1562, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007; Dishion TJ, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P703, DOI 10.1037/a0027304; Dodge KA, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P624, DOI 10.1037/a0027683; Eisenberg N, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P755, DOI 10.1037/a0026518; Ellis B. 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A, 1996, SHAPE LIFE GENES DEV; Robert T, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; Schlichting CD, 1998, PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; Simpson JA, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P674, DOI 10.1037/a0027293; Smith JM, 1982, EVOLUTION THEORY GAM; Sturge-Apple ML, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P791, DOI 10.1037/a0026908; Sulik MJ, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P740, DOI 10.1037/a0025938; Van IJzendoorn M. H., 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P769, DOI [10.1037/a0027536, DOI 10.1037/A0027536]; West-Eberhard MJ, 2003, DEV PLASTICITY EVOLU; Wolf M, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P15825, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0805473105	50	24	24	0	29	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC	WASHINGTON	750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA	0012-1649			DEV PSYCHOL	Dev. Psychol.	MAY	2012	48	3					591	597		10.1037/a0027651				7	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	932JK	WOS:000303287200001	22545847				2019-02-21	
J	Ellis, BJ; Del Giudice, M; Dishion, TJ; Figueredo, AJ; Gray, P; Griskevicius, V; Hawley, PH; Jacobs, WJ; James, J; Volk, AA; Wilson, DS				Ellis, Bruce J.; Del Giudice, Marco; Dishion, Thomas J.; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Gray, Peter; Griskevicius, Vladas; Hawley, Patricia H.; Jacobs, W. Jake; James, Jenee; Volk, Anthony A.; Wilson, David Sloan			The Evolutionary Basis of Risky Adolescent Behavior: Implications for Science, Policy, and Practice	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						evolution and development; evolutionary psychology; environmental mismatch; bullying; intervention	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS; PARENT-CHILD CONFLICT; TREATMENT FOSTER-CARE; FAMILY CHECK-UP; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; JUVENILE JUSTICE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; PUBERTAL MATURATION	This article proposes an evolutionary model of risky behavior in adolescence and contrasts it with the prevailing developmental psychopathology model. The evolutionary model contends that understanding the evolutionary functions of adolescence is critical to explaining why adolescents engage in risky behavior and that successful intervention depends on working with, instead of against, adolescent goals and motivations. The current article articulates 5 key evolutionary insights into risky adolescent behavior: (a) The adolescent transition is an inflection point in development of social status and reproductive trajectories; (b) interventions need to address the adaptive functions of risky and aggressive behaviors like bullying; (c) risky adolescent behavior adaptively calibrates over development to match both harsh and unpredictable environmental conditions; (d) understanding evolved sex differences is critical for understanding the psychology of risky behavior; and (e) mismatches between current and past environments can dysregulate adolescent behavior, as demonstrated by age-segregated social groupings. The evolutionary model has broad implications for designing interventions for high-risk youth and suggests new directions for research that have not been forthcoming from other perspectives.	[Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Del Giudice, Marco] Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Turin, Italy; [Dishion, Thomas J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Jacobs, W. Jake] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Gray, Peter] Boston Coll, Dept Psychol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA; [Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Hawley, Patricia H.] Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA; [James, Jenee] Univ Arizona, Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Volk, Anthony A.] Brock Univ, Dept Child & Youth Studies, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [Wilson, David Sloan] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Biol, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA; [Wilson, David Sloan] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Anthropol, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA	Ellis, BJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, McClelland Pk,650 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	bjellis@email.arizona.edu	Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010	Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573			ADLER NE, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V269, P3140, DOI 10.1001/jama.269.24.3140; Allsworth JE, 2005, ANN EPIDEMIOL, V15, P438, DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.12.010; Anda D. 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MAY	2012	48	3					598	623		10.1037/a0026220				26	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	932JK	WOS:000303287200002	22122473				2019-02-21	
J	Belsky, J; Schlomer, GL; Ellis, BJ				Belsky, Jay; Schlomer, Gabriel L.; Ellis, Bruce J.			Beyond Cumulative Risk: Distinguishing Harshness and Unpredictability as Determinants of Parenting and Early Life History Strategy	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						harsh parenting; unpredictable environment; sexual risk taking; life history; maternal depression	REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; ECONOMIC HARDSHIP; EARLY ADOLESCENCE; STRESS; HEALTH; CHILDREN; TRAJECTORIES; PERSPECTIVE; ATTACHMENT	Drawing on life history theory, Ellis and associates' (2009) recent across- and within-species analysis of ecological effects on reproductive development highlighted two fundamental dimensions of environmental variation and influence: harshness and unpredictability. To evaluate the unique contributions of these factors, the authors of present article examined data from a national sample 1364 mothers and their children participating in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Harshness was operationalized as income-to-needs ratio in the first 5 years of life; unpredictability was indexed by residential changes, paternal transitions, and parental job changes during this same period. Here the proposition was tested that these factors not only uniquely predict accelerated life-history strategy, operationalized in terms of sexual behavior at age 15, but that such effects are mediated by change over the early-childhood years in maternal depression and, thereby, observed maternal sensitivity in the early-elementary-school years. Structural equation modeling provided empirical support for Ellis et al.'s (2009) theorizing, calling attention once again to the contribution of evolutionary analysis to understanding contemporary human parenting and development. Implications of the findings for intervention are discussed.	[Belsky, Jay] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Belsky, Jay] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Psychol Sci, London, England; [Schlomer, Gabriel L.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Res & Outreach, Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Belsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	jbelsky@ucdavis.edu		Belsky, Jay/0000-0003-2191-2503			ADLER NE, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V269, P3140, DOI 10.1001/jama.269.24.3140; Allhusen V, 2001, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P457; BATESON P, 1994, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V9, P399, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90066-3; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; Baumer EP, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P540, DOI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00540.x; Belsky J, 2006, DEV PSYCHOL, V42, P38, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.38; Belsky J, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P293; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; BELSKY J, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x; Belsky J, 2000, GENETIC INFLUENCES ON HUMAN FERTILITY AND SEXUALITY, P127; Belsky J, 2010, DEV PSYCHOL, V46, P120, DOI 10.1037/a0015549; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Bronfenbrenner U., 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV; Brown T., 2006, CONFIRMATORY FACTOR; Brumbach BH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P25, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3; Cameron NM, 2005, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V29, P843, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.022; Capaldi DM, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P344, DOI 10.2307/1131818; Chen E, 2002, PSYCHOL BULL, V128, P295, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.295; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; CHISHOLM JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX; Cohen J., 2003, APPL MULTIPLE REGRES; Collins LM, 2001, PSYCHOL METHODS, V6, P330, DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.6.4.330; CONGER RD, 1990, J MARRIAGE FAM, V52, P643, DOI 10.2307/352931; Conger RD, 2002, DEV PSYCHOL, V38, P179, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.38.2.179; CONGER RD, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P541, DOI 10.2307/1131401; Crowder K, 2004, J MARRIAGE FAM, V66, P721, DOI 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00049.x; DOBZHANSKY T, 1973, AM BIOL TEACH, V35, P125, DOI 10.2307/4444260; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Ellis B. 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J	Simpson, JA; Griskevicius, V; Kuo, SIC; Sung, S; Collins, WA				Simpson, Jeffry A.; Griskevicius, Vladas; Kuo, Sally I-Chun; Sung, Sooyeon; Collins, W. Andrew			Evolution, Stress, and Sensitive Periods: The Influence of Unpredictability in Early Versus Late Childhood on Sex and Risky Behavior	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						life stress; social development; sexual behavior; evolution; life history theory	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; FATHER ABSENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; DYING YOUNG; LIVING FAST; NEIGHBORHOODS; HEALTH	According to a recent evolutionary life history model of development proposed by Ellis, Figueredo, Brumbach, and Schlomer (2009), growing up in harsh versus unpredictable environments should have unique effects on life history strategies in adulthood. Using data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, we tested how harshness and unpredictability experienced in early childhood (age 0-5) versus in later childhood (age 6-16) uniquely predicted sexual and risky behavior at age 23. Findings showed that the strongest predictor of both sexual and risky behavior was an unpredictable environment between ages 0 and 5. Individuals exposed to more unpredictable, rapidly changing environments during the first 5 years of life displayed a faster life history strategy at age 23 by having more sexual partners, engaging in more aggressive and delinquent behaviors, and being more likely to be associated with criminal activities. In contrast, exposure to either harsh environments or experiencing unpredictability in later childhood (age 6-16) was, for the most part, not significantly related to these outcomes at age 23. Viewed together, these findings show that unpredictable rather than merely harsh childhood environments exert unique effects on risky behavior later in life consistent with a faster life history strategy. The findings also suggest that there is a developmentally sensitive period for assessing environmental unpredictability during the first 5 years of life.	[Simpson, Jeffry A.; Sung, Sooyeon] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Kuo, Sally I-Chun; Collins, W. Andrew] Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA	Simpson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.	simps108@umn.edu		Simpson, Jeff/0000-0003-1899-2493			Achenbach T M, 2000, Pediatr Rev, V21, P265, DOI 10.1542/pir.21-8-265; Achenbach T. 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J	Nettle, D; Frankenhuis, WE; Rickard, IJ				Nettle, Daniel; Frankenhuis, Willem E.; Rickard, Ian J.			The Adaptive Basis of Psychosocial Acceleration: Comment on Beyond Mental Health, Life History Strategies Articles	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Editorial Material						psychosocial acceleration theory; developmental plasticity; evolutionary developmental psychology; father absence	ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FATHER ABSENCE; DYING YOUNG; LIVING FAST; EXPERIENCE; DAUGHTERS; PREGNANCY; CHILDHOOD; MENARCHE; INFANTS	Four of the articles published in this special section of Developmental Psychology build on and refine psychosocial acceleration theory. In this short commentary, we discuss some of the adaptive assumptions of psychosocial acceleration theory that have not received much attention. Psychosocial acceleration theory relies on the behavior of caregivers being a reliable cue of broader ecological conditions and on those ecological conditions being somewhat stable over the individual's lifetime. There is a scope for empirical and theoretical work investigating the range of environments over which these assumptions hold, to understand more deeply why it is that early life family environment exerts such reliable effects on later life-history strategy.	[Nettle, Daniel] Newcastle Univ, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England; [Nettle, Daniel] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England; [Frankenhuis, Willem E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA; [Rickard, Ian J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Nettle, D (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Henry Wellcome Bldg,Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.	daniel.nettle@ncl.ac.uk		Nettle, Daniel/0000-0001-9089-2599			Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1302, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P662, DOI 10.1037/a0024454; Cameron NM, 2008, HORM BEHAV, V54, P178, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.02.013; CHENEY DL, 1977, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V2, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF00299742; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Dishion TJ, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P703, DOI 10.1037/a0027304; Ellis BJ, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P801, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00569; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Frankenhuis WE, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P628, DOI 10.1037/a0025629; James J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P687, DOI 10.1037/a0026427; Jones ME, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P10023, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0711236105; Maestripieri D, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1243, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3059; Maestripieri D, 2004, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V7, P560, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00380.x; Nettle D., 2009, EVOLUTION GENETICS P; Nettle D, 2012, J ETHOL, V30, P109, DOI 10.1007/s10164-011-0303-z; Nettle D, 2011, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V278, P1721, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2010.1726; Nettle D, 2010, BEHAV ECOL, V21, P387, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arp202; Pesonen AK, 2008, AM J HUM BIOL, V20, P345, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20735; Potts R, 1998, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V7, P81, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)7:3<81::AID-EVAN3>3.3.CO;2-1; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; Quinlan RJ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P121, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3690; Richerson PJ, 2001, AM ANTIQUITY, V66, P387, DOI 10.2307/2694241; ROITBERG BD, 1993, NATURE, V364, P108, DOI 10.1038/364108a0; Simpson JA, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P674, DOI 10.1037/a0027293; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Thomsen L, 2011, SCIENCE, V331, P477, DOI 10.1126/science.1199198; Tither JM, 2008, DEV PSYCHOL, V44, P1409, DOI 10.1037/a0013065	29	6	6	0	12	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC	WASHINGTON	750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA	0012-1649			DEV PSYCHOL	Dev. Psychol.	MAY	2012	48	3					718	721		10.1037/a0027507				4	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	932JK	WOS:000303287200012	22545851				2019-02-21	
J	Gibbons, FX; Roberts, ME; Gerrard, M; Li, ZG; Beach, SRH; Simons, RL; Weng, CY; Philibert, RA				Gibbons, Frederick X.; Roberts, Megan E.; Gerrard, Meg; Li, Zhigang; Beach, Steven R. H.; Simons, Ronald L.; Weng, Chili-Yuan; Philibert, Robert A.			The Impact of Stress on the Life History Strategies of African American Adolescents: Cognitions, Genetic Moderation, and the Role of Discrimination	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						life history strategy; discrimination; stress; cognition; African American	SUBSTANCE USE; DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION; RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; HEALTH-RISK; CHILDREN	The impact of 3 different sources of stress-environmental, familial (e.g., low parental investment), and interpersonal (i.e., racial discrimination)-on the life history strategies (LHS) and associated cognitions of African American adolescents were examined over an 11-year period (5 waves, from age 10.5 to 21.5). Analyses indicated that each one of the sources of stress was associated with faster LHS cognitions (e.g., tolerance of deviance, willingness to engage in risky sex), which, in turn, predicted faster LHS behaviors (e.g., frequent sexual behavior). LHS, then, negatively predicted outcome (resilience) at age 21.5 (i.e., faster LHS -> less resilience). In addition, presence of the risk ("sensitivity") alleles of 2 monoamine-regulating genes, the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) and the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), moderated the impact of perceived racial discrimination on LHS cognitions: Participants with more risk alleles (higher "sensitivity") reported faster LHS cognitions at age 18 and less resilience at age 21 if they had experienced higher amounts of discrimination and slower LHS and more resilience if they had experienced smaller amounts of discrimination. Implications for LHS theories are discussed.	[Gibbons, Frederick X.; Roberts, Megan E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Psychol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Gerrard, Meg; Li, Zhigang] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Psychol, Hanover, NH USA; [Beach, Steven R. H.; Simons, Ronald L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Philibert, Robert A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA	Gibbons, FX (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Psychol Psychol & Brain Sci, Moore Hall,Hinman Box 6207, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.	Frederick.x.gibbons@dartmouth.edu		Philibert, Robert/0000-0001-7822-4977	NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH062668, MH062668]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA021898, DA018871, P30 DA027827, R01 DA021898, T32 DA016184, R01 DA018871]; NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA023108]		American Heart Association, 2010, HEART DIS STROK STAT; Anderson E., 1997, VIOLENCE CHILDHOOD I, P1, DOI [10.1017/CB09780511571015.002, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511571015.002]; Aud S., 2010, 201028 NCES; Beach SRH, 2010, J FAM PSYCHOL, V24, P513, DOI 10.1037/a0020835; Beach SRH, 2010, AM J MED GENET B, V153B, P710, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.31028; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 2009, PSYCHOL BULL, V135, P885, DOI 10.1037/a0017376; Bennett GG, 2005, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V95, P238, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.037812; Bjorklund D. F., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P828; Bjorklund D. 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L., PERSONALITY IN PRESS; Tooby J., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P5, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470939376.CH1; West HC, 2010, PRISONERS 2009; Williams DR, 2003, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V93, P200, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.200; Wills TA, 2000, HEALTH PSYCHOL, V19, P253, DOI 10.1037//0278-6133.19.3.253; Wittchen U. H., 1991, U MICHIGAN COMPOSITE; Zautra A. J., 2010, HDB ADULT RESILIENCE, P3	88	33	34	0	23	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC	WASHINGTON	750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA	0012-1649			DEV PSYCHOL	Dev. Psychol.	MAY	2012	48	3					722	739		10.1037/a0026599				18	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	932JK	WOS:000303287200013	22251000	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Bugental, DB				Bugental, Daphne Blunt			Adaptive Calibration of Children's Physiological Responses to Family Stress: The Utility of Evolutionary Developmental Theory: Comment on Del Giudice et al. (2012) and Sturge-Apple et al. (2012)	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Editorial Material						life history theory; family; stress; physiological responses	CORTISOL; HEALTH	Children's physiological reactions to stress are presented from the broader theoretical perspective of adaptive calibration to the environment, as rooted in life history theory. Del Giudice, Hinnant, Ellis, and El-Sheikh (2012) focus on children's physiological responses to a stressful task as a consequence of their history of family stress. Sturge-Apple, Davies, Martin, Cicchetti, and Hentges (2012) focus on the ways that children respond to a novel laboratory manipulation as a combined function of their temperament patterns and the harshness of their parental environment. The theoretical perspective employed provides an overarching framework that not only accounts for the findings presented here but also has heuristic value for future research on responses to early environmental risk. Future work in this area will benefit by inclusion of additional sympathetic nervous system (SNS) markers and neurotransmitters, inclusion of the role of gene expression in adaptive calibration, broader consideration of protective factors in the child's environment, and longitudinal work demonstrating the effects of adaptive calibration on children's future life history strategies and outcomes.	Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Bugental, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	bugental@psych.ucsb.edu					BJORKLUND DF, 2002, HDB PARENTING, V2, P3; Boyd R, 2011, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V108, P10918, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1100290108; Bugental DB, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P1443, DOI 10.1037/a0027303; Bugental DB, 2010, MIND BRAIN EDUC, V4, P159, DOI 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2010.01095.x; Bugental DB, 2010, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V106, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.004; Coall DA, 2010, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V33, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09991105; Del Giudice M, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P775, DOI 10.1037/a0026519; Ellis BJ, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P303, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050157; Ellis BJ, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P598, DOI 10.1037/a0026220; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Fox NA, 2005, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V56, P235, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141532; Hane AA, 2010, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V52, P558, DOI 10.1002/dev.20461; Liu D, 2000, NAT NEUROSCI, V3, P799; Sameroff A., 2009, T MODEL DEV CHILDREN, P3, DOI DOI 10.1037/11877-000; Spinrad TL, 2009, HORM BEHAV, V56, P133, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.03.020; Sturge-Apple ML, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P791, DOI 10.1037/a0026908; Taylor SE, 2004, J PERS, V72, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00300.x; Taylor SE, 2011, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V23, P939, DOI 10.1017/S0954579411000411; West-Eberhard MJ, 2003, DEV PLASTICITY EVOLU	19	1	1	0	9	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC	WASHINGTON	750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA	0012-1649			DEV PSYCHOL	Dev. Psychol.	MAY	2012	48	3					806	809		10.1037/a0027477				4	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	932JK	WOS:000303287200019	22545853				2019-02-21	
J	Ozgul, A; Coulson, T; Reynolds, A; Cameron, TC; Benton, TG				Ozgul, Arpat; Coulson, Tim; Reynolds, Alan; Cameron, Tom C.; Benton, Tim G.			Population Responses to Perturbations: The Importance of Trait-Based Analysis Illustrated through a Microcosm Experiment	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						integral projection model; matrix population model; Sancassania berlesei; soil mite; trait-based demography; transient perturbation analysis; transient population dynamics	INDIVIDUAL SIZE VARIATION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM; TRANSIENT DYNAMICS; MODEL	Environmental change continually perturbs populations from a stable state, leading to transient dynamics that can last multiple generations. Several long-term studies have reported changes in trait distributions along with demographic response to environmental change. Here we conducted an experimental study on soil mites and investigated the interaction between demography and an individual trait over a period of nonstationary dynamics. By following individual fates and body sizes at each life-history stage, we investigated how body size and population density influenced demographic rates. By comparing the ability of two alternative approaches, a matrix projection model and an integral projection model, we investigated whether consideration of trait-based demography enhances our ability to predict transient dynamics. By utilizing a prospective perturbation analysis, we addressed which stage-specific demographic or trait-transition rate had the greatest influence on population dynamics. Both body size and population density had important effects on most rates; however, these effects differed substantially among life-history stages. Considering the observed trait-demography relationships resulted in better predictions of a population's response to perturbations, which highlights the role of phenotypic plasticity in transient dynamics. Although the perturbation analyses provided comparable predictions of stage-specific elasticities between the matrix and integral projection models, the order of importance of the life-history stages differed between the two analyses. In conclusion, we demonstrate how a trait-based demographic approach provides further insight into transient population dynamics.	[Ozgul, Arpat; Coulson, Tim] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England; [Ozgul, Arpat] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England; [Reynolds, Alan; Cameron, Tom C.; Benton, Tim G.] Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Cameron, Tom C.] Umea Univ, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden	Ozgul, A (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.	a.ozgul@imperial.ac.uk	Cameron, Tom/H-9555-2012; Ozgul, Arpat/K-2032-2012	Cameron, Tom/0000-0002-5875-1494; Ozgul, Arpat/0000-0001-7477-2642; Benton, Tim/0000-0002-7448-1973; Coulson, Tim/0000-0001-9371-9003	Natural Environmental Research Council; European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E015964/1, NE/I021594/1]	This work was funded by grants from the Natural Environmental Research Council (to A.O., T. C., and T. G. B.) and the European Research Council (to T. C.). We would like to thank V. Grimm and the two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments that improved the quality of our work.	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Nat.	MAY	2012	179	5					582	594		10.1086/664999				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	926VI	WOS:000302859600006	22504541	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Schroder, SL; Knudsen, CM; Pearsons, TN; Kassler, TW; Beall, EP; Young, SF; Fast, DE				Schroder, Steve L.; Knudsen, Curtis M.; Pearsons, Todd N.; Kassler, Todd W.; Beall, Edward P.; Young, Sewall F.; Fast, David E.			Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						Spring Chinook salmon; Jacks; Precocious males; Breeding success; Relative breeding success	WILD ATLANTIC-SALMON; PRECOCIOUS MALE MATURATION; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; 1ST-GENERATION HATCHERY; SPERM COMPETITION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; YAKIMA RIVER; MALE PARR; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS	In 1997 the Cle Elum Supplementation Research Facility was established to enhance spring Chinook salmon returning to the upper Yakima River, Washington State. This effort increased spring Chinook abundance, yet conditions at the hatchery also significantly elevated the occurrence of jacks and yearling precocious males. The potential genetic effect that a large influx of early maturing males might have on the upper Yakima River spring Chinook population was examined in an artificial stream. Seven independent groups of fish were placed into the stream from 2001 through 2005. Males with four different life history strategies, large anadromous, jacks, yearling precocious, and sub-yearling precocious were used. Their breeding success or ability to produce offspring was estimated by performing DNA-based pedigree assessments. Large anadromous males spawned with the most females and produced the greatest number of offspring per mate. Jacks and yearling precocious males spawned with more females than sub-yearling precocious males. However, jacks, yearling and sub-yearling precocious males obtained similar numbers of fry per mate. In the test groups, large anadromous males produced 89%, jacks 3%, yearling precocious 7%, and sub-yearling precocious 1% of the fry. These percentages remained stable even though the proportion of large anadromous males in the test groups ranged from 48% to 88% and tertiary sex ratios varied from 1.4 to 2.4 males per female. Our data suggest that large anadromous males generate most of the fry in natural settings when half or more of the males present on a spawning ground use this life history strategy.	[Schroder, Steve L.; Kassler, Todd W.; Young, Sewall F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA; [Knudsen, Curtis M.] Oncorh Consulting, Olympia, WA 98501 USA; [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA 98823 USA; [Beall, Edward P.] INRA, F-64310 St Pee Sur Nivelle, France; [Fast, David E.] Yakama Nation, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA	Schroder, SL (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.	schrosls@dfw.wa.gov			Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) [1995-063-25]	We thank State of the Salmon and the organizers of the "Ecological Interactions between Wild and Hatchery Salmon" symposium for giving us an opportunity to present this information. Our field work would have been impossible without considerable assistance from Yakama Nation staff Charles Strom, Vernon Bogar, DJ Brownlee, Greg Strom, Simon Goudy, Quinn Jones, Annie Jo Parrish, Jason Rau, and Dan Barrett all located at the CESRF. Mark Johnston, Joe Hoptowit, Gerry Lewis, Ray Decoteau, and Antoine Marek collected and transported all the fish used in our experiments from the Roza Adult Monitoring Facility to the CESRF. Other Yakama Nation staff, Bill Bosch, David Lind, and Paul Huffman also supported us in numerous ways. Jen Scott, Mike Hamlin, Anthony Fritts, Gene Sanborn, Jordan Vandal, Kurt Fresh, Eric Volk, Gabriel Temple, Timothy Webster, Charity Davidson, Chris Johnson and Molly Kelly all from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife helped make observations, assisted us while we cleaned and repaired the artificial stream, or were involved in the capture and sampling of fry. Personnel in WDFW's Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Jim Shaklee, Alice Frye, Jennifer Von Bargen, Norm Switzler, Cherril Bowman, Mo Small, Janet Loxterman, and Denise Hawkins helped with pedigree analyses. Two anonymous reviewers and Barry Berejikian considerably improved the manuscript by their helpful comments and suggestions. We also extend our appreciation to the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) for funding this work as part of the Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project (project 1995-063-25). David Byrnes and Patty Smith of BPA provided administrative support for the project.	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C, 1991, PACIFIC SALMON LIFE; Hoysak DJ, 2004, CAN J ZOOL, V82, P1017, DOI 10.1139/Z04-073; HUTCHINGS JA, 1985, CAN J ZOOL, V63, P2219, DOI 10.1139/z85-327; HUTCHINGS JA, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF00378593; Jones MW, 2002, ECOL APPL, V12, P184, DOI 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0184:IVIASF]2.0.CO;2; Jones MW, 2001, HEREDITY, V86, P675, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00880.x; Knudsen CM, 2010, YAKIMA KLICKITAT FIS; Knudsen CM, 2006, T AM FISH SOC, V135, P1130, DOI 10.1577/T05-121.1; Koseki Y, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P1717, DOI 10.1139/F02-143; Larsen DA, 2004, T AM FISH SOC, V133, P98, DOI 10.1577/T03-031; Larsen DA, 2010, T AM FISH SOC, V139, P564, DOI 10.1577/T08-209.1; Lotspeich FB, 1981, 369 US FOR SERV PAC; Marshall TC, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P639, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00374.x; Martinez JL, 2001, FRESHWATER BIOL, V46, P835, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00711.x; Mjolnerod IB, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P70, DOI 10.1139/cjz-76-1-70; Mobrand LE, 2005, FISHERIES, V30, P11, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[11:HRIWS]2.0.CO;2; MULLAN JW, 1992, PROG FISH CULT, V54, P25, DOI 10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0025:CLHAPO>2.3.CO;2; OCONNELL MF, 1993, J FISH BIOL, V42, P551; Pearsons TN, 2009, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V29, P778, DOI 10.1577/M08-069.1; Quinn TP, 1996, ETHOLOGY, V102, P304, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1996.tb01127.x; Rich W. H., 1920, US BUR FISH B, V37, P1; Roberge C, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P314, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03438.x; RUTTER C, 1902, US FISH COMMISSION B, V22, P65; Sampson M, 2009, DOEBP000378221 BPA; Saura M, 2008, FRESHWATER BIOL, V53, P2375, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02062.x; Schroder SL, 2008, T AM FISH SOC, V137, P1475, DOI 10.1577/T07-123.1; Schroder SL, 2010, T AM FISH SOC, V139, P989, DOI 10.1577/T08-143.1; Sharma R, 2006, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V63, P423, DOI 10.1139/F05-228; Shearer KD, 2000, AQUACULTURE, V190, P343, DOI 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00406-3; Small MP, 2009, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V66, P1216, DOI 10.1139/F09-068; Sokal RR, 1995, BIOMETRY; *SYSTAT SOFTW INC, 2007, SYSTAT WIND VERS 12; Taborsky M, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P222, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01318-9; Taggart JB, 2001, MOL ECOL, V10, P1047, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01254.x; Thorpe J. E., 1994, Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, V25, P77, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00668.x; Unwin MJ, 1999, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V56, P1172, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-56-7-1172; Unwin MJ, 1997, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V54, P1235, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-54-6-1235; Vladic TV, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P2375, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1768; Zimmerman CE, 2003, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V23, P1006, DOI 10.1577/M02-015	63	9	9	1	23	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0378-1909	1573-5133		ENVIRON BIOL FISH	Environ. Biol. Fishes	MAY	2012	94	1			SI		231	248		10.1007/s10641-011-9789-z				18	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	925EB	WOS:000302742500017		Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Fierer, N; Lauber, CL; Ramirez, KS; Zaneveld, J; Bradford, MA; Knight, R				Fierer, Noah; Lauber, Christian L.; Ramirez, Kelly S.; Zaneveld, Jesse; Bradford, Mark A.; Knight, Rob			Comparative metagenomic, phylogenetic and physiological analyses of soil microbial communities across nitrogen gradients	ISME JOURNAL			English	Article						shotgun metagenomics; pyrosequencing; soil bacteria; nitrogen fertilization; soil carbon dynamics	BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ENRICHMENT; ECOSYSTEM; FERTILIZATION; LIMITATION; DEPOSITION; DECOMPOSITION; METAANALYSIS	Terrestrial ecosystems are receiving elevated inputs of nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic sources and understanding how these increases in N availability affect soil microbial communities is critical for predicting the associated effects on belowground ecosystems. We used a suite of approaches to analyze the structure and functional characteristics of soil microbial communities from replicated plots in two long-term N fertilization experiments located in contrasting systems. Pyrosequencing-based analyses of 16S rRNA genes revealed no significant effects of N fertilization on bacterial diversity, but significant effects on community composition at both sites; copiotrophic taxa (including members of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla) typically increased in relative abundance in the high N plots, with oligotrophic taxa (mainly Acidobacteria) exhibiting the opposite pattern. Consistent with the phylogenetic shifts under N fertilization, shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed increases in the relative abundances of genes associated with DNA/RNA replication, electron transport and protein metabolism, increases that could be resolved even with the shallow shotgun metagenomic sequencing conducted here (average of 75 000 reads per sample). We also observed shifts in the catabolic capabilities of the communities across the N gradients that were significantly correlated with the phylogenetic and metagenomic responses, indicating possible linkages between the structure and functioning of soil microbial communities. Overall, our results suggest that N fertilization may, directly or indirectly, induce a shift in the predominant microbial life-history strategies, favoring a more active, copiotrophic microbial community, a pattern that parallels the often observed replacement of K-selected with r-selected plant species with elevated N. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 1007-1017; doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.159; published online 1 December 2011	[Fierer, Noah; Lauber, Christian L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Fierer, Noah; Ramirez, Kelly S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Zaneveld, Jesse] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Bradford, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA; [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Knight, Rob] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA	Fierer, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Campus Box 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.	Noah.Fierer@colorado.edu	Knight, Rob/D-1299-2010; Bradford, Mark/G-3850-2012	Bradford, Mark/0000-0002-2022-8331; Ramirez, Kelly/0000-0001-9227-5754; Knight, Rob/0000-0002-0975-9019; FIERER, NOAH/0000-0002-6432-4261	Howard Hughes Medical Institute; National Institutes of Health; US Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation; Andrew W Mellon Foundation; US Department of Energy	We thank members of the Fierer lab and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript and Joe Jones at Engencore for his help with the 454 sequencing. We thank the members of the CC LTER, including David Tilman and Linda Kinkel, and the members of KBS LTER, particularly Jay Lennon and Zach Aanderud, for assisting with sample collection. Funding for this work was provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (RK) the National Institutes of Health (RK), the US Department of Agriculture (NF), the National Science Foundation (NF, RK), the Andrew W Mellon Foundation (NF, MAB) and the US Department of Energy (MAB).	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MAY	2012	6	5					1007	1017		10.1038/ismej.2011.159				11	Ecology; Microbiology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology	928AA	WOS:000302950700010	22134642	Other Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Highton, R; Hastings, AP; Palmer, C; Watts, R; Hass, CA; Culver, M; Arnold, SJ				Highton, Richard; Hastings, Amy Picard; Palmer, Catherine; Watts, Richard; Hass, Carla A.; Culver, Melanie; Arnold, Stevan J.			Concurrent speciation in the eastern woodland salamanders (Genus Plethodon): DNA sequences of the complete albumin nuclear and partial mitochondrial 12s genes	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Albumin DNA sequences; Plethodon; Speciation; Taxonomy; 12s mtDNA sequences	GEOGRAPHIC PROTEIN VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICAN SALAMANDERS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; CINEREUS GROUP; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE; RADIATION; DISTANCE	Salamanders of the North American plethodontid genus Plethodon are important model organisms in a variety of studies that depend on a phylogenetic framework (e.g., chemical communication, ecological competition, life histories, hybridization, and speciation), and consequently their systematics has been intensively investigated over several decades. Nevertheless, we lack a synthesis of relationships among the species. In the analyses reported here we use new DNA sequence data from the complete nuclear albumin gene (1818 bp) and the 12s mitochondrial gene (355 bp), as well as published data for four other genes (Wiens et al., 2006), up to a total of 6989 bp, to infer relationships. We relate these results to past systematic work based on morphology, allozymes, and DNA sequences. Although basal relationships show a strong consensus across studies, many terminal relationships remain in flux despite substantial sequencing and other molecular and morphological studies. This systematic instability appears to be a consequence of contemporaneous bursts of speciation in the late Miocene and Pliocene, yielding many closely related extant species in each of the four eastern species groups. Therefore we conclude that many relationships are likely to remain poorly resolved in the face of additional sequencing efforts. On the other hand, the current classification of the 45 eastern species into four species groups is supported. The Plethodon cinereus group (10 species) is the sister group to the clade comprising the other three groups, but these latter groups (Plethodon glutinosus [28 species], Plethodon welleri [5 species], and Plethodon wehrlei [2 species]) probably diverged from each other at approximately the same time. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc.	[Highton, Richard] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Hastings, Amy Picard; Palmer, Catherine; Watts, Richard; Arnold, Stevan J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA; [Hass, Carla A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Highton, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.	rhighto1@umd.edu			NSF [IOS-0818554]	We would like to thank Jill Slattery, Jan Martenson, Stephen J. O'Brien and Stan Cevario for expert technical assistance, advice, and resources, and Margaret Hurst, Monica Dorin, and Chun-ju Wang aided in the laboratory work for the 12s work. Allan Larson and Tom A. Titus sent us two of their unpublished sequences. J. Wiens kindly sent us the sequences of the four genes that his group reported. W. Savage sent us the two 12s sequences for Ambystoma maculatum and A. texanum. Colin Rose, Jong Park, and Sam Foo helped with the computer work. Michael Braun, Shawn Kuchta, Allan Larson, Stephen Tilley, and Addison Winn provided especially helpful comments on the manuscript. We also wish to thank all those who helped with the field work and all the federal and state agencies that issued collecting permits, as well as financial support of NSF Grant IOS-0818554 to Lynne D. Houck and SJA for the albumin sequencing.	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J	de Gouvenain, RC; Delgadillo, J				de Gouvenain, Roland C.; Delgadillo, Jose			Geographical variation in population demography and life history traits of Tecate cypress (Hesperocyparis forbesii) suggests a fire regime gradient across the USA-Mexico border	PLANT ECOLOGY			English	Article						California; Callitropsis forbesii; Closed-cone cypress; Cupressus forbesii; Life history evolution; Serotiny	SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SHRUBLANDS; NORTHERN BAJA-CALIFORNIA; PINUS-BANKSIANA; CONE SEROTINY; FOREST-FIRE; JACK PINE; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; INTERVAL; MODEL	Plant adaptations to fire often display spatial heterogeneity associated with geographical variation in fire regime. We examined whether populations of the Tecate cypress (Hesperocyparis forbesii Adams) in southern California and northern Baja, Mexico, exhibited spatial heterogeneity in cone serotiny, in other life history traits associated with fire-adaptation, and in population demographic structure, to assess a putative difference in fire regime across the USA-Mexico border. Demographic data, tree life history data, and tree ring series were used to compare the demographic structure and life history traits of three populations in southern California with three populations in northern Baja California. In Baja populations, a greater number of tree size classes were present (chi (2) = 12,589; P < 0.05), cone serotiny was more facultative (Mann-Whitney U = 58, P < 0.05), and young adult trees had a higher reproductive output (Mann-Whitney U = 2.65, P < 0.05), suggesting that a difference in fire regime between southern California and northern Baja has existed long enough (ca 8000 years) to drive microevolutionary divergence between the two sets of populations, and is not solely the result of 20th century differences in fire management policies across the international border. The transitional area between the two different fire regimes does not appear to coincide with the border itself but may lie in a zone of ecological transition south of Ensenada. The range of phenotypic variation observed within the Tecate cypress metapopulation suggests this species has the capacity to adapt to future environmental changes.	[de Gouvenain, Roland C.] Rhode Isl Coll, Providence, RI 02908 USA; [Delgadillo, Jose] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias, Ensenada, BC, Mexico	de Gouvenain, RC (reprint author), Rhode Isl Coll, 600 Mt Pleasant Ave, Providence, RI 02908 USA.	rdegouvenain@ric.edu			Chapman University, Rhode Island College; National Science Foundation-Rhode Island; Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico	We thank Jim Bartel, Ibes Fabian Davila Flores, Jocelyne and Trevonte de Gouvenain, and Edelyn Ramirez Espinoza for their help in the field, and Kristin Chauvin and Katherine D'Ovidio for their help in preparing and analyzing field samples and tree cores. We thank the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service for allowing us to conduct research on federal lands and Saul Martin del Campo for allowing us to conduct research on his property. We are especially grateful to Joyce Schlachter for her logistical assistance. This manuscript benefited from discussions with Jim Bartel, Jon Keeley, Richard Minnich, and Sula Vanderplank, and from comments from three anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by grants from Chapman University, Rhode Island College, the National Science Foundation-Rhode Island Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and in-kind support from the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico.	Barbour MG, 2007, TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION OF CALIFORNIA, 3RD EDITION, P296; Bond WJ, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P387, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.025; Borchert M. 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J	Pavan, SE; Rossi, RV; Schneider, H				Pavan, Silvia Eliza; Rossi, Rogerio Vieira; Schneider, Horacio			Species diversity in the Monodelphis brevicaudata complex (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data, with the description of a new species	ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						Amazon; Monodelphis arlindoi sp; nov; Monodelphis touan; phylogeny; short-tailed opossum; systematics	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SHORT-TAILED OPOSSUM; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MARSUPIALIA; POPULATIONS; DOMESTICA; SEQUENCES; VENEZUELA; COLOMBIA	The Monodelphis brevicaudata complex comprises the short-tailed opossum M. brevicaudata and allied forms that inhabit northern and middle South America. We studied the systematics of this complex through a combination of molecular (cytochrome b and 16S rDNA) and morphological (external and craniodental) characters. Our evidence shows that M. brevicaudata as currently recognized comprises three different species: M. brevicaudata; Monodelphis touan, resurrected from the synonymy of M. brevicaudata; and a new species described here. Other species formally recognized in the M. brevicaudata complex include Monodelphis palliolata, Monodelphis glirina, Monodelphis maraxina, Monodelphis domestica, and two additional forms for which formal descriptions are still missing.	[Pavan, Silvia Eliza; Rossi, Rogerio Vieira] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Programa Posgrad Zool, BR-66077530 Belem, Para, Brazil; [Schneider, Horacio] Fed Univ Para, Nucleo Estudos Costeiros, BR-68600000 Braganca, Para, Brazil	Pavan, SE (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA.	sepavan@yahoo.com	Rossi, Rogerio/I-2176-2015; Schneider, Horacio/J-7131-2012	Schneider, Horacio/0000-0002-5987-6395	Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Smithsonian Institution; USNM	The following curators and collection support staff loaned or permitted analysis of specimens under their care: S. Marques-Aguiar, C. Moraes, J. A. L. Queiroz (MPEG); J. A. de Oliveira, S. M. S. Franco (MN); M. de Vivo, J. G. de Barros (MZUSP); C. R. Silva, E. M. Cardoso (IEPA); M. Santos, M. Lima (UFPI); L. P. Costa, Y. L. R. Leite (UFES); R. W. Thorington Jr., A. L. Gardner, C. Ludwig, L. Gordon (USNM); R. Voss, T. Pacheco, E. Westwig, E. Pannen (AMNH); B. D. Patterson (FMNH); F. Catzeflis (Universidade Montpellier). P. Jenkins, L. Tomsett (BMNH), B. Lim (ROM), B. D. Patterson (FMNH), O. Linares (Universidad Simon Bolivar), C. Bantel, M. N. F. da Silva, and I. T. de Macedo (INPA) kindly sent photos of types, vouchers of molecular samples, and additional specimens. A. Lima, A. P. Carmignotto, A. C. M. Oliveira, A. Junior, B. M. A. Costa, C. Bantel, C. Miranda, D. M. Rossoni, E. G. da Silva, E. Portes, F. Catzeflis, G. S. Lustosa, J. L. Patton, L. G. Vieira, J. Gomes, L. Harada, M. A. Ribeiro-Junior, M. T. Rodrigues, R. C. Amaro, S. Moratto, and S. L. Freitas kindly allowed us to examine several recently collected and uncatalogued specimens, provided tissue samples, or helped with material loan. A. Aleixo, I. Sampaio, J. C. Silva Junior, M. S. Hoogmoed, P. L. Peloso, R. S. Voss, S. Solari, and Y. L. R. Leite provided suggestions on early versions and two anonymous reviewers made valuable suggestions concerning the manuscript. Wilsea Figueiredo provided primers for cytb sequences. A. O. Maciel helped with morphometric analysis. M. Oprea and P. L. Peloso helped with the production of some figures. R. Rodrigues assisted during molecular procedures, and A. C. Pavan and T. Burlamaqui assisted during phylogenetic analysis. M. Oprea, D. Brito, A. C. Pavan, D. Pavan, I. Sampaio, and S. M. Vaz kindly provided lodgings for the senior author during museum visits. S. E. P. received fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, and a grant from the Smithsonian Institution (Short Term Visit Award), which allowed visits to the USNM and AMNH collections. Richard Thorington (USNM) acted as the sponsor of S. E. P. and provided great support during the visit to USNM.	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J	Hunt, GR; Holzhaider, JC; Gray, RD				Hunt, Gavin R.; Holzhaider, Jennifer C.; Gray, Russell D.			Prolonged Parental Feeding in Tool-Using New Caledonian Crows	ETHOLOGY			English	Article							WHITE-WINGED CHOUGHS; CORVUS-MONEDULOIDES; LIFE-HISTORY; HOOK-TOOLS; MANUFACTURE; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; CARE; WILD; DISPERSAL	According to life-history theory, the duration of extended parental feeding is determined by the costs and benefits of maximising reproductive success. Therefore, the length of regular parental provisioning should be correlated with the time required for juveniles to acquire the skills that they need to be independent. The relatively few cases of extremely prolonged parental feeding in both land and sea birds appear to be consistent with this prediction because they are associated with learning-intensive foraging techniques. New Caledonian crows have the most intricate tool manufacture techniques amongst non-human animals and juveniles take over 1 yr to reach adult-like proficiency in their tool skills. We investigated the prediction that this species also should have prolonged parental provisioning. We found that these crows have one of the longest known periods of regular extended parental provisioning in birds. Some parents regularly fed juveniles for up to 10 mo post-fledging. Humans also stand out amongst primates because of their learning-intensive foraging strategies and an extended period of juvenile dependence. The independently evolved association between a relatively high level of technological skill in foraging and prolonged juvenile provisioning in both humans and New Caledonian crows raises the possibility that these two characteristics might be causally related.	[Hunt, Gavin R.; Holzhaider, Jennifer C.; Gray, Russell D.] Univ Auckland, Dept Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand	Hunt, GR (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Psychol, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.	g.hunt@auckland.ac.nz	Gray, Russell/H-2078-2015	Gray, Russell/0000-0002-9858-0191	New Zealand Marsden Fund	We thank the Province des Iles Loyaute for permission to work on Mare and W. Wardrobert and his family for access to their land. Mick Sibley and Maren Wagener assisted us with field observations. We also thank the Editor and the two reviewers for their comments that much improved the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the New Zealand Marsden Fund (R.D.G. and G.R H.).	ASHMOLE NP, 1968, AUK, V85, P90, DOI 10.2307/4083627; Baglione V, 2002, AUK, V119, P790, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0790:CBGOCC]2.0.CO;2; Barrickman NL, 2008, J HUM EVOL, V54, P568, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.08.012; Burger J., 1980, P367; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1991, EVOLUTION PARENTAL C; Cnotka J, 2008, NEUROSCI LETT, V433, P241, DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.026; dos Anjos L., 2009, P494; Ekman J, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1709, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2082; FOGDEN MPL, 1972, IBIS, V114, P307, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1972.tb00831.x; Gurven M, 2006, J HUM EVOL, V51, P454, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.05.003; HEINSOHN RG, 1988, ETHOLOGY, V77, P177; HEINSOHN RG, 1991, AM NAT, V137, P864, DOI 10.1086/285198; Holzhaider JC, 2011, ANIM BEHAV, V81, P83, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.09.015; Holzhaider JC, 2010, BEHAVIOUR, V147, P553, DOI 10.1163/000579510X12629536366284; Hunt GR, 2007, NEW ZEAL J ZOOL, V34, P1; Hunt GR, 2007, BIOL LETTERS, V3, P173, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0603; Hunt GR, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, pS88, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0085; Hunt GR, 2004, ANIM COGN, V7, P114, DOI 10.1007/s10071-003-0200-0; Hunt GR, 1996, NATURE, V379, P249, DOI 10.1038/379249a0; Hunt GR, 2002, EMU, V102, P349, DOI 10.1071/MU01056; Hunt GR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P867, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2302; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-7; Kenward B, 2005, NATURE, V433, P121, DOI 10.1038/433121a; Langen TA, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P367, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.4.367; Mehlhorn J, 2010, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V75, P63, DOI 10.1159/000295151; Morton J. M., 1999, REPROD JUVENILE DISP; Russell EM, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P831, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh088; Rutz C, 2010, SCIENCE, V329, P1523, DOI 10.1126/science.1192053; Shultz S, 2010, BIOL J LINN SOC, V100, P111, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01427.x; Shumaker R. W., 2011, ANIMAL TOOL BEHAV US	30	9	9	1	33	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0179-1613	1439-0310		ETHOLOGY	Ethology	MAY	2012	118	5					423	430		10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02027.x				8	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	924OA	WOS:000302700000001					2019-02-21	
J	Jonker, RM; Kurvers, RHJM; van de Bilt, A; Faber, M; Van Wieren, SE; Prins, HHT; Ydenberg, RC				Jonker, Rudy M.; Kurvers, R. H. J. M.; van de Bilt, A.; Faber, M.; Van Wieren, S. E.; Prins, H. H. T.; Ydenberg, R. C.			Rapid adaptive adjustment of parental care coincident with altered migratory behaviour	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Barnacle geese; Parent-offspring conflict; Migration; Life-history evolution; Branta leucopsis; Colonization	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BARNACLE GEESE; POPULATION; BIRD; PREDATION; SELECTION; MEERKATS	The optimal duration of parental care is shaped by the trade-off between investment in current and expected future reproductive success. A change in migratory behaviour is expected to affect the optimal duration of parental care, because migration and non-migration differ in expectations of future reproductive success as a result of differential adult and/or offspring mortality. Here we studied how a recent emergence of non-migratory behaviour has affected the duration of parental care in the previously (until the 1980s) strictly migratory Russian breeding population of the barnacle geese Branta leucopsis. As a measure of parental care, we compared the vigilance behaviour of parents and non-parents in both migratory and non-migratory barnacle geese throughout the season. We estimated the duration of parental care at 233 days for migratory and 183 days for non-migratory barnacle geese. This constitutes a shortening of the duration of parental care of 21% in 25 years. Barnacle geese are thus able to rapidly adapt their parental care behaviour to ecological conditions associated with altered migratory behaviour. Our study demonstrates that a termination of migratory behaviour resulted in a drastic reduction in parental care and highlights the importance of studying the ecological and behavioural consequences of changes in migratory behaviour and the consequences of these changes for life-history evolution.	[Jonker, Rudy M.; Kurvers, R. H. J. M.; van de Bilt, A.; Faber, M.; Van Wieren, S. E.; Prins, H. H. T.; Ydenberg, R. C.] Wageningen Univ, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Ydenberg, R. C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada	Jonker, RM (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Resource Ecol Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3A, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.	mrjonker@gmail.com	Jonker, Rudy/I-3979-2012		Dutch Fauna-fund; Royal Netherlands Hunters Association (KNJV); Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)	We thank Lysanne Snijders and Marije Kuiper for collecting part of the data. We thank the Tamme family for providing a field station in Estonia and Veljo Volke for arranging permits for fieldwork and other logistic assistance in Estonia. We thank two John Endler, Marcel Klaassen and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Dutch Fauna-fund; the Royal Netherlands Hunters Association (KNJV); and the Schure-Beijerinck-Popping Fund of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).	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Ecol.	MAY	2012	26	3					657	667		10.1007/s10682-011-9514-6				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	923XX	WOS:000302655200015					2019-02-21	
J	Decker, KL; Conway, CJ; Fontaine, JJ				Decker, Karie L.; Conway, Courtney J.; Fontaine, Joseph J.			Nest predation, food, and female age explain seasonal declines in clutch size	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Clutch size; Seasonality; Food abundance; Nest predation; Female age	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TIT PARUS-PALUSTRIS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GREAT TITS; FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; PIED FLYCATCHER; SONG SPARROWS; BREEDING TIME	The selection pressures responsible for intra- and interspecific variation in avian clutch size have been debated for over half a century. Seasonal declines in clutch size represent one of the most robust patterns in avian systems, yet despite extensive research on the subject, the mechanisms underlying this pattern remain largely unknown. We tested a combination of experimental and observational predictions to evaluate ten hypotheses, representing both evolutionary and proximate mechanisms proposed to explain seasonal declines in avian clutch size. In line with long held life-history theory, we found strong support for both an evolved and proximate response to food availability for young. We also found evidence consistent with predictions that proximate level experiential nest predation influences seasonal declines in clutch size. Finally, older females appear to invest more in reproduction (initiate nests earlier and lay larger clutches) and choose better territories than younger females. Our results highlight the importance of examining multiple hypotheses in a theoretical context to elucidate the ecological processes underlying commonly observed patterns in life history.	[Decker, Karie L.; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Fontaine, Joseph J.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA	Decker, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 909 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.	kdecker4@unl.edu	Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010	Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156	NSF [DGE-0638744]; TE Inc.; American Ornithologists' Union; Animal Behavior Society; Shikar Safari Club International Foundation; Arrington Memorial Scholarship; School of Natural Resources and the Environment at the University of Arizona	T. Weinkam, E. Scobie, T. Isberg, and M. Ali provided many hours of assistance in the field. B. Steidl, K. Bonine, K. Borgmann, A. Macias-Duarte, S. Steckler, C. Kirkpatrick, and A. Chalfoun provided comments and support. Financial support was provided by NSF GK-12 Fellowship grant (DGE-0638744), T&E Inc., American Ornithologists' Union, Animal Behavior Society, Shikar Safari Club International Foundation, Arrington Memorial Scholarship, and the School of Natural Resources and the Environment at the University of Arizona. All methods were approved under permits from U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (MB053041-2), U. S. Forest Service (Catalina National Forest, #2720), U.S. Geological Survey's Bird Banding Laboratory (22524), Arizona Game and Fish Department (SP650825), and The University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 06-108).	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Ecol.	MAY	2012	26	3					683	699		10.1007/s10682-011-9521-7				17	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	923XX	WOS:000302655200017					2019-02-21	
J	Winkler, JD; Stolting, KN; Wilson, AB				Winkler, Jasmin D.; Stoelting, Kai N.; Wilson, Anthony B.			Sex-specific responses to fecundity selection in the broad-nosed pipefish	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Allometric growth; Life history evolution; Pleomerism; Sexual selection; Sexual-size dimorphism	ROLE REVERSED PIPEFISH; SYNGNATHUS-TYPHLE; FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE; VERTEBRAL NUMBERS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; MALE PREGNANCY; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SEAHORSES	Fecundity selection, acting on traits enhancing reproductive output, is an important determinant of organismal body size. Due to a unique mode of reproduction, mating success and fecundity are positively correlated with body size in both sexes of male-pregnant Syngnathus pipefish. As male pipefish brood eggs on their tail and egg production in females occurs in their ovaries (located in the trunk region), fecundity selection is expected to affect both sexes in this species, and is predicted to act differently on body proportions of males and females during their development. Based on this hypothesis, we investigated sexual size dimorphism in body size allometry and vertebral numbers across populations of the widespread European pipefish Syngnathus typhle. Despite the absence of sex-specific differences in overall and region-specific vertebral counts, male and female pipefish differ significantly in the relative lengths of their trunk and tail regions, consistent with region-specific selection pressures in the two sexes. Male pipefish show significant growth allometry, with disproportionate growth in the brooding tail region relative to the trunk, resulting in increasingly skewed region-specific sexual size dimorphism with increasing body size, a pattern consistent across five study populations. Sex-specific differences in patterns of growth in S. typhle support the hypothesis that fecundity selection can contribute to the evolution of sexual size dimorphism.	[Winkler, Jasmin D.; Stoelting, Kai N.; Wilson, Anthony B.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Wilson, AB (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.	tony.wilson@ieu.uzh.ch	Wilson, Anthony/D-2907-2011		University of Zurich Forschungskredit; Swiss Academy of Sciences; Swiss National Science Foundation; EC [PL003739]	We would like to thank to Ingrid Ahnesjo, Murat Bilecenoglu, Iris Eigenmann, Nathalie Feiner, Jorge Goncalves, Laurent Leveque, Federico Riccato, Valeria Rispoli, and Johan Wenngren for their help, efforts and time investments during field work. We are grateful to the Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali (Universita Ca' Foscari), the Asko Laboratory, Klubban Biological Station, and the Roscoff Biological Station for the use of their facilities. Many thanks to Ingrid Ahnesjo, Christian Klingenberg, Marcelo Sanchez-Villagra, Lukas Ruber, and Lorenzo Tanadini for discussion and suggestions. Our special thanks go to Wolf Blanckenhorn for his statistical advice and to Jonathan Ready, INCOFISH project (EC project PL003739) for providing environmental data for sampling localities. The study was funded by the University of Zurich Forschungskredit, the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the Swiss National Science Foundation.	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Ecol.	MAY	2012	26	3					701	714		10.1007/s10682-011-9516-4				14	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	923XX	WOS:000302655200018					2019-02-21	
J	Pease, AA; Gonzalez-Diaz, AA; Rodiles-Hernandez, R; Winemiller, KO				Pease, Allison A.; Gonzalez-Diaz, Alfonso A.; Rodiles-Hernandez, Rocio; Winemiller, Kirk O.			Functional diversity and trait-environment relationships of stream fish assemblages in a large tropical catchment	FRESHWATER BIOLOGY			English	Article						ecomorphology; fluvial gradient; functional diversity; habitat template; southern Mexico	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SPECIES TRAITS; RIVER-BASIN; POPULATION REGULATION; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; AMERICAN FISHES; PATTERNS; HABITAT; GRADIENTS; FRAMEWORK	1. The species composition of stream fish assemblages changes across the longitudinal fluvial gradient of large river basins. These changes may reflect both zonation in species distributions and environmental filtering of fish traits as stream environments change from the uplands to the lowlands of large catchments. Previous research has shown that taxonomic diversity generally increases in larger, lowland streams, and the River Continuum Concept, the River Habitat Template and other frameworks have provided expectations for what functional groups of fishes should predominate in certain stream types. However, studies addressing the functional trait composition of fish assemblages across large regions are lacking, particularly in tropical river basins. 2. We examined functional trait-environment relationships and functional diversity of stream fish assemblages in the Rio Grijalva Basin in southern Mexico. Traits linked to feeding, locomotion and life history strategy were measured in fishes from streams throughout the catchment, from highland headwaters to broad, lowland streams. Relationships between functional traits and environmental variables at local and landscape scales were examined using multivariate ordination, and the convex hull volume of trait space occupied by fish assemblages was calculated as a measure of functional diversity. 3. Although there were a few exceptions, functional diversity of assemblages increased with species richness along the gradient from uplands to lowlands within the Grijalva Basin. Traits related to swimming, habitat preference and food resource use were associated with both local (e.g. substratum type, pool availability) and landscape-scale (e. g. forest cover) environmental variables. 4. Along with taxonomic structure and diversity, the functional composition of fish assemblages changed across the longitudinal fluvial gradient of the basin. Trait-environment relationships documented in this study partially confirmed theoretical expectations and revealed patterns that may help in developing a better understanding of general functional responses of fish assemblages to environmental change.	[Pease, Allison A.; Winemiller, Kirk O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Gonzalez-Diaz, Alfonso A.; Rodiles-Hernandez, Rocio] El Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal de las Casa, Chiapas, Mexico	Pease, AA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.	peasea@missouri.edu		Winemiller, Kirk/0000-0003-0236-5129	National Science Foundation [DEB 0808523]; Texas A&M University Office of Graduate Studies; L.T. Jordan Institute; American Cichlid Association; Texas A&M Tom Slick Doctoral Research Fellowship	We thank Michi Tobler, Christian Kaufman, Carlos Chavez-Gloria, Adan Gomez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Acinorev, Krista Capps and Alex Flecker for their help with field collection. Gil Rosenthal, Mariana Mateos and Thom DeWitt provided feedback on the study design and earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0808523 to AAP and KOW) and grants to AAP from the Texas A&M University Office of Graduate Studies, L.T. Jordan Institute and the American Cichlid Association Loiselle Conservation Fund. AAP was also supported by the Texas A&M Tom Slick Doctoral Research Fellowship.	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Biol.	MAY	2012	57	5					1060	1075		10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02768.x				16	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	920IK	WOS:000302397300015					2019-02-21	
J	Nicolaus, M; Michler, SPM; Ubels, R; van der Velde, M; Bouwman, KM; Both, C; Tinbergen, JM				Nicolaus, Marion; Michler, Stephanie P. M.; Ubels, Richard; van der Velde, Marco; Bouwman, Karen M.; Both, Christiaan; Tinbergen, Joost M.			Local sex ratio affects the cost of reproduction	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						density; disease risk; intraspecific competition; optimal clutch size; Parus major; predation risk; reproductive trade-offs; sex ratio; social environment	TITS PARUS-MAJOR; BROOD SIZE MANIPULATION; AVIAN CLUTCH SIZE; GREAT TIT; BLUE TIT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NATAL DISPERSAL; TRADE-OFF; CONSEQUENCES; DOMINANCE	1. Costs and benefits of reproduction are central to life-history theory, and the outcome of reproductive trade-offs may depend greatly on the ecological conditions in which they are estimated. In this study, we propose that costs and benefits of reproduction are modulated by social effects, and consequently that selection on reproductive rates depends on the social environment. 2. We tested this hypothesis in a great tit Parus major population. Over 3 years, we altered parental reproductive effort via brood size manipulations (small, intermediate, large) and manipulated the local social environment via changes in the local fledgling density (decreased, increased) and the local sex ratio (female-biased, control, male-biased). 3. We found that male-biased treatment consistently increased the subsequent local breeding densities over the 3-year study period. We also found that parents rearing small broods in these male-biased plots had increased survival rates compared with the other experimental groups. 4. We conclude that reproductive costs are the product of an interaction between parental phenotypic quality after reproduction and the social environment: raising a small brood had long-lasting effects on some phenotypic traits of the parents and that this increased their survival chances in male-biased environment where habitat quality may have deteriorated (via increased disease/predation risk or intraspecific competition). 5. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that local sex ratio can affect reproductive costs and thus optimal clutch size.	[Nicolaus, Marion; Michler, Stephanie P. M.; Ubels, Richard; van der Velde, Marco; Bouwman, Karen M.; Both, Christiaan; Tinbergen, Joost M.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands	Nicolaus, M (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands.	mnicolaus@orn.mpg.de	Both, Christiaan/E-6459-2011; Nicolaus, Marion/H-6124-2015	Nicolaus, Marion/0000-0003-1808-1526	Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VICI) [86503003]; University of Groningen	We are grateful to R. Radersma, N.J. Dingemanse, M. Keiser, T. Lok, J. Reimerink, K. M. Jalvingh, A. Haydn, J. Plantinga as well as to all the Animal Ecology course students between 2005 and 2008 for their help in collecting the data in the field. We also thank L. te Marvelde and K. Meijer for helping with the molecular sexing of the nestlings. This project was financially supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VICI grant 86503003 to Jan Komdeur) and by the University of Groningen (to JMT). We thank Staatsbosbeheer and the Royal Dutch Army 'Koninklijke Landmacht' for their permission to work in the Lauwersmeer area and to stay on their army base. Finally, we thank C. M. Lessells and two anonymous referees for useful comments on the manuscript and N.P.C. Horrocks for improving English.	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Anim. Ecol.	MAY	2012	81	3					564	572		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01933.x				9	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	923IP	WOS:000302613300007	22112192				2019-02-21	
J	McDonald, BI; Goebel, ME; Crocker, DE; Costa, DP				McDonald, Birgitte I.; Goebel, Michael E.; Crocker, Daniel E.; Costa, Daniel P.			Dynamic Influence of Maternal and Pup Traits on Maternal Care during Lactation in an Income Breeder, the Antarctic Fur Seal	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PUPS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MILK INTAKE; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SOUTH GEORGIA; SOAY SHEEP; GRAY SEALS	Life-history theory predicts that selection will favor optimal levels of parental effort that balance benefits of current reproduction with costs to survival and future reproduction. The optimal level of effort depends on parental traits, offspring traits, and provisioning strategy. Additionally, how these factors influence effort may differ depending on the stage of reproduction. The relative importance of maternal and offspring traits on energy allocation to offspring was investigated in known-age Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella across four stages of reproduction, using birth mass and milk-consumption measurements. Maternal traits were important during three of the four stages investigated, with larger females giving birth to larger pups and investing more in pups during perinatal and molt stages. Pup mass influenced maternal effort during the premolt stage, and provisioning strategy influenced postnatal maternal effort at all stages. Energy provided to the offspring during an attendance visit was positively related to the duration of the foraging-trip/visit cycle; however, when investment was controlled for trip/visit cycle duration, the overall rate of energy transfer was similar across trip durations. In addition to strong effects of maternal mass, pup traits affected energy allocation, suggesting that pup demand is important in determining maternal care. These findings emphasize the importance of considering state variables in life-history studies and suggest that timing of measurements of effort in species with long provisioning periods may influence conclusions and our ability to make comparisons of reproductive effort among species.	[McDonald, Birgitte I.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; [Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarct Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA; [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA	McDonald, BI (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.	gitte.mcdonald@gmail.com		Costa, Daniel/0000-0002-0233-5782; McDonald, Birgitte/0000-0001-5028-066X	U.S. AMLR; NSF Office of Polar Programs [0440687]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); NSF	We thank all those who assisted with the collection of the data, in particular C. Champagne, R. Haner, and S. Seganti. Logistical support was provided by the U. S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program, the National Science Foundation (NSF) U.S. Antarctic Program, and Raytheon Polar Services. This article was improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. Research was funded by the U.S. AMLR Program and NSF Office of Polar Programs grant 0440687 to D. P. C, D. E. C., and M. E. G. B. I. M. was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship Program and an NSF graduate fellowship. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA.	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Biochem. Zool.	MAY-JUN	2012	85	3					243	254		10.1086/665407				12	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	925UQ	WOS:000302787600004	22494980	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Elinson, RP; del Pino, EM				Elinson, Richard P.; del Pino, Eugenia M.			Developmental diversity of amphibians	WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Review							DIRECT-DEVELOPING FROG; GASTROTHECA-RIOBAMBAE FOWLER; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI LEPTODACTYLIDAE; SALAMANDER HYNOBIUS-RETARDATUS; SUPERNUMERARY CAUDAL VERTEBRAE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; THYROID-HORMONE; MARSUPIAL FROG; GENE-EXPRESSION	The current model amphibian, Xenopus laevis, develops rapidly in water to a tadpole which metamorphoses into a frog. Many amphibians deviate from the X. laevis developmental pattern. Among other adaptations, their embryos develop in foam nests on land or in pouches on their mother's back or on a leaf guarded by a parent. The diversity of developmental patterns includes multinucleated oogenesis, lack of RNA localization, huge non-pigmented eggs, and asynchronous, irregular early cleavages. Variations in patterns of gastrulation highlight the modularity of this critical developmental period. Many species have eliminated the larva or tadpole and directly develop to the adult. The wealth of developmental diversity among amphibians coupled with the wealth of mechanistic information from X. laevis permit comparisons that provide deeper insights into developmental processes. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	[Elinson, Richard P.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA; [del Pino, Eugenia M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Quito, Ecuador	Elinson, RP (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA.	elinson@duq.edu		DEL PINO, EUGENIA/0000-0002-4678-7852	NIH [1R15HD059070-01]; NSF [IOS-0841720]; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador; Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) [07-017 LDC/BIO/LA-UNESCO FR 3240144821]	We thank former and current members of the del Pino and Elinson laboratories. In particular, we acknowledge I. Alarcon and I. Moya for their help with images of G. riobambae gastrulae and S. Hardesty for Figure 6. RPE was supported by grant 1R15HD059070-01 from NIH and grant IOS-0841720 from NSF. EMdP was supported by grants from the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, and a grant 07-017 LDC/BIO/LA-UNESCO FR 3240144821 from The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS).	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Rev.-Dev. Biol.	MAY-JUN	2012	1	3					345	369		10.1002/wdev.23				25	Developmental Biology	Developmental Biology	V31EP	WOS:000208867200003	22662314	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	MacCormick, HA; MacNulty, DR; Bosacker, AL; Lehman, C; Bailey, A; Collins, DA; Packer, C				MacCormick, Holly A.; MacNulty, Daniel R.; Bosacker, Anna L.; Lehman, Clarence; Bailey, Andrea; Collins, D. Anthony; Packer, Craig			Male and female aggression: lessons from sex, rank, age, and injury in olive baboons	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						competition; injury; life history; olive baboon; Papio anubis; rank	LONG-TAILED MACAQUES; DEPENDENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS; MALE SAVANNA BABOONS; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; PAPIO-ANUBIS; INTRASEXUAL COMPETITION; SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES	Aggression is ubiquitous, influencing reproduction through inter- and intraspecific effects in ways that reflect life-history strategies of species. In many social mammals, females remain in their natal group for life, whereas males emigrate and compete for rank in other social groups. Competition for rank is inherently risky. Therefore, it has long been hypothesized that risks of injury depend on an individual's sex, rank, and age in ways that maximize an individual's reproductive output. However, studies quantifying such risks have been lacking. We analyzed 20 years of long-term data on wounds among olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Males received significantly more wounds than female baboons, and both sexes received the most wounds at ages when they competed most intensely for rank. Immature females received more wounds than immature males in their natal groups, and immature females were more likely to be wounded by females than were immature males. Males in their natal group were wounded less often than immigrant males of the same age. The risk of wounding did not depend on rank in females but rose with rank in immigrant males. Lastly, females received significantly more wounds when cycling (not pregnant or lactating). This study is among the first to quantify the risk of injury for competitors of different sexes, ages, and ranks in social groups. Our results support the prediction that individuals target aggression toward present and future competitors and suggest that sexual coercion increases the risk of wounding in cycling females.	[MacCormick, Holly A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; [MacCormick, Holly A.; MacNulty, Daniel R.; Bailey, Andrea; Packer, Craig] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [MacNulty, Daniel R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Bosacker, Anna L.] Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA; [Lehman, Clarence] Coll Biol Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Collins, D. Anthony] Gombe Stream Res Ctr, Kigoma, Tanzania	MacCormick, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.	maccormick@biology.ucsc.edu	MacNulty, Dan/L-3965-2016		Jane Goodall Institute; NSF	We thank Drs Anne Pusey, Aimee S. Dunlap, Donald Siniff, Dawn M. Kitchen, Ian Gilby, and Michael Wilson for their invaluable feedback and discussion on this manuscript. For insightful comments, we especially thank Anna E. MacCormick, Phillip L. Wharton Jr, Moe Khosravy, and Nicole Thometz. We are deeply indebted to 2 anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments elevated and transformed our manuscript. We thank Bernard Kissui, Deus Mjungu, and Thaddus Shio for assistance with translation of data from Kiswahili to English; Drs Lynn E. Eberly and Pete Raimondi for insights on statistical methods; the government of Tanzania, including the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH), Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), and Tanzanian National Parks (TANAPA) for permission to conduct this long-term research. Many people have contributed to the collection, organization, and maintenance of long-term demographic data on the Gombe baboons, most notably Applonaire Sindimwo and all of the baboon field assistants. Long-term data collection on baboons was supported by the Jane Goodall Institute and grants from the Physical Anthropology program at NSF, and we thank both for their support.	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Ecol.	MAY-JUN	2012	23	3					684	691		10.1093/beheco/ars021				8	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	921NV	WOS:000302485200030		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Dantzer, B; Swanson, EM				Dantzer, Ben; Swanson, Eli M.			Mediation of vertebrate life histories via insulin-like growth factor-1	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Review						constraint; modularity; glucocorticoids; hormones; life history; phenotypic integration; plasticity; somatotrophic axis; insulin-like growth factor-1; testosterone	SNAKE THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED MECHANISM; HORMONE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-1; CONTROL MAMMALIAN GROWTH; FAST-SLOW CONTINUUM; IGF-I; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION	Life-history traits describe parameters associated with growth, size, survival, and reproduction. Life-history variation is a hallmark of biological diversity, yet researchers commonly observe that one of the major axes of life-history variation after controlling for body size involves trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and longevity. This persistent pattern of covariation among these specific traits has engendered a search for shared mechanisms that could constrain or facilitate production of variation in life-history strategies. Endocrine traits are one candidate mechanism that may underlie the integration of life history and other phenotypic traits. However, the vast majority of this research has been on the effects of steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and androgens on life-history trade-offs. Here we propose an expansion of the focus on glucocorticoids and gonadal hormones and review the potential role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in shaping the adaptive integration of multiple life-history traits. IGF-1 is a polypeptide metabolic hormone largely produced by the liver. We summarize a vast array of research demonstrating that IGF-1 levels are susceptible to environmental variation and that IGF-1 can have potent stimulatory effects on somatic growth and reproduction but decrease lifespan. We review the few studies in natural populations that have measured plasma IGF-1 concentrations and its associations with life-history traits or other characteristics of the organism or its environment. We focus on two case studies that found support for the hypothesis that IGF-1 mediates adaptive divergence in suites of life-history traits in response to varying ecological conditions or artificial selection. We also examine what we view as potentially fruitful avenues of research on this topic, which until now has been rarely investigated by evolutionary ecologists. We discuss how IGF-1 may facilitate adaptive plasticity in life-history strategies in response to early environmental conditions and also how selection on loci controlling IGF-1 signaling may mediate population divergence and eventual speciation. After consideration of the interactions among androgens, glucocorticoids, and IGF-1 we suggest that IGF-1 be considered a suitable candidate mechanism for mediating life-history traits. Finally, we discuss what we can learn about IGF-1 from studies in free-ranging animals. The voluminous literature in laboratory and domesticated animals documenting relationships among IGF-1, growth, reproduction, and lifespan demonstrates the potential for a number of new research questions to be asked in free-ranging animals. Examining how IGF-1 mediates life-history traits in free-ranging animals could lead to great insight into the mechanisms that influence life-history variation.	[Dantzer, Ben; Swanson, Eli M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA	Dantzer, B (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.	bendantzer@gmail.com	Dantzer, Ben/E-9779-2011; Swanson, Eli/A-1941-2009	Dantzer, Ben/0000-0002-3058-265X; 	National Science Foundation	We thank Kay Holekamp, Andrew McAdam, Alex Shingleton and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous version of this manuscript. E. M. S. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the National Science Foundation.	Adamczewski JZ, 1998, THERIOGENOLOGY, V50, P605, DOI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00165-4; ADASHI EY, 1985, ENDOCR REV, V6, P400, DOI 10.1210/edrv-6-3-400; Agrawal A. 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Rev.	MAY	2012	87	2					414	429		10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00204.x				16	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	919TH	WOS:000302351300009	21981025				2019-02-21	
J	Meiri, S; Brown, JH; Sibly, RM				Meiri, Shai; Brown, James H.; Sibly, Richard M.			The ecology of lizard reproductive output	GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY			English	Article						Body size; diet; insularity; mortality; oviparity; phylogenetic comparative methods; productivity; reproductive output; temperature; viviparity	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; INVARIANT CLUTCH SIZE; BODY-SIZE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SQUAMATE REPTILES; PHYLOGENY; MAMMALS; UNIVERSAL; ALLOMETRY; SHAPE	Aim We provide a new quantitative analysis of lizard reproductive ecology. Comparative studies of lizard reproduction to date have usually considered life-history components separately. Instead, we examine the rate of production (productivity hereafter) calculated as the total mass of offspring produced in a year. We test whether productivity is influenced by proxies of adult mortality rates such as insularity and fossorial habits, by measures of temperature such as environmental and body temperatures, mode of reproduction and activity times, and by environmental productivity and diet. We further examine whether low productivity is linked to high extinction risk. Location World-wide. Methods We assembled a database containing 551 lizard species, their phylogenetic relationships and multiple life history and ecological variables from the literature. We use phylogenetically informed statistical models to estimate the factors related to lizard productivity. Results Some, but not all, predictions of metabolic and life-history theories are supported. When analysed separately, clutch size, relative clutch mass and brood frequency are poorly correlated with body mass, but their product - productivity is well correlated with mass. The allometry of productivity scales similarly to metabolic rate, suggesting that a constant fraction of assimilated energy is allocated to production irrespective of body size. Island species were less productive than continental species. Mass-specific productivity was positively correlated with environmental temperature, but not with body temperature. Viviparous lizards were less productive than egg-laying species. Diet and primary productivity were not associated with productivity in any model. Other effects, including lower productivity of fossorial, nocturnal and active foraging species were confounded with phylogeny. Productivity was not lower in species at risk of extinction. Main conclusions Our analyses show the value of focusing on the rate of annual biomass production (productivity), and generally supported associations between productivity and environmental temperature, factors that affect mortality and the number of broods a lizard can produce in a year, but not with measures of body temperature, environmental productivity or diet.	[Meiri, Shai] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; [Brown, James H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Brown, James H.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA; [Sibly, Richard M.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England	Meiri, S (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.	uncshai@post.tau.ac.il	Meiri, Shai/D-2403-2010	Meiri, Shai/0000-0003-3839-6330; Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543	Alon Fellowship	We thank Gavin Thomas for invaluable assistance with the pglm analyses. Rich Grenyer, Ally Phillimore, David Orme and Gavin Thomas kindly helped with R code. We thank Rodolphe Bernard, Anat Feldman and Meirion Hopkins for help with obtaining the environmental and geographic data, Erez Maza and Maria Novosolov for help with the insularity data, and Raoul Van-Damme for contributing much of the body temperature data. We thank Barbara B. Sanger and Liz Butcher from the Michael Way Library, Imperial College, Silwood Park, for their invaluable help with data collection. Folmer Bokma, Pasquale Raia and two anonymous referees provided important comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. S.M. is supported by an Alon Fellowship.	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Ecol. Biogeogr.	MAY	2012	21	5					592	602		10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00700.x				11	Ecology; Geography, Physical	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography	920IP	WOS:000302397900008					2019-02-21	
J	Mennerat, A; Hamre, L; Ebert, D; Nilsen, F; Davidova, M; Skorping, A				Mennerat, A.; Hamre, L.; Ebert, D.; Nilsen, F.; Davidova, M.; Skorping, A.			Life history and virulence are linked in the ectoparasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						age at maturity; Atlantic salmon; ectoparasite; fecundity; Lepeophtheirus salmonis; life history evolution; Salmo salar L; salmon louse; transmission-virulence trade-off; virulence evolution	ATLANTIC SALMON; SEA LICE; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS; SALAR; POPULATION; PARASITES; NEMATODES; MAMMALS	Models of virulence evolution for horizontally transmitted parasites often assume that transmission rate (the probability that an infected host infects a susceptible host) and virulence (the increase in host mortality due to infection) are positively correlated, because higher rates of production of propagules may cause more damages to the host. However, empirical support for this assumption is scant and limited to microparasites. To fill this gap, we explored the relationships between parasite life history and virulence in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, a horizontally transmitted copepod ectoparasite on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. In the laboratory, we infected juvenile salmon hosts with equal doses of infective L.similar to salmonis larvae and monitored parasite age at first reproduction, parasite fecundity, area of damage caused on the skin of the host, and host weight and length gain. We found that earlier onset of parasite reproduction was associated with higher parasite fecundity. Moreover, higher parasite fecundity (a proxy for transmission rate, as infection probability increases with higher numbers of parasite larvae released to the water) was associated with lower host weight gain (correlated with lower survival in juvenile salmon), supporting the presence of a virulencetransmission trade-off. Our results are relevant in the context of increasing intensive farming, where frequent anti-parasite drug use and increased host density may have selected for faster production of parasite transmission stages, via earlier reproduction and increased early fecundity. Our study highlights that salmon lice, therefore, are a good model for studying how human activity may affect the evolution of parasite virulence.	[Mennerat, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Mennerat, A.; Hamre, L.; Nilsen, F.; Skorping, A.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway; [Ebert, D.] Univ Basel, Inst Zool, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; [Davidova, M.] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Brno, Czech Republic	Mennerat, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.	adele.mennerat@zoo.ox.ac.uk	Davidova, Martina/G-1183-2014; Ebert, Dieter/B-5502-2009	Ebert, Dieter/0000-0003-2653-3772; Mennerat, Adele/0000-0003-0368-7197	Norwegian Research Council [186140]	We are grateful to Knut Helge Jensen for useful comments on statistical analyses. Many thanks to Heidi Kongshaug for advice and help with DNA extraction and PCR-based testing for the presence of Paranucleospora theridion in adult female lice. Thanks to Enrique Gonzalez and Per Gunnar Espedal for help in the laboratory. This research was supported by a grant from the Norwegian Research Council to A. Skorping (grant no 186140). The authors declared no conflict of interest.	Alizon S, 2009, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V22, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01658.x; Dawson LHJ, 1999, DIS AQUAT ORGAN, V35, P89, DOI 10.3354/dao035089; Dawson LHJ, 1998, DIS AQUAT ORGAN, V33, P179, DOI 10.3354/dao033179; de Roode JC, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P7489, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0710909105; Ebert D, 1996, PARASITOL TODAY, V12, P96, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(96)80668-5; Ebert D, 2003, TRENDS MICROBIOL, V11, P15, DOI 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)00003-3; Friedland KD, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P1338, DOI 10.1016/j.icejms.2005.04.013; Gandon S, 2003, TRENDS MICROBIOL, V11, P206, DOI 10.1016/S0966-842X(03)00074-X; Glover KA, 2001, J FISH BIOL, V59, P1512, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1787; Heuch PA, 2000, AQUAC RES, V31, P805, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00512.x; Hudson P. 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Evol. Biol.	MAY	2012	25	5					856	861		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02474.x				6	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	922MH	WOS:000302551000006	22356541	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Attisano, A; Moore, AJ; Moore, PJ				Attisano, A.; Moore, A. J.; Moore, P. J.			Reproduction-longevity trade-offs reflect diet, not adaptation	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						diet adaptation; life history traits; longevity; male's investment; reproduction; trade-offs	MILKWEED BUGS ONCOPELTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MATING-BEHAVIOR; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; FASCIATUS; SPAN; SEX; AGE; CONSEQUENCES	A tenet of life history evolution is that allocation of limited resources results in trade-offs, such as that between reproduction and lifespan. Reproduction and lifespan are also influenced proximately by differences in the availability of specific nutrients. What is unknown is how the evolution of the ability to use a nutritionally novel diet is reflected in this fundamental trade-off. Does the evolution of the ability to use a nutritionally novel food maintain the trade-off in reproduction and longevity, or do the proximate effects of nutrition alter the adapted trade-off? We tested this by measuring trade-offs in male milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus, fed either an adapted diet of sunflower or the ancestral diet of milkweed. Sunflower-fed males lived longer but invested less in reproduction, both in mating and fertility. Milkweed-fed males invested in both mating and fertility at the expense of survival. The evolution of an expanded diet was not constrained by the existing trade-off, but instead was accompanied by a different trade-off between reproduction and longevity. We suggest that this occurs because diets differ in promoting germ line development or longevity.	[Attisano, A.; Moore, A. J.; Moore, P. J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Penryn, England	Moore, PJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.	pjmoore@uga.edu	Attisano, Alfredo/P-2141-2015	Attisano, Alfredo/0000-0002-6675-4900	Leverhulme; European Social Fund	We thank Corrina Lowry for technical help in rearing insects. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that clarified our presentation. This research is funded by a Leverhulme grant to T. J. M. and a European Social Fund Ph.D. studentship to A. A. All authors contributed extensively to the design, analysis and interpretation of the data and to the writing of the manuscript. A. A. performed the experiments.	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MAY	2012	25	5					873	880		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02476.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	922MH	WOS:000302551000008	22356585				2019-02-21	
J	Sutherby, J; Giardini, JL; Nguyen, J; Wessel, G; Leguia, M; Heyland, A				Sutherby, Josh; Giardini, Jamie-Lee; Julia Nguyen; Wessel, Gary; Leguia, Mariana; Heyland, Andreas			Histamine is a modulator of metamorphic competence in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)	BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						Metamorphosis; Metamorphic competence; Settlement; Echinoderm life-history; Histamine; Histamine receptors; Settlement; Life history evolution; Modulation	MARINE-INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; SEA-URCHIN EMBRYOS; DOLLAR DENDRASTER-EXCENTRICUS; SIBOGAE BERGH GASTROPODA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SAND DOLLAR; PHESTILLA-SIBOGAE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CREPIDULA-FORNICATA; THYROID-HORMONE	Background: A metamorphic life-history is present in the majority of animal phyla. This developmental mode is particularly prominent among marine invertebrates with a bentho-planktonic life cycle, where a pelagic larval form transforms into a benthic adult. Metamorphic competence (the stage at which a larva is capable to undergo the metamorphic transformation and settlement) is an important adaptation both ecologically and physiologically. The competence period maintains the larval state until suitable settlement sites are encountered, at which point the larvae settle in response to settlement cues. The mechanistic basis for metamorphosis (the morphogenetic transition from a larva to a juvenile including settlement), i.e. the molecular and cellular processes underlying metamorphosis in marine invertebrate species, is poorly understood. Histamine (HA), a neurotransmitter used for various physiological and developmental functions among animals, has a critical role in sea urchin fertilization and in the induction of metamorphosis. Here we test the premise that HA functions as a developmental modulator of metamorphic competence in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Results: Our results provide strong evidence that HA leads to the acquisition of metamorphic competence in S. purpuratus larvae. Pharmacological analysis of several HA receptor antagonists and an inhibitor of HA synthesis indicates a function of HA in metamorphic competence as well as programmed cell death (PCD) during arm retraction. Furthermore we identified an extensive network of histaminergic neurons in pre-metamorphic and metamorphically competent larvae. Analysis of this network throughout larval development indicates that the maturation of specific neuronal clusters correlates with the acquisition of metamorphic competence. Moreover, histamine receptor antagonist treatment leads to the induction of caspase mediated apoptosis in competent larvae. Conclusions: We conclude that HA is a modulator of metamorphic competence in S. purpuratus development and hypothesize that HA may have played an important role in the evolution of settlement strategies in echinoids. Our findings provide novel insights into the evolution of HA signalling and its function in one of the most important and widespread life history transitions in the animal kingdom - metamorphosis.	[Sutherby, Josh; Giardini, Jamie-Lee; Julia Nguyen; Heyland, Andreas] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Wessel, Gary; Leguia, Mariana] Brown Univ, MCB, Providence, RI 02912 USA	Heyland, A (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.	aheyland@uoguelph.ca		Leguia, Mariana/0000-0002-7297-0263; Heyland, Andreas/0000-0002-7592-4473	NSERC	We would like to thank Dr Jason Hodin for very helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We would also like to thank the volunteers of the Heyland lab for their time and effort in maintaining the larval cultures. This work was supported by an NSERC discovery grant to AH. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.	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J	Patankar, V; D'Souza, E; Kumaraguru, AK; Arthur, R				Patankar, Vardhan; D'Souza, Elrika; Kumaraguru, A. K.; Arthur, Rohan			Distance-related thresholds and influence of the 2004 tsunami on damage and recovery patterns of coral reefs in the Nicobar Islands	CURRENT SCIENCE			English	Article						Catastrophic damage; coastal ecosystems; coral reefs; distance gradient; tsunami	INDIAN-OCEAN; COMMUNITIES; BAY	The earthquake and tsunami of 2004 resulted in the devastation of marine and coastal ecosystems across the Indian Ocean. However, without adequate baseline information it has been difficult to properly gauge its full impact. The reefs of the Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal lie on a path that ranges from 190 to 500 km from Banda Aceh, the epicentre of the 2004 tsunami. In 2008, we recorded benthic damage as a result of the tsunami to reefs off 14 Nicobar Islands across a gradient of distance from the epicentre. A clear pattern was observed in the demographic structure of the most abundant coral genera, Acropora and Porites across the distance gradient. Significantly, for the largest coral individuals of both genera (>50 cm diameter), there were distinct threshold effects - their abundance declining dramatically in reefs closer than 350 km from the epicentre. Corals between 20 and 50 cm diameter also increased with distance from the epicentre, but in a more linear fashion. Smaller size classes either showed no apparent trend (Acropora) or decreased linearly (Porites) with distance. These genera represent very different life-history strategies: Acropora is fast-growing and highly susceptible to a range of disturbances, while Ponies typically grows slowly but is resistant to disturbance. The fact that both genera showed similar thresholds indicates that, close to the epicentre, the impact of the earthquake and tsunami was large enough to override any species-specific resistance. Also, algal cover was also much higher than at locations further north, linked to higher coral mortality at these locations. However, the fact that smaller size class coral individuals were relatively abundant and even increased close to the epicentre indicates possible paths of reef recovery after the catastrophe.	[Patankar, Vardhan; D'Souza, Elrika; Arthur, Rohan] Nat Conservat Fdn, Mysore 570002, Karnataka, India; [Patankar, Vardhan; D'Souza, Elrika; Kumaraguru, A. K.] Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Energy Sci, Ctr Marine & Coastal Studies, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India	Patankar, V (reprint author), Nat Conservat Fdn, 3076-5,4 Cross,Gokulam Pk, Mysore 570002, Karnataka, India.	vardhan@ncf-india.org			HSBC, India; Wildlife Conservation Society	This study was supported by HSBC, India. We are grateful to Rufford Small Grant for Nature Conservation and Research Fellowship Program of Wildlife Conservation Society for providing us continuation grant. We thank the Department of Environment and Forests, Port Blair, for permission to conduct the study and all at the Reef Watch Marine Conservation and Nature Conservation Foundation. We are grateful to the Nicobari villagers, village heads and our field assistants for support and help during the fieldwork.	Arthur R, 2006, CORAL REEFS, V25, P427, DOI 10.1007/s00338-006-0127-4; Baird AH, 2005, CURR BIOL, V15, P1926, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.036; Bakus G. 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H., 1999, BIOSTAT ANAL, P1	35	1	1	0	21	INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES	BANGALORE	C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA	0011-3891			CURR SCI INDIA	Curr. Sci.	APR 25	2012	102	8					1199	1205						7	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	944SO	WOS:000304224300026		DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Piou, C; Prevost, E				Piou, Cyril; Prevost, Etienne			A demo-genetic individual-based model for Atlantic salmon populations: Model structure, parameterization and sensitivity	ECOLOGICAL MODELLING			English	Article						Individual-based model; Pattern-oriented modelling; Diadromous fish; Life-history strategies; Salmo salar	LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MATURE MALE PARR; SALAR L; REACTION NORMS; OCEAN CLIMATE; SOCIAL-STATUS; BODY-SIZE	Predicting the persistence and adaptability of natural populations to climate change is a challenging task. Mechanistic models that integrate biological and evolutionary processes are helpful toward this aim. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (L.), is a good candidate to assess the effect of environmental change on a species with a complex life history through an integrative modelling approach due to (i) a large amount of knowledge concerning its biology and (ii) extensive historical data sets that can be used for model validation. This paper presents an individual-based demo-genetic model developed to simulate S. salar population dynamics in southern European populations: IBASAM (Individual-Based Atlantic SAlmon Model). The model structure is described thoroughly. A parameterization exercise was conducted to adjust the model to an extensive set of demographic data collected over 15 years on the Scorff River, Brittany, France. A sensitivity analysis showed that two parameters determining mean and variability of juvenile growth rates were crucial in structuring the simulated populations. Additionally, realistic microevolutionary patterns of different aspects of life history were predicted by the model, reproducing general knowledge on S. salar population biology. The integration into IBASAM of a demo-genetic structure coupled with the explicit representation of individual variability and complex life histories makes it a cohesive and novel tool to assess the effect of potential stressors on evolutionary demography of Atlantic salmon in further studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Piou, Cyril; Prevost, Etienne] INRA, UMR ECOBIOP, Stn Hydrobiol INRA, F-64310 Quartier Ibarron, St Pee Sur Nive, France; [Prevost, Etienne] UPPA, UMR ECONOP, UFR Sci & Tech Cote Basque, F-64600 Anglet, France	Piou, C (reprint author), CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Anal & Maitrise Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France.	cyril.piou@cirad.fr			French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development; ONEMA (French National Office of Water and the Aquatic Environments) under ONEMA-INRA	The authors wish to thank E. Beall, C. Tentelier, J. Labonne, A. Bardonnet, J.L. Bagliniere, L. Beaulaton and N. Seon-Massin for fruitful discussions helping in designing and presenting the model and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier version of this manuscript. We are also thankful to Marc Taylor for the editing of our English. This work was financed under a grant from the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development "Programme GICC2: Gestion et Impact du Changement Climatique" and a funding from the ONEMA (French National Office of Water and the Aquatic Environments) under the ONEMA-INRA 2008-2010 conventions.	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APR 24	2012	231						37	52		10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.01.025				16	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	929QT	WOS:000303081300005					2019-02-21	
J	Covas, R				Covas, Rita			Evolution of reproductive life histories in island birds worldwide	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						developmental periods; fecundity; insularity; life-history evolution; parental care	NEST PREDATION; EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; BREEDING STRATEGIES; PASSERINE BIRDS; CLUTCH SIZES; FOOD; POPULATION; DENSITY	Island environments typically share characteristics such as impoverished biotas and less-seasonal climates, which should be conducive to specific adaptations by organisms. However, with the exception of morphological studies, broad-scale tests of patterns of adaptation on islands are rare. Here, I examine reproductive patterns in island birds worldwide. Reproductive life histories are influenced by latitude, which could affect the response to insularity; therefore, I additionally test this hypothesis. Island colonizers showed mostly bi-parental care, but there was a significant increase in cooperative breeding on islands. Additionally, I found support for previous suggestions of reduced fecundity, longer developmental periods and increased investment in young on islands. However, clutch size increased with latitude at a rate nearly five times faster on the mainland than on the islands revealing a substantially stronger effect of insularity at higher latitudes. Latitude and insularity may also interact to determine egg volume and incubation periods, but these effects were less clear. Analyses of reproductive success did not support an effect of reduced nest predation as a driver of reproductive change, but this requires further study. The effect of latitude detected here suggests that the evolutionary changes associated with insularity relate to environmental stability and improved adult survival.	[Covas, Rita] Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources, CIBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal; [Covas, Rita] Univ Porto, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal; [Covas, Rita] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France; [Covas, Rita] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland	Covas, R (reprint author), Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources, CIBIO, Campus Agr Vairao,Rua Padre Armando Quintas, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal.	rita.covas@gmail.com	Covas, Rita/G-2242-2018	Covas, Rita/0000-0001-7130-144X	EU; Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT)	I am most thankful to P. Jones for kindly giving me full access to his comprehensive ornithological library and for helpful advice. I also thank M. Koopman at the Niven Library (Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town) for assistance. O. Gimenez, C. Spottiswoode and P.-Y. Henry provided helpful statistical advice. M. Melo, S. Anderson, R. Bowie, R. Lopes, R. Heleno and P. Rodrigues gave me access to unpublished data. The manuscript was improved by comments from T. Arnold, C. Doutrelant, P. Jones, M. Melo and an anonymous reviewer. P. Tarroso helped in preparing figure 1. I was funded by a Marie Curie Fellowship (EU) and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) during the preparation of this paper.	Ashmole N. P., 1963, ECOLOGY, V103, P458; Barbraud C, 2001, NATURE, V411, P183, DOI 10.1038/35075554; Bates D. M., 2010, LME4 LINEAR MIXED EF; Bennet P. 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J, 2007, ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY	61	26	27	2	72	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	APR 22	2012	279	1733					1531	1537		10.1098/rspb.2011.1785				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	906GM	WOS:000301332900010	22072609	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Regier, JC; Brown, JW; Mitter, C; Baixeras, J; Cho, S; Cummings, MP; Zwick, A				Regier, Jerome C.; Brown, John W.; Mitter, Charles; Baixeras, Joaquin; Cho, Soowon; Cummings, Michael P.; Zwick, Andreas			A Molecular Phylogeny for the Leaf-Roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Its Implications for Classification and Life History Evolution	PLOS ONE			English	Article							CODING NUCLEAR GENES; SPECIES LEPIDOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FEMALE FRENULUM; NEW-CALEDONIA; MISSING DATA; GENUS; BUTTERFLIES; CHLIDANOTINAE; PHRICANTHINI	Background: Tortricidae, one of the largest families of microlepidopterans, comprise about 10,000 described species worldwide, including important pests, biological control agents and experimental models. Understanding of tortricid phylogeny, the basis for a predictive classification, is currently provisional. We present the first detailed molecular estimate of relationships across the tribes and subfamilies of Tortricidae, assess its concordance with previous morphological evidence, and re-examine postulated evolutionary trends in host plant use and biogeography. Methodology/Principal Findings: We sequenced up to five nuclear genes (6,633 bp) in each of 52 tortricids spanning all three subfamilies and 19 of the 22 tribes, plus up to 14 additional genes, for a total of 14,826 bp, in 29 of those taxa plus all 14 outgroup taxa. Maximum likelihood analyses yield trees that, within Tortricidae, differ little among data sets and character treatments and are nearly always strongly supported at all levels of divergence. Support for several nodes was greatly increased by the additional 14 genes sequenced in just 29 of 52 tortricids, with no evidence of phylogenetic artifacts from deliberately incomplete gene sampling. There is strong support for the monophyly of Tortricinae and of Olethreutinae, and for grouping of these to the exclusion of Chlidanotinae. Relationships among tribes are robustly resolved in Tortricinae and mostly so in Olethreutinae. Feeding habit (internal versus external) is strongly conserved on the phylogeny. Within Tortricinae, a clade characterized by eggs being deposited in large clusters, in contrast to singly or in small batches, has markedly elevated incidence of polyphagous species. The five earliest-branching tortricid lineages are all species-poor tribes with mainly southern/tropical distributions, consistent with a hypothesized Gondwanan origin for the family. Conclusions/Significance: We present the first robustly supported phylogeny for Tortricidae, and a revised classification in which all of the sampled tribes are now monophyletic.	[Regier, Jerome C.; Mitter, Charles] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Regier, Jerome C.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD USA; [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA; [Baixeras, Joaquin] Univ Valencia, Cavanilles Inst Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Valencia, Spain; [Cho, Soowon] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Plant Med, Cheongju, South Korea; [Cummings, Michael P.] Univ Maryland, Lab Mol Evolut, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Zwick, Andreas] State Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Stuttgart, Germany	Regier, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.	cmitter@umd.edu	Baixeras, Joaquin/L-1734-2014; Zwick, Andreas/A-5735-2015	Baixeras, Joaquin/0000-0002-6092-0496; Zwick, Andreas/0000-0002-7532-1752	U.S. National Science Foundation [0531626, 0531769]; Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) [CGL2008-00605]	Financial support was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Assembling the Tree of Life program, award numbers 0531626 and 0531769, and grant CGL2008-00605 of the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) to Dr. Brown. 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J	Liu, L; Feng, TY; Suo, T; Lee, K; Li, H				Liu, Lei; Feng, Tingyong; Suo, Tao; Lee, Kang; Li, Hong			Adapting to the Destitute Situations: Poverty Cues Lead to Short-Term Choice	PLOS ONE			English	Article							SOCIAL-CLASS; INEQUALITY; IMPATIENCE; DECISION; REWARDS; MONEY; DELAY	Background: Why do some people live for the present, whereas others save for the future? The evolutionary framework of life history theory predicts that preference for delay of gratification should be influenced by social economic status (SES). However, here we propose that the decision to choose alternatives in immediate and delayed gratification in poverty environments may have a psychological dimension. Specifically, the perception of environmental poverty cues may induce people alike to favor choices with short-term, likely smaller benefit than choices with long-term, greater benefit. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study was conducted to explore how poverty and affluence cues affected individuals' intertemporal choices. In our first two experiments, individuals exposed explicitly (Experiment 1) and implicitly (Experiment 2) to poverty pictures (the poverty cue) were induced to prefer immediate gratification compared with those exposed to affluence pictures (the affluence cue). Furthermore, by the manipulation of temporary perceptions of poverty and affluence status using a lucky draw game; individuals in the poverty state were more impulsive in a manner, which made them pursue immediate gratification in intertemporal choices (Experiment 3). Thus, poverty cues can lead to short-term choices. Conclusions/Significance: Decision makers chose more frequently the sooner-smaller reward over the later-larger reward as they were exposed to the poverty cue. This indicates that it is that just the feeling of poverty influences intertemporal choice - the actual reality of poverty (restricted resources, etc.) is not necessary to get the effect. Furthermore, our findings emphasize that it is a change of the poverty-affluence status, not a trait change, can influence individual preference in intertemporal choice.	[Liu, Lei; Feng, Tingyong; Suo, Tao; Li, Hong] Southwest Univ, Sch Psychol, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Feng, Tingyong; Li, Hong] Minist Educ, Key Lab Cognit & Personal, Chongqing, Peoples R China; [Lee, Kang] Univ Toronto, Inst Child Study, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Li, Hong] Liaoning Normal Univ, Sch Educ, Dalian, Peoples R China	Liu, L (reprint author), Southwest Univ, Sch Psychol, Chongqing, Peoples R China.	fengty0@163.com			National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800292]; National Key Discipline of Basic Psychology in Southwest University of China [NSKD08007]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [SWU1109009]	This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800292), the National Key Discipline of Basic Psychology in Southwest University of China (NSKD08007) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWU1109009). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Baos, R; Jovani, R; Serrano, D; Tella, JL; Hiraldo, F				Baos, Raquel; Jovani, Roger; Serrano, David; Tella, Jose L.; Hiraldo, Fernando			Developmental Exposure to a Toxic Spill Compromises Long-Term Reproductive Performance in a Wild, Long-Lived Bird: The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)	PLOS ONE			English	Article							VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; KITES MILVUS-MIGRANS; SOUTHWESTERN SPAIN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEAVY-METAL; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; GENOTOXIC DAMAGE; LIFE; NEUROENDOCRINE	Background/Objective: Exposure to environmental contaminants may result in reduced reproductive success and long-lasting population declines in vertebrates. Emerging data from laboratory studies on model species suggest that certain life-stages, such as development, should be of special concern. However, detailed investigations of long-term consequences of developmental exposure to environmental chemicals on breeding performance are currently lacking in wild populations of long-lived vertebrates. Here, we studied how the developmental exposure to a mine spill (Aznalcollar, SW Spain, April 1998) may affect fitness under natural conditions in a long-lived bird, the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Methodology: The reproductive performance of individually-banded storks that were or not developmentally exposed to the spill (i.e. hatched before or after the spill) was compared when these individuals were simultaneously breeding during the seven years after the spill occurred (1999-2005). Principal Findings: Female storks developmentally exposed to the spill experienced a premature breeding senescence compared with their non-developmentally exposed counterparts, doing so after departing from an unusually higher productivity in their early reproductive life (non-developmentally exposed females: 0.5 +/- 0.33SE fledglings/year at 3-yr old vs. 1.38 +/- 0.31SE at 6-7 yr old; developmentally exposed females: 1.5 +/- 0.30SE fledglings/year at 3-yr old vs. 0.86 +/- 0.25SE at 67 yr old). Conclusions/Significance: Following life-history theory, we propose that costly sub-lethal effects reported in stork nestlings after low-level exposure to the spill-derived contaminants might play an important role in shaping this pattern of reproduction, with a clear potential impact on population dynamics. Overall, our study provides evidence that environmental disasters can have long-term, multigenerational consequences on wildlife, particularly when affecting developing individuals, and warns about the risk of widespread low-level contamination in realistic scenarios.	[Baos, Raquel; Serrano, David; Tella, Jose L.; Hiraldo, Fernando] Estac Biol Donana CSIC, Dept Conservat Biol, Seville, Spain; [Jovani, Roger] Estac Biol Donana CSIC, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Seville, Spain	Baos, R (reprint author), Estac Biol Donana CSIC, Dept Conservat Biol, Seville, Spain.	raquel@ebd.csic.es	Baos, Raquel/L-9206-2015; Jovani, Roger/C-7080-2013; Serrano, David/B-5352-2013; Tella, Jose/I-3707-2015; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011	Baos, Raquel/0000-0003-1283-6270; Jovani, Roger/0000-0002-8693-9742; Serrano, David/0000-0001-6205-386X; Tella, Jose/0000-0002-3038-7424; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602	Junta de Andalucia; Ministry of Science and Technology [B0S2002-00857]; EGMASA; CSIC in an i3P grant; Ministry of Education and Culture in an FPU Pre-doctoral Fellowship; Ramon y Cajal from the Ministry of Science and Innovation [RYC-2009-03967]	Partial funding for this work was provided by the Junta de Andalucia and the Ministry of Science and Technology (B0S2002-00857). RB was supported by EGMASA and CSIC in an i3P grant, and by the Ministry of Education and Culture in an FPU Pre-doctoral Fellowship. During writing, RJ has been supported by a Ramon y Cajal research contract (RYC-2009-03967) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Hurst, JM; Stewart, GH; Perry, GLW; Wiser, SK; Norton, DA				Hurst, Jennifer M.; Stewart, Glenn H.; Perry, George L. W.; Wiser, Susan K.; Norton, David A.			Determinants of tree mortality in mixed old-growth Nothofagus forest	FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT			English	Article						Tree mortality; Spatial pattern; Nothofagus; Disturbance	DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SPATIAL POINT PATTERNS; NEW-ZEALAND; SHADE TOLERANCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; CANOPY GAPS; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS; SPECIES COEXISTENCE	Rates and spatial patterns of tree mortality were examined using long-term data from old-growth, mixed-species forests of the Maruia Valley, South Island, New Zealand. The aim of the study was to investigate patterns of tree mortality in two common, co-occurring species, Nothofagus fusca (Hook. f.) Oerst. and Nothofagus menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst. The dynamics of three old-growth stands were followed over a 23-year period, using plots sized 0.8-1.0 ha. In total the fates of 1138 individual N. fusca and 1611 N. menziesii were recorded, which had annual mortality rates of 0.016 and 0.0089 per year, respectively. Differing spatial and size-related patterns of mortality were found between species. For both species, individual-based logistic models showed that slower growing trees were more likely to die than faster growing trees. N. fusca trees growing in previously disturbed stands were also more likely to die than those in undisturbed stands. Spatial point process analysis showed that dead N. fusca trees were spatially aggregated, and were segregated from living trees, a pattern that was consistent across both small and large trees. Dead N. menziesii were spatially aggregated, but were not segregated from living trees. Aggregated mortality of N. fusca trees should favor regeneration of this light-demanding species in large canopy gaps, perpetuating its aggregated distribution, whereas the lower mortality of shade-tolerant N. menziesii allows this species to persist. Our results demonstrate that performance differences in coexisting tree species can be manifested spatially. Between species, different mortality patterns may have implications for sustainable forest management. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Hurst, Jennifer M.; Norton, David A.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Forestry, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; [Stewart, Glenn H.] Lincoln Univ, Dept Environm Management, Fac Environm Soc & Design, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; [Perry, George L. W.] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand; [Hurst, Jennifer M.; Wiser, Susan K.] Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand; [Perry, George L. W.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand	Hurst, JM (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Sch Forestry, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.	hurstj@landcareresearch.co.nz	wiser, susan/G-1975-2011	wiser, susan/0000-0002-8938-8181; Perry, George/0000-0001-9672-9135	Canterbury Doctoral Scholarship; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation [C09X0802]	The authors thank Larry Burrows, Dianne Carter, Rowan Buxton, Alan Rose and numerous others who assisted with plot remeasurements over the years, and Rob Allen for useful discussions and thoughtful comments on an earlier draft. This study was supported by the Canterbury Doctoral Scholarship awarded to J.M.H., and the New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation (Contract C09X0802).	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Ecol. Manage.	APR 15	2012	270						189	199		10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.029				11	Forestry	Forestry	928MM	WOS:000302986900022					2019-02-21	
J	Vercken, E; Wellenreuther, M; Svensson, EI; Mauroy, B				Vercken, Elodie; Wellenreuther, Maren; Svensson, Erik I.; Mauroy, Benjamin			Don't Fall Off the Adaptation Cliff: When Asymmetrical Fitness Selects for Suboptimal Traits	PLOS ONE			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; LITTER-SIZE; CLUTCH-SIZE; STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTS; JENSENS INEQUALITY; BROOD SIZE; POPULATION DIVERGENCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRADE-OFFS	The cliff-edge hypothesis introduces the counterintuitive idea that the trait value associated with the maximum of an asymmetrical fitness function is not necessarily the value that is selected for if the trait shows variability in its phenotypic expression. We develop a model of population dynamics to show that, in such a system, the evolutionary stable strategy depends on both the shape of the fitness function around its maximum and the amount of phenotypic variance. The model provides quantitative predictions of the expected trait value distribution and provides an alternative quantity that should be maximized ("genotype fitness") instead of the classical fitness function ("phenotype fitness"). We test the model's predictions on three examples: (1) litter size in guinea pigs, (2) sexual selection in damselflies, and (3) the geometry of the human lung. In all three cases, the model's predictions give a closer match to empirical data than traditional optimization theory models. Our model can be extended to most ecological situations, and the evolutionary conditions for its application are expected to be common in nature.	[Vercken, Elodie] INRA, UMR ISA 1355, Inst Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France; [Wellenreuther, Maren; Svensson, Erik I.] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Lund, Sweden; [Mauroy, Benjamin] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 7351, Lab JA Dieudonne, Nice, France	Vercken, E (reprint author), INRA, UMR ISA 1355, Inst Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France.	elodie.vercken@sophia.inra.fr	Svensson, Erik/E-8324-2010	Svensson, Erik/0000-0001-9006-016X; Wellenreuther, Maren/0000-0002-2764-8291	Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique	This work was supported by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Vellau, H; Tammaru, T				Vellau, Helen; Tammaru, Toomas			Larval crowding leads to unusual reaction norms for size and time at maturity in a geometrid moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Lepidoptera; Geometridae; reaction norm; larval crowding; size and time at maturity; Ematurga atomaria	LIFE-HISTORY SHIFTS; EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA; GROWTH-RATE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; FIELD EXPERIMENT; DENSITY; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; RESPONSES; AGE	The theory of life history evolution generally predicts a negative across-environment correlation between development time and size at maturity in response to variations in environmental quality. Deviations from this pattern occur under specific circumstances. In particular, organisms may mature both early and at a small size when (1) some ultimate change (e.g. time constraint, resource exhaustion) in the environment precludes further growth, or (2) when there are predictable among-environment differences in mortality rates. The first scenario is frequently documented in insects but evidence for the second possibility is scarce. Here we report a crowding-induced plastic response resulting in a clear positive across-environment correlation between final weight and development time in a geometrid moth. The response was apparent during the entire larval period and in the last larval instar. Crowding also led to increased growth rates. As outbreaks have not been reported for this species it is unlikely that early pupation is a response to anticipated food shortage. Instead, we suggest that crowded larvae may perceive a higher risk of predation, perhaps because they are unable to distinguish conspecifics from potential predators. A possibility for a plastic increase in growth rate implies that the uncrowded larvae grow at submaximal rates, which indicates a cost of high growth rate.	[Vellau, Helen; Tammaru, Toomas] Univ Tartu, Dept Zool, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia	Vellau, H (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Dept Zool, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia.	helen.vellau@ut.ee; toomas.tammaru@ut.ee			Estonian Science Foundation [7522]; targeted financing project [SF0180122s08]; European Union through the (Center of Excellence FIBIR)	We thank D. Boukal, R. Davis, T. Esperk, J. Javois, A. Kaasik, T. Klemola, F. Molleman, T. Teder, A. Tiitsaar and two anonymous referees for constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This study was supported by Estonian Science Foundation grant no. 7522, targeted financing project SF0180122s08 and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR).	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J. Entomol.	APR 5	2012	109	2					181	186		10.14411/eje.2012.024				6	Entomology	Entomology	922ZK	WOS:000302587400007		Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Thomas, S; Boissot, N; Vanlerberghe-Masutti, F				Thomas, Sophie; Boissot, Nathalie; Vanlerberghe-Masutti, Flavie			What do spring migrants reveal about sex and host selection in the melon aphid?	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article							BLACK-BEAN APHID; MYZUS-PERSICAE HEMIPTERA; LOW GENETIC-VARIABILITY; GOSSYPII GLOVER; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; PEA APHID; MORPHOLOGICAL DISCRIMINATION; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS	Background: Host plants exert considerable selective pressure on aphids because the plants constitute their feeding, mating and oviposition sites. Therefore, host specialisation in aphids evolves through selection of the behavioural and chemical mechanisms of host-plant location and recognition, and through metabolic adaptation to the phloem content of the host plant. How these adaptive traits evolve in an aphid species depends on the complexity of the annual life cycle of that species. The purpose of this field study was to determine how winged spring-migrant populations contribute to the evolution and maintenance of host specialisation in Aphis gossypii through host-plant choice and acceptance. We also assessed whether host-specialised genotypes corresponded exclusively to anholocyclic lineages regardless of the environmental conditions. Results: The spring populations of cotton-melon aphids visiting newly planted melon crops exhibited an unexpectedly high level of genetic diversity that contrasted with the very low diversity characterising the host-specialised populations of this aphid species. This study illustrated in natura host-plant-selection pressure by showing the great differences in genetic diversity between the spring-migrant populations (alate aphids) and the melon-infesting populations (the apterous offspring of the alate aphids). Moreover, an analysis of the genetic composition of these alate and apterous populations in four geographic regions suggested differences in life-history strategies, such as host choice and reproductive mode, and questioned the common assertion that A. gossypii is an anholocyclic species throughout its distribution area, including Europe. Conclusions: Our results clearly demonstrate that the melon plant acts as a selective filter against the reproduction of non-specialised individuals. We showed that olfactory cues are unlikely to be decisive in natura for host recognition by spring-migrant aphid populations that are not specialised on Cucurbitaceae. The agroecosystem structure and history of the four studied regions may have partially shaped the genetic structure of the spring-migrant populations of A. gossypii. Cucurbitaceae-specialised genotypes corresponded exclusively to anholocyclic lineages, regardless of the environmental conditions. However, some genotypes that were genetically close to the host-specialised genotypes and some genotypes that probably originated from wild plants had never been previously sampled; both were holocylic.	[Vanlerberghe-Masutti, Flavie] INRA, CBGP UMR1062, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France; [Thomas, Sophie; Boissot, Nathalie] INRA, UR1052, F-84143 Montfavet, France	Vanlerberghe-Masutti, F (reprint author), INRA, CBGP UMR1062, BP 94, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France.	flavie.vanlerberghe@supagro.inra.fr			Comite Technique Permanent de la Selection (CTPS, Ministry of Agriculture [C06/02]; Gautier company; Rijk Zwaan company; ASL company; Takii company; De Ruiter company; SPE Department [AAP 2009]; GAP of INRA Department; INRA; Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France	We thank Pascale Mistral, Virginie Chareyron, the staff of the three experimental units of the INRA in Guadeloupe, Angers and Avignon and the Centre d'Experimentation des Fruits et Legumes for technical assistance. 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Biol.	APR 3	2012	12								47	10.1186/1471-2148-12-47				16	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	954AM	WOS:000304916000001	22471629	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Ferguson, HM; Maire, N; Takken, W; Lyimo, IN; Briet, O; Lindsay, SW; Smith, TA				Ferguson, Heather M.; Maire, Nicolas; Takken, Willem; Lyimo, Issa N.; Briet, Olivier; Lindsay, Steve W.; Smith, Thomas A.			Selection of mosquito life-histories: a hidden weapon against malaria?	MALARIA JOURNAL			English	Article						Anopheles vectors; Life history evolution; Malaria; Insecticide-treated bed nets; Extrinsic mortality; Natural selection	ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE GILES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RESISTANCE STATUS; ENDEMIC AREA; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; ARABIENSIS; CULICIDAE; VECTORS; DIPTERA	Background: There has recently been a substantial decline in malaria incidence in much of Africa. While the decline can clearly be linked to increasing coverage of mosquito vector control interventions and effective drug treatment in most settings, the ubiquity of reduction raises the possibility that additional ecological and associated evolutionary changes may be reinforcing the effectiveness of current vector control strategies in previously unanticipated ways. Presentation of hypothesis: Here it is hypothesized that the increasing coverage of insecticide-treated bed nets and other vector control methods may be driving selection for a shift in mosquito life history that reduces their ability to transmit malaria parasites. Specifically it is hypothesized that by substantially increasing the extrinsic rate of mortality experienced in vector populations, these interventions are creating a fitness incentive for mosquitoes to re-allocate their resources towards greater short-term reproduction at the expense of longer-term survival. As malaria transmission is fundamentally dependent on mosquito survival, a life history shift in this direction would greatly benefit control. Testing the hypothesis: At present, direct evaluation of this hypothesis within natural vector populations presents several logistical and methodological challenges. In the meantime, many insights can be gained from research previously conducted on wild Drosophila populations. Long-term selection experiments on these organisms suggest that increasing extrinsic mortality by a magnitude similar to that anticipated from the up-scaling of vector control measures generated an increase in their intrinsic mortality rate. Although this increase was small, a change of similar magnitude in Anopheles vector populations would be predicted to reduce malaria transmission by 80%. Implications of hypothesis: The hypothesis presented here provides a reminder that evolutionary processes induced by interventions against disease vectors may not always act to neutralize intervention effectiveness. In the search for new intervention strategies, consideration should be given to both the potential disadvantages and advantages of evolutionary processes resulting from their implementation, and attempts made to exploit those with greatest potential to enhance control.	[Ferguson, Heather M.] Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow G12 8Q, Lanark, Scotland; [Maire, Nicolas; Briet, Olivier; Smith, Thomas A.] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; [Maire, Nicolas; Briet, Olivier; Smith, Thomas A.] Univ Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland; [Takken, Willem] Wageningen Univ, Entomol Lab, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; [Lyimo, Issa N.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Biomed & Environm Themat Grp, Ifakara, Tanzania; [Lindsay, Steve W.] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England	Ferguson, HM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Glasgow G12 8Q, Lanark, Scotland.	Heather.Ferguson@glasgow.ac.uk	Smith, Thomas/B-5569-2015	Smith, Thomas/0000-0002-3650-9381; Briet, Olivier/0000-0003-1186-2688	BBSRC; Mshinda Fellowship; Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D020042/1]	HMF is funded by a BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship. INL was supported by a Mshinda Fellowship, WT by travel support by the Uyttenboogaart-Eliasen Foundation, The Netherlands, and SWL by the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics (RAPIDD) Program of the Science and Technology Directory, Department of Homeland Security, and Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. TS, OJTB, and NM are partly supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.	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J	Baulier, L; Heino, M; Gjosaeter, H				Baulier, Loic; Heino, Mikko; Gjosaeter, Harald			Temporal stability of the maturation schedule of capelin Mallotus villosus in the Barents Sea	AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES			English	Article						Probabilistic maturation reaction norms; Fisheries-induced evolution; Semelparous life-history; Forage fish; Osmeridae; Sub-Arctic fish	FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PROBABILISTIC REACTION NORMS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FISH STOCKS; GROWTH; MATURITY; SIZE; OSMERIDAE	Capelin in the Barents Sea are primarily harvested in a terminal fishery that targets maturing individuals. Theory predicts that, in a semelparous population (i.e., one in which reproduction is seasonal, synchronous, and followed by parental mortality), an unselective, terminal fishery (i.e., one in which most of the fish that are not caught will not have a new spawning opportunity) does not generate strong selection for changed age and size at maturation. The probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN) method was applied to test this prediction and to detect possible temporal changes in length at maturation of Barents Sea capelin between 1978 and 2008. Maturation reaction norms suggest that maturation is age-independent in capelin, but that males require a larger size to attain the same maturation probability as females. No temporal trends in length at maturation could be detected, thus confirming the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, none of the candidate environmental variables tested to explain the temporal variability in length at maturation (water temperature and capelin biomass) consistently showed a significant correlation with the PMRN midpoints.	[Baulier, Loic; Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Baulier, Loic; Heino, Mikko; Gjosaeter, Harald] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria	Baulier, L (reprint author), Fisheries & Aquat Sci Ctr, Agrocampus Ouest,65 Rue St Brieuc,CS 84215, Rennes, France.	loic.baulier@ifremer.fr	Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009	Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Gjosaeter, Harald/0000-0001-7694-6503	European Commission, as part of the Specific Targeted Research Project FinE under the European Community [SSP-2006-044276]; Bergen Research Foundation	We thank Sigurd Tjelmeland for help and discussions, as well as the journal editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful advice. This study was carried out with financial support from the European Commission, as part of the Specific Targeted Research Project FinE (SSP-2006-044276) under the European Community's Sixth Framework Program. The article does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission and does not anticipate the Commission's future policy in this area. MH also thanks the Bergen Research Foundation for funding.	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J	Caudell, MA; Quinlan, RJ				Caudell, Mark A.; Quinlan, Robert J.			Resource Availability, Mortality, and Fertility: A Path Analytic Approach to Global Life-History Variation	HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article						LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; TOTAL FERTILITY RATE; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; MORTALITY; PATH ANALYSIS	REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; DYING YOUNG; LIVING FAST; EXPECTANCY; NEIGHBORHOODS; EVOLUTION; BURDEN; RATES	Humans exhibit considerable diversity in timing and rate of reproduction. Life-history theory (LHT) suggests that ecological cues of resource richness and survival probabilities shape human phenotypes across populations. Populations experiencing high extrinsic mortality due to uncertainty in resources should exhibit faster life histories. Here we use a path analytic (PA) approach informed by LHT to model the multiple pathways between resources, mortality rates, and reproductive behavior in 191 countries. Resources that account for the most variance in population mortality rates are predicted to explain the most variance in total fertility rates. Results indicate that resources (e. g., calories, sanitation, education, and health-care expenditures) influence fertility rates in paths through communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Paths acting through communicable disease are more strongly associated with fertility than are paths through noncommunicable diseases. These results suggest that a PA approach may help disaggregate extrinsic and intrinsic mortality factors in cross-cultural analyses. Such knowledge may be useful in developing targeted policies to decrease teenage pregnancy, total fertility rates, and thus issues associated with overpopulation.	[Caudell, Mark A.; Quinlan, Robert J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA	Caudell, MA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.	mcaudell@wsu.edu					Anderson KG, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P103, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9087-z; Borgerhoff Mulder M., 1992, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, P339; Brown T., 2006, CONFIRMATORY FACTOR; Bulled NL, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P269, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9092-2; Byrne BM, 2012, STRUCTURAL EQUATION; Chisholm JS, 2005, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V16, P233, DOI 10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Chisholm JS, 2008, EVOLUTIONARY MED HLT, P134; CHISHOLM JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Gant L, 2009, SOC WORK PUBLIC HLTH, V24, P39, DOI 10.1080/19371910802569435; Harpending HC, 1990, DIS POPULATIONS TRAN, P251; Hill K, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P397, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.397; Hu LT, 1999, STRUCT EQU MODELING, V6, P1, DOI 10.1080/10705519909540118; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-7; Kline R. B., 2010, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE; Leowski J, 1986, World Health Stat Q, V39, P138; Lopez AD, 2006, LANCET, V367, P1747, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9; Low BS, 2008, CROSS-CULT RES, V42, P201, DOI 10.1177/1069397108317669; MacCallum RC, 1996, PSYCHOL METHODS, V1, P130, DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.1.2.130; Muthen B., 2010, MPLUS USERS GUIDE VE; Narayan KMV, 2010, NEW ENGL J MED, V363, P1196, DOI 10.1056/NEJMp1002024; Nettle D, 2011, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V278, P1721, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2010.1726; Nettle D, 2010, BEHAV ECOL, V21, P387, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arp202; Placek C, 2011, ENV RISK ADOLESCENT; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; Quinlan RJ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P121, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3690; Quinlan RJ, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P124, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9085-1; ROFF DA, 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Sachs J, 2002, NATURE, V415, P680, DOI 10.1038/415680a; StataCorp, 2009, STAT STAT SOFTW REL; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1989, FUNCT ECOL, V3, P259, DOI 10.2307/2389364; Walker R, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P295, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20510; Watson JT, 2007, EMERG INFECT DIS, V13, P1, DOI 10.3201/eid1301.060779; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271; World Health Organization (WHO), 2009, WORLD HLTH STAT	37	9	10	0	27	WAYNE STATE UNIV PRESS	DETROIT	4809 WOODWARD AVE, DETROIT, MI 48201-1309 USA	0018-7143	1534-6617		HUM BIOL	Hum. Biol.	APR	2012	84	2					101	125		10.3378/027.084.0201				25	Anthropology; Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity	952FS	WOS:000304777300001	22708816	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Connallon, T; Clark, AG				Connallon, Tim; Clark, Andrew G.			A General Population Genetic Framework for Antagonistic Selection That Accounts for Demography and Recurrent Mutation	GENETICS			English	Article							INTRALOCUS SEXUAL CONFLICT; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT; DIFFERENTIAL SELECTION; FINITE POPULATIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; LINKED LOCUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TEMPORAL HETEROGENEITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ONTOGENIC CONFLICT	Antagonistic selection-where alleles at a locus have opposing effects on male and female fitness ("sexual antagonism") or between components of fitness ("antagonistic pleiotropy")-might play an important role in maintaining population genetic variation and in driving phylogenetic and genomic patterns of sexual dimorphism and life-history evolution. While prior theory has thoroughly characterized the conditions necessary for antagonistic balancing selection to operate, we currently know little about the evolutionary interactions between antagonistic selection, recurrent mutation, and genetic drift, which should collectively shape empirical patterns of genetic variation. To fill this void, we developed and analyzed a series of population genetic models that simultaneously incorporate these processes. Our models identify two general properties of antagonistically selected loci. First, antagonistic selection inflates heterozygosity and fitness variance across a broad parameter range-a result that applies to alleles maintained by balancing selection and by recurrent mutation. Second, effective population size and genetic drift profoundly affect the statistical frequency distributions of antagonistically selected alleles. The "efficacy" of antagonistic selection (i.e., its tendency to dominate over genetic drift) is extremely weak relative to classical models, such as directional selection and overdominance. Alleles meeting traditional criteria for strong selection (N(e)s >> 1, where N-e is the effective population size, and s is a selection coefficient for a given sex or fitness component) may nevertheless evolve as if neutral. The effects of mutation and demography may generate population differences in overall levels of antagonistic fitness variation, as well as molecular population genetic signatures of balancing selection.	[Connallon, Tim; Clark, Andrew G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA	Connallon, T (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Biotechnol Bldg,Rm 227, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.	tmc233@cornell.edu	Connallon, Tim/B-6726-2016		National Institutes of Health [R01 GM064590]	This work benefitted from discussions with J. R. Arguello, G. Arnqvist, M. Cardoso-Moreira, R. P. Meisel, E. H. Morrow, A. Uesugi, and R. L. Unckless and from comments by two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM064590 to A. G. Clark and A. B. Carvalho.	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J	Kendall, NW; Quinn, TP				Kendall, Neala W.; Quinn, Thomas P.			Quantifying and comparing size selectivity among Alaskan sockeye salmon fisheries	ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS			English	Article						age and length at maturation; Alaskan sockeye salmon; fisheries-induced evolution; fishery selection; harvest-induced selection; harvest selection; life-history evolution; linear mixed-effects models; Oncorhynchus nerka; selection differentials	EVOLUTIONARY TIME SCALES; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GILLNET SELECTIVITY; CHINOOK SALMON; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH POPULATION; RIVER SYSTEM; BRISTOL BAY	Quantifying long-term size-selective harvest patterns is necessary for understanding the potential evolutionary effects on exploited species. The comparison of fishery selection patterns on the same species subject to different gear types, in different areas, and over multi-decadal periods can reveal the factors influencing selection. In this study we quantified and compared size-selective harvest by nine Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fisheries to understand overall patterns. We calculated length-specific linear selection differentials (the difference in average length of fish before vs. after fishing), which are produced by different combinations of exploitation rates and length-selectivity values, and nonlinear standardized differentials, describing disruptive selection, across all years for each fishery. Selection differentials varied among years, but larger fish were caught in 73% of years for males and 84% of years for females, leaving smaller fish to spawn. Disruptive selection was observed on female and male fish in 84% and 92% of years, respectively. Linear selection was stronger on females than males in 77% of years examined, and disruptive selection was stronger on males in 71% of years. Selection pressure was influenced by a combination of factors under and beyond management control; analyses using mixed-effects models indicated that fisheries were less size selective in years when fish were larger than average and had lower exploitation rates. The observed harvest of larger than average sockeye salmon is consistent with the hypothesis that size-selective fishing contributes to decreasing age and length at maturation trends over time, but temporal variability in selection and strong disruptive selection suggests that the overall directional pressure is weaker than is often assumed in evolutionary models.	[Kendall, Neala W.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA	Kendall, NW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	kendalln@uw.edu			Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington	We gratefully acknowledge the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington for funding this research, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) for access to the long-term data. Matt Foster, Mary Beth Loewen, Terri Tobias, Fred West, and Mark Willette of ADFG were instrumental in organizing the data and providing them to us. Discussions with Curry Cunningham were insightful. Harry Rich, Jr. assisted with Fig. 1. Jeff Hard, Andre Punt, and Ray Hilborn provided very helpful comments on this manuscript.	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Appl.	APR	2012	22	3					804	816		10.1890/11-1189.1				13	Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	932SY	WOS:000303312000006	22645812				2019-02-21	
J	Correa, C; Hendry, AP				Correa, Cristian; Hendry, Andrew P.			Invasive salmonids and lake order interact in the decline of puye grande Galaxias platei in western Patagonia lakes	ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS			English	Article						AIC(c); Aplochiton; Chile; constraint to salmonid invasiveness; deforestation; Galaxiidae; information-theoretic approach; invasive trout; path analysis; Yulton Lake	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SOUTHERN CHILE; RAINBOW-TROUT; NATIVE FISHES; NEW-ZEALAND; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; INTRODUCED TROUT; BROWN TROUT; PREDATOR; HABITAT	Salmonid fishes, native to the northern hemisphere, have become naturalized in many austral countries and appear linked to the decline of native fishes, particularly galaxiids. However, a lack of baseline information and the potential for confounding anthropogenic stressors have led to uncertainty regarding the association between salmonid invasions and galaxiid declines, especially in lakes, as these have been much less studied than streams. We surveyed 25 lakes in the Aysen region of Chilean Patagonia, including both uninvaded and salmonid-invaded lakes. Abundance indices (AI) of Galaxias platei and salmonids (Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss) were calculated using capture-per-unit-effort data from gillnets, minnow traps, and electrofishing. We also measured additional environmental variables, including deforestation, lake morphometrics, altitude, and hydrological position (i.e., lake order). An information-theoretic approach to explaining the AI of G. platei revealed that by far the strongest effect was a negative association with the AI of salmonids. Lake order was also important, and using structural equation modeling, we show that this is an indirect effect naturally constraining the salmonid invasion success in Patagonia. Supporting this conclusion, an analysis of an independent data set from 106 mountain lakes in western Canada showed that introduced salmonids are indeed less successful in low-order lakes. Reproductive failure due to insufficient spawning habitat and harsh environmental conditions could be the cause of these limits to salmonid success. The existence of this effect in Chilean Patagonia suggests that low-order lakes are likely to provide natural ecological refugia for G. platei. Finally, pristine, high-order lakes should be actively protected as these have become rare and irreplaceable unspoiled references of the most diverse, natural lake ecosystems in Patagonia.	[Correa, Cristian; Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada	Correa, C (reprint author), McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Dept Biol, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.	cristiancorrea@gmail.com		Correa, Cristian/0000-0002-8608-6858	Centro de Investigacion en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia; National Geographic Society (CRE); Canadian Association of Universities (LACREG); McGill School of Environment	We dedicate this work to Robert ("Bob'') M. McDowall (September 1939-February 2011), prolific and inspiring pioneer in the study of galaxioids worldwide. We are especially thankful to A. Bravo for her continuous support. We also thank our outstanding field assistants: A. Bravo, C. Cortez, G. Orellana, and S. Vasquez. We are also grateful to D. Cayun, F. Durot, M. Hendry, J. Hudson, P. Ortiz, J. J. Ortiz, V. Peralta, B. Reid, and C. Serrano for their assistance in the field. Kyle Young and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism to earlier drafts. We appreciate the support of the scientists B. Dyer, G. Gajardo, C. Garcia de Leaniz, C. Meier, and staff members of the Centro de Investigacion en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, especially B. Reid. We thank the people scattered across the landscape in Aysen for their unconditional cooperation in the field. Thanks to M. Kinnison, and Freshwater Illustrated for lending their gear. This research was funded by the National Geographic Society (CRE grant), the Canadian Association of Universities (LACREG grant), and the McGill School of Environment. C. Correa held a scholarship from Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Gobierno de Chile (CONYCIT).	Aigo J, 2008, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V18, P387, DOI 10.1007/s11160-007-9080-8; Amundsen PA, 2007, J ANIM ECOL, V76, P149, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01179.x; Anderson DR., 2008, MODEL BASED INFERENC; Arbuckle J. L., 1995, AMOS 18 USERS GUIDE; Arismendi I, 2007, REV FISH SCI, V15, P311, DOI 10.1080/10641260701484655; Arismendi I, 2011, LAKE RESERV MANAGE, V27, P61, DOI 10.1080/07438141.2010.536617; Arismendi I, 2009, FRESHWATER BIOL, V54, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02157.x; Bain M. 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H., 2003, STRUCTURAL EQUATION; R Development Core Team, 2010, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Reznick D, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P126, DOI 10.1086/318627; Rowe DK, 1999, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V33, P141, DOI 10.1080/00288330.1999.9516864; Ruzzante DE, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P2234, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03738.x; Sakai M., 1989, FINAL REPORT AQUACUL; Sih A, 2010, OIKOS, V119, P610, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18039.x; Soto D, 2006, REV CHIL HIST NAT, V79, P97, DOI 10.4067/S0716-078X2006000100009; Soto D, 2002, REV CHIL HIST NAT, V75, P377, DOI 10.4067/S0716-078X2002000200009; Soto D, 2001, ECOL APPL, V11, P1750, DOI 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1750:ESITIS]2.0.CO;2; Soto D, 2006, BIOLOGIA, V61, P541, DOI 10.2478/s11756-006-0088-7; Stuart-Smith RD, 2008, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V82, P93, DOI 10.1007/s10641-007-9256-z; Toms JD, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2034, DOI 10.1890/02-0472; Vigliano P., 2007, REV M T FIS, P315; Vigliano PH, 2009, T AM FISH SOC, V138, P1405, DOI 10.1577/T08-067.1; Woelfl S, 2003, REV CHIL HIST NAT, V76, P459, DOI 10.4067/S0716-078X2003000300010; Woodford DJ, 2010, ECOL APPL, V20, P967, DOI 10.1890/08-1909.1; Yarrow M., 2009, PERSPECTIVES INTEGRA, P341; Young K., 2008, BIOL INVASIONS, V11, P1955; Young KA, 2010, ANIM CONSERV, V13, P399, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00354.x; Zemlak TS, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P5049, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03987.x	72	30	30	1	45	ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER	WASHINGTON	1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA	1051-0761			ECOL APPL	Ecol. Appl.	APR	2012	22	3					828	842		10.1890/11-1174.1				15	Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	932SY	WOS:000303312000008	22645814				2019-02-21	
J	Boyle, MJ; Rice, ME				Boyle, M. J.; Rice, M. E.			Life History Evolution: Insights from Comparative Development and Gene Expression in Sipuncula	INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY			English	Meeting Abstract	Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB)	JAN 03-07, 2012	Charleston, SC	Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB)					[Boyle, M. J.; Rice, M. E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA		boylem@si.edu						0	0	0	0	8	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1540-7063			INTEGR COMP BIOL	Integr. Comp. Biol.	APR	2012	52			1			E18	E18						1	Zoology	Zoology	930TV	WOS:000303165000073					2019-02-21	
J	Boucher, FC; Thuiller, W; Roquet, C; Douzet, R; Aubert, S; Alvarez, N; Lavergne, S				Boucher, Florian C.; Thuiller, Wilfried; Roquet, Cristina; Douzet, Rolland; Aubert, Serge; Alvarez, Nadir; Lavergne, Sebastien			RECONSTRUCTING THE ORIGINS OF HIGH-ALPINE NICHES AND CUSHION LIFE FORM IN THE GENUS ANDROSACE SL (PRIMULACEAE)	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Alpine plants; climatic niche; key innovation; niche conservatism; phylogenetic signal; phylogenetic uncertainty	MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; DIVERGENCE TIME; PLANT TRAITS; EASTERN ALPS; GLOBAL-SCALE; SAMPLE-SIZE	Relatively, few species have been able to colonize extremely cold alpine environments. We investigate the role played by the cushion life form in the evolution of climatic niches in the plant genus Androsace s.l., which spreads across the mountain ranges of the Northern Hemisphere. Using robust methods that account for phylogenetic uncertainty, intraspecific variability of climatic requirements and different life-history evolution scenarios, we show that climatic niches of Androsace s.l. exhibit low phylogenetic signal and that they evolved relatively recently and punctually. Models of niche evolution fitted onto phylogenies show that the cushion life form has been a key innovation providing the opportunity to occupy extremely cold environments, thus contributing to rapid climatic niche diversification in the genus Androsace s.l. We then propose a plausible scenario for the adaptation of plants to alpine habitats.	[Boucher, Florian C.; Thuiller, Wilfried; Roquet, Cristina; Aubert, Serge; Lavergne, Sebastien] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France; [Douzet, Rolland; Aubert, Serge] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMS 2925, Stn Alpine Joseph Fourier, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France; [Alvarez, Nadir] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland	Boucher, FC (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France.	flofloboucher@gmail.com	Alvarez, Nadir/B-4318-2010; THUILLER, Wilfried/G-3283-2010	Alvarez, Nadir/0000-0002-0729-166X; THUILLER, Wilfried/0000-0002-5388-5274; Boucher, Florian C./0000-0002-1151-0028	French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche"; EVORANGE [ANR-09-PEXT-011]; European Commission [066866]; Ecole Polytechnique, Saclay [AMX 2010-2013]; Swiss National Science Foundation [PZ00P3_126624]; Fundacion Ramon Areces	We are grateful to all the people who contributed to GBIF, and to the botanists from the CBNA, the CBNMED, and the CRSF. We also thank M. Alfaro, L. Sack, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism and advice on this work, and R. Fitzjohn for help with functions of the "diversitree" package. L. Gallien provided useful feedback on the focus of the study. Thanks also to Version Originale for checking and correcting the English in this article. This work was funded by the French "Agence Nationale de la Recherche" with the EVORANGE (ANR-09-PEXT-011) project, and by the European Commission's FP6 ECOCHANGE project (Contract No. 066866 GOCE). The grant to FB was provided by the Ecole Polytechnique, Saclay (AMX 2010-2013). NA was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Ambizione fellowship PZ00P3_126624). CR was supported by a grant from the Fundacion Ramon Areces.	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J	Kuparinen, A; Hardie, DC; Hutchings, JA				Kuparinen, Anna; Hardie, David C.; Hutchings, Jeffrey A.			Evolutionary and ecological feedbacks of the survival cost of reproduction	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Article						Atlantic cod; life-history evolution; natural mortality; recruitment; spawning stock; survival cost of reproduction	FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE FISH; NATURAL MORTALITY; POPULATION RECOVERY; NORTHERN COD; GROWTH; AGE	Arguably the most fundamental of trade-offs in life-history evolution is the increase in natural mortality resulting from sexual maturity and reproduction. Despite its central importance, this increase in mortality, a survival cost, garners surprisingly little attention in fish and fisheries modeling studies. We undertook an exploratory analysis to evaluate the consequences of this omission for life-history projections. To this end, we developed a simulation approach that integrates quantitative genetics into the ecological dynamics of a fish population and parameterized the model for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, L.). When compared to simulations in which the mortality of immature and mature individuals is equal, the inclusion of a survival cost results in larger asymptotic body size, older age at maturity, and larger size at maturity. We also find that measures of population productivity (spawning stock biomass, recruits-per-spawner) are overestimated if the survival cost is excluded. This sensitivity of key metrics of population growth rate and reproductive capacity to the magnitude of the survival cost of reproduction underscores the need to explicitly account for this trade-off in projections of fish population responses to natural and anthropogenic environmental change, including fisheries.	[Kuparinen, Anna] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Ecol Genet Res Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Hardie, David C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada	Kuparinen, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Ecol Genet Res Unit, POB 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.	anna.kuparinen@helsinki.fi			Academy of Finland; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Programme; European Union [244706/ECOK-NOWS]	The research leading to these results has received funding from the Academy of Finland (AK), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Polar Continental Shelf Programme (DH, JH) and from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 244706/ECOK-NOWS project (AK). 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J	Miehls, ALJ; Peacor, SD; McAdam, AG				Miehls, Andrea L. J.; Peacor, Scott D.; McAdam, Andrew G.			Genetic and maternal effects on tail spine and body length in the invasive spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus)	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Article						clonal analysis; heritability; invasive species; Lake Michigan; maternal effects; quantitative genetics; variation; zooplankton	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; PREDATORY CLADOCERANS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; SPECIES INVASIONS; SEXUAL SELECTION; RANGE EXPANSION	Interest in the evolution of invasive species has grown in recent years, yet few studies have investigated sources of variation in invasive species traits experiencing natural selection. The spiny water flea, Bythotrephes longimanus, is an invasive zooplankton in the Great Lakes that exhibits seasonal changes in tail spine and body length consistent with natural selection. Evolution of Bythotrephes traits, however, depends on the presence and magnitude of quantitative genetic variation, which could change within or across years. Clonal analysis of wild-captured Bythotrephes indicated that variance components for distal spine length were variable among but not within years. Spine length was always heritable but was not always influenced by maternal effects. In contrast, variance components for body length varied both within and among years, but likewise body length was always heritable and not always influenced by maternal effects. Results indicate that important Bythotrephes traits have heritable variation comparable to native species and other invasive species that would enable an evolutionary response to natural selection. This evolutionary capacity could contribute to the widespread success and dramatic effects of Bythotrephes invasion in systems with diverse biotic and abiotic conditions.	[Miehls, Andrea L. J.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Miehls, Andrea L. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA; [McAdam, Andrew G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Miehls, ALJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.	jaegeran@msu.edu	McAdam, Andrew/G-1802-2010	McAdam, Andrew/0000-0001-7323-2572	Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundation [DEB-0089809]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [FP91698801-0]; Michigan State University AgBioResearch	We thank the McAdam Lab, Doug Schemske and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Doran Mason, Dennis Donahue, Steven Pothoven, and the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and NOAA Lake Michigan Field Station offered research vessels and field support staff. Keali Chambers, Brittany Damschroder, Jason Fischer, Brittany Gunther, Nicole Hedquist, Lydia Kramer, Ian McCririe, Scott Miehls, Jennifer Pellegrini, Veronica Quesnell, Andria Salas, Ben Staton, Marie Stevenson and Brandon Vieder helped to collect data. Natalie Kim, Kevin Pangle, Kim Schulz and Peder Yurista provided valuable help with Bythotrephes culturing protocols. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0089809), and an EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) fellowship (STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. FP91698801-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). This work has not been formally reviewed by the EPA, and the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors. SDP acknowledges support from Michigan State University AgBioResearch. This is contribution number 1603 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory.	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Appl.	APR	2012	5	3					306	316		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00221.x				11	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	920IE	WOS:000302396700008	25568050	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Ziomkiewicz, A; Wichary, S; Bochenek, D; Pawlowski, B; Jasienska, G				Ziomkiewicz, Anna; Wichary, Szymon; Bochenek, Dorota; Pawlowski, Boguslaw; Jasienska, Grazyna			Temperament and ovarian reproductive hormones in women: Evidence from a study during the entire menstrual cycle	HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Temperament; Personality; Fertility; Menstrual cycle; Estrogen; Progesterone	PERSONALITY-TRAITS; ESTRADIOL LEVELS; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; FERTILITY; PROFILES; ESTROGEN; BEHAVIOR	Personality and temperament were hypothesized to function as important factors affecting life history strategies. Recent research has demonstrated the association between temperamental traits and reproduction in humans, however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. This study presents evidence for an association between temperamental traits and woman's fecundity, as indicated by levels of ovarian steroid hormones during the menstrual cycle. On a large sample of urban, reproductive age women (n = 108) we demonstrated that activity, endurance and emotional reactivity are associated with levels of estrogen and with a pattern of change of progesterone levels. Women high in activity, high in endurance and low in emotional reactivity had up to twice as high estradiol levels and more favorable progesterone profiles as women low in activity, low in endurance and high in emotional reactivity. The temperamental traits we measured highly overlap with extraversion, neuroticisci and negative emotionality that were reported to correlate with reproductive success. Our findings thus suggest a possible explanation for these relationships, linking personality and women's reproductive success through a hormonal pathway. (C) 2012 Elsevier. Inc. All rights reserved.	[Ziomkiewicz, Anna] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Anthropol, PL-50951 Wroclaw, Poland; [Wichary, Szymon] Warsaw Sch Social Sci & Humanities, PL-03815 Warsaw, Poland; [Wichary, Szymon] Univ Basel, Dept Psychol, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; [Bochenek, Dorota; Pawlowski, Boguslaw] Univ Wroclaw, Dept Anthropol, PL-50138 Wroclaw, Poland; [Jasienska, Grazyna] Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Studies, PL-31531 Krakow, Poland	Ziomkiewicz, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Anthropol, Kuznicza 35, PL-50951 Wroclaw, Poland.	annaz@antro.pan.wroc.pl; swichary@swps.edu.pl; bochenek.dorota@gmail.com; bogus@antropo.uni.wroc.pl; jasienska@post.harvard.edu	Pawlowski, Boguslaw/C-1088-2013; Ziomkiewicz, Anna/H-8546-2012	Ziomkiewicz, Anna/0000-0002-1842-3314; Pawlowski, Boguslaw/0000-0002-7418-475X; Jasienska, Grazyna/0000-0001-8716-6342	Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [NN303 2403 33]	The study was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant no. NN303 2403 33). We thank Jan Strelau and Bettina von Helversen for helpful comments and discussions, Anita Todd for editing the manuscript, and Aleksandra Gomula for assistance in data collection.	Abu-Saad K, 2010, EPIDEMIOL REV, V32, P5, DOI 10.1093/epirev/mxq001; Alvergne A, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V49, P840, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.006; Alvergne A, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P11745, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1001752107; BAIRD DD, 1991, STAT MED, V10, P255, DOI 10.1002/sim.4780100209; Biro PA, 2008, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V23, P361, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.04.003; Blache D, 2011, REPROD BIOL, V11, P61; Brumback BA, 1998, J AM STAT ASSOC, V93, P961, DOI 10.2307/2669837; Buss A., 1984, TEMPERAMENT EARLY DE, P1; BUSS DM, 1990, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V21, P5, DOI 10.1177/0022022190211001; Costa P. 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Behav.	APR	2012	61	4					535	540		10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.017				6	Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism	Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism	925LW	WOS:000302763700010	22342576				2019-02-21	
J	Ferguson, JM; Taper, ML; Guy, CS; Syslo, JM				Ferguson, Jake M.; Taper, Mark L.; Guy, Christopher S.; Syslo, John M.			Mechanisms of coexistence between native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): inferences from pattern-oriented modeling	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article								Determining the ecological mechanisms that control population abundances is an important issue for the conservation of endangered and threatened species. We examined whether a threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population could coexist at observed levels with the ecologically similar introduced species, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), using a pattern-oriented analysis of population dynamics models. We used a large suite of stage-and age-structured models to examine how both competitive and predatory interactions, combined with differing life-history strategies and species vital rates, drove salmonid coexistence patterns. In our models, an ontogenetic shift in juvenile bull trout resource use was the most important factor contributing to the two species coexistence; however, this coexistence occurred with reduced abundances in bull trout that increase the chances of extirpation for the native species. Observed levels of competition were found to have stronger effects than predation on population abundances. We used a pattern-oriented modeling approach to inference; this approach assumes process models that can generate patterns similar to the observed patterns are better supported than those that cannot. This methodology may find wide use on a number of data-limited fishery management and conservation problems.	[Ferguson, Jake M.; Taper, Mark L.; Syslo, John M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA	Ferguson, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.	troutinthemilk@ufl.edu	Ferguson, Jake/A-7093-2013	Ferguson, Jake/0000-0002-5034-9089	NSF [DEB 0717456]	We thank Lora Tenant, Michael Meeuwig, and Garrett Dickman for reviewing earlier drafts of the manuscript, as well as Michael Meeuwig and Felipe Carvalho for their assistance with Fig. 1. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor William Tonn for their suggestions that have greatly improved the quality and scope of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for description purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. MLT was partly supported by NSF grant DEB 0717456.	Shuter BJ, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P2161, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-9-2161; Sitar Shawn P., 1999, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, V19, P881, DOI 10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0881:LTMAAI>2.0.CO;2; Staples DF., 2006, THESIS MONTANA STATE; Syslo J. M., 2010, THESIS MONTANA STATE	4	5	5	0	25	CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS	OTTAWA	1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA	0706-652X			CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI	Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.	APR	2012	69	4					755	769		10.1139/F2011-177				15	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	918AW	WOS:000302222200011					2019-02-21	
J	Miller, TJ; Quintana-Ascencio, PF; Maliakal-Witt, S; Menges, ES				Miller, Timothy J.; Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F.; Maliakal-Witt, Satya; Menges, Eric S.			Metacommunity Dynamics Over 16 Years in a Pyrogenic Shrubland	CONSERVATION BIOLOGY			English	Article						Florida rosemary scrub; nestedness; patch connectivity; patch-incidence model; patch quality; shrubland	FLORIDA SCRUB PLANTS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION VIABILITY; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; FIRE; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; HABITAT; CONNECTIVITY; NESTEDNESS	Metacommunity theory allows predictions about the dynamics of potentially interacting species assemblages that are linked by dispersal, but strong empirical tests of the theory are rare. We analyzed the metacommunity dynamics of Florida rosemary scrub, a patchily distributed pyrogenic community, to test predictions about turnover rates, community nestedness, and responses to patch size, arrangement, and quality. We collected occurrence data for 45 plant species from 88 rosemary scrub patches in 1989 and 2005 and used growth form, mechanism of regeneration after fire, and degree of habitat specialization to categorize species by life history. We tested whether patch size, fire history, and structural connectivity (a measure of proximity and size of surrounding patches) could be used to predict apparent extinctions and colonizations. In addition, we tested the accuracy of incidence-function models built with the patch survey data from 1989. After fire local extinction rates were higher for herbs than woody plants, higher for species that regenerated only from seed than species able to resprout, and higher for generalist than specialist species. Fewer rosemary specialists and a higher proportion of habitat generalists were extirpated on recently burned patches than on patches not burned between 1989 and 2005. Nestedness was highest for specialists among all life-history groups. Estimated model parameters from 1989 predicted the observed (19892005) extinction rates and the number of patches with persistent populations of individual species. These results indicate that species with different life-history strategies within the same metacommunity can have substantially different responses to patch configuration and quality. Real metacommunities may not conform to certain assumptions of simple models, but incidence-function models that consider only patch size, configuration, and quality can have significant predictive accuracy.	[Miller, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA; [Maliakal-Witt, Satya] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Menges, Eric S.] Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33862 USA	Miller, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	tijmille@ucsc.edu			National Science Foundation [DEB9815370, DEB0233899, DEB0812717]; Archbold Biological Station	This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB9815370, DEB0233899, DEB0812717) and by Archbold Biological Station. We acknowledge A. Maguire, D. Horton, and E. Boughton for helpful discussions and K. Kay, J. Yost, K. Medley, R. Noss, R. Holt, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft.	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Biol.	APR	2012	26	2					357	366		10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01807.x				10	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	914VO	WOS:000301981100019	22260356				2019-02-21	
J	Lindborg, R; Helm, A; Bommarco, R; Heikkinen, RK; Kuhn, I; Pykala, J; Partel, M				Lindborg, Regina; Helm, Aveliina; Bommarco, Riccardo; Heikkinen, Risto K.; Kuehn, Ingolf; Pykala, Juha; Paertel, Meelis			Effect of habitat area and isolation on plant trait distribution in European forests and grasslands	ECOGRAPHY			English	Article							EXPERIMENTALLY FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SPECIES RICHNESS; SEED SIZE; DISPERSAL LIMITATION; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; EXTINCTION DEBT; SPATIAL SCALES	A number of studies show contrasting results in how plant species with specific life-history strategies respond to fragmentation, but a general analysis on whether traits affect plant species occurrences in relation to habitat area and isolation has not been performed. We used published data from forests and grasslands in north-central Europe to analyse if there are general patterns of sensitivity to isolation and dependency of area for species using three traits: life-span, clonality, and seed weight. We show that a larger share of all forest species was affected by habitat isolation and area as compared to grassland species. Persistence-related traits, life-span and clonality, were associated to habitat area and the dispersal and recruitment related trait, seed weight, to isolation in both forest and grassland patches. Occurrence of clonal plant species decreased with habitat area, opposite to non-clonal plant species, and long-lived plant species decreased with grassland area. The directions of these responses partly challenge some earlier views, suggesting that further decrease in habitat area will lead to a change in plant species community composition, towards relatively fewer clonal and long-lived plants with large seeds in small forest patches and fewer clonal plants with small seeds in small grassland patches. It is likely that this altered community has been reached in many fragmented European landscapes consisting of small and isolated natural and semi-natural patches, where many non-clonal and short-lived species have already disappeared. Our study based on a large-scale dataset reveals general and useful insights concerning area and isolation effects on plant species composition that can improve the outcome of conservation and restoration efforts of plant communities in rural landscapes.	[Lindborg, Regina] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Helm, Aveliina; Paertel, Meelis] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia; [Bommarco, Riccardo] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; [Heikkinen, Risto K.; Pykala, Juha] Nat Environm Ctr, Finnish Environm Inst, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland; [Kuehn, Ingolf] Helmoholtz Ctr Environm Res UFZ, Dept Community Ecol, DE-06120 Halle, Germany	Lindborg, R (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	regina.lindborg@natgeo.su.se	Helm, Aveliina/H-3127-2015; Kuhn, Ingolf/B-9756-2009; Partel, Meelis/D-5493-2012; Bommarco, Riccardo/E-7109-2016	Helm, Aveliina/0000-0003-2338-4564; Kuhn, Ingolf/0000-0003-1691-8249; Partel, Meelis/0000-0002-5874-0138; Bommarco, Riccardo/0000-0001-8888-0476	EU [SSPI-CT-2006-044346, 226852]; Centre of Excellence FIBIR; Estonian Science Foundation [6619, 7610, 8323]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial planning (FORMAS)	We thank Lyubomir Penev for organizing the workshop within the COCONUT-project that formed the basis of this work. This research was funded by the EU in the 6th framework project 'COCONUT - Understanding effects of land use changes on ecosystems to halt loss of biodiversity' (SSPI-CT-2006-044346), the EU FP7 project 'SCALES - Securing the Conservation of biodiversity across Administrative Levels and spatial, temporal and Ecological Scales' (grant 226852), Centre of Excellence FIBIR, the Estonian Science Foundation (grants, 6619, 7610 and 8323), and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial planning (FORMAS).	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J	Jervis, MA; Moe, A; Heimpel, GE				Jervis, Mark A.; Moe, Annika; Heimpel, George E.			The evolution of parasitoid fecundity: a paradigm under scrutiny	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						Balanced mortality; comparative analysis; Diptera; fecundity; Hymenoptera; life-history; parasitism; survivorship	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BODY-SIZE; EGG-PRODUCTION; CLUTCH SIZE; HYMENOPTERA; WASPS; STRATEGIES; LIMITATION; ALLOCATION; ARGUMENT	An important assumption in insect parasitoid life-history theory is that, within parasitoid complexes (species assemblages associated with particular hosts), members attacking young host stages are more fecund than members targeting older ones. This hypothesis reflects the general trajectory of host survivorship curves: as a host cohort ages, availability to female parasitoids declines, as can the risk that the host and the parasitoid offspring it carries succumbs to extrinsic mortality. However, the analyses that provided empirical support for the hypothesis did not control for phylogeny. Using the original datasets, we use phylogenetically corrected analyses to test whether the results of the seminal study are upheld. Although we show those findings to be robust, the decline in fecundity could be a sampling artefact. We conclude that it would be unwise to assume the paradigm to be generally representative of natural parasitoid complexes.	[Jervis, Mark A.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales; [Moe, Annika] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Heimpel, George E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA	Jervis, MA (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Biomed Sci Bldg,Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.	jervis@cf.ac.uk					BELSHAW R. 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J	Moreau, DTR; Fleming, IA				Moreau, Darek T. R.; Fleming, Ian A.			Enhanced growth reduces precocial male maturation in Atlantic salmon	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						alternative reproductive phenotypes; Atlantic salmon; genetically modified organisms; growth hormone; mature parr; proximate mechanisms; Salmo salar; transgenesis	LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; TRANSGENIC COHO SALMON; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; BODY-SIZE; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; HORMONE TRANSGENE; SEXUAL SELECTION; MALE PARR; SALAR L	1. Understanding the proximate and ultimate mechanisms shaping the expression of alternative reproductive phenotypes is a fundamental question in life-history evolution. Precocial maturation in fishes, one such alternative phenotype, has been thought to reflect rapid growth and/or energy accumulation; however, mechanistically linking these specific traits to discrete life-history patterns is complex and poorly understood. 2. Here, we use growth hormone (GH) transgenic Atlantic salmon to elucidate the effects of intrinsically fast growth on precocial male maturation as parr (freshwater life stage). Despite facilitating growth to sizes typical of mature wild-type parr, transgenesis did not influence maturation in the first year of life. In the second year, the number of maturing transgenic parr was only half that of non-transgenic individuals. 3. By manipulating intrinsic growth and controlling for both environment and genetic background, this study provides direct empirical evidence suggesting that the physiological mechanisms promoting growth do not play a causative role in precocial male maturation in fishes. 4. In addition, this study provides the first empirical data on the relative incidence of precocial male maturation in GH transgenic and non-transgenic Atlantic salmon and, therefore, provides valuable information for the ecological risk assessment process.	[Moreau, Darek T. R.; Fleming, Ian A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada	Moreau, DTR (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.	dmoreau@mun.ca	Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012		USDA; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada	The authors would like to thank Corinne Conway and Danny Ings for assistance with data collection and Aqua Bounty Farms Inc. for providing transgenic gametes. The authors would also like to thank our reviewers for their valued input into earlier versions of this manuscript. All animals were treated in accordance with the guidelines provided by the Canadian Council on Animal Care and the approval of Memorial University's Institutional Animal Care Committee (AUP 07-03-IF). Support was kindly provided by a collaborative grant led by Dr E. M. Hallerman and funded by the USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research Grants Program. Further financial assistance was provided by a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant awarded to I.A.F.	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Ecol.	APR	2012	26	2					399	405		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01941.x				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	915GF	WOS:000302011400011					2019-02-21	
J	Niemela, PT; Vainikka, A; Hedrick, AV; Kortet, R				Niemela, Petri T.; Vainikka, Anssi; Hedrick, Ann V.; Kortet, Raine			Integrating behaviour with life history: boldness of the field cricket, Gryllus integer, during ontogeny	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						personality; encapsulation; boldness; life-history; immune defence; behavioural syndrome	ADAPTIVE PERSONALITY-DIFFERENCES; TRADE-OFFS; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL PERSONALITIES; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BATEMANS PRINCIPLE; INSECT IMMUNITY; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; PREDATION	1. According to a recent hypothesis, personality traits should form integrative pace-of-life syndromes with life-history traits. Potential life-history traits that explain personality variation are immune defence and growth rate. 2. We studied whether boldness, measured as hiding behaviour, is repeatable during ontogeny in the field cricket, Gryllus integer, and if it relates to the efficiency of immune function (i. e. the capacity to encapsulate a nylon implant), growth rate, developmental time and size as an adult. 3. Hiding behaviour was rank-order repeatable, and in general, juveniles were bolder than adults. Individuals that were cautious at early juvenile stages had higher encapsulation responses late in life compared with bold individuals. Most clearly, fast-growing individuals matured early and invested little in immune defence compared with their slower-growing conspecifics, i. e. showed patterns of a ` grow fast, die young' life-history strategy. 4. Our results may arise from a trade-off between immunity-dependent survival and bold behaviour. Trade-offs between investment in survival and behaviour could account for the maintenance of variation in personality traits by favouring certain combinations of behavioural and life-history strategies (i. e. pace-of-life-syndromes).	[Niemela, Petri T.; Vainikka, Anssi] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; [Niemela, Petri T.; Vainikka, Anssi; Kortet, Raine] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, FI-8101 Joensuu, Finland; [Hedrick, Ann V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav & Anim Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Niemela, PT (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.	petri.niemela@oulu.fi	Kortet, Raine/J-5027-2012	Kortet, Raine/0000-0003-3749-1096; Niemela, Petri/0000-0002-7518-4057; Vainikka, Anssi/0000-0002-0172-5615	Academy of Finland [127398]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0716332]	This research has been supported by the Academy of Finland (project 127398) and the National Science Foundation (IOS-0716332). We thank Nick DiRienzo, Arja Kaitala, Eija Hurme, Sami Kivela Jukka Forsman, Indrikis Krams and two anonymous referees for very helpful comments. We thank also Anne Leonard and Markus Rantala, who helped us to establish the laboratory population used in this study. We would also like to thank the University of Oulu Zoo and its very helpful staff (P. M, J.M and S. I) for assistance in our work.	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G, 2001, USING MULTIVARIATE S; Telang A, 2007, J EXP BIOL, V210, P854, DOI 10.1242/jeb.02715; Vainikka A, 2011, ACTA ETHOL, V14, P17, DOI 10.1007/s10211-010-0086-1; van Oers K, 2005, BEHAVIOUR, V142, P1185, DOI 10.1163/156853905774539364; Wilson ADM, 2010, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V64, P703, DOI 10.1007/s00265-009-0888-1; Wolf M, 2007, NATURE, V447, P581, DOI 10.1038/nature05835; Wolf M, 2010, PHILOS T R SOC B, V365, P3959, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0215; Zuk M, 2002, AM NAT, V160, pS9, DOI 10.1086/342131; Zuk M, 2006, BIOL LETT-UK, V2, P521, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0539	66	67	67	3	124	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0269-8463	1365-2435		FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	APR	2012	26	2					450	456		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01939.x				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	915GF	WOS:000302011400017					2019-02-21	
J	Tettamanti, F; Witvliet, W; Bize, P				Tettamanti, Federico; Witvliet, Willem; Bize, Pierre			Selection on age at first and at last reproduction in the long-lived Alpine Swift Apus melba	IBIS			English	Article						Apus melba; directional selection; life-history theory; lifetime reproductive success; stabilising selection	PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; POPULATIONS; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; PATERNITY; CHOICE; BIRD	The way an organism spreads its reproduction over time is defined as a life-history trait, and selection is expected to favour life-history traits associated with the highest fitness return. We use a long-term dataset of 277 life histories to investigate the shape and strength of selection acting on the age at first reproduction and at last reproduction in the long-lived Alpine Swift. Both traits were under strong directional selection, but in opposite directions, with selection favouring birds starting their reproductive career early and being able to reproduce for longer. There was also evidence for stabilising selection acting on both traits, suggesting that individuals should nonetheless refrain from reproducing in their first 2 years of life (i.e. when inexperienced), and that reproducing after 7 years of age had little effect on lifetime fitness, probably due to senescence.	[Tettamanti, Federico; Bize, Pierre] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland	Bize, P (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.	pierre.bize@unil.ch			Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A_124988]	We are grateful to Dominik Pfluger and the late Theo Marbot for their outstanding ringing work in the Alpine Swift colonies in Solothurn and Bienne, respectively, Anne Charmantier for her help with the statistical models, and Rauri Bowie, Andrew McColl and Oliver Kruger for comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_124988 to P.B.).	Arn H, 1960, BIOL STUDIEN ALPENSE; Barbraud C, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P682, DOI 10.1890/04-0075; Bize P, 2008, ECOLOGY, V89, P2584, DOI 10.1890/07-1135.1; Bize P, 2006, EVOLUTION, V60, P2370; Brommer JE, 2000, BIOL REV, V75, P377, DOI 10.1017/S000632310000551X; Brommer JE, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P505, DOI 10.1086/382547; BROWN D, 1988, REPROD SUCCESS, P439; Charmantier A, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P6587, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0511123103; Charmantier A, 2008, SCIENCE, V320, P800, DOI 10.1126/science.1157174; Clutton-Brock T, 1988, REPROD SUCCESS STUDI; Clutton-Brock T, 2010, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V25, P562, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2010.08.002; Daunt F, 2007, FUNCT ECOL, V21, P561, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01260.x; Dolan AC, 2007, BEHAV ECOL, V18, P985, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm068; Jones OR, 2008, ECOL LETT, V11, P664, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01187.x; Kingsolver JG, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P245, DOI 10.1086/319193; Kokko H, 2002, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V357, P319, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2001.0926; Kruger O, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P266, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00920.x; LANDE R, 1983, EVOLUTION, V37, P1210, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb00236.x; Martins TLF, 2002, J AVIAN BIOL, V33, P441, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.02686.x; McGraw JB, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P47, DOI 10.1086/285839; Newton I, 1989, LIFETIME REPROD BIRD; Nussey DH, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P831, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01300.x; Oli MK, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P563; R Development Core Team, 2010, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Stinchcombe JR, 2008, EVOLUTION, V62, P2435, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00449.x; WADE MJ, 1980, ANIM BEHAV, V28, P446, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80052-2	26	4	4	0	31	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0019-1019			IBIS	Ibis	APR	2012	154	2					338	344		10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01215.x				7	Ornithology	Zoology	905OW	WOS:000301283100010					2019-02-21	
J	Fietz, J; Weis-Dootz, T				Fietz, Joanna; Weis-Dootz, Tanja			Stranded on an island: consequences of forest fragmentation for body size variations in an arboreal mammal, the edible dormouse (Glis glis)	POPULATION ECOLOGY			English	Article						Body mass; Body size; Fragmentation; Island rule; Small mammal	HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MYOXUS-GLIS; EVOLUTION; RULE; REPRODUCTION; LANDSCAPE; SQUIRREL; SURVIVAL; LENGTH; MASS	The island rule states that small mammals isolated on islands have the evolutionary tendency to become larger, while large mammals tend to become smaller. However, the underlying mechanisms and life history consequences of these insular shifts in body size still remain speculative. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an arboreal mammal, the edible dormouse (Glis glis), showed shifts in body size when inhabiting isolated forest fragments. We analysed a data set of 541 individuals captured between 2005 and 2010 in four different forest fragments and one continuous forest, which served as a reference area. Sex, age, body mass, and size of all individuals were known. We used linear mixed-effect models to investigate whether individuals differed in their body size and mass between forest fragments and continuous forest. Our study revealed that edible dormice inhabiting forest fragments were significantly larger and heavier than individuals in the continuous forest, in accordance with patterns described by the island rule for small mammals. Because edible dormice frequently use nest boxes to rest during the day and to rear offspring, the life history strategies of this rodent can be easily investigated under evolutionary relevant conditions in the field. Thus the edible dormouse represents an excellent model organism for studying the mechanisms underlying shifts in body size as a response to habitat fragmentation and to investigate the consequences of these shifts on their life history strategies.	[Fietz, Joanna] Univ Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; [Fietz, Joanna; Weis-Dootz, Tanja] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany	Fietz, J (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Garbenstr 17, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.	Joanna.Fietz@uni-hohenheim.de			Margarete von Wrangell Programme; German Research Foundation (DFG) [FI 831/3-1, 831/3-2, FI 831/6-1]; German Wildlife Foundation; Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU)	T. Kager, S. Schauer, J. Schmid, M. Sailer, F. Langer and S. Schwarz helped in many ways with this field project. Financial support provided by the Margarete von Wrangell Programme, the German Research Foundation (DFG: FI 831/3-1; 831/3-2; FI 831/6-1), and the German Wildlife Foundation to JF, and Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) to T W-D made this study possible. K.H. Dausmann, S. Meiri, and an anonymous reviewer substantially improved the manuscript with their comments. Our experiments were conducted under licence from the Nature Conservancy and the Animal Experiment Department of the Regierungsprasidium Tubingen.	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Ecol.	APR	2012	54	2					313	320		10.1007/s10144-012-0310-0				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	918XH	WOS:000302284300008					2019-02-21	
J	Santangeli, A; Hakkarainen, H; Laaksonen, T; Korpimaki, E				Santangeli, Andrea; Hakkarainen, Harri; Laaksonen, Toni; Korpimaki, Erkki			Home range size is determined by habitat composition but feeding rate by food availability in male Tengmalm's owls	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						Aegolius funereus; haematocrit; parental care; provisioning rate; reproductive cost; telemetry; Tengmalm's owl	TITS PARUS-CAERULEUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AEGOLIUS-FUNEREUS; BREEDING PERFORMANCE; FORAGING PATTERNS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; BIRDS; AREA	Animal populations are often limited by food and rearing offspring is energetically demanding. Life history theory predicts that parents of altricial bird species will often reduce their current reproductive effort when given supplementary food. Previous food supplementation studies have mainly focused on effects on female parents, while the importance of paternal behaviour has largely been neglected. We addressed the effects of natural and experimentally increased food abundance on male ranging behaviour and provisioning rate, female and fledgling condition, and final reproductive success, in the Tengmalm's owl, Aegolius funereus, a species with obligatory biparental care. We found that males adjusted their parental effort by reducing provisioning rate at food-supplemented nests. Food supplementation induced an increase in body mass of females, and in body mass and haematocrit levels of fledglings. This suggests that the amount of extra food provided was enough for females to increase body condition sufficiently to start allocating extra resources to enhance the quality of current offspring. While the home range size of radiomarked males was not affected by food supplementation, it decreased with cover of spruce forest, which is a habitat that is denser in structure and richer in prey than pine forest and especially clear-cut areas. This suggests that habitat-specific prey abundance and/or cover may be strong determinants of home range size for males. Overall, the results provide novel insights into how habitat quality and food supply affect male hunting behaviour and biparental care, and how this in turn is reflected in fledgling condition. (C) 2012 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Santangeli, Andrea; Laaksonen, Toni] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Santangeli, Andrea; Hakkarainen, Harri; Korpimaki, Erkki] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland	Santangeli, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, POB 17, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.	andrea.santangeli@helsinki.fi	Laaksonen, Toni/B-4241-2014	Laaksonen, Toni/0000-0001-9035-7131; Santangeli, Andrea/0000-0003-0273-1977	Centre of International Mobility, Ministry of Education, Finland; Finnish School in Wildlife Biology, Conservation and Management (LUOVA)	We thank Mari Laine, Jorma Nurmi, Rauno Varjonen and Michael Griesser for help in conducting fieldwork and L. Laurila for GIS assistance. We also thank three referees for providing valuable comments. The study was supported by a grant of the Centre of International Mobility, Ministry of Education, Finland (to E.K. and A.S.). A.S. was also supported by the Finnish School in Wildlife Biology, Conservation and Management (LUOVA).	ANDERSEN DE, 1989, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V53, P802, DOI 10.2307/3809215; Bernard E, 2003, BIOTROPICA, V35, P262, DOI 10.1646/02156; Bruun M, 2003, BIOL CONSERV, V114, P179, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00021-1; Burnham K. P, 2002, MODEL SELECTION MULT; Byholm P, 2008, ECOLOGY, V89, P1696, DOI 10.1890/07-0675.1; Christensen P, 2003, J MAMMAL, V84, P1292, DOI 10.1644/BBa-014; Daan S, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P539, DOI 10.2307/5734; Dawson RD, 1997, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V61, P1297, DOI 10.2307/3802129; Dawson RD, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V52, P43, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0486-y; DRENT RH, 1980, ARDEA, V68, P225; Eldegard K, 2010, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V64, P815, DOI 10.1007/s00265-009-0898-z; Freckleton RP, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P542, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00618.x; FREYROOS F, 1995, BEHAV ECOL, V6, P287, DOI 10.1093/beheco/6.3.287; Glutz von Blotzheim U. 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E., 2002, RANGES 6 SOFTWARE; KERNOHAN BJ, 2001, RADIO TRACKING ANIMA, P126; Korpimaki E, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P991, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1972; KORPIMAKI E, 1991, OECOLOGIA, V85, P543, DOI 10.1007/BF00323767; KORPIMAKI E, 1988, ORNIS FENNICA, V65, P21; KORPIMAKI E, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P185, DOI 10.2307/4808; KORPIMAKI E, 1989, IBIS, V131, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1989.tb02743.x; Korpimaki E, 1981, ACTA U OUL A, V118, P1, DOI DOI 10.1897/IEAM_2009-053.1; Korpimaki Erkki, 2008, Scottish Birds, V28, P19; Laaksonen T, 2004, J ANIM ECOL, V73, P342, DOI 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00811.x; Laaksonen T, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P23, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00570.x; Laaksonen T, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, pS461, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0221; LACK D, 1947, IBIS, V89, P302, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1947.tb04155.x; LINDEN M, 1989, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V4, P367, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90101-8; Lopez-Bao JV, 2010, ANIM CONSERV, V13, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00300.x; MARTIN TE, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P453, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002321; Marzluff JM, 1997, CONDOR, V99, P567, DOI 10.2307/1370470; Mikkola H, 1983, OWLS EUROPE; Newton I, 1998, POPULATION LIMITATIO; O'Donnell CFJ, 2000, ANIM CONSERV, V3, P287, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2000.tb00114.x; REDPATH SM, 1995, J ANIM ECOL, V64, P652, DOI 10.2307/5807; REYNOLDS TD, 1990, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V54, P316, DOI 10.2307/3809049; Seaman DE, 1999, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V63, P739, DOI 10.2307/3802664; Seaman DE, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P2075, DOI 10.2307/2265701; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Sutherland WJ, 2004, BIRD ECOLOGY CONSERV; SWIHART RK, 1985, ECOLOGY, V66, P1176, DOI 10.2307/1939170; Tremblay I, 2005, IBIS, V147, P17, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00312.x; Turcotte Y, 2003, OIKOS, V100, P614, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12031.x; Wiehn J, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P2043, DOI 10.2307/2265943; Zanette L, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1654, DOI 10.2307/177314	57	26	26	0	82	ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	LONDON	24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND	0003-3472			ANIM BEHAV	Anim. Behav.	APR	2012	83	4					1115	1123		10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.02.002				9	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	914TN	WOS:000301975500035					2019-02-21	
J	Heard, GW; Scroggie, MP; Malone, BS				Heard, Geoffrey W.; Scroggie, Michael P.; Malone, Brian S.			The life history and decline of the threatened Australian frog, Litoria raniformis	AUSTRAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						collapse; decline; life history; Litoria raniformis; metapopulation	LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; SOUTHERN VICTORIA; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; EXTINCTION RISK; ANURA-HYLIDAE; GROWTH CURVE; TREE FROG; AMPHIBIANS; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS	A popular idea amongst ecologists last century was that animals which exploit dynamic environments often display fast life history strategies (high fecundity, rapid growth and maturation, and low or variable adult survival rates) relative to those which occupy more stable environments. Whilst the underlying theory has been discredited, the categorization remains of interest, because species with fast life history traits are thought to be more robust to human-induced environmental change than those with slow life history traits. We examined the life history traits of the endangered Australian frog Litoria raniformis, to determine whether it displays fast life history traits (like its sister species L. aurea and L. castanea), and to assess the role of these traits in the decline of this species. Mark-recapture data confirmed that L. raniformis displays rapid growth and maturation. The data also suggest that L. raniformis displays relatively low adult survival rates. We propose that the fast life history traits of this species are adaptive to metapopulation dynamics. In turn, we suggest that the rapid decline of L. raniformis may have resulted from metapopulation collapse, driven ultimately by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation, and proximately by severe stochastic perturbations.	[Heard, Geoffrey W.; Malone, Brian S.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Zool, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia; [Scroggie, Michael P.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia	Heard, GW (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.	heardg@unimelb.edu.au	Scroggie, Michael/B-7507-2011		David Myer Postgraduate Scholarship; LaTrobe University; Growling Grass Frog Trust Fund; Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment; Commonwealth Department of Environment, Heritage and the Arts	Arthur Buchan, Nick Clemann, Graeme Gillespie, Andrew Hamer, David Hunter and Peter Robertson provided valuable advice during the design of this study. We are grateful to Nick Clemann and Peter Robertson for loaning field equipment, to Michael McCarthy for assistance with the data analyses, and to Nick Clemann and David Duncan for constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. GH was supported by a David Myer Postgraduate Scholarship and Dean's Top-Up Award (LaTrobe University). The project was funded by grants from the Growling Grass Frog Trust Fund, the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, Commonwealth Department of Environment, Heritage and the Arts, and LaTrobe University. It was undertaken under research permit 10003005 issued by the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment. The study was approved by the LaTrobe University Animal Ethics Committee (approval number AEC04/24(L)/V4).	Alford R. 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J	Carnes, BA; Riesch, R; Schlupp, I				Carnes, Bruce A.; Riesch, Ruediger; Schlupp, Ingo			The Delayed Impact of Parental Age on Offspring Mortality in Mice	JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						Maternal age; Offspring quality; Reproductive senescence; Stochastic effects	MATERNAL-AGE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HUMAN LONGEVITY; LIFE-HISTORY; PATERNAL AGE; IN-UTERO; EVOLUTION; SENESCENCE; POPULATION; FITNESS	The certitude of death makes reproduction the foundation upon which all life-history strategies are based. Plasticity in the reproductive biology of organisms is an essential adaptive response to the capricious and hazardous environments of earth. In this article, we use data from a breeding colony for laboratory mice to examine the mortality risks of offspring born at the outer boundaries of their Dam's reproductive plasticity. Our results suggest that the mortality/survival characteristics of offspring are affected by both litter parity and offspring gender. Females born to young Dams have consistently longer life spans than females born to older Dams. Conversely, males are either not affected by parental age or have longer life spans when born to older Dams.	[Carnes, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Reynolds Dept Geriatr Med, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA; [Carnes, Bruce A.; Riesch, Ruediger; Schlupp, Ingo] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA; [Riesch, Ruediger] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Riesch, Ruediger] N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA	Carnes, BA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Reynolds Dept Geriatr Med, 921 NE 13th St,VAMC 11G, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA.	bruce-carnes@ouhsc.edu	Riesch, Rudiger/A-5787-2008; Schlupp, Ingo/C-3913-2012	Riesch, Rudiger/0000-0002-0223-1254; Schlupp, Ingo/0000-0002-2460-5667			Abel EL, 2002, AM J PERINAT, V19, P49, DOI 10.1055/s-2002-20173; Al-Lawati H, 2009, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V102, P881, DOI 10.1603/008.102.0514; Andersen AMN, 2000, BRIT MED J, V320, P1708, DOI 10.1136/bmj.320.7251.1708; Brunet-Rossinni AK, 2004, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V5, P211, DOI 10.1023/B:BGEN.0000038022.65024.d8; Buck S, 2000, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V55, pB292, DOI 10.1093/gerona/55.6.B292; Byars SG, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P1787, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0906199106; Carnes BA, 2003, RADIAT RES, V160, P159, DOI 10.1667/RR3029; Carnes BA, 2001, EXP GERONTOL, V36, P419, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00254-0; Carnes BA, 1998, RADIAT RES, V149, P487, DOI 10.2307/3579789; Carnes BA, 1997, EXP GERONTOL, V32, P615, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00056-9; Carnes BA, 1996, POPUL DEV REV, V22, P231, DOI 10.2307/2137434; Carnes BA, 2006, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V7, P183, DOI 10.1007/s10522-006-9020-3; Carnes BA, 2011, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/s10522-011-9338-3; Carnes BA, 2008, MECH AGEING DEV, V129, P693, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2008.09.016; Casellas J, 2011, ANIMAL, V5, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1751731110001667; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Couzin J, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P2167, DOI 10.1126/science.296.5576.2167; Durkin MS, 2008, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V168, P1268, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwn250; EDNEY EB, 1968, NATURE, V220, P281, DOI 10.1038/220281a0; Elandt-Johnson R. 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Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.	APR	2012	67	4					351	357		10.1093/gerona/glr116				7	Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology	Geriatrics & Gerontology	914TE	WOS:000301974500005	21835807	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Dunkel, CS				Dunkel, Curtis S.			Do self-report measures of life history strategy exhibit the hypothesized differences between blacks and whites predicted by Differential K theory?	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Differential K; Life history theory	ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES; ENGINEERING STUDENTS; CANADIAN UNIVERSITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; VALIDITY	Rushton's Differential K theory posits that a large number of differences between racial groups can be explained by the groups' different life history strategies. Recently self-report measures of life history strategy have been developed. Data aggregated from a number of studies were used to examine the hypothesized difference in life history strategy between Blacks and Whites on these self-report measures. The results were mixed and effect sizes were small. Analyses with one measure supported the hypothesized difference between Blacks and Whites while analyses using a second measure found a difference between Blacks and Whites that was the opposite of that predicted by Differential K theory. In both cases less than two percent of the variance on the measures was explained by ethnicity. The results are discussed in relation to Differential K theory and the measurement of life history strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61529 USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Wagonner Hall, Macomb, IL 61529 USA.	c-dunkel@wiu.edu					BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; Dunkel CS, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P681, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.014; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; Giosan C, 2009, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V7, P28; Rushton JP, 2005, PSYCHOL PUBLIC POL L, V11, P235, DOI 10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235; Rushton JP, 2004, INT J SELECT ASSESS, V12, P220, DOI 10.1111/j.0965-075X.2004.00276.x; Rushton JP, 2003, INTELLIGENCE, V31, P123, DOI 10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00140-X; RUSHTON JP, 1992, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V13, P439, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90072-W; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; Sefcek J. A., 2010, BIODEMOGRAPHY SOCIAL, V56, P41	11	2	2	0	2	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	APR	2012	52	6					759	761		10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.035				3	Psychology, Social	Psychology	910FZ	WOS:000301623900020					2019-02-21	
J	Krams, I; Vrublevska, J; Cirule, D; Kivleniece, I; Krama, T; Rantala, MJ; Sild, E; Horak, P				Krams, Indrikis; Vrublevska, Jolanta; Cirule, Dina; Kivleniece, Inese; Krama, Tatjana; Rantala, Markus J.; Sild, Elin; Horak, Peeter			Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios predict the magnitude of humoral immune response to a novel antigen in great tits (Parus major)	COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY			English	Article						Antibody response; Brucella abortus; Body mass loss; H/L ratio; Immune challenge; Immunosuppression; Parus major; Stress	STRESS-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; GREENFINCHES CARDUELIS-CHLORIS; SPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; TRADE-OFFS; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; BODY-MASS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CHICKENS	Animals display remarkable individual variation in their capacity to mount immune responses against novel antigens. According to the life-history theory, this variation is caused by the costs of immune responses to the hosts. We studied one of such potential costs, depletion of somatic resources in wintering wild-caught captive passerines, the great tits (Parus major) by immune challenging the birds with a novel antigen, killed Brucella abortus (BA) suspension. We found that despite mild temperature conditions in captivity and ad libitum availability of food, immune challenge depleted somatic resources (as indicated by a body mass loss) and elevated relative proportion of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) in the peripheral blood of birds. However, body mass loss did not covary with an increase in H/L ratios between two sampling events, which indicates that these two markers of health state describe different aspects of individual physiological condition. Antibody titres were not associated with the extent of body mass loss during the development of immune response, which shows that the somatic cost of immune response was not proportional to the amount of antibody produced. Birds with high pre-immunisation H/L ratios mounted weaker antibody response, which is indicative of stress-induced suppression of humoral immune response and is consistent with the concept of an antagonistic cross-regulation between different components of the immune system. The latter finding suggests a novel diagnostic value of H/L ratios, which reinforces the utility of this simple haematological index for prediction of the outcomes of complicated immune processes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Krams, Indrikis; Sild, Elin; Horak, Peeter] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia; [Krams, Indrikis; Vrublevska, Jolanta; Cirule, Dina; Kivleniece, Inese; Krama, Tatjana] Univ Daugavpils, Inst Systemat Biol, LV-5401 Daugavpils, Latvia; [Krams, Indrikis; Rantala, Markus J.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, FIN-20024 Turku, Finland; [Cirule, Dina] Inst Food Safety Anim Hlth & Environm BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia	Horak, P (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Ulikooli 18, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia.	horak@ut.ee	Horak, Peeter/A-2351-2009	Horak, Peeter/0000-0002-1442-9903	Estonian Science Foundation [7737]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Science [0180004s09]; European Union through (Centre of Excellence FIBIR); Academy of Finland; Latvian Council of Science [09.1186]; Daugavpils University [2009/0140/1DP/1.1.2.1.2/09/IPIA/VIAA/015]	P. Horak and E. Sild were financed by Estonian Science Foundation (grant # 7737 to PH), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (target-financing project # 0180004s09) and by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence FIBIR). M. J. Rantala and I. Krams were supported by the Academy of Finland, Latvian Council of Science (grant 09.1186) financed T. Krama, and the European Social Fund within the project 'Support for the implementation of doctoral studies at Daugavpils University' Nr.2009/0140/1DP/1.1.2.1.2/09/IPIA/VIAA/015 supported Jolanta Vrublevska. We thank Mihails Pupins, Sanita Kecko and Valerijs Vahrusevs for their help in the field and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the ms.	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J	Varpe, O				Varpe, Oystein			Fitness and phenology: annual routines and zooplankton adaptations to seasonal cycles	JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH			English	Article						Calanus; dynamic state-variable models; evolutionary ecology; match-mismatch; optimality modelling; reproductive value; seasonality	DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; SOUTHEASTERN HUDSON-BAY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEMS; MARINE COPEPOD; CLIMATE-CHANGE	Behaviour and life-history strategies of zooplankton have evolved in response to seasonal cycles in food availability, predation risk and abiotic conditions. A key challenge is to understand how different activities over the year are linked. For instance, how does a change in spring activities, such as the timing or amount of egg production, influence autumn activities, for instance energy storage or migration? Trade-offs viewed in relation to individual lifetime fitness consequences couple these events. The framework of optimal annual routines provides theory and methodology for consistent analyses of these temporal trade-offs. Here I describe the key parts of optimal annual routine models and how the models can be used to: (i) study phenology, life-history strategies, and population dynamics; (ii) predict responses to environmental change; and (iii) guide future zooplankton studies. I mainly discuss the adaptations of zooplankton species inhabiting high latitude oceans where the seasonal cycle and its effects are particularly strong. Empirical challenges include issues of seasonal resolution, state-dependent processes and individual variability. Two ecological problems with avenues for future work are discussed in particular detail: the role of sea ice and ice algae in the life cycle of copepods and krill, and the adaptive value and ecological consequences of semelparous versus iteroparous reproductive strategies.	Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway	Varpe, O (reprint author), Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.	oystein.varpe@gmail.com	Varpe, Oystein/B-9693-2008	Varpe, Oystein/0000-0002-5895-6983	Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at the Norwegian Polar Institute	This work was supported by the Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at the Norwegian Polar Institute.	ALLAN JD, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P165, DOI 10.1086/283056; Alonzo SH, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P1598, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1598:EGISAT]2.0.CO;2; Alonzo SH, 2001, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V209, P203, DOI 10.3354/meps209203; Andrews K. J. H., 1966, Discovery Reports, V34, P117; Arrigo K. 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Plankton Res.	APR	2012	34	4					267	276		10.1093/plankt/fbr108				10	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	906QD	WOS:000301360800001		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	McDonald, MM; Donnellan, MB; Navarrete, CD				McDonald, Melissa M.; Donnellan, M. Brent; Navarrete, Carlos David			A life history approach to understanding the Dark Triad	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Life history theory; Personality; Evolutionary psychology; Dark Triad; Psychopathy; Narcissism; Machiavellianism	NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; IMPULSIVE ANTISOCIALITY; FEARLESS DOMINANCE; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; PSYCHOPATHY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; STRATEGY; SOCIOPATHY; MODEL	Researchers adopting an evolutionary perspective have conceptualized the Dark Triad as an exploitative interpersonal style reflective of a fast life history strategy. However, not all research has supported this claim. We posit that different elements of the constructs associated with the Dark Triad may reflect different life history strategies. Our results indicate that the measures of the Dark Triad and other indicators of life history strategies form two distinct factors: (1)a fast life strategy factor that includes the impulsive antisociality facet of psychopathy, the entitlement/exploitativeness facet of narcissism, Machiavellianism, unrestricted sociosexuality, and aggression, and (2) a slow life strategy factor that includes the fearless dominance facet of psychopathy and both the leadership/authority and grandiose exhibitionism facets of narcissism. These factors differentially correlate with established measures of life history strategy. These findings add to the literature by clarifying how the Dark Triad fits into a life history framework. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[McDonald, Melissa M.; Donnellan, M. Brent; Navarrete, Carlos David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA	McDonald, MM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.	mcdon348@msu.edu; donnel59@msu.edu; cdn@msu.edu	Navarrete, C. David/B-8290-2016	Navarrete, C. David/0000-0002-9642-5753			Ackerman RA, 2011, ASSESSMENT, V18, P67, DOI 10.1177/1073191110382845; Benning SD, 2003, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V15, P340, DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.340; Blonigen DM, 2010, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V22, P96, DOI 10.1037/a0017240; BUSS AH, 1992, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V63, P452, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452; Christie R, 1970, STUDIES MACHIAVELLIA; Cleckley H., 1941, MASK SANITY; Cooke DJ, 2001, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V13, P171, DOI 10.1037//1040-3590.13.2.171; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; EMMONS RA, 1984, J PERS ASSESS, V48, P291, DOI 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_11; Figueredo A.J., 2007, ARIZONA LIFE H UNPUB; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; Gladden PR, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P270, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.010; HARPENDING HC, 1987, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V8, pS63; Harpur T. J., 1989, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT J, V1, P6, DOI DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.6; Hill P., 2011, SOCIAL PSYC IN PRESS; HUNTER JE, 1982, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V43, P1293, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.43.6.1293; Johnson J. A., DEV SHORT FORM UNPUB; Jonason PK, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P428, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4; Jonason PK, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V49, P611, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031; Jonason PK, 2010, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V22, P420, DOI 10.1037/a0019265; Jonason PK, 2009, EUR J PERSONALITY, V23, P5, DOI 10.1002/per.698; Kaplan H. S., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P68; Lee K, 2004, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V39, P329, DOI 10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_8; McHoskey JW, 1998, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V74, P192, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.192; MEALEY L, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V18, P523, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00039595; Paulhus DL, 2002, J RES PERS, V36, P556, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6; Penke L, 2008, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V95, P1113, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113; RASKIN R, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P890, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.890; RHODEWALT F, 2009, HDB INDIVIDUAL DIFFE, P547; Smith ST, 2011, J PERS ASSESS, V93, P244, DOI 10.1080/00223891.2011.558876; Witt EA, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P219, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.04.002; Witt EA, 2009, J RES PERS, V43, P1006, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.06.010; Witt EA, 2009, J PERS ASSESS, V91, P265, DOI 10.1080/00223890902794317	34	47	50	1	51	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	APR	2012	52	5					601	605		10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.003				5	Psychology, Social	Psychology	905XZ	WOS:000301310800008					2019-02-21	
J	Figueredo, AJ; Gladden, PR; Black, CJ				Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Gladden, Paul Robert; Black, Candace Jasmine			Parasite stress, ethnocentrism, and life history strategy	BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES			English	Editorial Material								Fincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a compelling argument that parasite stress underlies certain cultural practices promoting assortative sociality. However, we suggest that the theoretical framework proposed is limited in several ways, and that life history theory provides a more explanatory and inclusive framework, making more specific predictions about the trade-offs faced by organisms in the allocation of bioenergetic and material resources.	[Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Black, Candace Jasmine] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Black, Candace Jasmine] Univ Arizona, Coll Sci, Sch Mind Brain & Behav, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Gladden, Paul Robert] Macon State Coll, Dept Psychol & Sociol, Macon, GA 31206 USA	Figueredo, AJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	ajf@u.arizona.edu; paul.gladden@maconstate.edu; cjblack@email.arizona.edu					Allport G. W, 1954, NATURE PREJUDICE; ANDRZEJCZAK DJ, 2007, ANN M HUM BEH EV SOC; Brewer Marilynn B., 1976, ETHNOCENTRISM INTERG; Brewer MB, 1999, J SOC ISSUES, V55, P429, DOI 10.1111/0022-4537.00126; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Eppig C, 2010, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V277, P3801, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0973; Figueredo A.J., 2011, APPL EVOLUTIONARY PS, P201; Figueredo A. J., 2011, J SOCIAL EVOLUTIONAR, V5, P14, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099277; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P317, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9068-2; Gladden P., 2009, J EVOLUTIONARY PSYCH, V7, P167, DOI DOI 10.1556/JEP.7.2009.2.5; GLADDEN PR, 2010, ANN M HUM BEH EV SOC; Gottfredson M. R., 1990, GEN THEORY CRIME; JONES DJ, ETHNOCENTRISM UNPUB; MACDONALD KM, 2007, ANN M HUM BEH EV SOC; Sumner W.G., 1906, FOLKWAYS; THORNHILL R, 2010, ANN M HUM BEH EV SOC	17	3	4	1	9	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0140-525X	1469-1825		BEHAV BRAIN SCI	Behav. Brain Sci.	APR	2012	35	2					87	88		10.1017/S0140525X11000999				2	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	901TT	WOS:000300990500010	22289411				2019-02-21	
J	Webber, MM; Glaudas, X; Rodriguez-Robles, JA				Webber, Michael M.; Glaudas, Xavier; Rodriguez-Robles, Javier A.			Do Sidewinder Rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes, Viperidae) Cease Feeding During the Breeding Season?	COPEIA			English	Article							THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS-PARIETALIS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SNAKES COLUBRIDAE; MATING SEASON; FORAGING MODE; NORTH-AMERICA; GRAVID SNAKES; GARTER SNAKE; COST; MOVEMENT	Seasonal aphagia (a lack of feeding) can occur if foraging and reproduction occasionally result in conflicting demands on an individual, such that one activity takes precedence over the other. We tested the hypothesis that female and male Crotalus cerastes (Sidewinders) exhibit seasonal aphagia during the reproductive season. We examined the stomach contents of preserved specimens to assess variation in the feeding rates of C. cerastes. Non-reproductive females fed during the early and late stages of the active season, but reproductive females only ate during the first half of the active season. Female Sidewinders fed throughout the early vitellogenic phases of the reproductive cycle, but exhibited a tendency to reduce or cease feeding during the later stages of the cycle (gestation). Prey consumption during early reproductive stages can provide valuable energetic resources for sustaining a female's subsequent breeding activities. However, the physical burden of offspring mass and the concomitant decrease in locomotor efficiency can reduce a female's foraging efficiency in the later phases of the reproductive cycle. Male C. cerastes displayed a trend to feed more frequently during the reproductive season, perhaps because enhancing their energy reserves allows males to travel longer distances and maximize encounter rates with females. The discovery of this intersexual variation in feeding patterns of C. cerastes underscores the importance of descriptive ecological studies to elucidate distinct patterns of life history evolution.	[Webber, Michael M.; Glaudas, Xavier; Rodriguez-Robles, Javier A.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA	Webber, MM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.	webberm4@unlv.nevada.edu; glaudasx@unlv.nevada.edu; javier.rodriguez@unlv.edu	Rodriguez-Robles, Javier/A-6806-2009	Rodriguez-Robles, Javier/0000-0003-4501-9875; Glaudas, Xavier/0000-0002-1333-7791	Graduate and Professional Student Association of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas; National Science Foundation [DBI-0001975, DEB-0327415]	We thank J. Vindum and R. Drewes (CAS), J. Seigel (LACM), and C. Spencer and J. McGuire (MVZ) for allowing us to examine specimens, M. Irick and G. Webber, Jr. for assisting with data collection, and R. Bryson, Jr. for valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was partially funded by grants from the Graduate and Professional Student Association of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to MMW, and by grants from the National Science Foundation (DBI-0001975, DEB-0327415) to JAR-R.	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J	Dirks, W; Bromage, TG; Agenbroad, LD				Dirks, Wendy; Bromage, Timothy G.; Agenbroad, Larry D.			The duration and rate of molar plate formation in Palaeoloxodon cypriotes and Mammuthus columbi from dental histology	QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	5th International Conference on Mammoths and their Relatives	AUG 30-SEP 04, 2010	Le Puy-en-Velay, FRANCE				LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ENAMEL STRUCTURE; BODY-SIZE; EVOLUTION; PROBOSCIDEANS; PERIODICITY; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; GROWTH; AGE	Fossil elephantids are often assigned chronological ages based on tooth eruption and wear in extant elephants. Differences in body mass are likely to be accompanied by shifts in life history strategies, however, and hypotheses about these shifts cannot be tested using relative age. A better understanding of interspecific differences in the duration of tooth formation would help test hypotheses about life history variation. In this study, periodic incremental features visible in the enamel of histological thin sections of molar plates were used to estimate the rate and duration of plate formation in an insular dwarf, Palaeoloxodon cypriotes. which is smaller than extant elephants, and Mammuthus columbi, which is larger. Polarized light microscopy and image analysis software were used to determine the daily secretion rate of enamel and plate extension rate, the rate at which the plate increases in height each day, utilizing the daily incremental features, the cross striations, and accentuated lines representing the forming front of enamel at a particular time during plate formation. Estimates were made of total plate formation time from crown height and extension rate. Histological sections were prepared from molar fragments from each species. Five sections were prepared in the same plane from the large M. columbi plate. The daily secretion rate, 2-5 mu m, is similar in both elephants, but the extension rate is higher in the larger M. columbi. The initial extension rate is estimated to be 62.5 mu m per day, but drops to around 32.3 toward cervical portion of the plate. In P cypriotes, the initial extension rate is estimated to be 34.4 mu m per day, dropping to 12 mu m per day and then rising to 23.3 mu m per day in the cervical region. Estimated plate formation time is around 10.6 years for 180.9 mm of height in M. columbi and 5.9 years for 51.1 mm of height in P. cypriotes. M. columbi thus forms a taller plate by increasing both extension rate and the duration of formation. These differences could be allometric, with higher crowned teeth forming more rapidly than low crowned teeth, or they could be related to differences in life history strategies between taxa. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.	[Dirks, Wendy] Newcastle Univ, Ctr Oral Hlth Res, Sch Dent Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4B, Tyne & Wear, England; [Bromage, Timothy G.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA; [Bromage, Timothy G.] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Basic Sci & Craniofacial Biol, New York, NY 10010 USA; [Agenbroad, Larry D.] S Dakota, Hot Springs, SD 57757 USA	Dirks, W (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Ctr Oral Hlth Res, Sch Dent Sci, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4B, Tyne & Wear, England.	Wendy.Dirks@ncl.ac.uk; tim.bromage@nyu.edu; larry4mammoth@mammothsite.com		bromage, timothy/0000-0002-9843-7993	Eugene Lang Faculty-Student Research Fellowship; Hunter College of the City University of New York; Faculty Enrichment Endowment, Oxford College of Emory University; Department of Antiquities of the Turkish Republic of Cyprus	We thank Frederic Lacombat for organizing the Vth International Conference on Mammoths and their Relatives and inviting this contribution. Our work was funded by the Eugene Lang Faculty-Student Research Fellowship, Hunter College of the City University of New York and the Faculty Enrichment Endowment, Oxford College of Emory University. We thank the Department of Antiquities of the Turkish Republic of Cyprus for their support. Pam Walton and Olga Potapova provided technical assistance. We thank Adrian Lister, Victoria Herridge, and Don Reid for useful discussion and Reiko Matsuda-Goodwin for Japanese translation. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Special thanks go to the late Dr Ian Carmichael.	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Int.	MAR 26	2012	255						79	85		10.1016/j.quaint.2011.11.002				7	Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	Physical Geography; Geology	911YW	WOS:000301761600009					2019-02-21	
J	Chantranupong, L; Heineman, RH				Chantranupong, Lynne; Heineman, Richard H.			A common, non-optimal phenotypic endpoint in experimental adaptations of bacteriophage lysis time	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Experimental evolution; Phi X174; Optimality; Life history evolution; Genetic constraint; Bacteriophage; Lysis; Molecular evolution; Virulence; Phenotype prediction	CIS-TRANS-ISOMERASES; HOST-CELL LYSIS; PHI-X174 LYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY; GENE-E; NATURAL-SELECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-E; EVOLUTION; OPTIMALITY	Background: Optimality models of evolution, which ignore genetic details and focus on natural selection, are widely used but sometimes criticized as oversimplifications. Their utility for quantitatively predicting phenotypic evolution can be tested experimentally. One such model predicts optimal bacteriophage lysis interval, how long a virus should produce progeny before lysing its host bacterium to release them. The genetic basis of this life history trait is well studied in many easily propagated phages, making it possible to test the model across a variety of environments and taxa. Results: We adapted two related small single-stranded DNA phages, Phi X174 and ST-1, to various conditions. The model predicted the evolution of the lysis interval in response to host density and other environmental factors. In all cases the initial phages lysed later than predicted. The FX174 lysis interval did not evolve detectably when the phage was adapted to normal hosts, indicating complete failure of optimality predictions. Phi X174 grown on slyD defective hosts which initially entirely prevented lysis readily recovered to a lysis interval similar to that attained on normal hosts. Finally, the lysis interval still evolved to the same endpoint when the environment was altered to delay optimal lysis interval. ST-1 lysis interval evolved to be similar to 2 min shorter, qualitatively in accord with predictions. However, there were no changes in the single known lysis gene. Part of ST-1's total lysis time evolution consisted of an earlier start to progeny production, an unpredicted phenotypic response outside the boundaries of the optimality model. Conclusions: The consistent failure of the optimality model suggests that constraint and genetic details affect quantitative and even qualitative success of optimality predictions. Several features of ST-1 adaptation show that lysis time is best understood as an output of multiple traits, rather than in isolation.	[Heineman, Richard H.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Mol Virol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Chantranupong, Lynne] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; [Chantranupong, Lynne] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Heineman, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA	Heineman, RH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Mol Virol, 18-242 Moos Tower,515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.	rheinema@umn.edu			NIH [57756]; HHMI [52005907]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [T32DE007288]	We thank J.J. Bull for vital assistance and H. A. Wichman for Phi X174 background. I.N. Wang provided us with early drafts of a relevant paper. T.E. Keller provided coding assistance. W.R. Harcombe, R. Springman, and M.L. Wayne gave edits across multiple drafts. I. Molineux provided us with ST-1 bacteriophage. The National BioResource Project (NIG, Japan): E. coli provided the Keio collection lines used for ST-1 adaptation. This work was funded by NIH Grant Number 57756 to J.J. Bull, HHMI Award # 52005907 (Undergraduate Science Education) to the Freshman Research Initiative, and Grant Number T32DE007288 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, the National Institutes of Health, or the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.	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Biol.	MAR 19	2012	12								37	10.1186/1471-2148-12-37				11	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	924UD	WOS:000302715900001	22429718	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	El-Sabaawi, RW; Kohler, TJ; Zandona, E; Travis, J; Marshall, MC; Thomas, SA; Reznick, DN; Walsh, M; Gilliam, JF; Pringle, C; Flecker, AS				El-Sabaawi, Rana W.; Kohler, Tyler J.; Zandona, Eugenia; Travis, Joseph; Marshall, Michael C.; Thomas, Steven A.; Reznick, David N.; Walsh, Matthew; Gilliam, James F.; Pringle, Catherine; Flecker, Alexander S.			Environmental and Organismal Predictors of Intraspecific Variation in the Stoichiometry of a Neotropical Freshwater Fish	PLOS ONE			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS-CONTENT; TROPICAL STREAM; RIVULUS-HARTII; NITROGEN; GROWTH; CARBON; PREDATORS; COMMUNITY	The elemental composition of animals, or their organismal stoichiometry, is thought to constrain their contribution to nutrient recycling, their interactions with other animals, and their demographic rates. Factors that affect organismal stoichiometry are generally poorly understood, but likely reflect elemental investments in morphological features and life history traits, acting in concert with the environmental availability of elements. We assessed the relative contribution of organismal traits and environmental variability to the stoichiometry of an insectivorous Neotropical stream fish, Rivulus hartii. We characterized the influence of body size, life history phenotype, stage of maturity, and environmental variability on organismal stoichiometry in 6 streams that differ in a broad suite of environmental variables. The elemental composition of R. hartii was variable, and overlapped with the wide range of elemental composition documented across freshwater fish taxa. Average %P composition was similar to 3.2%(+/- 0.6), average %N similar to 10.7%(+/- 0.9), and average % C similar to 41.7%(+/- 3.1). Streams were the strongest predictor of organismal stoichiometry, and explained up to 18% of the overall variance. This effect appeared to be largely explained by variability in quality of basal resources such as epilithon N:P and benthic organic matter C:N, along with variability in invertebrate standing stocks, an important food source for R. hartii. Organismal traits were weak predictors of organismal stoichiometry in this species, explaining when combined up to 7% of the overall variance in stoichiometry. Body size was significantly and positively correlated with % P, and negatively with N:P, and C:P, and life history phenotype was significantly correlated with % C, % P, C: P and C:N. Our study suggests that spatial variability in elemental availability is more strongly correlated with organismal stoichiometry than organismal traits, and suggests that the stoichiometry of carnivores may not be completely buffered from environmental variability. We discuss the relevance of these findings to ecological stoichiometry theory.	[El-Sabaawi, Rana W.; Flecker, Alexander S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA; [Kohler, Tyler J.; Thomas, Steven A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA; [Zandona, Eugenia] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Travis, Joseph; Pringle, Catherine] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Marshall, Michael C.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Reznick, David N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Walsh, Matthew] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA; [Gilliam, James F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA	El-Sabaawi, RW (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.	rana@uvic.ca	Zandona, Eugenia/B-3449-2013; Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; Gilliam, James/D-5605-2013; Kohler, Tyler/I-5472-2016	Zandona, Eugenia/0000-0003-4754-5326; Kohler, Tyler/0000-0001-5137-4844; reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0623632]	This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Frontiers in Integrative Biological Research Grant to DNR (NSF-FIBR, DEB-0623632). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Lively, CM				Lively, Curtis M.			Feedbacks between ecology and evolution: interactions between Delta N and Delta p in a life-history model	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						eco-evolutionary feedback; fundamental theorem of natural selection; population ecology; theoretical ecology; theoretical population genetics	FISHERS FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM; NATURAL-SELECTION; DYNAMICS; POPULATION; ENVIRONMENT	Questions: In a growing population, is there generation-by-generation feedback between population density, the strength of natural selection, and the rate of evolutionary change? What are the overall effects of natural selection and increasing population size on the total change in mean fitness? Mathematical Methods: Numerical iterations of equations for Delta p and Delta N, coupled with Frank and Slatkin's method for dissecting Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. Assumptions: Large density-regulated populations where genetic drift is minimal. Populations begin at the carrying capacity for homozygotes for one allele, but can increase to a higher carrying capacity as a beneficial life-history allele spreads. Results: (1) Carrying capacity (K) increases as a beneficial allele spreads to fixation. (2) The increase in density increases the strength of selection as well as the additive genetic variance for fitness, leading to a more rapid spread of the favoured allele, which further increases the rate of population growth. (3) The negative change in mean fitness due to increasing population size is a time-lagged mirror image of the positive change in mean fitness due to natural selection. Conclusion: During life-history evolution, generation-by-generation feedback can exist between population density (ecology) and allele-frequency change (evolution).	Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA	Lively, CM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.	clively@indiana.edu	Lively, Curtis/A-8057-2011		National Science Foundation [DEB-0640639]	This study was conducted as part of a three-month fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study in Berlin, Germany, for which I am very grateful. I thank Devin Drown, Amy Dapper, Jukka Joke la, Maurine Neiman, Mike Lynch, Mike Boots, Mike Wade, Peter Abrams, Bob Holt, Lynda Delph, and Steve Frank for helpful comments. This study was supported by DEB-0640639 from the National Science Foundation.	Bailey JK, 2009, NEW PHYTOL, V184, P746, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03081.x; Case T. J., 2000, ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TH; CHARLESWORTH B, 1971, ECOLOGY, V52, P469, DOI 10.2307/1937629; CONNELL JH, 1961, ECOLOGY, V42, P710, DOI 10.2307/1933500; Falconer D. S., 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; Fisher R. A., 1958, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; FRANK SA, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P92, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90248-A; Frank SA, 2012, ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, P41; Gandon S, 2009, EVOLUTION, V63, P826, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00609.x; Hartl D. L., 1989, PRINCIPLES POPULATIO; Lande R, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1511, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0017; LEON JA, 1978, ECOLOGY, V59, P457, DOI 10.2307/1936575; Lewontin R, 2000, TRIPLE HELIX GENE OR; MACARTHUR RH, 1962, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V48, P1893, DOI 10.1073/pnas.48.11.1893; MAY RM, 1976, NATURE, V261, P459, DOI 10.1038/261459a0; MICHOD RE, 1981, BRIT J PHILOS SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1093/bjps/32.1.1; Michod RE., 2000, DARWINIAN DYNAMICS E; Orr HA, 2010, PHILOS T R SOC B, V365, P1195, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0282; Otto S., 2007, BIOL GUIDE MATH MODE; Pearl R, 1920, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V6, P275, DOI 10.1073/pnas.6.6.275; PIELOU E C, 1969, P286; Post DM, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1629, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0012; PRICE GR, 1972, ANN HUM GENET, V36, P129, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00764.x; Provine WB, 1971, ORIGINS THEORETICAL; ROUGHGARDEN J, 1971, ECOLOGY, V52, P453, DOI 10.2307/1937628; Schoener TW, 2011, SCIENCE, V331, P426, DOI 10.1126/science.1193954; Turcotte M.M., AM NAT IN PRESS; Uecker H, 2011, GENETICS, V188, P915, DOI 10.1534/genetics.110.124297; Verhulst P. F., 1838, CORRES MATH PHYSIQUE, V10, P113	29	1	1	0	8	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613	1937-3791		EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	MAR	2012	14	3					299	309						11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	043YX	WOS:000311587700004					2019-02-21	
J	DeLong, JP				DeLong, John P.			Experimental demonstration of a 'rate-size' trade-off governing body size optimization	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						Actinosphaerium; body size evolution; life-history evolution; Paramecium bursaria; supply-demand model; temperature-size rule	LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPERATURE; ECTOTHERMS; RULE; ALLOCATION; GROWTH; MODELS; PUZZLE	Questions: Can the decline in ectotherm body size with increasing temperature be explained using a simple body size optimization model? Does the pattern conform to the rate size trade-off wherein organisms trade asymptotic size for mass-specific resource demand in order to maintain maximal resource uptake rates? Organism: The predatory protist, Actinosphaerium sp., feeding on Paramecium bursaria. Methods: I measured biovolume production rate (an index of mass-specific resource demand) and cell size across three environmental temperatures. I controlled prey supply by mixing and standardizing culture media across treatments and replicates. Results: Biovolume production rates increased and cell size decreased with increasing temperature. The slope between these two variables on logarithimic axes (-0.91) was almost exactly as predicted by the optimization model (-0.94), lending quantitative support for the existence of a rate-size trade-off that governs the plasticity of size in this species and leads to the temperature-size rule.	[DeLong, John P.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA	DeLong, JP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.	jpdelong@unl.edu			Yale University	I thank Frank LaSorte for statistical advice and David Vasseur for his support and input. David Atkinson, Frank LaSorte, Stephen Stearns, and Wenyun Zuo provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The author was supported by a Yale University Brown Fellowship.	Angilletta MJ, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P332; Arendt JD, 2011, EVOLUTION, V65, P43, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01112.x; ATKINSON D, 1994, ADV ECOL RES, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3; ATKINSON D, 1995, J THERM BIOL, V20, P61, DOI 10.1016/0306-4565(94)00028-H; Atkinson D, 2006, EVOL DEV, V8, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00090.x; Atkinson D, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P2605, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2538; BERRIGAN D, 1994, OIKOS, V70, P474, DOI 10.2307/3545787; Blackburn Tim M., 1999, Diversity and Distributions, V5, P165, DOI 10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00046.x; Bonner J. T., 2006, WHY SIZE MATTERS BAC; Brose U, 2010, FUNCT ECOL, V24, P28, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01618.x; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Calder W. A., 1996, SIZE FUNCTION LIFE H; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; DeLong JP, 2012, J ANIM ECOL, V81, P1193, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02013.x; DeLong JP, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P12941, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1007783107; Forster J., P NATL ACAD SCI US; Forster J, 2013, ISME J, V7, P28, DOI 10.1038/ismej.2012.76; Gillooly JF, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P2248, DOI 10.1126/science.1061967; Hou C, 2008, SCIENCE, V322, P736, DOI 10.1126/science.1162302; Jablonski D, 1997, NATURE, V385, P250, DOI 10.1038/385250a0; Jiang L, 2005, AM NAT, V165, P350, DOI 10.1086/428300; Kingsolver JG, 2008, EVOL ECOL RES, V10, P251; Kozlowski J, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P480, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.480; Kuzawa CW, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P16800, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1006008107; PERRIN N, 1995, OIKOS, V73, P137, DOI 10.2307/3545737; Peters R.H., 1983, P1; ROFF DA, 1986, BIOSCIENCE, V36, P316, DOI 10.2307/1310236; SIBLY RM, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P486, DOI 10.2307/2390073; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; von Bertalanffy L, 1960, FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS, P137; Zuo WY, 2012, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V279, P1840, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2011.2000	31	29	29	1	24	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613	1937-3791		EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	MAR	2012	14	3					343	352						10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	043YX	WOS:000311587700007					2019-02-21	
J	Enberg, K; Jorgensen, C; Dunlop, ES; Varpe, O; Boukal, DS; Baulier, L; Eliassen, S; Heino, M				Enberg, Katja; Jorgensen, Christian; Dunlop, Erin S.; Varpe, Oystein; Boukal, David S.; Baulier, Loic; Eliassen, Sigrunn; Heino, Mikko			Fishing-induced evolution of growth: concepts, mechanisms and the empirical evidence	MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Fisheries-induced evolution; fishing-induced evolution; growth; maturation; reproductive investment; resource acquisition; resource allocation; size-at-age; trade-offs	FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-LAVARETUS; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; MATURATION REACTION NORMS; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES	The interest in fishing-induced life-history evolution has been growing in the last decade, in part because of the increasing number of studies suggesting evolutionary changes in life-history traits, and the potential ecological and economic consequences these changes may have. Among the traits that could evolve in response to fishing, growth has lately received attention. However, critical reading of the literature on growth evolution in fish reveals conceptual confusion about the nature of 'growth' itself as an evolving trait, and about the different ways fishing can affect growth and size-at-age of fish, both on ecological and on evolutionary time-scales. It is important to separate the advantages of being big and the costs of growing to a large size, particularly when studying life-history evolution. In this review, we explore the selection pressures on growth and the resultant evolution of growth from a mechanistic viewpoint. We define important concepts and outline the processes that must be accounted for before observed phenotypic changes can be ascribed to growth evolution. When listing traits that could be traded-off with growth rate, we group the mechanisms into those affecting resource acquisition and those governing resource allocation. We summarize potential effects of fishing on traits related to growth and discuss methods for detecting evolution of growth. We also challenge the prevailing expectation that fishing-induced evolution should always lead to slower growth.	[Enberg, Katja; Dunlop, Erin S.; Boukal, David S.; Baulier, Loic; Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Enberg, Katja; Jorgensen, Christian; Dunlop, Erin S.; Varpe, Oystein; Boukal, David S.; Baulier, Loic; Eliassen, Sigrunn; Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway; [Varpe, Oystein] Univ Ctr, Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway; [Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Jorgensen, Christian] Uni Res, Bergen, Norway	Enberg, K (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.	katja.enberg@imr.no	Varpe, Oystein/B-9693-2008; Enberg, Katja/C-8630-2009; Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Jorgensen, Christian/B-4453-2009; Boukal, David/H-4762-2014	Varpe, Oystein/0000-0002-5895-6983; Enberg, Katja/0000-0002-0045-7604; Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Jorgensen, Christian/0000-0001-7087-4625; Boukal, David/0000-0001-8181-7458	Bergen Research Foundation; Research Council of Norway; EU Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE; EU; Academy of Finland	We thank J. Hard for help with the salmonid literature and Ray Hilborn and anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Bergen Research Foundation, the Research Council of Norway, the EU Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE, EU FP7 Integrated Project MEECE, and the Academy of Finland.	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Ecol.-Evol. Persp.	MAR	2012	33	1					1	25		10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00460.x				25	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Marine & Freshwater Biology	928AB	WOS:000302950800001		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Cothran, RD; Stiff, AR; Jeyasingh, PD; Relyea, RA				Cothran, Rickey D.; Stiff, Andy R.; Jeyasingh, Punidan D.; Relyea, Rick A.			EUTROPHICATION AND PREDATION RISK INTERACT TO AFFECT SEXUAL TRAIT EXPRESSION AND MATING SUCCESS	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Amphipoda; Hyalella; life-history evolution; phenotypic plasticity; sexual selection	FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; CONDITION DEPENDENCE; POECILIA-RETICULATA; LIFE-HISTORY; STOICHIOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; HERITABLE VARIATION; ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT; SOCIAL COMPETITION; GENETIC VARIANCE; SELECTION	Sexual traits are especially sensitive to low food resources. Other environmental parameters (e.g., predation) should also affect sexual trait expression by favoring investment in viability traits rather than sexual traits. We know surprisingly little about how predators alter investment in sexual traits, or how predator and resource environments interact to affect sexual trait investment. We explored how increasing phosphorous (P) availability, at a level mimicking cultural eutrophication, affects the development of sexual, nonsexual, and viability traits of amphipods in the presence and absence of predators. Sexual traits and growth were hypersensitive to low P compared to nonsexual traits. However, a key sexual trait responded to low P only when predator cues were absent. Furthermore, investment trade-offs between sexual traits and growth only occurred when P was low. The phenotypic changes caused by predator cues and increased P availability resulted in higher male mating success. Thus, eutrophication not only affects sexual trait expression but also masks the trade-off between traits with similar P demand. Sensitivity of sexually selected traits to changes in P, combined with the important roles these traits play in determining fitness and driving speciation, suggests that human-induced environmental change can greatly alter the evolutionary trajectories of populations.	[Cothran, Rickey D.; Stiff, Andy R.; Relyea, Rick A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Ecol Lab, Dept Biol Sci & Pymatuning, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA; [Jeyasingh, Punidan D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA	Cothran, RD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ecol Lab, Dept Biol Sci & Pymatuning, 4249 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.	rdc28@pitt.edu			National Science Foundation (NSF) [0924401]	We thank R. Bonduriansky and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant awarded to RAR, including an REU supplement that supported ARS. We thank P. R. Chowdhury for assistance in performing elemental analyses, supported by NSF grant no. 0924401 to PDJ.	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J	Tarof, SA; Kramer, PM; Tautin, J; Stutchbury, BJM				Tarof, Scott A.; Kramer, Patrick M.; Tautin, John; Stutchbury, Bridget J. M.			Effects of known age on male paternity in a migratory songbird	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						age-related; extrapair paternity; genetic reproductive success; known age; life history strategies; sexual selection	EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; MALE HOODED WARBLERS; PURPLE MARTINS; GOOD GENES; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; TREE SWALLOWS; GREAT TITS; OLD-AGE; SENESCENCE; BIRDS	Many avian studies have shown that reproductive performance improves with age, but little is known about how key components of male fitness, extrapair and within pair paternity, vary across life spans. We tested for age effects on male paternity in purple martins (Progne subis) using cross-sectional analyses of known-aged males (1-9 years old) and longitudinal analyses of individuals sampled in 2 successive years. Microsatellite analyses found that 137 of 297 (46%) nests contained extrapair offspring and 273 of 1235 (22%) offspring were extrapair. Using a subsample of unique known-aged males (n = 160), we found significant linear and nonlinear effects of male age on the number of within pair offspring and, to a lesser extent, on the number of extrapair offspring sired. Male genetic reproductive success increased with age to 3 years and then leveled off. In longitudinal comparisons of known age males sampled in successive years (n = 41), within pair offspring increased with age, even for males >= 2 years old. Paired comparisons (n = 74) found that extrapair sires were older than the males they cuckolded, and that first-year males were significantly underrepresented as extrapair sires given the known age distribution in the population. Poor genetic reproductive performance in younger males is likely constrained through male-male competition during mate guarding and female choice for older males.	[Tarof, Scott A.; Kramer, Patrick M.; Stutchbury, Bridget J. M.] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Tautin, John] Purple Martin Conservat Assoc, Erie, PA 16505 USA	Tarof, SA (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.	starof@yorku.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [194681]	This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (194681 to B.J.S.) and proceeds from "Silence of the Songbirds" (Walker & Co., 2007).	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Ecol.	MAR-APR	2012	23	2					313	321		10.1093/beheco/arr188				9	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	898HY	WOS:000300733800013		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Baskett, ML				Baskett, Marissa L.			Integrating mechanistic organism-environment interactions into the basic theory of community and evolutionary ecology	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Review						mechanistic models; species interactions; quantitative genetics; game theory; functional response; fitness function	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FUNCTION-VALUED TRAITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; CORAL-REEFS; DISPERSAL; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY	This paper presents an overview of how mechanistic knowledge of organism-environment interactions, including biomechanical interactions of heat, mass and momentum transfer, can be integrated into basic theoretical population biology through mechanistic functional responses that quantitatively describe how organisms respond to their physical environment. Integrating such functional responses into simple community and microevolutionary models allows scaling up of the organism-level understanding from biomechanics both ecologically and temporally. For community models, Holling-type functional responses for predator-prey interactions provide a classic example of the functional response affecting qualitative model dynamics, and recent efforts are expanding analogous models to incorporate environmental influences such as temperature. For evolutionary models, mechanistic functional responses dependent on the environment can serve as fitness functions in both quantitative genetic and game theoretic frameworks, especially those concerning function-valued traits. I present a novel comparison of a mechanistic fitness function based on thermal performance curves to a commonly used generic fitness function, which quantitatively differ in their predictions for response to environmental change. A variety of examples illustrate how mechanistic functional responses enhance model connections to biologically relevant traits and processes as well as environmental conditions and therefore have the potential to link theoretical and empirical studies. Sensitivity analysis of such models can provide biologically relevant insight into which parameters and processes are important to community and evolutionary responses to environmental change such as climate change, which can inform conservation management aimed at protecting response capacity. Overall, the distillation of detailed knowledge or organism-environment interactions into mechanistic functional responses in simple population biology models provides a framework for integrating biomechanics and ecology that allows both tractability and generality.	Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Baskett, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	mlbaskett@ucdavis.edu	Baskett, Marissa/P-1762-2014	Baskett, Marissa/0000-0001-6102-1110			Abrams PA, 2001, ECOL LETT, V4, P166, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00199.x; Angilletta MJ, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00087-9; Angilletta MJ, 2002, J THERM BIOL, V27, P249, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00094-8; Apaloo J, 1997, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V52, P71; Arnold SJ, 2003, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V43, P367, DOI 10.1093/icb/43.3.367; ARNOLD SJ, 1983, AM ZOOL, V23, P347; Baskett ML, 2007, AM NAT, V170, P59, DOI 10.1086/518184; Baskett ML, 2010, GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL, V16, P1229, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02062.x; Baskett ML, 2009, ECOL APPL, V19, P3, DOI 10.1890/08-0139.1; Benedetti-Cecchi L, 2012, J EXP BIOL, V215, P977, DOI 10.1242/jeb.058826; Berkley HA, 2010, ECOL LETT, V13, P360, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01427.x; BERRYMAN AA, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1530, DOI 10.2307/1940005; Bolker B, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P1101, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1101:CTAESO]2.0.CO;2; Bonebrake TC, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P12581, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0911841107; CAVALLISFORZA LL, 1976, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V73, P1689, DOI 10.1073/pnas.73.5.1689; CHARLESWORTH B, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P520, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05936.x; Chevin LM, 2010, PLOS BIOL, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000357; Chown SL, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P365, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00096.x; Coulson T, 2010, J ANIM ECOL, V79, P1226, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01734.x; CROUSE DT, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1412, DOI 10.2307/1939225; CROW J F, 1970, P591; Dawson TP, 2011, SCIENCE, V332, P53, DOI 10.1126/science.1200303; DAY T., 2005, ECOLOGICAL PARADIGMS, V2, P273, DOI 10.1016/B978-012088459-9/50015-7; Denny M., SCALING ECO IN PRESS; Denny MW, 2012, J EXP BIOL, V215, P934, DOI 10.1242/jeb.058958; Denny M, 2009, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V49, P197, DOI 10.1093/icb/icp070; Dieckmann U, 2006, J THEOR BIOL, V241, P370, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.12.002; Feder ME, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P315, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.315; FELDMAN MW, 1981, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V19, P370, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(81)90027-7; FELSENSTEIN J, 1981, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V19, P341, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(81)90025-3; GARLAND T, 1994, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V56, P579, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ph.56.030194.003051; Garland Theodore Jr., 1994, P240; Gaylord B, 2006, ECOL MONOGR, V76, P481, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0481:MSDICE]2.0.CO;2; Gaylord B, 2012, J EXP BIOL, V215, P997, DOI 10.1242/jeb.059824; Geritz SAH, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P35, DOI 10.1023/A:1006554906681; Ghalambor CK, 2003, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V43, P431, DOI 10.1093/icb/43.3.431; GILCHRIST GW, 1995, AM NAT, V146, P252, DOI 10.1086/285797; Glazier DS, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P611, DOI 10.1017/S1464793105006834; Hastings A, 1997, POPULATION BIOL CONC; Hastings A, 2007, ECOL LETT, V10, P153, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00997.x; Heller NE, 2009, BIOL CONSERV, V142, P14, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.006; Helmuth B, 2005, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V67, P177, DOI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.105027; Hoffmann AA, 2011, NATURE, V470, P479, DOI 10.1038/nature09670; Hofmann GE, 2010, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V72, P127, DOI 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135900; HOLLING C. 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Exp. Biol.	MAR	2012	215	6					948	961		10.1242/jeb.059022				14	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	898EF	WOS:000300718100009	22357588	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Dudley, LS; Hove, AA; Mazer, SJ				Dudley, Leah S.; Hove, Alisa A.; Mazer, Susan J.			PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE AND MATING SYSTEM IN CLARKIA (ONAGRACEAE): DOES PHENOTYPIC SELECTION PREDICT DIVERGENCE BETWEEN SISTER SPECIES?	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						Clarkia exilis; Clarkia unguiculata; evolution of selfing; life history evolution; Onagraceae; photosynthesis; transpiration; water use efficiency	WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; IMPATIENS-CAPENSIS BALSAMINACEAE; SELF-FERTILIZATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; NATURAL-SELECTION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; LOCAL ADAPTATION	Premise of the study: The evolution of self-fertilization often occurs in association with other floral, life history, and fitness-related traits. A previous study found that field populations of Clarkia exilis (a predominantly autogamous selfer) and its sister species, Clarkia unguiculata (a facultative outcrosser) differ in mean photosynthetic rates and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). Here, we investigate the strength and direction of selection on these traits in multiple populations of each taxon to determine whether natural selection may contribute to the phenotypic differences between them. Methods: In spring 2008, we measured instantaneous gas exchange rates in nine populations during vegetative growth (Early) and/or during flowering (Late). We conducted selection gradient analyses and estimated selection differentials within populations and across pooled conspecific populations to evaluate the strength, direction, and consistency of selection on each trait early and late in the season. Key results: The direction and relative strength of selection on photosynthetic rates in these taxa corresponds to the phenotypic difference between them; C. exilis has higher photosynthetic rates than C. unguiculata, as well as stronger, more consistent selection favoring rapid photosynthesis throughout the growing season. Patterns of selection on transpiration, WUEi, and the timing of flowering progression are less consistent with phenotypic differences (or lack thereof) between taxa. Conclusions: We detected several examples where selection was consistent with the phenotypic divergence between sister taxa, but there were also numerous instances that were equivocal or in which selection did not predict the realized phenotypic difference between taxa.	[Dudley, Leah S.; Hove, Alisa A.; Mazer, Susan J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Dudley, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	dudley@lifesci.ucsb.edu			National Science Foundation [OIS-718227]; Luce Foundation; Ralph M. Parsons Foundation; California Native Plant Society	This work was supported by a National Science Foundation grant (OIS-718227) to L.S.D. and S.J.M. A.A.H. received funding from the Luce Foundation, the Ralph M. Parsons Foundation, and the California Native Plant Society. H. Guo assisted in the field. Special thanks to M. Whitfield, director of the Southern Sierra Research Station, for providing accommodations while we conducted fieldwork. UCSB undergraduate interns, including: K. Law, M. Echt, and S. Ricceri, quantified lifetime fruit production.	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MAR	2012	99	3					488	507		10.3732/ajb.1100387				20	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	905EI	WOS:000301254600020	22396332	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Meyer, KM; Leveau, JHJ				Meyer, Katrin M.; Leveau, Johan H. J.			Microbiology of the phyllosphere: a playground for testing ecological concepts	OECOLOGIA			English	Review						Ecological theories; Diversity; Biogeography; Niche; Leaf surface	QUERCUS-MACROCARPA PHYLLOSPHERE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LEAF SURFACES; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIA; LEAVES; DIVERSITY; MODEL; PSEUDOMONAS	Many concepts and theories in ecology are highly debated, because it is often difficult to design decisive tests with sufficient replicates. Examples include biodiversity theories, succession concepts, invasion theories, coexistence theories, and concepts of life history strategies. Microbiological tests of ecological concepts are rapidly accumulating, but have yet to tap into their full potential to complement traditional macroecological theories. Taking the example of microbial communities on leaf surfaces (i.e. the phyllosphere), we show that most explorations of ecological concepts in this field of microbiology focus on autecology and population ecology, while community ecology remains understudied. Notable exceptions are first tests of the island biogeography theory and of biodiversity theories. Here, the phyllosphere provides the unique opportunity to set up replicated experiments, potentially moving fields such as biogeography, macroecology, and landscape ecology beyond theoretical and observational evidence. Future approaches should take advantage of the great range of spatial scales offered by the leaf surface by iteratively linking laboratory experiments with spatial simulation models.	[Meyer, Katrin M.] Univ Gottingen, Fac Forest Sci & Forest Ecol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany; [Meyer, Katrin M.; Leveau, Johan H. J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Microbial Ecol, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Leveau, Johan H. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Meyer, KM (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Fac Forest Sci & Forest Ecol, Busgenweg 4, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.	kmeyer5@uni-goettingen.de	Leveau, Johan/C-1096-2012; Meyer, Katrin/E-6839-2013; Library, Library/A-4320-2012	Meyer, Katrin/0000-0002-9990-4047; Library, Library/0000-0002-3835-159X	NWO VIDI [864.06.002]; State of Lower Saxony (Ministry of Science and Culture)	We thank Martin Schadler, Mitja Remus-Emsermann, Hans van Veen, Tanja Scheublin, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful input or exchanges of ideas during the preparation of the manuscript. We acknowledge funding from NWO VIDI-grant 864.06.002 to JHJL. KMM was partly funded by the State of Lower Saxony (Ministry of Science and Culture; Cluster of Excellence "Functional Biodiversity Research"). This is NIOO publication number 5105.	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J	Krebs, JM; Bell, SS				Krebs, Justin M.; Bell, Susan S.			Risk of predation reflects variation in the reproductive strategy of a dominant forage fish in mangrove tidal tributaries	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Life history; Poeciliidae; Tampa Bay; Tidal creek; Trade-off	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; BRACHYRHAPHIS-RHABDOPHORA; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; SAILFIN MOLLIES; OFFSPRING SIZE; FEMALE GUPPIES; POPULATIONS; PLASTICITY	The role of predators in shaping prey life histories is a central theme in the ecological literature. However, the association between degree of predation risk and prey reproductive strategies has not been clearly established. We examined reproduction in the sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) from small tidal tributaries in a subtropical estuary. Our results revealed a gradient along which females produced many, small offspring at one extreme (mean = 42 offspring, 17 mg each) and fewer, larger offspring at the other (24 offspring, 29 mg each). Reproductive allotment ranged from 14.9-21.5% of maternal biomass. Based on our observation of divergent reproductive strategies, we experimentally tested the null hypothesis of no difference in predation risk among tributaries using a novel quantitative approach to estimate predation. We predicted greater risk in tributaries where mollies produced many, small offspring. Tethering confirmed increasing risk from 16.2 +/- 5.3% SE to 54.7 +/- 3.6% fish lost h(-1) across sites in agreement with observed variation in reproduction. Predation was unexpectedly higher than predicted at one of the four sites suggesting that additional factors (e.g., food) had influenced reproduction there. Our results provide insight into the well-studied concept of predator-mediated variation in prey reproduction by quantitatively demonstrating differential risk for mollies exhibiting divergent reproductive strategies. While the observed range of variation in reproductive traits was consistent with previous studies reporting strong predator effects, higher than expected predation in one case may suggest that the prey response does not follow a continuous trajectory of incremental change with increasing predation risk, but may be better defined as a threshold beyond which a significant shift in reproductive strategy occurs.	[Krebs, Justin M.; Bell, Susan S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA	Krebs, JM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.	jkrebs@mail.usf.edu			U.S. Geological Survey; Pinellas County Environmental Fund; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Division of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida [W3603]	Thanks to M. Squitieri for his tremendous contribution to the success of this study. Thanks also to L. Bedinger, A. Brame, M. Brown, N. Hansen, A. Meyers, M. Neilson, J. Peterson, T. Richards, N. Silverman and L. Yeager for additional assistance with fieldwork. Thanks to C. McIvor, the U.S. Geological Survey, L. Vanderbloemen and Jacobs Technology for providing project support and A. Krebs for providing domestic support. This project was partially funded by a grant from the Pinellas County Environmental Fund. Suggestions by Keith Ludwig helped to improve the design of the tethers. Approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #W3603) at the Division of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida. The quality of the manuscript benefited from reviews by J. Trexler, J. Downhower and several anonymous reviewers. This manuscript represents partial fulfillment of the PhD requirements for J. Krebs.	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J	Oftedal, OT				Oftedal, O. T.			The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins	ANIMAL			English	Article						evolution; lactation; milk composition; casein; milk fat globule	WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; LACTATING MAMMARY-GLAND; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; XANTHINE-OXIDOREDUCTASE; ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; SKIN SECRETIONS; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA	Lactation represents an important element of the life history strategies of all mammals, whether monotreme, marsupial, or eutherian. Milk originated as a glandular skin secretion in synapsids (the lineage ancestral to mammals), perhaps as early as the Pennsylvanian period, that is, approximately 310 million years ago (mya). Early synapsids laid eggs with parchment-like shells intolerant of desiccation and apparently dependent on glandular skin secretions for moisture. Mammary glands probably evolved from apocrine-like glands that combined multiple modes of secretion and developed in association with hair follicles. Comparative analyses of the evolutionary origin of milk constituents support a scenario in which these secretions evolved into a nutrient-rich milk long before mammals arose. A variety of antimicrobial and secretory constituents were co-opted into novel roles related to nutrition of the young. Secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins may originally have had a role in calcium delivery to eggs; however, by evolving into large, complex casein micelles, they took on an important role in transport of amino acids, calcium and phosphorus. Several proteins involved in immunity, including an ancestral butyrophilin and xanthine oxidoreductase, were incorporated into a novel membrane-bound lipid droplet (the milk fat globule) that became a primary mode of energy transfer. An ancestral c-lysozyme lost its lytic functions in favor of a role as alpha-lactalbumin, which modifies a galactosyltransferase to recognize glucose as an acceptor, leading to the synthesis of novel milk sugars, of which free oligosaccharides may have predated free lactose. An ancestral lipocalin and an ancestral whey acidic protein four-disulphide core protein apparently lost their original transport and antimicrobial functions when they became the whey proteins beta-lactoglobulin and whey acidic protein, which with alpha-lactalbumin provide limiting sulfur amino acids to the young. By the late Triassic period (ca 210 mya), mammaliaforms (mammalian ancestors) were endothermic (requiring fluid to replace incubatory water losses of eggs), very small in size (making large eggs impossible), and had rapid growth and limited tooth replacement (indicating delayed onset of feeding and reliance on milk). Thus, milk had already supplanted egg yolk as the primary nutrient source, and by the Jurassic period (ca 170 mya) vitellogenin genes were being lost. All primary milk constituents evolved before the appearance of mammals, and some constituents may have origins that predate the split of the synapsids from sauropsids (the lineage leading to 'reptiles' and birds). Thus, the modern dairy industry is built upon a very old foundation, the cornerstones of which were laid even before dinosaurs ruled the earth in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.	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J	Van Leeuwen, TE; Rosenfeld, JS; Richards, JG				Van Leeuwen, Travis E.; Rosenfeld, Jordan S.; Richards, Jeffrey G.			Effects of food ration on SMR: influence of food consumption on individual variation in metabolic rate in juvenile coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch)	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						coho salmon; consumption; dominance; energy balance; growth depression; individual variation in standard metabolic rate; oxygen uptake; prey-mediated; standard metabolic rate; territoriality	TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH DEPRESSION; STEELHEAD TROUT; SOCIAL-STATUS; BROWN TROUT; ENERGY; CONSEQUENCES	1. Consistency of differences in standard metabolic rate (SMR) between individual juvenile salmonids and the apparently limited ability of individuals to regulate their SMR has led many researchers to conclude that differences in individual SMR are fixed (i.e. genetic). 2. To test for the effects of food ration on individual performance and metabolism, SMR was estimated by measuring oxygen consumption using flow-through respirometry on individually separated young of the year coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) placed on varying food rations over a period of 44 days. 3. Results demonstrate that the quantity of food consumed directly affects SMR of juvenile coho salmon, independent of specific dynamic action (SDA, an elevation in metabolic rate from the increased energy demands associated with digestion immediately following a meal) and indicates that higher food consumption is a cause of elevated SMR rather than a consequence of it. Juvenile coho salmon therefore demonstrated an ability to regulate their SMR according to food availability and ultimately food consumption. 4. This study indicates that food consumption may play a pivotal role in understanding individual variation in SMR independent of inherent genetic differences. We suggest that studies involving SMR need to be cautious about the effects of intra-individual differences in food consumption in communal tanks or in different microhabitats in the wild as disproportionate food consumption may contribute more to variation inSMR than intrinsic (genetic) factors. 5. In general, our results suggest that evolutionary changes in SMR are likely a response to selection on food consumption and growth, rather than SMR itself.	[Van Leeuwen, Travis E.; Richards, Jeffrey G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Rosenfeld, Jordan S.] Univ British Columbia, British Columbia Minist Environm, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Van Leeuwen, TE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.	t.vanleeuwen@fisheries.ubc.ca			NSERC	We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. Dave Bates for advice and assistance with stream selection and fish collection and Dr. Lorne Rothman, who provided scholarly advice on statistical analysis. Research was part of a dissertation prepared in partial fulfilment of a MSc. Degree at the University of British Columbia. Research was funded by an NSERC discovery grant to J.S.R.	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J	van Turnhout, CAM; Leuven, RSEW; Hendriks, AJ; Kurstjens, G; Van Strien, A; Foppen, RPB; Siepel, H				van Turnhout, C. A. M.; Leuven, R. S. E. W.; Hendriks, A. J.; Kurstjens, G.; Van Strien, A.; Foppen, R. P. B.; Siepel, H.			Ecological strategies successfully predict the effects of river floodplain rehabilitation on breeding birds	RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS			English	Article						biological traits; life-history; restoration; population trend; monitoring; river specialists; river Rhine; river Meuse	THEORETICAL HABITAT TEMPLETS; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; UPPER RHONE RIVER; SPECIES RICHNESS; LOWLAND RIVERS; PRESENT STATE; RHINE; EUROPE; BIODIVERSITY; RESTORATION	To improve the ecological functioning of riverine ecosystems, large-scale floodplain rehabilitation has been carried out in the RhineMeuse Delta since the 1990s. This paper evaluates changes in abundance of 93 breeding bird species over a period of 10 years in response to rehabilitation, by comparing population changes in 75 rehabilitated sites with 124 non-rehabilitated reference sites. Such quantitative, multi-species, large-scale and long-term evaluations of floodplain rehabilitation on biodiversity are still scarce, particularly studies that focus on the terrestrial component. We try to understand the effects by relating population trends to ecological and life-history traits and strategies of breeding birds. More specifically, we try to answer the question whether rehabilitation of vegetation succession or hydro-geomorphological river processes is the key driver behind recent population changes in rehabilitated sites. Populations of 35 species have significantly performed better in rehabilitated sites compared to non-rehabilitated floodplains, whereas only 8 have responded negatively to rehabilitation. Differences in effects between species are best explained by the trait selection of nest location. Reproductive investment and migratory behaviour were less strong predictors. Based on these three traits we defined eight life-history strategies that successfully captured a substantial amount of variation in rehabilitation effects. We conclude that spontaneous vegetation succession and initial excavations are currently more important drivers of population changes than rehabilitation of hydrodynamics. The latter are strongly constrained by river regulation. If rehabilitation of hydro-geomorphological processes remains incomplete in future, artificial cyclic floodplain rejuvenation will be necessary for sustainable conservation of characteristic river birds. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	[van Turnhout, C. A. M.; Foppen, R. P. B.] SOVON Dutch Ctr Field Ornithol, NL-6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; [van Turnhout, C. A. M.; Leuven, R. S. E. W.; Hendriks, A. 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J	Blouin, NA; Lane, CE				Blouin, Nicolas A.; Lane, Christopher E.			Red algal parasites: Models for a life history evolution that leaves photosynthesis behind again and again	BIOESSAYS			English	Article						genome reduction; life history; parasite evolution; red algae	NUCLEAR GENOME REDUCTION; PLASTID GENOME; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; LEVRINGIELLA-GARDNERI; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SECRETORY PATHWAY; PORPHYRA-PURPUREA; MALARIA PARASITES; COMPLETE SEQUENCE	Many of the most virulent and problematic eukaryotic pathogens have evolved from photosynthetic ancestors, such as apicomplexans, which are responsible for a wide range of diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. The primary barrier to understanding the early stages of evolution of these parasites has been the difficulty in finding parasites with closely related free-living lineages with which to make comparisons. Parasites found throughout the florideophyte red algal lineage, however, provide a unique and powerful model to investigate the genetic origins of a parasitic lifestyle. This is because they share a recent common ancestor with an extant free-living red algal species and parasitism has independently arisen over 100 times within this group. Here, we synthesize the relevant hypotheses with respect to how these parasites have proliferated. We also place red algal research in the context of recent developments in understanding the genome evolution of other eukaryotic photosynthesizers turned parasites.	[Blouin, Nicolas A.; Lane, Christopher E.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA	Blouin, NA (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.	nblouin@mail.uri.edu			Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation	We would like to thank our reviewers for their helpful suggestions. We also acknowledge the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation-sponsored MEGAMER facility for resources and use of space at the UCSC, and particularly Brandon Carter for help and logistical facilitation.	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J	Heiri, C; Wolf, A; Rohrer, L; Brang, P; Bugmann, H				Heiri, Caroline; Wolf, Annett; Rohrer, Lukas; Brang, Peter; Bugmann, Harald			Successional pathways in Swiss mountain forest reserves	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH			English	Article						Abies alba; Forest succession; Long-term forest monitoring; Mountain forest; Picea abies; Structural development; Succession theory; Temporal dynamics	STAND-STRUCTURE; OLD-GROWTH; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DYNAMICS; DIVERSITY; REGENERATION; MANAGEMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS; MORTALITY; INDEXES	Knowledge on the natural dynamics of Norway spruce-European silver fir forests is scarce, but is of high importance for the sustainable management of these ecosystems. Using a unique data set from five forest reserves in the Swiss Alps that covers up to 35 years, we elucidated communalities and differences in stand structure and species composition across the reserves and over time and investigated the role of site conditions versus intrinsic forest dynamics. For the early and late successional phases, we found a clear relationship between stand structure (diameter distributions) and species composition. Two pathways of early succession were evident as a function of the disturbance regime. Thus, the spatial extent of disturbances in spruce-fir forests strongly determines the pathway in early succession. Contrary to earlier descriptions of clearly distinguishable optima phases, our data did not reveal a relationship between stand structure and species composition for the early, mid-, and late optimum phases. Although the reserves investigated here are characterized by highly different climatic and soil conditions, their temporal development was found to fit well into a single successional scheme, suggesting that in spruce-fir mountain forests, the life-history strategies of the tree species may have a stronger influence on successional trajectories than site conditions per se.	[Heiri, Caroline; Brang, Peter] WSL Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Wolf, Annett; Rohrer, Lukas; Bugmann, Harald] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Dept Environm Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland	Heiri, C (reprint author), WSL Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.	caroline.heiri@wsl.ch	Heiri, Caroline/S-5836-2016; Bugmann, Harald/A-1252-2008	Heiri, Caroline/0000-0002-0951-0846; Bugmann, Harald/0000-0003-4233-0094; Brang, Peter/0000-0003-0766-9826			AUSTIN MP, 1989, VEGETATIO, V83, P35, DOI 10.1007/BF00031679; BONCINA A, 1998, VIRGIN FORESTS FORES, P95; Brang P, 2008, MONITORING KONZEPT N; Brang Peter, 2006, Forest Snow and Landscape Research, V80, P23; Burrascano S, 2008, PLANT BIOSYST, V142, P313, DOI 10.1080/11263500802150613; Busing RT, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P73, DOI 10.1890/04-0410; Busing RT, 1996, J VEG SCI, V7, P685, DOI 10.2307/3236380; Busing RT, 1998, J VEG SCI, V9, P881, DOI 10.2307/3237053; Butler Manning D, 2007, THESIS ALBERT LUDWIG; Clements FE, 1936, J ECOL, V24, P252, DOI 10.2307/2256278; Commarmot Brigitte, 2005, Forest Snow and Landscape Research, V79, P45; Coomes DA, 2007, J ECOL, V95, P27, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01179.x; D'Amato AW, 2008, ECOL APPL, V18, P1182, DOI 10.1890/07-0919.1; Ellenberg H, 1996, VEGETATION MITTELEUR; ELLENBERG H, 1972, MITT SCHWEIZ ANST FO, V48, P388; Emborg J, 1998, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V106, P83, DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00299-5; FINEGAN B, 1984, NATURE, V312, P109, DOI 10.1038/312109a0; FRANKLIN J F, 1989, P3; Giraudoux P, 2008, PGIRMESS DATA ANAL E; GLEASON H. 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J. For. Res.	MAR	2012	131	2					503	518		10.1007/s10342-011-0525-1				16	Forestry	Forestry	903BC	WOS:000301088000021					2019-02-21	
J	Jonason, PK; Webster, GD				Jonason, Peter K.; Webster, Gregory D.			A protean approach to social influence: Dark Triad personalities and social influence tactics	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Dark Triad; Cheater-detection; Personality; Social influence	TERM MATING STRATEGY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; PSYCHOPATHY; NARCISSISM; DOMAINS; MODEL	To avoid detection, those high on Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) may adopt a protean approach to interpersonal influence. We show the Dark Triad traits correlate with a number of unique tactics of influence (Study 1; N = 259). We show this protean approach was insensitive to differences in targets of manipulation (Study 2; N = 296). When forced to choose one tactic to solve different adaptive problems, the Dark Triad traits were correlated with unique tactical choices (Study 3; N = 268). We show these associations are generally robust to controlling for the Big Five and participants' sex (Study 1 and 2). We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for both life history and cheater-detection theories. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Jonason, Peter K.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Psychol, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; [Webster, Gregory D.] Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA	Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Psychol, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.	peterkarljonason@yahoo.com					Ali F, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V47, P758, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.016; Baumeister RF, 2007, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V2, P396, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x; Benotsch E. G., 2004, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V16, P35; Buss DM, 2009, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x; BUSS DM, 1992, J PERS, V60, P477, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00981.x; BUSS DM, 1991, J PERS, V59, P179, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00773.x; Christie R, 1970, STUDIES MACHIAVELLIA; Cosmides L., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P163, DOI DOI 10.1098/RSTB.2006.1991; Cummins DD, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P229, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(99)00008-2; DRIVER PM, 1988, PROTEAN BEHAV BIOL U; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Foster JD, 2008, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V34, P1004, DOI 10.1177/0146167208316688; Gosling SD, 2003, J RES PERS, V37, P504, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1; Gunnthorsdottir A, 2002, J ECON PSYCHOL, V23, P49, DOI 10.1016/S0167-4870(01)00067-8; Hare RD, 1996, CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV, V23, P25, DOI 10.1177/0093854896023001004; Jonason PK, 2011, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V51, P759, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.025; Jonason PK, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P428, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4; Jonason PK, 2010, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V22, P420, DOI 10.1037/a0019265; Jonason PK, 2009, EUR J PERSONALITY, V23, P5, DOI 10.1002/per.698; Jonason PK, 2010, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENC, V8, P111; Jones DN, 2010, SOC PSYCHOL PERS SCI, V1, P12, DOI 10.1177/1948550609347591; Kaplan H. S., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P68; Kenrick DT, 2002, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V6, P347, DOI 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0604_09; Kline P, 2000, HDB PSYCHOL TESTING; Kowalski RM, 2001, BEHAV BADLY AVERSIVE; Lee KB, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V38, P1571, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.016; MEALEY L, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V18, P523, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00039595; Paulhus DL, 2002, J RES PERS, V36, P556, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6; Wilson DS, 1996, PSYCHOL BULL, V119, P285, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.285	29	88	89	5	41	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	MAR	2012	52	4					521	526		10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.023				6	Psychology, Social	Psychology	904SL	WOS:000301218100010					2019-02-21	
J	Mack, KML				Mack, Keenan M. L.			Selective feedback between dispersal distance and the stability of mutualism	OIKOS			English	Article							NEGATIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS; VISCOUS POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ALTRUISM; COOPERATION; ECOLOGY; MODEL; MOBILITY; ORIGIN	The evolution and maintenance of mutually beneficial interactions has been one of the oldest problems for evolutionary theory. For cooperation to be stable, mechanisms such as spatial population structure must exist that prevent non-cooperative individuals from invading cooperative groups. Selection for certain traits like increased dispersal can erode that structure. Here, I used a spatially explicit individual based dual lattice computer simulation to investigate how the evolution of dispersal interacts with the evolution of mutualism and how this interaction affects the stability of mutualism in the face of non-mutualists. I ran simulations manipulating the self-structuring phenotype, dispersal distance, over a range of environmental conditions, as well as letting both dispersal and mutualism evolve independently, with and without a cost of dispersal. I found that environmental productivity is negatively correlated with the stability of mutualism, and that the stability of mutualism relied on the ability of mutualists to evolve shorter dispersal distances than non-mutualists. The inclusion of a dispersal cost essentially fixed the upper limit of dispersal, and therefore limits the ability of non-mutualists to evolve higher average dispersal than mutualists, but as costs are relaxed, the differences are recovered. These results show how selection on seemingly unrelated traits can align suites of traits into holistic life history strategies.	Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA	Mack, KML (reprint author), Indiana Univ, 1001 E 3rd St,Jordan Hall 149C, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.	kmmack@indiana.edu			NSF [DEB - 0919434]	I thank J. Bever, T. Platt and the Bever/Schultz lab group for comments on this article. I acknowledge support from NSF grant no. DEB - 0919434.	AXELROD R, 1981, SCIENCE, V211, P1390, DOI 10.1126/science.7466396; Bever JD, 2009, ECOL LETT, V12, P13, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01254.x; BOUCHER DH, 1982, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V13, P315, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001531; Briggs CJ, 2004, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V65, P299, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2003.11.001; Brooker RW, 2007, J THEOR BIOL, V245, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.09.033; Callaway RM, 2002, NATURE, V417, P844, DOI 10.1038/nature00812; Doebeli M, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P8676, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8676; DUGATKIN LA, 1997, COOPERATION ANIMALS; Dytham C, 2006, OIKOS, V113, P530, DOI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14395.x; FRANK SA, 1994, J THEOR BIOL, V170, P393, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1994.1200; GADGIL M, 1971, ECOLOGY, V52, P253, DOI 10.2307/1934583; HAMILTON WD, 1977, NATURE, V269, P578, DOI 10.1038/269578a0; Hanski I, 2008, THEOR ECOL-NETH, V1, P29, DOI 10.1007/s12080-007-0004-y; Hauert C, 2004, NATURE, V428, P643, DOI 10.1038/nature02360; HUFFAKER C. B., 1958, HILGARDIA, V27, P343; Killingback T, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1723, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0838; Koella JC, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1979, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1239; Le Galliard JF, 2005, AM NAT, V165, P206, DOI 10.1086/427090; Lion S, 2008, ECOL LETT, V11, P277, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01132.x; Lord JM, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V150, P310, DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0523-z; Luce RD, 1957, GAMES DECISIONS INTR; MACARTHUR RH, 1958, ECOLOGY, V39, P599, DOI 10.2307/1931600; Marsaglia G., 2000, J STAT SOFTW, V5, P1, DOI DOI 10.18637/JSS.V005.I08; NOWAK MA, 1992, NATURE, V359, P826, DOI 10.1038/359826a0; Platt TG, 2009, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V24, P370, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.009; Sicardi EA, 2009, J THEOR BIOL, V256, P240, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.09.022; TAYLOR PD, 1992, EVOL ECOL, V6, P352, DOI 10.1007/BF02270971; Taylor PD, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1135; Travis JMJ, 2006, J THEOR BIOL, V241, P896, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.01.025; Travis JMJ, 2005, BIOL LETT-UK, V1, P5, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0236; TRIVERS RL, 1971, Q REV BIOL, V46, P35, DOI 10.1086/406755; van Baalen M, 1998, J THEOR BIOL, V193, P631, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1998.0730; WILSON DS, 1992, EVOL ECOL, V6, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF02270969; Yamamura N, 2004, J THEOR BIOL, V226, P421, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.016	34	5	5	0	41	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0030-1299			OIKOS	Oikos	MAR	2012	121	3					442	448		10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19420.x				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	900HH	WOS:000300877100014					2019-02-21	
J	Cook, KV; O'Connor, CM; McConnachie, SH; Gilmour, KM; Cooke, SJ				Cook, K. V.; O'Connor, C. M.; McConnachie, S. H.; Gilmour, K. M.; Cooke, S. J.			Condition dependent intra-individual repeatability of stress-induced cortisol in a freshwater fish	COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY			English	Article						Condition factor; Cortisol; Fish; Glucocorticoid secretion; Individual variation; Lepomis macrochirus; Repeatability; Stress response	JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BLUEGILL SUNFISH; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COPING STYLES; RESPONSES; CONSISTENCY	The glucocorticoid (GC) stress response is thought to be an individual trait associated with behaviour and life history strategies. Studies exploring such relationships typically assume measured hormone values to be repeatable within an individual. However, repeatability of GCs has proven variable in wild animals and underlying reasons remain unknown. We assessed individual repeatability of circulating stress-induced cortisol. the primary GC in teleost fish, and glucose concentrations in a wild teleost fish held under consistent laboratory conditions. We also tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of intra-individual variability in stress-induced cortisol concentrations ("cortisol variability") is influenced by body condition. Wild-caught bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were subjected to repeated standardized stressors and blood sampled (3 times over 6 days) once cortisol concentrations peaked. Various indicators of fish condition, both whole body and physiological, were also measured. Overall, stress-induced circulating cortisol concentrations were repeatable but stress-induced glucose was not. Cortisol variability was related to Fulton's condition factor and size (eviscerated mass) where smaller fish in poor condition exhibited increased cortisol variability. The findings have implications for the interpretation of studies that examine correlates of GC concentrations as they suggest consistency in stress responsiveness is influenced by factors such as size and condition. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Cook, K. V.; O'Connor, C. M.; McConnachie, S. H.; Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Gilmour, K. M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada	Cook, KV (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.	katrina.vcook@gmail.com	Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010	Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	All fish were sampled under an Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources scientific collection permit and handled in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery grants to S.J.C. and K.M.G. Thanks to J. Weatherhead, L. Nowell, A. Nagrodski, C. Suski, G. Raby and S. Wilson for assistance with field work, and the staff of the Queen's University Biological Station for logistical support.	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Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.	MAR	2012	161	3					337	343		10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.12.002				7	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology	897IO	WOS:000300643200008	22179071				2019-02-21	
J	Lyimo, IN; Keegan, SP; Ranford-Cartwright, LC; Ferguson, HM				Lyimo, I. N.; Keegan, S. P.; Ranford-Cartwright, L. C.; Ferguson, H. M.			The impact of uniform and mixed species blood meals on the fitness of the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae s.s: does a specialist pay for diversifying its host species diet?	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						constraints; host-parasite interaction; insects; life history evolution; malaria; natural selection; trade-offs	FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; WESTERN KENYA; EVOLUTION; FUNESTUS; PLANTS; SUGAR; COEXISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; FECUNDITY	We investigated the fitness consequences of specialization in an organism whose host choice has an immense impact on human health: the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. We tested whether this mosquitos specialism on humans can be attributed to the relative fitness benefits of specialist vs. generalist feeding strategies by contrasting their fecundity and survival on human-only and mixed host diets consisting of blood meals from humans and animals. When given only one blood meal, An. gambiae s.s. survived significantly longer on human and bovine blood, than on canine or avian blood. However, when blood fed repeatedly, there was no evidence that the fitness of An. gambiae s.s. fed a human-only diet was greater than those fed generalist diets. This suggests that the adoption of generalist host feeding strategies in An. gambiae s.s. is not constrained by intraspecific variation in the resource quality of blood from other available host species.	[Lyimo, I. N.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm & Biomed Themat Grp, Ifakara, Tanzania; [Lyimo, I. N.; Keegan, S. P.; Ranford-Cartwright, L. C.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Infect Immun & Inflammat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; [Lyimo, I. N.; Ferguson, H. M.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland	Lyimo, IN (reprint author), Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm & Biomed Themat Grp, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania.	ilyimo@ihi.or.tz	Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa/H-4701-2013	Ranford-Cartwright, Lisa/0000-0003-1992-3940; Ferguson, Heather/0000-0002-9625-5176; Keegan, Shaun/0000-0002-8302-4408	University of Glasgow; BBSRC; European Union [228421 Infravec]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D020042/1]	We thank Elizabeth Peat and Dorothy Armstrong for technical assistance during this study. INL was supported by a University of Glasgow Faculty Studentship. Funding was provided by a BBSRC David Philips Fellowship to HMF. 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J	Song, Y; Scheu, S; Drossel, B				Song, Y.; Scheu, S.; Drossel, B.			The ecological advantage of sexual reproduction in multicellular long-lived organisms	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						amphibians and reptiles; birds; life history evolution; mammals; quantitative genetics; simulation; theory; trade-offs	COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GEOGRAPHIC PARTHENOGENESIS; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; FOOD; CONSUMER; RECOMBINATION; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS; HYPOTHESIS	We present a model for the advantage of sexual reproduction in multicellular long-lived species in a world of structured resources in short supply. The model combines features of the Tangled Bank and the Red Queen hypothesis of sexual reproduction and is of broad applicability. The model is ecologically explicit with the dynamics of resources and consumers being modelled by differential equations. The life history of consumers is shaped by body mass-dependent rates as implemented in the metabolic theory of ecology. We find that over a broad range of parameters, sexual reproduction wins despite the two-fold cost of producing males, due to the advantage of producing offspring that can exploit underutilized resources. The advantage is largest when maturation and production of offspring set in before the resources of the parents become depleted, but not too early, due to the cost of producing males. The model thus leads to the dominance of sexual reproduction in multicellular animals living in complex environments, with resource availability being the most important factor affecting survival and reproduction.	[Song, Y.; Drossel, B.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; [Scheu, S.] Univ Gottingen, JF Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, Gottingen, Germany	Song, Y (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Hochschulstr 6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.	yixian@fkp.tu-darmstadt.de		Song, Yixian/0000-0003-4611-8277	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Dr300/6]	This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under contract number Dr300/6.	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Evol. Biol.	MAR	2012	25	3					556	565		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02454.x				10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	895MV	WOS:000300501200013	22268809	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Jabbour, F; Renner, SS				Jabbour, Florian; Renner, Susanne S.			A phylogeny of Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) shows that Aconitum is nested within Delphinium and that Late Miocene transitions to long life cycles in the Himalayas and Southwest China coincide with bursts in diversification	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Beringia; Delphinieae; Life history evolution; Mediterranean; Molecular clock; Tibetan Plateau	GENETIC DIVERSITY; CHLOROPLAST DNA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; NEW-WORLD; HISTORY; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; CONSOLIDA; CLIMATE	The tribe Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) comprises two species-rich genera, Aconitum and Delphinium, the latter including Consolida and Aconitella. The 650-700 species are distributed in Eurasia and North America; three species occur on tropical African mountains. Maximum likelihood analyses of 2088 aligned nucleotides of plastid and nuclear sequences obtained from up to 185 species of Delphinieae from throughout the geographic range (plus relevant outgroups) show that three short-lived (facultative annual or biennial) Mediterranean species belonging to Delphinium subgenus Staphisagria are the sister clade to all other Delphinieae, implying that Staphisagria needs to be raised to genus status if Delphinium and Aconitum are to become mutually monophyletic. Molecular clock dating suggests an origin of the sampled Delphinieae in the Early Oligocene (c. 32.3 Ma) and expansion to North America of Aconitum and Delphinium around 3.3 and 2.9 Ma ago, respectively; the East African Mts. were reached by long-distance dispersal some 2.4 Ma ago, coincident with the major uplift of the East African Rift system. The ancestral growth form of the Delphinieae could not be reconstructed, but Late Miocene bursts in diversification rates in the Himalayan and southwestern Chinese clades of Aconitum and Delphinium appear to be associated with transitions from short-lived to long-lived life histories. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Jabbour, Florian; Renner, Susanne S.] Univ Munich LMU, D-80638 Munich, Germany	Jabbour, F (reprint author), Univ Munich LMU, Menzinger Str 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany.	jabbour@bio.lmu.de		Jabbour, Florian/0000-0002-7729-1067	German Science Foundation (DFG) [RE 603/12-1]	The authors thank P. Lemey for advice about Bayesian ancestral area reconstruction in BEAST, R. Verlaque for discussion of Staphisagria, Q.E. Yang and Q. Yuan for providing material of three Chinese species, A. Rojas for sequencing East African species as part of an intensive research training project, the curators of G and MO for loan of material, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Financial support for FJ's project came from the German Science Foundation (DFG) Grant No. RE 603/12-1.	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Phylogenet. Evol.	MAR	2012	62	3					928	942		10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.005				15	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	892GS	WOS:000300275300014	22182994				2019-02-21	
J	Johnson, PTJ; Rohr, JR; Hoverman, JT; Kellermanns, E; Bowerman, J; Lunde, KB				Johnson, Pieter T. J.; Rohr, Jason R.; Hoverman, Jason T.; Kellermanns, Esra; Bowerman, Jay; Lunde, Kevin B.			Living fast and dying of infection: host life history drives interspecific variation in infection and disease risk	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						Amphibian decline; conservation; dilution effect; emerging disease; immunoecology; phylogenetic comparative methods; Ribeiroia ondatrae; trematode	WEST-NILE-VIRUS; IMMUNE DEFENSE; AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITY; TROPICAL BIRDS; TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGY; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; PARASITES; PATHOGEN	Parasite infections often lead to dramatically different outcomes among host species. Although an emerging body of ecoimmunological research proposes that hosts experience a fundamental trade-off between pathogen defences and life-history activities, this line of inquiry has rarely been extended to the most essential outcomes of host-pathogen interactions: namely, infection and disease pathology. Using a comparative experimental approach involving 13 amphibian host species and a virulent parasite, we test the hypothesis that pace-of-life predicts parasite infection and host pathology. Trematode exposure increased mortality and malformations in nine host species. After accounting for evolutionary history, species that developed quickly and metamorphosed smaller (fast-species) were particularly prone to infection and pathology. This pattern likely resulted from both weaker host defences and greater adaptation by parasites to infect common hosts. Broader integration between life history theory and disease ecology can aid in identifying both reservoir hosts and species at risk of disease-driven declines.	[Johnson, Pieter T. J.; Hoverman, Jason T.; Kellermanns, Esra] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA; [Bowerman, Jay] Sunriver Nat Ctr, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA; [Lunde, Kevin B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Johnson, PTJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.	pieter.johnson@colorado.edu	Hoverman, Jason/D-1756-2013; Lunde, Kevin/D-4202-2009	Hoverman, Jason/0000-0002-4002-2728; 	NSF [DEB-0553768]; US Department of Agriculture [NRI 2006-01370, 2009-35102-05043]; US Environmental Protection Agency [R833835]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation	For assistance in conducting experiments and collecting data, we thank E. Daly, S. Todd, R. Hartson, E. Preu, M. Redmond, M. McGrath, G. Cropsey, E. Holldorf, C. de Jesus, J. Jenkins, I. Buller, D. Larson, A. Price and B. LaFonte. Comments from R. Ostfeld, J. Cronin, two anonymous referees and members of the Johnson Lab helped shape the manuscript. M. Lajeunesse generously provided help with the phylogenetic analyses. This project was supported by grants from NSF (DEB-0553768 to PTJJ), the US Department of Agriculture (NRI 2006-01370, 2009-35102-05043 to JRR), the US Environmental Protection Agency (R833835 to JRR) and a fellowship from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (to PTJJ).	Arriero E, 2008, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V21, P1504, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01613.x; Blackwell AD, 2010, AM J HUM BIOL, V22, P836, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.21092; Borer ET, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P503, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0808778106; Burnham K. 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Lett.	MAR	2012	15	3					235	242		10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01730.x				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	887RH	WOS:000299946200008	22221837				2019-02-21	
J	Norse, EA; Brooke, S; Cheung, WWL; Clark, MR; Ekeland, L; Froese, R; Gjerde, KM; Haedrich, RL; Heppell, SS; Morato, T; Morgan, LE; Pauly, D; Sumaila, R; Watson, R				Norse, Elliott A.; Brooke, Sandra; Cheung, William W. L.; Clark, Malcolm R.; Ekeland, Lvar; Froese, Rainer; Gjerde, Kristina M.; Haedrich, Richard L.; Heppell, Selina S.; Morato, Telmo; Morgan, Lance E.; Pauly, Daniel; Sumaila, Rashid; Watson, Reg			Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries	MARINE POLICY			English	Article						Sustainability; Deep-sea fisheries; Fishery collapse; Fisheries economics; Clark's law; High seas	ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; APHANOPUS-CARBO LOWE; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ORANGE ROUGHY; EXTINCTION RISK; MARINE FISHES; BLACK SCABBARDFISH; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; POPULATION REGULATION; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC	As coastal fisheries around the world have collapsed, industrial fishing has spread seaward and deeper in pursuit of the last economically attractive concentrations of fishable biomass. For a seafood-hungry world depending on the oceans' ecosystem services, it is crucial to know whether deep-sea fisheries can be sustainable. The deep sea is by far the largest but least productive part of the oceans, although in very limited places fish biomass can be very high. Most deep-sea fishes have life histories giving them far less population resilience/productivity than shallow-water fishes, and could be fished sustainably only at very low catch rates if population resilience were the sole consideration. But like old-growth trees and great whales, their biomass makes them tempting targets while their low productivity creates strong economic incentive to liquidate their populations rather than exploiting them sustainably (Clark's Law). Many deep-sea fisheries use bottom trawls, which often have high impacts on nontarget fishes (e.g., sharks) and invertebrates (e.g., corals), and can often proceed only because they receive massive government subsidies. The combination of very low target population productivity, nonselective fishing gear, economics that favor population liquidation and a very weak regulatory regime makes deep-sea fisheries unsustainable with very few exceptions. Rather, deep-sea fisheries more closely resemble mining operations that serially eliminate fishable populations and move on. Instead of mining fish from the least-suitable places on Earth, an ecologically and economically preferable strategy would be rebuilding and sustainably fishing resilient populations in the most suitable places, namely shallower and more productive marine ecosystems that are closer to markets. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	[Norse, Elliott A.; Brooke, Sandra] Marine Conservat Inst, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA; [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; [Clark, Malcolm R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington 6021, New Zealand; [Ekeland, Lvar] Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; [Froese, Rainer] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; [Gjerde, Kristina M.] IUCN Global Marine Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland; [Haedrich, Richard L.] Mem Univ, Norwich, VT 05055 USA; [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA; [Morato, Telmo] Univ Acores, Dept Oceanografia & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal; [Morato, Telmo] Secretariat Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Program, Noumea, New Caledonia; [Morgan, Lance E.] Marine Conservat Inst, Glen Ellen, CA 95442 USA; [Pauly, Daniel; Sumaila, Rashid; Watson, Reg] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Norse, EA (reprint author), Marine Conservat Inst, 2122 112th Ave NE,Suite B-300, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA.	elliott.norse@marine-conservation.org	Morato, Telmo/A-4548-2009; Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Cheung, William/F-5104-2013; Froese, Rainer/C-9687-2009	Morato, Telmo/0000-0003-2393-4773; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045; Froese, Rainer/0000-0001-9745-636X			Allain V, 2001, FISH RES, V51, P165, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00243-0; Anderson OF, 2003, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V54, P643, DOI 10.1071/MF02163; [Anonymous], 2004, INT J MARINE COASTAL, V19, P209; Baker KD, 2009, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V85, P79, DOI 10.1007/s10641-009-9465-8; Bax NJ, 2005, FAO FISHERIES P, V3/1, P259; Bensch A., 2008, 522 FAO, P145; Berkeley SA, 2004, FISHERIES, V29, P23, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[23:FSVPOA]2.0.CO;2; Berkes F, 2006, SCIENCE, V311, P1557, DOI 10.1126/science.1122804; Bordalo-Machado P, 2009, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V19, P49, DOI 10.1007/s11160-008-9089-7; Borets LA, 1975, SOME RESULTS STUDIES, P82; Boyer DC, 2001, S AFR J MARINE SCI, V23, P205; Branch TA, 2001, S AFR J MARINE SCI, V23, P181; CAB International, 2002, PIN SILV IMP; Cavanagh RD, 2005, FAO FISHERIES P, V3/2, P366; Cheung WWL, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V333, P1, DOI 10.3354/meps333001; Cheung WWL, 2005, BIOL CONSERV, V124, P97, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.017; Chuenpagdee R, 2003, FRONT ECOL ENVIRON, V1, P517; Clark CW, 2010, LAND ECON, V86, P209, DOI 10.3368/le.86.2.209; CLARK CW, 1973, SCIENCE, V181, P630, DOI 10.1126/science.181.4100.630; CLARK CW, 1973, J POLIT ECON, V81, P950, DOI 10.1086/260090; Clark M, 2001, FISH RES, V51, P123, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00240-5; Clark M. 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MAR	2012	36	2					307	320		10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.008				14	Environmental Studies; International Relations	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations	864EH	WOS:000298219300001					2019-02-21	
J	Gaos, AR; Lewison, RL; Yanez, IL; Wallace, BP; Liles, MJ; Nichols, WJ; Baquero, A; Hasbun, CR; Vasquez, M; Urteaga, J; Seminoff, JA				Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Wallace, Bryan P.; Liles, Michael J.; Nichols, Wallace J.; Baquero, Andres; Hasbun, Carlos R.; Vasquez, Mauricio; Urteaga, Jose; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.			Shifting the life-history paradigm: discovery of novel habitat use by hawksbill turtles	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						Hawksbill; habitat use; mangroves; estuary; eastern Pacific; life history	SEA-TURTLES; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; POPULATION; MIGRATION	Adult hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are typically described as open-coast, coral reef and hard substrate dwellers. Here, we report new satellite tracking data on female hawksbills from several countries in the eastern Pacific that revealed previously undocumented behaviour for adults of the species. In contrast to patterns of habitat use exhibited by their Caribbean and Indo-Pacific counterparts, eastern Pacific hawksbills generally occupied inshore estuaries, wherein they had strong associations with mangrove saltwater forests. The use of inshore habitats and affinities with mangrove saltwater forests presents a previously unknown life-history paradigm for adult hawksbill turtles and suggests a potentially unique evolutionary trajectory for the species. Our findings highlight the variability in life-history strategies that marine turtles and other wide-ranging marine wildlife may exhibit among ocean regions, and the importance of understanding such disparities from an ecological and management perspective.	[Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Gaos, Alexander R.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Liles, Michael J.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA USA; [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA USA; [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA; [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA; [Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA; [Baquero, Andres] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador; [Baquero, Andres] Univ San Francisco Quito, Galapagos Inst Arts & Sci, Quito, Ecuador; [Hasbun, Carlos R.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador, El Salvador; [Vasquez, Mauricio] Univ El Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Dept Limnol & Ocean Sci, San Salvador, El Salvador; [Urteaga, Jose] Flora & Fauna Int, Managua, Nicaragua; [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA	Gaos, AR (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.	info@hawksbill.org			Southwest Fisheries Science Centre of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Machalilla National Park; Paso Pacifico; Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada; Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos; Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis; Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador; Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo; Los Zorros y Padre Ramos; Ocean Foundation	We thank Southwest Fisheries Science Centre of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Machalilla National Park, Paso Pacifico, Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada, Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos, Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador, Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo, Los Zorros y Padre Ramos and The Ocean Foundation for financial/logisitical support. We recognize the following individuals: Rene Flores, Cristabel Flores, Georgina Mariona, Wilfredo Lopez, Tarla Peterson, Sarah Otterstrom, Liza Gonzalez, Salvador Sanchez, Perla Torres, Eduardo Altamirano Urbina, Eddy Maradiaga, Luis Manzanares, Micaela Pena, Juan Pablo Munoz, Gabriela Anhalzer, Felipe Vallejo, Michelle Pico, Earl Possardt, Grover Jeane, Michael Carey, Philippe Gaspar, Remy Lopez, Michael Coyne and Harry Johnson. We acknowledge insightful reviewer comments by Graeme Hayes.	Allen MS, 2007, CORAL REEFS, V26, P959, DOI 10.1007/s00338-007-0234-x; Bjorndal KA, 2010, MAR BIOL, V157, P135, DOI 10.1007/s00227-009-1304-0; BOLTEN AB, 2003, BIOL SEA TURTLES, V2, P243; Bowen BW, 2007, MOL ECOL, V16, P4886, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03542.x; Gaos AR, 2010, ORYX, V44, P595, DOI 10.1017/S0030605310000773; Godley B. J., 2008, Endangered Species Research, V4, P3, DOI 10.3354/esr00060; Hasbun C. 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A., 2008, IUCN RED LIST THREAT; Phillips SJ, 2006, ECOL MODEL, V190, P231, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026; PLOTKIN P, 2003, BIOL SEA TURTLES, V2, P225; PRITCHARD PCH, 1984, TURTLES VENEZUELA, V2; Saba VS, 2008, ECOLOGY, V89, P1414, DOI 10.1890/07-0364.1; Schofield G, 2010, DIVERS DISTRIB, V16, P840, DOI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00694.x; Wallace B. P., 2009, ENDANGERED SPECIES R, V7, P1, DOI DOI 10.3354/ESR00177	23	20	24	0	54	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	FEB 23	2012	8	1					54	56		10.1098/rsbl.2011.0603				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	879IF	WOS:000299322200017	21880620	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Armstrong, G; Phillips, B				Armstrong, Graeme; Phillips, Ben			Fire History from Life-History: Determining the Fire Regime that a Plant Community Is Adapted Using Life-Histories	PLOS ONE			English	Article							NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; KIMBERLEY; LANDSCAPE; BIODIVERSITY; COEXISTENCE; CHALLENGES	Wildfire is a fundamental disturbance process in many ecological communities, and is critical in maintaining the structure of some plant communities. In the past century, changes in global land use practices have led to changes in fire regimes that have radically altered the composition of many plant communities. As the severe biodiversity impacts of inappropriate fire management regimes are recognized, attempts are being made to manage fires within a more 'natural' regime. In this aim, the focus has typically been on determining the fire regime to which the community has adapted. Here we take a subtly different approach and focus on the probability of a patch being burnt. We hypothesize that competing sympatric taxa from different plant functional groups are able to coexist due to the stochasticity of the fire regime, which creates opportunities in both time and space that are exploited differentially by each group. We exploit this situation to find the fire probability at which three sympatric grasses, from different functional groups, are able to co-exist. We do this by parameterizing a spatio-temporal simulation model with the life-history strategies of the three species and then search for the fire frequency and scale at which they are able to coexist when in competition. The simulation gives a clear result that these species only coexist across a very narrow range of fire probabilities centred at 0.2. Conversely, fire scale was found only to be important at very large scales. Our work demonstrates the efficacy of using competing sympatric species with different regeneration niches to determine the probability of fire in any given patch. Estimating this probability allows us to construct an expected historical distribution of fire return intervals for the community; a critical resource for managing fire-driven biodiversity in the face of a growing carbon economy and ongoing climate change.	[Armstrong, Graeme] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia; [Phillips, Ben] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Biodivers & Climate Change, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia	Armstrong, G (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.	graeme.armstrong@fba.org.au	Phillips, Ben/C-7957-2009; Research ID, CTBCC/O-3564-2014	Phillips, Ben/0000-0003-2580-2336; 	Australian Wildlife Conservancy; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment; Northern Territory Research and Innovation Fund; Australian Research Council	Financial support was provided by Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Australian Research Council, Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment, and the Northern Territory Research and Innovation Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	[Anonymous], 2009, S PLUS; Archibald S, 2010, INT J WILDLAND FIRE, V19, P861, DOI 10.1071/WF10008; Armstrong G, 2011, HEREDITY, V107, P558, DOI 10.1038/hdy.2011.42; Armstrong G, 2011, INT J WILDLAND FIRE, V20, P974, DOI 10.1071/WF10130; Armstrong G, 2011, AUSTRAL ECOL, V36, P849, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02228.x; Bond WJ, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P45, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)02033-4; Bond WJ, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P387, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.025; Bond WJ, 2005, NEW PHYTOL, V165, P525, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x; Bowman DMJS, 1998, NEW PHYTOL, V140, P385, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00289.x; Bunk S, 2004, PLOS BIOL, V2, P154, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020054; Crowley G, 2009, AUSTRAL ECOL, V34, P196, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01921.x; Duren OC, 2010, FIRE ECOL, V6, P76, DOI 10.4996/fireecology.0602076; Enright NJ, 2008, GEOGR COMPASS, V2, P979, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00126.x; ERNST WHO, 1992, VEGETATIO, V102, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00031700; Fensham RJ, 1997, J BIOGEOGR, V24, P11, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.1997.tb00046.x; Flannigan MD, 2009, INT J WILDLAND FIRE, V18, P483, DOI 10.1071/WF08187; Groeneveld J, 2002, J ECOL, V90, P762, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00712.x; GRUBB PJ, 1977, BIOL REV, V52, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1977.tb01347.x; Higgins SI, 2008, J ECOL, V96, P679, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01391.x; Higuera PE, 2011, HOLOCENE, V21, P327, DOI 10.1177/0959683610374882; Jongejans E, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P362, DOI 10.2307/3546752; Keith David, 1996, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, V116, P37; Keith DA, 2007, J ECOL, V95, P1324, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01302.x; Krawchuk MA, 2009, PLOS ONE, V4, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005102; Lavorel S, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P545, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00664.x; Legge Sarah, 2011, Ecological Management & Restoration, V12, P84, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2011.00595.x; Lehmann CER, 2008, J APPL ECOL, V45, P1304, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01496.x; Niklasson M, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1484; Noble J, 1996, J VEG SCI, V7, P329; ODOWD DJ, 1984, ECOLOGY, V65, P1052, DOI 10.2307/1938313; Ooi MKJ, 2006, INT J WILDLAND FIRE, V15, P261, DOI 10.1071/WF05024; Pausas JG, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1085, DOI 10.1890/02-4094; Preece N, 2002, J BIOGEOGR, V29, P321, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00677.x; R Development Core Team, 2010, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Russell-Smith J, 2003, INT J WILDLAND FIRE, V12, P283, DOI 10.1071/WF03015; Russell-Smith J, 2009, AUSTR J BOT, V58, P300; RussellSmith J, 1997, HUM ECOL, V25, P159, DOI 10.1023/A:1021970021670; Strassburg BBN, 2010, CONSERV LETT, V3, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00092.x; Thomas CD, 2004, NATURE, V427, P145, DOI 10.1038/nature02121; Thuiller W, 2007, PLOS ONE, V2, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000938; Tilman D, 2004, PNAS, V101, P19854; Vigilante T, 2004, AUST J BOT, V52, P405, DOI 10.1071/BT03157; WESTOBY M, 1988, AUST J ECOL, V13, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1988.tb00965.x; Wood SW, 2010, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V260, P438, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.04.037; Yates CP, 2008, INT J WILDLAND FIRE, V17, P768, DOI 10.1071/WF07150; Yates CJ, 2010, AUSTRAL ECOL, V35, P374, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02044.x	46	3	4	0	21	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE	SAN FRANCISCO	185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA	1932-6203			PLOS ONE	PLoS One	FEB 21	2012	7	2							e31544	10.1371/journal.pone.0031544				8	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	926ZM	WOS:000302873700068	22363670	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Koster, JM; Tankersley, KB				Koster, Jeremy M.; Tankersley, Kenneth B.			Heterogeneity of hunting ability and nutritional status among domestic dogs in lowland Nicaragua	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						Canis lupus familiaris; life history theory; Mayangna; Miskito; stable isotopes	PERFORMANCE; HUNTERS; SUCCESS; BOLIVIA; WOLVES; SIZE; AGE	In past and modern human societies, dogs have played an important role as hunting companions. Given considerable ethnographic evidence that dogs vary in their hunting abilities, this paper addresses the effects of key demographic variables, namely age and sex, on the amount of harvested game that dogs contribute in an indigenous Nicaraguan community. Controlling for variation in the time spent potentially hunting, male dogs and older dogs are significantly associated with greater harvests. These results may account for documented preferences for males in both archaeological and ethnographic contexts. Among societies in which dogs are used both as hunting companions and sources of food, the age-related delay in peak hunting ability also suggests a tradeoff that might explain the consumption of dogs shortly after they have reached adult size. Informant rankings of two cohorts of dogs indicate that residents of the community exhibit high agreement about the relative abilities of the dogs, and the rankings indicate that dogs from the same household exhibit comparable skill. There is little evidence that talented, highly-ranked dogs are provided a more nutritious diet, as measured by nitrogen-based and carbon-based isotopic analysis of hair samples. Overall, although dogs can be quite advantageous as hunting companions, this research suggests that the heterogeneity of hunting ability combines with the high mortality of dogs to impose risks on households that depend on dogs as a source of harvested meat.	[Koster, Jeremy M.; Tankersley, Kenneth B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Anthropol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA	Koster, JM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Anthropol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.	jeremy.koster@uc.edu			Fulbright Student Grant; National Science Foundation [BCS-0413037, BCS-0963752]; Hill Foundation; William Sanders dissertation grant; Charles Phelps Taft Research Center; Court Family Foundation; University of Cincinnati Research Council	We thank Jeff Winking, Mark Grote, Angela Perri, and Brooke Crowley for valuable suggestions. This research was supported by a Fulbright Student Grant, the National Science Foundation (BCS-0413037, BCS-0963752), the Hill Foundation, a William Sanders dissertation grant, the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center, the Court Family Foundation, and the University of Cincinnati Research Council.	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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	FEB 21	2012	109	8					E463	E470		10.1073/pnas.1112515109				8	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	895KM	WOS:000300495100003	22232662	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Zakas, C; Schult, N; McHugh, D; Jones, KL; Wares, JP				Zakas, Christina; Schult, Nancy; McHugh, Damhnait; Jones, Kenneth L.; Wares, John P.			Transcriptome Analysis and SNP Development Can Resolve Population Differentiation of Streblospio benedicti, a Developmentally Dimorphic Marine Annelid	PLOS ONE			English	Article							DEVELOPING SEA-URCHIN; CAPITELLA SP-I; HELIOCIDARIS-ERYTHROGRAMMA; NONSYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTIONS; POLYCHAETE STREBLOSPIO; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; LIFE-CYCLES; EVOLUTION	Next-generation sequencing technology is now frequently being used to develop genomic tools for non-model organisms, which are generally important for advancing studies of evolutionary ecology. One such species, the marine annelid Streblospio benedicti, is an ideal system to study the evolutionary consequences of larval life history mode because the species displays a rare offspring dimorphism termed poecilogony, where females can produce either many small offspring or a few large ones. To further develop S. benedicti as a model system for studies of life history evolution, we apply 454 sequencing to characterize the transcriptome for embryos, larvae, and juveniles of this species, for which no genomic resources are currently available. Here we performed a de novo alignment of 336,715 reads generated by a quarter GS-FLX (Roche 454) run, which produced 7,222 contigs. We developed a novel approach for evaluating the site frequency spectrum across the transcriptome to identify potential signatures of selection. We also developed 84 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for this species that are used to distinguish coastal populations of S. benedicti. We validated the SNPs by genotyping individuals of different developmental modes using the BeadXPress Golden Gate assay (Illumina). This allowed us to evaluate markers that may be associated with life-history mode.	[Zakas, Christina; Wares, John P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Schult, Nancy; McHugh, Damhnait] Colgate Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA	Zakas, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA.	christinazakas@gmail.com			Picker Interdisciplinary Science Institute at Colgate University; University of Georgia Research Foundation	Funds from the Picker Interdisciplinary Science Institute at Colgate University to DM, and the University of Georgia Research Foundation to JPW. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Bleu, J; Massot, M; Haussy, C; Meylan, S				Bleu, Josefa; Massot, Manuel; Haussy, Claudy; Meylan, Sandrine			Experimental litter size reduction reveals costs of gestation and delayed effects on offspring in a viviparous lizard	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						costs of reproduction; gestation; litter size reduction; maternal effect; surgery; viviparity	LACERTA ZOOTOCA VIVIPARA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TRADE-OFFS; NATURAL-SELECTION; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL COSTS; THERMAL PREFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; SCELOPORUS-JARROVI; EGG-PRODUCTION	Experimental studies have often been employed to study costs of reproduction, but rarely to study costs of gestation. Disentangling the relative importance of each stage of the reproductive cycle should help to assess the costs and benefits of different reproductive strategies. To that end, we experimentally reduced litter size during gestation in a viviparous lizard. We measured physiological and behavioural parameters during gestation and shortly after parturition, as well as survival and growth of females and their offspring. This study showed four major results. First, the experimental litter size reduction did not significantly affect the cellular immune response, the metabolism and the survival of adult females. Second, females with reduced litter size decreased their basking time. Third, these females also had an increased postpartum body condition. As postpartum body condition is positively related to future reproduction, this result indicates a gestation cost. Fourth, even though offspring from experimentally reduced litters had similar weight and size at birth as other offspring, their growth rate after birth was significantly increased. This shows the existence of a maternal effect during gestation with delayed consequences. This experimental study demonstrates that there are some costs to gestation, but it also suggests that some classical trade-offs associated with reproduction may not be explained by gestation costs.	[Bleu, Josefa; Massot, Manuel; Haussy, Claudy; Meylan, Sandrine] ENS, UPMC, Lab Ecol & Evolut, CNRS,UMR 7625, F-75005 Paris, France; [Meylan, Sandrine] Univ Paris 04, IUFM Paris, F-75016 Paris, France	Bleu, J (reprint author), ENS, UPMC, Lab Ecol & Evolut, CNRS,UMR 7625, 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.	josefa.bleu@snv.jussieu.fr	Bleu, Josefa/B-2574-2009	Bleu, Josefa/0000-0002-3403-8272; Massot, Manuel/0000-0002-2762-4417	Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [07-BLAN-0217]; Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche	We are grateful to the Parc National des Cevennes and the Office National des Forets for providing facilities during our field seasons. We thank the students who helped collecting data, especially Lydie Blottiere, Adelaide Roguet and Melodie Tort. The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (grant 07-BLAN-0217 to M. M.) and the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (PhD grant to J.B.) supported this study. All experiments complied with the current laws of France.	Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Andrews R.M., 1982, Biology of Reptilia, V13, P273; ANDREWS RM, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P214, DOI 10.1086/physzool.58.2.30158569; Angilletta MJ, 2000, FUNCT ECOL, V14, P39, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00387.x; AVERY RA, 1974, J ZOOL, V173, P419, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb04124.x; Bardsen BJ, 2009, OIKOS, V118, P837, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17414.x; BAUWENS D, 1985, J HERPETOL, V19, P353, DOI 10.2307/1564263; Belliure J, 2004, J EXP ZOOL PART A, V301A, P401, DOI 10.1002/jez.a.20066; Blackburn D.G., 1999, ENCY REPROD, P994; Bolker BM, 2009, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V24, P127, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.008; Burnham K. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	FEB 7	2012	279	1728					489	498		10.1098/rspb.2011.0966				10	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	870ID	WOS:000298661700010	21715409	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Westley, PAH; Conway, CM; Fleming, IA				Westley, Peter A. H.; Conway, Corinne M.; Fleming, Ian A.			Phenotypic divergence of exotic fish populations is shaped by spatial proximity and habitat differences across an invaded landscape	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						allometry; biological invasions; coloration patterns; geometric morphometrics; microevolution; phenotypic divergence with distance; phenotypic plasticity; salmonid fishes	TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L.; BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAPID EVOLUTION; GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS; LOUGH MELVIN; STREAM FISH; COHO SALMON	Background: Brown trout (Salmo trutta) were introduced into, and subsequently colonized, a number of disparate watersheds on the island of Newfoundland, Canada (110,638 km(2)), starting in 1883. Questions: Do environmental features of recently invaded habitats shape population-level phenotypic variability? Are patterns of phenotypic variability suggestive of parallel adaptive divergence? And does the extent of phenotypic divergence increase as a function of distance between populations? Hypotheses: Populations that display similar phenotypes will inhabit similar environments. Patterns in morphology, coloration, and growth in an invasive stream-dwelling fish should be consistent with adaptation, and populations closer to each other should be more similar than should populations that are farther apart. Organism and study system: Sixteen brown trout populations of probable common descent, inhabiting a gradient of environments. These populations include the most ancestral (similar to 130 years old) and most recently established (similar to 20 years old). Analytical methods: We used multivariate statistical techniques to quantify morphological (e.g. body shape via geometric morphometrics and linear measurements of traits), meristic (e.g. counts of pigmentation spots), and growth traits from 1677 individuals. To account for ontogenetic and allometric effects on morphology, we conducted separate analyses on three distinct size/age classes. We used the BIO-ENV routine and Mantel tests to measure the correlation between phenotypic and habitat features. Results: Phenotypic similarity was significantly correlated with environmental similarity, especially in the larger size classes of fish. The extent to which these associations between phenotype and habitat result from parallel evolution, adaptive phenotypic plasticity, or historical founder effects is not known. Observed patterns of body shape and fin sizes were generally consistent with predictions of adaptive trait patterns, but other traits showed less consistent patterns with habitat features. Phenotypic differences increased as a function of straight-line distance (km) between watersheds and to a lesser extent fish dispersal distances, which suggests habitat has played a more significant role in shaping population phenotypes compared with founder effects. Conclusion: Recently established brown trout populations exhibit phenotype-by-environment correlations consistent with adaptation to newly encountered environments, a characteristic that may aid their spread to additional systems.	[Westley, Peter A. H.; Conway, Corinne M.; Fleming, Ian A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF, Canada	Westley, PAH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	resolute@uw.edu	Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012		Conservation Corps of Newfoundland and Labrador; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada	We thank Haley Cohen, Claire Lewis, Chris Corcoran, and Cameron Tobin for their assistance during the 2008 field season. Ryan Stanley assisted us greatly in the colour analysis and Mike Kinnison provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by The Conservation Corps of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.	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J	Klepaker, T; Ostbye, K; Bernatchez, L; Vollestad, LA				Klepaker, Tom; Ostbye, Kjartan; Bernatchez, Louis; Vollestad, L. Asbjorn			Spatio-temporal patterns in pelvic reduction in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in Lake Storvatnet	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						assortative mating; natural selection; ontogeny; pelvic reduction; regressive evolution; structural mutation dynamics	MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; LATERAL-PLATE REDUCTION; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; FRESH-WATER; SYMPATRIC STICKLEBACKS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COALESCENT APPROACH; MIGRATION RATES; SPECIES-PAIR	Questions: The pelvic girdle with associated spines is an integrated anti-predator defence apparatus, and is assumed to protect against piscivores in the threespine stickleback. On the other hand, it might be costly to produce the pelvic apparatus in ion-poor and mineral-challenging freshwater. Hypothesis: Stickleback with a reduced pelvic apparatus should use more shelter and be more nocturnal, avoiding predation risk. In contrast, stickleback with a well-developed pelvic apparatus should have reduced mortality during ontogeny in encounters with piscivores and thus have a longer expected lifespan. Given these two life-history strategies, we expect assortative mating as a result of divergent selection. Organism: Marine and freshwater threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Places and times: Two representative ancestral marine populations and 36 freshwater populations in northwestern Norway (Lake Storvatnet, the main focus of the study, and three lakes downstream of it). Material was collected from 2006 to 2009. Analytical methods: We categorized nominal pelvic apparatus development (CPS morphs) in all fish, and measured metrics associated with these categories in a subsample. We also studied temporal, spatial, and habitat variation in the distribution of pelvic morphs in Lake Storvatnet. In this population, and downstream populations, we contrasted the detailed pelvic morphology with the measured genetic diversity (microsatellites), also estimating gene flow. In Lake Storvatnet, we tested for genetic divergence and signs of potential build-up of reproductive isolation via assortative mating among the observed nominal categories of pelvic reduction (CPS). Results: Pelvic reduction was seen only in Lake Storvatnet, where more than 50% of fish had a reduced pelvis. The distribution of pelvic morphs was stable over time and did not differ between habitats. The proportion of fish with pelvic reduction decreased with age. Freshwater stickleback tended to have a smaller pelvis than marine fish. The Lake Storvatnet stickleback were genetically differentiated from the downstream Lake Gjerhaugsvatn population, and both of these were different from the marine populations, with little gene flow among populations. No apparent genetic structure was found between CPS morphs within Lake Storvatnet. However, genetic factorial correspondence axes were significantly correlated with pelvic principal component axes in Lake Storvatnet, suggesting some phenotype x genetic association. Conclusion: The weak association between phenotypes and genetic structure observed in this study may reflect the build-up of early steps of reproductive isolation. Given time, such mechanisms may lead to the evolution of assortative mating, which may drive adaptive pelvic morphs (niche peaks), further resulting in genetically divergent populations and pelvic morphs.	[Klepaker, Tom] Univ Bergen, Aquat Behav Ecol Res Grp, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Ostbye, Kjartan; Vollestad, L. Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, CEES, Dept Biol, Oslo, Norway; [Ostbye, Kjartan] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Elverum, Norway; [Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, IBIS, Quebec City, PQ, Canada	Klepaker, T (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Aquat Behav Ecol Res Grp, Dept Biol, POB 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.	tom.klepaker@bio.uib.no		Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn/0000-0002-9389-7982	Research Council of Norway	This study received support from the Research Council of Norway. We wish to thank the Froskeland landowner-association and Ole Jonny Brenna for help during sample collection, accommodation, a boat, and permission for gill-net fishing. We acknowledge Vicky Albert and Guillaume Cote for conducting most of the genetic laboratory work. Thanks to Sean Rogers, Dolph Schluter, and Catherine Peichel for access to and help with microsatellite marker selection. Thanks to Torstein Pedersen and Rune Knudsen for access to the Barents Sea sample.	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Ecol. Res.	FEB	2012	14	2					169	191						23	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	020BZ	WOS:000309784900003					2019-02-21	
J	Lebreton, JD; Devillard, S; Popy, S; Desprez, M; Besnard, A; Gaillard, JM				Lebreton, Jean-Dominique; Devillard, Sebastien; Popy, Simon; Desprez, Marine; Besnard, Aurelien; Gaillard, Jean-Michel			Towards a vertebrate demographic data bank	JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Article						Population dynamics; Demography; Comparative approach; Databases; Vertebrates	LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; REEVALUATION; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; TACTICS; MAMMALS	The development of computers, appropriate statistical methodology and specialized software has induced an explosion in empirical research on vertebrate population dynamics. Many long-term programs have led to impressive datasets and to the publication of hundreds of estimates of vital rates critical to many areas of ecology: evolution of life history strategies, conservation biology, behavioral ecology, population management, etc. Such estimates are still usually available through regular scientific articles, and their use for comparative purposes suffers from several shortcomings: duplication of technical work, lack of evaluation of methodological bias, and difficulties in linking vital rates estimates with other basic traits such as body size. It thus seems it is time to propose a demographic databank to collect the information on vertebrate demography published and being published and make it widely available. The resulting database should become the equivalent for vertebrate demography to what "Genbank" is for DNA sequences. Bird demography has a critical mass of knowledge adequate for a first step. This paper reviews, based on a prototype database, the outline of such a project of demographic database: type of data and estimates stored, assessment of methodology and data quality, data documentation, taxonomical and phylogenetical information, link with other existing biodiversity databases, procedures for depositing information, links with scientific journals, etc. The contours of a collaborative group to launch such a project are also discussed.	[Lebreton, Jean-Dominique; Popy, Simon; Desprez, Marine; Besnard, Aurelien] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France; [Devillard, Sebastien; Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France	Lebreton, JD (reprint author), CNRS, CEFE, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.	jean-dominique.lebreton@cefe.cnrs.fr	Desprez, Marine/I-8054-2014	Gaillard, Jean-Michel/0000-0003-0174-8451			Beissinger SR, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P11688, DOI 10.1073/pnas.97.22.11688; Beissinger SR, 2002, POPULATION VIABILITY; Benson DA, 2008, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V36, pD25, DOI 10.1093/nar/gkm929; BERGMANN C, 1847, GOETTINGER STUDIEN 1, P595; Bielby J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P748, DOI 10.1086/516847; Blackburn Tim M., 1999, Diversity and Distributions, V5, P165, DOI 10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00046.x; Borer E.T., 2009, B ECOL SOC AM, V90, P205, DOI DOI 10.1890/0012-9623-90.2.205; Caswell H., 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Ceri S, 1991, CONCEPTUAL DATA BASE; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Clobert J, 1998, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V11, P329; CLOBERT J, 1991, BIRD POPULATION STUD, P75; Collar N. 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K., 2002, B ECOL SOC AM, V83, P149; Thomson DL, 2009, ENVIRON ECOL STAT SE, V3, P1099, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_51; Weimerskirch H, 1997, BIOL CONSERV, V79, P257, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00084-5; Whitlock MC, 2010, AM NAT, V175, pE45, DOI 10.1086/650340	45	5	5	0	23	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0021-8375			J ORNITHOL	J. Ornithol.	FEB	2012	152			2			S617	S624		10.1007/s10336-010-0582-0				8	Ornithology	Zoology	016RZ	WOS:000309538300029					2019-02-21	
J	Barberan, A; Bates, ST; Casamayor, EO; Fierer, N				Barberan, Albert; Bates, Scott T.; Casamayor, Emilio O.; Fierer, Noah			Using network analysis to explore co-occurrence patterns in soil microbial communities	ISME JOURNAL			English	Article						co-occurrence; soil; network analysis; community ecology; pyrosequencing; 16S rRNA gene	RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SEQUENCE DATA; DIVERSITY; ARCHAEA; SCALE; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONTRASTS; BIOSPHERE; ABUNDANCE	Exploring large environmental datasets generated by high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies requires new analytical approaches to move beyond the basic inventory descriptions of the composition and diversity of natural microbial communities. In order to investigate potential interactions between microbial taxa, network analysis of significant taxon co-occurrence patterns may help to decipher the structure of complex microbial communities across spatial or temporal gradients. Here, we calculated associations between microbial taxa and applied network analysis approaches to a 16S rRNA gene barcoded pyrosequencing dataset containing >160 000 bacterial and archaeal sequences from 151 soil samples from a broad range of ecosystem types. We described the topology of the resulting network and defined operational taxonomic unit categories based on abundance and occupancy (that is, habitat generalists and habitat specialists). Co-occurrence patterns were readily revealed, including general non-random association, common life history strategies at broad taxonomic levels and unexpected relationships between community members. Overall, we demonstrated the potential of exploring inter-taxa correlations to gain a more integrated understanding of microbial community structure and the ecological rules guiding community assembly. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 343-351; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2011.119; published online 8 September 2011	[Barberan, Albert; Casamayor, Emilio O.] CSIC, Dept Continental Ecol, Biogeodynam & Biodivers Grp, CEAB, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain; [Bates, Scott T.; Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Fierer, Noah] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA	Barberan, A (reprint author), CSIC, Dept Continental Ecol, Biogeodynam & Biodivers Grp, CEAB, Acces Cala St Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain.	abarberan@ceab.csic.es	Casamayor, Emilio/A-3676-2010; Barberan, Albert/A-5319-2013	Casamayor, Emilio/0000-0001-7074-3318; 	Spanish FPU; EOC from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [CGL2009-13318, GRACCIE CSD2007-00067]	We thank members of the Fierer lab, particularly Chris Lauber, Kelly Ramirez and Bob Bowers. We also thank Antoni Fernandez-Guerra in the Casamayor lab for QIIME installation and optimization in the CSIC-Blanes server, and members of the Rob Knight lab in UC, particularly Greg Caporaso for computational support and the development of QIIME. AB is supported by the Spanish FPU predoctoral scholarship program and EOC by grants PIRENA CGL2009-13318 and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 GRACCIE CSD2007-00067 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN).	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FEB	2012	6	2					343	351		10.1038/ismej.2011.119				9	Ecology; Microbiology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology	901RJ	WOS:000300984200012	21900968	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Niehaus, AC; Angilletta, MJ; Sears, MW; Franklin, CE; Wilson, RS				Niehaus, Amanda C.; Angilletta, Michael J., Jr.; Sears, Michael W.; Franklin, Craig E.; Wilson, Robbie S.			Predicting the physiological performance of ectotherms in fluctuating thermal environments	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						acclimation; development; growth; reaction norm; temperature	FROG LIMNODYNASTES-PERONII; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; OF-ALL-TEMPERATURES; STRIPED MARSH FROG; REACTION NORMS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TIME CONSTRAINTS; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER	Physiological ecologists have long sought to understand the plasticity of organisms in environments that vary widely among years, seasons and even hours. This is now even more important because human-induced climate change is predicted to affect both the mean and variability of the thermal environment. Although environmental change occurs ubiquitously, relatively few researchers have studied the effects of fluctuating environments on the performance of developing organisms. Even fewer have tried to validate a framework for predicting performance in fluctuating environments. Here, we determined whether reaction norms based on performance at constant temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30 and 34 degrees C) could be used to predict embryonic and larval performance of anurans at fluctuating temperatures (18-28 degrees C and 18-34C). Based on existing theory, we generated hypotheses about the effects of stress and acclimation on the predictability of performance in variable environments. Our empirical models poorly predicted the performance of striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii) at fluctuating temperatures, suggesting that extrapolation from studies conducted under artificial thermal conditions would lead to erroneous conclusions. During the majority of ontogenetic stages, growth and development in variable environments proceeded more rapidly than expected, suggesting that acute exposures to extreme temperatures enable greater performance than do chronic exposures. Consistent with theory, we predicted performance more accurately for the less variable thermal environment. Our results underscore the need to measure physiological performance under naturalistic thermal conditions when testing hypotheses about thermal plasticity or when parameterizing models of life-history evolution.	[Niehaus, Amanda C.; Franklin, Craig E.; Wilson, Robbie S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4068, Australia; [Angilletta, Michael J., Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Sears, Michael W.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Biol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA	Wilson, RS (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4068, Australia.	r.wilson@uq.edu.au	Franklin, Craig/G-7343-2012	Franklin, Craig/0000-0003-1315-3797	Ecological Society of Australia; International Postgraduate Research Scholarship; UQ Graduate School; Australian Research Council (ARC)	A.C.N. was supported by a student research grant from the Ecological Society of Australia, an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and a UQ Graduate School Scholarship. R.S.W. was supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Postdoctoral Fellowship.	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Exp. Biol.	FEB	2012	215	4					694	701		10.1242/jeb.058032				8	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	890ZO	WOS:000300185900020	22279077	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Le Galliard, JF; Remy, A; Ims, RA; Lambin, X				Le Galliard, Jean-Francois; Remy, Alice; Ims, Rolf A.; Lambin, Xavier			Patterns and processes of dispersal behaviour in arvicoline rodents	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Article						condition-dependent dispersal; mammals; mating systems; natal and breeding dispersal; sex-biased dispersal	VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; RED-BACKED VOLES; CLETHRIONOMYS-RUFOCANUS-BEDFORDIAE; SPATIALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; MOTHER-OFFSPRING INTERACTIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENT DISPERSAL; AFFECT NATAL DISPERSAL; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; SPACE-USE RESPONSES; GREY-SIDED VOLE	A good understanding of mammalian societies requires measuring patterns and comprehending processes of dispersal in each sex. We investigated dispersal behaviour in arvicoline rodents, a subfamily of mammals widespread in northern temperate environments and characterized by a multivoltine life cycle. In arvicoline rodents, variation in life history strategies occurs along a continuum from precocial to delayed maturation that reflects seasonal and ecological fluctuations. We compared dispersal across and within species focusing on the effects of external (condition-dependent) and internal (phenotype-dependent) factors. Our data revealed substantial, unexplained variation between species for dispersal distances and a strong variation within species for both dispersal distance and fraction. Some methodological aspects explained variation across studies, which cautions against comparisons that do not control for them. Overall, the species under consideration display frequent short-distance dispersal events and extremely flexible dispersal strategies, but they also have hitherto unexpected capacity to disperse long distances. Female arvicolines are predominantly philopatric relative to males, but we found no clear association between the mating system and the degree of sex bias in dispersal across species. Dispersal is a response to both various proximate and ultimate factors, including competition, inbreeding avoidance, mate searching and habitat quality. In particular, our review suggests that costs and benefits experienced during transience and settlement are prime determinants of condition dependence. Patterns of phenotype-dependent dispersal are idiosyncratic, except for a widespread association between an exploration/activity syndrome and natal dispersal. Consequences for population dynamics and genetic structures are discussed.	[Le Galliard, Jean-Francois] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Ecol Evolut, UMR 7625, F-75005 Paris, France; [Le Galliard, Jean-Francois] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS ENS, CEREEP Ecotron IleDeFrance, UMS 3194, F-77140 St Pierre Les Nemours, France; [Remy, Alice] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway; [Remy, Alice] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; [Ims, Rolf A.] Univ Tromso, Inst Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9073 Tromso, Norway; [Lambin, Xavier] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland	Le Galliard, JF (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Ecol Evolut, UMR 7625, Case 237,7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.	galliard@biologie.ens.fr	Le Galliard, Jean-Francois/E-8702-2011; Lambin, Xavier/E-8284-2011	Le Galliard, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-5965-9868; Lambin, Xavier/0000-0003-4643-2653	Norwegian Research Council (NFR) [182612]; Region Ile-de-France R2DS program [2007-06]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [07-JCJC-0120]; Leverhulme Trust [RF-2011-304]	We thank Nicolas Perrin, Nelly Menard, Eric Petit and Jean-Sebastien Pierre for their patience during the slow writing of this manuscript after the conference 'Social systems: demographic and genetic issues' organized in Rennes. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Eric Petit for comments that substantially improved a previous version of the manuscript. This study was funded by a grant from the Norwegian Research Council (NFR project 182612). J.-F. L. G was supported by the Region Ile-de-France R2DS program (grant 2007-06) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR grant 07-JCJC-0120). XL was supported in part by a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship (RF-2011-304).	Aars J, 2006, MOL ECOL, V15, P1455, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02889.x; Aars J, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P204, DOI 10.2307/3546487; Aars J, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P252, DOI 10.1086/303317; Aars J, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P1383, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00487.x; Adams RI, 2010, WEST N AM NATURALIST, V70, P296, DOI 10.3398/064.070.0303; Anderson P. 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E., 2005, MAMMAL SPECIES WORLD, P142; Witt WC, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P1597, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-9-1597; Wolff JO, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P945, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96136.x; Wolff JO, 2007, RODENT SOC ECOLOGICA, V1th, P610	136	41	41	3	85	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0962-1083			MOL ECOL	Mol. Ecol.	FEB	2012	21	3			SI		505	523		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05410.x				19	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	875LW	WOS:000299032600005	22211403	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Lutermann, H; Medger, K; Horak, IG				Lutermann, Heike; Medger, Katarina; Horak, Ivan G.			Effects of life-history traits on parasitism in a monogamous mammal, the eastern rock sengi (Elephantulus myurus)	NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN			English	Article						Macroscelidea; Rhipicephalus; Monogamy; Sex-biased parasitism; Tick burden	SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; HOST-NEMATODE SYSTEM; MALE RED GROUSE; IXODID TICKS; BIASED PARASITISM; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; SHREWS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; ECTOPARASITES; TESTOSTERONE	The distribution of parasites is often characterised by substantial aggregation with a small proportion of hosts harbouring the majority of parasites. This pattern can be generated by abiotic and biotic factors that affect hosts and determine host exposure and susceptibility to parasites. Climate factors can change a host's investment in life-history traits (e. g. growth, reproduction) generating temporal patterns of parasite aggregation. Similarly, host age may affect such investment. Furthermore, sex-biased parasitism is common among vertebrates and has been linked to sexual dimorphism in morphology, behaviour and physiology. Studies exploring sex-biased parasitism have been almost exclusively conducted on polygynous species where dimorphic traits are often correlated. We investigated the effects of season and life-history traits on tick loads of the monogamous eastern rock sengi (Elephantulus myurus). We found larger tick burdens during the non-breeding season possibly as a result of energetic constraints and/or climate effects on the tick. Reproductive investment resulted in increased larval abundance for females but not males and may be linked to sex-specific life-history strategies. The costs of reproduction could also explain the observed age effect with yearling individuals harbouring lower larval burdens than adults. Although adult males had the greatest larval tick loads, host sex appears to play a minor role in generating the observed parasite heterogeneities. Our study suggests that reproductive investment plays a major role for parasite patterns in the study species.	[Lutermann, Heike; Medger, Katarina] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0028 Hatfield, South Africa; [Horak, Ivan G.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa	Lutermann, H (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, Private Bag X20, ZA-0028 Hatfield, South Africa.	hlutermann@zoology.up.ac.za	Lutermann, Heike/A-4692-2008	Lutermann, Heike/0000-0002-7521-2302; Medger, Katarina/0000-0003-4964-6761	National Research Foundation (NRF); University of Pretoria	We thank the management, particularly D. Dewsnap, and staff of the Goro Game Reserve for permission to collect animals in the reserve and their continuous support. A. Harwood, A. Kohler, W. Matten, K. Ntuli, A. Prins, L. Riato and M. Sebonego are thanked for help during the field work. The manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers. KM acknowledges a doctoral grant from the National Research Foundation (NRF), HL a Research Fellowship from the University of Pretoria and IGH funding from the University of Pretoria and the NRF.	Altizer S, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P467, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00879.x; Benoit JB, 2010, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V56, P1366, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.014; Boyer N, 2010, J ANIM ECOL, V79, P538, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01659.x; Burnham K. 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J	Hettyey, A; Vagi, B; Torok, J; Hoi, H				Hettyey, Attila; Balazs Vagi; Janos Toeroek; Hoi, Herbert			Allocation in reproduction is not tailored to the probable number of matings in common toad (Bufo bufo) males	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						Life history; Natural history; Potential reproductive rate; Repeated mating; Reproductive success; Resource allocation	FROGS RANA-TEMPORARIA; SEXUAL SELECTION; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; INDETERMINATE GROWTH; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; NEOTROPICAL FROG; MATE CHOICE; BODY-SIZE; MID-WALES	The theory of life history evolution assumes trade-offs between competing fitness traits such as reproduction, somatic growth, and maintenance. One prediction of this theory is that if large individuals have a higher reproductive success, small/young individuals should invest less in reproduction and allocate more resources in growth than large/old individuals. We tested this prediction using the common toad (Bufo bufo), a species where mating success of males is positively related to their body size. We measured testes mass, soma mass, and sperm stock size in males of varying sizes that were either (1) re-hibernated at the start of the breeding season, (2) kept without females throughout the breeding season, or (3) repeatedly provided with gravid females. In the latter group, we also estimated fertilization success and readiness to re-mate. Contrary to our predictions, the relationship between testes mass and soma mass was isometric, sperm stock size relative to testes mass was unrelated to male size, fertilization success was not higher in matings with larger males, and smaller males were not less likely to engage in repeated matings than larger males. These results consistently suggest that smaller males did not invest less in reproduction to be able to allocate more in growth than larger males. Causes for this unexpected result may include relatively low year-to-year survival, unpredictable between-year variation in the strength of sexual selection and low return rates of lowered reproductive investment.	[Hettyey, Attila; Hoi, Herbert] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, A-1160 Vienna, Austria; [Hettyey, Attila; Hoi, Herbert] Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria; [Balazs Vagi; Janos Toeroek] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Behav Ecol Grp, Dept Systemat Zool & Ecol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary	Hettyey, A (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Savoyenstr 1 A, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.	hettyeyattila@yahoo.de	Torok, Janos/C-6144-2008	Torok, Janos/0000-0002-4799-5522; Hettyey, Attila/0000-0003-0678-0936	Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) [F-61374]; Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P19264]	We would like to thank Eszter Soltesz-Katona, Zoltan Soltesz, and Mark Szederkenyi for their help in the field, Dustin Penn for continuing support, Goran Arnqvist for a fruitful discussion on the theoretical background, Leif Engqvist for statistical advice, and Yoshan Moodley for comments on the manuscript. We would also like to thank the Kozep-Duna-Volgyi KTVF for issuing the permission to conduct the experiment (No. 13369-2/2008) and the Pilisi Parkerdo Zrt. for allowing us to use their roads. Animals were treated in accordance with the Hungarian Act of Animal Care and Experimentation (1998. XXVIII. Section 243/1998). Research was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA, F-61374), the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, P19264).	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R, 1981, BIOMETRY; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TABORSKY M, 1994, ADV STUD BEHAV, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60351-4; TEJEDO M, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V44, P557, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(92)90065-H; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Waelti MO, 2007, OECOLOGIA, V152, P415, DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0671-9; WARNER RR, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P148, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00268.x; WELLS KD, 1977, ANIM BEHAV, V25, P666, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(77)90118-X; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461	59	2	2	0	14	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0340-5443	1432-0762		BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	FEB	2012	66	2					201	208		10.1007/s00265-011-1267-2				8	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	891WS	WOS:000300248100004					2019-02-21	
J	Brodersen, J; Malmquist, HJ; Landkildehus, F; Lauridsen, TL; Amsinck, SL; Bjerring, R; Sondergaard, M; Johansson, LS; Christoffersen, KS; Jeppesen, E				Brodersen, Jakob; Malmquist, Hilmar J.; Landkildehus, Frank; Lauridsen, Torben L.; Amsinck, Susanne L.; Bjerring, Rikke; Sondergaard, Martin; Johansson, Liselotte S.; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Jeppesen, Erik			Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						Niche complexity; Stable isotopes; Trout; Stickleback; Aquatic ecology; Faroe Islands	CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; SUB-ARCTIC LAKE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; POECILIA-RETICULATA; BENTHIC PATHWAYS; NUTRIENT STATE; POPULATIONS; DEPTH	Trophic niche divergence is considered to be a major process by which species coexistence is facilitated. When studying niche segregation in lake ecosystems, we tend to view the niche on a one-dimensional pelagic-littoral axis. In reality, however, the niche use may be more complex and individual fidelity to a niche may be variable both between and within populations. In order to study this complexity, relative simple systems with few species are needed. In this paper, we study how competitor presence affects the resource use of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in 11 species-poor Faroese lakes by comparing relative abundance, stable isotope ratios and diet in multiple habitats. In the presence of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a higher proportion of the trout population was found in the pelagic habitat, and trout in general relied on a more pelagic diet base as compared to trout living in allopatry or in sympatry with Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Diet analyses revealed, however, that niche-segregation may be more complex than described on a one-dimensional pelagic-littoral axis. Trout from both littoral and offshore benthic habitats had in the presence of sticklebacks a less benthic diet as compared to trout living in allopatry or in sympatry with charr. Furthermore, we found individual habitat specialization between littoral/benthic and pelagic trout in deep lakes. Hence, our findings indicate that for trout populations interspecific competition can drive shifts in both habitat and niche use, but at the same time they illustrate the complexity of the ecological niche in freshwater ecosystems.	[Brodersen, Jakob; Landkildehus, Frank; Lauridsen, Torben L.; Amsinck, Susanne L.; Bjerring, Rikke; Sondergaard, Martin; Johansson, Liselotte S.; Jeppesen, Erik] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; [Brodersen, Jakob] Lund Univ, Dept Biol Aquat Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Malmquist, Hilmar J.] Nat Hist Museum Kopavogur, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.] Univ Copenhagen, Freshwater Biol Lab, DK-3400 Hillerod, Denmark; [Jeppesen, Erik] Greenland Climate Res Ctr GCRC, Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland; [Jeppesen, Erik] Sino Danish Ctr Educ & Res SDC, Beijing, Peoples R China	Brodersen, J (reprint author), EAWAG Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Fish Ecol & Evolut, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Biochem, Seestr 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.	jakob.brodersen@eawag.ch	Sondergaard, Martin/J-2478-2013; Jeppesen, Erik/A-4463-2012; Lauridsen, Torben/K-9417-2013; Bjerring, Rikke/J-4869-2013	Jeppesen, Erik/0000-0002-0542-369X; Bjerring, Rikke/0000-0003-0393-3044; Sondergaard, Martin/0000-0002-1514-0482; Lauridsen, Torben/0000-0003-0139-2395	Carlsberg Foundation; Nordic Arctic Research Programme; Danish North Atlantic Research Programme; EU; REFRESH; CRES; Greenland Research Centre; Galathea	We are grateful to Jane Stougaard Pedersen, Karina Jensen and Lissa Skov Hansen for identification of zooplankton samples. Special thanks go to Kirsten Landkildehus Thomsen for chemical analysis and Anne Mette Poulsen for manuscript editing. We also wish to thank Juana Jacobsen and Kathe Mogelvang for graphical layout. The project was partly funded by the Carlsberg Foundation, The Nordic Arctic Research Programme 1999-2003 and The Danish North Atlantic Research Programme. The study was also supported by the EU projects EUROLIMPACS (www.eurolimpacs.ucl.ac.uk) and WISER (www.wiser.eu), REFRESH, CRES, Greenland Research Centre and by Galathea 3. Furthermore, we thank Andy Jones, Geraldine Thiere and Karin Olsson for valuable comments on the manuscript.	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Biol. Fishes	FEB	2012	93	3					305	318		10.1007/s10641-011-9914-z				14	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	885HC	WOS:000299768600001					2019-02-21	
J	McMillan, JR; Dunham, JB; Reeves, GH; Mills, JS; Jordan, CE				McMillan, John R.; Dunham, Jason B.; Reeves, Gordon H.; Mills, Justin S.; Jordan, Chris E.			Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						Rainbow trout; Steelhead trout; Alternative male phenotypes; Resident male maturity; Anadromy; Life history	SALMO-SALAR L; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY TACTICS; BODY-SIZE; BROWN TROUT; BROOK CHARR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; MATING SYSTEM; PARR	Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were sampled from the John Day River basin in northeast Oregon where both anadromous ("steelhead") and freshwater resident rainbow trout coexist. Larger males with higher lipid levels had a greater probability of maturing as a resident at age-1+. Among males, 38% were maturing overall, and the odds ratios of the logistic model indicated that the probability of a male maturing early as a resident at age-1+ increased 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-81%) for every 5 mm increase in length and 33% (95% CI = 10-61%) for every 0.5% increase in whole body lipid content. There was an inverse association between individual condition and water temperature as growth was greater in warmer streams while whole body lipid content was higher in cooler streams. Our results support predictions from life history theory and further suggest that relationships between individual condition, maturation, and environmental variables (e.g., water temperature) are shaped by complex developmental and evolutionary influences.	[McMillan, John R.; Mills, Justin S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA; [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Jordan, Chris E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Corvallis, OR USA	McMillan, JR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.	jmcmillan71@gmail.com			NOAA; USGS; USFS; North Umpqua Foundation	All sampling was conducted in accordance with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife permit # OR2007-3680 M1 approved by NOAA and USFWS under the Endangered Species Act. Tim Unterwegner, Jim Ruzycki, Jeff Neal, Shelly Miller, and Chris James at ODFW helped identify survey locations and provided critical information on the John Day River basin. Nick Weber, Ian Tattam, Jeremiah Leslie assisted in data collection. Martin Fitzpatrick at USGS provided suggestions that improved the methods and manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA, USGS, USFS, and the North Umpqua Foundation. Use of trade or firm names is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Government.	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J	Nyberg, CH				Nyberg, Colleen H.			Diurnal cortisol rhythms in Tsimane' Amazonian foragers: New insights into ecological HPA axis research	PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY			English	Article						Cortisol; Stress; HPA axis; Homeostasis; Allostasis; Developmental plasticity; Market integration; Life history theory; Bolivia	EVOLUTIONARY-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SALIVARY CORTISOL; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LOWLAND BOLIVIA; METABOLIC SYNDROME; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR	Although a growing body of research has documented important pathways by which the HPA axis mediates the interface between the psychosocial world and individual health, there is a paucity of data from nonwestern populations, particularly from those populations with distinct nutritional and infectious disease ecologies. The specific objectives of this study are: (1) to document variation in diurnal cortisol rhythms among the Tsimane', a remote population in the Bolivian Amazon, (2) to explore this variation by age and by gender, and (3) to compare diurnal rhythms from this study to other population based studies of cortisol conducted in industrialized nations. Salivary cortisol samples were collected twice daily, immediately upon waking and before bed, for three consecutive days from 303 participants (age 1.6-82 years, 1564 samples) in conjunction with the Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study (TAPS). Cortisol rhythms showed strong age effects across the developmental span, with basal levels and slopes increasing into adulthood, although individuals older than 60 years demonstrated a precipitous flattening of the diurnal slope. Cortisol profiles were elevated in adult females compared to their age-matched male counterparts, and diurnal slopes, as well as mean cortisol concentrations among the Tsimane' were the lowest reported in any population based study of HPA axis function. Although the within-population variation in cortisol profiles was consistent with the established correlates of time of day, age, and sex, the between-population comparisons revealed dramatically lower levels of HPA activity among the Tsimane'. This study provides a benchmark against which to reference cortisol levels from industrialized populations, and expands the range of documented variation in HPA axis function in a nonwestern context. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Massachusetts, Dept Anthropol, Boston, MA 02125 USA	Nyberg, CH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Anthropol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA.	colleen.nyberg@umb.edu			National Science Foundation DDIG [BCS-0622576]; American Association of University Women Dissertation Fellowship; Northwestern University	Research was supported by a National Science Foundation DDIG (BCS-0622576), an American Association of University Women Dissertation Fellowship, a Northwestern University Graduate Research Grant, and a Northwestern University Fellowship and a Northwestern University FAN Grant.	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J	Kaeuffer, R; Peichel, CL; Bolnick, DI; Hendry, AP				Kaeuffer, Renaud; Peichel, Catherine L.; Bolnick, Daniel I.; Hendry, Andrew P.			PARALLEL AND NONPARALLEL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL, PHENOTYPIC, AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE ACROSS REPLICATE POPULATION PAIRS OF LAKE AND STREAM STICKLEBACK	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Adaptive divergence; adaptive radiation; constraint; ecological speciation; genomic; natural selection; parallel evolution	GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS L; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; LATERAL-PLATE REDUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; PELVIC REDUCTION; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE; FRESH-WATER	Parallel (or convergent) evolution provides strong evidence for a deterministic role of natural selection: similar phenotypes evolve when independent populations colonize similar environments. In reality, however, independent populations in similar environments always show some differences: some nonparallel evolution is present. It is therefore important to explicitly quantify the parallel and nonparallel aspects of trait variation, and to investigate the ecological and genetic explanations for each. We performed such an analysis for threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations inhabiting lake and stream habitats in six independent watersheds. Morphological traits differed in the degree to which lakestream divergence was parallel across watersheds. Some aspects of this variation were correlated with ecological variables related to diet, presumably reflecting the strength and specifics of divergent selection. Furthermore, a genetic scan revealed some markers that diverged between lakes and streams in many of the watersheds and some that diverged in only a few watersheds. Moreover, some of the lakestream divergence in genetic markers was associated within some of the lakestream divergence in morphological traits. Our results suggest that parallel evolution, and deviations from it, are primarily the result of natural selection, which corresponds in only some respects to the dichotomous habitat classifications frequently used in such studies.	[Kaeuffer, Renaud; Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; [Kaeuffer, Renaud; Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; [Peichel, Catherine L.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA; [Bolnick, Daniel I.] Univ Texas Austin, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA	Kaeuffer, R (reprint author), McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.	renaud.kaeuffer@mail.mcgill.ca	Bolnick, Daniel/G-4440-2015	Bolnick, Daniel/0000-0003-3148-6296; Peichel, Catherine/0000-0002-7731-8944	FQRNT; NIH [P50 HG002568]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NSERC	We are grateful to J.S. Moore for his help in the field and Western Forest Products for accommodation in Port McNeil. We also thank S. Barrette, C. Macnaugthon, and S. Muttalib for their help in morphological measurements, and the entire Peichel lab for their help with the genetic analyses. D. Berner had many insightful comments on the manuscript and gave permission to use his stickleback drawings. Additional improvements were made based on comments by M. Bell and five other referees. This work was financially supported by an FQRNT postdoctoral fellowship (RK), an NIH grant P50 HG002568 (CLP), a David and Lucille Packard Foundation fellowship (DIB), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DIB), and NSERC (APH).	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L, 2004, GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETR	121	116	116	4	97	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0014-3820			EVOLUTION	Evolution	FEB	2012	66	2					402	418		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01440.x				17	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	882FG	WOS:000299547200008	22276537	Green Accepted, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Iida, Y; Poorter, L; Sterck, FJ; Kassim, AR; Kubo, T; Potts, MD; Kohyama, TS				Iida, Yoshiko; Poorter, Lourens; Sterck, Frank J.; Kassim, Abd R.; Kubo, Takuya; Potts, Matthew D.; Kohyama, Takashi S.			Wood density explains architectural differentiation across 145 co-occurring tropical tree species	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						allometry; engineering theory; hierarchical Bayesian approach; light capture; mechanical stability; tree architecture; tropical rainforest	MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; RAIN-FOREST; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; ADULT STATURE; DEMOGRAPHIC RATES; ALLOMETRY; HEIGHT; GROWTH; SIZE	1.Because of its mechanical properties, wood density may affect the way that trees expand their stem and crown to exploit favourable light conditions in a mechanically stable way. From engineering theory and wood density properties, it is predicted that in terms of biomass investment, low-density wood is more efficient for vertical stem expansion, while high-density wood is more efficient for horizontal branch expansion. So far, these predictions have rarely been tested by empirical studies. 2. We tested these predictions for 145 co-occurring tree species in a Malaysian tropical rainforest. For each species, we selected trees across a broad size range and measured architectural dimensions (stem diameter, height of the lowest foliage and crown width). We used a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate species-specific allometric relationships between architectural dimensions including estimated stem biomass. Then, we examined correlations between species wood density and estimated architectural variables at standardized heights. 3. When species were compared at standardized tree heights, wood density correlated negatively with stem diameter and positively with stem biomass at most reference heights. This indicates that species with low wood density produce thicker stems but at lower biomass costs. Wood density correlated positively with crown width and negatively with height of the lowest foliage, which indicates that high wood density species have wider and deeper crowns than low wood density species. These relationships were maintained at most reference heights. However, the relationship with crown width was nonsignificant above 18 m height. This may reflect large plastic response of lateral crown expansion to a local condition. 4. Wood density explains the trade-off between effective vertical stem expansion and horizontal crown expansion across co-occurring tropical tree species. Such mechanical constraints characterize the difference in tree architecture between low wood density species that show an efficient height expansion to attain better light conditions in the exposed canopy and high wood density species that show an efficient horizontal crown expansion to enhance current light interception and persistence in the shaded forest understorey. Our study thus suggests that the mechanical constraints set by wood density contribute to the co-existence of species differing in architecture and light capture strategy.	[Iida, Yoshiko; Kubo, Takuya; Kohyama, Takashi S.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan; [Iida, Yoshiko; Poorter, Lourens; Sterck, Frank J.] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; [Kassim, Abd R.] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Forestry & Conservat Div, Kepong 52109, Malaysia; [Potts, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Iida, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.	yyoshiko503@gmail.com	Kohyama, Takashi/A-4031-2012; Kubo, Takuya/A-3414-2012	Kohyama, Takashi/0000-0001-7186-8585; Kubo, Takuya/0000-0001-6202-9624; Iida, Yoshiko/0000-0001-6544-0101; Poorter, Lourens/0000-0003-1391-4875	F. H. Levinson Fund; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19405006, 21405006]; Center for Tropical Forest Science; JSPS	We thank the Pasoh field assistants and staffs of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and Tatsuyuki Seino for their kind help in field research. We acknowledge funding from 'F. H. Levinson Fund' and access to unpublished data from S. Joseph Wright. We gratefully acknowledge all people who are related to the Global Wood Density Database and thank Dr Niels Anten, Dr David King, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 19405006 & 21405006) and a grant from the Center for Tropical Forest Science. Yoshiko Iida was granted a Research Fellowship for Young Scientists and Excellent Young Researchers Overseas Visit Program from JSPS. The 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot at Pasoh is a collaborative project of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (NIES), and the Center for Tropical Forest Science-Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Harvard University (CTFS-AA).	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E, 2009, GLOBAL WOOD DENSITY	52	44	45	1	77	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0269-8463			FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	FEB	2012	26	1					274	282		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01921.x				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	877SZ	WOS:000299204300030		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Kim, E; Donohue, K				Kim, Eunsuk; Donohue, Kathleen			The effect of plant architecture on drought resistance: implications for the evolution of semelparity in Erysimum capitatum	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						adaptive differentiation; drought resistance; life history; monocarpy; natural selection; polycarpy; rosette development	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POECILIA-RETICULATA; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; REPRODUCTION; MORTALITY; GROWTH; COSTS; CONSTRAINTS; ADAPTATION	1. Constraints of resource allocation between reproduction and adult survival have been implicated in much life-history variation, yet physiological or functional trade-offs with juvenile survival may be just as important. Here, we examined selection on a juvenile trait that is a key determinant of semelparous (monocarpic) vs. iteroparous (polycarpic) life-history expression. 2. In Erysimum capitatum, iteroparous plants produce more rosettes at the juvenile stage than do semelparous plants; those rosettes perennate, enabling subsequent reproductive episodes. Thus, the number of rosettes produced before reproduction is a strong determinant of iteroparity. We tested whether increased rosette production compromised juvenile survival under conditions similar to those in which semelparity predominates over iteroparity. 3. Using plants from six natural populations, we tested the association between rosette production and juvenile survival under drought conditions typical of the field sites of semelparous E. capitatum populations. We also manipulated rosette number by physically removing rosettes and examined the effect of rosette removal on drought resistance. 4. Under drought conditions, plants with fewer rosettes had higher survival, and the physical excision of rosettes improved survival (significantly or marginally) under drought stress in five of six natural populations. 5. The lower production of rosettes, typical of semelparous E. capitatum, was associated with increased juvenile survival under drought stress. The results suggest adaptive differentiation of rosette production, at least partially in response to drought stress. Given the role of apical dominance in multiple rosette development, natural selection seems to favour stronger apical dominance under drought conditions. Drought stress is predicted to be more common at high elevation as a result of climate change, and the novel drought stress could increase juvenile mortality of alpine E. capitatum. Because rosette production at the juvenile stage is necessary for iteroparity, these results demonstrate that drought-induced selection on traits that determine early survival has significant potential to influence the evolution of adult life-history expression.	[Kim, Eunsuk] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Donohue, Kathleen] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA	Kim, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.	eunsukkim@sc.edu	Kim, Eunsuk/A-5177-2013		Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University	The authors thank Dr. Naomi Pierce and Dr. N. Michele Holbrook for their insightful comments throughout this experiment, J. Sherwood, W. Weigle and Lauren Ruane for managing plants in the greenhouse. We also thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University.	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Ecol.	FEB	2012	26	1					294	303		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01936.x				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	877SZ	WOS:000299204300032		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Palacios, MG; Sparkman, AM; Bronikowski, AM				Palacios, Maria G.; Sparkman, Amanda M.; Bronikowski, Anne M.			Corticosterone and pace of life in two life-history ecotypes of the garter snake Thamnophis elegans	GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY			English	Article						Corticosterone; Life-history; Physiological mechanism; Reptile; Stress; Trade-off	COMMON-GARDEN EXPERIMENT; STRESS-RESPONSE; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; UTA-STANSBURIANA; IMMUNE DEFENSE; REPRODUCTION; HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE; POPULATION	Glucocorticoids are main candidates for mediating life-history trade-offs by regulating the balance between current reproduction and survival. It has been proposed that slow-living organisms should show higher stress-induced glucocorticoid levels that favor self-maintenance rather than current reproduction when compared to fast-living organisms. We tested this hypothesis in replicate populations of two ecotypes of the garter snake (Thamnophis elegans) that exhibit slow and fast pace of life strategies. We subjected free-ranging snakes to a capture-restraint protocol and compared the stress-induced corticosterone levels between slow- and fast-living snakes. We also used a five-year dataset to assess whether baseline corticosterone levels followed the same pattern as stress-induced levels in relation to pace of life. In accordance with the hypothesis, slow-living snakes showed higher stress-induced corticosterone levels than fast-living snakes. Baseline corticosterone levels showed a similar pattern with ecotype, although differences depended on the year of study. Overall, however, levels of glucocorticoids are higher in slow-living than fast-living snakes, which should favor self-maintenance and survival at the expense of current reproduction. The results of the present study are the first to relate glucocorticoid levels and pace of life in a reptilian system and contribute to our understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in life-history evolution. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Palacios, Maria G.; Sparkman, Amanda M.; Bronikowski, Anne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA	Palacios, MG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.	mgp@iastate.edu	Palacios, Maria/I-6140-2012	Bronikowski, Anne/0000-0001-6432-298X	National Science Foundation [DEB-0323379, IOS-0922528, DEB-0710158]	We are grateful to C. Vleck for granting access to her laboratory for conducting the corticosterone radioimmunoassays, and to members of the Bronikowski and Vleck labs and an anonymous reviewer for comments on previous versions of the manuscript. We also thank T. Schwartz, M. Manes, M. Brandenburg, K Robert, J. Chamberlain, S. Zylstra, A. Lehman, S. Arnold and the Oregon State University crew, K. Martin, and USFS Tom Rickman for field support and M. Manes for help with the radioimmunoassays. Work with the snakes was carried out in accordance with standard animal care protocols and approved by Iowa State University Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC #: 3-2-5125-J) The State of California Department of Fish and Game granted collecting permits. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to A. Bronikowski (DEB-0323379, IOS-0922528) and a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to A. Sparkman (DEB-0710158).	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J	Poykko, H; Hyvarinen, M				Poykko, Heikki; Hyvarinen, Marko			To grow fast or to grow big? Time-limited larvae of Eilema depressum speed up their growth and reduce number of instars	ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA			English	Article						age and size at maturity; developmental plasticity; growth rate; instar number variability; Melanohalea exasperata; Parmelia sulcata; reaction norm; Lepidoptera; Arctiidae; Lithosiinae	LICHEN SECONDARY METABOLITES; LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; HOST-PLANT QUALITY; BODY-SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SEASONAL ENVIRONMENT; CLINAL VARIATION; REACTION NORMS; DIAPAUSE; LEPIDOPTERA	According to life-history theory, longer development time may result in bigger adults. However, reaction norms describing age and size at maturity often follow an L-shaped form. This relationship is attributable to the simple notion that slowly growing individuals may not lengthen their development excessively after the maturation decision has been made, for example, when development is time limited in seasonal environments. In arthropods, growth occurs within instars, and thus the optimal growth strategy might be mediated by the phenotypic adjustment of instar numbers. We studied the relationship between age and size at maturity of a lichen-feeding moth, Eilema depressum (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Lithosiinae), and the variability of instar numbers in relation to achieved adult body mass and time used for maturation. A positive relationship between age and size at maturity was found across developmental pathways and a negative one within the developmental pathways. Directly developing larvae had higher growth rates, attained smaller pupal mass, and passed fewer instars than larvae maturing after overwintering. Host quality did not affect whether larvae matured during the remaining or the next season. High variation in the number of instars together with variable growth rates indicates high plasticity in adaptation to varying environmental conditions. Our results also confirm previous results that instar number variability may be a key characteristic mediating age and size at maturity in insects.	[Poykko, Heikki; Hyvarinen, Marko] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland	Poykko, H (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, POB 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.	heikki.poykko@oulu.fi		Hyvarinen, Marko/0000-0001-8736-0946	Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth's Foundation; Graduate School of Evolutionary Ecology; Oskar Oflund Foundation	This study was financially supported by Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth's Foundation, Graduate School of Evolutionary Ecology and Oskar Oflund Foundation. We are grateful to Veijo Jormalainen, Toomas Tammaru, Juha Tuomi, and all members of the Invertebrate Evolution and Behavior Research Group (http://cc.oulu.fi/similar to inverteb) for their invaluable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript.	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J	Pimentel, C; Santos, M; Ferreira, C; Nilsson, JA				Pimentel, Carla; Santos, Marcia; Ferreira, Claudia; Nilsson, Jan-Ake			Temperature, size, reproductive allocation, and life-history evolution in a gregarious caterpillar	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						adaptive; clutch size; egg; development time; Lepidoptera; phenology; social insects; Thaumetopoea pityocampa	FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR; BERGMANNS RULE; BODY-SIZE; THAUMETOPOEA-PITYOCAMPA; PROCESSIONARY MOTH; CELL-SIZE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; OFFSPRING SIZE; COLONY SIZE; ECTOTHERMS	The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between growth rate, final mass, and larval development, as well as how this relationship influences reproductive trade-offs, in the context of a gregarious life-style and the need to keep an optimal group size. We use as a model two sympatric populations of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, which occur in different seasons and thus experience different climatic conditions. Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a strictly gregarious caterpillar throughout the larval period, which occurs during winter in countries all over the Mediterranean Basin. However, in 1997, a population in which larval development occurs during the summer was discovered in Portugal, namely the summer population (SP), as opposed to the normal winter population (WP), which coexists in the same forest feeding on the same host during the winter. Both populations were monitored over 3 years, with an assessment of the length of the larval period and its relationship with different climatic variables, final mass and adult size, egg size and number, colony size, and mortality at different life stages. The SP larval period was reduced as a result of development in the warmer part of the year, although it reached the same final mass and adult size as the WP. Despite an equal size at maturity, a trade-off between egg size and number was found between the two populations: SP produced less but bigger eggs than WP. This contrasts with the findings obtained in other Lepidoptera species, where development in colder environments leads to larger eggs at the expense of fecundity, but corroborates the trend found at a macro-geographical scale for T. pityocampa, with females from northern latitudes and a colder environment producing more (and smaller) eggs. The results demonstrate the importance of the number of eggs in cold environments as a result of an advantage of large colonies when gregarious caterpillars develop in such environments, and these findings are discussed in accordance with the major theories regarding size in animals. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105, 340349.	[Pimentel, Carla; Ferreira, Claudia] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, DCEA, P-2825516 Caparica, Portugal; [Nilsson, Jan-Ake] Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Santos, Marcia] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Agron ISA, Ctr Estudos Florestais CEF, P-1349017 Lisbon, Portugal	Pimentel, C (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci LSC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.	carla.s.pimentel@dartmouth.edu	Pimentel, Carla/P-8252-2014	Pimentel, Carla/0000-0002-8364-8990; ferreira, claudia/0000-0002-9404-6098	Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PRAXXIS XXI /BD/18 119/98, SFRH /BPD/46 995/2008]	The authors would like to thank the National Forest Services for allowing this study to be conducted in the National Pine forest of Leiria. We also thank Veronica Amparo, Evelina Moura, and Marta Neves for help during fieldwork, as well as Maria Rosa Paiva for supplying the facilities and material means necessary for the development of the work. Comments by two anonymous referees helped to improve the final version of the manuscript. C. Pimentel was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), with grants PRAXXIS XXI /BD/18 119/98 and SFRH /BPD/46 995/2008.	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J. Linnean Soc.	FEB	2012	105	2					340	349		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01794.x				10	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	874UN	WOS:000298983700007		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Byrne, PG; Roberts, JD				Byrne, Phillip G.; Roberts, J. Dale			Evolutionary causes and consequences of sequential polyandry in anuran amphibians	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Article						sexual selection; mating system; polyandry; evolution; genetic benefits; mate choice; external fertilization	SPERM COMPETITION GAMES; FROG CRINIA-GEORGIANA; FEMALE MATING FREQUENCY; LEAF-FOLDING FROG; INCREASES FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; TREEFROG HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; AMAZONIAN POISON FROGS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; PUERTO-RICAN FROG; MATE CHOICE	Among anuran amphibians (frogs and toads), there are two types of polyandry: simultaneous polyandry, where sperm from multiple males compete to fertilize eggs, and sequential polyandry, where eggs from a single female are fertilized by multiple males in a series of temporally separate mating events, and sperm competition is absent. Here we review the occurrence of sequential polyandry in anuran amphibians, outline theoretical explanations for the evolution of this mating system and discuss potential evolutionary implications. Sequential polyandry has been reported in a limited number of anurans, but its widespread taxonomic and geographic distribution suggests it may be common. There have been no empirical studies that have explicitly investigated the evolutionary consequences of sequential polyandry in anurans, but species with this mating pattern share an array of behavioural, morphological and physiological characteristics, suggesting that there has been common sexual selection on their reproductive system. Sequential polyandry may have a number of adaptive benefits, including spreading the risk of brood failure in unpredictable environments, insuring against male infertility, or providing genetic benefits, either through good genes, intrinsic compatibility or genetic diversity effects. Anurans with sequential polyandry provide untapped opportunities for innovative research approaches that will contribute significantly to understanding anuran evolution and also, more broadly, to the development of sexual-selection and life-history theory.	[Byrne, Phillip G.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [Roberts, J. Dale] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; [Roberts, J. Dale] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol M092, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia	Byrne, PG (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.	pbyrne@uow.edu.au		Byrne, Phillip/0000-0003-2183-9959	Australian Research Council; Australian National University; Monash University; University of Witwatersrand; University of Wollongong; University of Western Australia	P.G. Byrne and J.D. Roberts acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council, the Australian National University, Monash University, the University of Witwatersrand, the University of Wollongong and the University of Western Australia. We also thank Brian Sullivan, Leigh Simmons, Bob Wong and Aimee Silla for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript.	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Rev.	FEB	2012	87	1					209	228		10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00191.x				20	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	871IU	WOS:000298732300011	21740503				2019-02-21	
J	Roberts, JA; Vo, HD; Fujita, MK; Moritz, C; Kearney, M				Roberts, J. A.; Vo, H. D.; Fujita, M. K.; Moritz, C.; Kearney, M.			Physiological implications of genomic state in parthenogenetic lizards of reciprocal hybrid origin	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Amphibians; evolutionary physiology; life-history evolution; reptiles; speciation	AUSTRALIAN ARID ZONE; HETERONOTIA-BINOEI GEKKONIDAE; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGENETIC CONSTRAINTS; DARWINS COROLLARY; CELL-SIZE; EVOLUTION; DROSOPHILA; GECKO	Parthenogenesis often evolves in association with hybridization, but the associated ecological consequences are poorly understood. The Australian gecko Heteronotia binoei is unusual because triploid parthenogenesis evolved through reciprocal crosses between two sexual lineages, resulting in four possible cytonuclear genotypes. In this species complex, we compared the performance of these parthenogenetic genotypes with their sexual progenitors for a suite of physiological traits (metabolic rate, thermal tolerance, locomotor performance, and in vitro activity and gene sequence divergence of a cytonuclear metabolic pathway, cytochrome C oxidase). Mass-specific metabolic rate scaled differently with body mass for parthenogens and sexuals, while heat tolerance provided the only evidence for cytonuclear incompatibility in hybrid parthenogens. The most prominent phenotypic effects were attributable to nuclear genome dosage. Overall, our results suggest that the hybrid/polyploidy origin of parthenogenetic H. binoei has had surprisingly few negative fitness consequences and may have produced a broader overall niche for the species.	[Roberts, J. A.; Kearney, M.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; [Vo, H. D.] Lund Univ, Sch Ecol & Biol Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Fujita, M. K.; Moritz, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Kearney, M (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.	mrke@unimelb.edu.au	Vo, Hong/D-3357-2015; Moritz, Craig/A-7755-2012; Kearney, Michael/R-3404-2017	Vo, Hong/0000-0002-4024-2368; Moritz, Craig/0000-0001-5313-7279; Kearney, Michael/0000-0002-3349-8744	Australian Research Council [DP0771924]; University of Melbourne [0703441]; Department of Environment and Conservation [SF004376]	This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Grant DP0771924 to MK and CM and was undertaken under The University of Melbourne Animal Ethics Permit 0703441. Western Australian specimens were collected under Department of Environment and Conservation research permit no. SF004376. We are also grateful for constructive comments on this manuscript from Natalie Briscoe and two anonymous reviewers.	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J. D., 1978, MODES SPECIATION	61	8	9	2	53	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	FEB	2012	25	2					252	263		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02438.x				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	875PI	WOS:000299043300003	22192477				2019-02-21	
J	Vijendravarma, RK; Narasimha, S; Kawecki, TJ				Vijendravarma, R. K.; Narasimha, S.; Kawecki, T. J.			Chronic malnutrition favours smaller critical size for metamorphosis initiation in Drosophila melanogaster	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						critical weight; dietary restriction; experimental evolution; life history; starvation resistance; stress tolerance; trade-offs	CORRELATED RESPONSES; CRITICAL WEIGHT; BODY-SIZE; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; TRAITS; GROWTH	Critical size at which metamorphosis is initiated represents an important checkpoint in insect development. Here, we use experimental evolution in Drosophila melanogaster to test the long-standing hypothesis that larval malnutrition should favour a smaller critical size. We report that six fly populations subject to 112 generations of laboratory natural selection on an extremely poor larval food evolved an 18% smaller critical size (compared to six unselected control populations). Thus, even though critical size is not plastic with respect to nutrition, smaller critical size can evolve as an adaptation to nutritional stress. We also demonstrate that this reduction in critical size (rather than differences in growth rate) mediates a trade-off in body weight that the selected populations experience on standard food, on which they show a 1517% smaller adult body weight. This illustrates how developmental mechanisms that control life history may shape constraints and trade-offs in life history evolution.	[Vijendravarma, R. K.; Narasimha, S.; Kawecki, T. J.] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland	Kawecki, TJ (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.	tadeusz.kawecki@unil.ch	Kawecki, Tadeusz/K-5466-2015; Vijendravarma, Roshan/E-9985-2013	Kawecki, Tadeusz/0000-0002-9244-1991; 	Swiss National Science Foundation	We thank B. Hollis and three reviewers for comments. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.	De Moed GH, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P852, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00103.x; Edgar BA, 2006, NAT REV GENET, V7, P907, DOI 10.1038/nrg1989; GEBHARDT MD, 1993, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V6, P1, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1993.6010001.x; Kolss M, 2009, EVOLUTION, V63, P2389, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00718.x; Mirth C, 2005, CURR BIOL, V15, P1796, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.017; Neto-Silva RM, 2009, ANNU REV CELL DEV BI, V25, P197, DOI 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175242; Partridge L, 1999, GENET RES, V74, P43, DOI 10.1017/S0016672399003778; Prasad NG, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1363; Royes V.W., 1964, J EXP ZOOL, V156, P105; Santos M, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P420, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02429.x; Vijendravarma RK, 2011, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V24, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02225.x	11	11	11	1	31	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	FEB	2012	25	2					288	292		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02419.x				5	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	875PI	WOS:000299043300006	22122120	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Bos, N; Lefevre, T; Jensen, AB; d'Ettorre, P				Bos, N.; Lefevre, T.; Jensen, A. B.; d'Ettorre, P.			Sick ants become unsociable	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						ants; chemical communication; host-parasite interaction; infection; insects; life history evolution	TERMITE ZOOTERMOPSIS-ANGUSTICOLLIS; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI; LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; SOCIAL IMMUNITY; DISEASE RESISTANCE; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION; GROUP FACILITATION; AGE POLYETHISM; WOOD ANTS	Parasites represent a severe threat to social insects, which form high-density colonies of related individuals, and selection should favour host traits that reduce infection risk. Here, using a carpenter ant (Camponotus aethiops) and a generalist insect pathogenic fungus (Metarhizium brunneum), we show that infected ants radically change their behaviour over time to reduce the risk of colony infection. Infected individuals (i) performed less social interactions than their uninfected counterparts, (ii) did not interact with brood anymore and (iii) spent most of their time outside the nest from day 3 post-infection until death. Furthermore, infected ants displayed an increased aggressiveness towards non-nestmates. Finally, infected ants did not alter their cuticular chemical profile, suggesting that infected individuals do not signal their physiological status to nestmates. Our results provide evidence for the evolution of unsociability following pathogen infection in a social animal and suggest an important role of inclusive fitness in driving such evolution.	[Bos, N.; Jensen, A. B.; d'Ettorre, P.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Social Evolut, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Lefevre, T.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Jensen, A. B.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Agr & Ecol, Ctr Social Evolut, Copenhagen, Denmark; [d'Ettorre, P.] Univ Paris 13, LEEC, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France	Bos, N (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Social Evolut, Copenhagen, Denmark.	nbos@bio.ku.dk	Jensen, Annette/E-5478-2013; Lefevre, Thierry/E-2157-2011; Jensen, Annette/G-7558-2014; Bos, Nick/H-4903-2012	Jensen, Annette/0000-0002-2044-2274; LEFEVRE, Thierry/0000-0002-9736-6142	Danish National Research Foundation; Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen	We would like to thank all members of the Centre for Social Evolution for providing a pleasant working environment. Many thanks to Louise Lee Munck Larsen for helping with rearing M. brunneum and to Jelle van Zweden for comments and discussion. This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation and by a grant from the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen to PdE.	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Evol. Biol.	FEB	2012	25	2					342	351		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02425.x				10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	875PI	WOS:000299043300011	22122288				2019-02-21	
J	Sibly, RM; Zuo, WY; Kodric-Brown, A; Brown, JH				Sibly, Richard M.; Zuo, Wenyun; Kodric-Brown, Astrid; Brown, James H.			Rensch's Rule in Large Herbivorous Mammals Derived from Metabolic Scaling	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						sexual selection; size dimorphism	SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; HOME-RANGE AREA; BODY-SIZE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; POPULATION-DENSITY; MORTALITY-RATES; ALLOMETRY; ECOLOGY; MASS; MARSUPIALS	Rensch's rule, which states that the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism tends to increase with increasing body size, has evolved independently in three lineages of large herbivorous mammals: bovids (antelopes), cervids (deer), and macropodids (kangaroos). This pattern can be explained by a model that combines allometry, life-history theory, and energetics. The key features are that female group size increases with increasing body size and that males have evolved under sexual selection to grow large enough to control these groups of females. The model predicts relationships among body size and female group size, male and female age at first breeding, death and growth rates, and energy allocation of males to produce body mass and weapons. Model predictions are well supported by data for these megaherbivores. The model suggests hypotheses for why some other sexually dimorphic taxa, such as primates and pin-nipeds (seals and sea lions), do or do not conform to Rensh's rule.	[Sibly, Richard M.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England; [Zuo, Wenyun; Kodric-Brown, Astrid; Brown, James H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Brown, James H.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA	Sibly, RM (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England.	r.m.sibly@reading.ac.uk		Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543	National Science Foundation [DEB-0541625]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Interfaces	We thank E. 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J	van Noordwijk, CGE; Boer, P; Mabelis, AA; Verberk, WCEP; Siepel, H				van Noordwijk, C. G. E. (Toos); Boer, Peter; Mabelis, A. A. (Bram); Verberk, Wilco C. E. P.; Siepel, Henk			Life-history strategies as a tool to identify conservation constraints: A case-study on ants in chalk grasslands	ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS			English	Article						Reproduction tactic; Formicidae; Species traits; Restoration; Habitat isolation; Dispersal; Microclimate	FRESH-WATER MACROINVERTEBRATES; RESTORATION MANAGEMENT; CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS; FOUNDING STRATEGIES; SPECIES RESPONSES; LASIUS-NIGER; TRAITS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; LANDSCAPE	Species' life-history traits underlie species-environment relationships. Therefore, analysis of species traits, combined into life-history strategies, can be used to identify key factors shaping the local species composition. This is demonstrated in a case-study on ants in chalk grasslands. We developed four life-history strategies based on traits related to reproduction, development, dispersal and synchronization that are documented in the literature. These theoretical strategies reflect different responses to certain environmental conditions. They can be characterized as generalists (G), poor dispersers (D), species whose distribution is limited to sites with high food availability (F) and species that are restricted to sites with high soil temperatures during nest founding (T). Next, we tested whether the occurrence of these strategies differed between six Dutch chalk grasslands and four reference sites situated in Germany and Belgium. We found significant differences in species numbers between sites for strategies D and T but not for strategies F and G. The differences could be explained by differences in connectivity and microhabitat conditions; species richness of strategy D decreased exponentially with increasing distance to the next nearest chalk grassland, while summer soil temperature strongly affected species richness of strategy T. From these relationships we could successfully identify the most relevant bottlenecks for the occurrence of both of these strategies in Dutch chalk grasslands. Management recommendations resulting from this analysis include adapting the management timing in Dutch chalk grasslands and focussing on counteracting habitat isolation. With this case-study we demonstrate that the life-history strategy approach is a valuable alternative to approaches that try to identify key factors by analysing the variation in environmental parameters. The main advantage of the presented alternative is the focus on mechanistically understanding species responses, allowing a comparison of processes rather than occurrences of single species. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[van Noordwijk, C. G. E. (Toos); Verberk, Wilco C. E. P.] Bargerveen Fdn, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands; [van Noordwijk, C. G. E. (Toos); Verberk, Wilco C. E. P.; Siepel, Henk] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Mabelis, A. A. (Bram); Siepel, Henk] Wageningen UR, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands	van Noordwijk, CGE (reprint author), Bargerveen Fdn, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.	t.vannoordwijk@science.ru.nl; p.boer@quicknet.nl; bram.mabelis@wur.nl; wilco@aquaticecology.nl; henk.siepel@wur.nl	Verberk, Wilco/E-6337-2011; Siepel, Henk/C-2579-2011	Verberk, Wilco/0000-0002-0691-583X; Siepel, Henk/0000-0003-4503-4485	Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food quality (now Ministry of Economy, Agriculture and Innovation) [0 + BN]	We thank Natuurmonumenten, Staatsbosbeheer, Stichting het Limburgs Landschap, Ville de Vise, Stad Bad-Munstereifel and the Nordrhein-Westfalen-Stiftung for their permission to conduct research on their premises. Many thanks to the members of the Dutch Carabidae Foundation and to everyone else who helped with the fieldwork. Special thanks go to Kees Alders for sorting most of the pitfall trap samples. We thank Eva Remke and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. This research was financed by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food quality (now Ministry of Economy, Agriculture and Innovation) as part of the chalk grassland project within the Development and Management of Nature quality program (0 + BN).	Andelman SJ, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P5954, DOI 10.1073/pnas.100126797; ANDERSEN AN, 1995, J BIOGEOGR, V22, P15, DOI 10.2307/2846070; ANDRASFALVY A, 1961, ARTEN INSECT SOC, V8, P299; BOBBINK R, 1993, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V2, P616, DOI 10.1007/BF00051962; BOER P., 2010, MIEREN BENELUX; Bourke A. F. 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Indic.	FEB	2012	13	1					303	313		10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.028				11	Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	835NG	WOS:000296042500033					2019-02-21	
J	Kudo, H; Karino, K				Kudo, Hiromi; Karino, Kenji			Short-term change in male sexually selected traits and female mate preference in the guppy Poecilia reticulata	ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH			English	Article						Sexual selection; Female mate preference; Mate choice; Sexual ornaments; Plasticity; Guppy	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ORANGE SPOT COLORATION; DIGITALLY-MODIFIED VIDEOS; CAROTENOID LIMITATION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; MATING PREFERENCES; NATURAL-POPULATION; FERAL GUPPIES; TOTAL LENGTH; CHOICE	Some recent theoretical studies predict the plasticity of female preferences for male sexual ornaments. However, only little empirical information is available regarding changes in female preferences within a short period in the wild. In this study, we examined the short-term change in the exaggeration of sexually selected traits in males and intensity of female preferences in the guppy Poecilia reticulata of a wild population in Okinawa, Japan. We collected adult guppies from a single collection site with an interval of 2-3 months. The results indicated that the degrees of exaggeration of male sexually selected traits, such as orange spot patterns and body size, changed with an interval of 2-3 months. The intensity of female preferences in each collection term was quantified by a laboratory experiment using an identical pair of digitally modified male images. The intensity of female preferences for the conspicuous male image also changed with an interval of 2-3 months. Males that were collected in July exhibited the greatest degree of exaggeration of sexually selected traits. On the other hand, males that were collected in April showed a smaller degree of exaggeration of these traits; however, females that were captured in April exhibited the greatest mate preferences for the conspicuous male image.	[Kudo, Hiromi; Karino, Kenji] Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Biol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848501, Japan	Kudo, H (reprint author), Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Biol, 4-1-1 Nukui Kita, Koganei, Tokyo 1848501, Japan.	r096002y@st.u-gakugei.ac.jp			Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19570015]	We are grateful to A. Sato, R. Aihara, S. Fukuda, and S. Miyazaki for help with culture maintenance and fieldwork and to two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no. 19570015) to KK from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.	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E., 2005, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; Mead LS, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P264, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.003; Nicoletto PF, 1999, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V56, P333, DOI 10.1023/A:1007444904705; ODONALD P, 1983, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V23, P64, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(83)90005-9; POMIANKOWSKI A, 1987, J THEOR BIOL, V128, P195, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(87)80169-8; Qvarnstrom A, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P5, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)02030-9; REYNOLDS JD, 1992, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V250, P57, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1992.0130; Reznick D, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P126, DOI 10.1086/318627; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; REZNICK DN, 1987, EVOLUTION, V41, P1370, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02474.x; Sato A, 2006, ICHTHYOL RES, V53, P398, DOI 10.1007/s10228-006-0364-0; Zuk M, 1998, Q REV BIOL, V73, P415, DOI 10.1086/420412	48	7	7	2	29	SPRINGER TOKYO	TOKYO	1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN	1341-8998			ICHTHYOL RES	Ichthyol. Res.	JAN 25	2012	59	1					1	7		10.1007/s10228-011-0239-x				7	Zoology	Zoology	915SO	WOS:000302047900001					2019-02-21	
J	Gove, RP; Chen, W; Zweber, NB; Erwin, R; Rychtar, J; Remington, DL				Gove, Robert P.; Chen, William; Zweber, Nicholas B.; Erwin, Rebecca; Rychtar, Jan; Remington, David L.			Effects of causal networks on the structure and stability of resource allocation trait correlations	JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						Life-history evolution; G-matrix; Trait network; Path models; Arabidopsis lyrata	QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS; INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS APPROACH; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ARABIDOPSIS-LYRATA; PATH-ANALYSIS; G-MATRIX; SEGREGATING POPULATIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION	Discovering the mechanisms by which genetic variation influences phenotypes is integral to understanding life-history evolution. Models describing causal relationships among traits in a developmental hierarchy provide a functional basis for understanding the correlations often observed among life-history traits. In this paper, we evaluate a developmental network model of life-history traits based on the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata, evaluate phenotypic, genetic, and environmental covariance matrices obtained under different scenarios of quantitative trait locus (QTL) effects in simulated crosses, test the efficacy of structural equation modeling to identify the correct basis for multiple-trait QTL effects, and compare model predictions with field data. We found that the trait network constrained the phenotypic covariance patterns to varying degrees, depending on which traits were directly affected by QTLs. Genetic and environmental covariance matrices were strongly correlated only when direct QTL effects were spread over many traits. Structural equation models that included all simulated traits correctly identified traits directly affected by QTLs, but heuristic search algorithms found several network structures other than the correct one that also fit the data closely. Estimated correlations among a subset of traits in F(2) data from field studies corresponded closely to model predictions when simulated QTLs affected traits known to differ between the parental populations. Our results show that causal trait network models can unify several aspects of quantitative genetic theory with empirical observations on genetic and phenotypic covariance patterns, and that incorporating trait networks into genetic analysis offers promise for elucidating mechanisms of life history evolution. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Chen, William; Zweber, Nicholas B.; Erwin, Rebecca; Remington, David L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA; [Gove, Robert P.; Rychtar, Jan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math & Stat, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA	Remington, DL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, POB 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA.	dlreming@uncg.edu			National Science Foundation [0634182, 0850465, 0926288]	The authors thank Outi Savolainen and Paivi Leinonen for providing the data from the Norway field study site and for constructive suggestions on the manuscript, and fair anonymous reviewers whose suggestions have greatly improved the manuscript. Support for undergraduate research on this project was funded by National Science Foundation Grants 0634182 (R.G., R.E., J.R. and D.L.R), 0850465 (W.C., N.Z., J.R. and D.L.R), and 0926288 (J.R. and D.L.R.).	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Theor. Biol.	JAN 21	2012	293						1	14		10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.09.034				14	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	878GP	WOS:000299243800001	22004994				2019-02-21	
J	Baxter, EM; Jarvis, S; Palarea-Albaladejo, J; Edwards, SA				Baxter, Emma M.; Jarvis, Susan; Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier; Edwards, Sandra A.			The Weaker Sex? The Propensity for Male-Biased Piglet Mortality	PLOS ONE			English	Article							PIGS SUS-SCROFA; DOMESTIC PIGS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; PARENTAL OPTIMISM; CONTINUOUS NOISE; NEONATAL PIG; WEIGHT-GAIN; TRADE-OFF; RATIO; BEHAVIOR	For the most part solutions to farm animal welfare issues, such as piglet mortality, are likely to lie within the scientific disciplines of environmental design and genetic selection, however understanding the ecological basis of some of the complex dynamics observed between parent and offspring could make a valuable contribution. One interesting, and often discussed, aspect of mortality is the propensity for it to be sex-biased. This study investigated whether known physiological and behavioural indicators of piglet survival differed between the sexes and whether life history strategies (often reported in wild or feral populations) relating to parental investment were being displayed in a domestic population of pigs. Sex ratio (proportion of males (males/males+females)) at birth was 0.54 and sex allocation (maternal investment measured as piglet birth weight/litter weight) was statistically significantly male-biased at 0.55 (t(35) = 2.51 P = 0.017), suggesting that sows invested more in sons than daughters during gestation. Despite this investment in birth weight, a known survival indicator, total pre-weaning male mortality was statistically significantly higher than female mortality (12% vs. 7% respectively z = 2.06 P = 0.040). Males tended to suffer from crushing by the sow more than females and statistically significantly more males died from disease-related causes. Although males were born on average heavier, with higher body mass index and ponderal index, these differences were not sustained. In addition male piglets showed impaired thermoregulation compared to females. These results suggest male-biased mortality exists despite greater initial maternal investment, and therefore reflects the greater susceptibility of this sex to causal mortality factors. Life history strategies are being displayed by a domestic population of pigs with sows in this study displaying a form of parental optimism by allocating greater resources at birth to males and providing an over-supply of this more vulnerable sex in expectation of sex-biased mortality.	[Baxter, Emma M.] Scottish Agr Coll, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Jarvis, Susan] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland; [Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier] Biomath & Stat Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Edwards, Sandra A.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Agr Food & Rural Dev, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England	Baxter, EM (reprint author), Scottish Agr Coll, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.	Emma.Baxter@sac.ac.uk	Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier/J-5591-2013	Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier/0000-0003-0162-669X; Edwards, Sandra/0000-0002-8890-0112	Scottish Government [WP2.4]; Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services	This work was supported by the Scottish Government under WP2.4 and the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Lipowsky, A; Roscher, C; Schumacher, J; Schmid, B				Lipowsky, Annett; Roscher, Christiane; Schumacher, Jens; Schmid, Bernhard			Density-Independent Mortality and Increasing Plant Diversity Are Associated with Differentiation of Taraxacum officinale into r- and K-Strategists	PLOS ONE			English	Article							EXPERIMENTAL GRASSLANDS; DANDELIONS TARAXACUM; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMPETITIVE RELATIONSHIPS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; APOMICTIC DANDELIONS; POPULATION; IDENTITY; GROWTH; COMMUNITY	Background: Differential selection between clones of apomictic species may result in ecological differentiation without mutation and recombination, thus offering a simple system to study adaptation and life-history evolution in plants. Methodology/Principal Findings: We caused density-independent mortality by weeding to colonizer populations of the largely apomictic Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) over a 5-year period in a grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment). We compared the offspring of colonizer populations with resident populations deliberately sown into similar communities. Plants raised from cuttings and seeds of colonizer and resident populations were grown under uniform conditions. Offspring from colonizer populations had higher reproductive output, which was in general agreement with predictions of r-selection theory. Offspring from resident populations had higher root and leaf biomass, fewer flower heads and higher individual seed mass as predicted under K-selection. Plants grown from cuttings and seeds differed to some degree in the strength, but not in the direction, of their response to the r- vs. K-selection regime. More diverse communities appeared to exert stronger K-selection on resident populations in plants grown from cuttings, while we did not find significant effects of increasing species richness on plants grown from seeds. Conclusions/Significance: Differentiation into r- and K-strategists suggests that clones with characteristics of r-strategists were selected in regularly weeded plots through rapid colonization, while increasing plant diversity favoured the selection of clones with characteristics of K-strategists in resident populations. Our results show that different selection pressures may result in a rapid genetic differentiation within a largely apomictic species. Even under the assumption that colonizer and resident populations, respectively, happened to be r- vs. K-selected already at the start of the experiment, our results still indicate that the association of these strategies with the corresponding selection regimes was maintained during the 5-year experimental period.	[Lipowsky, Annett] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Lipowsky, Annett; Schmid, Bernhard] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland; [Roscher, Christiane] Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Community Ecol, Halle, Germany; [Schumacher, Jens] Univ Jena, Inst Stochast, Jena, Germany	Lipowsky, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany.	annett.lipowsky@access.uzh.ch	Schmid, Bernhard/C-8625-2009	Schmid, Bernhard/0000-0002-8430-3214	German Science Foundation [FOR 456]; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Max Planck Society; Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A-107531]	The Jena Experiment is funded by the German Science Foundation (FOR 456) with support from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, the Max Planck Society, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-107531 to B. S.). 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J	Horvathova, T; Nakagawa, S; Uller, T				Horvathova, Terezia; Nakagawa, Shinichi; Uller, Tobias			Strategic female reproductive investment in response to male attractiveness in birds	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						maternal effects; reproductive investment; differential allocation; parental care; birds; phenotypic plasticity	FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PARENTAL CARE; BARN SWALLOW; DIFFERENTIAL ALLOCATION; OFFSPRING VIABILITY; LAYING ORDER; MATERNAL TESTOSTERONE; PLUMAGE COLORATION; EGG INVESTMENT	Life-history theory predicts that individuals should adjust their reproductive effort according to the expected fitness returns on investment. Because sexually selected male traits should provide honest information about male genetic or phenotypic quality, females may invest more when paired with attractive males. However, there is substantial disagreement in the literature whether such differential allocation is a general pattern. Using a comparative meta-regression approach, we show that female birds generally invest more into reproduction when paired with attractive males, both in terms of egg size and number as well as food provisioning. However, whereas females of species with bi-parental care tend to primarily increase the number of eggs when paired with attractive males, females of species with female-only care produce larger, but not more, eggs. These patterns may reflect adaptive differences in female allocation strategies arising from variation in the signal content of sexually selected male traits between systems of parental care. In contrast to reproductive effort, female allocation of immune-stimulants, anti-oxidants and androgens to the egg yolk was not consistently increased when mated to attractive males, which probably reflects the context-dependent costs and benefits of those yolk compounds to females and offspring.	[Horvathova, Terezia; Uller, Tobias] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Horvathova, Terezia] Comenius Univ, Dept Zool, Fac Nat Sci, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia; [Nakagawa, Shinichi] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand	Uller, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.	tobias.uller@zoo.ox.ac.uk	Nakagawa, Shinichi/B-5571-2011	Nakagawa, Shinichi/0000-0002-7765-5182	Marsden Fund; University of Otago	We are grateful to all researchers who took their time to provide additional information or unpublished data and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. S.N. is supported by the Marsden Fund and the University of Otago Research Fund.	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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JAN 7	2012	279	1726					163	170		10.1098/rspb.2011.0663				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	856WD	WOS:000297674300022	21632630	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Johnston, DW; Bowers, MT; Friedlaender, AS; Lavigne, DM				Johnston, David W.; Bowers, Matthew T.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Lavigne, David M.			The Effects of Climate Change on Harp Seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus)	PLOS ONE			English	Article							ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; MORTALITY	Harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) have evolved life history strategies to exploit seasonal sea ice as a breeding platform. As such, individuals are prepared to deal with fluctuations in the quantity and quality of ice in their breeding areas. It remains unclear, however, how shifts in climate may affect seal populations. The present study assesses the effects of climate change on harp seals through three linked analyses. First, we tested the effects of short-term climate variability on young-of-the year harp seal mortality using a linear regression of sea ice cover in the Gulf of St. Lawrence against stranding rates of dead harp seals in the region during 1992 to 2010. A similar regression of stranding rates and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index values was also conducted. These analyses revealed negative correlations between both ice cover and NAO conditions and seal mortality, indicating that lighter ice cover and lower NAO values result in higher mortality. A retrospective cross-correlation analysis of NAO conditions and sea ice cover from 1978 to 2011 revealed that NAO-related changes in sea ice may have contributed to the depletion of seals on the east coast of Canada during 1950 to 1972, and to their recovery during 1973 to 2000. This historical retrospective also reveals opposite links between neonatal mortality in harp seals in the Northeast Atlantic and NAO phase. Finally, an assessment of the long-term trends in sea ice cover in the breeding regions of harp seals across the entire North Atlantic during 1979 through 2011 using multiple linear regression models and mixed effects linear regression models revealed that sea ice cover in all harp seal breeding regions has been declining by as much as 6 percent per decade over the time series of available satellite data.	[Johnston, David W.; Bowers, Matthew T.; Friedlaender, Ari S.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA; [Lavigne, David M.] Int Fund Anim Welf, Guelph, ON, Canada	Johnston, DW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.	david.johnston@duke.edu		Johnston, David/0000-0003-2424-036X	Duke University Marine Laboratory; International Fund for Animal Welfare	This work was funded by the Duke University Marine Laboratory and the International Fund for Animal Welfare. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis or decision to publish the manuscript.	Bates D. M., 2010, LME4 LINEAR MIXED EF; Cavalieri D. 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J	Maciel-Silva, AS; Valio, IFM; Rydin, H				Maciel-Silva, Adaises S.; Marques Valio, Ivany F.; Rydin, Hakan			Altitude affects the reproductive performance in monoicous and dioicous bryophytes: examples from a Brazilian Atlantic rainforest	AOB PLANTS			English	Article							MOSS SYNTRICHIA-CANINERVIS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; GAMETANGIAL INDUCTION; DESERT MOSS; SPOROPHYTE PRODUCTION; FLOWERING PLANTS; PHYSICAL FACTORS; SEX EXPRESSION; PHENOLOGY; GROWTH	Background and aims Short life cycles and trade-offs linked to breeding systems make bryophytes good models for the study of plant reproductive strategies. Our aim was to test if differences in sexual reproductive performance of bryophytes in tropical rainforests are driven by the breeding system of the species (monoicous or dioicous) or are mainly affected by the habitat. Methodology The reproductive performance (sexual branches, gametangia (sex organs), fertilization and sporophyte production) of 11 species was repeatedly monitored and analysed from populations at sea-level and montane sites of a Brazilian Atlantic rainforest over 15 months. Principal results Monoicous species had the highest reproductive performance, particularly for sexual branches, fertilized gametangia and sporophyte production. Species at the sea-level site produced more sexual branches and had more female-biased sex ratios of gametangia than species in the montane site. Fertilizations were more frequent at the montane site, but sporophyte frequency was similar between the two sites. Fertilization tended to occur mostly in the periods of heavy rain (October to December). Conclusions Breeding system is not the only major influence on the reproductive performance of bryophytes. We show that habitat is also an important factor determining life-history differentiation. Female-biased sex ratios and low rates of fertilization are seen to be compensated for by high production of reproductive structures at the initial phases of the reproductive cycle.	[Maciel-Silva, Adaises S.; Marques Valio, Ivany F.] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Dept Biol Vegetal, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; [Rydin, Hakan] Uppsala Univ, Dept Plant Ecol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden	Maciel-Silva, AS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro UFRRJ, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, CP 74582, BR-23851970 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.	adaisesmaciel@hotmail.com	MACIEL-SILVA, ADAISES/F-7081-2012		'Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior' (Capes); 'Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia' (CNPq); State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) as part of the Thematic Project Functional Gradient [03/1259507, COTEC/IF 41.065/2005, IBAMA/CGEN 093/2005]; 'Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia' (CNPq-bolsista de produtividade SR); Swedish research councils VR and Formas	A.S.M.-S.'s work was supported by the 'Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior' (Capes), 'Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia' (CNPq) and the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) as part of the Thematic Project Functional Gradient (Process Number 03/1259507), within the BIOTA/FAPESP Program - The Biodiversity Virtual Institute (www.biota.org.br). COTEC/IF 41.065/2005 and IBAMA/CGEN 093/2005 permit. I.F.M.V. was supported by the 'Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia' (CNPq-bolsista de produtividade SR), and H.R. by the Swedish research councils VR and Formas.	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S	Stark, JD		Racke, KD; McGaughey, BD; Cowles, JL; Hall, AT; Jackson, SH; Jenkins, JJ; Johnston, JJ		Stark, John D.			Demography and Modeling To Improve Pesticide Risk Assessment of Endangered Species	PESTICIDE REGULATION AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT	ACS Symposium Series		English	Proceedings Paper	Symposium on the Endangered Species Act and Pesticide Regulation: Scientific and Process Improvements / 242nd Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society	AUG 30-SEP 01, 2011	Denver, CO	Amer Chem Soc, AGRO Div, Dow AgroScienes, CropLife Amer, Intrinsik Environm Sci			LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; POPULATION-LEVEL; TOXICITY; TRAITS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; SALMON; TIME	The present ecological risk assessment process for pesticides as practiced by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) consists of developing short-term toxicity data for a few select species and comparing these data to expected environmental concentrations to develop risk quotients (RQ). Risk quotients are then compared to "levels of concern" (LOC) which vary depending upon the type of pesticide being evaluated and the type of organisms likely to be exposed. The LOC is supposed to account for all of the types of uncertainty associated with the risk assessment. There are several problems associated with this process. For example, populations do not respond the same way to wtoxicant exposures as do individuals. Populations, if thinned may compensate for losses and actually grow faster than expected. Furthermore, exposure to pesticides can result in a proportion of a population dying while the remaining individuals are impaired due to multiple sublethal effects. Another issue is that the few species that are used for the development of toxicity data may not be good representatives of the many species they are supposed to protect. These species are often chosen based on ease of rearing and evaluation, not because they are good representatives of many species. Susceptibility of a population to pesticides is influenced by life history traits and differences in life history traits are not considered in the current risk assessment process. It has also been shown that populations of organisms often exist as mixtures of life stages. The makeup of the population structure can greatly influence susceptibility to pesticides and this is also not considered in the risk assessment process. Furthermore, different life stages may exhibit vastly different susceptibility to toxicants, yet usually only one life stage is evaluated. In this chapter, the current risk assessment process and new approaches to improve risk assessment of pesticides are discussed. The new approach consists of developing population-level measures of toxicant effect that incorporate the total effect (lethal and multiple sublethal effects) followed by population modeling to determine the probability that specific concentrations of pesticides will drive populations to extirpation or whether populations will recover.	Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA	Stark, JD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA.	starkj@wsu.edu					Akcakaya HR, 2008, DEMOGRAPHIC TOXICITY; [Anonymous], 1993, ANN BOOK ASTM STAND, V11.04, P1028; Banks JE, 2008, ECOL MODEL, V210, P155, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.022; Banks J.E., 1998, INTEGR BIOL, V5, P1, DOI DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5; Banks JE, 2010, RISK ANAL, V30, P175, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01349.x; Calow P, 1997, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V16, P1983, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1983:RAOTBO>2.3.CO;2; Carey J. 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B., 1995, SETAC NEWS, V15, P18; Morris WF, 2002, QUANTITATIVE CONSERV; Norris K, 2003, J APPL ECOL, V40, P890, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00840.x; Pressat R., 1985, DICT DEMOGRAPHY; Spromberg JA, 2005, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V24, P1532, DOI 10.1897/04-160.1; Stark JD, 1997, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V37, P273, DOI 10.1006/eesa.1997.1552; Stark JD, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P732, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0304903101; Stark JD, 2003, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V48, P505, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112621; STARK JD, 1995, J ECON ENTOMOL, V88, P1089, DOI 10.1093/jee/88.5.1089; Stark JD, 1999, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V42, P282, DOI 10.1006/eesa.1998.1760; Stark JD, 2007, J ECON ENTOMOL, V100, P1027, DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1027:IERMOP]2.0.CO;2; Stark JD, 2005, INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES, V1, P109, DOI 10.1897/IEAM_2004-002r.1; Stark JD, 2012, ENVIRON POLLUT, V164, P24, DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.011; Suter GW, 2006, ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSE; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, APP E RISK QUOT METH; US EPA, 1998, EPA630R95002F; VANSTRAALEN NM, 1989, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V17, P190, DOI 10.1016/0147-6513(89)90038-9; Webb JK, 2002, ECOL RES, V17, P59, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2002.00463.x	42	2	2	0	8	AMER CHEMICAL SOC	WASHINGTON	1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA	0097-6156		978-0-8412-2703-3	ACS SYM SER	ACS Symp. Ser.		2012	1111						259	270						12	Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences	Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	BEO32	WOS:000317550400019					2019-02-21	
J	Richardson, GB; Hardesty, P				Richardson, George B.; Hardesty, Patrick			Immediate Survival Focus: Synthesizing Life History Theory and Dual Process Models to Explain Substance Use	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						life history strategies; dual process models; substance use	ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FUTURE ORIENTATION; SENSATION SEEKING; GENERAL FACTOR; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY; PERSPECTIVE; ADDICTION	Researchers have recently applied evolutionary life history theory to the understanding of behaviors often conceived of as prosocial or antisocial. In addition, researchers have applied cognitive science to the understanding of substance use and used dual process models, where explicit cognitive processes are modeled as relatively distinct from implicit cognitive processes, to explain and predict substance use behaviors. In this paper we synthesized these two theoretical perspectives to produce an adaptive and cognitive framework for explaining substance use. We contend that this framework provides new insights into the nature of substance use that may be valuable for both clinicians and researchers.	[Richardson, George B.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA; [Hardesty, Patrick] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA	Richardson, GB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.	george.richardson@uc.edu					Adams J, 2009, HEALTH PSYCHOL, V28, P529, DOI 10.1037/a0015198; Allen TJ, 1998, DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN, V50, P137, DOI 10.1016/S0376-8716(98)00023-4; Beck A. 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Psychol.		2012	10	4					731	749		10.1177/147470491201000408				19	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	066DP	WOS:000313200700008	23213672	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Tybur, JM; Bryan, AD; Hooper, AEC				Tybur, Joshua M.; Bryan, Angela D.; Hooper, Ann E. Caldwell			An Evolutionary Perspective on Health Psychology: New Approaches and Applications	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						health psychology; life history theory; tradeoffs; pathogen avoidance	PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; OBESITY EPIDEMIC; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-TAKING; USE CONDOMS; US ADULTS; LIFE; INTENTIONS	Although health psychologists' efforts to understand and promote health are most effective when guided by theory, health psychology has not taken full advantage of theoretical insights provided by evolutionary psychology. Here, we argue that evolutionary perspectives can fruitfully inform strategies for addressing some of the challenges facing health psychologists. Evolutionary psychology's emphasis on modular, functionally specialized psychological systems can inform approaches to understanding the myriad behaviors grouped under the umbrella of "health," as can theoretical perspectives used by evolutionary anthropologists, biologists, and psychologists (e.g., Life History Theory). We detail some early investigations into evolutionary health psychology, and we provide suggestions for directions for future research.	[Tybur, Joshua M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Social & Org Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Bryan, Angela D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Hooper, Ann E. Caldwell] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Tybur, JM (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Social & Org Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands.	j.m.tybur@vu.nl	Tybur, Joshua/P-5435-2014	Tybur, Joshua/0000-0002-0462-6508			Albarracin D, 2005, PSYCHOL BULL, V131, P856, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.856; Andersen LG, 2009, PLOS ONE, V4, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008192; BARALDI E, 1991, EUR J PEDIATR, V150, P713, DOI 10.1007/BF01958761; Barkow L. 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M., PSYCHOL REV IN PRESS; Tybur JM, 2011, PSYCHOL SCI, V22, P478, DOI 10.1177/0956797611400096; Vickers MH, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V285, pR271, DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00051.2003; Warburton DER, 2006, CAN MED ASSOC J, V174, P801, DOI 10.1503/cmaj.051351; Webb TL, 2006, PSYCHOL BULL, V132, P249, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249; WILSON M, 1985, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V6, P59, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(85)90041-X	74	6	6	0	33	SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC	THOUSAND OAKS	2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA	1474-7049			EVOL PSYCHOL-US	Evol. Psychol.		2012	10	5					855	867		10.1177/147470491201000508				13	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	066EV	WOS:000313204100008	23253791	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Mobaek, R; Mysterud, A; Holand, O; Austrheim, G				Mobaek, Ragnhild; Mysterud, Atle; Holand, Oystein; Austrheim, Gunnar			Age class, density and temporal effects on diet composition of sheep in an alpine ecosystem	BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY			English	Article						Climate effects; Density dependence; Foraging; Life history; Large mammals; Seasonality; Sheep	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; LARGE HERBIVORE; RED DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HABITAT SELECTION; BIGHORN EWES; PATTERNS; DEPENDENCE; SYNCHRONY; PHENOLOGY	Understanding diet selection is important since diet determines energy intake and therefore growth of ungulate populations. Yet very few studies have reported annual variation in diet. Density-dependent diet choice by large herbivores has been reported several times, but these studies are typically either short-term or they lack replication of the density treatment. In a landscape-scale experiment with 3 replicates of two densities (25 and 80 individuals/km(2)) of domestic sheep, we determined diet composition using microhistological analysis during 6 summer grazing seasons (2002-2007) in alpine habitats. We tested how age class, density and temporal variation (within season, annually, and over years) affected summer diet. There was marked evidence of additive effects of these factors on overall diet composition, but interactions were few. The interaction between density and annual variation was an important determinant of the proportion of the main forage component (Avenella flexuosa), but not of the proportions of herbs, Salix spp. and for "other" forage plants. Surprisingly, the density effect on this intermediate quality forage (A. flexuosa) was not consistent among years (both positive, negative and no effects), likely arising due to large variation in the proportion of the other forage plants. We discuss how foraging ecology can supplement the insight from life history theory in explaining variation in vital rates.	[Mysterud, Atle] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; [Mobaek, Ragnhild; Holand, Oystein] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, NO-1432 As, Norway; [Austrheim, Gunnar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Sect Nat Hist, Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Mysterud, A (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, POB 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.	atle.mysterud@bio.uio.no			Research Council of Norway [Pr. 183268/S30]; Directorate for nature management; Norwegian University of Life Sciences	The study was financed by the Research Council of Norway (Pr. 183268/S30 and YFF to AM), the Directorate for nature management, and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (PhD scholarship to RM). We thank Kyrre Kausrud, Camilla Iversen, Kristina Ehrlinger, Lars Korslund, Stephen Parfitt and Harald Askilsrud for collecting faeces samples, and Barbro Dahlberg for performing the microhistological analyses. We are grateful to Jean-Michel Gaillard, Ivar Herfindal, Rene Van der Wal and two anonymous referees for helpful comments to a previous draft, and to Leif Egil Loe and Nigel G. Yoccoz for help with script to plot mixed-effect models.	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J	Lloyd, MJ; Metaxas, A; deYoung, B				Lloyd, Michelle J.; Metaxas, Anna; deYoung, Brad			Patterns in vertical distribution and their potential effects on transport of larval benthic invertebrates in a shallow embayment	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Vertical migration; Temperature; Fluorescence; Diel period; Water column structure; Larval behavior; Larval transport; Biophysical model parameters	RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII BRACHYURA; PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; SCALLOP LARVAE; FOOD PATCHES; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; MIGRATION BEHAVIOR; OFFSHORE TRANSPORT; BIVALVE LARVAE; WATER COLUMN; SEA	Measurements of larval vertical distributions at high temporal and spatial resolutions as well as larval behavioural responses to environmental characteristics are needed to parameterize bio-physical models of larval dispersal or transport. We studied larval vertical distribution for 7 taxonomic groups (gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, bryozoans, asteroids, carideans and brachyurans), with different morphology, swimming abilities and life-history strategies, and examined whether these vary with physical or biological factors and periodic cycles (diel period and tidal state) in the field. Using a pump, we collected plankton samples at 6 depths (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 m), over a 36 and a 26 h period. Temperature, salinity, fluorescence and current velocity were measured concurrently. Larval vertical distribution varied among taxonomic groups, but 4 patterns could be distinguished: (1) larvae exclusively in the mixed layer (asteroids), (2) larvae predominantly below the thermocline, halocline and pycnocline (gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes), (3) larvae associated predominantly with the fluorescence maximum (bryozoans and carideans) and (4) larval distribution varying dielly (gastropods, polychaetes, carideans and brachyurans). Based on flow velocities and depending on distribution, asteroid larvae were likely to be transported farther than those of bryozoans and carideans, while direction and magnitude of transport varied for the other larvae. For most taxonomic groups, behaviour observed in the field agreed with measured laboratory responses to relevant cues. For asteroids and bivalves, simple behavioural parameters can be generated that can be utilized to improve the accuracy of biophysical models.	[Lloyd, Michelle J.; Metaxas, Anna] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [deYoung, Brad] Mem Univ, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada	Lloyd, MJ (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.	michelle.lloyd@dal.ca			NSERC Strategic Network CHONe; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); CHONe; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Dalhousie University	We thank R. Daigle, J. Short, S. Henderson, D. Ross, R. Stanley, J. Foley and J. Hrycik for assistance in the field; M. Merrimen, J. Lindley, W. Judge, D. Shillinger, C. Taggart and J. Grant for providing and assisting with equipment; A. Roy and R. Horricks for assistance in the laboratory; T. Ross, K.Colbo and M. Lesperance for assistance with data processing. This study was done within the Canadian Healthy Oceans Network (CHONe). The research was funded by grants from the NSERC Strategic Network CHONe to A. M. and B.deY., and by a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant to A. M. M. J. L. was supported by fellowships from NSERC, CHONe and the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Dalhousie University. Biogeographical data contained in this study will be submitted to the Oceanographic Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and may be accessed on-line at www.iobis.org	Baker P, 2003, ESTUARIES, V26, P837, DOI 10.1007/BF02803342; BROOKINS KG, 1985, ESTUARIES, V8, P60, DOI 10.2307/1352122; Burdett-Coutts V, 2004, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V308, P221, DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.02.023; CHIA FS, 1984, CAN J ZOOL, V62, P1205, DOI 10.1139/z84-176; CRONIN TW, 1986, B MAR SCI, V39, P192; Daigle RM, 2011, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V409, P89, DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.08.008; DARO MH, 1974, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V44, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF00187267; deYoung B, 2010, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE, P89; DiBacco C, 2001, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V217, P191, DOI 10.3354/meps217191; dos Santos A, 2008, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V359, P171, DOI 10.3354/meps07341; FORWARD RB, 1989, MAR BIOL, V101, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF00391455; FORWARD RB, 1985, MAR BIOL, V90, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF00428209; Gallager SM, 1996, MAR BIOL, V124, P679, DOI 10.1007/BF00351049; Garland ED, 2002, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V47, P803, DOI 10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0803; Garrison LP, 1999, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V176, P103, DOI 10.3354/meps176103; Gawarkiewicz G, 2007, OCEANOGRAPHY, V20, P40, DOI 10.5670/oceanog.2007.28; Gilbert CS, 2010, PROG OCEANOGR, V87, P37, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.021; Greenwood A, 2001, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V81, P213, DOI 10.1017/S0025315401003666; Hays GC, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V503, P163, DOI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008476.23617.b0; Huebert KB, 2011, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V56, P1653, DOI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.5.1653; Kingsford MJ, 2002, B MAR SCI, V70, P309; Lesperance M., 2011, ANAL PHYS OCEANOGRAP; Lloyd MJ, 2012, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V464, P135, DOI 10.3354/meps09872; MANN R, 1991, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V68, P257; Manuel JL, 1997, J PLANKTON RES, V19, P1929, DOI 10.1093/plankt/19.12.1929; Manuel JL, 1996, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V142, P147, DOI 10.3354/meps142147; Martin D, 1997, J PLANKTON RES, V19, P2079, DOI 10.1093/plankt/19.12.2079; MCCONNAUGHEY RA, 1984, MAR BIOL, V81, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF00393112; Metaxas A, 2006, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V334, P187, DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2006.01.025; Metaxas A, 1998, MAR BIOL, V130, P433, DOI 10.1007/s002270050264; Metaxas A, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P86, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-58-1-86; Metaxas A, 2009, BIOL BULL-US, V216, P257; MILEIKOVSKY SA, 1973, MAR BIOL, V23, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF00394107; North EW, 2008, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V359, P99, DOI 10.3354/meps07317; Ouellet P, 2006, FISH OCEANOGR, V15, P373, DOI 10.1111/j-1365-2419.2005.00394.x; PEARSE JS, 1986, B MAR SCI, V39, P477; Pechenik J.A., 1987, P551; PENNINGTON JT, 1986, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V104, P69, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90098-5; PETIPA TS, 1955, DOKL AKAD NAUK SSSR+, V104, P323; PETRIE B, 1978, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V35, P1116, DOI 10.1139/f78-176; Poulin E, 2002, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V47, P1248, DOI 10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.1248; Prairie JC, 2010, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V55, P1943, DOI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.1943; RABY D, 1994, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V103, P275, DOI 10.3354/meps103275; Sameoto JA, 2008, BIOL BULL-US, V214, P329, DOI 10.2307/25470674; Sameoto JA, 2008, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V367, P131, DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.09.003; Shanks Alan L., 1995, P323; Short J, 2013, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V93, P591, DOI 10.1017/S0025315412000768; Stow CA, 2009, J MARINE SYST, V76, P4, DOI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.03.011; Strathmann MF, 1987, REPROD DEV MARINE IN; Tamaki A, 2010, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V86, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.11.005; Tapia FJ, 2010, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V86, P265, DOI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.11.003; TREMBLAY MJ, 1990, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V61, P1, DOI 10.3354/meps061001; TREMBLAY MJ, 1990, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V67, P19, DOI 10.3354/meps067019; Woods Hole Science Center, 2011, SEA MAT MATLAB TOOLS; YOUNG CM, 1987, REPRODUCTION MARINE, V9, P385; Young Craig M., 1995, P249	56	11	11	1	62	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	469						37	52		10.3354/meps09983				16	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	043OK	WOS:000311553600004		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	McClanahan, TR; Humphries, AT				McClanahan, T. R.; Humphries, A. T.			Differential and slow life-history responses of fishes to coral reef closures	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Ecological indicators; Fisheries management; Life-history characteristics; Longevity; Marine protected areas; Succession; Reserves; Chronosequence	MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; POPULATION REGULATION; TROPHIC CASCADES; AMERICAN FISHES; FOOD WEBS; RESERVES; COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION; RECOVERY; BIODIVERSITY	Life-history strategies are expected to underlie key ecological responses to disturbances and are becoming increasingly important in evaluations of the increasing frequency and magnitude of anthropogenic and climate stressors. Here, we evaluate changes in life histories of coral reef fishes after fishing disturbance, including feeding (mean trophic level), growth, reproduction, and mortality characteristics using a 42 yr fish biomass chronosequence created by Kenya's fisheries closures. As expected, the longer the closure, or time since fishing disturbance, the greater the mean age and body size metrics, and the lower the growth rate and mortality metrics. Unexpectedly, a linear decline in the mean trophic level of the fish community with the age of fisheries closure was found and was attributable to relatively slow recovery of the abundant herbivores. Trophic level and other life-history metrics were not significantly correlated with one another, and the life histories of herbivorous fishes (e. g. Acanthuridae, Scaridae) produced these weak relationships. None of the life-history metrics displayed clear leveling after 42 yr of closure, which corroborates other findings that indicate that the closures do not represent undisturbed or pristine ecosystems. Growth, reproduction, and mortality parameters are most influenced by the cessation of fishing, and these metrics indicate that herbivorous fishes can be slow to fully recover, necessitating appropriate restrictions to insure their populations and associated ecological functions are maintained.	[McClanahan, T. R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA; [Humphries, A. T.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Coastal Res Grp, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa; [Humphries, A. T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Coral Reef Conservat Project, Mombasa, Kenya	McClanahan, TR (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.	tmcclanahan@wcs.org		McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584	Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association; Tiffany; McBean; John D. MacArthur Foundation; Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation	This work was supported by grants to the Wildlife Conservation Society from the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, and the Tiffany, McBean, and John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundations. Kenya's Office of the President provided clearance to do research in Kenya, Kenya Wildlife Services provided permission to work in the parks, and Kiruwitu Community Organization (Vipingo) provided permission to work in their closure. We are grateful for the assistance of E. Mbaru and C. Ruiz Sebastian for organizing the data and T. Branch, A. MacNeil, and E. Darling for statistical advice.	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Ser.		2012	469						121	131		10.3354/meps10009				11	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	043OK	WOS:000311553600010		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Dawe, EG; Mullowney, DR; Moriyasu, M; Wade, E				Dawe, Earl G.; Mullowney, Darrell R.; Moriyasu, Mikio; Wade, Elmer			Effects of temperature on size-at-terminal molt and molting frequency in snow crab Chionoecetes opilio from two Canadian Atlantic ecosystems	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Snow crab; Terminal molt; Molting frequency; Size; Temperature; Atlantic Canada	EASTERN BERING-SEA; ST-LAWRENCE; BONNE BAY; BREEDING MIGRATION; BENTHIC STAGES; SOUTHERN GULF; MAJIDAE; BRACHYURA; GROWTH; NEWFOUNDLAND	The effect of temperature on molting frequency and size-at-terminal molt of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio was investigated and compared between 2 Canadian Atlantic ecosystems based on spring and summer surveys. We found that the size-at-terminal molt was directly related to temperature but that the effect of temperature was much clearer and occurred at smaller sizes for females than for males. By focusing on recently molted (new-shelled) crabs, we showed that size-at-terminal molt is conditioned by temperature over a variable number of instars and intermolt periods leading up to the terminal molt. Crabs of both sexes larger than about 50 mm carapace width (CW), on annual molting schedules, sometimes skipped a molt. The frequency of skip-molting differed between the areas and sexes, and was directly related to size and inversely related to temperature. We develop a hypothesis to explain the relationships of terminal size with temperature and molting frequency that is consistent with life-history theory and snow crab bioenergetics and considers differences between the sexes. The implications to natural mortality and recruitment to fisheries are also discussed.	[Dawe, Earl G.; Mullowney, Darrell R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada; [Moriyasu, Mikio; Wade, Elmer] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada	Dawe, EG (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.	earl.dawe@dfo-mpo.gc.ca					Alunno-Bruscia M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P459, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-2-459; Biron M, 2008, FISH RES, V91, P260, DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.11.029; Brose U, 2010, FUNCT ECOL, V24, P28, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01618.x; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Burmeister A, 2010, POLAR BIOL, V33, P775, DOI 10.1007/s00300-009-0755-6; Choi JS, 2007, 2007017 DFO CAN SCI; Comeau M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P262, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-1-262; CONAN GY, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P1710, DOI 10.1139/f86-214; Conan GY, 1992, CAN TECH REP FISH AQ; Dawe E, 2011, 2011073 DFO CAN SCI; Dawe EG, 2010, FISH RES, V101, P70, DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.09.008; Dawe EG, 2002, LOW WAKE FI, V19, P577; Dawe EG, 1997, 9707 DFO CAN SCI ADV; Dawe EG, 2008, 2008B02 ICES CM; Doubleday W. 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G, 1982, BIOL CRUSTACEA, P11; HARTNOLL RG, 1993, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V13, P647, DOI 10.2307/1549095; Hebert M, 2002, CRUSTACEANA, V75, P671, DOI 10.1163/156854002760202679; Hebert M, 2011, 2011082 DFO CAN SCI; HINES AH, 1989, B MAR SCI, V45, P356; LOVRICH GA, 1995, CAN J ZOOL, V73, P1712, DOI 10.1139/z95-203; Marcello LA, 2012, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V469, P249, DOI 10.3354/meps09766; Maynard DR, 1987, P OCEANS 87 OC INT W, V3, P962; McCallum B, 1996, NAFO SCI COUNCIL STU, V29, P93; Moriyasu Mikio, 2011, V15, P95; OHALLORAN MJ, 1988, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V8, P164, DOI 10.2307/1548309; Orensanz JM, 2007, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V27, P576; Paul A.J., 2001, Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, V8, P132; Sainte-Marie B, 1999, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V181, P141, DOI 10.3354/meps181141; SAINTE-MARIE B, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1282, DOI 10.1139/f92-144; SAINTE-MARIE B, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P903, DOI 10.1139/f95-091; Sainte-Marie B, 1998, 9838 DFO CAN SCI ADV; Sainte-Marie B, 2008, B MAR SCI, V83, P131; TAYLOR DM, 1985, FISH B-NOAA, V83, P707; Thompson R.J., 1990, P INT S KING TANN CR, P283; van der Meer J, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P136, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.004; Walsh SJ, 1996, NAFO SCI COUN STUDIE, V29, P105	45	12	12	0	19	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630			MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	469						279	296		10.3354/meps09793				18	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	043OK	WOS:000311553600022		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Lin, LH; Mao, F; Chen, C; Ji, X				Lin, Long-Hui; Mao, Fei; Chen, Ce; Ji, Xiang			Reproductive traits of the gray ratsnake Ptyas korros from three geographically distinct populations	CURRENT ZOOLOGY			English	Article						Colubridae; Life-history; Reproductive output; Egg size; Clutch size; Geographical variation; Egg-laying date	CROTALUS-VIRIDIS-OREGANUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EGG-SIZE; OFFSPRING SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TRADE-OFFS; VIVIPAROUS SNAKE; ELAPHE-CARINATA; KING RATSNAKE	We collected gravid gray rat snakes Ptyas korros from three geographically distinct populations in China, Chenzhou (CZ), Jiangshan (JS) and Dinghai (DH), to study geographical variation in female reproductive traits. Egg-laying dates differed among the three populations such that at the most northern latitude egg-laying was latest, and earliest at the most southern latitutde. Clutch size, clutch mass, egg mass, egg shape, within clutch variability in egg sizes and relative clutch mass differed among the three populations, whereas post-oviposition body mass did not. Except for egg-laying date, none of the traits examined varied in a geographically continuous trend. CZ and DH females, although separated by a distance of approximately 1100 km as the crow flies, were similar in nearly all traits examined. JS females were distinguished from CZ and DH females by their higher fecundity (clutch size), greater reproductive output (clutch mass) and more rounded eggs. Our data do not validate the prediction that larger offspring should be produced in colder localities. The absence of an egg size-number trade-off in each of the three populations presumably suggests that P. korros is among species where eggs are well optimized for size within a population [Current Zoology 58 (6): 820-827, 2012].	[Chen, Ce; Ji, Xiang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Biodivers & Biotechnol, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Lin, Long-Hui; Mao, Fei] Hangzhou Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hangzhou Key Lab Anim Adaptat & Evolut, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, Peoples R China	Ji, X (reprint author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Biodivers & Biotechnol, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.	xji@mail.hz.zj.cn			Natural Science Foundation of China [30770378, 31071910]; Zhejiang Provincial Foundation of Natural Science [Z3090461]; Hangzhou Bureau of Science and Technology [20100332T20]; Zhejiang Department of Science and Technology for Innovation Teams [2010R50039-26]	The work was carried out in compliance with the current laws on animal welfare and research in China, and was supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of China (30770378 and 31071910), Zhejiang Provincial Foundation of Natural Science (Z3090461), Hangzhou Bureau of Science and Technology (20100332T20) and Zhejiang Department of Science and Technology for Innovation Teams (2010R50039-26). We thank Jian-Fang Gao, Rui-Bin Hu, Yan-Fu Qu and Ling Zhang for their help during the research.	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Zool.		2012	58	6					820	827		10.1093/czoolo/58.6.820				8	Zoology	Zoology	034CA	WOS:000310846500005		DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Baudisch, A				Baudisch, Annette			Birds Do It, Bees Do It, We Do It: Contributions of Theoretical Modelling to Understanding the Shape of Ageing across the Tree of Life	GERONTOLOGY			English	Article						Ageing; Trade-offs; Modelling; Mortality; Theory; Comparative approach	OPTIMAL RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; OPTIMALITY THEORY; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; AGE; HISTORIES; MORTALITY; GROWTH	Organisms of different species age differently. Current theory explains why life should get worse, i.e. why patterns of increasing risk of death should evolve. However, for some species the risk of death remains constant or even falls with advancing age. Evolutionary theory to explain the observed diversity of shapes of ageing is lacking. Theoretical models can provide insights into this diversity. Comparing assumptions of models that find increasing mortality patterns with models that find a variety of patterns, including constant and falling mortality over age, I identify conditions that licence constant or negative shapes of ageing. The results suggest that patterns of improvement and maintenance over age emerge when models potentially allow organisms to (1) escape the 'damage ratchet', (2) achieve maintenance and repair in parallel, (3) face increasing future reproductive potential and (4) incorporate flexible trade-offs. With these insights, theoretical models contribute to hypotheses about which species may follow life history strategies of negligible or negative ageing. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel	Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Max Planck Res Grp Modelling Evolut Ageing, DE-18057 Rostock, Germany	Baudisch, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Max Planck Res Grp Modelling Evolut Ageing, Konrad Zuse Str 1, DE-18057 Rostock, Germany.	baudisch@demogr.mpg.de					Abrams PA, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P1055, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04433.x; Baudisch A, 2008, INEVITABLE SENESCENC; Baudisch A, 2011, METHODS ECOL EVOL, V2, P375, DOI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00087.x; Bouwhuis S, 2012, AM NAT, V179, pE15, DOI 10.1086/663194; Bronikowski AM, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P271, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.03.011; Caswell H, 2007, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V22, P173, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2007.01.006; Charnov EL, 2005, EVOL ECOL RES, V7, P1221; CHARNOV EL, 1976, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V9, P129, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(76)90040-X; Chu CYC, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V69, P193, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2005.11.004; Cichon M, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1383, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0192; Cichon M, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P857; Cichon M, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P180, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00243.x; Clark JR., 1983, J ARBORICULT, V9, P201; DEJONG G, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P749, DOI 10.1086/285356; Finch C.E, 1990, LONGEVITY SENESCENCE; Finch CE, 2009, GERONTOLOGY, V55, P307, DOI 10.1159/000215589; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; Hamel S, 2010, ECOL LETT, V13, P915, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01478.x; HAMILTON WD, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P12, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6; KIRKWOOD TBL, 1991, PHILOS T R SOC B, V332, P15, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1991.0028; KIRKWOOD TBL, 1977, NATURE, V270, P301, DOI 10.1038/270301a0; Kirkwood TBL, 1986, SOC STUDY HUMAN BIOL, P1; Kozlowski J, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P559, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0084; Mangel M, 2005, AM NAT, V166, pE155, DOI 10.1086/444439; Martinez DE, 1998, EXP GERONTOL, V33, P217, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00113-7; Medawar P.B., 1952, UNIQUENESS INDIVIDUA, P44; Monaghan P, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P371, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01418.x; Moorad JA, 2010, CURR BIOL, V20, pR406, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.016; Munch SB, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P16604, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0601735103; PARKER GA, 1990, NATURE, V348, P27, DOI 10.1038/348027a0; PARTRIDGE L, 1991, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V332, P3, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1991.0027; PIANKA ER, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P453, DOI 10.1086/283013; PYKE GH, 1977, Q REV BIOL, V52, P137, DOI 10.1086/409852; Rebke M, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P7841, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1002645107; Robson AJ, 2007, AM ECON REV, V97, P492, DOI 10.1257/aer.97.2.492; ROFF DA, 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Salguero-Gomez R, 2010, J ECOL, V98, P312, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01616.x; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P291, DOI 10.2307/1935217; Seymour RM, 2007, PLOS COMPUT BIOL, V3, P2580, DOI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030256; Sgro CM, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P2521, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5449.2521; Silvertown J, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P1; SMITH JM, 1978, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V9, P31, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.000335; Sozou PD, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P457, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2614; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stephens D. W, 1986, FORAGING THEORY; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Vaupel JW, 2004, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V65, P339, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2003.12.003; Wensink MJ, 2012, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V13, P197, DOI 10.1007/s10522-011-9362-3; West GB, 2001, NATURE, V413, P628, DOI 10.1038/35098076; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; Williams PD, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P458, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.008	52	11	11	0	17	KARGER	BASEL	ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND	0304-324X			GERONTOLOGY	Gerontology		2012	58	6					481	489		10.1159/000341861				9	Geriatrics & Gerontology	Geriatrics & Gerontology	030HR	WOS:000310562300001	22948534	Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Jonason, PK; Schmitt, DP				Jonason, Peter K.; Schmitt, David P.			What Have You Done For Me Lately? Friendship-Selection in the Shadow of the Dark Triad Traits	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Dark Triad; friendship; evolutionary psychology; narcissism; psychopathy; Machiavellianism	OPPOSITE-SEX FRIENDSHIP; TERM MATING STRATEGY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; GENETIC SIMILARITY; NARCISSISM; PERSONALITY; EVOLUTION; SOCIOBIOLOGY; MANIPULATION; COOPERATION	The current studies examined how the Dark Triad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) facilitate the strategic structuring of an individual's social environment in terms of same- and opposite-sex friends. In one study using normative questions (N = 267) and another using a budget-allocation task (N = 114), we found that the Dark Triad traits were associated with choosing friends for strategic purposes and to create a volatile environment. Narcissistic individuals reported relatively more reasons to form friendships, such as shared interests, makes me feel good, and intelligence. Women high in narcissism chose same-sex friends who were attractive and women high on Machiavellianism chose same-sex friends who have social status. Men high on psychopathy devalued traits associated with good social relationships in favor of friends who could facilitate their mating efforts and to offset risks incurred in their life history strategy. Results are discussed using the selection-manipulation-evocation framework for explaining how personality traits interact with social environments and integrated with findings from evolutionary biology.	[Jonason, Peter K.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Psychol, Bankstown, NSW, Australia; [Schmitt, David P.] Bradley Univ, Dept Psychol, Peoria, IL 61625 USA	Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Psychol, Bankstown, NSW, Australia.	p.jonason@uws.edu.au					Ackerman JM, 2009, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V35, P1285, DOI 10.1177/0146167209335640; Aitken S., 2010, J SOCIAL EVOLUTIONAR, V4, P194, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099290; Alexander R.D., 1979, SOCIAL EXCHANGE DEV, P197; Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; AXELROD R, 1981, SCIENCE, V211, P1390, DOI 10.1126/science.7466396; Benenson JF, 2009, PSYCHOL SCI, V20, P184, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02269.x; Bleske AL, 2000, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V7, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2000.tb00008.x; Bleske-Rechek AL, 2001, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V27, P1310, DOI 10.1177/01461672012710007; Bogart LA, 2004, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V26, P35, DOI 10.1207/s15324834basp2601_4; Braun V, 2006, QUALITATIVE RES PSYC, V3, P71, DOI DOI 10.1191/1478088706QP0630A; Buffardi LE, 2008, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V34, P1303, DOI 10.1177/0146167208320061; BULMER M, 1979, SOCIOL REV, V27, P651, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1979.tb00354.x; BUSS DM, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V52, P1219, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.52.6.1219; BUSS DM, 1992, J PERS, V60, P477, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00981.x; BUSS DM, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P1214, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1214; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; BUSS DM, 1984, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V47, P361, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.47.2.361; Caine Nancy G., 1993, P200; Christie R, 1970, STUDIES MACHIAVELLIA; Connor RC, 2003, ANIMAL SOCIAL COMPLEXITY, P115; Cosmides L., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P163, DOI DOI 10.1098/RSTB.2006.1991; Costa Jr P. 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Psychol.		2012	10	3					400	421		10.1177/147470491201000303				22	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	020JX	WOS:000309805900003	22947669	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Rudolf, VHW; Sorrell, I; Pedersen, AB				Rudolf, Volker H. W.; Sorrell, Ian; Pedersen, Amy B.			Revenge of the host: cannibalism, ontogenetic niche shifts, and the evolution of life-history strategies in host-parasitoid systems	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						cannibalism; life-history evolution; mutual predation; ontogenetic niche shift; role reversal; size structure	STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; MICROPLITIS-DEMOLITOR; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; INSECT PARASITOIDS; TOP PREDATORS; FOOD-WEB; DYNAMICS; CONSEQUENCES; SIZE	Question: How does cannibalism in the host alter the evolution of a parasitoid's oviposition strategy? Can differences in cannibalism risk between parasitized and healthy hosts alter the stage-specific foraging of parasitoids? Can host-specific differences in cannibalistic behaviour explain why parasitoids vary in what host stages they attack? Mathematical methods: We examined the evolutionary dynamics of a stage-structured host parasitoid model using two complementary approaches: (I) individual-based numerical simulations of evolutionary dynamics, and (2) the theory of adaptive dynamics focusing on evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs). Assumptions: Cannibalism in the host is assumed to be stage structured, with larger stages consuming smaller stages. The consumption of parasitized hosts also results in killing of the parasitoid's offspring. Vulnerability to cannibalism of parasitized versus healthy hosts was allowed to vary. The parasitoid's preference for attacking early versus late host stages was the trait under selection and allowed to evolve. Results: When cannibalism rates increase relative to the parasitoid's attack rates, the ESS of the parasitoid shifts from attacking only early host stages to attacking only late host stages. This shift occurs at lower cannibalism rates when parasitized hosts are more susceptible to cannibalism than healthy hosts. Under equilibrium conditions, a small boundary area exists between these two regions where attacking only early or only late host stages are alternative ESSs. The threshold and alternative stable ESSs are the result of cannibalism, which creates a positive feedback between the parasitoid's oviposition rate and its own mortality. Intermediate strategies, where parasitoids evolve to attack both stages, occur only when host populations exhibit large population oscillations or when generalist parasitoids that attack both stages have a foraging advantage.	[Rudolf, Volker H. W.] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA; [Sorrell, Ian] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Math & Stat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; [Pedersen, Amy B.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland	Rudolf, VHW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA.	volker.rudol@rice.edu		Pedersen, Amy/0000-0002-1385-1360	NSF [DEB-0841686]; Wellcome Trust [095831]	This work was supported in part by NSF DEB-0841686 to V.H.W.R. A.B.P. was funded by an Advanced Fellowship as part of a Wellcome Trust Strategic Grant for the Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution (grant reference 095831).	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Ecol. Res.	JAN	2012	14	1					31	49						19	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	022GE	WOS:000309944900002					2019-02-21	
J	Rahman, MA; Yusoff, FM; Arshad, A; Shamsudin, MN; Amin, SMN				Rahman, M. Aminur; Yusoff, Fatimah Md; Arshad, A.; Shamsudin, Mariana Nor; Amin, S. M. N.			Embryonic, Larval, and Early Juvenile Development of the Tropical Sea Urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)	SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL			English	Article							GENUS ECHINOMETRA; GROWTH; METAMORPHOSIS; OKINAWA; HYBRIDS; FORM; CLYPEASTEROIDA; TEMPERATURE; INDUCTION; PRODUCTS	Salmacis sphaeroides (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the regular echinoids, occuring in the warm Indo-West Pacific, including Johor Straits, between Malaysia and Singapore. In order to investigate the developmental basis of morphological changes in embryos and larvae, we documented the ontogeny of S. sphaeroides in laboratory condition. Gametes were obtained from adult individuals by 0.5 M KCl injection into the coelomic cavity. Fertilization rate at limited sperm concentration (10(-5) dilution) was 96.6 +/- 1.4% and the resulting embryos were reared at 24 degrees C. First cleavage (2-cell), 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, 32-cell, and multicell (Morulla) stages were achieved 01.12, 02.03, 02.28, 02.51, 03.12, and 03.32 h postfertilization. Ciliated blastulae with a mean length of 174.72 +/- 4.43 mu m hatched 08.45 h after sperm entry. The gastrulae formed 16.15 h postfertilization and the archenteron elongated constantly while ectodermal red-pigmented cells migrated synchronously to the apical plate. Pluteus larva started to feed unicellular algae in 2 d, grew continuously, and finally attained metamorphic competence in 35 d after fertilization. Metamorphosis took approximately 1 h 30 min from attachment to the complete resorption of larval tissues and the development of complete juvenile structure with adult spines, extended tubefeet and well-developed pedicellaria, the whole event of which usually took place within 1 d postsettlement. This study represents the first successful investigation on embryonic, larval, and early juvenile development of S. sphaeroides. The findings would greatly be helpful towards the understanding of ontogeny and life-history strategies, which will facilitate us to develop the breeding, seed production, and culture techniques of sea urchins in captive condition.	[Rahman, M. Aminur; Yusoff, Fatimah Md; Arshad, A.; Shamsudin, Mariana Nor] Univ Putra Malaysia, Lab Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biosci, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [Yusoff, Fatimah Md; Arshad, A.; Amin, S. M. N.] Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Aquaculture, Fac Agr, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia	Rahman, MA (reprint author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Lab Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biosci, Upm Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.	aminur1963@gmail.com	Amin, S.M.N./A-9962-2011	Amin, S.M.N./0000-0003-1489-4191; Arshad, Aziz/0000-0002-8305-0833	Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) through Research University Grant Scheme (RUGS)	The authors would like to extend our grateful thanks and appreciation to Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) for the financial support through Research University Grant Scheme (RUGS) during this study. Sincere thanks are also due to the science officers, research assistants, and students of the Lab. of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, UPM for their assistance and cooperation, which made this work successful.	Andrew N. 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J	Shelton, AO; Mangel, M				Shelton, Andrew O.; Mangel, Marc			Estimating von Bertalanffy parameters with individual and environmental variations in growth	JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS			English	Article							SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL METAANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; TAG-RECAPTURE DATA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; COHO SALMON; MODELING GROWTH; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SIZE	Variation among individuals is an ubiquitous feature of natural populations. However, the relative roles of intrinsic individual differences and stochastic processes in generating variation remain poorly understood. For somatic growth, identifying the contribution of individual and stochastic processes to observed variation in size has important implications both for basic and applied biology. Here we propose and develop methods for estimating individual variation in growth using size-at-age data. We modify the von Bertalanffy growth model to explicitly incorporate individual, environmental, and stochastic variation and provide analytic expressions for the mean and variance of length-at-age in populations. We use a Bayesian statistical model to estimate individual variation from length-at-age data and apply the model to simulated data to test its efficacy. Although a first step towards understanding individual variation, we demonstrate that estimating individual variation from observational samples is possible and provide a platform for future analytical and statistical developments.	[Shelton, Andrew O.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway	Shelton, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Mail Stop SOE-2, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	ole.shelton@noaa.gov; msmangel@ucsc.edu			Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA; University of California Santa Cruz; NSF [EF-0924195]	This work was supported by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA and the University of California Santa Cruz and by NSF grant EF-0924195 to MM. We thank E.J. Dick, S. Munch, W. Satterthwaite, and S. 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Biol. Dyn.		2012	6			2	SI		3	30		10.1080/17513758.2012.697195				28	Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	019AP	WOS:000309709600002	22882022	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Lloyd, MJ; Metaxas, A; deYoung, B				Lloyd, Michelle J.; Metaxas, Anna; deYoung, Brad			Physical and biological factors affect the vertical distribution of larvae of benthic gastropods in a shallow embayment	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Vertical migration; Temperature; Fluorescence; Lunar phase; Diel period; Tidal state; Water column structure; Stratification	MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; 9-M DEEP MESOCOSMS; PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; FOOD PATCHES; TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION; HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT; AVOIDING PREDATORS; TIDAL/DIEL MODEL; CREPIDULA-PLANA; SCALLOP LARVAE	Marine gastropods form a diverse taxonomic group, yet little is known about the factors that affect their larval distribution and abundance. We investigated the larval vertical distribution and abundance of 9 meroplanktonic gastropod taxa (Margarites spp., Crepidula spp., Astyris lunata, Diaphana minuta, Littorinimorpha, Arrhoges occidentalis, Ilyanassa spp., Bittiolum alternatum and Nudibranchia), with similar morphology and swimming abilities, but different adult habitats and life-history strategies. We explored the role of physical (temperature, salinity, density, current velocities) and biological (fluorescence) factors, as well as periodic cycles (lunar phase, tidal state, diel period) in regulating larval vertical distribution. Using a pump, we collected plankton samples at 6 depths (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 m) at each tidal state, every 2 h over a 36 and a 26 h period, during a spring and neap tide, respectively, in St. George's Bay, Nova Scotia. Concurrently, we measured temperature, salinity, density, fluorescence (as a proxy for chlorophyll, i.e. phytoplankton density), and current velocity. Larval abundance was most strongly related to temperature, except for Littorinimorpha and Crepidula spp., for which it was most strongly related to fluorescence. Margarites spp., A. lunata, Ilyanassa spp. and B. alternatum exhibited either diel or reverse-diel vertical migration during 1 or both lunar phases. For Crepidula spp., Littorinimorpha, A. occidentalis and Nudibranchia, larval vertical distribution differed between lunar phases. Only the larval vertical distribution of Margarites spp., D. minuta and Ilyanassa spp. varied with tidal state during 1 or both lunar phases. The key factors determining the vertical distribution of gastropod larvae were temperature, fluorescence, and light, although the importance of each factor varied among taxa. Differences in vertical distribution may enable these larvae to partition over a wide range of potential habitats for settlement.	[Lloyd, Michelle J.; Metaxas, Anna] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [deYoung, Brad] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada	Lloyd, MJ (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.	michelle.lloyd@dal.ca			National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Strategic Network CHONe; NSERC Discovery Grant; NSERC, CHONe; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Dalhousie University	We thank R. Daigle, J. Short, S. Henderson, D. Ross, R. Stanley, J. Foley and J. Hrycik for assistance in the field; M. Merrimen, J. Lindley, W. Judge, D. Schillinger, C. Taggart and J. Grant for providing and assisting with equipment; A. Roy and R. Horricks for assistance in the laboratory; T. Ross, K. Colbo, and M. Lesperance for assistance with data processing. This study was part of the Canadian Healthy Oceans Network (CHONe). The research was funded by grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Strategic Network CHONe to A. M. and B. deY., and by a NSERC Discovery Grant to A. M.. M. J. L. was supported by fellowships from NSERC, CHONe, and the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Dalhousie University. Biogeographical data contained in this study will be submitted to the Oceanographic Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and may be accessed on-line at www.iobis.org.	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Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	464						135	U168		10.3354/meps09872				21	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	010WP	WOS:000309125500009		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Macdonald, JI; Tonkin, ZD; Ramsey, DSL; Kaus, AK; King, AK; Crook, DA				Macdonald, Jed I.; Tonkin, Zeb D.; Ramsey, David S. L.; Kaus, Andrew K.; King, Alison K.; Crook, David A.			Do invasive eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) shape wetland fish assemblage structure in south-eastern Australia?	MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH			English	Article						alien species; Murray-Darling Basin; native fishes; niche overlap; occupancy models	FRESH-WATER FISH; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; FLOODPLAIN RIVER; COMMON CARP; PSEUDOMUGIL-SIGNIFER; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; IBERIAN PENINSULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLAGUE MINNOW; MURRAY RIVER	Defining the ecological impacts conferred by invasive fishes provides a framework for evaluating the feasibility of control efforts in invaded waterways, and for predicting the consequences of future incursions. Eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) is a remarkably successful invader of freshwater systems worldwide, with the capacity to detrimentally impact native fishes both directly (e.g. competition, predation, agonistic interactions) and indirectly (e.g. triggering trophic cascades). Here, we modelled the influence of eastern gambusia and several environmental covariates on fish species diversity, abundance and condition based on quantitative survey data collected from 93 wetlands in south-eastern Australia. We predicted that small-bodied, wetland specialist species sharing dietary-and habitat-niches with eastern gambusia would be most severely impacted, and that environmental stressors associated with wetland drying during late summer would magnify these impacts. Eastern gambusia influenced the occurrence, abundance and/or body condition of most common wetland species; however, the direction and level of impact appeared dependent on both biotic and environmental forces. From these results, we postulate that generalist life-history strategies that permit niche-segregation may release some native species from competitive/predatory pressures, allowing coexistence with eastern gambusia in resource-limited, environmentally harsh habitats, whilst specialist species that occupy narrower ecological niches may be less resistant.	[Macdonald, Jed I.; Tonkin, Zeb D.; Ramsey, David S. L.; Kaus, Andrew K.; King, Alison K.; Crook, David A.] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Sustainabil & Environm, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia	Macdonald, JI (reprint author), S Australian Res & Dev Inst, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia.	jedimacdonald@gmail.com		Crook, David/0000-0003-4035-050X	Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) through its Native Fish Strategy	This study was funded by the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) through its Native Fish Strategy. We greatly appreciate the contribution of Heleena Bamford (MDBA) in coordinating the project, and we thank Renae Ayres, Leah Beesley, Fern Hames (Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research), Dale McNeil (South Australian Research and Development Institute), Jamie Knight (New South Wales Department of Industry and Investment), David Maynard (Australian Maritime College), Kylie Hall and Wayne Fulton (Victorian Department of Primary Industries) for valuable input into the direction of the project. Thanks also to David Semmens (The University of Melbourne) for assistance in the field, and to Kerryn Herman (Birdlife Australia), Dale McNeil, Andrew Boulton and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript. 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Freshw. Res.		2012	63	8					659	671		10.1071/MF12019				13	Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	990ZR	WOS:000307671100001					2019-02-21	
J	Compton, TJ; Morrison, MA; Leathwick, JR; Carbines, GD				Compton, Tanya J.; Morrison, Mark A.; Leathwick, John R.; Carbines, Glen D.			Ontogenetic habitat associations of a demersal fish species, Pagrus auratus, identified using boosted regression trees	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Pagrus auratus; Fish; Essential fish habitat; Ecosystem management; Species distribution modelling	CORAL-REEF FISHES; JUVENILE SNAPPER; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; MARINE FISH; NEW-ZEALAND; COD GADUS; PREDICTION; RICHNESS; BIODIVERSITY	In coastal areas, the identification of habitat types critical to fish life history strategies can provide useful information for ecosystem-based management. Recent studies show that species distribution modelling can be a cost effective tool for describing fish habitat. However, few modelling studies have examined ontogenetic habitat associations. This is critical, as fish species often have different habitat preferences depending on their life stage. In this study, we used boosted regression trees (BRT) to describe ontogenetic habitat associations in snapper Pagrus auratus across the inner Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand. The BRT models identified that juvenile snapper were most frequently associated with slow orbital velocities and slow tidal current speeds, as well as biogenic sedimentary structures (area under the receiver operating curve or AUC, a measure of model performance, 0.79). In contrast, larger snapper were associated with faster tidal currents and faster orbital velocities (AUC 0.78). Juvenile and adult snapper were spatially separated; juvenile snapper occurred in waters close to shore, whereas large snapper occurred mainly in the channels between the islands and the waters around the islands. The successful discrimination of adult and juvenile habitat associations suggests that a modelling approach such as this could be useful for ecosystem-based management.	[Morrison, Mark A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Auckland 1149, New Zealand; [Compton, Tanya J.; Leathwick, John R.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; [Carbines, Glen D.] Stock Monitoring Serv Ltd, Auckland 0742, New Zealand	Compton, TJ (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Landsdiep 4, NL-1797 SZ T Horntje, Netherlands.	tanya.compton@nioz.nl			New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation programmes [CO1X0506, CO1X0907]	We thank B. Venables, P. Dunstan, F. Oehler and T. Diettrich for helpful comments on the statistics and modelling, M. Hadfield and R. Gorman for providing the physical variables, U. Shankar for providing GIS support, D. Parsons, N. Usmar, M. Rijkenberg and J. Hewitt for useful contributions to the manuscript and N. Lewis of the vessel 'Team Effort' for many nights of work in the field. This work was funded by New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation programmes CO1X0506 and CO1X0907. We thank 2 referees for their useful comments on this paper.	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Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	462						219	230		10.3354/meps09790				12	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	991TA	WOS:000307723300017		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Rao, LL; Wang, XT; Li, S				Rao, Li-Lin; Wang, Xiao-Tian; Li, Shu			Short-term modulation of temporal discounting in the view of life-history theory and optimal foraging theory	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY			English	Meeting Abstract									[Rao, Li-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China								0	0	0	0	1	PSYCHOLOGY PRESS	HOVE	27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND	0020-7594			INT J PSYCHOL	Int. J. Psychol.		2012	47			1	SI		176	176						1	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	986WU	WOS:000307377702144					2019-02-21	
J	Semmens, D; Swearer, SE				Semmens, D.; Swearer, S. E.			Trade-offs obscure the relationship between egg size and larval traits in the diadromous fish Galaxias maculatus	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Life history theory; Maternal effects; Offspring size; Phenotypic plasticity	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FRESH-WATER FISH; MATERNAL INFLUENCES; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; METABOLIC-RATES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION	Egg size is one of the most frequently used surrogate measures of maternal investment and is strongly related to fitness-determining traits, such as offspring size in many marine animals, but the relationship is not universal. Because the amount of yolk allocated to eggs is finite, not all fitness-determining traits can be simultaneously maximised, and trade-offs should be expected. The results of the present study show that egg size (quantified as cross-sectional area) poorly predicts the size of larval morphological traits (length, yolk sac area, oil globule area, myomere depth, and eye area) in the native Australian fish Galaxias maculatus. Egg size was correlated with yolk sac size and larval body depth, but it explained <13% of the total variation in these traits. Moreover, egg size did not predict the time it took for larvae to hatch, nor did it predict the duration from hatching to starvation. However, when egg size and yolk sac size (i.e. yolk remaining at hatching) were both included as predictors, the fits with larval traits improved greatly (r(2) = 0.02 to 0.46 for larval length, r(2) = 0.11 to 0.17 for myomere depth, and r(2) < 0.001 to 0.14 for eye area). These findings indicate that there is a trade-off between the quantity of yolk at hatching and the size of larval morphological traits in G. maculatus. The remaining unexplained variation may be a consequence of trade-offs with other unmeasured traits, such as metabolic rate, and the potential that egg size is not a good proxy for maternal investment.	[Semmens, D.; Swearer, S. E.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia	Semmens, D (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.	dasemm@unimelb.edu.au	Swearer, Stephen/X-4882-2018	Swearer, Stephen/0000-0001-6381-9943	Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant; Melbourne Research Scholarship	We thank M. Elgar, M. McCormick and 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant awarded to S.E.S, and D.S. was supported by a Melbourne Research Scholarship. These experiments complied with Australian law and were conducted with approval from the Animal Ethics Committee at the University of Melbourne.	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Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	461						165	174		10.3354/meps09814				10	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	986PF	WOS:000307354700013		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Martone, RG; Micheli, F				Martone, Rebecca G.; Micheli, Fiorenza			Geographic variation in demography of a temperate reef snail: importance of multiple life-history traits	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Demographic rates; Geographic variation; Megastraea undosa; Fisheries management; Temperature; Resource availability; Life history	BAJA-CALIFORNIA; MARKED ANIMALS; FOOD; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; POPULATION; FISHERIES; SURVIVAL; PSEUDOREPLICATION; INVERTEBRATE	Individual- and population-level performance may reflect trade-offs between energy allocation to different key demographic processes, such as growth and reproduction, which can, in turn, be influenced by local biotic and abiotic conditions. We explored geographic variation in demographic rates of an exploited benthic species, the wavy-turban snail Megastraea undosa, along the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico. We compared key life-history traits (i.e. fecundity, size at maturity, growth, and survivorship) of populations existing between 20 and 170 km apart under different conditions of ocean temperature and food availability. Trade-offs between growth and reproduction were evident across this environmental gradient, with higher growth rates in warmer locations leading to lower size-specific investment in gonad production. Because later onset of reproduction in populations from warmer areas was compensated by greater fecundity at larger sizes, geographic variation in life-history strategies resulted in similar age-specific reproductive output among different populations. However, we observed that, while there is substantial variation in demographic rates of the study species, harvest management is applied uniformly, and this results in southern populations achieving lower reproductive output before they reach a legally harvestable size. Our results highlight the importance of considering geographic variation in multiple life-history traits when managing across a mosaic of land-and seascapes characterized by varying environmental conditions.	[Martone, Rebecca G.; Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA	Martone, RG (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, 429-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.	rebecca.martone@gmail.com			NSF-Biocomplexity in the Environment Grant [OCE-0410439]; Stanford VPUE Faculty Grant for undergraduate research; Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust	We thank many people for their assistance in the field including, but not limited to, Alison Haupt, Rodrigo Beas, Geoff Shester, Caitlin Mulholland-Olson, Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza, Sergio Guzman-del-Proo, Jorge Belmar, Jorge Carillo, Fernando Lopez-Sala, Courtney Abshire, Tania Pena, and Laura Gonzalez. Thanks to Brandon Cortez for spending many hours in the histology laboratory and maintaining his sense of humor. Thanks to Russ Markel, Ole Shelton, and Uli Steiner for much appreciated statistical and R advice. Muchas gracias a FEDECOOP por su apoyo. We thank the people of Bahia Tortugas, Punta Abreojos, and La Bocana for their graciousness and support, especially Alejandro Villa and his family and Daniel Aguilar. This research was supported by NSF-Biocomplexity in the Environment Grant OCE-0410439, a Stanford VPUE Faculty Grant for undergraduate research, and a grant from the Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust.	Aguilar Rosas R, 1990, CIENC MAR, V16, P111; Belmar-Perez J, 1991, I CIENC MAR LIMNOL U, V18, P169; Boyce MS, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.018; Broitman BR, 2008, ECOL MONOGR, V78, P403, DOI 10.1890/06-1805.1; Broitman BR, 2006, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V327, P15, DOI 10.3354/meps327015; Burnham K. P, 2002, MODEL SELECTION MULT; Chase JM, 1999, AM NAT, V154, P571, DOI 10.1086/303261; Clare TS, 1938, AM J BOT, V25, P494, DOI 10.2307/2436676; Costello C, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P18294, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0908057107; Cox TE, 2006, MAR BIOL, V148, P1295, DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-0166-3; Cruz-Rivera E, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V123, P252, DOI 10.1007/s004420051012; De Roos AM, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P473, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00458.x; Doak DF, 2010, NATURE, V467, P959, DOI 10.1038/nature09439; Efron B, 1998, INTRO BOOTSTRAP; Espinosa-Carreon TL, 2004, J GEOPHYS RES, V109, P1; FABENS AJ, 1965, GROWTH, V29, P265; Foster GG, 1999, MAR BIOL, V134, P307, DOI 10.1007/s002270050548; Frederiksen M, 2005, OIKOS, V111, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13746.x; Gaines SD, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P18286, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0906473107; Gluyas-Millan MG, 1999, CIENC MAR, V25, P91, DOI 10.7773/cm.v25i1.647; Gotelli N. J., 2004, PRIMER ECOLOGICAL ST; Halliday EBB, 1991, NATURAL HIST FEEDING; HARGROVE WW, 1992, LANDSCAPE ECOL, V6, P251, DOI 10.1007/BF00129703; Hernandez-Carmona G, 2001, BOT MAR, V44, P221, DOI 10.1515/BOT.2001.029; Hilborn R, 2005, PHILOS T R SOC B, V360, P47, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2004.1569; HURLBERT SH, 1984, ECOL MONOGR, V54, P187, DOI 10.2307/1942661; HUTCHINSON GE, 1957, COLD SPRING HARB SYM, V22, P415, DOI 10.1101/SQB.1957.022.01.039; Lazier J. R. N., 1991, DYNAMICS MARINE ECOS; LEBRETON JD, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P67, DOI 10.2307/2937171; Leslie HM, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P10534, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0503874102; Lester SE, 2007, ECOLOGY, V88, P2229, DOI 10.1890/06-1784.1; Luna L. G., 1968, MANUAL HISTOLOGICAL; Mahoney K, 2007, ESTIMATING BIOMASS M; Martone R.L.G., 2009, THESIS STANFORD U ST; McCay B. J., MAR POLICY IN PRESS; Menge BA, 2008, ECOL LETT, V11, P151, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01135.x; MORRIS R. H., 1980, INTERTIDAL INVERTEBR; Morris WF, 2003, QUANTITATIVE CONSERV; Petes LE, 2008, ECOL MONOGR, V78, P387, DOI 10.1890/07-0605.1; Phillips NE, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V295, P79, DOI 10.3354/meps295079; Ponce-Diaz G, 2004, J SHELLFISH RES, V23, P1051; Prince J, 2005, B MAR SCI, V76, P557; PULLIAM HR, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P652, DOI 10.1086/284880; Rogers-Bennett L, 2004, J SHELLFISH RES, V23, P553; Ruxton GD, 2008, BEHAV ECOL, V19, P690, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arn020; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P291, DOI 10.2307/1935217; Schwalm CC, 1973, POPULATION DYNAMICS; Siems DP, 1998, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V53, P319, DOI 10.1023/A:1007407925835; Sokal R. R, 1981, BIOMETRY; Somero GN, 2002, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V42, P780, DOI 10.1093/icb/42.4.780; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stoeckmann AM, 2001, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V20, P486, DOI 10.2307/1468043; Townsend C. R., 2000, ESSENTIALS ECOLOGY; Trussell GC, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P629, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0629:TMEIRI]2.0.CO;2; Vindenes Y, 2008, AM NAT, V171, P455, DOI 10.1086/528965; von BERTALANFFY LUDWIG, 1938, HUMAN BIOL, V10, P181; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; Wilson JA, 2006, ECOL SOC, V11; Yee EH, 2004, MAR BIOL, V145, P895, DOI 10.1007/s00227-004-1379-6; Zaytsev O, 2003, J OCEANOGR, V59, P489, DOI 10.1023/A:1025544700632; Zuidema PA, 2009, AM NAT, V174, P709, DOI 10.1086/605981	61	11	11	0	21	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630			MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	457						85	99		10.3354/meps09693				15	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	978PB	WOS:000306755000007		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Miller, AA; Rucas, SL				Miller, Alissa A.; Rucas, Stacey L.			Sleep-Wake State Tradeoffs, Impulsivity and Life History Theory	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						sleep; life-history theory; impulsivity; firefighters	SENSATION SEEKING; DECISION-MAKING; ONE NIGHT; DEPRIVATION; BEHAVIOR; RISK; WOMEN; MODEL; PERSONALITY; PROPENSITY	Evolutionary ecological theory predicts that sleep-wake state tradeoffs may be related to local environmental conditions and should therefore correlate to alterations in behavioral life history strategies. It was predicted that firefighters who slept more and reported better quality sleep on average would exhibit lower impulsivity inclinations related to slower life history trajectories. UPPS impulsivity scores and self-reported sleep averages were analyzed and indicated a negative association between sleep variables and urgency and a positive association with premeditation. Perseverance, and in some cases premeditation, however, disclosed an unpredicted marginally significant positive association between increased and emergency nighttime waking-related sleep deprivation. Sensation seeking was not associated with sleep variables, but was strongly associated with number of biological children. This research contributes to understanding the implications of human sleep across ecological and behavioral contexts and implies further research is necessary for constructing evolutionarily oriented measures of impulsivity inclination and its meaning in the context of life history strategies.	[Miller, Alissa A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA; [Rucas, Stacey L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA	Miller, AA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.	amiller@wsu.edu					Acheson A, 2007, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V91, P579, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.03.020; AGUIAR GFD, 1991, CHRONOBIOLOGIA, V18, P9; Anderson JR, 1998, AM J PRIMATOL, V46, P63, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)46:1<63::AID-AJP5>3.0.CO;2-T; Arendt J, 2006, CHRONOBIOL INT, V23, P21, DOI 10.1080/07420520500464361; Banks S, 2007, J CLIN SLEEP MED, V3, P519; Benington JH, 2000, SLEEP, V23, P959; Bernier A, 2010, CHILD DEV, V81, P1739, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01507.x; Chaumet G, 2009, AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD, V80, P73, DOI 10.3357/ASEM.2366.2009; Costa Jr P.T., 1992, REVISED NEOPERSONALI; Cross CP, 2010, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V8, P779, DOI 10.1177/147470491000800418; Donohew L, 2000, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V28, P1079, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00158-0; EYSENCK SBG, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P613, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90011-X; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Harrison Y, 1999, ORGAN BEHAV HUM DEC, V78, P128, DOI 10.1006/obhd.1999.2827; Harrison Y, 2000, J EXP PSYCHOL-APPL, V6, P236, DOI 10.1037//1076-898X.6.3.236; HOWARD RC, 1994, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V16, P605, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90188-0; Keye D, 2009, EUR J PSYCHOL ASSESS, V25, P175, DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.175; McCoul MD, 2001, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V31, P1303, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00222-1; Mckenna BS, 2007, J SLEEP RES, V16, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00591.x; McKenna J J, 1986, Med Anthropol, V10, P9; McKenna James J, 2005, Paediatr Respir Rev, V6, P134, DOI 10.1016/j.prrv.2005.03.006; Miller J, 2003, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V34, P1403, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00122-8; Mischel W, 2002, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V11, P50, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00166; Nederkoorn C, 2009, INT J OBESITY, V33, P905, DOI 10.1038/ijo.2009.98; Nilsson JP, 2005, J SLEEP RES, V14, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00442.x; Opp M.R, 2009, BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIO, V9, P1; Ostaszewski P., 1997, EUROPEAN PSYCHOL, V2, P35, DOI DOI 10.1027/1016-9040.2.1.35; Pine A, 2010, J NEUROSCI, V30, P8888, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6028-09.2010; Quinlan RJ, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P124, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9085-1; Reynolds B, 2004, BEHAV PROCESS, V67, P343, DOI 10.1016/j.beproc.2004.06.003; Robbins RN, 2004, J ADOLESCENT RES, V19, P428, DOI 10.1177/074355840328860; Rodehn M, 1999, Nurs Stand, V13, P44; Saper CB, 2005, J COMP NEUROL, V493, P92, DOI 10.1002/cne.20770; Schmidt RE, 2010, J SLEEP RES, V19, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00741.x; Schmidt RE, 2008, BEHAV SLEEP MED, V6, P178, DOI 10.1080/15402000802162570; Shneerson JM, 2005, SLEEP MED GUIDE SLEE, P22; Sicard B, 2001, MIL MED, V166, P871; Siegel JM, 2005, NATURE, V437, P1264, DOI 10.1038/nature04285; Stenuit P, 2008, BIOL PSYCHOL, V77, P81, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.011; Venkatraman V, 2007, SLEEP, V30, P603, DOI 10.1093/sleep/30.5.603; Waldeck TL, 1997, J SUBST ABUSE, V9, P269, DOI 10.1016/S0899-3289(97)90021-3; Whiteside SP, 2001, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V30, P669, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7; Wingrove J, 1997, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V22, P333, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00222-X; Worthman C. M., 2002, ADOLESCENT SLEEP PAT, P69; Worthman CM, 2007, J FAM PSYCHOL, V21, P124, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.21.1.124; Worthman CM, 2008, EVOLUTIONARY MED HLT, P291	46	0	0	1	14	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL	DAVIE	C/O TOOD K SHACKELFORD, DIR, FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, 2912 COLLEGE AVE, DAVIE, FL 33314 USA	1474-7049			EVOL PSYCHOL-US	Evol. Psychol.		2012	10	2					173	186						14	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	973ZD	WOS:000306398500001	22947632	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Frederick, MJ				Frederick, Michael J.			Birth Weight Predicts Scores on the ADHD Self-Report Scale and Attitudes Towards Casual Sex in College Men: A Short-Term Life History Strategy?	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Life-history theory; development; ADHD; impulsivity; short-term strategy	SYMPTOMS; STUDENTS; CHILDREN; DISEASE; HEALTH	Early development can have long-term effects on physiology and behavior. While severe disturbances predictably lead to dysfunction, recent work in humans and animals has led to a growing appreciation for the more subtle ways in which early conditions can modulate behavioral tendencies later in life. Life history theory predicts that early cues signaling a stressful or suboptimal environment might lead an organism to adopt a strategy favoring short-term gains and early reproduction. Fifty college men reported their birth weight, completed the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale, and answered a series of questions about their sexual history and attitudes towards short-term sexual encounters. Lower birth weights were associated with higher scores on the ADHD scale (r = -.352; p <= .05) and more favorable attitudes towards casual sex (r = -.456; p <= 0.001). There was a significant interaction between birth weight and casual sex favorability in predicting number of sexual partners (F-1,F-46 = 4.994; p <= .05). This suggests that, although men who are smaller at birth may otherwise be at a disadvantage in reproductive terms, they may offset their reduced fitness by being more willing to engage in casual sex.	Hamilton Coll, Dept Psychol, Clinton, NY 13323 USA	Frederick, MJ (reprint author), Hamilton Coll, Dept Psychol, Clinton, NY 13323 USA.	mjfreder@hamilton.edu					Adler L, 2003, ADULT ADHD SELF REPO; Barker D. J. P., 1995, GROWTH, P255; Boonstra R, 1998, ECOL MONOGR, V68, P371, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0371:TIOPIS]2.0.CO;2; Breslau N, 2000, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V47, P71, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00131-6; Cameron N., 2004, SOC NEUR SAN DIEG CA; Daly M, 2005, Q REV BIOL, V80, P55, DOI 10.1086/431025; Faurie C, 2004, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00064-3; Gluckman PD, 2010, J DEV ORIG HLTH DIS, V1, P6, DOI 10.1017/S2040174409990171; Gluckman PD, 2006, MISMATCH WHY OUR WOR; Gluckman PD, 2011, EVOL APPL, V4, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00164.x; GOLDSTEIN S, 1998, ADHD REPORT, V6, P1; Gudjonsson GH, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P601, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.015; HALES CN, 1992, DIABETOLOGIA, V35, P595, DOI 10.1007/BF00400248; Hartmann T., 1993, ATTENTION DEFICIT DI; Johnstone RA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1382, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03912.x; Kelly YJ, 2001, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V30, P88, DOI 10.1093/ije/30.1.88; Lahti J, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P1167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01661.x; Nettle D, 2010, AM J HUM BIOL, V22, P172, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20970; PERUSSE D, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P267, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00029939; Phillips DIW, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P771, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7289.771; Scheres A, 2008, J NEURAL TRANSM, V115, P221, DOI 10.1007/s00702-007-0813-6; ShelleyTremblay JF, 1996, J GENET PSYCHOL, V157, P443, DOI 10.1080/00221325.1996.9914877; Tripp G, 2009, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V57, P579, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026	23	4	4	0	2	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL	DAVIE	C/O TOOD K SHACKELFORD, DIR, FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, 2912 COLLEGE AVE, DAVIE, FL 33314 USA	1474-7049			EVOL PSYCHOL-US	Evol. Psychol.		2012	10	2					342	351						10	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	973ZD	WOS:000306398500012	22947643	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Stanley, CE; Taylor, JM; King, RS				Stanley, Charles E.; Taylor, Jason M.; King, Ryan S.			Coupling Fish Community Structure with Instream Flow and Habitat Connectivity between Two Hydrologically Extreme Years	TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY			English	Article							GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; SPATIAL VARIATION; AMERICAN FISHES; STREAM; PATTERNS; ABUNDANCE; IMPOUNDMENT; VARIABILITY	Hydrologic variability and instream habitat connectivity play fundamental roles in structuring fish communities in lotic ecosystems. We collected fish assemblage and physical habitat data from 28 central Texas streams during the summers of 2006 (a drought year with minimal summer precipitation and low stream flow) and 2007 (an exceptionally wet year with periodic flooding in spring and sustained high flows throughout summer). We evaluated the correspondence between the magnitude of physical habitat and fish community composition change in stream reaches sampled in these two contrasting years using ordination, successional vector analysis, and indicator species analysis. In 2006, streams characterized by disconnected pools had different fish community structure and habitat characteristics than streams that had habitats connected by flowing water. The amount of interannual change in both fish community structure and habitat characteristics was greatest between streams that had disconnected pools in 2006 and their paired samples in 2007. Indicator species analysis identified species that had affinities to disconnected habitats during 2006, which included opportunistic life history strategists typical of temporary waters (western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and blackstripe topminnow Fundulus notatus) and equilibrium strategists that rely on stable pool habitats for nesting (longear sunfish Lepomis megalotis and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides). Conversely, indicator species of connected riffle-pool habitat included fluvial specialists (central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum, spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus, and bullhead minnow Pimephales vigilax). In summer 2007, the numbers of most species of fish declined markedly compared with 2006. Community structure between previously disconnected and connected stream types was also highly variable in 2007. However, strong recruitment of juveniles following spring flooding and sustained high summer flow significantly increased the frequency and abundance of two periodical strategists, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and flathead catfish Pylodictus olivaris in both types of streams in 2007. These findings provide important insights into how individual species' life history strategies influence the response of fish community structure to extreme hydrologic events, which are likely to increase in frequency in many parts of the world due to climate change.	[Stanley, Charles E.; Taylor, Jason M.; King, Ryan S.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA	King, RS (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, 1 Bear Pl,97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA.	ryan_s_king@baylor.edu			Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [582-6-80304]	This study was funded by a contract from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to K. Winemiller and R. King (contract 582-6-80304). We especially thank M. Fisher and G. Easley for providing logistical support. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department provided collecting permits, and Texas Agrilife Research and Baylor University gave administrative support. We thank J. Grimm, D. Lang, A. Flores, S. Sumpaongoen, and J. Back for field assistance and three anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve an earlier draft.	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Am. Fish. Soc.		2012	141	4					1000	1015		10.1080/00028487.2012.675893				16	Fisheries	Fisheries	974UI	WOS:000306462500012					2019-02-21	
J	Kuparinen, A; Mantyniemi, S; Hutchings, JA; Kuikka, S				Kuparinen, Anna; Mantyniemi, Samu; Hutchings, Jeffrey A.; Kuikka, Sakari			Increasing biological realism of fisheries stock assessment: towards hierarchical Bayesian methods	ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS			English	Review						Bayesian statistics; fisheries management; harvesting; life histories; overfishing; stock assessment	COD GADUS-MORHUA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; FISH POPULATION-SIZE; INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE FISH; ATLANTIC COD; STRATEGY EVALUATION; NATURAL MORTALITY; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES	Excessively high rates of fishing mortality have led to rapid declines of several commercially important fish stocks. To harvest fish stocks sustainably, fisheries management requires accurate information about population dynamics, but the generation of this information, known as fisheries stock assessment, traditionally relies on conservative and rather narrowly data-driven modelling approaches. To improve the information available for fisheries management, there is a demand to increase the biological realism of stock-assessment practices and to better incorporate the available biological knowledge and theory. Here, we explore the development of fisheries stock-assessment models with an aim to increasing their biological realism, and focus particular attention on the possibilities provided by the hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework and ways to develop this approach as a means of efficiently incorporating different sources of information to construct more biologically realistic stock-assessment models. The main message emerging from our review is that to be able to efficiently improve the biological realism of stock-assessment models, fisheries scientists must go beyond the traditional stock-assessment data and explore the resources available in other fields of biological research, such as ecology, life-history theory and evolutionary biology, in addition to utilizing data available from other stocks of the same or comparable species. The hierarchical Bayesian framework provides a way of formally integrating these sources of knowledge into the stock-assessment protocol and to accumulate information from multiple sources and over time.	[Kuparinen, Anna] Univ Helsinki, Ecol Genet Res Unit, Dept Biosci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Mantyniemi, Samu; Kuikka, Sakari] Univ Helsinki, Fisheries & Environm Management Grp, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway	Kuparinen, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Ecol Genet Res Unit, Dept Biosci, POB 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.	anna.kuparinen@helsinki.fi	Mantyniemi, Samu/B-4219-2008	Mantyniemi, Samu/0000-0002-3367-6280; Kuikka, Sakari/0000-0001-8802-8013	Academy of Finland; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Union [244706/ECOKNOWS]	The research leading to these results has received funding from the Academy of Finland (AK), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (JH) and from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 244706/ECOKNOWS project (AK, SM, SK). 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J	Trebaticka, L; Suortti, P; Sundell, J; Ylonen, H				Trebaticka, Lenka; Suortti, Paula; Sundell, Janne; Ylonen, Hannu			Predation risk and reproduction in the bank vole	WILDLIFE RESEARCH			English	Article						breeding suppression; progressing time; weasel	BREEDING SUPPRESSION; CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; SMALL MUSTELIDS; LITTER SIZE; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; WEASELS; DECISION; MAMMALS; FIELD	Context. Life-history strategies are the means that organisms use to achieve successful reproduction in environments that vary in time and space. Individual animals maximise life-time reproductive success (LRS) through optimal timing of reproduction and investment in offspring. A crucial factor affecting LRS is predation risk in a highly seasonal environment. According to the breeding-suppression hypothesis (BSH), females should delay breeding under short periods of high predation risk. Delayed breeding under risk is suggested to have substantial consequences for females' fitness. Aims. We tested the BSH in an iteroparous boreal small rodent, the bank vole, Myodes glareolus. Methods. We used caged-live weasels and spread weasel scent to simulate increased predation risk in four of eight 0.25-ha outdoor enclosures. We monitored females' reproduction in three periods (May, July, August), i.e. during the breeding season over the course of summer. Key results. Contrary to our main prediction, predation risk did not affect timing of mating, pregnancy rate or litter size in any study period. Conclusions and implications. We conclude that during the short but resource-rich breeding season of boreal summer, postponing breeding does not seem to be an optimal strategy for females, even under high risk of predation. Under favourable summer condition, i.e. in circumstances without any constraining factors such as food or conspecific density, females manage to balance the costs of predation against benefits of resource availability and do not suppress breeding. Although the BSH has been studied widely, also our results reveal the intricacies of this adaptive behaviour.	[Trebaticka, Lenka; Suortti, Paula; Sundell, Janne; Ylonen, Hannu] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Konnevesi Res Stn, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; [Suortti, Paula] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Sundell, Janne] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Lammi 16900, Finland	Trebaticka, L (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Konnevesi Res Stn, POB 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.	trebatickalenka@yahoo.com			CIMO; Academy of Finland [208478, 44878]	Monique and Thilo Liesenjohann, Maija Aarva, Krista Hummastenniemi, Marko Haapakoski, Jyrki Raatikainen, Janne Koskinen and Kari Oksanen are greatly acknowledged for helping in the field. Emil Tkadlec kindly provided statistical advice. We thank Erkki Korpimaki, Jens Jacob, John S. Millar and Ines Klemme for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. John Loehr kindly checked the language. The study was supported by CIMO to LT and Academy of Finland to JS (project no. 208478) and HY (no. 44878). The experiment was run under permission by the Committee for Animal Experimentation of the University of Jyvaskyla (25/22.5.2006).	Apfelbach R, 2005, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V29, P1123, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.05.005; Bolbroe T, 2000, ANN ZOOL FENN, V37, P169; Bronson F. H., 1989, MAMMALIAN REPROD BIO; Caro T., 2005, ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; Dohle H. 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Res.		2012	39	5					463	468		10.1071/WR12012				6	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	967ZX	WOS:000305947900011					2019-02-21	
J	De Baca, TC; Figueredo, AJ; Ellis, BJ				De Baca, Tomas Cabeza; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Ellis, Bruce J.			An Evolutionary Analysis of Variation in Parental Effort: Determinants and Assessment	PARENTING-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; OFFSPRING RELATIONSHIPS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FAMILY; SOCIALIZATION; MALTREATMENT; EXPRESSION; INVESTMENT; FRAMEWORK; CHILDREN	Utilizing an evolutionary framework can elucidate the causes of variation in parental effort and guide measurement of relevant parenting constructs. The current article presents an evolutionary analysis of the determinants of parental effort and suggests that evolutionarily informed measures are needed to test evolutionary hypotheses. Towards this end, we employ evolutionary theory to guide development of new Parental Effort Scales, which supplement and extend extant methods for assessing coparenting.	[De Baca, Tomas Cabeza] Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	De Baca, TC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, 650 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	tdebaca@email.arizona.edu					Ahrons C., 1987, REMARRIAGE STEPPAREN, P225; BATESON P, 1994, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V9, P399, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90066-3; Beaulieu DA, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P249, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.01.002; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bornstein MH, 2007, DEV PSYCHOL, V43, P850, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.850; Brown J, 1998, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V22, P1065, DOI 10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00087-8; Bugental DB, 2010, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V106, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.004; Bugental DB, 2004, DEV PSYCHOL, V40, P234, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.234; Burch RL, 2000, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V21, P429, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00056-8; Daly M., 1988, HOMICIDE; Draper P., 1988, SOCIOBIOLOGICAL PERS, P340, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-3760-0_12; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Figueredo A. J., 2012, MEASUREMENT HU UNPUB; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Finer LB, 2006, PERSPECT SEX REPRO H, V38, P90, DOI 10.1363/3809006; Geary D. C, 1998, MALE FEMALE EVOLUTIO; Geary DC, 2001, PARENT-SCI PRACT, V1, P5, DOI 10.1207/S15327922PAR011&2_2; Geary DC, 2000, PSYCHOL BULL, V126, P55, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.55; HALBERSTADT AG, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P827, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.827; HETHERINGTON ME, 1999, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V259; Hrdy Sarah Blaffer, 1999, MOTHER NATURE HIST M; Kaplan H, 2001, FOUND HUM B, P293; Kuzawa CW, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P5, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20091; Lawson DW, 2009, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V30, P170, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.12.001; Mann J., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P367; Marlowe FW, 2003, CROSS-CULT RES, V37, P282, DOI 10.1177/1069397103254008; McHale JP, 2004, J ADULT DEV, V11, P221, DOI 10.1023/B:JADE.0000035629.29960.ed; MENDL M, 1988, J ZOOL, V215, P15, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb04882.x; Quinlan RJ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P121, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3690; RAGOZIN AS, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P627, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.18.4.627; Robert T, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; Schlomer GL, 2011, PSYCHOL REV, V118, P496, DOI 10.1037/a0024043; Sear R, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001; Snyder D. K., 1981, MANUAL THEMARITAL SA; Sotomayor-Peterson M., 2012, COPARENTING TO UNPUB; Strassmann BI, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P553, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1912; Tinbergen N., 1963, Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie, V20, P410; Trumbo Stephen T., 1996, Advances in the Study of Behavior, V25, P3	38	11	11	0	18	PSYCHOLOGY PRESS	HOVE	27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND	1529-5192			PARENT-SCI PRACT	Parent.-Sci. Pract.		2012	12	2-3			SI		94	104		10.1080/15295192.2012.680396				11	Family Studies; Psychology, Developmental	Family Studies; Psychology	961RZ	WOS:000305487200002					2019-02-21	
J	Fyllas, NM; Quesada, CA; Lloyd, J				Fyllas, Nikolaos M.; Quesada, Carlos A.; Lloyd, Jon			Deriving Plant Functional Types for Amazonian forests for use in vegetation dynamics models	PERSPECTIVES IN PLANT ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS			English	Article						Plant Functional Types; RLQ analysis; Amazonia; Tropical forests; Functional traits; Vegetation dynamics; Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs)	TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; KALIMANTAN INDONESIAN BORNEO; LEAF ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; BASIN-WIDE VARIATIONS; SPECIES TRAITS; ECOLOGICAL DATA; FRENCH-GUIANA; DIAMETER INCREMENT; 4TH-CORNER PROBLEM; NEIGHBOR MATRICES	Recent advances in our understanding of the linkages between plant physiological and morphological traits suggest a new means by which to define Plant Functional Types (Phi) for use in conceptual and mathematical models of vegetation dynamics. In this study we used data from the RAINFOR-network database, aiming to numerically derive Phi for tropical forest trees by jointly analysing an Amazon-wide dataset of (409) species abundance, species functional traits (10) and site edaphic and climatic conditions across 53 plots. We followed a stepwise procedure of numerical Phi do definition with increasing complexity, starting from a simple PCA on species functional traits. We subsequently applied a three-table (RLQ) multivariate ordination method in two ways: with and without spatial autocorrelation between plots being taken into account. In all cases the environmental contribution to trait variation had been partialled out. Thus our results link species-specific "inherent" trait values with associated species abundances along environmental gradients. Our final classification of Amazonian tree species based on foliar dry leaf mass per area (M-A), leaf concentrations of C, N, P, Ca, K, Mg, carbon isotopic discrimination (Delta), branch xylem density (rho(X)) and maximum tree height (H-max) yielded four discrete Phi. These Phi were found to represent distinct life-history strategies and can be aligned with previous empirical definitions of tropical tree guilds. In particular, two ecological dimensions are identified: (1) a leaf deployment dimension which co-varies with soil fertility and (2) a stem deployment dimension which co-varies with soil texture. By analysing diameter growth rates of the same trees used to define the four Phi we found each Phi to have a different overall growth pattern. Furthermore, from a Basin-wide forest survey, differences in the relative abundance of the four Phi were related to stand level basal area growth and/or turnover rate variations. These new derived Phi should enhance our ability to better understand and model the dynamics of the Amazon forest, with the general procedure for plant functional trait definition described here potentially applicable to many other ecosystems. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	[Fyllas, Nikolaos M.; Quesada, Carlos A.; Lloyd, Jon] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Quesada, Carlos A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; [Lloyd, Jon] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cairns, Qld, Australia	Fyllas, NM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.	n.fyllas@leeds.ac.uk	James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Lloyd, Jonathan/F-8893-2010	Lloyd, Jonathan/0000-0002-5458-9960; Fyllas, Nikolaos/0000-0002-5651-5578	UK National Research Council (NERC) QUEST (Quantifying the Earth System) initiative; subprogram QUERCC (Quantifying and Understanding Ecosystems Role in the Carbon Cycle); NERC "Tropical Biomes in Transition" (TROBIT) consortium project; Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation	Much of the data analysis of this work was funded through the UK National Research Council (NERC) QUEST (Quantifying the Earth System) initiative, subprogram QUERCC (Quantifying and Understanding Ecosystems Role in the Carbon Cycle) and the NERC "Tropical Biomes in Transition" (TROBIT) consortium project. This research was also supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme to Nikos Fyllas. Discussions and comments from two anonymous reviewers, Dr. Florian Jeltsch, Dr. Tim Baker and Prof. Oliver Phillips greatly improved this study. Shiela Lloyd helped with manuscript preparation. The RAINFOR project and associated database is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.	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J	Edwards, CTT; Hillary, RM; Levontin, P; Blanchard, JL; Lorenzen, K				Edwards, C. T. T.; Hillary, R. M.; Levontin, P.; Blanchard, J. L.; Lorenzen, K.			Fisheries Assessment and Management: A Synthesis of Common Approaches with Special Reference to Deepwater and Data-Poor Stocks	REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE			English	Article						deepwater fisheries; stock assessment; management procedure	ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; AFRICAN HAKE RESOURCE; US WEST-COAST; ORANGE ROUGHY; NEW-ZEALAND; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL MORTALITY	Deepwater fish populations are often characterized by their life-history as being highly susceptible to overexploitation. Moreover, dependent fisheries often develop rapidly, so overexploitation may occur before resource dynamics are quantified sufficiently to assess safe biological limits. It is therefore crucial to employ assessment methods that make the best use of limited data and management procedures that account for large uncertainties. This review provides a critical synthesis of assessment and management approaches for deepwater fisheries. Given limitations in the data, it is clear that assessments are likely to benefit from the application of derived relationships between life-history characteristics and the sharing of this and other information across stocks. It is important that uncertainty in assessment results is represented adequately, and management methods must in turn ensure that decision mechanisms are robust to an incomplete picture of resource dynamics. This requires construction and testing of harvest control rules within a simulation framework. Harvest control rules themselves, however, need not be complicated, and simple empirical approaches can be adequate for situations in which only relative changes in biomass can be discerned from the data. Development and testing of these control rules is likely to prove a productive area of future research.	[Edwards, C. T. T.] Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England; [Hillary, R. M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Levontin, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, London, England; [Blanchard, J. 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Sci.		2012	20	3					136	153		10.1080/10641262.2012.683210				18	Fisheries	Fisheries	962CM	WOS:000305516900002					2019-02-21	
J	Steffen, JE; Appel, AG				Steffen, John E.; Appel, Arthur G.			The effect of temperature on standard metabolic rate of Brown Anoles	AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA			English	Article						ectotherms; oxygen consumption; reptiles; standard metabolic rate	LIZARD SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; GROWTH-RATES; SAGREI; FLORIDA; SEX; PHENETICS; BEHAVIOR; REPTILES; MAMMALS	Understanding the influences of sex and ambient temperature on metabolic rates of reptiles is of fundamental interest to biologists because of the role that temperature-dependent metabolic rates play in shaping behaviour, life history evolution and geographic range. We investigated the effects of sex, body mass and temperature on standard metabolic rate, respiratory quotient (RQ), and Q(10) in male and female Brown Anoles, Norops sagrei. When mass-adjusted, oxygen consumption increased linearly with temperature, and there was no effect of sex. RQ did not differ by sex or temperature. Q(10) was within the range published for other lizards.	[Steffen, John E.] Penn State Univ, Behrend Coll, Sch Sci, Erie, PA 16563 USA; [Appel, Arthur G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA	Steffen, JE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Behrend Coll, Sch Sci, Erie, PA 16563 USA.	jes73@psu.edu					ADOLPH SC, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P273, DOI 10.1086/285538; ANDREWS RM, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P214, DOI 10.1086/physzool.58.2.30158569; BEAUPRE SJ, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P128, DOI 10.1086/physzool.66.1.30158291; Bennett A.F., 1976, P127; Bennett A.F., 1982, Biology of Reptilia, V13, P155; BENNETT AF, 1972, J COMP PHYSIOL, V81, P277, DOI 10.1007/BF00693632; Bull J.J, 1980, Q REV BIOL, V55, P13; BULL JJ, 1979, SCIENCE, V206, P1186, DOI 10.1126/science.505003; Echternacht A.C., 1995, Herpetological Review, V26, P107; CLARKE D R JR, 1974, Southwestern Naturalist, V19, P9, DOI 10.2307/3669786; Clausen HJ, 1936, J CELL COMPAR PHYSL, V8, P367, DOI 10.1002/jcp.1030080307; Dessauer H.C, 1953, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V90, P524; Duvall D., 1982, Biology of Reptilia, V13, P201; Echternacht A.C., 1995, HERP REV, V26, P10; FITCH HS, 1970, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLIC, V52, P1; GARLAND T, 1987, AM J PHYSIOL, V252, pR439; Goldberg SR, 2000, J PARASITOL, V86, P750, DOI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0750:TOHTHV]2.0.CO;2; GOLDBERG SR, 1974, COPEIA, P176; HEUSNER AA, 1981, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V69, P363, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(81)92991-1; Huey R.B., 1982, Biology of Reptilia, V12, P25; HUEY RB, 1976, Q REV BIOL, V51, P363, DOI 10.1086/409470; HUEY RB, 1991, AM NAT, V137, pS91, DOI 10.1086/285141; JAMES C, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P307, DOI 10.1007/BF00378615; Kleiber M., 1961, FIRE LIFE INTRO ANIM; LEE JC, 1989, COPEIA, P930, DOI 10.2307/1445979; LEE JC, 1992, COPEIA, P942, DOI 10.2307/1446624; LEE JC, 1985, COPEIA, P182, DOI 10.2307/1444808; Licht P., 1970, U CALIF PUBL ZOOL, V95, P1; Licht P, 1984, PHYSL REPROD REPROD, P206; Lighton J.R.B., 2008, MEASURING METABOLIC; Losos JB, 2009, ORGANISM ENVIRON, V10, P1; MCKEOWN S, 1996, FIELD GUIDE REPTILES; McMann S, 2003, J HERPETOL, V37, P538, DOI 10.1670/75-00A; Means B.D, 1990, HERP REV, V21, P96; NIEWIAROWSKI PH, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1992, DOI 10.2307/1940842; Niewiarowski PH, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P421, DOI 10.1086/319321; NIEWIAROWSKI PH, 1992, FUNCT ECOL, V6, P15, DOI 10.2307/2389766; Paterson AV, 2002, HERPETOLOGICA, V58, P382, DOI 10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0382:EOAIRO]2.0.CO;2; PIANKA ER, 1970, ECOLOGY, V51, P703, DOI 10.2307/1934053; Platt Steven G., 1994, Herpetological Review, V25, P33; Pough F. Harvey, 1992, P395; ROBERTS LA, 1968, ECOLOGY, V49, P809, DOI 10.2307/1936532; Roe JH, 2005, J HERPETOL, V39, P595, DOI 10.1670/75-05A.1; Savage J., 2002, AMPHIBIANS REPTILES; Savage VM, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P4718, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0611235104; Schmidt-Nielsen K, 1984, SCALING WHY IS ANIMA; Schwartz A., 1991, AMPHIBIANS REPTILES; Shine R, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P186, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01575-4; Spellerberg I.F., 1973, P239; Vance V.J, 1953, THESIS U ARIZONA TUC; West GB, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P2473, DOI 10.1073/pnas.012579799	51	3	3	3	77	BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS	LEIDEN	PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS	0173-5373			AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA	Amphib. Reptil.		2012	33	2					297	302		10.1163/156853812X634026				6	Zoology	Zoology	958WC	WOS:000305270600013					2019-02-21	
J	De Merona, B; Vigouroux, R				De Merona, Bernard; Vigouroux, Regis			The role of ecological strategies in the colonization success of pelagic fish in a large tropical reservoir (Petit-Saut Reservoir, French Guiana)	AQUATIC LIVING RESOURCES			English	Article						Freshwater fish; Biodiversity conservation; Life history; Diet; Ecomorphology; South America	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; BROKOPONDO RESERVOIR; HABITAT TEMPLET; AMERICAN FISHES; SPECIES TRAITS; NICHE OVERLAP; SOUTH-AMERICA; ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS	Although many studies have been made on fish community changes in reservoirs, the diversity of situations means that general models are still difficult to construct. In order to be useful to managers, the information gathered in these studies must cover the regional taxonomic peculiarities. The inclusion of ecological strategies allows the detection of general patterns of fish community change. In the present study, multivariate analyses and non-parametric tests were used in order to detect relationships between ecological traits of 39 fish species and pelagic fish assemblages. We used gillnet captures of fish made in the Sinnamary River before filling of the Petit-Saut Reservoir and in the reservoir 8 years after closure of the dam and published data on fish species diet, life history parameters and morphology. Significant relationships were detected between fish assemblages and every ecological trait, which would have allowed the forecast of the type of species able to colonize the Petit-Saut Reservoir. Provided that the general characteristics of a river before damming are taken into account, it seems that feeding strategies can be used to predict future fish population and species changes on a general basis. Conversely, the lack of published data prevents definitive conclusions from being drawn concerning life-history and swimming strategies.	[De Merona, Bernard] Ctr IRD Cayenne, UMR Borea, Cayenne 97323, French Guiana; [Vigouroux, Regis] Lab Hydreco, Kourou 97388, French Guiana	De Merona, B (reprint author), Ctr IRD Cayenne, UMR Borea, Rte Montabo Km 0-275,BP 165, Cayenne 97323, French Guiana.	bernard.de.merona@ird.fr			Electricite de France (EDF)	This work was funded by Electricite de France (EDF). The authors would like to thank the technical staff of Hydreco - Roland Aboikoni, Laurent Guillemet, Benoit Burban, Sebastien Lereun and Simon Clavier - for their help with the field collections.	Agostinho AA, 1999, THEORETICAL RESERVOIR ECOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS, P227; Agostinho AA, 2007, ECOLOGIA MANEJO RECU; Agostinho C. S., 2003, Braz. J. Biol., V63, P177, DOI 10.1590/S1519-69842003000200002; Araujo Lima C. A. R. 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R., 2001, PRIMER V5 USER MANUA; de Merona B, 2003, ACTA OECOL, V24, P147, DOI 10.1016/S1146-609X(03)00065-1; De Merona B, 1999, REGUL RIVER, V15, P339, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199907/08)15:4<339::AID-RRR546>3.0.CO;2-0; DE MERONA B., 2005, FLEUVE BARRAGE POISS; de Merona B, 2009, NEOTROP ICHTHYOL, V7, P683, DOI 10.1590/S1679-62252009000400018; dos Santos Geraldo Mendes, 1996, Acta Amazonica, V25, P247; GATZ A J JR, 1979, Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, V21, P91; GATZ AJ, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P711, DOI 10.2307/1936608; Gido KB, 2000, COPEIA, P917, DOI 10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0917:DOTOFA]2.0.CO;2; Gillespie GJ, 2003, J FISH BIOL, V62, P1099, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00100.x; Hoeinghaus DJ, 2007, J BIOGEOGR, V34, P324, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01587.x; Horeau V, 1996, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V51, P29; HURLBERT SH, 1978, ECOLOGY, V59, P67, DOI 10.2307/1936632; Ita E.O, 1984, ETAT PECHERIES RESER, P43; KARR JR, 1981, FISHERIES, V6, P21, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2; KEITH P, 2000, ATLAS POISSONS EAU D, V2; Latif A.F.A., 1973, MAN MADE LAKES THEIR, P661; Le Bail P.Y., 2000, ATLAS POISSONS EAU D, V2; Lelek A, 1973, MAN MADE LAKES THEIR, P655; Machena D, 1995, CIFA TECHNICAL PAPER, P41; Mason NWH, 2008, J ANIM ECOL, V77, P661, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01379.x; Merona B.de, 2010, PEIXES PESCA BAIXO R; Mol JH, 2007, NEOTROP ICHTHYOL, V5, P351, DOI 10.1590/S1679-62252007000300015; Pholprasith S., 1999, P103; PLANQUETTE P, 1996, ATLAS POISSONS EAU D, V1; Ponton Dominique, 1998, Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, V45, P201; Rashid M.M, 1995, CURRENT STATUS FISHE, P81; Reynolds J.D, 1990, GHANA J SCI, V11, P3; Santos G.M.dos, 1996, ENERGIA AMAZONIA, P251; Sfakiotakis M, 1999, IEEE J OCEANIC ENG, V24, P237, DOI 10.1109/48.757275; Sissakian C., 1998, Hydroecologie Appliquee, V9, P1, DOI 10.1051/hydro:1997001; SOUTHWOOD TRE, 1977, J ANIM ECOL, V46, P337; Tedesco PA, 2008, OECOLOGIA, V156, P691, DOI 10.1007/s00442-008-1021-2; TONN WM, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P345, DOI 10.1086/285102; Townsend CR, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P367, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00166.x; TOWNSEND CR, 1994, FRESHWATER BIOL, V31, P265, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01740.x; Vanderpuye C.J, 1984, CIFA TECHNICAL PAPER, P261; WINEMILLER KO, 1992, OIKOS, V63, P318, DOI 10.2307/3545395; WINEMILLER KO, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V81, P225, DOI 10.1007/BF00379810; WINEMILLER KO, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P2196, DOI 10.1139/f92-242	49	5	6	1	27	EDP SCIENCES S A	LES ULIS CEDEX A	17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE	0990-7440			AQUAT LIVING RESOUR	Aquat. Living Resour.	JAN	2012	25	1					41	54		10.1051/alr/2011153				14	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	928AY	WOS:000302953200004		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Gibbs, M; Van Dyck, H; Breuker, CJ				Gibbs, Melanie; Van Dyck, Hans; Breuker, Casper J.			Development on drought-stressed host plants affects life history, flight morphology and reproductive output relative to landscape structure	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Article						agriculture; climate change; life history evolution; phenotypic plasticity	BUTTERFLY PARARGE-AEGERIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EGG SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; OVIPOSITION; LEPIDOPTERA; L.	With global climate change, rainfall is becoming more variable. Predicting the responses of species to changing rainfall levels is difficult because, for example in herbivorous species, these effects may be mediated indirectly through changes in host plant quality. Furthermore, species responses may result from a simultaneous interaction between rainfall levels and other environmental variables such as anthropogenic land use or habitat quality. In this eco-evolutionary study, we examined how male and female Pararge aegeria (L.) from woodland and agricultural landscape populations were affected by the development on drought-stressed host plants. Compared with individuals from woodland landscapes, when reared on drought-stressed plants agricultural individuals had longer development times, reduced survival rates and lower adult body masses. Across both landscape types, growth on drought-stressed plants resulted in males and females with low forewing aspect ratios and in females with lower wing loading and reduced fecundity. Development on drought-stressed plants also had a landscape-specific effect on reproductive output; agricultural females laid eggs that had a significantly lower hatching success. Overall, our results highlight several potential mechanisms by which low water availability, via changes in host plant quality, may differentially influence P. aegeria populations relative to landscape structure.	[Gibbs, Melanie] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England; [Gibbs, Melanie; Van Dyck, Hans] UCL, Earth & Life Inst, Biodivers Res Ctr, Behav Ecol & Conservat Grp, Louvain, Belgium; [Breuker, Casper J.] Oxford Brookes Univ, Dept Biol & Med Sci, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Evolutionary Dev Biol Res Grp, Oxford OX3 0BP, England	Gibbs, M (reprint author), NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Maclean Bldg,Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.	mela1@ceh.ac.uk	Gibbs, Melanie/E-6771-2012; Breuker, Casper/N-6582-2013	Gibbs, Melanie/0000-0002-4091-9789; Breuker, Casper/0000-0001-7909-1950	UCL [FSR06]; FRFC of the FNRS [2.4595.07, 2.4556.05]; FNRS, Wallonia, Belgium; ARC [10/15-031]; Natural Environment Research Council [CEH010021]	Hubert Baltus helped with the butterfly rearing. Michel Pirnay, Jean-Pierre Motte and Marc Migon provided technical assistance. This article is publication number BRC 230 of the Biodiversity Research Centre of the UCL. The research was supported by three research grants to HVD (FSR06-grant of UCL and FRFC 2.4595.07, 2.4556.05 of the FNRS Fund for Scientific Research, Wallonia, Belgium and ARC-grant of the Academie Louvain ARC grant no 10/15-031).	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J	Leicht-Young, SA; Pavlovic, NB; Adams, JV				Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.; Adams, Jean V.			Competitive Interactions of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and Damesrocket (Hesperis matronalis)	INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT			English	Article						Competition; invasive species; replacement series	EASTERN DECIDUOUS FORESTS; INVASIVE PLANT; MICROSTEGIUM-VIMINEUM; DENSITY; BRASSICACEAE; POPULATIONS; UNDERSTORY; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION	Competitive interactions between native plants and nonnative, invasive plant species have been extensively studied; however, within degraded landscapes, the effect of interspecific interactions among invasive plants is less explored. We investigated a competitive interaction between two sympatric, invasive mustard species that have similar life history strategies and growth forms: garlic mustard and damesrocket. Greenhouse experiments using a full range of reciprocal density ratios were conducted to investigate interspecific competition. Garlic mustard had a negative effect on the final biomass, number of leaves, and relative growth rate in height of damesrocket. Survival of damesrocket was not negatively affected by interspecific competition with garlic mustard; however, garlic mustard showed higher mortality because of intraspecific competition. These results indicated that although garlic mustard has been observed to be the dominant species in this landscape, it may not completely outcompete damesrocket in all situations. Studies of invasive species in competition are important in degraded landscapes because this is the common situation in many natural areas.	[Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA; US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA	Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA.	npavlovic@usgs.gov			U.S. Geological Survey	We thank Katie Kangas, Laura Cremin, Kelly McAvoy, and Krystalynn Frohnapple for assistance in conducting the experiment. Dr. Young Choi and Dr. Kemuel Badger provided useful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. This article is contribution No. 1681 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.	Adams D. 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Manag.	JAN-MAR	2012	5	1					27	36		10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00025.1				10	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	917TC	WOS:000302200500004					2019-02-21	
J	Bunnell, DB; Madenjian, CP; Rogers, MW; Holuszko, JD; Begnoche, LJ				Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Rogers, Mark W.; Holuszko, Jeffrey D.; Begnoche, Linda J.			Exploring Mechanisms Underlying Sex-Specific Differences in Mortality of Lake Michigan Bloaters	TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY			English	Article							WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; COREGONUS-HOYI; SIZE DIMORPHISM; GROWTH DYNAMICS; SALMON; RATIO; CONSEQUENCES; MATURATION; SURVIVAL	Sex-specific differences in mortality rates have been observed among freshwater and marine fish taxa, and underlying mechanisms can include sex-specific differences in (1) age at maturity, (2) growth rate, or (3) activity or behavior during the spawning period. We used a long-term (1973-2009) Lake Michigan data set to evaluate whether there were sex-specific differences in catch per unit effort, mortality, age at maturity, and length at age in bloaters Coregonus hoyi. Because bloater population biomass varied 200-fold during the years analyzed, we divided the data into three periods: (1) 1973-1982 (low biomass), (2) 1983-1997 (high biomass), and (3) 1998-2009 (low biomass). Mortality was higher for males than for females in periods 2 and 3; the average instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) over these two periods was 0.71 for males and 0.57 for females. Length at age was slightly greater (2-6%) for females than for males in different age-classes (3-6 years) during each period. Age at maturity was earlier for males than for females in periods 1 and 2, but the mean difference was only 0.2-0.4 years. To test the hypothesis that somatic lipids declined more in males than in females during spawning (perhaps due to increased activity or reduced feeding), we estimated sex-specific percent somatic lipids for fish sampled in 2005-2006 and 2007-2008. During 2005-2006, somatic lipids declined from prespawning to postspawning for males but were unchanged for females. During 2007-2008, however, somatic lipids were unchanged formales, whereas they increased for females. We found that sex-specific differences in Z occurred in the Lake Michigan bloater population, but our hypotheses that sex-specific differences in maturity and growth could explain this pattern were generally unsupported. Our hypothesis that somatic lipids in males declined during spawning at a faster rate than in females will require additional research to clarify its importance.	[Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Rogers, Mark W.; Holuszko, Jeffrey D.; Begnoche, Linda J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA	Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.	dbunnell@usgs.gov		Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747			BEAMISH FWH, 1964, CAN J ZOOLOG, V42, P189, DOI 10.1139/z64-017; Beverton R.J.H., 1959, CIBA FDN C AGEING, P142, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470715253.CH10; Beverton RJH, 2004, ICES J MAR SCI, V61, P165, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.01.001; BEVERTON RJH, 1992, J FISH BIOL, V41, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03875.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 2005, ETHOLOGY, V111, P977, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01147.x; BOWEN SH, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P569, DOI 10.1139/f91-072; Brown E. 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J	Mims, MC; Olden, JD				Mims, Meryl C.; Olden, Julian D.			Life history theory predicts fish assemblage response to hydrologic regimes	ECOLOGY			English	Article						disturbance; flow regime; freshwater fishes; life history; traits; United States	ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; FRESH-WATER FISHES; AMERICAN FISHES; RIVER SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; STRATEGIES; HABITAT; TEMPLET; TRAITS; RECOMMENDATIONS	The hydrologic regime is regarded as the primary driver of freshwater ecosystems, structuring the physical habitat template, providing connectivity, framing biotic interactions, and ultimately selecting for specific life histories of aquatic organisms. In the present study, we tested ecological theory predicting directional relationships between major dimensions of the flow regime and life history composition of fish assemblages in perennial free-flowing rivers throughout the continental United States. Using long-term discharge records and fish trait and survey data for 109 stream locations, we found that 11 out of 18 relationships (61%) tested between the three life history strategies (opportunistic, periodic, and equilibrium) and six hydrologic metrics (two each describing flow variability, predictability, and seasonality) were statistically significant (P <= 0.05) according to quantile regression. Our results largely support a priori hypotheses of relationships between specific flow indices and relative prevalence of fish life history strategies, with 82% of all significant relationships observed supporting predictions from life history theory. Specifically, we found that (1) opportunistic strategists were positively related to measures of flow variability and negatively related to predictability and seasonality, (2) periodic strategists were positively related to high flow seasonality and negatively related to variability, and (3) the equilibrium strategists were negatively related to flow variability and positively related to predictability. Our study provides important empirical evidence illustrating the value of using life history theory to understand both the patterns and processes by which fish assemblage structure is shaped by adaptation to natural regimes of variability, predictability, and seasonality of critical flow events over broad biogeographic scales.	[Mims, Meryl C.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA	Mims, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	mmims@uw.edu		Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187; Mims, Meryl/0000-0003-0570-988X	University of Washington; National Science Foundation [DGE-0718124]; John N. Cobb Scholarship in Fisheries; University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [833834]	We thank Alan Herlihy for providing the fish occurrence data, LeRoy Poff and Zach Shattuck for their contributions to the trait database, and Dave Lawrence for his assistance with ensuring consistent taxonomy. Tim Essington, Josh Lawler, Daniel Schindler, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for M. C. Mims was provided by a University of Washington Top Scholar Graduate Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-0718124), and by the John N. Cobb Scholarship in Fisheries and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence through University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. J. D. Olden acknowledges funding support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program (Grant No. 833834).	Blanck A, 2007, FRESHWATER BIOL, V52, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01736.x; Bunn SE, 2002, ENVIRON MANAGE, V30, P492, DOI 10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0; Cade BS, 2003, FRONT ECOL ENVIRON, V1, P412, DOI 10.2307/3868138; Eros T., 2005, LARGE RIVERS, V16, P289; Falcone J. A., 2010, Ecology, V91, P621, DOI 10.1890/09-0889.1; Freeman MC, 2001, ECOL APPL, V11, P179, DOI 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0179:FAHEOJ]2.0.CO;2; Gilliom R. 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J	Hulshof, CM; Stegen, JC; Swenson, NG; Enquist, CAF; Enquist, BJ				Hulshof, Catherine M.; Stegen, James C.; Swenson, Nathan G.; Enquist, Carolyn A. F.; Enquist, Brian J.			Interannual variability of growth and reproduction in Bursera simaruba: the role of allometry and resource variability	ECOLOGY			English	Article						allocation; allometry; Bursera simaruba; Costa Rica; life history theory; tropical dry forest	TROPICAL FORESTS; DRY-FOREST; PLANTS; COSTS; FRUIT; SIZE; ALLOCATION; RESPONSES; TREE; POPULATIONS	Plants are expected to differentially allocate resources to reproduction, growth, and survival in order to maximize overall fitness. Life history theory predicts that the allocation of resources to reproduction should occur at the expense of vegetative growth. Although it is known that both organism size and resource availability can influence life history traits, few studies have addressed how size dependencies of growth and reproduction and variation in resource supply jointly affect the coupling between growth and reproduction. In order to understand the relationship between growth and reproduction in the context of resource variability, we utilize a long-term observational data set consisting of 670 individual trees over a 10-year period within a local population of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. We (1) quantify the functional form and variability in the growth-reproduction relationship at the population and individual-tree level and (2) develop a theoretical framework to understand the allometric dependence of growth and reproduction. Our findings suggest that the differential responses of allometric growth and reproduction to resource availability, both between years and between microsites, underlie the apparent relationship between growth and reproduction. Finally, we offer an alternative approach for quantifying the relationship between growth and reproduction that accounts for variation in allometries.	[Hulshof, Catherine M.; Enquist, Brian J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Stegen, James C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; [Swenson, Nathan G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] USA, Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA; [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA; [Enquist, Brian J.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA; [Enquist, Brian J.] Conservat Int, Trop Ecol Assessment & Monitoring TEAM Initiat, Arlington, VA 22202 USA	Hulshof, CM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	hulshof@email.arizona.edu	Swenson, Nathan/A-3514-2012; Stegen, James/Q-3078-2016	Swenson, Nathan/0000-0003-3819-9767; Stegen, James/0000-0001-9135-7424; Hulshof, Catherine/0000-0002-2200-8076; Enquist, Brian/0000-0002-6124-7096	NSF [DBI-0906005, DBI-0805618]; TEAM from Conservation International; NSF ATB [DEB-0133974]	Warm thanks to D. Venable, T. Huxman, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable and enlightening comments. We also thank G. C. Stevens for providing his impressive original data set; without it this study would not have been possible. C. M. Hulshof was supported by a NSF Graduate Diversity Fellowship and partially supported by a TEAM fellowship to B. J. Enquist from Conservation International. J. C. Stegen was supported by a NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Bioinformatics (DBI-0906005). N. G. Swenson was supported by a NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Bioinformatics (DBI-0805618). B. J. Enquist was supported by an NSF ATB award (DEB-0133974).	ACOSTA FJ, 1993, OIKOS, V68, P267, DOI 10.2307/3544839; Bazzaz F. A., 2000, Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities, P1, DOI 10.1079/9780851994321.0001; Bazzaz F. 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J	Scott, RD; Heikkonen, J				Scott, Robert D.; Heikkonen, Jukka			Estimating age at first maturity in fish from change-points in growth rate	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Plaice; Maturation; Segmented regression; Reaction norm; Genetic adaptation; Phenotypic plasticity	NORTH-SEA PLAICE; MATURATION REACTION NORMS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; REGRESSION; FISHERIES; SIZE; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS	Recent studies have drawn attention to the potential for evolutionary changes in life-history traits as a consequence of the size-selective process of fishing, and evidence of so-called fisheries-induced evolution has been reported for a number of different species. Most studies of fisheries-induced evolution have focused on changes in sexual maturation using the probabilistic maturation reaction norm method, which requires specific information on the age at which maturation occurs, often derived from macroscopic examination of the gonads. In the absence of sufficiently detailed measurements of maturity it is necessary to derive estimates of the age at which maturation occurs from alternative sources of information, for example, from length at age data. We apply a relatively simple segmented regression model to length at age data for plaice Pleuronectes platessa in the Irish Sea in order to identify the change-point between 2 specific growth schedules that can be used as a proxy for age at first maturity in individual cohorts. We use a Bayesian approach for model fitting and map the resulting distribution of change-points using Gaussian mixture models to show that the age at which the change-point occurred in individual cohorts of both male and female plaice in the Irish Sea has declined progressively over an 18 yr period between 1988 and 2005.	[Scott, Robert D.; Heikkonen, Jukka] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IPSC Maritime Affairs Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy; [Scott, Robert D.] Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England; [Heikkonen, Jukka] Univ Turku, Dept Informat Technol, Turku 20014, Finland	Scott, RD (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IPSC Maritime Affairs Unit, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.	robert.scott@cefas.co.uk	Scott, Robert/B-8365-2013; Heikkonen, Jukka/R-4912-2017				Barot S, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P659; Barrowman NJ, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P665, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-57-4-665; Baulier L, 2008, J FISH BIOL, V73, P2452, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02088.x; BEVERTON RJH, 1992, J FISH BIOL, V41, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03875.x; Bishop C. 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A. F., 2003, NONLINEAR REGRESSION; Solmundsson J, 2003, FISH RES, V61, P57, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00212-6; Stamps JA, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P470, DOI 10.1086/286183; Tsoularis A, 2002, MATH BIOSCI, V179, P21, DOI 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00096-2; van Walraven L, 2010, J SEA RES, V64, P85, DOI 10.1016/j.seares.2009.07.003	51	7	7	1	30	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	450						147	157		10.3354/meps09565				11	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	915ZK	WOS:000302066000011		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Lorenzon, RE; Quiroga, MA				Lorenzon, Rodrigo E.; Quiroga, Martin A.			Breeding biology of the White-rumped Swallow (Tachycineta leucorrhoa; Hirundinidae) in a wetland: a comparative approach	AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						birds; life history; Tachycineta spp.; reproductive parameters	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TREE SWALLOWS; CLUTCH-SIZE; PARENTAL CARE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SEASONAL DECLINE; PASSERINE BIRDS; BICOLOR; GROWTH; VARIABILITY	We studied the reproductive biology of the White-rumped Swallow (Tachycineta leucorrhoa) in a colony of 50 nests boxes located in a wetland of the Parana River, Santa Fe, Argentina between 2004 and 2006. The nest boxes were checked regularly and reproductive parameters, as well as morphological data of eggs and nestlings, were recorded. The species had an average clutch size of 4.7 eggs whose volumes and weight means were 2.04 cm(3) and 2.17 g. respectively. The incubation period averaged 15.9 days and decreased with the clutch size. The mean nestling period was 23.8 days. Clutch size, number of nestlings per nest and the nestling period decreased with the advance of the breeding seasons, while the incubation time increased. Breeding parameters showed a similarity with those reported for the population from Chascomus site, although the eggs were 5% heavier, the incubation period took one more day and the reproductive success was also higher. With the closely related species Tachycineta meyeni, the studied species showed a lower clutch size. Finally, considering another closely related species Tachycineta bicolor, the White-rumped Swallow showed the reproductive life history traits characteristic of species in the southern hemisphere. We provide new information for this species nesting on wetlands, a fact that contributes to the understanding of changes in the life history of the Tachycineta genus along the American continent.	[Lorenzon, Rodrigo E.; Quiroga, Martin A.] Inst Nacl Limnol INALI CONICET UNL, RA-3000 Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; [Quiroga, Martin A.] Univ Autonoma Entre Rios, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, RA-3100 Corrientes, Parana, Argentina; [Quiroga, Martin A.] Univ Autonoma Entre Rios, Fac Ciencia & Tecnol, RA-3100 Andres Pasos, Parana, Argentina	Lorenzon, RE (reprint author), Inst Nacl Limnol INALI CONICET UNL, Ciudad Univ S-N, RA-3000 Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina.	mquiroga@inali.unl.edu.ar		Lorenzon, Rodrigo Ezequiel/0000-0002-9854-9039	National Science Foundation, PIRE [OISE-0730180]	We thank Mr Francisco Caminos for allowing us to conduct part of this study on their grounds. We also thank P. Peltzer for critical reading of the manuscript and to R. Regner, E. Lordi and E. Creus (INALI-CONICET-UNL) for setting up and maintaining nest boxes. This study was made possible by a National Science Foundation, PIRE grant OISE-0730180.	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Res.		2012	5	1					47	53		10.3184/175815512X13267955937297				7	Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology	Agriculture; Zoology	913TG	WOS:000301899700007					2019-02-21	
J	Roulette, CJ; Hagen, EH				Roulette, Casey J.; Hagen, Edward H.			Tobacco, cannabis, parasites, and life history strategies in hunter-gatherers from the Central African Republic	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Meeting Abstract	81st Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists	2012	Portland, OR	Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol					[Roulette, Casey J.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA; [Hagen, Edward H.] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada								0	1	1	0	5	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0002-9483			AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL	Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.		2012	147			54			253	253						1	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	895LW	WOS:000300498701143					2019-02-21	
S	McGlynn, TP		Berenbaum, MR		McGlynn, Terrence P.			The Ecology of Nest Movement in Social Insects	ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 57	Annual Review of Entomology		English	Review; Book Chapter						absconding; ant; emigration; migration; nomadism; relocation	ANT APHAENOGASTER-ARANEOIDES; APIS-MELLIFERA-SCUTELLATA; INVASIVE ARGENTINE ANT; SEASONAL POLYDOMY; PHEIDOLE-DESERTORUM; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; SWARMING COLONIES; DECISION-MAKING; HARVESTER ANT; RAIN-FOREST	Social insect colonies are typically mobile entities, moving nests from one location to another throughout the life of a colony. The majority of social insect species-ants, bees, wasps, and termites-have likely adopted the habit of relocating nests periodically. The syndromes of nest relocation include legionary nomadism, unstable nesting, intrinsic nest relocation, and adventitious nest relocation. The emergence of nest movement is a functional response to a broad range of potential selective forces, including colony growth, competition, foraging efficiency, microclimate, nest deterioration, nest quality, parasitism, predation, and seasonality. Considering the great taxonomic and geographic distribution of nest movements, assumptions regarding the nesting biology of social insects should be reevaluated, including our understanding of population genetics, life-history evolution, and the role of competition in structuring communities.	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Rev. Entomol.		2012	57						291	308		10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100708				18	Entomology	Entomology	BYR10	WOS:000299834000016	21910641				2019-02-21	
J	Rijnsdorp, AD; van Overzee, HMJ; Poos, JJ				Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.; van Overzee, Harriet M. J.; Poos, Jan Jaap			Ecological and economic trade-offs in the management of mixed fisheries: a case study of spawning closures in flatfish fisheries	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Ecosystem approach; Closed areas; Closed seasons; Discards; Bottom trawling impact; Selection differential; Indicators; Good environmental status	NORTH-SEA PLAICE; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; DEMERSAL FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; REACTION NORMS; ADULT PLAICE; IMPACT; COMMUNITIES	As a contribution to the ecosystem approach to fisheries management, we estimated the effects of spawning closures on stock status, ecosystem impacts and economic performance. We focused on the flatfish fishery in the North Sea and explored how spawning closures for plaice and sole contribute to sustainable management of 4 target species (sole, plaice, turbot and brill). Seasonal patterns in fishing effort and catchability by age group and area were estimated to quantify the effect of different spawning closure scenarios on the selection pattern. The scenario performance was evaluated using indicators of stock status (spawning stock biomass), economic performance of the fishery (yield, revenue) and ecosystem impact (discards, bycatch of cod and rays, seabed integrity, fisheries-induced evolution). In a single-species context, spawning closures may be beneficial for the target species, while in a mixed fisheries and ecosystem context, negative effects may occur. A spawning closure for plaice combines positive effects on the plaice stock and the revenue with reductions of the negative impact for several ecosystem indicators and only a small negative effect on sea bed integrity. The effects did not differ when evaluated at current levels of effort or at maximum sustainable yield (MSY) effort. Tailor-made solutions are required that need to be developed in stakeholder consultation to trade-off the ecological and economic objectives. Mixed-species MSY was lower than the sum of the single-species MSYs.	[Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.; van Overzee, Harriet M. J.; Poos, Jan Jaap] Inst Marine Resources & Ecol Studies, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands; [Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.] Wageningen Univ, Aquaculture & Fisheries Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands	Rijnsdorp, AD (reprint author), Inst Marine Resources & Ecol Studies, Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.	adriaan.rijnsdorp@wur.nl	Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/A-4217-2008; Poos, Jan Jaap/B-9940-2009	Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/0000-0003-0785-9662; Poos, Jan Jaap/0000-0002-8507-5751	Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (ELI) [G080734, G080735, G092394, G092428, G103061, G103063, G103066]; national programme Kennis Basis WOT 'trade-offs msy targets' (KBWOT)	This manuscript was prepared as part of a research project commissioned by the 'Stichting Vis & Seizoen' and supported by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (EL&I) through the 'Visserij Innovatie Platform' (G080734, G080735, G092394, G092428, G103061, G103063, G103066). The contribution of J.J.P. was partly funded by the national programme Kennis Basis WOT 'trade-offs msy targets' (KBWOT). Critical comments of D. Miller and M. Dickey-Collas on an earlier version of the manuscript are highly appreciated.	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Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2012	447						179	194		10.3354/meps09519				16	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	897OG	WOS:000300660600013		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Ota, K; Hori, M; Kohda, M				Ota, Kazutaka; Hori, Michio; Kohda, Masanori			Changes in reproductive life-history strategies in response to nest density in a shell-brooding cichlid, Telmatochromis vittatus	NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN			English	Article						Alternative reproductive tactics; Interpopulation comparison; Nest choice; Nest piracy; Sperm competition; Body size	ALTERNATIVE MATING BEHAVIORS; SPERM COMPETITION GAMES; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; LAKE TANGANYIKA; POMATOSCHISTUS-MINUTUS; TERRITORIAL MALES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RHODEUS-SERICEUS; SAND GOBY; SELECTION	To determine whether the appearance of a reproductively parasitic tactic varies, and how this variation affects territorial males of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish Telmatochromis vittatus, we examined the reproductive ecology of territorial males in Mtondwe and compared it with that of a neighboring Wonzye population, where nest density differs from that at Mtondwe. In Wonzye, with high nest density, male tactics change with their body size from a territorial to a non-territorial parasitic tactic called piracy in which they conquer several nests defended by territorial males and take over the nests while females are spawning. These "pirate" males could decrease the costs incurred by travelling among nests by exclusively targeting aggregations of nests in close proximity while avoiding separate nests. Territorial males in Wonzye sacrifice the potential higher attractiveness offered by large nests and instead compete for nests farther from neighbors on which pirates less frequently intrude. In contrast, the Mtondwe population had lower nest density and piracy was absent. Given that the success of piracy depends on the close proximity of nests, nest density is likely responsible for the observed variation in the occurrence of piracy between the two populations. Furthermore, in Mtondwe, territorial males competed for larger nests and were smaller than the territorial males in Wonzye. Thus, this lower nest density may free territorial males from the selection pressures for increased size caused by both defense against nest piracy and the need to develop into pirates as they grow.	[Ota, Kazutaka; Hori, Michio] Kyoto Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; [Kohda, Masanori] Osaka City Univ, Dept Biol & Geosci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan	Ota, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.	kztk@terra.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp		Ota, Kazutaka/0000-0002-7097-7330	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT [A06]	We thank the staff of the Lake Tanganyika Research Unit at the Fisheries Research Institute of Zambia for their support during field work. We are very grateful to Kaya Matsuoka and Anny Mogollon for English correction and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported partly by Overseas Scientific Research grant (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT) to M. K. and Global COE project A06 (MEXT). The present study was conducted with permission from the Zambian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries for fish research in Lake Tanganyika.	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J	Hiltunen, T; Friman, VP; Kaitala, V; Mappes, J; Laakso, J				Hiltunen, Teppo; Friman, Ville-Petri; Kaitala, Veijo; Mappes, Johanna; Laakso, Jouni			Predation and resource fluctuations drive eco-evolutionary dynamics of a bacterial community	ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						Diversity; Evenness; Predator-prey interaction; Resource competition; Temporal variation; Rapid evolution; Trophic dynamics	MODEL ADAPTIVE RADIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PREY INTERACTIONS; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS; MAINTENANCE; COEXISTENCE	Predation and temporal resource availability are among the most important factors determining prey community dynamics and composition. Both factors have been shown to affect prey diversity, but less is known about their interactive effects, especially in rapidly evolving prey communities. In a laboratory microcosm experiment, we manipulated the presence of the predatory protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila and the temporal patterns in the availability of resources for a bacterial prey community. We found that both predation and temporal fluctuations in prey resources resulted in a more even prey community, and these factors also interacted so that the effect of predation was only seen in a fluctuating environment. One possible explanation for this finding could be differences in prey species grazing resistance and resource use abilities, which likely had the greatest effect on prey community structure in fluctuating environments with periodical resource limitation. We also found that prey communities evolved to be more grazing-resistant during the experiment, and that this effect was due to a clear increase in the grazing resistance of the bacterium Serratia marcescens. Our results demonstrate that temporal variability in prey resources and predation can promote more even prey species proportions by allowing the existence of both defensive and competitive prey life-history strategies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	[Hiltunen, Teppo; Friman, Ville-Petri; Mappes, Johanna; Laakso, Jouni] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Ctr Excellence Evolutionary Res, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland; [Friman, Ville-Petri; Kaitala, Veijo; Laakso, Jouni] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Integrat Ecol Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland	Hiltunen, T (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.	tjh92@cornell.edu	Hiltunen, Teppo/A-4308-2015; Laakso, Jouni/I-7794-2013	Hiltunen, Teppo/0000-0001-7206-2399; Laakso, Jouni/0000-0001-8245-9912; Friman, Ville-Petri/0000-0002-1592-157X; Mappes, Johanna/0000-0002-1117-5629	Academy of Finland [106993]; Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Ecology, University of Jyvaskyla	We thank T. Ketola, LE. Jones and the Hairston lab group for valuable comments, M. Niskanen for assistance in the lab and K. Viipale for conceptual help. We also thank K. Blackley for editing the language. The study was funded by the Academy of Finland (project #106993) and the Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Ecology, University of Jyvaskyla.	Abrams PA, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P79, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.79; Angers A.L, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V14, P11641; ATCC, 2007, LGC PROM PROT COLL; Bohannan BJM, 1999, AM NAT, V153, P73, DOI 10.1086/303151; Bohannan BJM, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P329, DOI 10.1086/303393; Chase JM, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P302, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00315.x; Chesson P, 1997, AM NAT, V150, P519, DOI 10.1086/286080; Chesson P, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P343, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343; Chesson P. 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J. Ecol.	JAN	2012	38						77	83		10.1016/j.actao.2011.09.010				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	887DO	WOS:000299907300011					2019-02-21	
J	Vainikka, A; Hyvarinen, P				Vainikka, Anssi; Hyvarinen, Pekka			Ecologically and evolutionarily sustainable fishing of the pikeperch Sander lucioperca: Lake Oulujarvi as an example	FISHERIES RESEARCH			English	Article						Fisheries management; Density-dependence; Fisheries-induced evolution; Population dynamics	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; STIZOSTEDION-LUCIOPERCA; REACTION NORMS; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; NATURAL MORTALITY; INLAND WATERS; BROWN TROUT; BALTIC SEA	Due to the multitude of participants and a diverse range of fishing gear used freshwater fisheries are often managed using minimum size limits (MSL) rather than regulations of total fishing effort. However, a concern has arisen whether attempts to improve ecological sustainability of fisheries by increasing MSLs would induce undesired adaptations to selective fishing. We examined the ecological and evolutionary impacts of varying fishing mortality rates under varying MSLs, with and without stockings, in an age-, size-, and maturity-structured evolutionary model which was parameterized for the Lake Oulujarvi pikeperch, Sander lucioperca. We found that at the current level of harvesting (fishing mortality rate, F=0.7) and stockings (430 000 year(-1)), and under the assumption of strongly density-dependent growth, the nation-wide MSL of 370 mm maximizes theoretical biomass yield in a deterministic model but does not prevent severe recruitment overfishing under further increased fishing pressures or stochasticity in recruitment success. The recently imposed, local MSL of 450 mm better ensures stable yields, and even increases them if individual growth is density-independent, but further increase of MSL to 500 mm would already reduce yield especially if there was discard mortality for undersized fish. Given density-dependent growth, equal survival between wild and stocked fish, and sustainable fishing mortality rate, stockings do not increase yield or significantly improve the stability of yields. Evolutionarily stable size at maturation decreases under strong fishing mortality, but increased MSLs reduce the magnitude of this undesired effect. Negatively size-dependent natural mortality was found to have a positive effect on the otherwise negative selection for length-at-age. Increased MSLs also reduce the total selection for decreased length-at-age. Our results support the intentions to increase MSLs in order to improve both ecological and evolutionary sustainability of recreational fisheries. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Vainikka, Anssi] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; [Vainikka, Anssi] Univ Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; [Hyvarinen, Pekka] Finnish Game, FI-88300 Paltamo, Finland; [Hyvarinen, Pekka] Fisheries Res Inst, FI-88300 Paltamo, Finland	Vainikka, A (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.	anssi.vainikka@gmail.com		Vainikka, Anssi/0000-0002-0172-5615	Academy of Finland [127398]	This research has been supported by the Academy of Finland (project 127398). We thank Eero Taskila, Fortum Power and Heat Oy and Poyry Finland Oy for kindly providing us data on catches, fish ages and fishing efforts. We thank Tapio Keskinen ja Juha Karjalainen for helpful discussions regarding the energy intake of pikeperch. Tapio Keskinen and the behavioural ecology group of University of Oulu are acknowledged for their helpful comments on the manuscript. For help with the earlier versions of the base model, U. Dieckmann, D. Boukal, A. Brannstrom and A. Gardmark are gratefully acknowledged. The cited grey literature and unpublished data sources are available from the authors upon request.	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J, 1992, QUANTITATIVE FISHERI	70	17	17	3	44	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	AMSTERDAM	PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	0165-7836	1872-6763		FISH RES	Fish Res.	JAN	2012	113	1					8	20		10.1016/j.fishres.2011.09.004				13	Fisheries	Fisheries	887EZ	WOS:000299911000002					2019-02-21	
J	Rotella, JJ; Link, WA; Chambert, T; Stauffer, GE; Garrott, RA				Rotella, Jay J.; Link, William A.; Chambert, Thierry; Stauffer, Glenn E.; Garrott, Robert A.			Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30 years of mark-recapture data	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						demography; environmental canalization; Leptonychotes weddellii; marine mammal; pinniped; population dynamics	POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; LIFE-HISTORIES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MCMURDO-SOUND	1. Life-history theory predicts that those vital rates that make larger contributions to population growth rate ought to be more strongly buffered against environmental variability than are those that are less important. Despite the importance of the theory for predicting demographic responses to changes in the environment, it is not yet known how pervasive demographic buffering is in animal populations because the validity of most existing studies has been called into question because of methodological deficiencies. 2. We tested for demographic buffering in the southern-most breeding mammal population in the world using data collected from 5558 known-age female Weddell seals over 30 years. We first estimated all vital rates simultaneously with mark-recapture analysis and then estimated process variance and covariance in those rates using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We next calculated the population growth rate's sensitivity to changes in each of the vital rates and tested for evidence of demographic buffering by comparing properly scaled values of sensitivity and process variance in vital rates. 3. We found evidence of positive process covariance between vital rates, which indicates that all vital rates are affected in the same direction by changes in annual environment. Despite the positive correlations, we found strong evidence that demographic buffering occurred through reductions in variation in the vital rates to which population growth rate was most sensitive. Process variation in vital rates was inversely related to sensitivity measures such that variation was greatest in breeding probabilities, intermediate for survival rates of young animals and lowest for survival rates of older animals. 4. Our work contributes to a small but growing set of studies that have used rigorous methods on long-term, detailed data to investigate demographic responses to environmental variation. The information from these studies improves our understanding of life-history evolution in stochastic environments and provides useful information for predicting population responses to future environmental change. Our results for an Antarctic apex predator also provide useful baselines from a marine ecosystem when its top-and middle-trophic levels were not substantially impacted by human activity.	[Rotella, Jay J.; Chambert, Thierry; Stauffer, Glenn E.; Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA	Rotella, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.	rotella@montana.edu		Chambert, Thierry/0000-0002-9450-9080	National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [DEB-0635739]; NSF; Raytheon Polar Services Company; Antarctic Support Associates; United States Navy and Air Force; Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated	We thank the many individuals who have worked on projects associated with the Erebus Bay Weddell seal population since the 1960s. We thank J. D. Nichols for helpful suggestions during analysis, and we thank D. B. Siniff for discussions that improved this manuscript. We are grateful to J.-M. Gaillard, J. D. Nichols and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The project was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (grant no. DEB-0635739 to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, and D. B. Siniff) and prior NSF grants to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, D. B. Siniff and J. W. Testa. Logistical support for fieldwork in Antarctica was provided by Raytheon Polar Services Company, Antarctic Support Associates, the United States Navy and Air Force, and Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated. Animal handling protocol was approved by Montana State University's Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #41-05).	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K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT ANIM	88	31	32	3	64	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0021-8790	1365-2656		J ANIM ECOL	J. Anim. Ecol.	JAN	2012	81	1					162	173		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x				12	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	859BO	WOS:000297849300017	21939440	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Mokkonen, M; Koskela, E; Mappes, T; Mills, SC				Mokkonen, Mikael; Koskela, Esa; Mappes, Tapio; Mills, Suzanne C.			Sexual antagonism for testosterone maintains multiple mating behaviour	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						bank vole; life history evolution; mating behaviour; mating system; sexual conflict; sexually antagonistic selection	SPERM COMPETITION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC BENEFITS; BATEMAN GRADIENT; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LITTER SIZE; TRADE-OFFS; SELECTION; CONFLICT; EVOLUTION	1. The persistence of multiple mating remains one of the fundamental questions in evolutionary biology. In theory, multiple mating is predicted to improve female fitness cumulatively through direct and/or genetic benefits. However, intra-locus sexual conflicts may potentially constrain or even eliminate these benefits owing to the gender load imposed by sexually antagonistic selection. 2. Here, we tested whether sexually antagonistic selection can maintain the variance in multiple mating behaviour of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) by manipulating the hormone testosterone through artificial selection in the laboratory. Among mammals, testosterone is a sexually dimorphic fitness-related trait under selection and is known to affect mating behaviour. We conducted mating trials in which females derived from family-based selection of testosterone were sequentially paired with four males of different testosterone profiles. 3. We show that artificial selection for high testosterone increased the mating rate of males, but clearly decreased the number of partners that females mated with and vice versa). Because multiple mating was beneficial for the reproductive success of both sexes, as evidenced by the positive Bateman gradients, the divergent evolutionary interests of testosterone between the sexes can maintain this polygynandrous mating system. 4. Our results highlight how mating rate is concordantly selected in both sexes; however, it is largely influenced by testosterone, which is under sexually antagonistic selection. 5. This study is the first one to emphasise the direct and indirect effects of the endocrine system not only on reproductive physiology and behaviour but also for the evolution of genetic mating strategies in mammals.	[Mokkonen, Mikael; Mappes, Tapio] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Ctr Excellence Evolutionary Res, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland; [Mills, Suzanne C.] Univ Perpignan, Lab Excellence CORAIL, CBETM, USR CNRS EPHE 3278, F-66860 Perpignan, France	Mokkonen, M (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Ctr Excellence Evolutionary Res, POB 35, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland.	mikael.mokkonen@jyu.fi	Mills, Suzanne/K-5538-2012; Mappes, Tapio/B-9780-2013	Koskela, Esa/0000-0002-9418-5733; Mills, Suzanne/0000-0001-8948-3384; Mappes, Tapio/0000-0002-5936-7355	Academy of Finland [115961, 119200, 218107, 118603, 109165, 204284, 103508, 108566]; Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research in the University of Jyvaskyla; Vanamo Biological Society and Ehrnrooth Foundation	This study was financially supported by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 115961, 119200 and 218107 to E. K.; 118603, 109165 and 204284 to T. M.; 103508 and 108566 to S. C. M.) and the Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research in the University of Jyvaskyla. M. M. was additionally supported by the Vanamo Biological Society and Ehrnrooth Foundation. We thank D. Hosken, V. Lummaa and T. Laaksonen for comments, the staff of the Experimental Animal Unit of the University of Jyvaskyla , as well as R. Nara, A.- M. Pihlajamaki and H. Pietilainen for assistance with laboratory analyses.	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Anim. Ecol.	JAN	2012	81	1					277	283		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01903.x				7	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	859BO	WOS:000297849300029	21950272				2019-02-21	
J	Kerney, RR; Blackburn, DC; Muller, H; Hanken, J				Kerney, Ryan R.; Blackburn, David C.; Mueller, Hendrik; Hanken, James			DO LARVAL TRAITS RE-EVOLVE? EVIDENCE FROM THE EMBRYOGENESIS OF A DIRECT-DEVELOPING SALAMANDER, PLETHODON CINEREUS	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Development; direct development; Dollo's Law; evolutionary developmental biology; life history evolution; Plethodontidae	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DOLLOS LAW; SKELETAL MORPHOGENESIS; LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS; EURYCEA-BISLINEATA; MARSUPIAL FROGS; URODELE SKULL; BODY-SIZE; AMPHIBIA	Recent molecular phylogenies suggest the surprising reacquisition of posthatching metamorphosis within an otherwise direct-developing clade of lungless salamanders (family Plethodontidae). Metamorphosis was long regarded as plesiomorphic for plethodontids, yet the genus Desmognathus, which primarily includes metamorphosing species, is now nested within a much larger clade of direct-developing species. The extent to which the putative reacquisition of metamorphosis in Desmognathus represents a true evolutionary reversal is contingent upon the extent to which both larva-specific features and metamorphosis were actually lost during the evolution of direct development. In this study we analyze development of the hyobranchial skeleton, which is dramatically remodeled during salamander metamorphosis, in the direct-developing red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. We find dramatic remodeling of the hyobranchial skeleton during embryogenesis in P. cinereus and the transient appearance of larva-specific cartilages. Hyobranchial development in this direct-developing plethodontid is highly similar to that in metamorphosing plethodontids (e.g., Desmognathus). The proposed reacquisition of hyobranchial metamorphosis within Desmognathus does not represent the re-evolution of a lost phenotype, but instead the elaboration of an existing developmental sequence.	[Kerney, Ryan R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada; [Blackburn, David C.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA; [Blackburn, David C.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA; [Mueller, Hendrik] Univ Jena, Inst Spezielle Zool & Evolut Biol, Phylet Museum, D-07743 Jena, Germany; [Mueller, Hendrik; Hanken, James] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Mueller, Hendrik; Hanken, James] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA	Kerney, RR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.	ryankerney@gmail.com	Mueller, Hendrik/B-4979-2010	Mueller, Hendrik/0000-0001-6764-7376; Kerney, Ryan/0000-0002-4740-7735; Blackburn, David/0000-0002-1810-9886; Hanken, James/0000-0003-2782-9671	Volkswagen Foundation; Bruce Family Scholarship in Herpetology; German Science Foundation (DFG) [OL134/8-1]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EF-0334846-AmphibiaTree]	We thank D. Wake, C. Rose, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. RRK is an American Association of Anatomists (AAA) Postdoctoral Fellow, and this work was funded in part by AAA and by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant to B. Hall. DCB acknowledges L. Trueb for support and advice during the illustration of hyobranchial cartilage development. HM is supported by a Volkswagen Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Bruce Family Scholarship in Herpetology (Highlands Biological Station), and by the German Science Foundation (DFG, OL134/8-1 to L. Olsson and HM). Additional support was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (EF-0334846-AmphibiaTree) to JH.	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J	Crossin, GT; Dawson, A; Phillips, RA; Trathan, PN; Gorman, KB; Adlard, S; Williams, TD				Crossin, Glenn T.; Dawson, Alistair; Phillips, Richard A.; Trathan, Phil N.; Gorman, Kristen B.; Adlard, Stacey; Williams, Tony D.			Seasonal patterns of prolactin and corticosterone secretion in an Antarctic seabird that moults during reproduction	GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY			English	Article						Prolactin; Corticosterone; Physiological conflict; Incubation; Chick rearing; Giant petrel; Macronectes; Life-history; Foraging behaviour; Parental care	GIANT PETRELS MACRONECTES; SOUTH GEORGIA; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; STURNUS-VULGARIS; BREEDING OVERLAP; POSTNUPTIAL MOLT; FEATHER QUALITY; TROPICAL BIRDS; CLUTCH SIZE; STRESS	In avian species that have evolved life-history strategies wherein molt and breeding overlap, there are potential conflicts between the regulatory roles of baseline prolactin and corticosterone in parental care (positive) and moult (negative). We describe seasonal patterns of hormonal secretion, moult, and parental behaviour in sibling species of giant petrels (Macronectes spp.) which begin moult during the incubation/early chick-rearing stage of reproduction. With the exception of male Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus), prolactin secretion and moult in Northern (Macronectes halli) and female Southern giant petrels conformed to those observed in all other avian species, with the initiation of moult coincident with decreases from peak prolactin levels. However, male Southern giant petrels began moulting early in incubation when prolactin was increasing and had not yet peaked, which suggests a requirement of prolactin for incubation behaviour and a dissociation of prolactin from moult. Corticosterone showed little seasonal variation and no relationship with moult. When comparing prolactin, corticosterone, and moult in failed vs. active breeders, we found that failed breeding enabled a more rapid down-regulation of prolactin, thus facilitating a more rapid moult. We present specific examples of the behavioural ecology of giant petrels which we conclude help mediate any potential hormonal conflicts between parental care and moult. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Crossin, Glenn T.; Gorman, Kristen B.; Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Crossin, Glenn T.; Dawson, Alistair] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Nat Environm Res Council, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland; [Phillips, Richard A.; Trathan, Phil N.; Adlard, Stacey] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England	Crossin, GT (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.	crossin@interchange.ubc.ca	Dawson, Alistair/B-4221-2012	Dawson, Alistair/0000-0001-6492-872X; Gorman, Kristen B./0000-0002-0258-9264	British Antarctic Survey through an Antarctic Funding Initiative; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC; NSERC E-BIRD; Natural Environment Research Council [bas0100025, CEH010021]	Many thanks to Fabrice Le Bouard and Dickie Hall at the British Antarctic Survey for their kind assistance on Bird Island. Thanks too to Peter Sharp at the Roslin Institute for assistance with the prolactin assay. Oliver Love, Eunice Chin, Katrina Salvante, and members of the Soma Lab at the University of British Columbia provided helpful advice concerning corticosterone radio-immunoassay. Financial support for this work was provided by the British Antarctic Survey through an Antarctic Funding Initiative Collaborative Gearing Scheme awarded to AD, PNT, and RAP. Additional support was provided through a National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Post-doctoral Fellowship and NSERC E-BIRD funding to GTC, and through an NSERC Discovery Grant to TDW.	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C., 2000, HDB PHYSL 7, P211; WINGFIELD JC, 1992, J EXP ZOOL, V264, P419, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402640407; Wingfield JC, 1998, AM ZOOL, V38, P191	60	9	9	1	38	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	0016-6480			GEN COMP ENDOCR	Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.	JAN 1	2012	175	1					74	81		10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.003				8	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Endocrinology & Metabolism	875WL	WOS:000299065800010	22020257	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Caruso, CM; Maherali, H; Benscoter, AM				Caruso, Christina M.; Maherali, Hafiz; Benscoter, Allison M.			WHY ARE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN FLOWER SIZE AND NUMBER INFREQUENTLY DETECTED? A TEST OF THREE HYPOTHESES	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES			English	Article						constraint; floral display evolution; independent contrasts; Mimulus guttatus; pollination; trade-offs	EICHHORNIA-PANICULATA PONTEDERIACEAE; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS; FLORAL DISPLAY; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; ATTRACTIVE STRUCTURES; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; ALLOCATION; SELECTION	Although the flower is the unit of sexual reproduction in angiosperms, a plant's reproductive success is determined by its entire floral display. A trade-off between the size and number of flowers produced is an assumption of models of floral display evolution, but this trade-off is often not observed. We tested three hypotheses for why a trade-off between flower size and number is not observed, using 32 populations of Mimulus guttatus and 83 genera from the California flora. We found support for the hypothesis that high variance in resource acquisition masks a trade-off between flower size and number. In contrast, we did not find support for the hypothesis that trade-offs between current and future reproduction mask negative correlations between flower size and number in lineages with a perennial life history. We also did not find support for the hypothesis that negative flower size-number correlations are less likely to be observed in lineages with lower variation in flower number because the correlation between two variables is weaker when the range of values is narrower. Overall, our results support the life history evolution literature in suggesting that high variance in resource acquisition relative to allocation can often explain why traits that are predicted to trade off are instead positively correlated.	[Caruso, Christina M.; Maherali, Hafiz] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Benscoter, Allison M.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA	Caruso, CM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.	carusoc@uoguelph.ca		Caruso, Christina/0000-0001-7069-9572	Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada	This work was supported by Discovery Grants from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada to Christina M. Caruso and Hafiz Maherali. We thank M. Arcand, N. Deravi, T. King, K. Maclellan, A. Porter, S. Scott, S. Weber, and J. Wray for help with data collection. M. Mucci assisted in the greenhouse. We thank J. Willis and C. Wu for providing Mimulus seeds. E. Elle, N. Gale, G. Poon, P. Vogan, E. Wassink, and S. Weber provided helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript.	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J	Walsh, MR; Post, DM				Walsh, M. R.; Post, D. M.			The impact of intraspecific variation in a fish predator on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and investment in sex in Daphnia ambigua	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						diapause; genotype environment interaction; life-history evolution	LIFE-HISTORY SHIFTS; INDUCIBLE DEFENSES; LOCAL ADAPTATION; INDUCED DIAPAUSE; CHEMICAL CUES; POPULATIONS; PULEX; MAGNA; ZOOPLANKTON; RESPONSES	Theory predicts that the evolution of phenotypic plasticity depends upon cues that indicate environmental change. Predators typically induce plastic responses in prey. However, variation among populations of predators alters the frequency of predation and, possibly, the evolution of plasticity. We compared responses to predator cues in Daphnia ambigua from lakes where alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) either do (anadromous) or do not (landlocked) migrate between marine and freshwater. In anadromous lakes, Daphnia are abundant each spring but eliminated by alewives in summer, whereas Daphnia are constantly under the threat of predation in landlocked lakes. Daphnia from anadromous lakes grew faster, matured earlier and larger, produced more offspring and invested more in sex than Daphnia from landlocked lakes. We observed several significant lake type-by-predator treatment interactions. These interactions, whereby the differences between lakes were greater in predator-conditioned water, agree with theory and argue that Daphnia plasticity has been influenced by variation in alewives.	[Walsh, M. R.; Post, D. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA	Walsh, MR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	matthew.walsh@yale.edu	Post, David/A-6987-2009	Post, David/0000-0003-1434-7729	National Science Foundation; Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies	We thank Steve Stearns and Dave Strayer for the use of equipment and Jakob Brodersen, Torrance Hanley, Elizabeth Hatton, Jennifer Howeth, Andrew Jones and Derek West for help in the field or laboratory. Comments by two anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this paper. The National Science Foundation and the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies provided funding.	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J., 1971, STAT PRINCIPLES EXPT; YOUNG S, 1994, FRESHWATER BIOL, V32, P479, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01141.x	66	16	17	2	60	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	JAN	2012	25	1					80	89		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02403.x				10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	861IX	WOS:000298013700007	22022990	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Schroeder, J; Burke, T; Mannarelli, ME; Dawson, DA; Nakagawa, S				Schroeder, J.; Burke, T.; Mannarelli, M. -E.; Dawson, D. A.; Nakagawa, S.			Maternal effects and heritability of annual productivity	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Aves; evolution of ageing; heritability of fitness; life-history evolution; quantitative genetics	WILD BIRD POPULATION; SPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LIFE-HISTORY; HOUSE SPARROWS; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; PARENTAL CARE; AGE; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION	Within-individual consistency and among-individual heterogeneity in fitness are prerequisites for selection to take place. Within-individual variation in productivity between years, however, can vary considerably, especially when organisms become older and more experienced. We examine individual consistency in annual productivity, the covariation between survival and annual productivity, and the sources of variation in annual productivity, while accounting for advancing age, to test the individual-quality and resource-allocation life-history theory hypotheses. We use long-term data from a pedigreed, wild population of house sparrows. Within-individual annual productivity first increased and later decreased with age, but there were no selective mortality due to individual quality and no correlation between lifespan and productivity. Individuals were consistent in their annual productivity (C = 0.49). Narrow-sense heritability was low (h2 = 0.09), but maternal effects explained much of the variation (M = 0.33). Such effects can influence evolutionary processes and are of major importance for our understanding of how variation in fitness can be maintained.	[Schroeder, J.; Burke, T.; Mannarelli, M. -E.; Dawson, D. A.; Nakagawa, S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Nakagawa, S.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand; [Nakagawa, S.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet, Seewiesen, Germany	Schroeder, J (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Alfred Denny Bldg,Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.	julia.schroeder@gmail.com	Burke, Terry/B-3196-2011; Nakagawa, Shinichi/B-5571-2011; Schroeder, Julia/B-1436-2010	Burke, Terry/0000-0003-3848-1244; Nakagawa, Shinichi/0000-0002-7765-5182; Schroeder, Julia/0000-0002-4136-843X	NERC [NE/F006071/1]; Humbolt Fellowship; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F006071/1, NBAF010001]	We thank the Lundy Company and their staff for allowing us to work on Lundy Island and for invaluable support in the field. We thank Ian Owens, Hannah Dugdale and Martijn Hammers for conceptual contributions and inspiring discussions, Ian Cleasby, Maria Karlsson, Nancy Ockendon, Duncan Gillespie and Simon Griffith for field data collection, and Sophy Allen for molecular work. This work was funded by the grant NE/F006071/1 from NERC to TB, and SN was supported by a Humbolt Fellowship.	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Evol. Biol.	JAN	2012	25	1					149	156		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02412.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	861IX	WOS:000298013700013	22082138	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Leuzinger, S; Willis, BL; Anthony, KRN				Leuzinger, Sebastian; Willis, Bette L.; Anthony, Kenneth R. N.			Energy allocation in a reef coral under varying resource availability	MARINE BIOLOGY			English	Article							LIGHT-SATURATION CURVES; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; TRADE-OFFS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; HERMATYPIC CORALS; BUILDING CORALS; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLASTICITY	An organism's pattern of resource allocation to reproduction and growth over time critically impacts on its lifetime reproductive success. During times of low resource availability, there are two fundamental, mutually exclusive strategies of energy investment: maintenance of somatic tissues to support survival and later reproduction or investment into an immediate reproductive event at the risk of subsequent death. Here, we examine energy allocation patterns in the coral Montipora digitata to determine whether energy investment during periods of resource shortage favours growth or reproduction in a sessile, modular marine species. We manipulated light regimes (two levels of shading) on plots within a shallow reef flat habitat (Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and quantified energy uptake (rates of net photosynthesis), energy investment into reproduction (E(R)), tissue growth per unit surface area (E(T)) and energy channelled into calcification (E(C)). With declining resource availability (i.e. reduced photosynthesis), relative energy investment shifted from high (similar to 80%) allocation to tissue growth (E(R): E(T): E(C) = 11: 81:8%) to an increasing proportion channelled into reproduction and skeletal growth (20: 31:49%). At the lowest light regime, calcification was maintained but reproduction was halted and thus energy content per unit surface area of tissue declined, although no mortality was observed. The changing hierarchy in energy allocation among life functions with increasing resource limitation found here for an autotrophic coral, culminating in cessation of reproduction when limitations are severe, stands in contrast to observations from annual plants. However, the strategy may be optimal for maximising fitness components (growth, reproduction and survival) through time in marine modular animals.	[Leuzinger, Sebastian] ETH, Inst Terr Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Sch Trop & Marine Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; [Anthony, Kenneth R. N.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia	Leuzinger, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Terr Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.	Sebastian.Leuzinger@env.ethz.ch	Leuzinger, Sebastian/C-1330-2011; Anthony, Kenneth/G-4299-2011	Anthony, Kenneth/0000-0002-2383-2729	Australian Research Council [A00105071, A 19933007]; CRC	We are grateful to Noel Nevers, Sarah Dalesman and Vincent Riviere for assistance in the field and to the staff of Orpheus Island Research Station. The research was supported by grants from the Australian Research Council to K.R.N.A. (A00105071) and to BLW (A 19933007) and a CRC Reef Research Award to S.L.	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J	Stevens, VM; Trochet, A; Van Dyck, H; Clobert, J; Baguette, M				Stevens, Virginie M.; Trochet, Audrey; Van Dyck, Hans; Clobert, Jean; Baguette, Michel			How is dispersal integrated in life histories: a quantitative analysis using butterflies	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Review						behaviours; dispersal; evolutionary constraints; global change; habitat fragmentation; life-history evolution; metapopulation dynamics; migration; morphology; phylogeny	POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; BODY-SIZE; STRUCTURED METAPOPULATIONS; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHIC TACTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE	As dispersal plays a key role in gene flow among populations, its evolutionary dynamics under environmental changes is particularly important. The inter-dependency of dispersal with other life history traits may constrain dispersal evolution, and lead to the indirect selection of other traits as a by-product of this inter-dependency. Identifying the dispersals relationships to other life-history traits will help to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of dispersal, and the consequences for species persistence and ecosystem functioning under global changes. Dispersal may be linked to other life-history traits as their respective evolutionary dynamics may be inter-dependent, or, because they are mechanistically related to each other. We identify traits that are predicted to co-vary with dispersal, and investigated the correlations that may constrain dispersal using published information on butterflies. Our quantitative analysis revealed that (1) dispersal directly correlated with demographic traits, mostly fecundity, whereas phylogenetic relationships among species had a negligible influence on this pattern, (2) gene flow and individual movements are correlated with ecological specialisation and body size, respectively and (3) routine movements only affected short-distance dispersal. Together, these results provide important insights into evolutionary dynamics under global environmental changes, and are directly applicable to biodiversity conservation.	[Stevens, Virginie M.] Univ Liege, FRS FNRS, B-4020 Liege, Belgium; [Stevens, Virginie M.; Trochet, Audrey; Clobert, Jean; Baguette, Michel] CNRS, Stn Ecol Expt, USR 2936, F-09200 Moulis, France; [Van Dyck, Hans] Catholic Univ Louvain, Earth & Life Inst, Biodivers Res Ctr, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium; [Baguette, Michel] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Ecol & Gest Biodiversite, F-75005 Paris, France	Stevens, VM (reprint author), Univ Liege, FRS FNRS, 22 Quai Van Beneden, B-4020 Liege, Belgium.	stevens@dr14.cnrs.fr			ARC [ARC 10/15-031]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through the EU; EU	We warmly thank Sandrine Pavoine and Simon Blanchet for their priceless help with PGLS, Camille Turlure, Sofie Vandewoestijne, Benjamin Bergerot and Jan Christian Habel for access to unpublished data, Zdenek Fric for providing the butterfly phylogeny, and Radika Michniewicz for improving the language. VMS benefitted from a postdoctoral fellow of the F.R.S.-FNRS. HVD was supported by an ARC-research grant (no. ARC 10/15-031). MB and JC acknowledged supports from the project TenLamas funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through the EU FP6 BiodivERsA Eranet, from the EU FP7 SCALES project ('Securing the conservations of biodiversity across Administrative levels and spatial, temporal and Ecological Scales'; project no. 226852) and from projects funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche : DIAME (open call, 2007) and MOBIGEN (6th extinction call, 2009).	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J	Le Lann, C; Visser, B; van Baaren, J; van Alphen, JJM; Ellers, J				Le Lann, Cecile; Visser, Bertanne; van Baaren, Joan; van Alphen, Jacques J. M.; Ellers, Jacintha			Comparing resource exploitation and allocation of two closely related aphid parasitoids sharing the same host	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Aphidius avenae; Aphidius rhopalosiphi; Coexistence; Community; Guild; Life history; Lipids; Metabolism; Reproduction; Survival	HYPERPARASITOIDS LYSIBIA-NANA; GELIS-AGILIS HYMENOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EGG-PRODUCTION; VENTURIA-CANESCENS; BODY-SIZE; INSECT PARASITOIDS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; ASOBARA-TABIDA; WASP	Species belonging to the same guild (i.e. sharing the same resources) can reduce the negative effects of resource competition through niche partitioning. Coexisting species may differ in their resource exploitation and in the associated allocation of nutrients, depending on their resource niche. Trade-offs in nutrient allocation, such as between reproduction and survival, or between early and late reproduction, are moderated by the abundance and distribution of resources. In this study we investigate differences in larval resource exploitation and adult reproductive strategy of two sympatric aphid parasitoids sharing a common host. The habitat specialist Aphidius rhopalosiphi and the generalist Aphidius avenae occur in cereal crops of Western Europe, where both species attack the major host resource: the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. For this purpose, we measured their acquisition of capital lipid resources, their age-specific fecundity and reproductive effort, their life span and their metabolic rate. We found that these species do not differ neither in larval lipid accumulation nor in the number of eggs at emergence and the timing of egg production, but diverge in other adult reproductive strategies. The rate of adult egg production was higher in A. rhopalosiphi than A. avenae, but at the expense of producing smaller eggs. Throughout adult life, reproductive effort was higher in A. avenae, perhaps facilitated by its higher metabolic rate than A. rhopalosiphi. The divergence between species in life history syndromes likely reflects their adaptations to their resource niche. A high egg production probably allows the specialist A. rhopalosiphi to exploit more S. avenae individuals in cereal crops, while the generalist A. avenae because of its variety of hosts, maximizes the investment per egg but at the expense of a lower lifespan. Our results suggest that differential resource allocation may be a more common pattern that promotes coexistence of species within a guild.	[Le Lann, Cecile; van Baaren, Joan; van Alphen, Jacques J. M.] Univ Rennes 1, Unite Mixte Rech CNRS 6553, ECOBIO, F-35042 Rennes, France; [Le Lann, Cecile; Visser, Bertanne; Ellers, Jacintha] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Le Lann, C (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Unite Mixte Rech CNRS 6553, ECOBIO, F-35042 Rennes, France.	c.lelann@vu.nl	Ellers, Jacintha/K-5823-2012; Visser, Bertanne/J-9796-2012; Le Lann, Cecile/C-1005-2013	Ellers, Jacintha/0000-0003-2665-1971; Le Lann, Cecile/0000-0003-4719-3228; Visser, Bertanne/0000-0003-4465-6020	Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; Rennes Metropole; COMPAREVOL program (Marie Curie Excellence Chair); Region Bretagne; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) ALW [816.01.013]	Acknowledgments All of the experiments conducted in this study comply with French and Dutch legal code requirements. We thank Nicolas Chazot for technical assistance with egg size measurements. We are grateful to the people of UMR INRA ESE 'Ecologie et Sante des Ecosystemes', for hosting us for some experiments and especially to Marc Roucaute and Dominique Huteau for providing access and help with the ultra-precision balance. This research was supported by a grant to C. L. L. from the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche and a travel and research grant from Rennes Metropole, by the COMPAREVOL program (Marie Curie Excellence Chair, http://comparevol.univ-rennes1.fr/) and by the ECOCLIM program founded by the Region Bretagne. B. V. was funded by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) ALW Grant 816.01.013.	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Ecol.	JAN	2012	26	1					79	94		10.1007/s10682-011-9498-2				16	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	862PN	WOS:000298105900007		Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Willisch, CS; Biebach, I; Koller, U; Bucher, T; Marreros, N; Ryser-Degiorgis, MP; Keller, LF; Neuhaus, P				Willisch, Christian S.; Biebach, Iris; Koller, Ursina; Bucher, Thomas; Marreros, Nelson; Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre; Keller, Lukas F.; Neuhaus, Peter			Male reproductive pattern in a polygynous ungulate with a slow life-history: the role of age, social status and alternative mating tactics	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Growth; Life-history; Polygynous ungulate; Reproduction; Survival	SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MALE FALLOW DEER; MALE ALPINE IBEX; BUCKS DAMA-DAMA; CAPRA-IBEX; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; TERRITORIAL UNGULATE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BREEDING SUCCESS	According to life-history theory age-dependent investments into reproduction are thought to co-vary with survival and growth of animals. In polygynous species, in which size is an important determinant of reproductive success, male reproduction via alternative mating tactics at young age are consequently expected to be the less frequent in species with higher survival. We tested this hypothesis in male Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), a highly sexually dimorphic mountain ungulate whose males have been reported to exhibit extremely high adult survival rates. Using data from two offspring cohorts in a population in the Swiss Alps, the effects of age, dominance and mating tactic on the likelihood of paternity were inferred within a Bayesian framework. In accordance with our hypothesis, reproductive success in male Alpine ibex was heavily biased towards older, dominant males that monopolized access to receptive females by adopting the 'tending' tactic, while success among young, subordinate males via the sneaking tactic 'coursing' was in general low and rare. In addition, we detected a high reproductive skew in male Alpine ibex, suggesting a large opportunity for selection. Compared with other ungulates with higher mortality rates, reproduction among young male Alpine ibex was much lower and more sporadic. Consistent with that, further examinations on the species level indicated that in polygynous ungulates the significance of early reproduction appears to decrease with increasing survival. Overall, this study supports the theory that survival prospects of males modulate the investments into reproduction via alternative mating tactics early in life. In the case of male Alpine ibex, the results indicate that their life-history strategy targets for long life, slow and prolonged growth and late reproduction.	[Willisch, Christian S.; Biebach, Iris; Koller, Ursina; Bucher, Thomas; Keller, Lukas F.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Willisch, Christian S.; Neuhaus, Peter] Univ Neuchatel, Dept Ecoethol, Inst Biol, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland; [Marreros, Nelson; Ryser-Degiorgis, Marie-Pierre] Univ Bern, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, Vetsuisse Fac, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland; [Neuhaus, Peter] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada	Willisch, CS (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.	willichristian@yahoo.com		Marreros, Nelson/0000-0001-6802-4912	Federal Office of the Environment (FOEN)	We thank J-C Roch, as well as K. Bieri Willisch, P. Decristophoris, P. Deleury, I. Glanzmann, N. Grandjean, C. Hebeisen, B. Hofer, I. Leathwood, H. Nimmervoll, B. Nussberger, L. Senn, C. Wittker, and numerous volunteers for their help with the captures, data collection and laboratory work. We are grateful to J. Hadfield, E. Postma and P. Wandeler for their assistance with genetic and statistical analyses. We thank R. Bshary, A. McElligott and M. Taborsky for comments and discussions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The paper benefited greatly from the comments by two anonymous referees and J. A. Endler. Many thanks go to the authorities of the Canton Vaud who made this study in the population 'Cape au Moine' (VD) possible. Financial support by the Federal Office of the Environment (FOEN) is gratefully acknowledged.	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Ecol.	JAN	2012	26	1					187	206		10.1007/s10682-011-9486-6				20	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	862PN	WOS:000298105900014					2019-02-21	
J	Nebel, S; Bauchinger, U; Buehler, DM; Langlois, LA; Boyles, M; Gerson, AR; Price, ER; McWilliams, SR; Guglielmo, CG				Nebel, Silke; Bauchinger, Ulf; Buehler, Deborah M.; Langlois, Lillie A.; Boyles, Michelle; Gerson, Alexander R.; Price, Edwin R.; McWilliams, Scott R.; Guglielmo, Christopher G.			Constitutive immune function in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, is decreased immediately after an endurance flight in a wind tunnel	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						constitutive immune function; European starlings; Sturnus vulgaris; life-history trade-off; migratory flight; wind tunnel	PHYSIOLOGICAL TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LIFE-HISTORY; ANTIBODY RESPONSIVENESS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; PIED FLYCATCHERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS	Life-history theory predicts that animals face a trade-off in energy allocation between performing strenuous exercise, such as migratory flight, and mounting an immune response. We experimentally tested this prediction by studying immune function in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, flown in a wind tunnel. Specifically, we predicted that constitutive immune function decreases in response to training and, additionally, in response to immediate exercise. We compared constitutive immune function among three groups: (1). 'untrained' birds that were kept in cages and were not flown; (2). 'trained' birds that received flight training over a 15 day period and performed a 1-4 h continuous flight, after which they rested for 48 h before being sampled; and (3). 'post-flight' birds that differed from the. 'trained' group only in being sampled immediately after the final flight. A bird in our trained group represents an individual during migration that has been resting between migratory flights for at least 2 days. A bird in our post-flight group represents an individual that has just completed a migratory flight and has not yet had time to recover. Three of our four indicators (haptoglobin, agglutination and lysis) showed the predicted decrease in immune function in the post-flight group, and two indicators (haptoglobin, agglutination) showed the predicted decreasing trend from the untrained to trained to post-flight group. Haptoglobin levels were negatively correlated with flight duration. No effect of training or flight was detected on leukocyte profiles. Our results suggest that in European starlings, constitutive immune function is decreased more as a result of immediate exercise than of exercise training. Because of the recent emergence of avian-borne diseases, understanding the trade-offs and challenges faced by long-distance migrants has gained a new level of relevance and urgency.	[Nebel, Silke; Gerson, Alexander R.; Price, Edwin R.; Guglielmo, Christopher G.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, Adv Facil Avian Res, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [Bauchinger, Ulf; Langlois, Lillie A.; Boyles, Michelle; McWilliams, Scott R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA; [Buehler, Deborah M.] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada; [Buehler, Deborah M.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada	Nebel, S (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, Adv Facil Avian Res, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.	snebel2@uwo.ca	Gerson, Alexander/E-3313-2010; Price, Edwin/E-3080-2010; Nebel, Silke/D-4993-2009; McWilliams, Scott/B-8728-2013	Price, Edwin/0000-0001-6042-7020; McWilliams, Scott/0000-0002-9727-1151; Buehler, Deborah/0000-0003-3669-6364	US National Science Foundation [IOS-0748349]; United States Department of Agriculture [RIAES-538748]; University of Rhode Island; Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [NSERC] [311901-2005]; Canada Foundation for Innovation [11826]; Ontario Research Fund [11743]; University of Western Ontario [SG10-18]; Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [PDF-373488-2009]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [NWO] [Rubicon 825.09.0190]	Funding was provided to S.R.M. by the US National Science Foundation [grant no. IOS-0748349], the United States Department of Agriculture [grant no. RIAES-538748] and the University of Rhode Island, and to C.G.G. by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [NSERC Discovery Grant; 311901-2005 RGPIN], the Canada Foundation for Innovation [grant no. 11826], the Ontario Research Fund [grant no. 11743], and the University of Western Ontario Academic Development Fund [grant no. SG10-18]. D. M. B. was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada [NSERC grant no. PDF-373488-2009] and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [NWO; Rubicon 825.09.0190].	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H., 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL; Zuur A., 2009, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6	80	32	32	0	46	COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD	CAMBRIDGE	BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND	0022-0949			J EXP BIOL	J. Exp. Biol.	JAN	2012	215	2					272	278		10.1242/jeb.057885				7	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	866TA	WOS:000298404800014	22189771	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Jarvis, JC; Moore, KA; Kenworthy, WJ				Jarvis, Jessie C.; Moore, Kenneth A.; Kenworthy, W. Judson			Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species' southern limit in the western North Atlantic	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Zostera marina; Life-history; Annual; Perennial; Seed bank; Biomass	ZOSTERA-MARINA L; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; AQUATIC PLANT; SEED; SEAGRASSES; PHENOLOGY; L.; RECOLONIZATION	Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations located near the species southern limit in the western North Atlantic were assessed monthly from July 2007 through November 2008. We identified (1) dominant life history strategies and local environmental conditions in southern Z. marina populations, (2) quantified differences in reproductive phenology between populations and different local environmental conditions, and (3) compared reproductive strategies to established annual and perennial life history paradigms. Observed populations expressed both life history strategies with one Z. marina population completely losing aboveground biomass and reestablishing from seeds (annual model) while another population retained aboveground biomass throughout the year (perennial model). A third life history strategy, characterized here as a mixed-annual population, was also observed after some seedlings were found to reproduce both sexually and asexually during their first year of growth thereby not conforming to any currently established life history paradigm. Development of multiple life history strategies within this region may be in response to stressful summer water temperatures associated with the southern edge of the species' range. We suggest that neither annual nor perennial life history strategies always provide a superior mechanism for population persistence as perennial populations can be susceptible to multiple consecutive years of stress, and annual populations are unable to fully exploit available resources throughout much of the year. The mixed-annual strategy observed here represents another possible life history model which may provide the mechanism necessary for Z. marina populations to persist during times of environmental transition.	[Jarvis, Jessie C.; Moore, Kenneth A.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA; [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA	Jarvis, JC (reprint author), Richard Stockton Coll New Jersey, Galloway, NJ 08205 USA.	jessie.jarvis@stockton.edu	Jarvis, Jessie/M-5929-2013	Jarvis, Jessie/0000-0001-8467-0287	National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Virginia Institute of Marine Science; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research	The authors would like to thank the National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Graduate Research Assistantship Program for funding. Field and laboratory support was provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research. We would also like to thank Erin Shields, Brittany Haywood, Giuseppe Di Carlo, Brooke Landry, and Brandon Jarvis for field and laboratory assistance. 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J	McDougald, D; Rice, SA; Barraud, N; Steinberg, PD; Kjelleberg, S				McDougald, Diane; Rice, Scott A.; Barraud, Nicolas; Steinberg, Peter D.; Kjelleberg, Staffan			Should we stay or should we go: mechanisms and ecological consequences for biofilm dispersal	NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY			English	Review							PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-EPIDERMIDIS BIOFILMS; STARVATION-INDUCED DISPERSION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL-DEATH	In most environments, bacteria reside primarily in biofilms, which are social consortia of cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and undergo developmental programmes resulting in a predictable biofilm 'life cycle'. Recent research on many different bacterial species has now shown that the final stage in this life cycle includes the production and release of differentiated dispersal cells. The formation of these cells and their eventual dispersal is initiated through diverse and remarkably sophisticated mechanisms, suggesting that there are strong evolutionary pressures for dispersal from an otherwise largely sessile biofilm. The evolutionary aspect of biofilm dispersal is now being explored through the integration of molecular microbiology with eukaryotic ecological and evolutionary theory, which provides a broad conceptual framework for the diversity of specific mechanisms underlying biofilm dispersal. Here, we review recent progress in this emerging field and suggest that the merging of detailed molecular mechanisms with ecological theory will significantly advance our understanding of biofilm biology and ecology.	[McDougald, Diane; Rice, Scott A.; Barraud, Nicolas; Steinberg, Peter D.; Kjelleberg, Staffan] Univ New S Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [McDougald, Diane; Rice, Scott A.; Barraud, Nicolas; Steinberg, Peter D.; Kjelleberg, Staffan] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [McDougald, Diane; Rice, Scott A.; Steinberg, Peter D.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Adv Environm Biotechnol Ctr, Singapore 639798, Singapore; [McDougald, Diane; Steinberg, Peter D.] Sydney Inst Marine Sci, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia; [Steinberg, Peter D.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [Kjelleberg, Staffan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore	Kjelleberg, S (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.	s.kjelleberg@unsw.edu.au	McDougald, Diane/B-5564-2009; Rice, Scott/A-6084-2019; Kjelleberg, Staffan/C-9229-2015; Barraud, Nicolas/D-1569-2010; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016	McDougald, Diane/0000-0001-5827-8441; Rice, Scott/0000-0002-9486-2343; Kjelleberg, Staffan/0000-0003-4271-6413; Barraud, Nicolas/0000-0002-1807-7765; Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863	Australian Research Council; Environmental Biotechnology Cooperative Research Centre; National Health and Medical Research Council	The authors acknowledge S. Longford for help with the figures and the Australian Research Council, Environmental Biotechnology Cooperative Research Centre and National Health and Medical Research Council for ongoing and long term support of this research. This is publication number 0058 of the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Australia.	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Rev. Microbiol.	JAN	2012	10	1					39	50		10.1038/nrmicro2695				12	Microbiology	Microbiology	865RK	WOS:000298327800012	22120588				2019-02-21	
J	Dunkel, CS; Kim, JK; Papini, DR				Dunkel, Curtis S.; Kim, Jwa K.; Papini, Dennis R.			The General Factor of Psychosocial Development and its relation to the General Factor of Personality and Life History strategy	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Psychosocial development; Life History theory; General Factor of Personality	HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; K-FACTOR; IDENTITY CONSOLIDATION; BIG 5; INVENTORY; GENERATIVITY; COVITALITY; VALIDITY; HEALTH	It was hypothesized that the eight Erilcsonian psychosocial stages form a single latent variable or General Factor of Psychosocial Development (GFPD) and that this latent factor is associated with the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and Life History (LH) strategy to the extent that the variables form a higher order Super-K factor. Correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analyses each supported the hypothesized GFPD. Additionally, correlational and confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesis that the three variables form a single Super-K factor. The results of Study 3 suggest that the relationship between the psychosocial stages and between the GFPD. GFP, and LH strategy remained after controlling for social desirable response biases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Kim, Jwa K.; Papini, Dennis R.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	c-dunkel@wiu.edu					AMOS, 2009, AMOS VERS 18 COMP SO; Anusic I, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V97, P1142, DOI 10.1037/a0017159; Ashton MC, 2009, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V13, P79, DOI 10.1177/1088868309338467; Backstrom M, 2007, EUR J PSYCHOL ASSESS, V23, P63, DOI 10.1027/1015-5759.23.2.63; Backstrom M, 2009, J RES PERS, V43, P335, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.013; Byrne B. M., 2010, STRUCTURAL EQUATION; Digman JM, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P1246, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1246; Dunkel CS, 2011, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V51, P34, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.005; Dunkel CS, 2010, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V8, P492; Dunkel CS, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P681, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.014; Dunkel CS, 2009, REV GEN PSYCHOL, V13, P13, DOI 10.1037/a0013687; Erdle S, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P762, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.025; Erikson E.H., 1968, IDENTITY YOUTH CRISI; Erikson E. H., 1950, CHILDHOOD SOC; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Figueredo AJ, 2009, TWIN RES HUM GENET, V12, P555, DOI 10.1375/twin.12.6.555; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; Hawley G. A, 1988, MEASURES PSYCHOSOCIA; John O. P, 2008, HDB PERSONALITY THEO, P114, DOI DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530; Markstrom CA, 1997, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V26, P705, DOI 10.1023/A:1022348709532; MCADAMS DP, 1992, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V62, P1003, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.62.6.1003; McCrae RR, 2008, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V95, P442, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.442; Musek J, 2007, J RES PERS, V41, P1213, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.02.003; OCHSE R, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P1240, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1240; PIANKA ER, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P592, DOI 10.1086/282697; PROMISLOW DEL, 1991, ACTA OECOL, V12, P119; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; REYNOLDS WM, 1982, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V38, P119, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>3.0.CO;2-I; ROSENTHAL DA, 1981, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V10, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF02087944; Rushton J. P., 2011, WILEY BLACKWELL HDB, P134; Rushton JP, 2010, TWIN RES HUM GENET, V13, P131, DOI 10.1375/twin.13.2.131; Rushton JP, 2009, TWIN RES HUM GENET, V12, P356, DOI 10.1375/twin.12.4.356; SAUCIER G, 1994, J PERS ASSESS, V63, P506, DOI 10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_8; Schwartz SJ, 2010, AM J HEALTH BEHAV, V34, P214; Schwartz SJ, 2007, IDENTITY, V7, P27, DOI 10.1080/15283480701319583; van der Linden D, 2010, J RES PERS, V44, P669, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.08.007; van der Linden D, 2010, J RES PERS, V44, P315, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.03.003	40	12	12	0	10	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	JAN	2012	52	2					202	206		10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.016				5	Psychology, Social	Psychology	868KT	WOS:000298522900017					2019-02-21	
J	Schimel, JP; Schaeffer, SM				Schimel, Joshua P.; Schaeffer, Sean M.			Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil	FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY			English	Review						microbial communities; carbon; diversity; litter; roots; soil		A major thrust of terrestrial microbial ecology is focused on understanding when and how the composition of the microbial community affects the functioning of biogeochemical processes at the ecosystem scale (meters-to-kilometers and days-to-years). While research has demonstrated these linkages for physiologically and phylogenetically "narrow" processes such as trace gas emissions and nitrification, there is less conclusive evidence that microbial community composition influences the "broad" processes of decomposition and organic matter (OM) turnover in soil. In this paper, we consider how soil microbial community structure influences C cycling. We consider the phylogenetic level at which microbes form meaningful guilds, based on overall life history strategies, and suggest that these are associated with deep evolutionary divergences, while much of the species-level diversity probably reflects functional redundancy. We then consider under what conditions it is possible for differences among microbes to affect process dynamics, and argue that while microbial community structure may be important in the rate of OM breakdown in the rhizosphere and in detritus, it is likely not important in the mineral soil. In mineral soil, physical access to occluded or sorbed substrates is the rate-limiting process. Microbial community influences on OM turnover in mineral soils are based on how organisms allocate the C they take up not only do the fates of the molecules differ, but they can affect the soil system differently as well. For example, extracellular enzymes and extracellular polysaccharides can be key controls on soil structure and function. How microbes allocate C may also be particularly important for understanding the long-term fate of C in soil is it sequestered or not?	[Schimel, Joshua P.; Schaeffer, Sean M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolution & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Schimel, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolution & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	schimel@lifesci.ucsb.edu	Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012	Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952	U.S. National Science Foundation Ecosystem Science Program [DEB-0444712; DEB-1145875]	We thank Dr, Patricia Holden for contributing to the thinking that led to this paper, and to three reviewers who offered valuable criticism and suggestion that substantially improved this paper. We thank the U.S. National Science Foundation Ecosystem Science Program for supporting this effort, both through grants from the Ecosystem Science Program (DEB-0444712; DEB-1145875) and for supporting the Enzymes in the Environment Research Coordination Network, which supported the workshop "Incorporating Enzymes and Microbial Physiology into Biogeochemical Models" in Ft. Collins Co in May 2012; participants at the workshop offered valuable insights.	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J	Marini, MA; Borges, FJA; Lopes, LE; Sousa, NOM; Grassler, DT; Santos, LR; Paiva, LV; Duca, C; Manica, LT; Rodrigues, SS; Franca, LF; Costa, PM; Franca, LC; Heming, NM; Silveira, MB; Pereira, ZP; Lobo, Y; Medeiros, RCS; Roper, JJ				Marini, Miguel A.; Borges, Fabio J. A.; Lopes, Leonardo E.; Sousa, Nadinni O. M.; Grassler, Daniel T.; Santos, Luane R.; Paiva, Luciana V.; Duca, Charles; Manica, Lilian T.; Rodrigues, Sheila S.; Franca, Leonardo F.; Costa, Priscila M.; Franca, Letice C.; Heming, Neander M.; Silveira, Mariana B.; Pereira, Zelia P.; Lobo, Yonara; Medeiros, Rita C. S.; Roper, James J.			BREEDING BIOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE CERRADO OF CENTRAL BRAZIL	ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL			English	Article						Eggs; nests; reproduction; savanna; Central Brazil		We report the nesting biology of birds in the Cerrado (savanna, both natural and anthropic) of the Federal District of central Brazil, with emphasis on nests, eggs, nesting periods, brood patches, reproductive behavior and period of nesting activity. With 196 nests of 42 species found from 2002 through 2009, we found that most species nested from September to November/December, at the onset of the rainy season, with extensive overlap among species. Contrary to expected for a tropical region, the breeding season period of most species was brief, and lasted 3-4 months. As expected for a tropical region, most species laid two eggs, but clutch sizes reached a maximum of six eggs in a few species. The strong seasonality of the Cerrado, with a rainy season of 7-8 months, is apparently the most important factor that limits breeding and other activities (ex. molt) in this region. Few studies like this are available for the Neotropical region, yet they are fundamental and are still needed and useful for the development of life history theory. Therefore, we recommend that breeding biology receives much more emphasis in future research than to date. Accepted 27 September 2012.	[Marini, Miguel A.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; [Borges, Fabio J. A.; Grassler, Daniel T.; Santos, Luane R.; Paiva, Luciana V.; Duca, Charles; Manica, Lilian T.; Franca, Leonardo F.; Costa, Priscila M.; Franca, Letice C.; Heming, Neander M.; Silveira, Mariana B.; Pereira, Zelia P.; Lobo, Yonara] Univ Brasilia, Programa Posgrad Ecol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; [Lopes, Leonardo E.; Sousa, Nadinni O. M.; Rodrigues, Sheila S.; Medeiros, Rita C. S.] Univ Brasilia, Programa Posgrad Biol Anim, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil	Marini, MA (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Zool, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.	marini@unb.br	Roper, James/H-7986-2012; Duca, Charles/I-2993-2015	Roper, James/0000-0002-2947-5136; Duca, Charles/0000-0003-3903-8260; Heming, Neander/0000-0003-2461-5045	CNPq; CAPES; FAP-DF; Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ecologia; Programa de Pos-graduacao em Biologia Animal (UnB); FINATEC; FUNPAR; Neotropical Grassland Conservancy	We thank CNPq for the Productivity scholarship for MAM, and to CNPq and CAPES for the many authors that had a students scholarship. The research project that led to this work was funded by CNPq, FAP-DF, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ecologia, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Biologia Animal (UnB), FINATEC, FUNPAR, and Neotropical Grassland Conservancy. 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NEOTROP.		2012	23	3					385	405						21	Ornithology	Zoology	V40HI	WOS:000209469300008					2019-02-21	
S	Banks, JE; Ackleh, A; Stark, JD		Kojima, F; Kobayashi, F; Nakamoto, H		Banks, John E.; Ackleh, Azmy; Stark, John D.			Population models & data in applied ecology: Surrogate species	SIMULATION AND MODELING RELATED TO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY	Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics		English	Proceedings Paper	International Workshop on Simulation and Modeling related to Computational Science and Robotics Technology (SiMCRT)	NOV 01-03, 2011	Kobe Univ, Kobe, JAPAN	AF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp R & D, U S Army Rdecom	Kobe Univ	Parasitoid; salmonid; Leslie matrix model	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GROWTH-RATE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXTRAPOLATION; TEPHRITIDAE; PARASITOIDS; SENSITIVITY; TOXICITY; DIPTERA	The use of surrogate species is a tool commonly used to predict the effects of toxicants on endangered/threatened or economically important species. While use of surrogate species has been critized as being overly simplistic, a quantitative measure linking life history traits and population predictions has been sorely missing. We derive here a closed-form expression aimed at determining conditions under which sublethal effects of a toxicant on surrogate species population outcomes will reliably predict responses of species of concern. We derive a simple inequality that allows us to compare critical thresholds in fecundity reduction across species and thereby pinpoint the level below which surrogate species outcomes indicate a positive population growth, while the listed species actually is driven to extinction. We thus establish a means of determining conditions under which we might be prone to making a "type II" error in assessing ecological risk using surrogate species. Finally, we use the derived expression to illustrate two cases studies - one in which we are using several fish species as surrogates for endangered salmonids, and the second in which we are comparing the compatibility of a suite of parasitoid wasps with pesticide use. In both cases we highlight potential pitfalls associated with the use of a "one-size-fits-all" approach to protection of species. We discuss the ramifications of these findings on risk assessment and resource management.	[Banks, John E.] Univ Washington, Environm Sci Program Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, 1900 Commerce St, Tacoma, WA 98195 USA; [Ackleh, Azmy] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA; [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA	Banks, JE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Environm Sci Program Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, 1900 Commerce St, Tacoma, WA 98195 USA.	banksj@uw.edu					Ankley GT, 2006, AQUAT TOXICOL, V78, P91, DOI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.018; Banks J.E., 1998, INTEGR BIOL, V5, P1, DOI DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5; Banks JE, 2011, BIOL CONTROL, V59, P336, DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.09.005; Banks JE, 2010, RISK ANAL, V30, P175, DOI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01349.x; Billoir E, 2007, ECOL MODEL, V203, P204, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.11.021; Buckler DR, 2005, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V49, P546, DOI 10.1007/s00244-004-0151-8; Carmo EL, 2010, BIOCONTROL, V55, P455, DOI 10.1007/s10526-010-9269-y; Casas J, 2000, PARASITOID POPULATION BIOLOGY, P17; Caswell H., 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Chapman PM, 1998, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V17, P99, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<0099:ACEOSU>2.3.CO;2; COSTELLO MJ, 1995, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V52, P187, DOI 10.1016/0167-8809(94)00535-M; Cushing J. M., 1998, ENV SCI TECHNOLOGY, V71; Duan JJ, 1997, BIOL CONTROL, V8, P177, DOI 10.1006/bcon.1997.0503; Dyer SD, 2008, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V42, P3076, DOI 10.1021/es702302e; Fairchild JE, 2008, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V27, P623, DOI 10.1897/07-342.1; Forbes VE, 2008, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V27, P1987, DOI 10.1897/08-029.1; Forbes VE, 2002, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V357, P1299, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1129; Godfray HCJ, 1994, PARASITOIDS BEHAV EV; Jepsen SJ, 2007, BIOCONTROL, V52, P721, DOI 10.1007/s10526-006-9058-9; Leslie PH, 1945, BIOMETRIKA, V33, P184, DOI 10.1093/biomet/33.3.183; Lopes C, 2005, ECOL MODEL, V188, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.05.004; Mohamed S. A., 2008, J APPL ENTOMOLOGY, V132; MURDOCH WW, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P271, DOI 10.2307/1939533; Nowak JT, 2001, J ECON ENTOMOL, V94, P1122, DOI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.5.1122; Spromberg JA, 2005, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V24, P1532, DOI 10.1897/04-160.1; Stark JD, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P732, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0304903101; Stark JD, 2003, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V48, P505, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112621; Stark JD, 2007, J ECON ENTOMOL, V100, P1027, DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1027:IERMOP]2.0.CO;2; THEILING KM, 1988, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V21, P191, DOI 10.1016/0167-8809(88)90088-6; Vargas RI, 2001, J ECON ENTOMOL, V94, P817, DOI 10.1603/0022-0493-94.4.817	30	0	0	0	1	IOS PRESS	AMSTERDAM	NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	1383-7281		978-1-61499-092-5; 978-1-61499-091-8	STUD APPL ELECTROMAG			2012	37						34	43		10.3233/978-1-61499-092-5-34				10	Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics	Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics	BG9CO	WOS:000393056500003					2019-02-21	
J	Scelza, BA				Scelza, Brooke A.			Female choice and extra-pair paternity in a traditional human population	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						extra-pair paternity; female choice; Himba; Namibia; life-history theory	PARTIBLE PATERNITY; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; HISTORY	Seeking out extra-pair paternity (EPP) is a viable reproductive strategy for females in many pair-bonded species. Across human societies, women commonly engage in extra-marital affairs, suggesting this strategy may also be an important part of women's reproductive decision-making. Here, I show that among the Himba 17 per cent of all recorded marital births are attributed by women to EPP, and EPP is associated with significant increases in women's reproductive success. In contrast, there are no cases of EPP among children born into 'love match' marriages. This rate of EPP is higher than has been recorded in any other small-scale society. These results illustrate the importance of seeking EPP as a mechanism of female choice in humans, while simultaneously showing it to be highly variable and context-dependent.	Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA	Scelza, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, 341 Haines Hall,POB 951553, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.	bscelza@gmail.com			UCLA Centre for the Study of Women; UCLA	This research was funded by the UCLA Centre for the Study of Women and a UCLA Faculty Research Grant. Joan Silk and Eric Smith provided helpful comments on the manuscript. My research assistant Kemuu Jakurama was indispensable. Finally, I would like to thank the Himba for their hospitality, good humour and friendship.	Anderson KG, 2006, CURR ANTHROPOL, V47, P513, DOI 10.1086/504167; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Apostolou M, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P403, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.05.007; Baker R. R., 1995, HUMAN SPERM COMPETIT; BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; Beckerman S, 1998, CURR ANTHROPOL, V39, P164, DOI 10.1086/204706; BETZIG L, 1989, CURR ANTHROPOL, V30, P654, DOI 10.1086/203798; Forstmeier W, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1479, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2039; Goodale JC, 1971, TIWI WIVES STUDY WOM; Greiling H, 2000, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V28, P929, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00151-8; Hill K., 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST ECOLO; Hrdy S. B., 1981, WOMAN NEVER EVOLVED; Hrdy SB, 2000, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V907, P75, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06617.x; KAPLAN H, 1985, CURR ANTHROPOL, V26, P131, DOI 10.1086/203235; Marlowe FW, 2000, BEHAV PROCESS, V51, P45, DOI 10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00118-2; Mulder MB, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P130, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9060-x; NEEL JV, 1975, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V42, P25, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330420105; Petrie M, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P9390, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9390; Shostak M., 1981, NISA LIFE WORDS KUNG; Snyder BF, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P2457, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00212.x; Walker RS, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P19195, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1002598107; Wiessner P, 2009, ORIG HUM BEHAV, V2, P251; Winking J, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P1643, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.0437	23	47	47	0	29	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	DEC 23	2011	7	6					889	891		10.1098/rsbl.2011.0478				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	846IQ	WOS:000296890900028	21733870	Green Published, Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Riesch, R; Plath, M; Schlupp, I				Riesch, Ruediger; Plath, Martin; Schlupp, Ingo			Speciation in caves: experimental evidence that permanent darkness promotes reproductive isolation	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						cave fauna; ecological speciation; life-history evolution; local adaptation; Poecilia mexicana	ADAPTED FISH POPULATIONS; TOXIC HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; POECILIA-MEXICANA; SEXUAL SELECTION; DIFFERENTIATION; ENVIRONMENTS; DIVERGENCE; MIGRANTS	Divergent selection through biotic factors like predation or parasitism can promote reproductive isolation even in the absence of geographical barriers. On the other hand, evidence for a role of adaptation to abiotic factors during ecological speciation in animals is scant. In particular, the role played by perpetual darkness in establishing reproductive isolation in cave animals (troglobites) remains elusive. We focused on two reproductively isolated ecotypes (surface-and cave-dwelling) of the widespread livebearer Poecilia mexicana, and raised offspring of wild-caught females to sexual maturity in a 12-month common-garden experiment. Fish were reared in light or darkness combined with high-or low-food conditions. Females, but not males, of the surface ecotype suffered from almost complete reproductive failure in darkness, especially in the low-food treatment. Furthermore, surface fish suffered from a significantly higher rate of spontaneous, stress-related infection with bacterial columnaris disease. This experimental evidence for strong selection by permanent darkness on non-adapted surface-dwelling animals adds depth to our understanding of the selective forces establishing and maintaining reproductive isolation in cave faunas.	[Riesch, Ruediger; Schlupp, Ingo] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA; [Riesch, Ruediger] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Riesch, Ruediger] N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Plath, Martin] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Ecol & Evolut, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany	Riesch, R (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019 USA.	ruedigerriesch@web.de	Riesch, Rudiger/A-5787-2008; Schlupp, Ingo/C-3913-2012	Riesch, Rudiger/0000-0002-0223-1254; Schlupp, Ingo/0000-0002-2460-5667	National Science Foundation of America [DEB-0743406]	We would like to thank T. Colston and F. J. Gracia de Leon for help in the field, and J. Curtis and A. Makowicz for help during the experiment. D. N. Reznick graciously provided the common-garden protocols upon which this experiment is based. Funding came from the National Science Foundation of America (DEB-0743406).	Bonga SEW, 1997, PHYSIOL REV, V77, P591, DOI 10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.591; CHARNOV E L, 1982; Coyne J. A., 2004, SPECIATION; Culver D.C., 2009, BIOL CAVES OTHER SUB; Dumpala PR, 2010, PROTEOME SCI, V8, DOI 10.1186/1477-5956-8-26; GORDON MS, 1962, COPEIA, P360, DOI DOI 10.2307/1440903; Kohler A, 2011, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V65, P1513, DOI 10.1007/s00265-011-1161-y; LANDE R, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P292, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04817.x; MacColl ADC, 2010, FUNCT ECOL, V24, P847, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01691.x; Nosil P, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1521, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2751; Parzefall J, 2001, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V62, P263, DOI 10.1023/A:1011899817764; Plath M, 2010, BMC EVOL BIOL, V10, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-256; Riesch R, 2011, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V24, P596, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02194.x; Riesch R, 2010, ECOLOGY, V91, P1494, DOI 10.1890/09-1008.1; Rundle HD, 2005, ECOL LETT, V8, P336, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00715.x; Snowberg LK, 2009, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V22, P762, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01699.x; Tobler M, 2009, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V22, P2298, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01844.x; Tobler M, 2009, BIOL LETTERS, V5, P506, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0272; Yoshizawa M, 2010, CURR BIOL, V20, P1631, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.07.017	19	17	17	0	31	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561	1744-957X		BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	DEC 23	2011	7	6					909	912		10.1098/rsbl.2011.0237				4	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	846IQ	WOS:000296890900034	21561964	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Vogeli, M; Laiolo, P; Serrano, D; Tella, JL				Voegeli, Matthias; Laiolo, Paola; Serrano, David; Tella, Jose L.			Predation of experimental nests is linked to local population dynamics in a fragmented bird population	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						habitat fragmentation; nest predation; artificial nest experiment; population viability analysis	ARTIFICIAL NESTS; RATES; BIAS; EXTINCTION; ATTRIBUTES	Artificial nest experiments (ANEs) are widely used to obtain proxies of natural nest predation for testing a variety of hypotheses, from those dealing with variation in life-history strategies to those assessing the effects of habitat fragmentation on the persistence of bird populations. However, their applicability to real-world scenarios has been criticized owing to the many potential biases in comparing predation rates of artificial and natural nests. Here, we aimed to test the validity of estimates of ANEs using a novel approach. We related predation rates on artificial nests to population viability analyses in a songbird metapopulation as a way of predicting the real impact of predation events on the local populations studied. Predation intensity on artificial nests was negatively related to the species' annual population growth rate in small local populations, whereas the viability of large local populations did not seem to be influenced, even by high nest predation rates. The potential of extrapolation from ANEs to real-world scenarios is discussed, as these results suggest that artificial nest predation estimates may predict demographic processes in small structured populations.	[Voegeli, Matthias; Serrano, David; Tella, Jose L.] Estn Biol Donana EBD CSIC, Dept Conservat Biol, Seville 41092, Spain; [Voegeli, Matthias] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Laiolo, Paola] Res Unity Biodivers UO CSIC PA, Oviedo 33071, Spain	Vogeli, M (reprint author), Estn Biol Donana EBD CSIC, Dept Conservat Biol, Seville 41092, Spain.	matthias.voegeli@usask.ca	Laiolo, Paola/B-6566-2014; Serrano, David/B-5352-2013; Vogeli, Matthias/G-1815-2010; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Tella, Jose/I-3707-2015	Laiolo, Paola/0000-0002-2009-6797; Serrano, David/0000-0001-6205-386X; Vogeli, Matthias/0000-0002-3408-0972; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Tella, Jose/0000-0002-3038-7424	CSIC; Junta of Andalucia [RNM1274];  [I3P-CISC/MICINN]	M.V. was supported by pre- and post-doctoral fellowships (I3P-CISC/MICINN), and with P. L. by a PIE project (CSIC). Funds were provided by Excellence Project RNM1274, Junta of Andalucia. We thank G. D. Fairhurst, and three anonymous referees for comments on the article.	CAUGHLEY G, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P215, DOI 10.2307/5542; Cresswell W, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V53, P93, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0281; GREENWOOD JJ, 1996, BASIC TECHNIQUES ECO, P11; HASKELL DG, 1995, CONSERV BIOL, V9, P1316, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051316.x; Laiolo P, 2008, ANIM CONSERV, V11, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00202.x; Laiolo P, 2008, PLOS ONE, V3, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001822; MAJOR RE, 1990, IBIS, V132, P608, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb00285.x; MARTIN TE, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P2196, DOI 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2196; MARTIN TE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P101, DOI 10.2307/2937160; Moore RP, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1562, DOI 10.1890/03-0088; Rangen SA, 2000, AUK, V117, P136, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0136:VAOAOA]2.0.CO;2; Ricklefs R. E., 1969, SMITHSON CONTRIB ZOO, V9, P1, DOI [DOI 10.5479/SI.00810282.9, 10.5479/si.00810282.9]; Rotella JJ, 2000, AUK, V117, P92, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0092:CNSEFO]2.0.CO;2; Saether BE, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P642, DOI 10.2307/177366; SUAREZ F, 2009, ALONDRAS ESPANA PENI; Tella JL, 2005, ORYX, V39, P90, DOI 10.1017/S0030605305000165; Thompson FR, 2004, CONSERV BIOL, V18, P373, DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00167.x; Vogeli M, 2010, BIOL CONSERV, V143, P1057, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.040; Weidinger K, 2001, IBIS, V143, P632, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2001.tb04891.x; Woodroffe R, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P2126, DOI 10.1126/science.280.5372.2126	20	9	9	3	20	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	DEC 23	2011	7	6					954	957		10.1098/rsbl.2011.0241				4	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	846IQ	WOS:000296890900046	21493624	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Pincheira-Donoso, D				Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel			Predictable Variation of Range-Sizes across an Extreme Environmental Gradient in a Lizard Adaptive Radiation: Evolutionary and Ecological Inferences	PLOS ONE			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; SPECIES RICHNESS; PHYLOGENETIC INERTIA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; LIOLAEMUS LIZARDS; BOULENGERI CLADE; GENUS LIOLAEMUS; RAPOPORTS RULE	Large-scale patterns of current species geographic range-size variation reflect historical dynamics of dispersal and provide insights into future consequences under changing environments. Evidence suggests that climate warming exerts major damage on high latitude and elevation organisms, where changes are more severe and available space to disperse tracking historical niches is more limited. Species with longer generations (slower adaptive responses), such as vertebrates, and with restricted distributions (lower genetic diversity, higher inbreeding) in these environments are expected to be particularly threatened by warming crises. However, a well-known macroecological generalization (Rapoport's rule) predicts that species range-sizes increase with increasing latitude-elevation, thus counterbalancing the impact of climate change. Here, I investigate geographic range-size variation across an extreme environmental gradient and as a function of body size, in the prominent Liolaemus lizard adaptive radiation. Conventional and phylogenetic analyses revealed that latitudinal (but not elevational) ranges significantly decrease with increasing latitude-elevation, while body size was unrelated to range-size. Evolutionarily, these results are insightful as they suggest a link between spatial environmental gradients and range-size evolution. However, ecologically, these results suggest that Liolaemus might be increasingly threatened if, as predicted by theory, ranges retract and contract continuously under persisting climate warming, potentially increasing extinction risks at high latitudes and elevations.	Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England	Pincheira-Donoso, D (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Streatham Campus, Exeter, Devon, England.	D.PincheiraDonoso@exeter.ac.uk			Leverhulme Trust; CRIDESAT (University of Atacama)	The author is indebted to the Leverhulme Trust for support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; I thank Jan Stipala and anonymous referees for thoughtful critical comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. I am also indebted to J.M. Cei (JMC-DC), M. Contreras, E. Solar and J. Artigas (MZUC), R. Gemel and H. Grillitsch (NHMV), N. Ibarguengoytia (UNComahue), I. Ineich (MNHNP), C. McCarthy (NHML), J. Navarro (DBGUCH), H. Nunez (MNHN), M. Oliver-Roedel (ZMB), E. Pereyra (IBAUNC), J. Scolaro (CENPAT, JAS-DC), F. Videla (IADIZA), for providing unrestricted access to Liolaemus specimens, and to J.M. Cei for unpublished data on some species. Finally, I thank CRIDESAT (University of Atacama) for an honorary fellowship.	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J	Tybur, JM; Gangestad, SW				Tybur, Joshua M.; Gangestad, Steven W.			Mate preferences and infectious disease: theoretical considerations and evidence in humans	PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Review						mate preferences; mate choice; disease avoidance; major histocompatibility complex; disgust	MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; HUMAN FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; WOMENS PREFERENCES; DISGUST SENSITIVITY; CLASS-I; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; APPARENT HEALTH	Mate preferences may operate in part to mitigate the threats posed by infectious disease. In this paper, we outline various ways in which preferring healthy mates can offer direct benefits in terms of pathogen avoidance and indirect benefits in terms of heritable immunity to offspring, as well as the costs that may constrain mate preferences for health. We then pay special attention to empirical work on mate preferences in humans given the depth and breadth of research on human mating. We review this literature and comment on the degree to which human mate preferences may reflect preferences for health.	[Gangestad, Steven W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Tybur, Joshua M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Social & Org Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Gangestad, SW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	sgangest@unm.edu	Tybur, Joshua/P-5435-2014	Tybur, Joshua/0000-0002-0462-6508; Gangestad, Steven/0000-0002-8879-4348			Able DJ, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P2229, DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.5.2229; Ackerman JM, 2009, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V45, P478, DOI 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.008; Adamo SA, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P871, DOI 10.1093/beheco/ari068; Adamo SA, 2009, ANIM BEHAV, V77, P67, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.09.011; Birkhead TR, 2006, EVOLUTION, V60, P2389; Boothroyd LG, 2005, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V26, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.001; Boots M, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P585, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1932; BORGIA G, 1990, AM ZOOL, V30, P279; BORGIA G, 1986, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V19, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF00295708; Brooks R, 2011, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V278, P810, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0964; 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L., 2007, J EVOLUTIONARY PSYCH, V5, P131, DOI DOI 10.1556/JEP.2007.1012	124	53	56	1	69	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8436	1471-2970		PHILOS T R SOC B	Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	DEC 12	2011	366	1583			SI		3375	3388		10.1098/rstb.2011.0136				14	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	842IQ	WOS:000296591900003	22042915	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Kamo, M; Hayashi, TI; Akita, T				Kamo, Masashi; Hayashi, Takehiko I.; Akita, Tetsuya			Potential effects of life-history evolution on ecological risk assessment	ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS			English	Article						acclimation; adaptation; chemical tolerance; ecological risk assessment; life-history evolution; population-level risk assessment; r/K selection; resource-allocation model	DENSITY-DEPENDENT SELECTION; HEAVY-METALS; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; ZINC TOLERANCE; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; ACCLIMATION; ADAPTATION; EXPOSURE	We investigated theoretically how the sensitivity of organisms to the toxicity of chemicals varies depending on their life-history traits, which are subject to evolution. We used a resource-allocation model in which organisms allocate their resources to reproduction, maintenance of life (reduction of death), and reduction of the toxicities of chemicals. First we investigated the optimal allocation rates in the absence of chemicals. We found that when evolution occurred in low-density populations, the allocation rate for reproduction was larger than that for maintenance of life, and hence an r-strategy evolved. The r-strategists had lower sensitivity (higher resistance) against the toxicity than K-strategists, which was the optimal strategy in high-density populations. Second, we examined the optimal allocation rates in the presence of chemicals. The allocation rate for the reduction of toxicity varied depending on the shape of functions for the reduction of toxicity. When the efficiency for the reduction was low, organisms did not allocate resources to reduce toxicity, and they remained sensitive to chemicals (sensitive type). When the toxicity was efficiently reduced, the organisms allocated resources to reduce the toxicity and became insensitive to the chemicals (resistant type). When the function for the reduction had a sigmoidal shape, evolutionary bistability appeared, and the organisms eventually evolved either to allocate resources for chemical reduction or not to do so depending on the initial conditions of evolution. This result explains the large variation in the sensitivities to chemicals in organisms collected from polluted areas. We also found that the toxicity required to reduce the population growth rate by 10% (EC10) was higher for the resistant type than for the sensitive type in general; however, when the toxicity tests were conducted under a resource-poor condition, EC10 was even smaller in the resistant type than in the sensitive type (i.e., resistant organisms are more sensitive than sensitive organisms). This counterintuitive result occurred because the allocation of resources for toxicity reduction was larger than needed, and was thus an overinvestment under the resource-poor condition. Together with the results, we conclude that lacking an understanding of the evolutionary aspect may lead to insufficient risk assessment and management.	[Kamo, Masashi] Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Sci Safety & Sustainabil, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan; [Hayashi, Takehiko I.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Res Ctr Environm Risk, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Akita, Tetsuya] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan	Kamo, M (reprint author), Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Sci Safety & Sustainabil, Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan.	masashi-kamo@aist.go.jp	Kamo, Masashi/C-6049-2015	Kamo, Masashi/0000-0002-6972-3333	JSPS [22651011]	This research was partially supported by JSPS Grant-in-aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (22651011).	Akcakaya HR, 2008, DEMOGRAPHIC TOXICITY; BOYCE MS, 1980, AM NAT, V115, P480, DOI 10.1086/283575; Calow P, 2003, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V37, P146; Carson Rachel, 2002, SILENT SPRING; Devi U. 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Appl.	DEC	2011	21	8					3191	3198		10.1890/11-0234.1				8	Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	877GU	WOS:000299166300024					2019-02-21	
J	Wooten, JA; Rissler, LJ				Wooten, Jessica A.; Rissler, Leslie J.			Ecological associations and genetic divergence in Black-bellied Salamanders (Desmognathus quadramaculatus) of the Southern Appalachian Mountains	ACTA HERPETOLOGICA			English	Article						Salamanders; Desmognathus quadramaculatus; Desmognathus marmoratus; AFLP; streams; Desmognathus folkertsi; mtDNA; ecoregions	FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; DUSKY SALAMANDERS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL TESTS	The discovery and subsequent description of cryptic biodiversity is often challenging, especially for groups that have undergone rapid lineage accumulation in the relatively recent past. Even without formal descriptions, understanding genetic diversity patterns as they relate to underlying ecological or historical processes can be important for conservation. The dusky salamanders of the genus Desmognathus, with 20 described species, comprise the second largest genus of plethodontid salamanders in the eastern United States. However, due to the presence of high genetic diversity and relatively few morphological synapomorphies, the number of species is likely to increase. For the three nominal species within the D. quadramaculatus species complex, including D. quadramaculatus, D. folkertsi, and D. marmoratus, we used a portion of the mitochondrial genome and nuclear markers in the form of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) to uncover spatial patterns of genetic diversity. Within D. quadramaculatus and D. marmoratus, we uncovered four well-supported lineages with the mitochondrial sequences; phylogeographic patterns were not congruent with the AFLP data. Both sets of markers identified a clear isolation by stream distance. Using multiple regressions, we found that historical river drainages and terrestrial ecoregions explained the phylogeographic patterning we observed for D. quadramaculatus.	[Wooten, Jessica A.] Univ Findlay, Dept Biol, Findlay, OH 45840 USA; [Rissler, Leslie J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA	Wooten, JA (reprint author), Univ Findlay, Dept Biol, Findlay, OH 45840 USA.	Rissler@as.ua.edu			NSF [DEB 0414033]; American Museum of Natural History; University of Alabama	This manuscript is a result of a chapter from the Ph.D. dissertation of Jessica Wooten under the direction of L. Rissler. H. Smith-Somerville, P. Harris, J. Lopez-Bautista, and C. Camp provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Many people helped in the field or obtained tissue for us, including S. Eagle, W. Van Devender, A. Van Devender, C. Camp, D. Beamer, M. Chadwick, C. Cox, S. Parker, J. Hodgson, D. Merritt, J. Humphries, J. Waldron, Z. Felix, B. Sutton, R. Makowsky, C. Makowsky, S. Fields, and W. Smith. W. Holznagel, L. Tolley-Jordan, and E. Toorens provided assistance with the laboratory work and AFLP fragment analysis. P. Bradford extracted the stream distances for each locality. All salamander research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol number 05-242-3 to Leslie Rissler at The University of Alabama. This research was funded by: a NSF DEB 0414033 awarded to Leslie Rissler, American Museum of Natural History grant awarded to Jessica Wooten, and The University of Alabama.	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DEC	2011	6	2					175	208						34	Zoology	Zoology	881BF	WOS:000299453600006		DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Martin, SB; Leberg, PL				Martin, Shannon B.; Leberg, Paul L.			Influence of environmental stress on age- and size-at-maturity: genetic and plastic responses of coastal marsh fishes to changing salinities	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article							SEA-LEVEL RISE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MOSQUITOFISH GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; EASTERN MOSQUITOFISH; REACTION NORMS; DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS; POECILIA-RETICULATA; HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA	As sea levels rise, salt water will intrude into freshwater coastal habitats with greater frequency and stress resident organisms inducing physiological trade-offs that influence life history tactics. Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and least killifish (Heterandria formosa), collected along a salinity gradient and maintained in a common freshwater environment for two years (>= 4 generations), were used to examine historical (genetic effects) and contemporary environmental effects of salinity on age- and size-at-maturity. There was phenotypic plasticity for sexual maturation and genetic variance among source populations for size-at-maturity, but no genetic variance for plasticity itself as indicated by the lack: of genetic-by-environment interactions. Gambusia affinis males and H. formosa females exhibited stress by maturing at smaller sizes and older ages in response to being reared in 0 and 12 ppt, respectively. Our results suggest that habitats in which these fishes are most abundant do not correspond to the salinities at which they can rapidly mature at larger sizes, indicating that other environmental factors are also influential to their distribution and abundance along salinity gradients.	[Martin, Shannon B.; Leberg, Paul L.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA	Martin, SB (reprint author), Apalachicola Field Lab, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Eastpoint, FL 32328 USA.	Shannon.Martin@MyFWC.com			EPA National Center of Environmental Research; Louisiana Board of Regents EPSCor; CREST; Coastal Conservation Association of Louisiana	Comments by P. Klerks, L. Rozas, J. Albert, J. Neigel, K. Donohue, and anonymous reviewers improved the original manuscript. We thank the EPA National Center of Environmental Research, the Louisiana Board of Regents EPSCor, the CREST scholars program, and the Coastal Conservation Association of Louisiana for funding this project. This research complied with all state and federal ethical requirements and was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) No. 2004-8717-020.	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J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.	DEC	2011	68	12					2121	2131		10.1139/F2011-119				11	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	877OA	WOS:000299190600008					2019-02-21	
J	Badzinski, SS; Kennedy, L; Petrie, SA; Schummer, ML				Badzinski, Shannon S.; Kennedy, Lisa; Petrie, Scott A.; Schummer, Michael L.			Variation in Body Composition and Digestive Organs of Tundra Swans during Migration at Long Point, Lake Erie, Ontario	WATERBIRDS			English	Article						Cygnus columbianus; digestive organs; Great Lakes; migration; nutrient reserves; staging area; Tundra Swan	LESSER SNOW GEESE; NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; CANADA GEESE; PHENOTYPIC FLEXIBILITY; CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS; POPULATION TRENDS; REPRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; CHRONOLOGY; BREEDERS	Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus) spend a substantial portion of their annual cycle at migratory staging areas. Despite the potential importance of staging areas to conservation of Eastern Population (EP) Tundra Swans, few data are available to assess life-history strategies of the species during migration. During 1999 and 2000, 48 adult Tundra Swans were collected during peak periods of spring and autumn migration at Long Point, Ontario, Canada, to establish baselines on nutrient reserve levels and morphology of digestive organs. Results were compared to nutrient reserve data for EP Tundra Swans collected at a major wintering area in North Carolina, USA. Lipid reserve levels did not differ between sexes nor varied with body size, but lipid reserves were approximately two times greater in autumn than spring. Males had greater protein reserves than females, and protein reserves were similar during autumn and spring. Although digestive organs were predicted to be longer and heavier during autumn, no seasonal variation in digestive organs was detected. Lipid reserve levels of Tundra Swans at Long Point during spring were similar to those recorded for wintering birds in North Carolina, suggesting that lipid reserves catabolized from autumn through winter were not replenished prior to arriving at this initial spring staging area. The results highlight the importance of managing quality aquatic and terrestrial foraging habitats at staging areas for conservation EP Tundra Swans. Received 24 June 2011, accepted 14 September 2011.	[Badzinski, Shannon S.; Petrie, Scott A.; Schummer, Michael L.] Long Point Waterfowl, Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Canada; [Badzinski, Shannon S.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Kennedy, Lisa] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada	Schummer, ML (reprint author), Long Point Waterfowl, POB 160, Port Rowan, ON N0E 1M0, Canada.	mschummer@longpointwaterfowl.org			Long Point Waterfowl; Bluff's Hunting Club; Ducks Unlimited Canada; Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters; S. C. Johnson Son, Ltd.; Waterfowl Research Foundation; Aylmer Order of Good Cheer; Ontario Power Generation; Long Point Waterfowlers' Association	Financial support was provided by Long Point Waterfowl, The Bluff's Hunting Club, Ducks Unlimited Canada, The Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters, S. C. Johnson & Son, Ltd., the Waterfowl Research Foundation, Aylmer Order of Good Cheer, Ontario Power Generation, and the Long Point Waterfowlers' Association. Long Point Waterfowl, the University of Western Ontario, Bird Studies Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service provided logistical support. R. C. Bailey and J. Millar provided guidance in development of this manuscript.	AFTON AD, 1991, CONDOR, V93, P89, DOI 10.2307/1368610; Alisauskas RT, 2002, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V66, P181, DOI 10.2307/3802884; ANKNEY CD, 1978, AUK, V95, P459; ANKNEY CD, 1991, CONDOR, V93, P1029, DOI 10.2307/3247743; Badzinski SS, 2006, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V567, P195, DOI 10.1007/s10750-006-0045-z; Baldassarre GA, 2006, WATERFOWL ECOLOGY MA; Barney E. 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J	Rushworth, CA; Song, BH; Lee, CR; Mitchell-Olds, T				Rushworth, Catherine A.; Song, Bao-Hua; Lee, Cheng-Ruei; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas			Boechera, a model system for ecological genomics	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Review						ecological genetics; evolution of sex; life history evolution; plant mating; population geneticsuempirical; quantitative genetics; systems	ARABIS-HOLBOELLII BRASSICACEAE; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION; NORTH-AMERICAN BOECHERA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SELF-FERTILIZATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; APOMICTIC HYBRIDS	The selection and development of a study system for evolutionary and ecological functional genomics (EEFG) depend on a variety of factors. Here, we present the genus Boechera as an exemplary system with which to address ecological and evolutionary questions. Our focus on Boechera is based on several characteristics as follows: (i) native populations in undisturbed habitats where current environments reflect historical conditions over several thousand years; (ii) functional genomics benefitting from its close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana; (iii) inbreeding tolerance enabling development of recombinant inbred lines, near-isogenic lines and positional cloning; (iv) interspecific crosses permitting mapping for genetic analysis of speciation; (v) apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) in a genetically tractable diploid; and (vi) broad geographic distribution in North America, permitting ecological genetics for a large research community. These characteristics, along with the current sequencing of three Boechera species by the Joint Genome Institute, position Boechera as a rapidly advancing system for EEFG studies.	[Rushworth, Catherine A.; Song, Bao-Hua; Lee, Cheng-Ruei; Mitchell-Olds, Thomas] Duke Univ, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA	Mitchell-Olds, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Dept Biol, POB 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA.	tmo1@duke.edu	Mitchell-Olds, Thomas/K-8121-2012	Mitchell-Olds, Thomas/0000-0003-3439-9921; Lee, Cheng-Ruei/0000-0002-1913-9964; Rushworth, Catherine/0000-0003-0715-1234	NIH [R01 GM086496]; NSF [EF-0723447]	We thank R. Colautti, J. Anderson, C. Willis, M. R. Wagner, K. Prasad and C. Rothfels for helpful discussion and comments. We also thank Detlef Weigel, Stephen Wright, Karen Schumaker, Rod Wing, Dan Rokhsar, Jeremy Schmutz and the DOE Joint Genome Institute for permission to use genomic sequence data from Capsella and Thellungiella. Special thanks to P. Alexander for permission to use his photographs. This research has been supported by grants from the NIH (R01 GM086496) and NSF (EF-0723447).	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Ecol.	DEC	2011	20	23					4843	4857		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05340.x				15	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	859ZW	WOS:000297915700005	22059452	Bronze, Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Shaw, AK; Levin, SA				Shaw, Allison K.; Levin, Simon A.			To breed or not to breed: a model of partial migration	OIKOS			English	Article							RANDOMLY VARYING ENVIRONMENTS; ESS GERMINATION STRATEGIES; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; REPRODUCTION; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; DENSITY	Migration is used by a number of species as a strategy for dealing with a seasonally variable environment. In many migratory species, only some individuals migrate within a given season (migrants) while the rest remain in the same location (residents), a phenomenon called partial migration. Most examples of partial migration considered in the literature (both empirically and theoretically) fall into one of two categories: either species where residents and migrants share a breeding ground and winter apart, or species where residents and migrants share an overwintering ground and breed apart. However, a third form of partial migration can occur when non-migrating individuals actually forgo reproduction, essentially a special form of low-frequency reproduction. While this type of partial migration is well documented in many taxa, it is not often included in the partial migration literature, and has not been considered theoretically to date. In this paper we present a model for this partial migration scenario and determine under what conditions an individual should skip a breeding opportunity (resulting in partial migration), and under what conditions individuals should breed every chance they get (resulting in complete migration). In a constant environment, we find that partial migration is expected to occur when the mortality cost of migration is high, and when individuals can greatly increase their fecundity by skipping a year before breeding. In a stochastic environment, we find that an individual should skip migration more frequently with increased risk of a bad year (higher probability and severity), with higher mortality cost of migration, and with lower mortality cost of skipping. We discuss these results in the context of empirical data and existing life history theory.	[Shaw, Allison K.; Levin, Simon A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA	Shaw, AK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.	akshaw@princeton.edu	Shaw, Allison/E-7161-2010	Shaw, Allison/0000-0001-7969-8365	National Science Foundation [DGE-0646086]	We would like to thank Iain Couzin, Henry Horn, Per Lundberg, Dan Rubenstein, Daniel Stanton and the Levin lab for helpful discussions and feedback, and the organizers of the CAnMove Symposium on Partial Migration for organizing this thematic on partial migration. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. DGE-0646086 to AKS.	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J	de Andreazzi, CS; Rademaker, V; Gentile, R; Herrera, HM; Jansen, AM; D'Andrea, PS				de Andreazzi, Cecilia S.; Rademaker, Vitor; Gentile, Rosana; Herrera, Heitor M.; Jansen, Ana M.; D'Andrea, Paulo S.			Population ecology of small rodents and marsupials in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of the southeast Pantanal, Brazil	ZOOLOGIA			English	Article						Gracilinanus agilis; Oecomys mamorae; population dynamics; seasonality; small mammal; Thrichomys pachyurus	SMALL MAMMALS; ATLANTIC FOREST; REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS; AGE STRUCTURE; MATO-GROSSO; DYNAMICS; OPOSSUM; DIDELPHIDAE; ABUNDANCE; SEASONALITY	The Pantanal is a South American biome characterized by extensive plains and stark environmental seasonality. Several habitats are subject to annual flooding, forcing small mammal species to aggregate in dry forest patches, which most likely influences their population dynamics and life history strategies. In order to investigate the seasonal influence on the life history traits of these small mammals, we conducted a 2-year mark-recapture study in the southeastern region of the Brazilian Pantanal (Nhecolandia) and analyzed the population dynamics of the most abundant small mammal species with the jackknife estimator. A trapping effort of 21,560 trap-nights resulted in 615 individuals in 1,171 captures (success = 5.43%). Three species of rodents - Oecomys mamorae (Thomas, 1906), Thrichomys pachyurus (Wagner, 1845), and Clyomys laticeps (Thomas, 1841) - and three species of marsupials - Gracilinanus agilis (Burmeister, 1854), Thylamys macrurus (Olfers, 1818), and Monodelphis domestica (Wagner, 1842) - were obtained. The most abundant species was O. mamorae, followed by G. agilis and T. pachyurus. Oecomys mamorae was more abundant in the wet season and presented an opportunistic reproductive strategy. Gracilianus agilis displayed increased population sizes in the dry season and synchronized, seasonal reproduction during the rainy season. Thrichomys pachyurus had a small population size, delayed response to variations in environmental conditions and higher reproductive rates in the dry season. All species revealed different life history strategies (seasonal, opportunistic or delayed response to environmental variations), coinciding with periods of higher resource availability in order to maximize survival.	[Rademaker, Vitor; Gentile, Rosana; D'Andrea, Paulo S.] Fiocruz MS, Lab Biol & Parasitol Mamiferos Silvestres Reserva, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; [Herrera, Heitor M.; Jansen, Ana M.] Fiocruz MS, Lab Biol Tripanosomatideos, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; [Herrera, Heitor M.] EMBRAPA, Ctr Pesquisa Agr Pantanal, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil; [de Andreazzi, Cecilia S.] Fiocruz MS, CJM, BR-22713375 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil	D'Andrea, PS (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Lab Biol & Parasitol Mamiferos Silvestres Reserva, Ave Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.	dandrea@ioc.fiocruz.br	D'Andrea, Paulo/G-6820-2011; Gentile, Rosana/C-3101-2013; Andreazzi, Cecilia/B-1317-2013	Andreazzi, Cecilia/0000-0002-9817-0635	Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz; Conservacao Internacional do Brasil; Earthwatch Institute; FUNDECT	To Diogo Loretto, Natalie Olifiers, Samantha T. Mansur, Tatiana P.T. Abreu and staff from the Laboratorio de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamiferos Silvestres Reservatorios FIOCRUZ/RJ who helped us during field work. Cibele Bonvicino for karyotype identification of small mammal species. Claudio Bidau and Fernando Fernandez for important contributions. This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Conservacao Internacional do Brasil, Earthwatch Institute and FUNDECT. The assistance provided by Alexine Keuroghlian, Donald P. Eaton and by the local inhabitants is gratefully acknowledged, especially the Rio Negro farm staff.	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J	Dziock, F; Gerisch, M; Siegert, M; Hering, I; Scholz, M; Ernst, R				Dziock, Frank; Gerisch, Michael; Siegert, Marian; Hering, Isabel; Scholz, Mathias; Ernst, Raffael			Reproducing or dispersing? Using trait based habitat templet models to analyse Orthoptera response to flooding and land use	AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT			English	Article						RLQ; Fourth corner; Orthoptera; Floodplains; Life history strategies; Disturbance; Traits database	SPECIES TRAITS; LONG-TERM; ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; GRASSHOPPER ASSEMBLAGES; FLOODPLAIN GRASSLANDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; TRADE-OFFS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY	Habitat templet theory predicts that habitat provides the templet on which evolution shapes species' multiple traits and thus their characteristic life-history strategies. By analysing entire trait communities (multiple species and traits) in this framework we can enhance our understanding of how species composition changes as environmental constraints vary across the landscape. Here, we study multiple traits of floodplain Orthoptera communities under the influence of two different sources of disturbance, land use and seasonal flooding. The application of two recently developed statistical techniques qualitative RLQ analysis and subsequent fourth-corner permutation tests revealed two different life history strategies in Orthoptera as a response to ecological disturbances, resulting from land use management and seasonal flooding. Orthoptera species seem to have developed two complementary strategies: (i) the high active dispersal-low reproduction strategy in intensive land use situations and (ii) the high passive dispersalhigh reproduction strategy in areas with high flood disturbance. Disturbance gradients act as trait filters allowing only particular trait combinations i.e. species with particular preadaptations to survive, whereas others go regionally extinct. Reproduction and dispersal capacity seem to be inversely associated with the disturbance gradients. Ovariole number, taken as the measure for reproduction, showed significant phylogenetic signal, which could potentially confound this relationship. Nonetheless, RLQ analyses coupled with fourth-corner permutation tests proved a powerful tool to reveal and disentangle different evolutionary strategies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Dziock, Frank] Univ Appl Sci, Chair Anim Ecol, HTW Dresden, Fak Landbau Landespflege, D-01326 Dresden, Germany; [Dziock, Frank; Hering, Isabel] Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Biodivers Dynam, D-12165 Berlin, Germany; [Gerisch, Michael; Siegert, Marian; Scholz, Mathias] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Conservat Biol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; [Siegert, Marian] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Dept Zool, A-8010 Graz, Austria; [Ernst, Raffael] Senckenberg Nat Hist Collect Dresden, Museum Zool, D-01109 Dresden, Germany	Dziock, F (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci, Chair Anim Ecol, HTW Dresden, Fak Landbau Landespflege, Pillnitzer Pl 2, D-01326 Dresden, Germany.	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Ecosyst. Environ.	DEC	2011	145	1			SI		85	94		10.1016/j.agee.2011.07.015				10	Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	873PE	WOS:000298894500010					2019-02-21	
J	Baker, RL; Diggle, PK				Baker, Robert L.; Diggle, Pamela K.			NODE-SPECIFIC BRANCHING AND HETEROCHRONIC CHANGES UNDERLIE POPULATION-LEVEL DIFFERENCES IN MIMULUS GUTTATUS (PHRYMACEAE) SHOOT ARCHITECTURE	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						axillary meristem; branching; development; evolution; heterochrony; life history evolution; meristem limitation; Mimulus; shoot architecture	VERBASCUM-THAPSUS SCROPHULARIACEAE; TRANSMISSION RATIO DISTORTION; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GROUND BUD BANKS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; MERISTEM LIMITATION; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; SPERGULARIA-MARINA; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; APICAL DOMINANCE	Premise of the study: Shoot architecture is a fundamentally developmental aspect of plant biology with implications for plant form, function, reproduction, and life history evolution. Mimulus guttatus is morphologically diverse and becoming a model for evolutionary biology. Shoot architecture, however, has never been studied from a developmental perspective in M. guttatus. Methods: We examined the development of branches and flowers in plants from two locally adapted populations of M. guttatus with contrasting flowering times, life histories, and branch numbers. We planted second-generation seed in growth chambers to control for maternal and environmental effects. Key results: Most branches occurred at nodes one and two of the main axis. Onset of branching occurred earlier and at a greater frequency in perennials than in annuals. In perennials, almost all flowers occurred at the fifth or more distal nodes. In annuals, most flowers occurred at the third and more distal nodes. Accessory axillary meristems and higher-order branching did not influence shoot architecture. Conclusions: We found no evidence for trade-offs between flowers and branches because axillary meristem number was not limiting: a large number of meristems remained quiescent. If, however, quiescence is a component of meristem allocation strategy, then meristems may be limited despite presence of quiescent meristems. At the two basalmost nodes, branch number was determined by mechanisms governing either meristem initiation or outgrowth, rather than flowering vs. branching. At the third and more distal nodes, heterochronic processes contributed to flowering time and branch number differences between populations.	[Baker, Robert L.; Diggle, Pamela K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA	Baker, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.	Robert.Baker@colorado.edu			Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Natural History Museum at the University of Colorado, Boulder	The authors thank the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Natural History Museum at the University of Colorado, Boulder for financial support for this project. C. Lay (University of Colorado, Boulder) and G. Carey (University of Colorado, Boulder) provided help with the statistical analysis. The manuscript was improved by the comments of A. Randle (University of Colorado, Boulder), J. Bachelier (Harvard University), and three anonymous reviewers.	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DEC	2011	98	12					1924	1934		10.3732/ajb.1100098				11	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	863PB	WOS:000298176800017	22123715	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Granek, JA; Kayikci, O; Magwene, PM				Granek, Joshua A.; Kayikci, Oemuer; Magwene, Paul M.			Pleiotropic signaling pathways orchestrate yeast development	CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY			English	Review							PROTEIN-KINASE-A; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; HAPLOID INVASIVE GROWTH; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PSEUDOHYPHAL DIFFERENTIATION; BUDDING YEAST; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; BIOFILM FORMATION; CELL-GROWTH	Developmental phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related yeasts include responses such as filamentous growth, sporulation, and the formation of biofilms and complex colonies. These developmental phenotypes are regulated by evolutionarily conserved, nutrient-responsive signaling networks. The signaling mechanisms that control development in yeast are highly pleiotropic - all the known pathways contribute to the regulation of multiple developmental outcomes. This degree of pleiotropy implies that perturbations of these signaling pathways, whether genetic, biochemical, or environmentally induced, can manifest in multiple (and sometimes unexpected) ways. We summarize the current state of knowledge of developmental pleiotropy in yeast and discuss its implications for understanding functional relationships.	[Magwene, Paul M.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA; Duke Univ, IGSP Ctr Syst Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA	Magwene, PM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA.	paul.magwene@duke.edu		Granek, Joshua/0000-0003-3908-5016; Magwene, Paul/0000-0002-7659-2589	NIH [P50GM081883-01]; NSF [MCB-0614959]	We thank Jennifer Reininga and Debra Murray for helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the NIH (P50GM081883-01) and NSF (MCB-0614959).	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Opin. Microbiol.	DEC	2011	14	6					676	681		10.1016/j.mib.2011.09.004				6	Microbiology	Microbiology	868LK	WOS:000298524600008	21962291	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Vermonden, K; Brodersen, KP; Jacobsen, D; van Kleef, H; van der Velde, G; Leuven, RSEW				Vermonden, K.; Brodersen, K. P.; Jacobsen, D.; van Kleef, H.; van der Velde, G.; Leuven, R. S. E. W.			The influence of environmental factors and dredging on chironomid larval diversity in urban drainage systems in polders strongly influenced by seepage from large rivers	JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY			English	Article						biodiversity; ditches; eutrophication; life-history strategies; macroinvertebrates; non-biting midges; rehabilitation; surface waters; urban ecology	FRESH-WATER MACROINVERTEBRATES; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; CATCHMENT URBANIZATION; BIOLOGICAL TRAITS; LAND-USE; STREAMS; RESTORATION; QUALITY; RESPONSES	Interest in the biodiversity value of urban waters is growing. Understanding key ecological processes is essential for effective management of these aquatic ecosystems. Our paper focuses on identifying the key factors that structure chironomid assemblages, such as water quality and dredging, in urban waters strongly influenced by seepage of large rivers. Chironomid assemblages were studied in urban surface-water systems (man-made drainage ditches) in polder areas along lowland reaches of the rivers Rhine-Meuse in The Netherlands. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the key environmental factors. Taxon richness, Shannon index (H'), rareness of species, and life-history strategies at urban locations were compared with available data from similar man-made water bodies in rural areas, and the effectiveness of dredging for restoring chironomid diversity in urban waters was tested. Three different chironomid associations were distinguished by Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis. Variation within and among chironomid associations were significantly related to substrate (sludge layer and substrate type: sand vs clay), % cover of lemnids, submerged vegetation, filamentous algae, and water transparency. Chironomid taxon richness and H' were similar in urban and rural waters, probably because of their similar hydrologic, morphologic, and water-quality conditions and their similar dredging and weed-control regimes. Rareness was slightly higher in urban than in rural waters. In urban water systems, chironomid taxon richness was negatively related to sludge layer and % cover of lemnids. Dredging changed chironomid species composition, and increased taxon richness and life-history strategies indicative of good 02 conditions. Therefore, dredging can be regarded as an effective measure to restore diversity of chironomid communities in urban waters affected by nutrient-rich seepage or inlet of river water.	[Vermonden, K.; Leuven, R. S. E. W.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Vermonden, K.; Brodersen, K. P.; Jacobsen, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Freshwater Biol Lab, DK-3400 Hillerod, Denmark; [van Kleef, H.] Bargerveen Fdn, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands; [van der Velde, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands; [van der Velde, G.] Netherlands Ctr Biodivers Nat, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands	Leuven, RSEW (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Environm Sci, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.	kim_vermonden@hotmail.com; klaus.brodersen@gmail.com; djacobsen@bio.ku.dk; h.vankleef@science.ru.nl; g.vandervelde@science.ru.nl; r.leuven@science.ru.nl	van der Velde, Gerard/C-7776-2011; Jacobsen, Dean/K-4920-2014; Leuven, Rob/A-3303-2012	Jacobsen, Dean/0000-0001-5137-297X; Leuven, Rob/0000-0001-5434-6005	municipal authority of Nijmegen; municipal authority of Arnhem; Radboud University Nijmegen	Henk Vallenduuk and Henk Moller Pillot identified the chironomids. We thank Marij Orbons, Ankie Brock, Jelle Eygensteyn, An de Schryver, Kim Lotterman, Moni Poelen, Brechje Rijkens, Stefan Witteveen, Johannes Radinger, Tiago Saborida, and Martin Versteeg for assistance in the laboratory and the field. Moreover, we thank Hans van Ammers (Municipality of Arnhem), Harriet de Ruiter (Waterboard Rivierenland), Ton Verhoeven (Municipality of Nijmegen), and Henk Velthorst (Municipality of Arnhem) for stimulating discussions on the functioning of urban water systems. We thank 2 anonymous referees and Christopher Walsh for critical comments on an earlier draft of our paper and for suggestions to improve our paper. This project was financially supported by the Interreg IIIb North-West Europe Urban water programme, the municipal authorities of Nijmegen and Arnhem, and Radboud University Nijmegen.	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G., 2001, LIMNOLOGY LAKE RIVER; WITTEVEEN+BOS, 2006, AN GROUNDW SYST NIJM; Woodcock T, 2005, WETLANDS, V25, P306, DOI 10.1672/7	75	4	4	2	30	NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC	LAWRENCE	1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA	0887-3593			J N AM BENTHOL SOC	J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.	DEC	2011	30	4					1074	1092		10.1899/10-047.1				19	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	864EA	WOS:000298218600016					2019-02-21	
J	Eadie, JM; Lyon, BE				Eadie, John McA; Lyon, Bruce E.			The relative role of relatives in conspecific brood parasitism	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Article						animal mating; breeding systems; behaviour; social evolution; birds; host-parasite interactions; life history evolution	PHILOPATRIC BIRD POPULATION; WOOD DUCKS; RELATEDNESS; EVOLUTION; GOLDENEYES; SELECTION; KINSHIP	Conspecific brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other females in the same population, leading to a fascinating array of possible games among parasites and their hosts (Davies 2000; Lyon & Eadie 2008). Almost 30 years ago, Andersson & Eriksson (1982) first suggested that perhaps this form of parasitism was not what it seemed-indeed, perhaps it was not parasitism at all! Andersson & Eriksson (1982) observed that conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) was disproportionally common in waterfowl (Anatidae), a group of birds for which natal philopatry is female-biased rather than the more usual avian pattern of male-biased natal philopatry. Accordingly, Andersson (1984) reasoned (and demonstrated in an elegantly simple model) that relatedness among females might facilitate the evolution of CBP-prodding us to reconsider it as a kin-selected and possibly cooperative breeding system rather than a parasitic interaction. The idea was much cited but rarely tested empirically until recently-a number of new studies, empowered with a battery of molecular techniques, have now put Anderssons hypothesis to the test (Table 1). The results are tantalizing, but also somewhat conflicting. Several studies, focusing on waterfowl, have found clear evidence that hosts and parasites are often related (Andersson & Ahlund 2000; Roy Nielsen 2006; Andersson & Waldeck 2007; Waldeck 2008; Jaatinen 2009; Tiedemann . 2011). However, this is not always the case (Semel & Sherman 2001; Anderholm 2009; and see Poysa 2004). In a new study reported in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Jaatinen (2011a) provide yet another twist to this story that might explain not only why such variable results have been obtained, but also suggests that the games between parasites and their hosts-and the role of kinship in these games-may be even more complex than Andersson (1984) imagined. Indeed, the role of kinship in CBP may be very much one of relative degree!	[Eadie, John McA] Univ Calif Davis, Ecol Grp, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Eadie, John McA] Univ Calif Davis, Anim Behav Grad Grp, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Lyon, Bruce E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA	Eadie, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ecol Grp, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	jmeadie@ucdavis.edu	Eadie, John/E-4820-2011; Lyon, Bruce/E-8491-2011		National Science Foundation [0443807, 0710455]; Dennis G. Raveling Endowment	We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (#0443807 B.E.L.; #0710455 J.M.E.) and the Dennis G. Raveling Endowment (J.M.E.).	Ahlund M, 2001, NATURE, V414, P600, DOI 10.1038/414600b; Anderholm S, 2009, MOL ECOL, V18, P4955, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04397.x; Andersson M, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P13188, DOI 10.1073/pnas.220137897; ANDERSSON M, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P1, DOI 10.1086/283965; Andersson M, 2001, AM NAT, V158, P599, DOI 10.1086/324113; ANDERSSON M, 1984, PRODUCERS SCROUNGERS, P195; Andersson M, 2007, MOL ECOL, V16, P2797, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03301.x; Davies N. B., 2000, CUCKOOS COWBIRDS OTH; Davis JM, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P411, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.006; de Valpine P, 2008, AM NAT, V172, P547, DOI 10.1086/590956; Dickinson JL, 2007, MOL ECOL, V16, P2610, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03377.x; EADIE JM, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P621, DOI 10.1086/285431; Eadie JM, 1989, THESIS U BRIT COLUMB; Eadie John M., 2000, Birds of North America, P1; EMLEN ST, 1986, ETHOLOGY, V71, P2; HAMILTON W, 1964, J THEOR BIOL, V7, P7, DOI DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4; Hauber ME, 2001, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V24, P609, DOI 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01916-0; Jaatinen K, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P5328, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05281.x; Jaatinen K, 2011, BEHAV ECOL, V22, P144, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arq162; Jaatinen K, 2009, MOL ECOL, V18, P2713, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04223.x; Lopez-Sepulcre A, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V64, P215, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.3043; Lyon BE, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P12942, DOI 10.1073/pnas.97.24.12942; LYON BE, 1993, ANIM BEHAV, V46, P911, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1273; Lyon BE, 2008, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V39, P343, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173354; McRae SB, 1996, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V38, P115, DOI 10.1007/s002650050224; Nielsen CR, 2006, BEHAV ECOL, V17, P491, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arj057; Poysa H, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V67, P673, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.009; Semel B, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V61, P787, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1657; Tiedemann R, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P3237, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05158.x; Waldeck P, 2008, BEHAV ECOL, V19, P67, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm113; West SA, 2010, SCIENCE, V327, P1341, DOI 10.1126/science.1178332; Zink AG, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P395, DOI 10.1086/303325	32	11	12	0	67	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0962-1083			MOL ECOL	Mol. Ecol.	DEC	2011	20	24					5114	5118		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05320.x				5	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	862KJ	WOS:000298089300002	22250302	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Egset, CK; Bolstad, GH; Rosenqvist, G; Endler, JA; Pelabon, C				Egset, C. K.; Bolstad, G. H.; Rosenqvist, G.; Endler, J. A.; Pelabon, C.			Geographical variation in allometry in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						predation; sexual selection; shape; size; swimming performance	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ONE-SIZE-FITS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; COLOR PATTERNS; TRINIDADIAN GUPPY; STATIC ALLOMETRY; BERG HYPOTHESIS; MALE GENITALIA	Variation in static allometry, the power relationship between character size and body size among individuals at similar developmental stages, remains poorly understood. We tested whether predation or other ecological factors could affect static allometry by comparing the allometry between the caudal fin length and the body length in adult male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) among populations from different geographical areas, exposed to different predation pressures. Neither the allometric slopes nor the allometric elevations (intercept at constant slope) changed with predation pressure. However, populations from the Northern Range in Trinidad showed allometry with similar slopes but lower intercepts than populations from the Caroni and the Oropouche drainages. Because most of these populations are exposed to predation by the prawn Macrobrachium crenulatum, we speculated that the specific selection pressures exerted by this predator generated this change in relative caudal fin size, although effects of other environmental factors could not be ruled out. This study further suggests that the allometric elevation is more variable than the allometric slope.	[Egset, C. K.; Bolstad, G. H.; Rosenqvist, G.; Pelabon, C.] Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Endler, J. A.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia	Egset, CK (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.	camilla.k.egset@gmail.com	Endler, John/B-6659-2009; Bolstad, Geir H./K-3631-2014	Endler, John/0000-0002-7557-7627; Bolstad, Geir H./0000-0003-1356-8239	The National Science Foundation (USA); Research Council of Norway [166869/V40, 196434/V40]	The authors would like to thank Tonje Aronsen, Anders G. Finstad, Thomas F. Hansen, Line K. Larsen, Irja Ratikainen, Grethe Robertsen, Kjetil Lysne Voje, Russell Bonduriansky and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Anders G. Finstad and Ivar Herfindal helped with statistical issues and R. The National Science Foundation (USA) supported J. A. Endler's work collecting data at Trinidad. The Research Council of Norway supported this project (projects 166869/V40 and 196434/V40). All field work was carried out with the approval of the Trinidadian government at the time.	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Evol. Biol.	DEC	2011	24	12					2631	2638		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02387.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	856KS	WOS:000297639600009	21955207	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Dijkstra, PD; Wiegertjes, GF; Forlenza, M; van der Sluijs, I; Hofmann, HA; Metcalfe, NB; Groothuis, TGG				Dijkstra, P. D.; Wiegertjes, G. F.; Forlenza, M.; van der Sluijs, I.; Hofmann, H. A.; Metcalfe, N. B.; Groothuis, T. G. G.			The role of physiology in the divergence of two incipient cichlid species	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						11-Ketotestosterone; carotenoids; cichlid; immune function; male-male competition; oxidative stress; steroid; teleost; testosterone	MALE-MALE COMPETITION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; LAKE-VICTORIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR	Sexual selection on male coloration has been implicated in the evolution of colourful species flocks of East African cichlid fish. During adaptive radiations, animals diverge in multiple phenotypic traits, but the role of physiology has received limited attention. Here, we report how divergence in physiology may contribute to the stable coexistence of two hybridizing incipient species of cichlid fish from Lake Victoria. Males of Pundamilia nyererei (males are red) tend to defeat those of Pundamilia pundamilia (males are blue), yet the two sibling species coexist in nature. It has been suggested that red males bear a physiological cost that might offset their dominance advantage. We tested the hypothesis that the two species differ in oxidative stress levels and immune function and that this difference is correlated with differences in circulating steroid levels. We manipulated the social context and found red males experienced significantly higher oxidative stress levels than blue males, but only in a territorial context when colour and aggression are maximally expressed. Red males exhibited greater aggression levels and lower humoral immune response than blue males, but no detectable difference in steroid levels. Red males appear to trade off increased aggressiveness with physiological costs, contributing to the coexistence of the two species. Correlated divergence in colour, behaviour and physiology might be widespread in the dramatically diverse cichlid radiations in East African lakes and may play a crucial role in the remarkably rapid speciation of these fish.	[Dijkstra, P. D.; Hofmann, H. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Dijkstra, P. D.; Groothuis, T. G. G.] Univ Groningen, Behav Biol Res Grp, Haren, Netherlands; [Dijkstra, P. D.; Metcalfe, N. B.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; [Wiegertjes, G. F.; Forlenza, M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen Inst Anim Sci, Cell Biol & Immunol Grp, Dept Anim Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands; [van der Sluijs, I.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada; [Hofmann, H. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA	Dijkstra, PD (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA.	pddijkstra@gmail.com	Wiegertjes, Geert/E-3330-2012; Metcalfe, Neil/C-5997-2009; Forlenza, Maria/O-2683-2014	Metcalfe, Neil/0000-0002-1970-9349; Forlenza, Maria/0000-0001-9026-7320; Hofmann, Hans/0000-0002-3335-330X	Dutch government; Fisheries Society of the British Isles; EU; NWO (SLW)	We thank Roelie Veenstra-Wiegman, Sjoerd Veenstra, Monique Huizinga and Sara Schaafsma for their assistance with fish care. We are very grateful to Anja Taverne-Thiele, Bernd Riedstra and Simon Verhulst for help with the immune assay, and Winnie Boner for help with the oxidative stress assays. We thank Celeste Kidd and Lin Huffman for technical assistance with the hormone assays. Lauren O'Connell, Martine Maan, Anne Peters and Ole Seehausen provided useful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank Thomas Flatt and three anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. The research was supported by a Rubicon grant from the Dutch government, a Fisheries Society of the British Isles Research grant and an EU (International Outgoing Marie Curie fellowship) to P.D.D., and a NWO (SLW) grant to T.G.G. The research was carried out with an animal experiment licence (DEC 3137 and DEC 4335A) from Groningen University and complied with current laws in The Netherlands.	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J., 1979, P AM PHILOS SOC, V51, P222; WINGFIELD JC, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P829, DOI 10.1086/285134; Witte-Maas E., 1985, HAPLOCHROMIS NYERERE; Zera AJ, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P95, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006; Zera AJ, 2007, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V38, P793, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095615	91	25	25	0	34	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	DEC	2011	24	12					2639	2652		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02389.x				14	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	856KS	WOS:000297639600010	21955260				2019-02-21	
J	Dorn, A; Ng'oma, E; Janko, K; Reichwald, K; Polacik, M; Platzer, M; Cellerino, A; Reichard, M				Dorn, A.; Ng'oma, E.; Janko, K.; Reichwald, K.; Polacik, M.; Platzer, M.; Cellerino, A.; Reichard, M.			Phylogeny, genetic variability and colour polymorphism of an emerging animal model: The short-lived annual Nothobranchius fishes from southern Mozambique	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Ageing; Allopatric speciation; Cyprinodontiformes; Killifish; Life history; Mozambique	AFRICAN ANNUAL KILLIFISH; SPECIES TREES; GENUS NOTHOBRANCHIUS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; AGING RESEARCH; CYPRINODONTIFORMES; FURZERI; RESTRICTION; POPULATIONS; VERTEBRATE	Nothobranchius are a group of small, extremely short-lived killifishes living in temporary savannah pools in Eastern Africa and that survive annual desiccation of their habitat as dormant eggs encased in dry mud. One mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear (CX32.2, GHITM, PNP) loci were used to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of Nothobranchius species from southern and central Mozambique. This group shows marked variation in captive lifespan at both the inter- and intraspecific levels; lifespan varies from a few months to over a year. As their distribution encompasses a steep gradient between semi-arid and humid habitats, resulting in contrasting selection pressures on evolution of lifespan and associated life history traits, Mozambican Nothobranchius spp. have recently become a model group in studies of ageing, age-related disorders and life history evolution. Consequently, intraspecific genetic variation and male colour morph distribution was also examined in the recovered clades. Using Bayesian species tree reconstruction and single loci analyses, three large clades were apparent and their phylogenetic substructure was revealed at the inter- and intra-specific levels within those clades. The Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius orthonotus clades were strongly geographically structured. Further, it was demonstrated that male colour has no phylogenetic signal in N. furzeri, where colour morphs are sympatric, but is associated with two reciprocally monophyletic groups in Nothobranchius rachovii clade, where colour morphs are parapatric. Finally, our analysis showed that a polymorphism in the Melanocortin I receptor gene (which controls pigmentation in many vertebrates and was a candidate gene of male colouration in N. furzeri) is unrelated to colour phenotypes of the study species. Our results raise significant implications for future comparative studies of the species and populations analysed in the present work. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Polacik, M.; Reichard, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic; [Dorn, A.; Ng'oma, E.; Reichwald, K.; Platzer, M.; Cellerino, A.] Fritz Lipmann Inst, Leibniz Inst Age Res, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Janko, K.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic; [Cellerino, A.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy	Reichard, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Kvetna 8, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic.	adorn@fli-leibniz.de; enoch@fli-leibniz.de; janko@iapg.cas.cz; kathrinr@fli-leibniz.de; polaci-k@ivb.cz; mplatzer@fli-leibniz.de; a.cellerino@sns.it; reichard@ivb.cz	Polacik, Matej/A-8260-2010; Reichard, Martin/C-6563-2009; Cellerino, Alessandro/M-9380-2013	Cellerino, Alessandro/0000-0003-3834-0097; Ng'oma, Enoch/0000-0002-6741-7922	Czech Science Foundation [206/09/0814]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [IRP IAPG AVOZ 50450515,]; Leibniz Graduate School on Ageing and Age-Related Diseases (LGSA)	Financial support for this study was provided by Czech Science Foundation project No. 206/09/0814 (MR, KJ, MP), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Grant IRP IAPG AVOZ 50450515, and Leibniz Graduate School on Ageing and Age-Related Diseases (LGSA). All fieldwork complied with the legal regulations of Mozambique (collection permit 154/II/2009/DARPPE and sample export permit 049MP00518-A/09 of the Mozambican Ministry of Fisheries). We thank Kathleen Seitz, Tom Hofmann, Eileen Powalsky and Heike Harzer for expert technical assistance.	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R., 2009, J AM KILLIFISH ASS, V42, P37; Webb SA, 2004, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V30, P527, DOI 10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00257-4; Widlund HR, 2003, ONCOGENE, V22, P3035, DOI 10.1038/sj.onc.1206443; WILDEKAMP RH, 2004, WORLD KILLIES ATLAS, V4; WILGENBUSCH J.C., 2004, AWTY SYSTEM GRAPHICA; Wood T., 2000, BKA KILLI NEWS, V2000, P105	52	30	30	1	27	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	1055-7903	1095-9513		MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL	Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.	DEC	2011	61	3					739	749		10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.010				11	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	852WG	WOS:000297387600013	21708276				2019-02-21	
J	Kaila, L; Mutanen, M; Nyman, T				Kaila, Lauri; Mutanen, Marko; Nyman, Tommi			Phylogeny of the mega-diverse Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera): Adaptations and determinants of success	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Phylogeny; Adaptive radiation; Diversification; Gelechioidea; Speciation rates; Feeding modes	HOST-PLANT ASSOCIATIONS; COLEOPHORIDAE; GLYPHIDOCERA; ELACHISTIDAE; CHARACTERS; EVOLUTION; RADIATION; PATTERNS; INSECTA	The Gelechioidea, with 18,000 described and many more unnamed species ranks among the most diverse lepidopteran superfamilies. Nevertheless, their taxonomy has remained largely unresolved, and phylogenetic affinities among gelechioid families and lower taxa have been insufficiently understood. We constructed, for the first time, a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Gelechioidea. We sampled seven genes, in total 5466 base pairs, of 109 gelechioid taxa representing 32 of 37 recognized subfamilies, and two outgroup taxa. We used maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian inference to construct phylogenetic trees. We found that the families Autostichidae, Lecithoceridae, Xyloryctidae, and Oecophoridae s. str., in this order, are the most basally arising clades. Elachistidae s. I. was found to be paraphyletic, with families such as Gelechiidae and Cosmopterigidae nested within it, and Parametriotinae associated with several families previously considered unrelated to them. Using the phylogenetic trees, we examined patterns of life history evolution and determinants of the success of different lineages. Gelechioids express unusually wide variability in life-history strategies, including herbivorous, saprophagous, fungivorous, and carnivorous lineages. Most species are highly specialized in diet and other life history traits. The results suggest that either saprophagy was the ancestral feeding strategy from which herbivory evolved independently on multiple occasions, or that the ancestor was herbivorous with repeated origins of saprophagy. External feeding is an ancestral trait from which internal feeding evolved independently several times. In terms of species number, saprophages are dominant in Australia, while elsewhere several phytophagous lineages have extensively specialized and diversified. Internal feeding has remained a somewhat less generally adopted feeding mode, although in a few lineages significant radiations of leaf mining species have occurred. We conclude that diverse feeding modes, specialization among saprophages, repeated shifts to phytophagy, and a generally high specialization rate on single plant species (monophagy) are the major factors behind the success of the Gelechioidea. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Kaila, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Mutanen, Marko] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Zool Museum, Oulu 90014, Finland; [Nyman, Tommi] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland	Kaila, L (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, POB 17, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.	lauri.kaila@helsinki.fi; marko.mutanen@oulu.fi; tommi.nyman@uef.fi		Kaila, Lauri/0000-0003-0277-1872	NSF [531769]; Finnish Academy [1110906]	We are indebted to all people who provided us with invaluable material of often rare taxa: Sibyl Bucheli, Lyle Buss, Glenn Cocking, Sami Haapala, Robert Hoare, Juhani Itamies, Urmas Jurivete, Jari-Pekka Kaitila, Ole Karsholt, Jaakko Kullberg, Jean-Francois Landry, Tomi Mutanen, Kari Nupponen, Steven Passoa, Olle Pellmyr, Jani Raitanen, Panu Valimaki, Hugo van der Wolf, Andy Young and Andreas Zwick. Notable additions were obtained from the LepTree project collections (headed by Charles Mitten, US NSF award #531769) and the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). We thank Niklas Wahlberg and Carlos Pena for providing us with a workbench for sequence handling. Laura Tormala did excellent work in the laboratory, for which we are very grateful. Marianna Teravainen checked the language. Maria Heikkila and two anonymous referees gave invaluable comments to the draft. The study was financially supported by the Finnish Academy, grant #1110906 to Lauri Kaila.	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DEC	2011	61	3					801	809		10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.016				9	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	852WG	WOS:000297387600018	21903172				2019-02-21	
J	Robbins, AM; Stoinski, T; Fawcett, K; Robbins, MM				Robbins, Andrew M.; Stoinski, Tara; Fawcett, Katie; Robbins, Martha M.			Lifetime Reproductive Success of Female Mountain Gorillas	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						fitness; longevity; fertility; offspring survival; dominance; life history	BABOONS PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; LONG-TERM; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; RHESUS MACAQUES; DOMINANCE RANK; BIGHORN EWES; VITAL-RATES	Studies of lifetime reproductive success (LRS) are important for understanding population dynamics and life history strategies, yet relatively little information is available for long-lived species. This study provides a preliminary assessment of LRS among female mountain gorillas in the Virunga volcanoes region. Adult females produced an average of 3.6 +/- 2.1 surviving offspring during their lifetime, which indicates a growing population that contrasts with most other great apes. The standardized variance in LRS (variance/mean(2) = 0.34) was lower than many other mammals and birds. When we excluded the most apparent source of environmental variability (poaching), the average LRS increased to 4.3 +/- 1.8 and the standardized variance dropped in half. Adult lifespan was a greater source of variance in LRS than fertility or offspring survival. Females with higher LRS had significantly longer adult lifespans and higher dominance ranks. Results for LRS were similar to another standard fitness measurement, the individually estimated finite rate of increase (kind), but kind showed diminishing benefits for greater longevity. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:582-593, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	[Robbins, Andrew M.; Robbins, Martha M.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; [Stoinski, Tara; Fawcett, Katie] Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund Int, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA	Robbins, MM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.	robbins@eva.mpg.de			Karisoke Research Center; Max Planck Society	The Karisoke Research Center is a project of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (DFGFI). We thank the Rwandan government and national park authorities for their long-term commitment to gorilla conservation and their support of the Karisoke Research Center. We are greatly indebted to the many Karisoke field assistants and researchers for their work in collecting demographic data over the past 40 years and to Netzin Gerald Steklis for developing the demographic database and maintaining it for over a decade. We also thank the public and private agencies, foundations, and individuals that have provided support for the Karisoke Research Center over the last 4 decades. We thank Maryke Gray, the International Gorilla Conservation Program, and the Ranger Based Monitoring program for the use of the demographic data from the Susa Group. Max Planck Society provided support for data analysis and write up of the project. We are grateful to Christopher Ruff and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments about earlier versions of this manuscript.	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J. Phys. Anthropol.	DEC	2011	146	4					582	593		10.1002/ajpa.21605				12	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	851ZO	WOS:000297311600010	21989942				2019-02-21	
J	Iida, Y; Kohyama, TS; Kubo, T; Kassim, A; Poorter, L; Sterck, F; Potts, MD				Iida, Yoshiko; Kohyama, Takashi S.; Kubo, Takuya; Kassim, Abd Rahman; Poorter, Lourens; Sterck, Frank; Potts, Matthew D.			Tree architecture and life-history strategies across 200 co-occurring tropical tree species	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						allometry; hierarchical Bayesian approach; light capture; Pasoh; tropical rainforest	RAIN-FOREST TREES; MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST; SHADE TOLERANCE; ALLOMETRY; GROWTH; SIZE; TRAITS; HEIGHT; HETEROGENEITY; REGENERATION	1. Tree architecture is thought to allow species to partition horizontal and vertical light gradients in the forest canopy. Tree architecture is closely related to light capture, carbon gain and the efficiency with which trees reach the canopy. Previous studies that investigated how light gradients drive differentiation in tree architecture have produced inconsistent results, partially because of the differences in which tree species and ontogenetic stages were studied. 2. We examined the relationship between stem diameter, tree height, foliage height, crown width and life-history strategy over a broad size range of 200 randomly selected, co-occurring tree species in a lowland rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for both intra- and interspecific variation and describe the relationships among tree architectural variables. We analysed interspecific variation in tree architectural variables in relation to adult stature and light requirement for species regeneration as a function of tree size. 3. There was little interspecific variation in architectural variables, this is partly because of large intraspecific variation in response to canopy heterogeneity, but it also suggests architectural convergence within this community. However, interspecific analyses showed that, for large-statured species, small size classes had thinner stems with narrow and shallow crowns, whereas large-size classes had wider crowns. Light-demanding species (as indicated by high sapling mortality in shaded conditions) showed weak trends in tree architecture and were only characterized by wide crowns at intermediate sizes. 4. In summary, tree architectural traits overlapped across the species community. This suggests that architectural convergence and equalizing effects occur in this diverse tropical forest and that community-wide allometric equations can be used to describe forest height and carbon storage. Light resource partitioning also occurs, indicating stabilizing effects. Interspecific architectural variation in relation to adult stature supports the theory of the trade-off between early reproduction and vegetative growth. In closed rainforests, adult stature imposes a stronger force on architectural differentiation of species than regeneration light requirements.	[Iida, Yoshiko; Kohyama, Takashi S.; Kubo, Takuya] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan; [Kassim, Abd Rahman] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Malaysia; [Poorter, Lourens; Sterck, Frank] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; [Potts, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Iida, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.	yyoshiko503@gmail.com	Hashim, Mazlan/J-7291-2012; Kohyama, Takashi/A-4031-2012; Kubo, Takuya/A-3414-2012	Hashim, Mazlan/0000-0001-8284-3332; Kohyama, Takashi/0000-0001-7186-8585; Kubo, Takuya/0000-0001-6202-9624; Poorter, Lourens/0000-0003-1391-4875; Iida, Yoshiko/0000-0001-6544-0101	Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI) [19405006, 21405006]; CTFS; JSPS	We would like to acknowledge our field assistants at Pasoh, the staff of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), and Tatsuyuki Seino for helping with our field research. We also thank members of the Potts Group at UC Berkeley for constructive comments on an earlier version of this article. Helpful comments were provided by Dr. M. Tjoelker and anonymous reviewers. This study was supported by Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI; 19405006 & 21405006) and by a grant from the CTFS. Yoshiko Iida is supported by a Research Fellowship for Young Scientists and Excellent Young Researchers Overseas Visit Program from JSPS. The 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot at Pasoh is a collaborative project of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (NIES) and the CTFS-Arnold ArboretumAsia Program, Harvard University (CTFS-AA).	Aiba SI, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P611, DOI 10.2307/2960532; Bohlman S., 2006, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V22, P123; Chave J, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V145, P87, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x; Chesson P, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P343, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343; CLARK DB, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P447, DOI 10.2307/2260725; Clark JS, 2004, ECOL MONOGR, V74, P415, DOI 10.1890/02-4093; Condit R., 1998, TROPICAL FOREST CENS; Davies SJ, 1998, J ECOL, V86, P662, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00299.x; Davies SJ, 2003, PASOH: ECOLOGY OF A LOWLAND RAIN FOREST IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, P35; Davies SJ, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P1786, DOI 10.2307/2656675; Falster DS, 2005, J ECOL, V93, P521, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00992.x; Gelman A, 2003, BAYESIAN DATA ANAL; King DA, 2006, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V223, P152, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.066; King DA, 1996, J TROP ECOL, V12, P25, DOI 10.1017/S0266467400009299; Kitajima K, 2008, TROPICAL FOREST COMM, P160; Kochummen K. 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Ecol.	DEC	2011	25	6					1260	1268		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01884.x				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	849WQ	WOS:000297156500013					2019-02-21	
J	Reid, D; Armstrong, JD; Metcalfe, NB				Reid, Donald; Armstrong, John D.; Metcalfe, Neil B.			Estimated standard metabolic rate interacts with territory quality and density to determine the growth rates of juvenile Atlantic salmon	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Atlantic salmon; density; dominance; feeding territory; growth; intraspecific variation; standard metabolic rate	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; LAKE DISTRICT STREAM; BROWN TROUT; SOCIAL-STATUS; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; DEPENDENT GROWTH; BASAL-METABOLISM; BANK VOLES; BODY-MASS; SALAR	1. Physiological traits can vary greatly within a species and consequently have a significant impact on other aspects of performance. Many species exhibit substantial variation in basal or standard metabolic rate (SMR), even after controlling for body size and age, yet the ecological consequences of this are little known. 2. We examined the relationships between mass-specific SMR of yearling salmon (estimated from their ventilation rate) and their feeding and growth rates across a range of natural population densities within a semi-natural stream environment. 3. Standard metabolic rate was strongly correlated with dominance rank, and higher ranking fish were more likely to acquire good feeding territories. Despite this, there was no overall relationship between SMR and growth. We show for the first time that this paradox can be explained because within territories of a given quality, there was a negative correlation between SMR and growth rate, presumably owing to the costs of metabolism. 4. These effects were also influenced by density: lower densities led to reduced aggression and competition and hence higher average feeding and growth rates. Moreover, at low densities, where availability of good feeding locations was not limiting, there was no relationship between SMR and growth. 5. As a result of these processes, there was a context-dependent trade-off in energy budgets: the fish achieving the greatest growth were those with the lowest SMR that was necessary to achieve dominance over conspecifics (and hence acquire a good territory), but this minimum threshold SMR increased with population density. These relationships and trade-offs can explain the persistence of variation in SMR within populations.	[Reid, Donald; Metcalfe, Neil B.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Armstrong, John D.] Marine Scotland Sci, Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, Scotland	Reid, D (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.	d.reid.2@research.gla.ac.uk	Metcalfe, Neil/C-5997-2009	Metcalfe, Neil/0000-0002-1970-9349; Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2015-0500; Reid, Donald/0000-0002-6429-6328	NERC	We thank Jason Henry and Dave Stewart for help with electrofishing and Mike Miles, Steve Keay and Jim Muir for help with fish husbandry and advice. We also thank three referees and the associate editor for helpful comments on the manuscript. Donald Reid was funded by a NERC PhD studentship with CASE partner Marine Scotland.	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Ecol.	DEC	2011	25	6					1360	1367		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01894.x				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	849WQ	WOS:000297156500024		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Diamantidis, AD; Carey, JR; Nakas, CT; Papadopoulos, NT				Diamantidis, Alexandros D.; Carey, James R.; Nakas, Christos T.; Papadopoulos, Nikos T.			Population-specific demography and invasion potential in medfly	ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Biological invasions; Ceratitis capitata; Intrinsic rate of increase; Life history traits; Population growth rates	MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA LARVAE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLIES; DIVERSITY	Biological invasions are constantly gaining recognition as a significant component of global change. The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) constitutes an ideal model species for the study of biological invasions due to its (1) almost cosmopolitan geographic distribution, (2) huge economic importance, and (3) well-documented invasion history. Under a common garden experimental set up, we tested the hypothesis that medfly populations obtained from six global regions [Africa (Kenya), Pacific (Hawaii), Central America (Guatemala), South America (Brazil), Extra-Mediterranean (Portugal), and Mediterranean (Greece)] have diverged in important immature life-history traits such as preadult survival and developmental times. We also tested the hypothesis that medfly populations from the above regions exhibit different population growth rates. For this purpose, data on the life history of immatures were combined with adult survival and reproduction data derived from an earlier study in order to calculate population parameters for the above six populations. Our results clearly show that medfly populations worldwide exhibit significant differences in preadult survival, developmental rates of immatures and important population parameters such as the intrinsic rate of increase. Therefore, geographically isolated medfly populations may share different invasion potential, since population growth rates could influence basic population processes that operate mostly during the last two stages of an invasion event, such as establishment and spread. Our findings provide valuable information for designing population suppression measures and managing invasiveness of medfly populations worldwide.	[Diamantidis, Alexandros D.; Nakas, Christos T.; Papadopoulos, Nikos T.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Ionia 38446, Magnisias, Greece; [Diamantidis, Alexandros D.; Carey, James R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Papadopoulos, NT (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Phytokou St N, Ionia 38446, Magnisias, Greece.	nikopap@uth.gr	Papadopoulos, Nikos/B-9156-2011; Nakas, Christos/F-3052-2011	Papadopoulos, Nikos/0000-0003-2480-8189; Nakas, Christos/0000-0003-4155-722X	National Institute on Ageing [P01-AG022500-01, P01-AG08761-10]; Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Program	This study was supported by the National Institute on Ageing grants P01-AG022500-01 and P01-AG08761-10 awarded to James R. Carey. NTP was partially supported by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Program The authors are grateful to P. Rendon (ARS USDA, Guatemela), D. McInnis and R. Vargas (USDA, Hawaii), A. Malavasi (Mosca Fruit, Brazil), B. Paranhos (Emprapa, Brazil), L. Dantas (Madeira), C. Caceres (IAEA, Vienna), and S. Ekesi (ICIPE, Kenya) for providing wild material. Comments from three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of this paper.	ANDOW DA, 1990, LANDSCAPE ECOL, V4, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF00132860; Boller E. F., 1985, HDB INSECT REARING, V2, P135; Bonizzoni M, 2004, MOL ECOL, V13, P3845, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02371.x; Bonizzoni M, 2000, INSECT MOL BIOL, V9, P251, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00184.x; Carey J. 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Evol.	DEC	2011	1	4								10.1002/ece3.33				10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	055TV	WOS:000312441500004	22393516	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Scarabotti, PA; Lopez, JA; Pouilly, M				Scarabotti, Pablo A.; Lopez, Javier A.; Pouilly, Marc			Flood pulse and the dynamics of fish assemblage structure from neotropical floodplain lakes	ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH			English	Article						Parana River Basin; determinism; Argentina; hydrological connectivity; lowland rivers	PARANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; TROPICAL RIVER; COMMUNITY; MACROPHYTES; HABITATS; SCALE; BASIN	The dynamics of fish assemblages from seven floodplain lakes of Salado River (Argentina) was monthly analysed during two contrasting hydrological seasons. Partial canonical correspondence analysis indicated that assemblage structure was predictably linked to environmental characteristics that varied along temporal and spatial scales. Species distributed differentially along an environmental gradient of temperature, hydrometric level, conductivity, macrophyte cover and transparency in relation to their sensory capabilities (following piscivory-transparency-morphometry model) and life history strategies. During high water season, assemblages were associated with temperature and hydrometric level, factors which varied mainly across temporal scales and exhibit a regional range of action. During low waters, assemblage structure correlated with macrophyte cover and transparency, factors that varied fundamentally on spatial scales and have local impact. These results indicate that the determinism of fish assemblages does not vary substantially between hydrometric periods, although the environmental variables affecting fish assemblages and their scale of action are clearly different.	[Scarabotti, Pablo A.; Lopez, Javier A.] Inst Nacl Limnol CONICET UNL, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; [Scarabotti, Pablo A.; Lopez, Javier A.] Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Humanidades & Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Nat, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; [Pouilly, Marc] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Inst Rech Dev, UMR BOREA, F-75231 Paris, France	Scarabotti, PA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Limnol CONICET UNL, Paraje El Pozo S-N, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.	pscarabotti@gmail.com	Pouilly, Marc/E-9119-2014; ANIKUZHIYIL, ANISH/Y-8609-2018	Pouilly, Marc/0000-0003-4209-3367; ANIKUZHIYIL, ANISH/0000-0001-9686-1283; Lopez, Javier Alejandro/0000-0002-5156-6915	Instituto Nacional de Limnologia; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas of Argentina (CONICET)	de Limnologia, especially Esteban Creus, Eduardo Lordi, Ramon Regner for the collaboration with the fieldwork. Arturo Kehr kindly shared laboratory facilities and suggestions for statistical analysis. We thank Cedric Hubas (MNHN, Paris), Romina Ghirardi (INALI, Santa Fe) and three anonymous reviewers for the critical reading of the manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by the Instituto Nacional de Limnologia and by postdoctoral fellowships of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas of Argentina (CONICET) to Pablo A. Scarabotti and Javier A. Lopez.	Agostinho AA, 2000, BIODIVERSITY IN WETLANDS: ASSESSMENT, FUNCTION AND CONSERVATION, VOL 1, P89; Anderson M.J., 1998, AUSTR J ECOLOGY, V23, P167; Arratia G., 2003, CATFISHES; Arrington DA, 2006, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V25, P126, DOI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[126:HATSFP]2.0.CO;2; Arrington DA, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V144, P157, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0014-7; De Paggi SB, 2008, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V93, P659, DOI 10.1002/iroh.200711027; Bell G, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P606, DOI 10.1086/303345; Bonetto A. A., 1969, Physis Buenos Aires, V29, P213; Bonetto A. 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J	Brown, FD; D'Anna, I; Sommer, RJ				Brown, Federico D.; D'Anna, Isabella; Sommer, Ralf J.			Host-finding behaviour in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						ambush; behavioural genetics; body-waving; host attachment; nictation; Pristionchus pacificus	CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; DAUER LARVA; C-ELEGANS; PARASITIC NEMATODE; PHYMATA-AMERICANA; SEARCH STRATEGIES; DEVELOPMENTAL AGE; JUMPING BEHAVIOR	Costs and benefits of foraging have been studied in predatory animals. In nematodes, ambushing or cruising behaviours represent adaptations that optimize foraging strategies for survival and host finding. A behaviour associated with host finding of ambushing nematode dauer juveniles is a sit-and-wait behaviour, otherwise known as nictation. Here, we test the function of nictation by relating occurrence of nictation in Pristionchus pacificus dauer juveniles to the ability to attach to laboratory host Galleria mellonella. We used populations of recently isolated and mutagenized laboratory strains. We found that nictation can be disrupted using a classical forward genetic approach and characterized two novel nictation-defective mutant strains. We identified two recently isolated strains from la Reunion island, one with a higher proportion of nictating individuals than the laboratory strain P. pacificus PS312. We found a positive correlation between nictation frequencies and host attachment in these strains. Taken together, our combination of genetic analyses with natural variation studies presents a new approach to the investigation of behavioural and ecological functionality. We show that nictation behaviour in P. pacificus nematodes serves as a host-finding behaviour. Our results suggest that nictation plays a role in the evolution of new life-history strategies, such as the evolution of parasitism.	[Brown, Federico D.; D'Anna, Isabella; Sommer, Ralf J.] Max Planck Inst Dev Biol, Dept Evolutionary Biol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany	Brown, FD (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Apartado Aereo 4976, Bogota, Colombia.	fd.brown46@uniandes.edu.co	Brown, Federico/B-2035-2013	Brown, Federico/0000-0001-9250-5011	Max Planck Society; DAAD	We thank Dr Robbie Rae for the S. carpocapsae dauers and helpful discussions. We thank Dr Akira Ogawa for ideas and suggestions and Dr Dan Bumbarger for discussion. We are grateful to Metta Riebesell for help on the figures and movies; Simone Kienle for providing the 'high nictators'; and Andreas Weller for help on initial beetle attachment experiments, as well as for help on the 'wet-plate' dauer induction protocol. We thank Dr Erik Ragsdale for comments on this manuscript. We are grateful to Dr Andrew Crawford at the U. de los Andes for assistance on the statistics, and Dr Andrew Brown at Becker Underwood, UK, for supplying Steinernema and Phasmarhabditis nematodes. Thanks to Monica Rodriguez and Diego Rubio for proof-reading the manuscript. Funds for research came from the Max Planck Society, and a three month DAAD Study and Research Fellowship granted to F.D.B.	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NOV 7	2011	278	1722					3260	3269		10.1098/rspb.2011.0129				10	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	824OG	WOS:000295210800014	21411455	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Castellano, S; Cadeddu, G				Castellano, Sergio; Cadeddu, Giorgia			Does quality affect growth rate and age at maturity in species with indeterminate growth?	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						amphibian; game theory; life-history theory; lifetime reproductive success; mate choice; sexual selection; skeletochronology	SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BODY-SIZE; RANA-TEMPORARIA; NATURAL-SELECTION; BUFO-VIRIDIS; ALLOCATION; PLASTICITY; TREEFROG; TRAITS	Background: Life-history theory uses optimality models to predict among-population variation in age and size at first reproduction. To predict within-population variation in these traits, however, models should take into account the frequency-dependent effects of life-history strategies. Hypotheses: Growth rate costs that differ between individuals according to their quality are responsible for variation in life-history traits within a population. Theory incorporating such different costs will predict aspects of age and body size among male Tyrrhenian tree frogs, Hyla sarda (Anura: Hylidae), in a wild population. Mathematical method: Two-player, non-zero-sum game. Key assumptions: Growth is biphasic and decreases after sexual maturity. Males vary in their size and age at first reproduction. Growth imposes different survival costs on higher- and lower-quality males. Males of either higher or lower quality can choose to grow fast or slow, and to reach maturity early or late. Independent of their quality, larger males experience higher mating success. Theoretical predictions: Higher-quality males should grow faster than lower-quality males. Faster-growing males should mature sooner than slower-growing males. Field method: We measured the age and the body size of two groups of reproductive males: males that were first captured at the breeding site in 2007 and recaptured in 2008 (recaptured males), and males that were first captured in 2008 (newly captured males). Result: As predicted, recaptured males were larger than newly captured males of both the 2008 and 2007 age classes.	[Castellano, Sergio; Cadeddu, Giorgia] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, I-10123 Turin, Italy	Castellano, S (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, Via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10123 Turin, Italy.	sergio.castellano@unito.it					BERNARDO J, 1994, AM NAT, V143, P14, DOI 10.1086/285594; Billerbeck JM, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P210, DOI 10.1007/PL00008848; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; Brown CR, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02027.x; Cadeddu G, 2012, J ZOOL, V286, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00878.x; Castellano S, 1999, J ZOOL, V248, P83, DOI 10.1017/S0952836999005099; Castellano S, 2004, COPEIA, P659, DOI 10.1643/CE-03-182R2; Castellano S, 2011, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V23, P329, DOI 10.1080/03949370.2011.575801; Castellano S, 2009, ANIM BEHAV, V77, P213, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.08.035; Castellano S, 2009, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V63, P1109, DOI 10.1007/s00265-009-0756-z; Day T, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P338, DOI 10.1086/338989; Dmitriew CM, 2011, BIOL REV, V86, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00136.x; Dowling DK, 2009, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V276, P1737, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2008.1791; FRANCILLON H, 1985, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V300, P327; Friedl TWP, 2005, ANIM BEHAV, V70, P1141, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.01.01; GJERDE B, 1989, AQUACULTURE, V80, P25, DOI 10.1016/0044-8486(89)90271-8; GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80088-8; HOWARD RD, 1978, EVOLUTION, V32, P850, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb04639.x; Johansson F, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1857, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1857:LHPIAD]2.0.CO;2; Johnstone Rufus A., 1997, P155; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; Lardner B, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V137, P541, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1390-5; Laugen AT, 2005, GENET RES, V86, P161, DOI 10.1017/S0016672305007810; Laugen AT, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P996, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00560.x; Laurila A, 2008, ECOLOGY, V89, P1399, DOI 10.1890/07-1521.1; Mangel M, 2005, AM NAT, V166, pE155, DOI 10.1086/444439; McElligott AG, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P266, DOI 10.1007/s002650000293; Miller BLW, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P1554, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01331.x; Morey S, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1736, DOI 10.2307/177320; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; PARTRIDGE L, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P213, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01211.x; Reznick DN, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1651, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03937.x; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROGERS KL, 1994, J HERPETOL, V28, P133, DOI 10.2307/1564611; Rosa CE, 2008, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B, V149, P209, DOI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.09.010; Rosso A, 2005, EVOL ECOL, V18, P303, DOI 10.1007/s10682-004-0925-5; Scott DE, 2007, OECOLOGIA, V153, P521, DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0755-6; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stock M, 2008, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V49, P1019, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.029; Swain DP, 2007, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V274, P1015, DOI 10.1098/rapb.2006.0275; Thomas L.C., 1984, THEORY APPL; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Vargas-Salinas F, 2006, AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, V27, P419, DOI 10.1163/156853806778189936; Vindenes Y, 2008, AM NAT, V171, P455, DOI 10.1086/528965	44	0	0	0	12	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613	1937-3791		EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	NOV	2011	13	8					797	812						16	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	978TS	WOS:000306769300003					2019-02-21	
J	Fontaine, JJ; Arriero, E; Schwabl, H; Martin, TE				Fontaine, Joseph J.; Arriero, Elena; Schwabl, Hubert; Martin, Thomas E.			NEST PREDATION AND CIRCULATING CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS WITHIN AND AMONG SPECIES	CONDOR			English	Article						calendar effect; corticosterone; life history; nest predation; parental care	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; STRESS-RESPONSE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; CLUTCH SIZE; TRADE-OFFS; BIRDS; RISK; FOOD	Variation in the risk of predation to offspring can influence the expression of reproductive strategies both within and among species. Appropriate expression of reproductive strategies in environments that differ in predation risk can have clear advantages for fitness. Although adult-predation risk appears to influence glucocorticosteroid levels, leading to changes in behavioral and life-history strategies, the influence of offspring-predation risk on adult glucocorticosteroid levels remains unclear. We compared total baseline corticosteronc concentrations in Gray-headed Juncos (Junco hyemalis dorsalis) nesting on plots with and without experimentally reduced risk of nest predation. Despite differences in risk between treatments, we failed to find differences in total baseline corticosterone concentrations. When we examined corticosterone concentrations across a suite of sympatric species, however, higher risk of nest predation correlated with higher total baseline corticosterone levels. As found previously, total baseline corticosterone was negatively correlated with body condition and positively correlated with date of sampling. However, we also found that corticosterone levels increased seasonally, independent of stage of breeding. Nest predation can alter the expression of birds' reproductive strategies, but our findings suggest that total baseline corticosterone is not the physiological mechanism regulating these responses.	[Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Fontaine, Joseph J.; Arriero, Elena] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Schwabl, Hubert] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA	Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.	jfontaine2@unl.edu	Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Evolution and Conservation Biology, UCM Group/K-9382-2014; Arriero, Elena/J-8224-2016	Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Arriero, Elena/0000-0003-4230-6537	U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; University of Montana; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute; National Science Foundation [DEB-9527318, DEB-9707598, DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178]; American Ornithologists' Union and Sigma Xi; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science	We thank K. Decker, B. Heidinger, A. Chalfoun, D. Emlen, R. Fletcher, J. Maron, D. Reznick, and a multitude of anonymous reviewers for comments and support, and M. Martel, R. Laws, and numerous field assistants for their hard work. We also thank C. Taylor and the Coconino National Forest staff for their support, as well as G. Witmer and the National Wildlife Research Center for the use of their equipment. The Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement of the U.S. Geological Survey; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; the University of Montana; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This work was supported by funding to TEM from the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate Change Research Program and the National Science Foundation (DEB-9527318, DEB-9707598, DEB-9981527 and DEB-0543178), funding to JJF from the American Ornithologists' Union and Sigma Xi, and funding to EA from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.	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J	Stephenson, NL; van Mantgem, PJ; Bunn, AG; Bruner, H; Harmon, ME; O'Connell, KB; Urban, DL; Franklin, JF				Stephenson, Nathan L.; van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Bunn, Andrew G.; Bruner, Howard; Harmon, Mark E.; O'Connell, Kari B.; Urban, Dean L.; Franklin, Jerry F.			Causes and implications of the correlation between forest productivity and tree mortality rates	ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS			English	Article						competition; consumer controls; forest dynamics; functional traits; life-history trade-offs; net primary productivity; permanent sample plots; plant enemies; temperate forest; tree growth; tree mortality; tropical forest	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; MOIST TROPICAL FOREST; LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST; WOOD DECOMPOSITION RATES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; OLD-GROWTH; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION	At global and regional scales, tree mortality rates are positively correlated with forest net primary productivity (NPP). Yet causes of the correlation are unknown, in spite of potentially profound implications for our understanding of environmental controls of forest structure and dynamics and, more generally, our understanding of broad-scale environmental controls of population dynamics and ecosystem processes. Here we seek to shed light on the causes of geographic patterns in tree mortality rates, and we consider some implications of the positive correlation between mortality rates and NPP. To reach these ends, we present seven hypotheses potentially explaining the correlation, develop an approach to help distinguish among the hypotheses, and apply the approach in a case study comparing a tropical and temperate forest. Based on our case study and literature synthesis, we conclude that no single mechanism controls geographic patterns of tree mortality rates. At least four different mechanisms may be at play, with the dominant mechanisms depending on whether the underlying productivity gradients are caused by climate or soil fertility. Two of the mechanisms are consequences of environmental selection for certain combinations of life-history traits, reflecting trade-offs between growth and defense (along edaphic productivity gradients) and between reproduction and persistence (as manifested in the adult tree stature continuum along climatic and edaphic gradients). The remaining two mechanisms are consequences of environmental influences on the nature and strength of ecological interactions: competition (along edaphic gradients) and pressure from plant enemies (along climatic gradients). For only one of these four mechanisms, competition, can high mortality rates be considered to be a relatively direct consequence of high NPP. The remaining mechanisms force us to adopt a different view of causality, in which tree growth rates and probability of mortality can vary with at least a degree of independence along productivity gradients. In many cases, rather than being a direct cause of high mortality rates, NPP may remain high in spite of high mortality rates. The independent influence of plant enemies and other factors helps explain why forest biomass can show little correlation, or even negative correlation, with forest NPP.	[Stephenson, Nathan L.; van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA; [Bunn, Andrew G.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Bruner, Howard; Harmon, Mark E.; O'Connell, Kari B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Urban, Dean L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA; [Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA	Stephenson, NL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway Unit 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.	nstephenson@usgs.gov		Bunn, Andrew/0000-0001-9027-2162	NSF [DEB-0218088]; Wind River Canopy Crane Program [PNW 08-DG-11261952-488]; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; U.S. National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. National Science Foundation; Center for Tropical Forest Science; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Mellon Foundation; Celera Foundation	We thank Jerome Chave, David Clark, Phyllis Coley, Richard Condit, Adrian Das, Monica Geber, Jon Keeley, Andrew Larson, Egbert Leigh, Jr., David Peterson, Catherine Pfister, Douglas Sheil, Mark Swanson, Steven Voelker, and several anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions or comments on manuscript drafts. Rick Condit kindly supplied information to facilitate analysis of the BCI data. Special thanks are due to Julie Yee for insightful statistical advice, Gody Spycher for substantial contributions to data management and quality control, and Adrian Das for conducting some analyses. We especially offer deep thanks to the hundreds of people who have established and maintained the forest plots and their associated databases. Data from Oregon and Washington were funded through NSF's Long-term Studies Program (DEB-0218088), the Wind River Canopy Crane Program through cooperative agreement PNW 08-DG-11261952-488 with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, various awards through the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Program. Data from California were funded through a number of awards from the U.S. National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The Forest Dynamics Plot at Barro Colorado Island (BCI) has been made possible through 15 U.S. National Science Foundation grants to Stephen P. Hubbell, and generous support from the Center for Tropical Forest Science, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the Celera Foundation, and numerous private individuals. The BCI plot is part of the Center for Tropical Forest Science, a global network of large-scale forest plots. This paper is a contribution from the Western Mountain Initiative, a USGS global change research project, and CORFOR, the Cordillera Forest Dynamics Network.	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J	Glazier, DS; Butler, EM; Lombardi, SA; Deptola, TJ; Reese, AJ; Satterthwaite, EV				Glazier, Douglas S.; Butler, Eric M.; Lombardi, Sara A.; Deptola, Travis J.; Reese, Andrew J.; Satterthwaite, Erin V.			Ecological effects on metabolic scaling: amphipod responses to fish predators in freshwater springs	ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS			English	Article						allometric scaling; Amphipoda; body mass and composition; cell size and number; Cottus cognatus; exoskeleton; fish predators; freshwater springs; Gammarus minus; growth; metabolic rate	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GAMMARUS-MINUS; BODY-SIZE; GENERAL-MODEL; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MECHANISTIC BASIS; ONTOGENIC GROWTH; HYALELLA-AZTECA; 3/4-POWER LAW; COMPOUND EYES	Metabolic rate is commonly thought to scale with body mass to the 3/4 power as a result of universal body design constraints. However, recent comparative work has shown that the metabolic-scaling slope may vary significantly among species and higher taxa, apparently in response to different lifestyles and ecological conditions, though the precise mechanisms involved are not well understood. To better understand these underappreciated ecological effects and their causes, it is important to control for extraneous phylogenetic and environmental influences. We demonstrate how this may be done by comparing the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate among populations of the same species (the amphipod Gammarus minus) in mid-Appalachian freshwater springs with similar, relatively constant environmental conditions, except for the varying presence of the predatory fish Cottus cognatus. We found that populations of G. minus exhibit significantly lower metabolic-scaling slopes (0.54-0.62) in three freshwater springs with C. cognatus than in two springs without these fish (0.76-0.77). We tested multiple hypothetical causes for these population differences. Our results best supported the hypothesis that metabolic scaling was influenced by the effects of size-selective predation on the ontogeny of growth, a metabolically expensive process. The body size scaling of growth is significantly less steep in the populations inhabiting springs with vs. without fish, thus paralleling the interpopulation differences in metabolic scaling. Prematurational growth of G. minus is as high or higher in the fish springs, whereas postmaturational growth is significantly lower, often approaching zero. Similarly, the amphipods in the fish springs tend to have higher metabolic rates at small sizes, but lower metabolic rates at large sizes, compared to those in the fishless springs. Our results do not support other hypothetical causes of the interpopulation variation in metabolic scaling, including differential scaling of cell size or low-metabolism body components (fat and mineralized exoskeleton), or possible effects of other environmental factors associated with the presence of fish. However, fish-induced population differences in adult behavioral activity may influence metabolic scaling in G. minus, a possibility under current study. We conclude that ecological factors may significantly influence metabolic scaling, contrary to common belief.	[Glazier, Douglas S.; Butler, Eric M.; Lombardi, Sara A.; Deptola, Travis J.; Reese, Andrew J.; Satterthwaite, Erin V.] Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA	Glazier, DS (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA.	glazier@juniata.edu			Kresge Foundation; William J. von Liebig Foundation	We thank N. W. Pelkey and T. L. Righetti for help with the statistical analyses; J. J. Borrelli, J. Doughty, and M. T. Horne for field and laboratory assistance; R. N. Finn for suggesting that we should examine the allometry of exoskeleton mass; D. Christian, R. D. Morningstar, J. Painter, the Petersburg Borough and the MeadWestvaco Corporation for access to their springs; and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by grants from the Kresge Foundation and William J. von Liebig Foundation awarded to Juniata College.	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Monogr.	NOV	2011	81	4					599	618		10.1890/11-0264.1				20	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	867XP	WOS:000298488400004					2019-02-21	
J	Yates, AJ; Van Baalen, M; Antia, R				Yates, Andrew J.; Van Baalen, Minus; Antia, Rustom			Virus Replication Strategies and the Critical CTL Numbers Required for the Control of Infection	PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY			English	Article							SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TARGET-CELLS; ANTIGEN TRANSPORT; RHESUS MACAQUES; HIV; LYMPHOCYTES; MEMORY	Vaccines that elicit protective cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may improve on or augment those designed primarily to elicit antibody responses. However, we have little basis for estimating the numbers of CTL required for sterilising immunity at an infection site. To address this we begin with a theoretical estimate obtained from measurements of CTL surveillance rates and the growth rate of a virus. We show how this estimate needs to be modified to account for (i) the dynamics of CTL-infected cell conjugates, and (ii) features of the virus lifecycle in infected cells. We show that provided the inoculum size of the virus is low, the dynamics of CTL-infected cell conjugates can be ignored, but knowledge of virus life-histories is required for estimating critical thresholds of CTL densities. We show that accounting for virus replication strategies increases estimates of the minimum density of CTL required for immunity over those obtained with the canonical model of virus dynamics, and demonstrate that this modeling framework allows us to predict and compare the ability of CTL to control viruses with different life history strategies. As an example we predict that lytic viruses are more difficult to control than budding viruses when net reproduction rates and infected cell lifetimes are controlled for. Further, we use data from acute SIV infection in rhesus macaques to calculate a lower bound on the density of CTL that a vaccine must generate to control infection at the entry site. We propose that critical CTL densities can be better estimated either using quantitative models incorporating virus life histories or with in vivo assays using virus-infected cells rather than peptide-pulsed targets.	[Yates, Andrew J.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA; [Van Baalen, Minus] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, UMR Ecol & Evolut 7625, Paris, France; [Antia, Rustom] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA	Yates, AJ (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.	andrew.yates@einstein.yu.edu; rustom.antia@emory.edu	van Baalen, Minus/J-9285-2012		National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01AI093870, R01AI049334]	The National Institutes of Health provided support (NIH grants R01AI093870 to Andrew Yates, R01AI049334 to Rustom Antia). 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Biol.	NOV	2011	7	11							e1002274	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002274				9	Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	851JG	WOS:000297263700024	22125483	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Gonzalez-Voyer, A; Kolm, N				Gonzalez-Voyer, A.; Kolm, N.			Rates of phenotypic evolution of ecological characters and sexual traits during the Tanganyikan cichlid adaptive radiation	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						adaptation; habitat; phenotypic evolution; rate of evolution; sexual dimorphism; Tanganyikan cichlid	PHYLOGENETIC COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; LAKE VICTORIA; MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; FISH RADIATIONS; COLOR PATTERNS; PARENTAL CARE	Theory suggests that sexual traits evolve faster than ecological characters. However, characteristics of a species niche may also influence evolution of sexual traits. Hence, a pending question is whether ecological characters and sexual traits present similar tempo and mode of evolution during periods of rapid ecological divergence, such as adaptive radiation. Here, we use recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods to analyse the temporal dynamics of evolution for ecological and sexual traits in Tanganyikan cichlids. Our results indicate that whereas disparity in ecological characters was concentrated early in the radiation, disparity in sexual traits remained high throughout the radiation. Thus, closely related Tanganyikan cichlids presented higher disparity in sexual traits than ecological characters. Sexual traits were also under stronger selection than ecological characters. In sum, our results suggest that ecological characters and sexual traits present distinct evolutionary patterns, and that sexual traits can evolve faster than ecological characters, even during adaptive radiation.	[Gonzalez-Voyer, A.; Kolm, N.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [Gonzalez-Voyer, A.] Estn Biol Donana EBD CSIC, Dept Integrat Ecol, Seville, Spain	Gonzalez-Voyer, A (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 18D, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.	alejandro.gonzalez@ebd.csic.es	CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011	CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Kolm, Niclas/0000-0001-5791-336X	Wenner-Grens Foundations; Swedish Research Council; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation	The work was funded by Wenner-Grens Foundations and Swedish Research Council grants to N. Kolm. A. Gonzalez-Voyer was funded by a Wenner-Grens Foundations post-doctoral stipend and a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Heinz S. Buscher, John L. Fitzpatrick, Ola Svensson, Carl Westholm and S. Koblmuller assisted with species ranking. 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Evol. Biol.	NOV	2011	24	11					2378	2388		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02365.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	852CU	WOS:000297325600008	21848985				2019-02-21	
J	Losdat, S; Helfenstein, F; Saladin, V; Richner, H				Losdat, S.; Helfenstein, F.; Saladin, V.; Richner, H.			Higher in vitro resistance to oxidative stress in extra-pair offspring	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						extra-pair offspring; fitness benefits; oxidative stress; Parus major	DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENETIC BENEFITS; LIFE-SPAN; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; FREE-RADICALS; PATERNITY; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY	Oxidative stress is considered to act as a universal physiological constraint in life-history evolution of animals. This should be of interest for extra-pair paternity behaviour, and we tested here the prediction that offspring arising from extra-pair matings of female great tits show higher resistance to oxidative stress than within-pair offspring. Resistance to oxidative stress, measured as the whole blood resistance to a controlled free-radical attack, was significantly higher for extra-pair offspring as predicted although these were not heavier or in better body condition than within-pair offspring. Since resistance to oxidative stress has been suggested to enhance survival and reproductive rates, extra-pair offspring with superior resistance to oxidative stress, be it through maternal effects or paternal inheritance, may achieve higher fitness and thus provide significant indirect fitness benefits to their mothers. In addition, because oxidative stress affects colour signals and sperm traits, females may also gain fitness benefits by producing sons that are more attractive (sexy-sons hypothesis) and have sperm of superior quality (sexy-sperm hypothesis). Heritability of resistance to oxidative stress as well as maternal effects may both act as proximate mechanisms for the observed result. Disentangling these two mechanisms would require an experimental approach. Future long-term studies should also aim at experimentally testing whether higher resistance to oxidative stress of EP nestlings indeed translates into fitness benefits to females.	[Losdat, S.; Helfenstein, F.; Saladin, V.; Richner, H.] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Ecol Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	Losdat, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Ecol Lab, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.	sylvain_losdat@yahoo.fr	Richner, Heinz/B-1659-2008; Helfenstein, Fabrice/I-5634-2013	Richner, Heinz/0000-0001-7390-0526; Helfenstein, Fabrice/0000-0001-8412-0461	Swiss National Science Foundation [3100A0-122566]	The studies were financially supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation grant (3100A0-122566) to HR.	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Evol. Biol.	NOV	2011	24	11					2525	2530		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02374.x				6	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	852CU	WOS:000297325600021	21899636	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Leisnham, PT; Towler, L; Juliano, SA				Leisnham, P. T.; Towler, L.; Juliano, S. A.			Geographic Variation of Photoperiodic Diapause but Not Adult Survival or Reproduction of the Invasive Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America	ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA			English	Article						diapause; life history evolution; survival; fecundity; reproductive investment	LA-CROSSE-VIRUS; EGG DIAPAUSE; SIZE; DESICCATION; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; COEXISTENCE; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; FECUNDITY	Climate differences across latitude can result in seasonal constraints and selection on life-history characters. Because Aedes albopictus (Skuse) invaded North America in the mid-1980s, it has spread across a range of approximate to 14 degrees latitude and populations in the north experience complete adult mortality because of cold winter temperatures that are absent in the south. Life-table experiments were conducted to test for differences in the adult survival and reproductive schedules of Ae. albopictus females from three populations from the northern (Salem, NJ; Springfield, IL; Eureka, MO; approximate to 39 degrees N) and southern (Palm Beach, Palmetto, Tampa, FL; approximate to 27-28 degrees N) extremes of the species distribution in North America. There were consistent differences between northern and southern populations in incidence of photoperiodically-induced egg diapause. Under short daylength, diapause eggs constituted twice the proportion of total viable eggs from northern females (81.9-92.1%) than southern females (35.9-42.7%). There were no consistent differences between northern and southern populations in resource allocation between reproduction and maintenance, reproduction over time, and reproductive investment among offspring, and no apparent trade-offs between diapause incidence with reproduction or longevity. Our results suggest that the main response of North American Ae. albopictus to unfavorable winter climates is via the life history strategy of producing diapausing eggs, rather than quantitative variation in reproduction, and that there are no detectable costs to adult survival. Inherent geographic variation in the expression of diapause, consistent with the latitudinal extremes of A. albopictus, indicates evolutionary loss of diapause response in southern populations because of the invasion of A. albopictus in North America.	[Leisnham, P. T.; Towler, L.; Juliano, S. A.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Normal, IL 61761 USA	Leisnham, PT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20770 USA.	leisnham@umd.edu			NIAID [R01-(AI)-44793]	We thank Deborah O'Donnell, Peter Armbruster, Michelle Tseng, Courtney Janiec, and Ebony Murrell for field collections or help maintaining the experiment, and Kavitha Damal, Phil Lounibos, and Sabine Loew for useful discussion. Anesthetization of mice was done under IACUC Protocol #02-2007. This experiment was funded subcontract to SAJ from NIAID grant R01-(AI)-44793.	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J	Kerney, R				Kerney, Ryan			Embryonic Staging Table for a Direct-Developing Salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae)	ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Plethodontidae; lungless salamanders; direct development; staging table; Plethodon cinereus; embryology	FROG ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE; LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS; DIAGNOSTIC STAGES; LIMB DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; BODY-SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS	This work presents a refined staging table for the direct-developing red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus, which is based on the incomplete staging system of James Norman Dent (J Morphol 1942; 71: 577-601). This common species from eastern North America is a member of the species-rich lungless salamander family Plethodontidae. The staging table presented here covers several stages omitted by Dent and reveals novel developmental features of P. cinereus embryos. These include putative Leydig cells and open gill clefts, which are found in larvae of metamorphosing species but were previously reported as absent in direct-developing Plethodon. Other features found in larvae of metamorphosing salamander species, such as the palatopterygoid bone and lateral line neuromasts, were not observed in this material. The occurrence of larval and metamorphic features in these embryos has direct bearing on the patterns of life history evolution within the plethodontidae family. This study emphasizes the degree to which typically larval structures are retained in this direct-developing species and provides a staging table for further investigations into the development and evolution of plethodontid salamanders. Anat Rec, 294:1796-1808, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	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J	Hoekman, D; Dreyer, J; Jackson, RD; Townsend, PA; Gratton, C				Hoekman, David; Dreyer, Jamin; Jackson, Randall D.; Townsend, Philip A.; Gratton, Claudio			Lake to land subsidies: Experimental addition of aquatic insects increases terrestrial arthropod densities	ECOLOGY			English	Article						arthropod community; Collembola; cross-ecosystem movement; detrital food web; field experiment; heathland; Iceland; lake-to-land subsidy; midges; mites; resource pulse	BOTTOM-UP; FOOD WEBS; TOP-DOWN; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RESOURCE SUBSIDIES; NATURAL ENEMIES; FRESH-WATER; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY	Aquatic insects are a common and important subsidy to terrestrial systems, yet little is known about how these inputs affect terrestrial food webs, especially around lakes. Myvatn, a lake in northern Iceland, has extraordinary midge (Chironomidae) emergences that result in large inputs of biomass and nutrients to terrestrial arthropod communities. We simulated this lake-to-land resource pulse by collecting midges from Myvatn and spreading their dried carcasses on 1-m(2) plots at a nearby site that receives very little midge deposition. We hypothesized a positive bottom-up response of detritivores that would be transmitted to their predators and would persist into the following year. We sampled the arthropod community once per month for two consecutive summers. Midge addition resulted in significantly different arthropod communities and increased densities of some taxa in both years. Detritivores, specifically Diptera larvae, Collembola, and Acari increased in midge-addition plots, and so did some predators and parasitoids. Arthropod densities were still elevated a year after midge addition, and two years of midge addition further increased the density of higher-order consumers (e.g., Coleoptera and Hymenoptera). Midge addition increased arthropod biomass by 68% after one year and 108% after two years. By manipulating the nutrient pulse delivered by midges we were able to elucidate food web consequences of midge deposition and spatial and temporal dynamics that are difficult to determine based on comparative approaches alone. Resources cross ecosystem boundaries and are assimilated over time because of life-history strategies that connect aquatic and terrestrial food webs and these systems cannot be fully understood in isolation from each other.	[Hoekman, David; Gratton, Claudio] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Dreyer, Jamin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA	Hoekman, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.	dhoekman@wisc.edu	Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008	Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774	National Science Foundation [DEB-0717148]	Many thanks to Arni Einarsson and the Myvatn Research Station for facilitating our research in Iceland. Erica Nystrom, Jaclyn Entringer, Kyle Webert, and Heather Sage helped conduct the field experiments and count samples. Tony Ives and Jake Vander Zanden engaged us in stimulating discussions. Thank you to the anonymous reviewers who helped us improve this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation DEB-0717148.	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J	Thomson, FJ; Moles, AT; Auld, TD; Kingsford, RT				Thomson, Fiona J.; Moles, Angela T.; Auld, Tony D.; Kingsford, Richard T.			Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						dispersal; dispersal mechanism; dispersal syndrome; long-distance dispersal; maximum dispersal; plant dispersal; plant height; seed mass; seed size	WIND; SIZE; EVOLUTION; FOREST; CAPACITY; TRAITS; AUSTRALIA; WORLDWIDE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY	1. It is often assumed that there is a trade-off between maternal provisioning and dispersal capacity, leading small-seeded species to disperse further than large-seeded species. However, this relationship between dispersal distance and seed mass has only been quantified for species from particular sites or with particular dispersal syndromes. 2. We provided the first large-scale, cross-species quantification of the correlations between dispersal distance and both seed mass and plant height. Seed mass was positively related to mean dispersal distance, with a 100-fold increase in seed mass being associated with a 4.5-fold increase in mean dispersal distance (R(2) = 0.16; n = 210 species; P < 0.001). However, plant height had substantially stronger explanatory power than did seed mass, and we found a 5-fold increase in height was associated with a 4.6-fold increase in mean dispersal distance (R(2) = 0.54; n = 211 species; P < 0.001). 3. Once plant height was accounted for, we found that small-seeded species dispersed further than did large-seeded species (R(2) = 0.54; n = 181 species; slope = -0.130; P < 0.001); however, seed mass only added 2% to the R(2) of the model. Within dispersal syndromes, tall species dispersed further than did short species, while seed mass had little influence on dispersal distance. 4. Synthesis. These findings enhance our understanding of plant life-history strategies and improve our ability to predict which species are best at colonizing new environments.	[Thomson, Fiona J.; Kingsford, Richard T.] Univ New S Wales, Australian Wetland & Rivers Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [Thomson, Fiona J.; Moles, Angela T.] Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [Auld, Tony D.] Dept Environm Climate Change & Water, Sydney, NSW 2220, Australia	Thomson, FJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australian Wetland & Rivers Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.	fiona.thomson@student.unsw.edu.au	Thomson, Fiona/F-7719-2011; Moles, Angela/C-3083-2008	Moles, Angela/0000-0003-2041-7762	Managing for Ecosystem Change in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area project [LP0774833]; Australian Research Council; New South Wales Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water; Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Authority; Blue Mountains City Council; New South Wales Department of Primary Industry; Blue MountainsWorld Heritage Institute	We thank all the authors whose work contributed to this study and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was part of the Managing for Ecosystem Change in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area project (LP0774833), funded by the Australian Research Council and the New South Wales Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Authority, Blue Mountains City Council, New South Wales Department of Primary Industry and the Blue MountainsWorld Heritage Institute.	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Ecol.	NOV	2011	99	6					1299	1307		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01867.x				9	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	840FR	WOS:000296425000001					2019-02-21	
J	Garcia, MB; Dahlgren, JP; Ehrlen, J				Garcia, Maria B.; Dahlgren, Johan P.; Ehrlen, Johan			No evidence of senescence in a 300-year-old mountain herb	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						ageing; Borderea pyrenaica; demography; integral projection model; life span; longevity; plant development and life-history traits; reproductive value; sex	BORDEREA-PYRENAICA DIOSCOREACEAE; NATURAL-SELECTION; AGE; PLANTS; MODEL; POPULATION; REGRESSION; MORTALITY; TRAITS; STAGE	1. Understanding how vital rates and reproductive value change with age is fundamental to demography, life history evolution and population genetics. The universality of organism senescence has been questioned on both theoretical and empirical grounds, and the prevalence and strength of senescence remain a controversial issue. Plants are particularly interesting for studies of senescence since individuals of many species have been reported to reach very high ages. 2. In this study, we examined whether the herb Borderea pyrenaica, known to reach ages of more than 300 years, experiences senescence. We collected detailed demographic information from male and female individuals in two populations over 5 years. An unusual morphological feature in this species enabled us to obtain exact age estimates for each of the individuals at the end of the demographic study. 3. We used restricted cubic regression splines and generalized linear models to determine nonlinear effects of age and size on vital rates. We then incorporated the effects of age and size in integral projection models of demography for determining the relationship between age and reproductive value. As the species is dioecious, we performed analyses separately for males and females and examined also the hypothesis that a larger reproductive effort in females comes at a senescence cost. 4. We found no evidence for senescence. Recorded individuals reached 260 years, but growth and fecundity of female and male individuals did not decrease at high ages, and survival and reproductive value increased with age. The results were qualitatively similar also when accounting for size and among-individual vital rate heterogeneity, with the exception that male flowering probability decreased with age when accounting for size increases. 5. Synthesis. Overall, our results show that performance of both male and female plants of B. pyrenaica may increase rather than decrease at ages up to several centuries, and they support the notion that senescence may be negligible in long-lived modular organisms. This highlights the need to explore mechanisms that enable some species to maintain high reproductive values also at very high ages and to identify the evolutionary reasons why some organisms appear to experience no or negligible senescence.	[Dahlgren, Johan P.; Ehrlen, Johan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Bot, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Garcia, Maria B.] Inst Pirena Ecol CSIC, Zaragoza 50080, Spain	Ehrlen, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Bot, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	ehrlen@botan.su.se	Ehrlen, Johan/H-6286-2013	Ehrlen, Johan/0000-0001-8539-8967	National Park of Ordesa [018/2008]; Regional Government of Aragon [B4-3200/96/503]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS); Swedish Research Council	We are grateful to R. Antor, D. Guzman and D. Goni for field assistance, Carlos M. Herrera for technical support during age dating, the National Park of Ordesa (project 018/2008) and the Regional Government of Aragon (LIFE project B4-3200/96/503) for supporting and funding to M.B.G., The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) for funding to J.E. and J.P.D., and The Swedish Research Council to J.E.	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Ecol.	NOV	2011	99	6					1424	1430		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01871.x				7	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	840FR	WOS:000296425000013					2019-02-21	
J	Luo, Y; Chen, HYH				Luo, Yong; Chen, Han Y. H.			Competition, species interaction and ageing control tree mortality in boreal forests	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						asymmetric competition; boosted regression trees; intra-specific interaction; non-equilibrium forests; plant-plant interactions; shade tolerance; size-dependent; species traits; stand crowding; tree ageing	BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; REGRESSION TREES; SHADE TOLERANCE; GROWTH; SIZE; DIVERSITY	1. Tree mortality has important influences on forest structure and composition, but the mechanisms that cause tree mortality are not well understood. Asymmetric competition is known to be a dominant cause of plant mortality, but this idea has not received much attention in studies of long-lived trees. 2. We hypothesised that while tree mortality is dependent on size relative to neighbours as a result of asymmetric competition, tree mortality of shade-tolerant species varies little with size because of their physiological and morphological adaptations to shaded environments. Furthermore, we hypothesised that tree mortality is higher in more crowded stands because of higher average resource competition, in conspecific stands because of potential negative intra-specific interactions, and in older stands because of the physiological limitations and susceptibility to minor disturbances of large trees. 3. Using data from repeatedly measured permanent sampling plots that covered a wide range of tree sizes, stand developmental stages and stand compositions in boreal forests, we simultaneously tested, by boosted regression tree models, the effects of an individual's relative size, stand crowding, species interaction and ageing on mortality of Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera and Picea mariana. 4. Mortality increased strongly with decreasing relative size for all study species, and the size-dependent mortality was stronger for shade-intolerant than for shade-tolerant species. With increasing stand basal area, mortality increased for Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides and Picea mariana but decreased for Betula papyrifera. Mortality was higher in stands with more conspecific neighbours for Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera and Picea mariana, but was slightly lower for Pinus banksiana. Mortality also increased with stand age for all species. Furthermore, the size-dependent mortality was generally stronger in more crowded stands. 5. Synthesis. Our findings show that tree mortality over a wide range of tree sizes, stand developmental stages and stand compositions in non-equilibrium boreal forests was strongly controlled by competition, but species interactions and ageing were also important mechanisms. Furthermore, the relative importance of these mechanisms to tree mortality differed with the shade tolerance of species.	[Luo, Yong; Chen, Han Y. H.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada	Chen, HYH (reprint author), Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.	hchen1@lakeheadu.ca	Chen, Han/A-1359-2008	Chen, Han/0000-0001-9477-5541	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [283336-09]; Ministry of Research and Innovation	We gratefully acknowledge John Parton and Karen Zhou for their assistance in accessing the data, and Drs. Jian Wang and Gordon Kayahara for their valuable comments. The work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discover Grant 283336-09) and an Ontario Early Researcher Award from the Ministry of Research and Innovation to HC.	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Ecol.	NOV	2011	99	6					1470	1480		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01882.x				11	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	840FR	WOS:000296425000018		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Kuan, SH; Lin, YK				Kuan, S. -H.; Lin, Y. K.			Bigger or faster? Spring and summer tadpole cohorts use different life-history strategies	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						Fejervarya limnocharis; irrigation; rice field; temperature; temporal divergence	ANURAN LARVAL GROWTH; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII; DESERT PONDS; BODY-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; FROG; PLASTICITY; POPULATION	Temporal variation in environmental conditions is a situation faced by prolonged breeders. Yet, few experimental studies provide evidence that such variation may lead to temporal divergence in life-history strategy. The breeding season of a prolonged breeder, the Indian rice frog Fejervarya limnocharis, is interrupted by a mid-summer drainage between the two rice crops, which separates the breeding population into spring and summer cohorts. We used a common garden experiment to test whether tadpoles of the two cohorts have evolved different metamorphic strategies to cope with different environmental temperatures. In a temperature (low and high) by cohort (spring and summer) factorial experiment, we found both spring and summer tadpoles had greater body growth rates, less weight loss before metamorphosis, and thus potentially higher fitness, when raised under their respective field temperatures. The spring tadpoles responded to low temperature with higher body weight at metamorphosis, while the summer tadpoles did not have such a response. On the other hand, while both spring and summer tadpoles responded to high temperature with accelerated developmental rates, summer tadpoles grew significantly faster than the spring ones. In conclusion, the study shows that spring and summer cohorts of Indian rice frog F. limnocharis use different life-history strategies to obtain higher fitness in their respective thermal environments.	[Kuan, S. -H.; Lin, Y. K.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; [Lin, Y. K.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan	Lin, YK (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Life Sci Bldg 617R,1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.	kirklin@ntu.edu.tw			Taiwan National Science Council [NSC95-2621-B-002-004]	We are grateful to W.-C. Cheng, C.-H. Hsu and K.-H. Hsu, who helped with field work, and S.-M. Yang and H. Song, who helped take care of tadpoles. We thank the staff members, W.-T. Liang and P.-L. Miao, at the Ankang Branch Farm for their logistic support. We would like to thank all members in Y.K.L.'s research group for the stimulating discussions. Finally, we deeply appreciate the constructive comments from M.-F. Chuang and Y.-C. Kam, S.-M. Lin, K.-Y. Lue, L.-J. Wang and C.-S. Wu on an earlier draft of the paper. Financial support for this research came from the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC95-2621-B-002-004) to Y.K.L.	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Zool.	NOV	2011	285	3					165	171		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00836.x				7	Zoology	Zoology	848CD	WOS:000297024900001					2019-02-21	
J	Nord, A; Nilsson, JA				Nord, Andreas; Nilsson, Jan-Ake			Incubation Temperature Affects Growth and Energy Metabolism in Blue Tit Nestlings	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						RMR; egg temperature; embryonic development; epigenetic temperature adaptation; growth trajectories	STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; EMBRYOS GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FEMALE GREAT TITS; CLUTCH SIZE; EGG TEMPERATURE; CHICKEN EMBRYOS; TREE SWALLOWS; PARUS-MAJOR; HYPOTHERMIC INCUBATION	Because the maintenance of proper developmental temperatures during avian incubation is costly to parents, embryos of many species experience pronounced variation in incubation temperature. However, the effects of such temperature variation on nestling development remain relatively unexplored. To investigate this, we artificially incubated wild blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus L.) clutches at 35.0 degrees, 36.5 degrees, or 38.0 degrees C for two-thirds of the incubation period. We returned clutches to their original nests before hatching and subsequently recorded nestling growth and resting metabolic rate. The length of the incubation period decreased with temperature, whereas hatching success increased. Nestlings from the lowest incubation temperature group had shorter tarsus lengths at 2 weeks of age, but body mass and wing length were not affected by temperature. In addition, nestlings from the lowest temperature group had a significantly higher resting metabolic rate compared with mid- and high-temperature nestlings, which may partly explain observed size differences between the groups. These findings suggest that nest microclimate can influence nestling phenotype, but whether observed differences carry over to later life-history stages remains unknown.	[Nord, Andreas; Nilsson, Jan-Ake] Lund Univ, Sect Evolutionary Ecol, Dept Biol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden	Nord, A (reprint author), Lund Univ, Sect Evolutionary Ecol, Dept Biol, Ecol Bldg, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.	andreas.nord@biol.lu.se			Swedish Research Council; Royal Physiographic Society; Lund Animal Protection Foundation; Helge Ax:son Johnson Foundation; Langman Cultural Foundation	We thank S. Chiriac, B. Hansson, S. Kundisch, M. Ljungqvist, and J. Nilsson for assistance in the field and M. Stjernman for assistance in the field as well as helpful discussions on statistical analyses. Comments from L. Raberg and two anonymous referees improved a previous version of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Swedish Research Council (to J.-A.N.) and the Royal Physiographic Society, the Lund Animal Protection Foundation, the Helge Ax:son Johnson Foundation, and the Langman Cultural Foundation (to A.N.). All experimental protocols comply with national legislation and were approved by the Malmo/Lund Animal Care committee (permit M 94-07).	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Nat.	NOV	2011	178	5					639	651		10.1086/662172				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	843ZB	WOS:000296715600010	22030733				2019-02-21	
J	Pelosse, P; Jervis, MA; Bernstein, C; Desouhant, E				Pelosse, Perrine; Jervis, Mark A.; Bernstein, Carlos; Desouhant, Emmanuel			Does synovigeny confer reproductive plasticity upon a parasitoid wasp that is faced with variability in habitat richness?	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						carbohydrates; egg- and time-limitation; Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae; lipids; nutrient dynamics; proteins; resource allocation; trade-off; Venturia canescens	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; VENTURIA-CANESCENS; EGG LIMITATION; HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS; NUTRITIONAL RESOURCES; ANAGASTA-KUEHNIELLA; RAPID-DETERMINATION; HOST AVAILABILITY; TIME LIMITATION; ALLOCATION	Understanding the factors that constrain the reproductive success of animals and their demographics requires detailed insight into the processes of resource acquisition and allocation in relation to habitat richness. Parasitoid wasp females are valuable models in this respect because their lifetime reproductive success is closely tied to host availability. Parasitoids that manufacture eggs throughout adult life (i.e. 'synovigenic' species) and characteristically acquire nutrients via feeding are predicted to be plastic in their allocation to egg manufacture. Using the synovigenic parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens, we tested whether this prediction holds when females are faced with variation in the availability of both hosts and food. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine how environmental variation affects parasitoid reproductive success and the lifetime dynamics of egg load and of major nutrient types. Our results, surprisingly, show that female V. canescens lacks a significant degree of reproductive plasticity under our experimental conditions. In particular, allocation of resources to reproduction was high irrespective of host availability. We attribute this lack of flexibility to the low energy content of V. canescens' eggs and to features peculiar to the ecology of this species. Our findings shed new light on the physiological factors that constrain parasitoid lifetime reproductive success. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 621-632.	[Pelosse, Perrine; Bernstein, Carlos; Desouhant, Emmanuel] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; [Pelosse, Perrine; Bernstein, Carlos; Desouhant, Emmanuel] Univ Lyon 1, F-69000 Villeurbanne, France; [Pelosse, Perrine; Bernstein, Carlos; Desouhant, Emmanuel] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; [Pelosse, Perrine] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Math, Arlington, TX 76019 USA; [Jervis, Mark A.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales	Pelosse, P (reprint author), Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.	pelosse@uta.edu; emmanuel.desouhant@univ-lyon1.fr	DESOUHANT, Emmanuel/A-9537-2013	DESOUHANT, Emmanuel/0000-0003-0317-4463			Amat I, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V148, P153, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0332-9; Amat I, 2009, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V63, P563, DOI 10.1007/s00265-008-0691-4; BELING I., 1932, ZEITSCHR ANGEW ENT, V19, P223; Bernstein C, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P415, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00432.x; Bernstein Carlos, 2008, P129, DOI 10.1002/9780470696200.ch7; 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J. Linnean Soc.	NOV	2011	104	3					621	632		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01741.x				12	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	843WH	WOS:000296706400010		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Gamelon, M; Besnard, A; Gaillard, JM; Servanty, S; Baubet, E; Brandt, S; Gimenez, O				Gamelon, Marlene; Besnard, Aurelien; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Servanty, Sabrina; Baubet, Eric; Brandt, Serge; Gimenez, Olivier			HIGH HUNTING PRESSURE SELECTS FOR EARLIER BIRTH DATE: WILD BOAR AS A CASE STUDY	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Birth timing; elastogram; exploited populations; population dynamics; selection gradient analyses; Sus scrofa scrofa	MARK-RECAPTURE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; POPULATION-GROWTH; NATURAL-SELECTION; SUS-SCROFA; RED DEER; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION	Exploitation by humans affects the size and structure of populations. This has evolutionary and demographic consequences that have typically being studied independent of one another. We here applied a framework recently developed applying quantitative tools from population ecology and selection gradient analysis to quantify the selection on a quantitative trait-birth date-through its association with multiple fitness components. From the long-term monitoring (22 years) of a wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) population subject to markedly increasing hunting pressure, we found that birth dates have advanced by up to 12 days throughout the study period. During the period of low hunting pressure, there was no detectable selection. However, during the period of high hunting pressure, the selection gradient linking breeding probability in the first year of life to birth date was negative, supporting current life-history theory predicting selection for early births to reproduce within the first year of life with increasing adult mortality.	[Gamelon, Marlene; Besnard, Aurelien; Gimenez, Olivier] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, Unite Mixte Rech 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France; [Gamelon, Marlene; Brandt, Serge] Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-59120 Chateauvillain, France; [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, Unite Mixte Rech 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; [Servanty, Sabrina] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA; [Servanty, Sabrina] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Baubet, Eric] CNERA Cervides Sangliers, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-01330 Montfort, Birieux, France	Gamelon, M (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, Unite Mixte Rech 5175, Campus CNRS,1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.	marlene.gamelon@univ-lyon1.fr; aurelien.besnard@cefe.cnrs.fr; jean-michel.gaillard@univ-lyon1.fr; sab.servanty@free.fr; eric.baubet@oncfs.gouv.fr; serge.brandt@oncfs.gouv.fr; olivier.gimenez@cefe.cnrs.fr	Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010	Gamelon, Marlene/0000-0002-9433-2369	ANR-JCJC [ANR-08-JCJC-0088-01]	We are grateful to all those who helped capturing and marking wild boar, as well as those who helped collecting harvested wild boars, particularly P. Van den Bulck and G. Corbeau. We are grateful to the Office National des Forets and to F. Jehle, who allowed us to work on the study area. We thank A. Charmantier, T. Coulson, and one anonymous referee for their helpful comments that markedly improved our article. We warmly thank E. Bean for correcting our English. This work was supported by an ANR-JCJC grant, "Towards Capture-Recapture Mixed Models" (ANR-08-JCJC-0088-01).	Allendorf FW, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P9987, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0901069106; Andersen KH, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P11657, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0901690106; Baubet Eric, 2009, Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica, V5, P159; Boonstra R, 1998, ECOL MONOGR, V68, P371, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0371:TIOPIS]2.0.CO;2; BRAULT S, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1444, DOI 10.2307/1940073; Burnham K. 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K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT ANIM	67	32	32	1	85	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0014-3820	1558-5646		EVOLUTION	Evolution	NOV	2011	65	11					3100	3112		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01366.x				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	843VK	WOS:000296702800007	22023578	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Akhmetzhanov, AR; Grognard, F; Mailleret, L				Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R.; Grognard, Frederic; Mailleret, Ludovic			OPTIMAL LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES IN SEASONAL CONSUMER-RESOURCE DYNAMICS	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Foraging-reproduction trade-off; individual behavior; population dynamics; semi-discrete model	TIME POPULATION-MODELS; PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS; INDETERMINATE GROWTH; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; DISCRETE; CYCLES; HOST; PARASITOIDS; ALLOCATION	The interplay between individual adaptive life histories and populations dynamics is an important issue in ecology. In this context, we considered a seasonal consumer-resource model with nonoverlapping generations. We focused on the consumers decision-making process through which they maximize their reproductive output via a differential investment into foraging for resources or reproducing. Our model takes a semi-discrete form, and is composed of a continuous time within-season part, similar to a dynamic model of energy allocation, and of a discrete time part, depicting the between seasons reproduction and mortality processes. We showed that the optimal foraging-reproduction strategies of the consumers may be "determinate" or "indeterminate" depending on the season length. More surprisingly, it depended on the consumers population density as well, with large densities promoting indeterminacy. A bifurcation analysis showed that the long-term dynamics produced by this model were quite rich, ranging from both populations' extinction, coexistence at some season-to-season equilibrium or on (quasi)-periodic motions, to initial condition-dependent dynamics. Interestingly, we observed that any long-term sustainable situation corresponds to indeterminate consumers' strategies. Finally, a comparison with a model involving typical nonoptimal consumers highlighted the stabilizing effects of the optimal life histories of the consumers.	[Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R.; Grognard, Frederic; Mailleret, Ludovic] INRIA, BIOCORE Team, Sophia Antipolis, France; [Mailleret, Ludovic] INRA, UR 880, URIH, Sophia Antipolis, France	Akhmetzhanov, AR (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Theoret Biol Lab, Hamilton, ON, Canada.	ludovic.mailleret@sophia.inra.fr	Akhmetzhanov, Andrei/B-5530-2013	Akhmetzhanov, Andrei/0000-0003-3269-7351; Mailleret, Ludovic/0000-0001-7019-8401	Agropolis Foundation; RNSC [0902-013]; INRA [394576]	The authors are grateful to P. Bernhard, V. Lemesle, and E. Wajnberg for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also acknowledge F. Halkett, F. Hamelin, and V. Ravigne for insightful discussions on the present topic, as well as S. Gandon and two anonymous referees for their interesting remarks. ARA was funded by a Post-Doctoral fellowship from INRIA Sophia Antipolis Mediterranee. This research has been supported by grants from Agropolis Foundation and RNSC (project ModPEA, covenant support number 0902-013), and from INRA (call for proposal "Gestion durable des resistances aux bio-agresseurs", project Metacarpe, contract number 394576).	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J	Mideo, N; Nelson, WA; Reece, SE; Bell, AS; Read, AF; Day, T				Mideo, Nicole; Nelson, William A.; Reece, Sarah E.; Bell, Andrew S.; Read, Andrew F.; Day, Troy			BRIDGING SCALES IN THE EVOLUTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE LIFE HISTORIES: APPLICATION	EVOLUTION			English	Article							MALARIA PLASMODIUM-CHABAUDI; FUNCTION-VALUED TRAITS; WITHIN-HOST DYNAMICS; PARASITE VIRULENCE; TRADE-OFF; POPULATION BIOLOGY; MOSQUITO INFECTION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SEX-RATIO; TRANSMISSION	Within- and between-host disease processes occur on the same timescales, therefore changes in the within-host dynamics of parasites, resources, and immunity can interact with changes in the epidemiological dynamics to affect evolutionary outcomes. Consequently, studies of the evolution of disease life histories, that is, infection-age-specific patterns of transmission and virulence, have been constrained by the need for a mechanistic understanding of within-host disease dynamics. In a companion paper (Day et al. 2011), we develop a novel approach that quantifies the relevant within-host aspects of disease through genetic covariance functions. Here, we demonstrate how to apply this theory to data. Using two previously published datasets from rodent malaria infections, we show how to translate experimental measures into disease life-history traits, and how to quantify the covariance in these traits. Our results show how patterns of covariance can interact with epidemiological dynamics to affect evolutionary predictions for disease life history. We also find that the selective constraints on disease life-history evolution can vary qualitatively, and that "simple" virulence-transmission trade-offs that are often the subject of experimental investigation can be obscured by trade-offs within one trait alone. Finally, we highlight the type and quality of data required for future applications.	[Mideo, Nicole; Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Nelson, William A.; Day, Troy] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Immunol, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Infect Res, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Bell, Andrew S.; Read, Andrew F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16827 USA; [Bell, Andrew S.; Read, Andrew F.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16827 USA; [Read, Andrew F.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; [Day, Troy] Queens Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada	Mideo, N (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.	N.Mideo@ed.ac.uk; tday@mast.queensu.ca	Nelson, William/D-1405-2013; Reece, Sarah/C-9447-2009; Mideo, Nicole/F-4520-2010	Reece, Sarah/0000-0001-6716-6732; Day, Troy/0000-0002-1052-6140	Wellcome Trust; NSERC; Canada Research Chairs Program	We thank M. Morrissey, D. Nussey and A. Wilson for discussion; two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on the manuscript; and the Wellcome Trust (NM, SR, AB, AR), an NSERC Discovery Grant (WN), an NSERC Steacie Fellowship and the Canada Research Chairs Program (TD) for funding.	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J	Borges, I; Soares, AO; Magro, A; Hemptinne, JL				Borges, Isabel; Soares, Antonio Onofre; Magro, Alexandra; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis			Prey availability in time and space is a driving force in life history evolution of predatory insects	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Aphid; Coccid; Coccinellidae; Lifestyle; Life history traits; Slow-fast continuum	GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RAPID EVOLUTION; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; LADYBIRDS; HOMOPTERA; STYLE	Environmental constraints can be determinant key factors conditioning predator life history evolution. Prey seems to have conditioned life history evolution in their ladybird predator, with the predators of aphids apparently presenting faster development, greater fecundity and shorter longevity than species preying on coccids. However a rigorous comparison has never been done. We hypothesize that aphids and coccids differ by their developmental rate, abundance, and distribution in the field, which act as ecological constraints promoting life history evolution in ladybird predators. Field data reveal that aphids are ephemeral resources available in the form of large colonies randomly distributed in the habitat whereas coccids form smaller colonies that tend to be aggregated in space and available for longer periods. A comparison in laboratory conditions of two predatory species belonging to the tribe Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) show that the aphidophagous species lives at a faster pace than the coccidophagous: it develops faster, matures earlier, is more fecund, has a shorter reproductive life-span and allocate proportionally more fat in its gonads relative to soma. This indicates that the life histories of aphidophagous and coccidophagous ladybird predators appear to have evolved in response to particular patterns of prey availability in time and space. Under the light of these results, the existence of a slow-fast continuum in ladybirds is briefly addressed.	[Borges, Isabel; Soares, Antonio Onofre] Univ Azores, Dept Biol, CIRN, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; [Borges, Isabel; Soares, Antonio Onofre] Univ Azores, Azorean Biodivers Grp, CITA A, P-9701851 Angra Do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal; [Magro, Alexandra; Hemptinne, Jean-Louis] Univ Toulouse, ENFA, UMR CNRS Evolut & Diversite Biol 5174, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France	Borges, I (reprint author), Univ Azores, Dept Biol, CIRN, Rua Mae Deus,Apartado 1422, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.	isabelborges@uac.pt	Hemptinne, Jean-Louis/C-5989-2009; Magro, Alexandra/G-8328-2011; Soares, Antonio/M-4207-2013	Hemptinne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-3875-2497; Magro, Alexandra/0000-0002-7043-0845; Soares, Antonio/0000-0001-7922-6296; Borges, Isabel/0000-0003-1807-0659	POCI 2010; FSE; Programa Pessoa, France; French Ministry of Foreign Affairs [14714PG]	I. B. was funded by a PhD grant (POCI 2010 and FSE) and by Programa Pessoa 2007/2008 France. A. O. S. was funded by Programa Pessoa 2007/2008 France. J.-L. H. was funded by a grant from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (EGIDE/Project Pessoa PAI 2007/2008 # 14714PG). The authors express their gratitude to Roberto Resendes for helping in the field work, to Rafael Arruda for assistance in the laboratory work, to Luis Silva for identifying plant host species, to J. A. Ilharco for aphid species identification, to Felipe Ramon-Portugal for assistance in fat content determination, and to Servicos Agrarios for growing maize. Thanks are also due to Servicos Florestais de Ponta Delgada for allowing access to the study area. We thank J. P. Michaud for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and for improving the English.	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J	Gooderham, K; Schulte-Hostedde, A				Gooderham, Krista; Schulte-Hostedde, Albrecht			Macroparasitism influences reproductive success in red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						fitness; life-history traits; mammals; parasite richness	AFRICAN GROUND-SQUIRREL; BODY CONDITION; TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; ECTOPARASITE LOADS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; PARASITE INFECTION; IMMUNE DEFENSE; SPLEEN MASS	Life-history theory predicts that all organisms have finite energy reserves. In order to optimize fitness, individuals must make trade-offs in allocating energy among survival, growth, and reproduction. Parasites have the ability to negatively impact host fitness and shift the balance of energy trade-offs. The aim of our study was to determine the relationships among parasite load and reproductive success in a free-living population of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in Algonquin Park, Ontario. We hypothesized that heavily parasitized individuals must allocate more energy toward immune function. As energy storage is finite, this will inevitably reduce the resources available for reproduction. Here, we show that parasite richness can compromise fitness through decreasing reproductive success. However, ectoparasite intensity increased with increasing reproductive success in males but not females, suggesting a possible trade-offs between secondary sexual characteristics in males and immunosuppressive qualities of testosterone. Our study provides unique evidence of the costs parasites exact on their hosts. It is among the relatively few studies conducted within an ecological context incorporating host fitness in relation to multiple parasite infections.	[Gooderham, Krista; Schulte-Hostedde, Albrecht] Laurentian Univ, Dept Biol, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada	Schulte-Hostedde, A (reprint author), Laurentian Univ, Dept Biol, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.	aschultehostedde@laurentian.ca	Schulte-Hostedde, Albrecht/C-2007-2009		NSERC; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation	We would like to acknowledge NSERC and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation for financial support.	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Ecol.	NOV-DEC	2011	22	6					1195	1200		10.1093/beheco/arr112				6	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	838MB	WOS:000296295000016		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Heg, D; Schurch, R; Rothenberger, S				Heg, Dik; Schuerch, Roger; Rothenberger, Susan			Behavioral type and growth rate in a cichlid fish	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						animal personality; behavioral syndromes; Cichlidae; dominance; status-dependent growth	LIFE-HISTORY; NEOLAMPROLOGUS-PULCHER; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; ANIMAL PERSONALITY; HELPERS; BENEFITS; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; DECISIONS; ECOLOGY	Behavioral syndromes or animal personalities may emerge due to covariation with different life-history strategies individual animals pursue, like risk-associated feeding rates translating in different growth trajectories. However, less clear is how this might affect individuals in cooperatively breeding species, where subordinates assist dominants in raising offspring, and growth has profound life-history and social consequences. Here, we examined the effects of behavioral type on growth rates and feeding in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher, comparing growth rates of individuals settled inside a group (dominant or subordinate) or unsettled fish (aggregation) of different behavioral types (bold-shy continuum) under a feeding regime where food could not be monopolized. Controlling for other factors, we found no effect of the behavioral type on the growth rates of dominants and subordinates in either sex. In contrast, bold female aggregation fish were significantly growing faster in length compared with shy female aggregation fish, whereas no such effect was detected in male aggregation fish. These growth rate differences were largely matched by differences in feeding rates, but locomotion appeared more important in determining growth than feeding rate. Our results show that differences in social status may need to be taken into account when testing for correlations between behavioral type and growth in vertebrates, and cautions that growth adjustments may get obscured due to correlated changes in other costly behaviors, like locomotion.	[Heg, Dik; Schuerch, Roger; Rothenberger, Susan] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Dept Behav Ecol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	Heg, D (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Clin Trials Unit, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.	dheg@ispm.unibe.ch		Schurch, Roger/0000-0001-9075-8912	Swiss National Science Foundation(SNSF) [3100A-108473]	Swiss National Science Foundation(SNSF 3100A-108473 to D.H.).	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Ecol.	NOV-DEC	2011	22	6					1227	1233		10.1093/beheco/arr118				7	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	838MB	WOS:000296295000020		Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Song, ZB; Boenke, MC; Rodd, FH				Song, Zhaobin; Boenke, Morgan C.; Rodd, F. Helen			Interpopulation Differences in Shoaling Behaviour in Guppies (Poecilia reticulata): Roles of Social Environment and Population Origin	ETHOLOGY			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; SCHOOLING PREFERENCES; PREDATOR RECOGNITION; BODY-SIZE; FISH; AVOIDANCE; CHOICE; STICKLEBACKS	In Trinidad, guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in high-predation localities show more cohesive shoaling behaviour than those living with less dangerous predators in low-predation sites. We evaluated the relative contributions of population origin (i.e. genetic and/or maternal effects) and social environment on the expression of shoaling by assessing the behaviour of juveniles reared in a range of social conditions. Focal individuals, offspring of guppies from populations from high- or low-predation localities, were reared in a multifactorial experiment; we created four different social conditions by manipulating the source and demography of the conspecific residents with whom focal individuals interacted. We found that high-predation fish displayed a stronger propensity to shoal than low-predation ones. Our results also suggest a role for interactions between the source of the focal individuals, the demography of the group in which they were reared and the origin of the guppies with whom they were reared. Depending on their origin (high- vs. low-predation) and rearing density, our focal fish were more likely to shoal if they were reared with high-predation residents. Learning from high-predation residents, aggressive interactions with low-predation residents and/or phenotype matching could have played a role in driving this effect of social environment. This effect of the phenotype of conspecifics on shoaling development would enhance heritable differences in shoaling propensity such that both could contribute to the well-documented difference in shoaling behaviour of high- and low-predation guppies in natural populations.	[Song, Zhaobin; Boenke, Morgan C.; Rodd, F. Helen] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; [Song, Zhaobin] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China; [Boenke, Morgan C.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada	Rodd, FH (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.	helen.rodd@utoronto.ca			China Scholarship Council [2003851023]; NSERC (Canada); NSF (USA) [BSR 88-18071, DEB 91-19432]; Government of Ontario; York University Faculty of Graduate Studies	We thank Marla Sokolowski for advice and providing the facilities to run the experiment; David Reznick for advice about all things guppy and support and assistance in the field; K. Hughes, K. Grant and S. Hyndman for assistance with the fish; Anne Magurran and several anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on the manuscript; and A. Sharma and C. Rodd for technical support. This project was supported by State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (No. 2003851023); NSERC (Canada) grants to M.B. Sokolowski and F.H.R.; NSF (USA) grants to D. Reznick (BSR 88-18071 and DEB 91-19432); the Government of Ontario; and York University Faculty of Graduate Studies.	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J	Zanchi, C; Troussard, JP; Martinaud, G; Moreau, J; Moret, Y				Zanchi, Caroline; Troussard, Jean-Philippe; Martinaud, Guillaume; Moreau, Jerome; Moret, Yannick			Differential expression and costs between maternally and paternally derived immune priming for offspring in an insect	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						cost of immunity; host-parasite interaction; insect; maternal and paternal effects	DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; INFECTION; DEFENSE; INVERTEBRATE; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; SYSTEM; BEETLE	1. When parasitized, both vertebrates and invertebrates can enhance the immune defence of their offspring, although this transfer of immunity is achieved by different mechanisms. In some insects, immune-challenged males can also initiate trans-generational immune priming (TGIP), but its expressions appear qualitatively different from the one induced by females similarly challenged. 2. The existence of male TGIP challenges the traditional view of the parental investment theory, which predicts that females should invest more into their progeny than males. However, sexual dimorphism in life-history strategies and the potential costs associated with TGIP may nevertheless lead to dissymmetric investment between males and females into the immune protection of the offspring. 3. Using the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, we show that after parental exposure to a bacterial-like infection, maternal and paternal TGIP are associated with the enhancement of different immune effectors and different fitness costs in the offspring. While all the offspring produced by challenged mothers had enhanced immune defence, only those from early reproductive episodes were immune primed by challenged fathers. 4. Despite the fact that males and females may share a common interest in providing their offspring with an immune protection from the current pathogenic threat, they seem to have evolved different strategies concerning this investment.	[Zanchi, Caroline; Troussard, Jean-Philippe; Martinaud, Guillaume; Moreau, Jerome; Moret, Yannick] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Equipe Ecol Evolut, UMR Biogeosci 5561, F-21000 Dijon, France	Zanchi, C (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Equipe Ecol Evolut, UMR Biogeosci 5561, 6 Blvd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France.	caroline.zanchi@u-bourgogne.fr	moreau, jerome/A-3496-2013; Moret, Yannick/I-9282-2012		CNRS; ANR [ANR-07-JCJC-0134, ANR-08-JCJC-0006]	We thank B. Bois, C. Bonnet, A. Duroux, A. Pernat, B. Quaglietti, C. Saciat and F. Vogelweith for technical assistance and M. A. Gillingham, T. Rigaud, O. Roth and an anonymous referee for valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the CNRS and grants from the ANR (ANR-07-JCJC-0134 and ANR-08-JCJC-0006).	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Anim. Ecol.	NOV	2011	80	6					1174	1183		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01872.x				10	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	840PM	WOS:000296452700008	21644979	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Easty, LK; Schwartz, AK; Gordon, SP; Hendry, AP				Easty, Laura K.; Schwartz, Amy K.; Gordon, Swanne P.; Hendry, Andrew P.			Does sexual selection evolve following introduction to new environments?	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						colour; contemporary evolution; divergent selection; guppy; mate choice; natural population; Poecilia reticulata; sexual selection	GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; FEMALE MATE CHOICE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MALE COLOR PATTERNS; MALE PREDATION RISK; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION	The rate of evolution of mating preferences and mate signalling traits can influence local adaptation and diversification under environmental change. However, the rate of evolution of female preferences has not been directly examined in natural populations. An opportunity to do so arose through the introduction of high-predation Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from the Yarra River into high-and low-predation environments in the Damier River. Nine years (13-26 guppy generations) after the introduction, we tested whether female preferences for key aspects of male colour differed between the rivers and between introduced high-and low-predation populations. Based on two independent laboratory experiments, we conclude that little divergence in female preferences has apparently occurred between any of the populations, or between predation regimes. In combination with previous work, these results suggest that the evolution of guppy colour and female preferences are influenced by factors in addition to just predation, and that female preferences may generally take longer to evolve than other types of traits, particularly in populations that experience weak or fluctuating sexual selection gradients. (C) 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Schwartz, Amy K.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Easty, Laura K.; Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; [Easty, Laura K.; Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; [Gordon, Swanne P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	Schwartz, AK (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.	amy.schwartz@glasgow.ac.uk		Gordon, Swanne/0000-0002-9840-725X	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (USRA); Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies	We are grateful to D. Reznick for introducing us to the Damier experimental introduction, and for helping in the field. Field work was also assisted by M. Kinnison, D. Weese and N. Millar. Laboratory fish rearing was assisted by M. Piette, Z. Jafry and N. Karim. The manuscript was greatly improved by two anonymous referees. Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant to A P H, postgraduate scholarship to S.G. and USRA to L.K.E.) and by the Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (postgraduate fellowship to A.K.S. and S.G.).	Ahuja A, 2008, GENETICS, V179, P503, DOI 10.1534/genetics.107.08063; ANDERSSON M, 1982, NATURE, V299, P818, DOI 10.1038/299818a0; ANDERSSON S, 1994, CONDOR, V96, P1, DOI 10.2307/1369058; Archard GA, 2006, BEHAVIOUR, V143, P1317, DOI 10.1163/156853906778987515; Arendt JD, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P333, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2899; BAERENDS G. 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Behav.	NOV	2011	82	5					1085	1095		10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.08.001				11	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	840FE	WOS:000296423200020					2019-02-21	
J	Uller, T; Leimu, R				Uller, Tobias; Leimu, Roosa			Founder events predict changes in genetic diversity during human-mediated range expansions	GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY			English	Article						admixture; conservation genetics; genetic diversity; invasive species; re-introductions	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; MATING SYSTEM; SUCCESS; POPULATIONS; INVASION; BOTTLENECKS; CONSEQUENCES; COLONIZATION	Intentional or accidental introduction of species to new locations is predicted to result in loss of genetic variation and increase the likelihood of inbreeding, thus reducing population viability and evolutionary potential. However, multiple introductions and large founder numbers can prevent loss of genetic diversity and may therefore facilitate establishment success and range expansion. Based on a meta-analysis of 119 introductions of 85 species of plants and animals, we here show a quantitative effect of founding history on genetic diversity in introduced populations. Both introduction of large number of individuals and multiple introduction events significantly contribute to maintaining or even increasing genetic diversity in introduced populations. The most consistent loss of genetic diversity is seen in insects and mammals, whereas introduced plant populations tend to have higher genetic variation than native populations. However, loss or gain of genetic diversity does not explain variation in the extent to which plant or animal populations become invasive outside of their native range. These results provide strong support for predictions from population genetics theory with respect to patterns of genetic diversity in introduced populations, but suggest that invasiveness is not limited by genetic bottlenecks.	[Uller, Tobias] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Leimu, Roosa] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England	Uller, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.	tobias.uller@zoo.ox.ac.uk					Badyaev AV, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1125, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0285; Blackburn TM, 2009, OXFORD AVIAN BIOL, P1; Bomford M, 2009, BIOL INVASIONS, V11, P713, DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9285-3; Briscoe D. A, 2010, INTRO CONSERVATION G; Cheverud JM, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1042, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02345.x; Clark A, 2006, PRINCIPLES POPULATIO; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1989, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V236, P339, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1989.0027; Colautti RI, 2004, DIVERS DISTRIB, V10, P135, DOI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00061.x; Collyer ML, 2007, ECOL RES, V22, P902, DOI 10.1007/s11284-007-0385-9; Cooper H. 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S., 2000, METAWIN STAT SOFTWAR; Rosenthal DM, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P4657, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03844.x; Sakai AK, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P305, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114037; SAX DF, 2004, SPECIES INVASIONS IN; Simberloff D, 2009, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V40, P81, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120304; Suarez AV, 2008, AM NAT, V172, pS72, DOI 10.1086/588638; Suarez AV, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03456.x; Thompson GM, 1922, NATURALIZATION ANIMA; Tsutsui ND, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P1078, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0234412100; Wares JP, 2005, SPECIES INVASIONS: INSIGHTS INTO ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND BIOGEORGRAPHY, P229; Wilson JRU, 2009, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V24, P136, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.007; Yeh PJ, 2004, AM NAT, V164, P531, DOI 10.1086/423825	47	47	48	4	93	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1354-1013	1365-2486		GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL	Glob. Change Biol.	NOV	2011	17	11					3478	3485		10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02509.x				8	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	836UA	WOS:000296137000017					2019-02-21	
J	Liu, JH; Lummaa, V				Liu, Jianghua; Lummaa, Virpi			Age at first reproduction and probability of reproductive failure in women	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Delayed reproduction; Sexual maturity; Life history; Lineage persistence	PREINDUSTRIAL HUMAN-POPULATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; MATERNAL AGE; NATURAL-SELECTION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FECUNDITY; FITNESS; SUCCESS; HUMANS; PARENTHOOD	Life history theory predicts a trade-off between fitness benefits and costs of delaying age at first reproduction (AFR). In many human populations, maternal AFR has been increasingly delayed beyond sexual maturity over the past decades, raising a question of whether any fitness benefits accrued outweigh costs incurred. To investigate the cost benefit trade-off concerning AFR in women, we construct a theoretical model and test its predictions using pedigree data from historical Finnish mothers. The model predicts that the probability of reproductive failure (no offspring produced reaching breeding) will increase with AFR if the benefit with delaying in terms of improvement to offspring quality (i.e., breeding probability) cannot offset the cost from decline in offspring quantity. The data show that offspring quantity declined significantly with delayed reproduction, while offspring quality remained initially constant before declining when AFR was delayed beyond 30. Consistent with the theoretical model's predictions, reproductive failure probability increased markedly with delaying AFR after 30, independently of maternal socioeconomic status. Our study is the first to investigate the associations between delay in AFR after sexual maturity and changes in not only offspring quantity but also offspring quality and suggest a significant evolutionary disadvantage of delayed AFR beyond 30 for lineage persistence in a predemographic transition society. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Liu, Jianghua; Lummaa, Virpi] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Liu, JH (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.	jianghua.liu@sheffield.ac.uk			University of Sheffield; Kone Foundation; European Research Council; Royal Society of London	We thank Alexandra Alvergne, Andrew Beckerman, Fansuo Geng, Duncan Gillespie, Ben Hatchwell, Bobbi S. Low, Jenni Pettay, Ian Rickard, Matt Robinson, Andrew F. Russell, Jessica Stapley and Masao Yamashita for comments. We thank Lasse Iso-livari, Kimmo Pokkinen, Aino Siitonen and Timo Verho for collecting the genealogical data. We thank the University of Sheffield (JL), Kone Foundation (VL, JL), the European Research Council and the Royal Society of London (VL) for funding.	Allal N, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2623; Buss D. 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Hum. Behav.	NOV	2011	32	6					433	443		10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.10.007				11	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences	834JL	WOS:000295955500007					2019-02-21	
J	Gillath, O; Landau, MJ; Selcuk, E; Goldenberg, JL				Gillath, Omri; Landau, Mark J.; Selcuk, Emre; Goldenberg, Jamie L.			Effects of low survivability cues and participant sex on physiological and behavioral responses to sexual stimuli	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Sex; Death; Life history theory; Sexual selection; Implicit measures	MORTALITY SALIENCE; LIFE; ATTACHMENT; CHILDHOOD; EVOLUTION; PRESSURE; STRESS; DEATH	According to life history theory, environmental cues indicating that one's future survivability is low increase reproductive effort. This suggests that exposure to low survivability cues will increase people's preparedness to engage in sex. However, according to sexual selection theory and parental investment theory, evolutionary pressures favored a more conservative sexual strategy among women compared to men. We therefore hypothesized that men, but not women, would respond to low survivability cues with increased sexual preparedness. Accordingly, both subliminal and supraliminal death primes (as compared with control primes) led men, but not women, to exhibit increased physiological arousal in response to sexual images (Study 1), and stronger approach-oriented behavioral responses to sexual images (Study 2). Theoretical implications for life history theory are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Gillath, Omri] Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA; [Selcuk, Emre] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA; [Goldenberg, Jamie L.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA	Gillath, O (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd,Rm 518, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.	ogillath@ku.edu		Gillath, Omri/0000-0001-8791-227X; Selcuk, Emre/0000-0002-2955-4221			Baumeister RF, 2001, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V5, P242, DOI 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0503_5; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; BOHLEN JG, 1984, ARCH INTERN MED, V144, P1745, DOI 10.1001/archinte.144.9.1745; Chen M, 1999, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V25, P215, DOI 10.1177/0146167299025002007; Chisholm JS, 2005, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V16, P233, DOI 10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; CHISHOLM JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Davis J, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P228, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.02.003; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; Ellis BJ, 1998, J PERS, V66, P383, DOI 10.1111/1467-6494.00017; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; FOX CA, 1969, J REPROD FERTIL, V19, P405; GADGIL M, 1972, AM NAT, V106, P14, DOI 10.1086/282748; GILLATH O, 2007, J SEX RES, V44, P1; Gillath O, 2010, EUR J SOC PSYCHOL, V40, P122, DOI 10.1002/ejsp.614; Goldenberg JL, 2002, J SEX RES, V39, P310, DOI 10.1080/00224490209552155; Goldenberg JL, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P1173, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1173; Goldenberg JL, 2001, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V130, P427, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.130.3.427; GRABER B, 1991, SEX ABUSE-J RES TR, V4, P151; GREENBERG J, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V67, P627, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.67.4.627; Griskevicius V, 2011, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V100, P1015, DOI 10.1037/a0022403; James Long Company, 1999, IBI AN SYST; Jarvis B. G., 2002, DIRECTRT RES SOFTWAR; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-7; Kim K, 1997, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V18, P109, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(96)00114-6; Landau MJ, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V90, P129, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.129; Lang PJ, 2005, A6 U FLOR CTR RES PS; Robert T, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; ROFF DA, 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Simpson JA, 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P131; SOLOMON S, 1991, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, V24, P91; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1977, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V8, P145, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.001045; Vigil JM, 2006, J FAM PSYCHOL, V20, P597, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.597; WASSER SK, 2001, REPROD ECOLOGY HUMAN, P137; WATSON D, 1994, PANAS X MANUAL UNPUB; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	39	4	4	0	9	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	0022-1031			J EXP SOC PSYCHOL	J. Exp. Soc. Psychol.	NOV	2011	47	6					1219	1224		10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.003				6	Psychology, Social	Psychology	833QO	WOS:000295900200023					2019-02-21	
J	Cicero, L; Sivinski, J; Rull, J; Aluja, M				Cicero, Lizette; Sivinski, John; Rull, Juan; Aluja, Martin			Effect of larval host food substrate on egg load dynamics, egg size and adult female size in four species of braconid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids	JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY			English	Article						Reproductive investment; Egg-load dynamics; Tephritidae; Braconidae; Anastrepha ludens	GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; BODY-SIZE; FLIES DIPTERA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ANASTREPHA SPP.; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; VENTURIA-CANESCENS; OVIPOSITOR LENGTH; REACTION NORMS	Life history theory predicts that individuals will allocate resources to different traits so as to maximize overall fitness. Because conditions experienced during early development can have strong downstream effects on adult phenotype and fitness, we investigated how four species of synovigenic, larval-pupal parasitoids that vary sharply in their degree of specialization (niche breadth) and life history (Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, Doryctobracon crawfordi, Opius hirtus and Utetes anastrephae), allocate resources acquired during the larval stage towards adult reproduction. Parasitoid larvae developed in a single host species reared on four different substrates that differed in quality. We measured parasitoid egg load at the moment of emergence and at 24 h, egg numbers over time, egg size, and also adult size. We predicted that across species the most specialized would have a lower capacity to respond to changes in host substrate quality than wasps with a broad host range, and that within species, females that emerged from hosts that developed in better quality substrates would have the most resources to invest in reproduction. Consistent with our predictions, the more specialized parasitoids were less plastic in some responses to host diet than the more generalist. However, patterns of egg load and size were variable across species. In general, there was a remarkable degree of reproductive effort-allocation constancy within parasitoid species. This may reflect more "time-limited" rather than "egg-limited" foraging strategies where the most expensive component of reproductive success is to locate and handle patchily-distributed and fruit-sequestered hosts. If so, egg costs, independent of degree of specialization, are relatively trivial and sufficient resources are available in fly larvae stemming from all of the substrates tested. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Cicero, Lizette; Rull, Juan; Aluja, Martin] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico; [Sivinski, John] Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA	Cicero, L (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Km 2-5 Carretera Antigua A,Coatepec 351, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico.	liciju@gmail.com	Cicero, Lizette/A-9848-2016; Aluja, Martin/Q-6810-2018	Cicero, Lizette/0000-0002-8486-5700; Aluja, Martin/0000-0002-2936-3011	Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) [46846-Q]; Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (SAGARPA-IICA-INECOL); United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)	This article is part of the Ph.D. Disseration of Lizette Cicero directed by Martin Aluja. Lizette Cicero acknowledges a fellowship by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT). We are grateful to Trevor Williams and two anonymous referees for many insightful suggestions for improvement and for identifying many weaknesses that guided us along the all-encompassing revision we ended up performing on a previous version of the manuscript. We thank Jovita Martinez Tlapa, Cecilia Arcos Martinez, Israel Peralta Mendez, Jesus Pale Pale, Brizia Gonzalez Luna, Carlo Sormani and Rafael Casas Ortega for technical assistance. This research was funded by CONACyT (46846-Q), Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (SAGARPA-IICA-INECOL), and the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS).	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W., 2009, Phenotypic plasticity of insects: mechanisms and consequences, P1; Zuur A., 2009, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6	73	12	12	2	31	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0022-1910			J INSECT PHYSIOL	J. Insect Physiol.	NOV	2011	57	11					1471	1479		10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.07.014				9	Entomology; Physiology; Zoology	Entomology; Physiology; Zoology	835YU	WOS:000296074000003	21819991				2019-02-21	
J	Pontoppidan, MB; Petersen, PM; Philipp, M				Pontoppidan, M. -B.; Petersen, P. M.; Philipp, M.			For she that hath, to her shall be given ... Implications of flowering in Anemone nemorosa L.	PLANT BIOLOGY			English	Article						Allocation; Anemone nemorosa L.; plasticity; preformation; trade-offs	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ORGAN PREFORMATION; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; TRADE-OFFS; LONG-TERM; REPRODUCTION; COSTS; GROWTH; RANUNCULACEAE; HERBS	We looked for life-history trade-offs between flowering, vegetative growth and somatic maintenance in the common woodland herb Anemone nemorosa. A. nemorosa forms a horizontal rhizome system consisting of previously formed annual segments and terminated by a flowering or non-flowering shoot. Resources acquired by the aboveground parts are used for flowering, seed production, storage and growth of the annual segments. Resources stored in the rhizome during the growing period are used for preformation of buds, somatic maintenance between two growing periods and development of aboveground parts in the following spring. We hypothesised that the decision to invest in flower buds depends on the amount of resources stored in the recently formed annual segment. We also hypothesised a trade-off between flowering and segment growth and, finally, as a consequence, we expected individual rhizomes to alternate between the flowering and the non-flowering state. We found that segments producing flower buds were significantly longer than non-flowering segments, indicating that resource level influences the function of the preformed buds. Contrary to our expectations, we found flowering rhizomes produced longer annual segments than non-flowering rhizomes. We suggest the larger leaf area of flowering rhizomes and occasional abortion of flowers or seeds as possible mechanisms behind this pattern. Our study shows that even though the decision to produce a flower bud is taken in another time-frame than that in which the actual flowering and fruiting takes place, an ostensibly inexpedient decision is changed to a neutral or even an advantageous incident.	[Pontoppidan, M. -B.; Petersen, P. M.; Philipp, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol & Evolut, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark	Pontoppidan, MB (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol & Evolut, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.	mbp@bio.ku.dk					Alpert P, 2002, EVOL ECOL, V16, P285, DOI 10.1023/A:1019684612767; Andersson S, 2005, AM J BOT, V92, P279, DOI 10.3732/ajb.92.2.279; BIERZYCHUDEK P, 1982, NEW PHYTOL, V90, P757, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03285.x; DeWitt TJ, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P77, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01274-3; Duchoslav M, 2009, POL J ECOL, V57, P15; Ehrlen J, 2001, J ECOL, V89, P237, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00546.x; Geber MA, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P211, DOI 10.2307/2960652; Geber Monica A., 1997, P113, DOI 10.1016/B978-012083490-7/50006-2; Horibata S, 2007, ANN BOT-LONDON, V100, P565, DOI 10.1093/aob/mcm131; INOUYE DW, 1986, AM J BOT, V73, P1535, DOI 10.2307/2443919; Lord J, 1998, NEW ZEAL J ECOL, V22, P25; Muller N, 2000, PLANT SYST EVOL, V221, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01086381; Obeso JR, 2002, NEW PHYTOL, V155, P321, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00477.x; Philipp M, 2007, PLANT SPEC BIOL, V22, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2007.00172.x; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Shefferson RP, 2007, J ECOL, V95, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01263.x; SHIRREFFS DA, 1985, J ECOL, V73, P1005, DOI 10.2307/2260164; STEARNS SC, 1989, FUNCT ECOL, V3, P259, DOI 10.2307/2389364; Suzuki Jun-ichirou, 1999, Plant Species Biology, V14, P11, DOI 10.1046/j.1442-1984.1999.00002.x; Thompson FL, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00701.x; TUOMI J, 1983, AM ZOOL, V23, P25; Tyler G, 2001, ANN BOT-LONDON, V87, P623, DOI 10.1006/anbo.2001.1383; Watson MA, 1997, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF CLONAL PLANTS, P31; Werger MJA, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V147, P396, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0280-4; Whigham DE, 2004, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V35, P583, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105708; Worley AC, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P1136, DOI 10.2307/2656977	26	3	3	1	13	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1435-8603			PLANT BIOLOGY	Plant Biol.	NOV	2011	13	6					842	847		10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00442.x				6	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	835JD	WOS:000296031800003	21973160				2019-02-21	
J	Hou, C; Bolt, KM; Bergman, A				Hou, Chen; Bolt, Kendra M.; Bergman, Aviv			A general model for ontogenetic growth under food restriction	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						energy allocation; food restriction; growth; metabolism	CHRONIC CALORIC RESTRICTION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; METABOLIC-RATE; DIETARY RESTRICTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; LIFE-SPAN; BODY-TEMPERATURE; JAPANESE-QUAIL; PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES; FEED RESTRICTION	Food restriction (FR) retards animals' growth. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon is important to conceptual problems in life-history theory, as well as to applied problems in animal husbandry and biomedicine. Despite a considerable amount of empirical data published since the 1930s, there is no relevant general theoretical framework that predicts how animals vary their energy budgets and life-history traits under FR. In this paper, we develop such a general quantitative model based on fundamental principles of metabolic energy allocation during ontogeny. This model predicts growth curves under varying conditions of FR, such as the compensatory growth, different age at which FR begins, its degree and its duration. Our model gives a quantitative explanation for the counter-intuitive phenomenon that under FR, lower body temperature and lower metabolism lead to faster growth and larger adult size. This model also predicts that the animals experiencing FR reach the same fraction of their adult mass at the same age as their ad libitum counterparts. All predictions are well supported by empirical data from mammals and birds of varying body size, under different conditions of FR.	[Hou, Chen; Bolt, Kendra M.; Bergman, Aviv] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA	Bergman, A (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.	aviv.bergman@einstein.yu.edu		Hou, Chen/0000-0002-3665-225X	Ellison Medical Foundation [AG-SS-2235]; NIH [R01-AG028872, P01-AG027734]	This work has been supported by grants from the Ellison Medical Foundation Senior Scholar Award AG-SS-2235, and NIH grants R01-AG028872 and P01-AG027734. We gratefully acknowledge the careful reviews and excellent suggestions of two anonymous reviewers of earlier versions of this manuscript.	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OCT 7	2011	278	1720					2881	2890		10.1098/rspb.2011.0047				10	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	811VS	WOS:000294244900004	21345868	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Fujiwara, M; Pfeiffer, G; Boggess, M; Day, S; Walton, J				Fujiwara, Masami; Pfeiffer, Georgia; Boggess, May; Day, Sarah; Walton, Jay			Coexistence of competing stage-structured populations	SCIENTIFIC REPORTS			English	Article							FOOD WEBS; ECOLOGY; MODELS	This paper analyzes the stability of a coexistence equilibrium point of a model for competition between two stage-structured populations. In this model, for each population, competition for resources may affect any one of the following population parameters: reproduction, juvenile survival, maturation rate, or adult survival. The results show that the competitive strength of a population is affected by (1) the ratio of the population parameter influenced by competition under no resource limitation (maximum compensatory capacity) over the same parameter under a resource limitation due to competition (equilibrium rate) and (2) the ratio of interspecific competition over intraspecific competition; this ratio was previously shown to depend on resource-use overlap. The former ratio, which we define as fitness, can be equalized by adjusting organisms' life history strategies, thereby promoting coexistence. We conclude that in addition to niche differentiation among populations, the life history strategies of organisms play an important role in coexistence.	[Fujiwara, Masami] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Pfeiffer, Georgia; Boggess, May; Walton, Jay] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Pfeiffer, Georgia; Day, Sarah] Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA	Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.	fujiwara@tamu.edu	Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012	Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043	King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-016-04]; NSF [DMS-0850470, DMS-0811370]	We thank editor and anonymous reviewers for providing comments. MF and JW were supported in part by Award No. KUS-C1-016-04, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). GP, MB, and JW were supported in part by the NSF REU program DMS-0850470. GP and SD were supported by NSF DMS-0811370.	Beverton R.J.H., 1957, DYNAMICS EXPLOITED F; Caswell H., 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Chesson P, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P343, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343; COHEN JE, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P252, DOI 10.2307/1939520; Cohen JE, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P22335, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0910582106; CUSHING JM, 2007, J BIOL DYNAM, V1, P1, DOI DOI 10.1080/17513750601125705; Gause GF, 1932, J EXP BIOL, V9, P389; HARDIN G, 1960, SCIENCE, V131, P1292, DOI 10.1126/science.131.3409.1292; HASSELL MP, 1976, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V9, P202, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(76)90045-9; Hubbell SP, 1997, CORAL REEFS, V16, pS9, DOI 10.1007/s003380050237; HUTCHINSON GE, 1957, COLD SPRING HARB SYM, V22, P415, DOI 10.1101/SQB.1957.022.01.039; HUTCHINSON GE, 1961, AM NAT, V95, P137, DOI 10.1086/282171; Loreau M, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P804, DOI 10.1126/science.1064088; Lotka AJ, 1920, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V6, P410, DOI 10.1073/pnas.6.7.410; Moll JD, 2008, AM NAT, V171, P839, DOI 10.1086/587517; Mougi A, 2005, ECOL RES, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/s11284-005-0070-9; Neubert MG, 2000, J MATH BIOL, V41, P103, DOI 10.1007/s002850070001; Nisbet RM, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P913, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00448.x; RICKER W. E., 1954, JOUR FISH RES BD CANADA, V11, P559; Rudolf VHW, 2011, ECOL LETT, V14, P75, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01558.x; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; WINEMILLER KO, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P585, DOI 10.1086/285559; Yodzis P, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P261, DOI 10.2307/177149	23	6	6	0	14	NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP	LONDON	MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND	2045-2322			SCI REP-UK	Sci Rep	OCT 5	2011	1								107	10.1038/srep00107				8	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	835SF	WOS:000296055400001	22355624	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Charnov, EL; Warne, R				Charnov, Eric L.; Warne, Robin			Average adult size in female lizards	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						Bertalanffy growth; growth curve; indeterminate growth; life-history strategy; r/K selection	LIFE-HISTORIES	Background: In organisms with indeterminate growth, the average size ((W) over bar in mass, (L) over bar in length) of an adult is a problem in life-history evolution because it involves the size at first reproduction, W-alpha (or L-alpha), as well as the additional growth thereafter, which reflects the balance between allocation of personal production to reproduction versus growth. Theory: Life-history evolution theory is used to predict that the average adult length (L) over bar for indeterminate growing female lizards should be about 1.2 times the body length at first reproduction, L-alpha within non-growing (r = 0) populations. Test: (L) over bar and L-alpha are estimated from field samples in 123 populations of 99 species. Results: The average ratio, (L) over bar /L-alpha, is 1.19 with a standard error for the mean of 0.008. The ratio does not correlate with L-alpha itself. Absence of correlation shows that r approximate to 0 even for small-bodied species, which, in turn, rejects the hypothesis that small-bodied species of lizards are r-selected compared with large-bodied species.	[Charnov, Eric L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Warne, Robin] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA	Charnov, EL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	rlc@unm.edu					Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Charnov EL, 2007, AM NAT, V170, pE129, DOI 10.1086/522840; Charnov EL, 2009, EVOL ECOL RES, V11, P983; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; PIANKA ER, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P453, DOI 10.1086/283013; PIANKA ER, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P592, DOI 10.1086/282697; TURNER FB, 1970, J ANIM ECOL, V39, P505, DOI 10.2307/2985	7	1	1	1	11	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	OCT	2011	13	7					753	757						5	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	962JU	WOS:000305542200007					2019-02-21	
J	Fischer, M; Weyand, A; Rudmann-Maurer, K; Stocklin, J				Fischer, Markus; Weyand, Anne; Rudmann-Maurer, Katrin; Stoecklin, Juerg			Adaptation of Poa alpina to altitude and land use in the Swiss Alps	ALPINE BOTANY			English	Article						Alpine grassland; Common garden experiment; Phenotypic plasticity; Quantitative genetic diversity; Reproduction	PRIMARY SUCCESSION GRADIENT; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CLONAL PLANT; GRASSLAND COMMUNITIES; VIVIPARA L; POPULATIONS; L.	Current land use and climate change are prompting questions about the ability of plants to adapt to such environmental change. Therefore, we experimentally addressed plant performance and quantitative-genetic diversity of the common Alpine Meadow Grass Poa alpina. We asked how land use and altitude affect the occurrence of P. alpina in the field and whether its common- garden performance suggests adaptation to conditions at plant origin and differences in quantitative genetic diversity among plant origins. Among 216 candidate grassland sites of different land use and altitude from 12 villages in the Swiss Alps, P. alpina occurred preferentially in fertilized and grazed sites and at higher elevations. In a common garden at 1,500 m asl, we grew two plants of [ 600 genotypes representing 78 grassland sites. After 2 years, nearly 90% of all plants had reproduced. In agreement with adaptive advantages of vegetative reproduction at higher altitudes, only 23% of reproductive plants from lower altitudes reproduced via vegetative bulbils, but 55% of plants from higher altitudes. In agreement with adaptive advantages of reproduction in grazed sites, allocation to reproductive biomass was higher in plants from grazed grasslands than from mown ones. For 53 grasslands, we also investigated broad-sense heritability H-2, which was significant for all studied traits and twice as high for grazed as for mown grasslands. Moreover, possibly associated with their higher landscape diversity, H-2 was higher for sites of villages of Romanic cultural tradition than for those of Germanic and Walser traditions. We suggest promoting diverse land use regimes to conserve not only landscape and plant species diversity, but also adaptive genetic differentiation and heritable genetic variation.	[Fischer, Markus] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bot Garden, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; [Weyand, Anne] Univ Zurich, Inst Environm Sci & Evolut, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Rudmann-Maurer, Katrin; Stoecklin, Juerg] Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; [Fischer, Markus] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland	Fischer, M (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bot Garden, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.	markus.fischer@ips.unibe.ch	Stocklin, Jurg/F-5029-2012; Fischer, Markus/C-6411-2008	Fischer, Markus/0000-0002-5589-5900	Swiss National Science Foundation SNF [4048-064494/1]	We are grateful to Christine and Kai HuovinenHufschmid for providing land and care for our plants. We also thank numerous student workers for their great help in the field and lab, all municipalities and farmers for the permission to work on their land, and Mark van Kleunen, Oliver Bossdorf and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. 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Bot.	OCT	2011	121	2					91	105		10.1007/s00035-011-0096-2				15	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	889UU	WOS:000300100700003					2019-02-21	
J	Segner, H				Segner, Helmut			Moving beyond a descriptive aquatic toxicology: The value of biological process and trait information	AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY			English	Article						Biological response profile; Toxicity pathway; Phenotypic trait; Effect propgataion; Multiple stress	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; FISH POPULATIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TRACE ORGANICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOTOXICOLOGY; TOXICITY; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT	In order to improve the ability to link chemical exposure to toxicological and ecological effects, aquatic toxicology will have to move from observing what chemical concentrations induce adverse effects to more explanatory approaches, that are concepts which build on knowledge of biological processes and pathways leading from exposure to adverse effects, as well as on knowledge on stressor vulnerability as given by the genetic, physiological and ecological (e.g., life history) traits of biota. Developing aquatic toxicology in this direction faces a number of challenges, including (i) taking into account species differences in toxicant responses on the basis of the evolutionarily developed diversity of phenotypic vulnerability to environmental stressors, (ii) utilizing diversified biological response profiles to serve as biological read across for prioritizing chemicals, categorizing them according to modes of action, and for guiding targeted toxicity evaluation; (iii) prediction of ecological consequences of toxic exposure from knowledge of how biological processes and phenotypic traits lead to effect propagation across the levels of biological hierarchy; and (iv) the search for concepts to assess the cumulative impact of multiple stressors. An underlying theme in these challenges is that, in addition to the question of what the chemical does to the biological receptor, we should give increasing emphasis to the question how the biological receptor handles the chemicals, i.e., through which pathways the initial chemical-biological interaction extends to the adverse effects, how this extension is modulated by adaptive or compensatory processes as well as by phenotypic traits of the biological receptor. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland	Segner, H (reprint author), Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Ctr Fish & Wildlife Hlth, POB 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.	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Toxicol.	OCT	2011	105			3-4	SI		50	55		10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.016				6	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology	875VF	WOS:000299062600007	22099344				2019-02-21	
J	Van Leeuwen, TE; Rosenfeld, JS; Richards, JG				Van Leeuwen, Travis E.; Rosenfeld, Jordan S.; Richards, Jeffrey G.			Failure of physiological metrics to predict dominance in juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): habitat effects on the allometry of growth in dominance hierarchies	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; BROWN TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; STEELHEAD TROUT; METABOLIC-RATE; ROSYSIDE DACE; PRIOR RESIDENCE; SOCIAL-STATUS	Territoriality is one of the best examples of interference competition and generally results in larger, dominant individuals gaining preferential access to food. However, the expectation of higher growth of dominant individuals among juvenile salmonids has received only mixed support. We used outdoor semi-natural stream channels stocked with varying sizes of young of the year juvenile salmonids under high and low food rations (i) to examine the mechanisms underlying variation in the benefits of dominance and (ii) to demonstrate that inconsistencies in the apparent benefits of dominance are a logical outcome of the allometry of growth and differential energy intake among fish of different size in a dominance hierarchy. Growth of dominants exceeded that of subordinates when food was abundant, but subordinates grew faster than dominants in low food treatments and when dominant fish increased in size and approached the capacity of their habitat. In general, size disparity within a dominance hierarchy may promote higher growth of subdominants because of the lower energetic requirements of smaller individuals, and the allometry of fish growth, relative to habitat capacity, can reverse the expected growth and condition of dominant and subordinate fish.	[Van Leeuwen, Travis E.; Richards, Jeffrey G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Rosenfeld, Jordan S.] Univ British Columbia, British Columbia Minist Environm, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Van Leeuwen, TE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.	t.vanLeeuwen@fisheries.ubc.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)	We thank Neil Metcalfe and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank Dave Bates for advice and assistance with stream selection and fish collection, as well as Antoine Leduc. This research was part of a dissertation prepared in partial fulfillment of a M.Sc. degree at the University of British Columbia and was funded by an Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) discovery grant to J.S.R.	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J	Greiffenstein, MF				Greiffenstein, Manfred F.			SECULAR IQ INCREASES BY EPIGENESIS? THE HYPOTHESIS OF COGNITIVE GENOTYPE OPTIMIZATION	PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS			English	Article							EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; INTELLIGENCE; TRENDS; MYOPIA; TWIN; PERSONALITY; COMPLEXITY; GENES; GIRLS	The short timescale of massive secular IQ gains ("Flynn Effect") is inconsistent with positive selection of a recent gene mutation, but other genetic mechanisms are possible. Principles of evolutionary psychology, combined with secular trends, suggest an epigenetic explanation: the Cognitive Genome Optimization Hypothesis. Per life-history theory, favorable secular trends may change the phenotypic expression of the genotype which controls the neurophysiology of problem solving. The hypothesis posits two intermediate steps between reliable nutrition (the starting point) and higher IQs (ending point): (1) Earlier cognitive maturation and (2) further calibration of cognitive function by reliable social resources (cultural complexity, mandatory education). Unlike earlier generations, more resources can be deployed to cognitive maturation than to physical survival, and more time is available to calibrate cognitive processing into the upper end of the trait value range for intelligence. The secular trend of earlier puberty timing is critical: data show an association between puberty and higher IQ.		Greiffenstein, MF (reprint author), 32121 Woodward Ave,Suite 201, Royal Oak, MI USA.	mfgreiff@comcast.net					CAMERON J. 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J	Mathes, EW				Mathes, Eugene W.			INVESTMENT IN PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT SCALE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY	PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS			English	Article								Life history theory suggests that reproduction of the species involves three areas of investment: personal development, mating, and nurturing offspring. Using the rational method of test construction, a 29-item scale was constructed to measure investment in personal development, the Investment in Personal Development Scale. Scale scores were statistically significantly correlated with age, year in school, identity commitment, and conscientiousness.	Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA	Mathes, EW (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	EW-Mathes@wiu.edu					BALISTRERI E, 1995, J ADOLESCENCE, V18, P179, DOI 10.1006/jado.1995.1012; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; JOHN OP, 1999, HDB PERSONALITY THEO, P102	3	0	0	0	4	AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD	MISSOULA	PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA	0033-2941			PSYCHOL REP	Psychol. Rep.	OCT	2011	109	2					389	392		10.2466/07.PR0.109.5.389-392				4	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	854YR	WOS:000297531200005	22238847				2019-02-21	
J	O'Brien, TG; Kinnaird, MF				O'Brien, Timothy G.; Kinnaird, Margaret F.			Demography of Agile Gibbons (Hylobates agilis) in a Lowland Tropical Rain Forest of Southern Sumatra, Indonesia: Problems in Paradise	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY			English	Article						Agile gibbon; Demography of agile gibbons; Resource competition; Sumatra, Indonesia	SYMPHALANGUS-SYNDACTYLUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SYMPATRIC GIBBONS; LAR; POPULATION; SIAMANG; ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTION; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL	Gibbons are among the best-studied Asian primates, but few studies address their demography and life history strategies. We used annual censuses to study the demography of agile gibbons (Hylobates agilis) between 1998 and 2009 in rain forests of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia. The population declined from 22 individuals (9 groups) to 14 individuals (5 groups) over the 12 yr of study. Infant survival to the juvenile age class was 33.3%, and 16.7% of infants survived to the subadult age class. The interbirth interval was 3.83 +/- 1.15 yr and birth rate was 0.22-0.28 infants female(-1) yr(-1). Two groups colonized the study area but subsequently disappeared. We documented 7 immigrations, 17 disappearances, and >= 10 transients in the population. Compared to lar gibbons (Hylobates lar) and Bornean white-bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis), Way Canguk's agile gibbon population is characterized by slow reproduction, low survival, and high group turnover. We hypothesize that, although the habitat is high in fruit resources, agile gibbons may be displaced or excluded from the best fruit resources by larger and more numerous competitors, incurring costs of decreased opportunities to forage and increased travel, and leading to higher mortality for young agile gibbons. The reproductive potential of this agile gibbon population is insufficient to compensate for high mortality, and the population is unlikely to persist without immigration from outside the area. Given the agile gibbons' endangered status and limited capacity to respond demographically to change, it is likely that intensive management interventions will be required to conserve this species.	[O'Brien, Timothy G.; Kinnaird, Margaret F.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA; [O'Brien, Timothy G.; Kinnaird, Margaret F.] Mpala Res Ctr, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya	O'Brien, TG (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.	tobrien@wcs.org			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [98210-1-G084]; Disney Conservation Fund	This research is a collaborative effort by the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry, Directorate General for Nature Conservation (PHKA). Our research was funded by the Wildlife Conservation Society, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Great Apes Conservation Fund (grant no. 98210-1-G084), the Disney Conservation Fund, and E. McBean. We thank A. Dwiyahreni, M. Iqbal, A. Nurcahyo, M. Nusawalo, M. Prasetyaningrum, M. Rusmanto, Sunarto, D. Suyadi, N. Winarni, Aris, Bawk, Tegu, and Wariono for assistance with data collection over the years. A. Elder provided valuable insights into the interspecific relationships of Way Canguk primates, L. Morino provided details of clouded leopard predation on a juvenile siamang at Way Canguk, and R Palombit and C. van Schaik provided information on the relationships of lar gibbons and siamangs in northern Sumatra. Our manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of J. Setchell and 2 anonymous reviewers.	Altmann J., 1980, BABOON MOTHERS INFAN; Bartlett T. 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J	Levitis, DA; Lackey, LB				Levitis, Daniel A.; Lackey, Laurie Bingaman			A measure for describing and comparing postreproductive life span as a population trait	METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						demography; life-history evolution; life-table methods; menopause; primates; simulation; Type I error	REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; POECILIA-RETICULATA; NATURAL-SELECTION; MENOPAUSE; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; MORTALITY; HUMANS; SURVIVAL; HISTORY	1. While classical life-history theory does not predict postreproductive life span (PRLS), it has been detected in a great number of taxa, leading to the view that it is a broadly conserved trait and attempts to reconcile theory with these observations. We suggest an alternative: the apparently wide distribution of significant PRLS is an artefact of insufficient methods. 2. PRLS is traditionally measured in units of time between each individual's last parturition and death, after excluding those individuals for whom this interval is short. A mean of this measure is then calculated as a population value. We show this traditional population measure (which we denote PrT) to be inconsistently calculated, inherently biased, strongly correlated with overall longevity, uninformative on the importance of PRLS in a population's life history, unable to use the most commonly available form of relevant data and without a realistic null hypothesis. Using data altered to ensure that the null hypothesis is true, we find a false-positive rate of 0 47 for PrT. 3. We propose an alternative population measure, using life-table methods. Postreproductive representation (PrR) is the proportion of adult years lived which are postreproductive. We briefly derive PrR and discuss its properties. We employ a demographic simulation, based on the null hypothesis of simultaneous and proportional decline in survivorship and fecundity, to produce a null distribution for PrR based on the age-specific rates of a population. 4. In an example analysis, using data on 84 populations of human and nonhuman primates, we demonstrate the ability of PrR to represent the effects of artificial protection from mortality and of humanness on PRLS. PrR is found to be higher for all human populations under a wide range of conditions than for any nonhuman primate in our sample. A strong effect of artificial protection is found, but humans under the most adverse conditions still achieve PrR of >0.3. 5. PrT should not be used as a population measure and should be used as an individual measure only with great caution. The use of PrRas an intuitive, statistically valid and intercomparable population life-history measure is encouraged.	[Levitis, Daniel A.] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Lab Evolutionary Biodemog, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; [Levitis, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Levitis, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Demog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Lackey, Laurie Bingaman] Int Species Informat Syst, Eagan, MN 55121 USA	Levitis, DA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Lab Evolutionary Biodemog, Konrad Zuse Str 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.	levitis@demogr.mpg.de			Max Planck Society; Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NIA) [T32-AG000246]; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology;  [P01 AG022500]	We thank Ronald Lee and his lab, D. Reznick, C. Moritz, E. Lacey, W. Koenig, O. Jones, I. Levitis and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions and encouragement. We thank ISIS and its members, N. Blurton-Jones and K. Hawkes, for providing us with data. DL's research was supported by the Max Planck Society, the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NIA grant T32-AG000246), by Ronald Lee's subproject in P01 AG022500 and by the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology.	Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; Austad S.N., 1997, ZEUS SALMON BIODEMOG, P161; Biodemographic Database, 2010, BIOD DAT; Blurton-Jones N. 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D., 2007, PLOS ONE, V2, pe758; Wachter KW, 1997, ZEUS SALMON BIODEMOG; Ward E. J., 2009, FRONTIERS ZOOLOGY, V4	48	20	20	0	26	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	2041-210X	2041-2096		METHODS ECOL EVOL	Methods Ecol. Evol.	OCT	2011	2	5					446	453		10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00095.x				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	852CI	WOS:000297323700003	22081792	Bronze, Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Bortolotti, LE; Harriman, VB; Clark, RG; Dawson, RD				Bortolotti, L. E.; Harriman, V. B.; Clark, R. G.; Dawson, R. D.			Can changes in provisioning by parent birds account for seasonally declining patterns of offspring recruitment?	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE			English	Article							NESTLING TREE SWALLOWS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; BREEDING SUCCESS; BARN SWALLOWS; NESTING BIRD; BROOD-SIZE; QUALITY; GROWTH	Declining reproductive success among individuals that breed later in the season occurs in numerous taxa and is particularly well-documented in birds. Principal ideas advanced to explain this pattern, the date and parental quality hypotheses, consider the ultimate causes of this phenomenon and have received much attention; however, proximate mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Parental provisioning could mediate a seasonal decline in nestling fitness. We delayed hatch dates and manipulated brood sizes of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)) to assess the ability of parents to compensate for deteriorating environmental conditions and increased demands of more chicks. We measured provisioning rates using audio recordings of nestlings begging. Brood size was the best predictor of provisioning frequency, with parents feeding larger broods more frequently than smaller ones. Delayed hatching did not reduce provisioning rate despite declining food abundance. Date and food abundance were unrelated to provisioning rate, suggesting no seasonal change in the quantity of food nestlings receive. However, provisioning frequency was informative about life-history strategies of Tree Swallows, showing that late breeders incurred the costs of deteriorating environmental conditions rather than passing these costs on to their offspring.	[Bortolotti, L. E.; Harriman, V. B.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Clark, R. G.] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada; [Dawson, R. D.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada	Bortolotti, LE (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405 Biol Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.	lauren.bortolotti@ualberta.ca	Bortolotti, Lauren/F-2026-2010	Bortolotti, Lauren/0000-0003-1505-8427	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); University of Saskatchewan; Environment Canada	We thank C. Spence and the St. Denis Automatic Weather Station Team for weather data, as well as P. Bloom, M. Bidwell, G. Bortolotti, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to R. G. C. and R. D. D. L. E. B. was supported by a NSERC undergraduate research award and V. B. H. by a University of Saskatchewan postgraduate research award. Core funding at the NWA was provided by Environment Canada.	Ambrosini R, 2006, ECOSCIENCE, V13, P298, DOI 10.2980/i1195-6860-13-3-298.1; Aparicio JM, 1998, J AVIAN BIOL, V29, P121, DOI 10.2307/3677189; Ardia DR, 2007, CAN J ZOOL, V85, P847, DOI 10.1139/Z07-070; Arnold JM, 2004, J AVIAN BIOL, V35, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03059.x; *AV BIOAC, 1999, SASLAB LIGHT VERS 3; Blums P, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P280, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00598.x; Burnham K. 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J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.	OCT	2011	89	10					921	928		10.1139/Z11-068				8	Zoology	Zoology	848BV	WOS:000297023100005					2019-02-21	
J	Saraux, C; Robinson-Laverick, SM; Le Maho, Y; Ropert-Coudert, Y; Chiaradia, A				Saraux, Claire; Robinson-Laverick, Sarah M.; Le Maho, Yvon; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Chiaradia, Andre			Plasticity in foraging strategies of inshore birds: how Little Penguins maintain body reserves while feeding offspring	ECOLOGY			English	Article						bimodal trips; body condition; chick rearing; Eudyptula minor; foraging strategies; Little Penguin; parental investment; Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia; trip duration	EUDYPTULA-MINOR; PELAGIC SEABIRD; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; CROZET ISLANDS; CHICK GROWTH; FOOD; PATTERNS; SHEARWATER; SUCCESS	Breeding animals face important time and energy constraints when caring for themselves and their offspring. For long-lived species, life-history theory predicts that parents should favor survival over current reproductive attempts, thus investing more into their own maintenance than the provisioning of their young. In seabirds, provisioning strategies may additionally be influenced by the distance between breeding sites and foraging areas, and offshore and inshore species should thus exhibit different strategies. Here, we examine the provisioning strategies of an inshore seabird using a long-term data set on more than 200 Little Penguins, Eudyptula minor. They alternated between two consecutive long and several short foraging trips all along chick rearing, a strategy almost never observed for inshore animals. Short trips allowed for regular provisioning of the chicks (high feeding frequency and larger meals), whereas long trips were performed when parent body mass was low and enabled them to rebuild their reserves, suggesting that adult body condition may be a key factor in initiating long trips. Inshore seabirds do use dual strategies of alternating short and long trips, but from our data, on a simpler and less flexible way than for offshore birds.	[Saraux, Claire; Le Maho, Yvon; Ropert-Coudert, Yan] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, F-67087 Strasbourg, France; [Saraux, Claire; Le Maho, Yvon; Ropert-Coudert, Yan] CNRS, UMR 7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France; [Saraux, Claire] AgroParisTech, ENGREF, F-75732 Paris, France; [Robinson-Laverick, Sarah M.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia; [Chiaradia, Andre] Phillip Isl Nat Pk, Res Dept, Cowes, Vic 3922, Australia	Saraux, C (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.	claire.saraux@iphc.cnrs.fr		Saraux, Claire/0000-0001-5061-4009; Chiaradia, Andre/0000-0002-6178-4211	BHP-Billiton; Penguin Foundation; Australian Academy of Science	We thank V. A. Viblanc for his great help and useful comments on the manuscript. We are especially grateful to T. Hart for his advice on statistics (especially the use of GLMM against use of Hidden Markov Models). We also thank two anonymous reviewers for very helpful suggestions. This study was based on data collected over several years; we are very grateful for all field assistance from several volunteers and students (in particular, J. Yorke, T. Daniel, P. Fallow, M. Salton, P. Wasiak, and R. Long) and the staff of the Phillip Island Nature Park (in particular, P. Dann, L. Renwick, and all field rangers). The Automated Penguin Monitoring System was kindly provided by the Australian Antarctic Division, with particular thanks to Knowles Kerry and Kym Newbery, as well as all engineers involved in the research and development of this system. We are also thankful for grants received from BHP-Billiton, Penguin Foundation, and the Australian Academy of Science.	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J	Feurdean, A; Tantau, I; Farcas, S				Feurdean, Angelica; Tantau, Ioan; Farcas, Sorina			Holocene variability in the range distribution and abundance of Pinus, Picea abies, and Quercus in Romania; implications for their current status	QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS			English	Article						Pinus diploxylontype; Pinus cembra; Picea abies; Quercus; Tree establishment; Range distribution; Variability; Climate; Resilience; Pollen maps; Holocene; Romania; Eastern Europe	POLLEN ACCUMULATION RATES; NW ROMANIA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GUTAIULUI MOUNTAINS; VEGETATION HISTORY; NORWAY SPRUCE; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; NORTHWESTERN ROMANIA; FOREST DYNAMICS; FOSSIL POLLEN	This paper examines fourteen fossil pollen datasets from Romania. It aims to investigate the temporal and spatial variability in the range distribution and abundance of three forest taxa, Pinus, Picea abies, and Quercus, during the Holocene. This is essential for understanding their current status in the forests of Eastern Europe, the conditions under which they arose, and the timing and processes responsible for their variability. Results from this synthesis do not indicate any apparent time lag in the establishment of Pinus diploxylon type (Pinus sylvestris and Pin us mu go), Pin us cembra, P. abies, and Quercus across Romania within the limits of the dating resolution. However, the onset of the mass expansion of P. abies was not uniform, spreading earlier from sites in the western and north-western Carpathians (11,000-10,500 yr BP) than in the east (10,000 yr BP). We found that sites from the western, north-western, and northern Carpathians contained higher abundances of P. abies, whilst Quercus was in higher abundances in sites from the east, but there was no regional distinctiveness in the abundance of Pinus across the study area. However, P. diploxylon type was found in much higher abundance than P. cembra. Additionally, results indicate a greater proportion of Pinus (mainly P. diplxylon type) at high elevations, P. abies at mid to high elevations, and Quercus at low elevations (< 500 m). The dominance of Pinus in the early Holocene boreal forest is likely the legacy of its local glacial refugia, fast life history strategies, high stress tolerance, and large habitat availability. In contrast, Pinus exhibited poor competitive abilities and was quickly replaced with P. abies and temperate deciduous taxa after 10,500 yr BP. P abies has persisted in large abundances at higher elevations (above 1000 m) until the present day, as a result of good competitive abilities, and resilience to climate change and disturbance. The long-term dominance of P. abies appears to have been spatially constrained, as populations below ca 1000 m were replaced by Fagus sylvatica from ca 4000 years ago, Recently, Pinus (mainly P. sylvestris) and P. abies have both experienced range expansions a consequence of forest management. Quercus is the only continental deciduous tree that has maintained high abundance throughout the whole Holocene. Members of this genus demonstrated high resilience to climate change and disturbance; following a period of decline it was capable of recovery during subsequent intervals of warm conditions or disturbance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Feurdean, Angelica] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany; [Feurdean, Angelica] Nat Hist Museum, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany; [Feurdean, Angelica] LOEWE Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany; [Tantau, Ioan] Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Geol, Cluj Napoca 400084, Romania; [Farcas, Sorina] Inst Biol Res, Cluj Napoca 400015, Romania	Feurdean, A (reprint author), Senckenberg Res Inst, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany.	angelica.feurdean@senckenberg.de	Farcas, Sorina/D-9699-2016; Tantau, Ioan/B-8788-2011; Biodiversity & Climate Res Ctr, BiK-F/C-4266-2012	Tantau, Ioan/0000-0002-7197-916X; Feurdean, Angelica/0000-0002-2497-3005	German Research Foundation [FE-1096/2-1]; IT; SF [PN II ID_2263 (CNCSIS)]	AF acknowledges funding from German Research Foundation, grant FE-1096/2-1, IT and SF the grant PN II ID_2263 (CNCSIS). Suggestions on the manuscript from colleagues at the Oxford Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, particularly Alistair Seddon and two anonymous referees are greatly appreciated.	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Sci. Rev.	OCT	2011	30	21-22					3060	3075		10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.005				16	Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	Physical Geography; Geology	830NK	WOS:000295663500014					2019-02-21	
J	Nilsson, KA; Lundback, S; Postavnicheva-Harri, A; Persson, L				Nilsson, Karin A.; Lundback, Sow; Postavnicheva-Harri, Alexandra; Persson, Lennart			Guppy populations differ in cannibalistic degree and adaptation to structural environments	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Cannibalism; Size dependence; Habitat use; Structural heterogeneity; Predation	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR; POECILIA-RETICULATA; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; ARCTIC CHARR; NOTONECTA-HOFFMANNI; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; OFFSPRING SIZE; GROWTH-RATES	There is considerable variation in cannibalism between different species and also between individuals of different species, although relatively little is known about what creates this variation. We investigated the degree of cannibalism in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations originating from high and low predation environments in Trinidad, and also how cannibalism was affected by the presence of refuges. Females from two populations were allowed to feed on juveniles from two populations in aquaria trials. The cannibalism was size-dependent and varied depending on both juvenile and female origin. Low predation females were more efficient cannibals and low predation juveniles were better at avoiding cannibalism compared to high predation guppies when no refuges were present. The high predation females were superior cannibals and the high predation juveniles were better at escaping cannibalism than the low predation guppies when refuges were present. We discuss whether the differences in cannibalism and response to refuge addition relate to predation-induced habitat shifts and differences in the guppies' natural environment.	[Nilsson, Karin A.; Lundback, Sow; Postavnicheva-Harri, Alexandra; Persson, Lennart] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden	Nilsson, KA (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden.	karin.nilsson@emg.umu.se	Persson, Lennart/B-2885-2012		Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation	We thank David Reznick for sending us guppies and for commenting on the manuscript and Volker Rudolf and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council to L. Persson. Economical support for buying aquarium facilities and image analysis system used in the experiment was given by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation.	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J	Sletvold, N; Agren, J				Sletvold, Nina; Agren, Jon			Among-population variation in costs of reproduction in the long-lived orchid Gymnadenia conopsea: an experimental study	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Fitness components; Hand-pollination; Life-history evolution; Reproductive allocation; Trade-off	LADYS-SLIPPER ORCHID; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; PERENNIAL HERB; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SIZE; PLANT; STORAGE; GROWTH; SAXIFRAGA	A cost of reproduction in terms of reduced future performance underlies all life-history models, yet costs have been difficult to detect in short-term experiments with long-lived plants. The likelihood of detecting costs should depend on the range of variation in reproductive effort that can be induced, and also on the shape of the cost function across this range, which should be affected by resource availability. Here, we experimentally examined the effects of both reduced and increased fruit production in two populations of the long-lived orchid Gymnadenia conopsea located at sites that differ in length of the growing season. Plants that were prevented from fruiting produced more flowers in the population with a longer growing season, had higher survival in the other population, and grew larger compared to control plants in both populations. Fruit production was pollen-limited in both populations, and increased reproductive investment after supplemental hand-pollination was associated with reduced fecundity the following year. The results demonstrate that the shape of the cost function varies among fitness components, and that costs can be differentially expressed in different populations. They are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in temporal overlap between allocation to reproduction and other functions will induce among-population variation in reproductive costs.	[Sletvold, Nina] Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Agren, Jon] Uppsala Univ, EBC, Dept Ecol & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden	Sletvold, N (reprint author), Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.	nina.sletvold@vm.ntnu.no; jon.agren@ebc.uu.se	Agren, Jon/E-6093-2011	Agren, Jon/0000-0001-9573-2463	Norwegian Research Council; Swedish Research Council	This study was financially supported by grants from the Norwegian Research Council to N.S., and from the Swedish Research Council to J.A. We thank J.M. Grindeland for assistance during field work, and A.A. Winn and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Our work complied with the current laws of Norway.	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J	MacColl, ADC				MacColl, Andrew D. C.			The ecological causes of evolution	TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION			English	Review							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; NATURAL-SELECTION; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS	Natural selection is the process that results in adaptive evolution, but it is not the cause of evolution. The cause of natural selection and, therefore, of adaptive evolution, is any environmental factor (agent of selection) that results in differential fitness among phenotypes. Surprisingly little is known about selective agents, how they interact or their relative importance across taxa. Here, I outline three approaches for their investigation: functional analysis, correlational analysis and experimental manipulation. 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J	Kramer, KL				Kramer, Karen L.			The evolution of human parental care and recruitment of juvenile help	TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION			English	Review							HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; HUNTER-GATHERERS; WILD CHIMPANZEES; HUMAN GROWTH; TRADE-OFFS; MEN HUNT; FERTILITY; CHILDREN; INVESTMENT; SUCCESS	Provisioning of juveniles is a defining characteristic of human life history. Human children are also unusual in cooperating with their siblings, mothers and other adults in the exchange of resources and labor. This article highlights this distinctly human and twofold nature of juvenility within the context of life history evolution and cooperative breeding. Juveniles benefit from continued investment and from helping to support their siblings during a life stage when they cannot contribute to their own reproduction. Rather than juvenile dependence signifying a costly extension of parental care, juvenile provisioning and help are suggested to develop in tandem with the broader pattern of food sharing and division of labor that characterizes human subsistence and sociality.	[Kramer, Karen L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA	Kramer, KL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.	kkramer@fas.harvard.edu			National Science Foundation [0349963]; National Institutes of Health [AG19044-01]	I extend much appreciation to the Maya and Pume for the years spent living and working in their communities recording interactions between children and their caretakers. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (0349963) and the National Institutes of Health (AG19044-01).	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J	Edenbrow, M; Croft, DP				Edenbrow, M.; Croft, D. P.			Behavioural types and life history strategies during ontogeny in the mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						animal personality; behavioural type; Kryptolebias marmoratus; life history; mangrove killifish; plasticity; Rivulus marmoratus	VARIANCE-COVARIANCE MATRICES; FISH RIVULUS-MARMORATUS; SELF-FERTILIZING FISH; RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR; MALE GREAT TITS; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; EXPLORATORY-BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL PERSONALITY	Consistent differences in behaviour, termed behavioural types (BTs) are well documented in the animal kingdom. Relatively little is known, however, about how and why consistency is maintained within populations. In recent years, theoretical work suggests that life history trade-offs may be an important mechanism driving the maintenance of interindividual variation in BTs. We used a laboratory population of a clonal vertebrate, the mangrove killifish, as a model organism. This fish is an internally self-fertilizing simultaneous hermaphrodite that exhibits within-genotype homozygosity. We utilized 20 genotypes to examine BT plasticity (boldness and exploration), the development of behavioural correlations, and relationships between life history strategy and BTs at five age points during ontogeny. We found that BT scores increased during early ontogeny and reached an asymptote near sexual maturity. We also found considerable variation in BT developmental plasticity at the genotype level. Moreover, although genotypes exhibited high levels of plasticity in BTs, strong, significant positive correlations between exploration and boldness emerged from day 61 onwards. Furthermore, we observed no difference between genotypes in growth rate and growth was unrelated to BTs. Contrary to our predictions, we found that while genotypes differed in their age at first reproduction and reproductive output, these differences were unrelated to BT expression prior to and following sexual maturity. We discuss these results in relation to mechanisms proposed to drive interindividual variation in BTs and we highlight the potential of the mangrove killifish as a model organism for animal personality studies. (C) 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Edenbrow, M.; Croft, D. P.] Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Sch Psychol, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England	Edenbrow, M (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Sch Psychol, Perry Rd, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England.	mathewedenbrow@hotmail.com	Croft, Darren/B-5503-2009; Edenbrow, Mathew/K-3331-2013	Croft, Darren/0000-0001-6869-5097; Edenbrow, Mathew/0000-0002-3318-6337	Fisheries Society of the British Isles; Nuffield Science Foundation	We thank the Fisheries Society of the British Isles (M.E.) and the Nuffield Science Foundation (D.P.C.) for funding this research, David Bechler (Valdosta State University, Georgia) who supplied fish, Scott Taylor and Ben Chapman for collecting fish from Florida, the anonymous referees and Stephen Lea, David Jacoby and Emma Foster for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Patrick Hamilton, Wiebke Schuett, Theodoros Economou, Safi Darden, Sasha Dall, Sinead English, Don Mitchell and Jens Krause for their advice and suggestions as well as Sonia Chapman for technical support.	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OCT	2011	82	4					731	741		10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.003				11	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	825HS	WOS:000295262800018					2019-02-21	
J	Lu, X; Yu, TL; Ke, DH				Lu, Xin; Yu, Tonglei; Ke, Dianhua			Helped ground tit parents in poor foraging environments reduce provisioning effort despite nestling starvation	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						environmental variability; ground tit; helping behaviour; kin selection; life history; Parus humilis	WHITE-WINGED CHOUGHS; COOPERATIVELY BREEDING BIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; HELPING-BEHAVIOR; KIN-SELECTION; COST; SURVIVAL; FITNESS; INVESTMENT	Life history theory views parental effort as a dynamic response to current productivity benefits and personal survival costs. Classical provisioning models specific to avian cooperative breeding systems predict that nestling starvation caused by local food limitation will induce helped parents to maintain their effort to ensure fledging success. Yet, food shortages may impose such a high provisioning cost that selection favours parents that lighten their workload at the expense of offspring productivity. We tested this alternative prediction with the ground tit, Parus humilis, which is an insectivorous, facultative cooperative breeder; helpers are mostly philopatric male offspring. Our study was based on data from three breeding seasons over which rainfall, and hence food resources, varied greatly. Total amount of food delivered to the young was highest for group-fed broods in food-rich environments, although helped male and female parents invested less than their counterparts with no helpers, and provisioning rate of the latter in both types of environmental conditions was similar to that of group-fed broods in food-poor environments. The variation in care level was mirrored by the observed pattern of partial brood loss, the single largest cause limiting productivity. The lowered effort in association with increased brood reduction under poor foraging conditions suggests ground tit parents with helpers trade future fitness against current reproduction to cope with harsh, unpredictable environments. This finding broadens our understanding of interspecific variability of parental response to the presence of helpers across ecological gradients. (C) 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Lu, Xin; Yu, Tonglei; Ke, Dianhua] Wuhan Univ, Dept Zool, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China	Lu, X (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Dept Zool, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.	luxinwh@gmail.com			National Sciences Foundation of China [30830019]	This work was funded by National Sciences Foundation of China (Grant 30830019). Thanks to Z. W. Peng, X. Y Ma, L. Q. Fan, Y. Y. Guo, J. J. Liang and R. Huo for their assistance in field data collection. 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OCT	2011	82	4					861	867		10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.024				7	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	825HS	WOS:000295262800034					2019-02-21	
J	McKellar, AE; Hendry, AP				McKellar, A. E.; Hendry, A. P.			Environmental factors influencing adult sex ratio in Poecilia reticulata: laboratory experiments	JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY			English	Article						predation; resource limitation; sex-biased mortality; guppies; Trinidad	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MALE MATING-BEHAVIOR; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PREDATION RISK; WILD GUPPIES; SELECTION; MORTALITY; COMPETITION; EMIGRATION	The potential causes of adult sex ratio variation in guppies Poecilia reticulata were tested in laboratory experiments that evaluated the mortality rates of male and female P. reticulata exposed to potential predators (Hart's rivulus Rivulus hartii and freshwater prawns Macrobrachium crenulatum) and to different resource levels. Poecilia reticulata mortality increased in the presence of R. hartii and M. crenulatum, and low resource levels had an effect on mortality only in the presence of M. crenulatum. Rivulus hartii preyed more often on male than on female P. reticulata, and this sex-biased predation was not simply the result of males being smaller than females. In contrast, no sex-biased mortality was attributable to M. crenulatum or low resource levels. (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles	McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada	McKellar, AE (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.	ann.mckellar@queensu.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada; Canada Graduate Scholarship	M. Boisjoly, J.-S. Moore and A. Schwartz helped collect fish in the field. M. Boisjoly, O. Dutczak, C. LeBlond, C. Saliba and A. Schwartz helped in the laboratory. E. Crispo and A. Schwartz provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada provided financial support in the form of a Discovery grant to A. P. H and a Canada Graduate Scholarship to A. E. M.	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OCT	2011	79	4					937	953		10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03065.x				17	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	828UP	WOS:000295529000006	21967582				2019-02-21	
J	Zuniga-Vega, JJ; Suarez-Rodriguez, M; Espinosa-Perez, H; Johnson, JB				Zuniga-Vega, J. J.; Suarez-Rodriguez, M.; Espinosa-Perez, H.; Johnson, J. B.			Morphological and reproductive variation among populations of the Pacific molly Poecilia butleri	JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY			English	Article						body shape; geometric morphometrics; life-history traits; Poeciliidae; reproduction; viviparous fishes	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; LEAST KILLIFISH; UNIQUE FEATURES; OFFSPRING SIZE; BODY SHAPE; TRADE-OFF; GUPPIES	In viviparous organisms, pregnant females typically experience an increase in body mass and body volume. In this study, the prediction that variation in reproductive traits among populations of viviparous organisms should be related to variation among populations in body shape was tested in the Pacific molly Poecilia butleri, a viviparous fish that inhabits western Mexico and northern Central America. Variation among 10 populations in four reproductive traits was examined: brood size, individual embryo mass, total reproductive allotment and degree of maternal provisioning of nutrients to developing embryos. Variation among these populations in body shape was also examined. Significant variation among populations was observed in both brood size and reproductive allotment but not in embryo mass or degree of maternal provisioning. Significant variation among populations was also observed in body shape. After correcting for female size, however, reproductive traits and body shape were not associated among populations. This suggests that selective pressures acting on reproduction do not necessarily affect morphology and vice versa. Several factors might contribute to this unexpected lack of association between reproductive traits and morphology. (C) 2011 The Authors Journal of Fish Biology (C) 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles	[Zuniga-Vega, J. J.; Suarez-Rodriguez, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico; [Espinosa-Perez, H.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico; [Johnson, J. B.] Brigham Young Univ, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Johnson, J. B.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA	Zuniga-Vega, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.	jzuniga@ciencias.unam.mx	Zuniga-Vega, Jose Jaime/B-9423-2013		Brigham Young University; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA) [PAPIIT IN206309-3]	Field assistance was provided by O. Camacho-Cortes, I. Casas-Lopez, L. Christensen, L. Nay, H. Perez-Mendoza, E. Schott and L. Scott. Laboratory assistance was provided by F. Rodriguez-Reyes and B. Zuniga-Ruiz. Fieldwork was conducted under permits FAUT-0117 and DGOPA/1864/210205/.-0765. This study was supported by Brigham Young University through the Roger and Victoria Sant Endowment and by Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA) through the project PAPIIT IN206309-3. P. Unmack and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments.	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J	Hanson, N; Stark, JD				Hanson, Niklas; Stark, John D.			AN APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING SIMPLE GENERIC MODELS FOR ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS OF FISH POPULATIONS	ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY			English	Article						Chemical risk assessment; Population models; Population extrapolation; Protection goals; Population growth rate	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; POTENTIAL APPLICATION; CYCLE TOXICITY; GROWTH; PESTICIDES; VIABILITY; RELEVANT; MINNOW	It has been argued that current approaches for ecological risk assessment (ERA) do not provide value relevance for risk managers and that the uncertainty in the predictions is large. One important reason for this is that current approaches are based on individual-level endpoints, but the environmental protection goals are defined on the population level: Population models may be useful tools to link the individual to the population and thus increase value relevance and reduce uncertainty. However, this requires that simple models and guidance on how to use them are made available for risk assessors. In the present study, an approach for developing simple generic models for the ERA of fish populations is presented. Fish have high ecological and economic value and are frequently used in ERA. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop better methods for ERA of fish populations. The models were based on five types of life histories, and they were set up to be useful in a number of different management scenarios based on different environmental protection goals. A decision framework was set up for three levels of models (continuous, time limited, and varying exposure) and three levels of environmental protection. Data from previously published studies were tested for two of the environmental protection levels. The models provided maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC) that fell between the MACs of traditional ERA based on acute or chronic data, respectively. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2372-2383. (C) 2011 SETAC	[Hanson, Niklas; Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA	Hanson, N (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA.	niklas.hanson@dpes.gu.se	Hanson, Niklas/D-3435-2009		Swedish Research Council	Niklas Hanson's participation in this study was financed by the Swedish Research Council.	Akcakaya HR, 2008, DEMOGRAPHIC TOXICITY; Ankley GT, 2003, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V22, P1350, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<1350:EOTAGP>2.0.CO;2; Backhaus Thomas, 2010, Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, V6, P323, DOI 10.1002/ieam.95; Barnthouse L. 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E, 1975, FISHERIES RES BOARD, V191; Roex EWM, 2000, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V19, P685, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<0685:RBAATA>2.3.CO;2; Sibly R.M., 1986, PHYSL ECOLOGY ANIMAL; Spromberg JA, 2005, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V24, P1532, DOI 10.1897/04-160.1; Stark JD, 2004, BIOL CONTROL, V29, P392, DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.07.003; STEARNS SC, 1983, EVOLUTION, V37, P601, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05577.x; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2009, EPASAB09012; VANDERLINDEN AMA, 2006, 601506008 RIVM; Velez-Espino LA, 2005, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V14, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2005.00084.x; WALKER BH, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P18, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.610018.x; Walters C. J, 1992, QUANTITATIVE FISHERI; Yokota H, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P2552, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2552:LCTONT>2.0.CO;2	39	8	8	0	22	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0730-7268	1552-8618		ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM	Environ. Toxicol. Chem.	OCT	2011	30	10					2372	2383		10.1002/etc.636				12	Environmental Sciences; Toxicology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology	825VE	WOS:000295309400025	21805500				2019-02-21	
J	Schaible, R; Ringelhan, F; Kramer, BH; Miethe, T				Schaible, Ralf; Ringelhan, Felix; Kramer, Boris H.; Miethe, Tanja			Environmental challenges improve resource utilization for asexual reproduction and maintenance in hydra	EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY			English	Article						Autophagy; Hormesis; Hydra; Longevity; Senescence; Trade-off; Life history	DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LIFE-SPAN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DIETARY-RESTRICTION; CELL-CYCLE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; MILD STRESS; BODY-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; HORMESIS	Variation in life history can reflect genetic differences, and may be caused by environmental effects on phenotypes. Understanding how these two sources of life history variation interact to express an optimal allocation of resources in a changing environment is central to life history theory. This study addresses variation in the allocation of resources to asexual reproduction and to maintenance of Hydra magnipapillata in relation to differences in temperature and food availability. Hydra is a non-senescent, persistent species with primarily clonal reproduction. We recorded changes in budding rate and mean survival under starvation, which indicate changes in the allocation of resources to asexual reproduction and maintenance. In constant conditions we observed a clear trade-off between asexual reproduction and maintenance, where budding increased linearly with food intake while starvation survival stayed rather constant. In contrast, an environment with fluctuations in temperature or food availability promotes maintenance and increases the survival chances of hydra under starvation. Surprisingly, asexual reproduction also tends to be positively affected by fluctuating environmental conditions, which suggests that in this case there is no clear trade-off between asexual reproduction and maintenance in hydra. Environmental stresses have a beneficial impact on the fitness-related phenotypical traits of the basal metazoan hydra. The results indicate that, if the stress occurs in hormetic doses, variable stressful and fluctuating environments can be salutary for hydra. A closer examination of this dynamic can therefore enable us to develop a deeper understanding of the evolution of aging and longevity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Schaible, Ralf; Ringelhan, Felix; Kramer, Boris H.; Miethe, Tanja] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, D-18057 Rostock, Germany	Schaible, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Konrad Zuse Str 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.	schaible@demogr.mpg.de					Bochdanovits Z, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P1159, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00621.x; BODE HR, 1977, J CELL SCI, V24, P31; Boggs CL, 2009, FUNCT ECOL, V23, P27, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01527.x; BOSCH TCG, 1984, DEV BIOL, V104, P161, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90045-9; Calabrese EJ, 2003, ANNU REV PHARMACOL, V43, P175, DOI 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140223; CAMPBELL RD, 1967, J MORPHOL, V121, P19, DOI 10.1002/jmor.1051210103; Carey JR, 2008, AGING CELL, V7, P470, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00389.x; Castilho AL, 2007, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V27, P548, DOI 10.1651/S-2788.1; Chera S, 2009, BBA-MOL CELL RES, V1793, P1432, DOI 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.03.010; DAVID CN, 1972, J CELL SCI, V11, P557; Galliot B, 2010, MOL REPROD DEV, V77, P837, DOI 10.1002/mrd.21206; Gomez FH, 2009, J THERM BIOL, V34, P17, DOI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.09.003; Hercus MJ, 2003, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V4, P149, DOI 10.1023/A:1024197806855; Hulbert AJ, 2007, PHYSIOL REV, V87, P1175, DOI 10.1152/physrev.00047.2006; Lakowski B, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P13091, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.22.13091; Le Bourg E, 1999, EXP GERONTOL, V34, P157, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(98)00077-1; Le Bourg E, 2009, BBA-GEN SUBJECTS, V1790, P1030, DOI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.01.004; Lee GD, 2006, AGING CELL, V5, P515, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00241.x; Mangel M, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P422, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01410.x; Marshall KE, 2010, P R SOC B, V277, P963, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.1807; Martinez DE, 1998, EXP GERONTOL, V33, P217, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00113-7; MASORO EJ, 1988, J GERONTOL, V43, pB59, DOI 10.1093/geronj/43.3.B59; McCabe J, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P1164, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03964.x; Minois N, 2000, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V1, P15, DOI 10.1023/A:1010085823990; OTTO JJ, 1977, J CELL SCI, V28, P117; Ozdemir N, 2009, J ANIM VET ADV, V8, P669; PARK HD, 1972, J EXP ZOOL, V179, P283, DOI 10.1002/jez.1401790214; Parsons PA, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P589, DOI 10.1017/S1464793105006822; Parsons PA, 2007, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V8, P233, DOI 10.1007/s10522-007-9080-z; Partridge L, 2005, MECH AGEING DEV, V126, P938, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.023; Rattan SIS, 2008, AGEING RES REV, V7, P63, DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2007.03.002; Roff Derek A., 1992; SANYAL S, 1966, INDIAN J EXP BIOL, V4, P88; SCHROEDER LA, 1981, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V26, P690, DOI 10.4319/lo.1981.26.4.0690; SCHROEDER LA, 1982, OECOLOGIA, V53, P238, DOI 10.1007/BF00545670; Semenchenko GV, 2004, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V5, P17, DOI 10.1023/B:BGEN.0000017681.46326.9e; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEBBING ARD, 1982, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V22, P213, DOI 10.1016/0048-9697(82)90066-3; Terman A, 2005, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V6, P205, DOI 10.1007/s10522-005-7956-3; VERDONESMITH C, 1982, EXP GERONTOL, V17, P255, DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(82)90013-4; Yashin AI, 2001, MECH AGEING DEV, V122, P1477, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00273-1	41	15	15	0	24	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0531-5565	1873-6815		EXP GERONTOL	Exp. Gerontol.	OCT	2011	46	10					794	802		10.1016/j.exger.2011.06.004				9	Geriatrics & Gerontology	Geriatrics & Gerontology	825WO	WOS:000295313000004	21763414				2019-02-21	
J	Haselhorst, MSH; Edwards, CE; Rubin, MJ; Weinig, C				Haselhorst, Monia S. H.; Edwards, Christine E.; Rubin, Matthew J.; Weinig, Cynthia			Genetic architecture of life history traits and environment-specific trade-offs	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Article						Brassica rapa; life history traits; meristem limitation; QTL x environment interactions; resource limitation	LEAF ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BRASSICA-RAPA; FLOWERING TIME; NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; HERITABLE VARIATION; RESPONSE CURVES; AVENA-BARBATA	Life history theory predicts the evolution of trait combinations that enhance fitness, and the occurrence of trade-offs depends in part on the magnitude of variation in growth rate or acquisition. Using recombinant inbred lines, we examined the genetic architecture of age and size at reproduction across abiotic conditions encountered by cultivars and naturalized populations of Brassica rapa. We found that genotypes are plastic to seasonal setting, such that reproduction was accelerated under conditions encountered by summer annual populations and genetic variances for age at reproduction varied across simulated seasonal settings. Using an acquisition-allocation model, we predicted the likelihood of trade-offs. Consistent with predicted relationships, we observed a trade-off where early maturity is associated with small size at maturity under simulated summer and fall annual conditions but not under winter annual conditions. The trade-off in the summer annual setting was observed despite significant genotypic variation in growth rate, which is often expected to decouple age and size at reproduction because rapidly growing genotypes could mature early and attain a larger size relative to slowly growing genotypes that mature later. The absence of a trade-off in the winter setting is presumably attributable to the absence of genotypic differences in age at reproduction. We observed QTL for age at reproduction that jointly regulated size at reproduction in both the summer and fall annual settings, but these QTL were environment-specific (i.e. different QTL contributed to the trade-off in the fall vs. summer annual settings). Thus, at least some of the genetic mechanisms underlying observed trade-offs differed across environments.	[Haselhorst, Monia S. H.; Edwards, Christine E.; Rubin, Matthew J.; Weinig, Cynthia] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA; [Haselhorst, Monia S. H.; Rubin, Matthew J.; Weinig, Cynthia] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA	Weinig, C (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.	cweinig@uwyo.edu		Edwards, Christine/0000-0001-8837-4872	NSF [DBI-0605736]	The authors thank O. Deninno, A. Faulconer and A. Hemenway for assistance with plant husbandry and trait measurements; C. A. Buerkle and Z. Gompert for assistance with creating figures; and Motypic means, genetic variances and M. Brock for assistance in QTL mapping. This research was funded by NSF grant DBI-0605736 to CW.	ABRAMOFF MD, 2004, IMAGE PROCESSING IMA, V11, P36; ADLER LS, 1993, FUNCT ECOL, V7, P736, DOI 10.2307/2390196; Amasino R, 2010, PLANT J, V61, P1001, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04148.x; Awadalla P, 1999, GENETICS, V152, P413; BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J R STAT SOC B, V57, P289; Blonder B, 2011, ECOL LETT, V14, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01554.x; BRADSHAW A. 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Ecol.	OCT	2011	20	19					4042	4058		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05227.x				17	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	824VJ	WOS:000295230000009	21902746				2019-02-21	
J	Emel, SL; Bonett, RM				Emel, Sarah L.; Bonett, Ronald M.			Considering alternative life history modes and genetic divergence in conservation: a case study of the Oklahoma salamander	CONSERVATION GENETICS			English	Article						Complex life cycles; Plethodontidae; Paedomorphosis; Metamorphosis; Eurycea	HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ONTOGENIC NICHE SHIFTS; EURYCEA-TYNERENSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; BUFFER ZONES; GROWTH	Alternative life history strategies can provide important variation for the long-term persistence of a lineage. However, conservation of such lineages can be complicated because each life history mode may have different habitat requirements and may be vulnerable to different environmental perturbations. The Oklahoma salamander (Eurycea tynerensis) is endemic to the Ozark Plateau of North America, and has two discrete life history modes, biphasic (metamorphic) and aquatic (paedomorphic). Until recently, these modes were considered separate species and conservation attention focused only on paedomorphic populations. We perform phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (Cytb) and nuclear gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) to assess patterns of historical isolation in E. tynerensis, and test whether life history mode is randomly distributed with respect to the phylogeny and geography. We find three divergent Cytb lineages and significant shifts in POMC allele frequencies between the eastern, western, and southwestern portions of the distribution. Life history mode varies extensively, but paedomorphosis is largely restricted to the widespread western clade. Therefore, the two most divergent and narrowly distributed clades (southwestern and eastern) were previously overlooked due to their metamorphic life history. Paedomorphosis has allowed E. tynerensis to drastically increase its niche breadth and distribution size. Nevertheless, metamorphosis is also an important attribute, and metamorphic populations are the ultimate source for paedomorphic evolution. Preservation of divergent genetic lineages, and regions that include adjacent habitat for both life history modes, may be the most effective way to maintain historical and adaptive variation and provide gateways for ongoing life history evolution.	[Emel, Sarah L.; Bonett, Ronald M.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA	Bonett, RM (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA.	ron-bonett@utulsa.edu			National Science Foundation [DEB 1050322]; Sigma Xi; Tulsa Chapter of the American Association of Zookeepers; University of Tulsa; College of Engineering and Natural Sciences at The University of Tulsa; Nature Conservancy; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Founders of Doctor's Hospital	Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (DEB 1050322), Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research program, the Tulsa Chapter of the American Association of Zookeepers, The University of Tulsa Student Research Grant Program, the College of Engineering and Natural Sciences at The University of Tulsa, the Nature Conservancy, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This research was in part performed on equipment funded by the Founders of Doctor's Hospital. We would like to thank A. Trujano for assistance with Arlequin, M. Miller for comments on Alleles In Space, and C. Brown, M. Buchheim, S. Martin, M. Steffen, H. Wells, and four anonymous reviewers for comments that improved our manuscript. We would also like to thank D. Fenolio, W. Myers, E. Timpe, A. Trujano, and G. Zhang, for their assistance in the field, and K. Irwin (AR Game and Fish Commission), J. Briggler (MO Department of Conservation), C. Wilson and J. Tubbs (Nature Conservancy), and M. Howrey (OK Department of Wildlife Conservation) for issuing permits and facilitating other aspects of our fieldwork.	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Genet.	OCT	2011	12	5					1243	1259		10.1007/s10592-011-0226-9				17	Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity	Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity	819BE	WOS:000294799600010					2019-02-21	
J	Zandona, E; Auer, SK; Kilham, SS; Howard, JL; Lopez-Sepulcre, A; O'Connor, MP; Bassar, RD; Osorio, A; Pringle, CM; Reznick, DN				Zandona, Eugenia; Auer, Sonya K.; Kilham, Susan S.; Howard, Jason L.; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres; O'Connor, Michael P.; Bassar, Ronald D.; Osorio, Arthela; Pringle, Catherine M.; Reznick, David N.			Diet quality and prey selectivity correlate with life histories and predation regime in Trinidadian guppies	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						C/N ratio; eco-evolutionary feedback; gut content analysis; indirect effects of predation; Poecilia reticulata; resource use; trophic ecology; tropical streams	POECILIA-RETICULATA; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; OFFSPRING SIZE; GENETIC-BASIS; FOOD QUALITY; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; FISH	1. Life histories evolve as a response to multiple agents of selection, such as age-specific mortality, resource availability or environmental fluctuations. Predators can affect life-history evolution directly, by increasing the mortality of prey, and indirectly, by modifying prey density and resources available to the survivors. Increasing survivor densities can intensify intraspecific competition and cause evolutionary changes in their selectivity, also affecting nutrient acquisition. 2. Here, we show that different life-history traits in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are correlated with differences in resource consumption and prey selectivity. We examined differences in wild-caught guppy diet among stream types with high (HP) and low predation (LP) pressure and how they are related to benthic invertebrate biomass. Fish and invertebrate samples were collected from two HP and two LP reaches of two distinct study rivers in Trinidad. 3. Our results reveal a strong association between life history and diet. Guppies from HP environments mature earlier and have higher fecundity and reproductive allotment than those from LP environments. Prior work revealed that their population densities are lower and that they grow faster than their LP counterparts. Here, we show that these life-history differences are repeated and that HP guppies feed primarily on invertebrates. In contrast, guppies from LP sites feed primarily on detritus and algae, which are a poorer quality food. LP guppies fed on invertebrates according to their availability, while HP guppies were selective towards those invertebrates with the lower carbon/nitrogen body ratio and thus with higher nutritional value. 4. Our study suggests that as predators shape the life histories of their prey and alter prey population densities, they can also indirectly shape their prey's foraging and diet selectivity. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on how intraspecific differences in life-history traits are correlated with prey selectivity, where prey stoichiometry is included. Although there are clear limitations of association data, our study suggests that the patterns of resource use and life history evolve in concert with one another. However, further research is needed to investigate the possible causal links between risk of predation, the indirect effects of predators on guppy population density, the evolution of life-history traits and nutrient acquisition.	[Zandona, Eugenia; Kilham, Susan S.; Howard, Jason L.; O'Connor, Michael P.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Auer, Sonya K.; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres; Bassar, Ronald D.; Osorio, Arthela; Reznick, David N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA	Zandona, E (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.	eugenia.zandona@gmail.com	Zandona, Eugenia/B-3449-2013; Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres/G-2404-2010	Zandona, Eugenia/0000-0003-4754-5326; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres/0000-0001-9708-0788; reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	NSF [EF-0623632]; Mozino scholarship	Thanks to E. Chiu, M. Thury-Drott, J. Holding, K. Sullamfor laboratory help. Discussion with R. El-Sabaawi, M. Marshall, E. Palkovacs, J. Russell, J. Spotila, M. Weksler greatly improved the manuscript. We thank the William Beebe Research Center and ASA Wright in Trinidad for providing lodging and research facilities. Fish were collected and handled with the approval of the University of California Riverside IACUC AUP (no. A-20080008) and conforming to the legislation in Trinidad. This research was funded by the NSF FIBR program, grant no. EF-0623632 to DNR and the J. Mozino scholarship to EZ.	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J	Bergeron, P; Careau, V; Humphries, MM; Reale, D; Speakman, JR; Garant, D				Bergeron, Patrick; Careau, Vincent; Humphries, Murray M.; Reale, Denis; Speakman, John R.; Garant, Dany			The energetic and oxidative costs of reproduction in a free-ranging rodent	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						ageing; field metabolic rate; life-history theory; litter size; mammals; oxidative stress; wild population	DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; CHIPMUNKS TAMIAS-STRIATUS; EASTERN CHIPMUNKS; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ZEBRA FINCHES; STRESS; EXPENDITURE; DAMAGE; DETERMINANTS	1. As understanding of the energetic costs of reproduction in birds and mammals continues to improve, oxidative stress is an increasingly cited example of a non-energetic cost of reproduction that may serve as a proximal physiological link underlying life-history trade-offs. 2. Here, we provide the first study to measure daily energy expenditure (DEE) and oxidative damage in a wild population. We measured both traits on eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and assessed their relationships with age, reproductive status, litter size and environmental conditions. 3. We found that both physiological traits were correlated with environmental characteristics (e. g. temperature, seasons). DEE tended to increase with decreasing temperature, while oxidative damage was lower in spring, after a winter of torpor expression, than in autumn. We also found that DEE decreased with age, while oxidative damage was elevated in young individuals, reduced in animals of intermediate age and tended to increase at older age. 4. After controlling for age and environmental variables, we found that both female DEE and oxidative damage increased with litter size, although the latter increased weakly. 5. Our results corroborate findings from laboratory studies but highlight the importance of considering environmental conditions, age and reproductive status in broader analyses of the causes and consequences of physiological costs of reproduction in wild animals.	[Bergeron, Patrick; Garant, Dany] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Careau, Vincent] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Humphries, Murray M.] McGill Univ, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Reale, Denis] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Speakman, John R.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen Ctr Energy Regulat & Obes, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland	Bergeron, P (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.	patrick.bergeron@usherbrooke.ca	Careau, Vincent/A-9778-2008; Garant, Dany/D-7406-2013; John, Speakman/A-9494-2008	Careau, Vincent/0000-0002-2826-7837; Garant, Dany/0000-0002-8091-1044; John, Speakman/0000-0002-2457-1823	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)	We are grateful to the technicians, research assistants and graduate students who helped with collecting data in the field and helped with laboratory analyses, especially P. Bourgault, M. Landry-Cuerrier, A.-M. Lavoie, G. Dubuc-Messier, J. Chambers and P.O. Montiglio. We thank D. Lafontaine who kindly provided the fluorometer and B. Heppell who helped us using it. We also thank the associate editor, an anonymous referee and D. Nussey for their comments on a previous version of the manuscript. P. B. and V. C. were supported by a postgraduate scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT). This work was funded by NSERC Discovery Grants to D. R., M. M. H and D. G., as well as by a research team grant provided by the FQRNT to D. R., M. M. H, D. G., Don Kramer and Don Thomas. We are grateful to the Ruiter Valley Land Trust for allowing us to conduct this research within their boundaries.	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Ecol.	OCT	2011	25	5					1063	1071		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01868.x				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	823OP	WOS:000295132100014		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Kruger, DJ				Kruger, Daniel J.			Evolutionary theory in public health and the public health of evolutionary theory	FUTURES			English	Article							IMPRINTED GENES; DISEASE; RISK; SEX; SOCIOBIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; MORTALITY; CONFLICT; MEDICINE	Evolutionary theory is the most powerful explanatory system in the life sciences and is the only framework that can unify knowledge in otherwise disparate fields of research. Considerable advances have been made in the application of evolutionary biology to health issues in recent decades. Health researchers and practitioners could benefit considerably from an understanding of the basic principles of evolution and how humans have been shaped by natural and sexual selection, even if they are not explicitly testing evolutionary hypotheses. Life History Theory is a powerful framework that can be used for examining modern human environments and developing environments that maximize opportunities for positive health outcomes. Many of the recommendations derived from this framework converge with the visions of current public health advocates. Despite the benefits of an evolutionary framework, the challenges that face those attempting to integrate evolutionary theory into public health are perhaps greater than those in the social sciences. Although considerable advancements in the understanding of health issues have already been made, health researchers with an evolutionary perspective are very few in number and face constraining disciplinary attributes. Advances in medical technology will continue to extend the boundaries of saving lives in danger, however traditional public health efforts may be reaching their limits of effectiveness in encouraging health-promoting behaviors. This may partially account for the current interest in broad social and policy change to enhance health and reduce health disparities amongst sub-populations. Such substantial physical and social restructuring will face many challenges and gradual progress may be enhanced by a strong foundation of evolutionary human science. The slow but eventual integration of evolutionary principles will gradually enhance the effectiveness of health interventions and provide an ultimate explanation for patterns in health outcomes that are otherwise puzzling. The speed at which the field of public health adopts a Darwinian framework has yet to be determined, and several futures are possible. This pace will depend on several factors, including the visible utility of evolutionary theory for addressing the health promotion goals of the field. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	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O., 1998, CONSILIENCE UNITY KN; Wilson EO, 1984, BIOPHILIA HUMAN BOND; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	67	1	1	0	30	ELSEVIER SCI LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND	0016-3287	1873-6378		FUTURES	Futures	OCT	2011	43	8			SI		762	770		10.1016/j.futures.2011.05.019				9	Economics; Regional & Urban Planning	Business & Economics; Public Administration	822TI	WOS:000295072100005					2019-02-21	
J	Kindsvater, HK; Bonsall, MB; Alonzo, SH				Kindsvater, H. K.; Bonsall, M. B.; Alonzo, S. H.			Survival costs of reproduction predict age-dependent variation in maternal investment	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						age-dependence; dynamic state-variable model; life-history theory; maternal effect; offspring size; reproductive investment	OFFSPRING SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CLUTCH SIZE; TRADE-OFF; EGG SIZE; MOTHERS; NUMBER; REFINEMENT; PHENOTYPE; EVOLUTION	Life-history theory predicts that older females will increase reproductive effort through increased fecundity. Unless offspring survival is density dependent or female size constrains offspring size, theory does not predict variation in offspring size. However, empirical data suggest that females of differing age or condition produce offspring of different sizes. We used a dynamic state-variable model to determine when variable offspring sizes can be explained by an interaction between female age, female state and survival costs of reproduction. We found that when costs depend on fecundity, young females with surplus state increase offspring size and reduce number to minimize fitness penalties. When costs depend on total reproductive effort, only older females increase offspring size. Young females produce small offspring, because decreasing offspring size is less expensive than number, as fitness from offspring investment is nonlinear. Finally, allocation patterns are relatively stable when older females are better at acquiring food and are therefore in better condition. Our approach revealed an interaction between female state, age and survival costs, providing a novel explanation for observed variation in reproductive traits.	[Kindsvater, H. K.; Alonzo, S. H.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Bonsall, M. B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Math Ecol Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Bonsall, M. B.] Univ Oxford, St Peters Coll, Oxford, England	Kindsvater, HK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, POB 208106, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	holly.kindsvater@yale.edu		Kindsvater, Holly/0000-0001-7580-4095; Bonsall, Michael/0000-0003-0250-0423	US EPA STAR; Yale University; NSF; Royal Society	This work was supported by the US EPA STAR Fellowship (H. K. K.), Yale University (S. H. A. and H. K. K.), NSF (S. H. A. and H. K. K) and the Royal Society (M. B. B.). We thank Michael Jennions and an anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved this manuscript.	Beckerman AP, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P485, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3315; Beekey MA, 2004, AM MIDL NAT, V151, P274, DOI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)151[0274:TEOSBC]2.0.CO;2; Berkeley SA, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1258, DOI 10.1890/03-0706; Brown GP, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1097, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0247; CHARNOV EL, 1995, NATURE, V376, P418, DOI 10.1038/376418a0; Clark C, 2000, DYNAMIC STATE VARIAB; Cox RM, 2010, EVOLUTION, V64, P1321, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00906.x; Creighton JC, 2009, AM NAT, V174, P673, DOI 10.1086/605963; Fischer K, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P380, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01046.x; Ford NB, 2010, HERPETOLOGICA, V66, P451, DOI 10.1655/09-057.1; Gagliano M, 2007, J ANIM ECOL, V76, P174, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01187.x; Ghalambor CK, 2004, AM NAT, V164, P38, DOI 10.1086/421412; Houston A.l, 1999, MODELS ADAPTIVE BEHA; Kindsvater HK, 2010, EVOL ECOL RES, V12, P327; Mangel M, 1988, DYNAMIC MODELING BEH; Marshall DJ, 2010, ECOLOGY, V91, P2862, DOI 10.1890/09-0156.1; PARKER GA, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P573, DOI 10.1086/284589; PIANKA ER, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P453, DOI 10.1086/283013; Plaistow SJ, 2007, AM NAT, V170, P520, DOI 10.1086/521238; Podolsky RD, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P735, DOI 10.1086/382791; Sakai S, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P348, DOI 10.1086/319194; SHINE R, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P62, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01985.x; Sinervo B, 1999, AM NAT, V154, pS26, DOI 10.1086/303281; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STRATHMANN RR, 1982, AM NAT, V119, P91, DOI 10.1086/283892; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WINKLER DW, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P708, DOI 10.1086/284667	28	21	21	0	32	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	OCT	2011	24	10					2230	2240		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02351.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	822NG	WOS:000295054500013	21745251	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Wesner, JS; Billman, EJ; Meier, A; Belk, MC				Wesner, Jeff S.; Billman, Eric J.; Meier, Adam; Belk, Mark C.			Morphological convergence during pregnancy among predator and nonpredator populations of the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						geometric morphometrics; life history; morphology; predation; trade-off	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; REPRODUCTION; RISK; SIZE; DIVERSIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS; DIVERGENCE; INVESTMENT; RETICULATA	Predation can drive morphological divergence in prey populations, although examples of divergent selection are typically limited to nonreproductive individuals. In livebearing females, shape often changes drastically during pregnancy, reducing speed and mobility and enhancing susceptibility to predation. In the present study, we document morphological divergence among populations of nonreproductive female livebearing fish (Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora) in predator and nonpredator environments. We then test the hypothesis that shape differences among nonreproductive females are maintained among reproductive females between predator and nonpredator environments. Nonreproductive females in predator environments had larger caudal regions and more fusiform bodies than females in nonpredator environments; traits that are associated with burst speed in fish. Shape differences were maintained in reproductive females, although the magnitude of this difference declined relative to nonreproductive females, suggesting morphological convergence during pregnancy. Phenotypic change vector analysis revealed that females in predator environments became more similar to females in nonpredator environments in the transition from nonreproductive to reproductive. Furthermore, the level of reproductive allocation affected shape similarly between predator environments. These results suggest a life-history constraint on morphology, in which predator-driven morphological divergence among nonreproductive B. rhabdophora is not maintained at the same level during pregnancy. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 386-392.	[Wesner, Jeff S.; Billman, Eric J.; Meier, Adam; Belk, Mark C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA	Wesner, JS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA.	jeffwesner@gmail.com			Brigham Young University's Office of Research and Creative Activities	We gratefully acknowledge the help of Eric Makel-prang, Tu Trahn, John Aedo, John Schellenburg, Shalane Brower, and other research assistants. This study was supported in part by a grant from Brigham Young University's Office of Research and Creative Activities. We thank Javier Guevara Sequerra at the Costa Rican Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia, Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservasion, for help in obtaining collecting permits. This research was approved by the IACUC at Brigham Young University.	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J., 2005, TPSDIG DIGITIZE LAND; ROHLF FJ, 2003, TPSRELW RELATIVE WAR; Rohlf FJ, 2004, TPSUTIL FILE UTILITY; SINERVO B, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V155, P323; STIBOR H, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V92, P162, DOI 10.1007/BF00317358; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; Zuniga-Vega JJ, 2007, OIKOS, V116, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15763.x	32	31	31	3	24	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0024-4066	1095-8312		BIOL J LINN SOC	Biol. J. Linnean Soc.	OCT	2011	104	2					386	392		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01715.x				7	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	820JV	WOS:000294902700011		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Jervis, M; Ferns, P				Jervis, Mark; Ferns, Peter			Towards a general perspective on life-history evolution and diversification in parasitoid wasps	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						balanced mortality hypothesis; comparative analysis; dichotomous hypothesis; Hymenoptera; ovigeny index hypothesis; parasitism; reproductive strategy; trade-offs	DEVELOPMENTAL TRADE-OFFS; EGG MATURATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BODY-SIZE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; CADDIS FLIES; CLUTCH SIZE; 28S RDNA; HYMENOPTERA	In attempting to explain the marked interspecific variation evident in many components of life-history in parasitoid wasps, biologists have sought to identify general predictors of suites of 'important' life-history traits. Two predictors currently in general use are: (1) the parasitoid mode of larval development in relation to future host growth and development [no further host growth and development ( = idiobiosis) versus continued host growth and development ( = koinobiosis)]; and (2) the ovigeny index (the degree to which the lifetime potential complement of eggs is mature at the start of adult life in females). These have been postulated to share several life-history correlates, and an earlier comparative analysis showed the predictors to be associated. Two questions are thus posed: which life-history variables are actually common to both idio/koinobiosis and the ovigeny index, and which are responsible for the link between these two axes of life-history diversity? Through comparative analyses of a database of life-history traits for 133 parasitoid wasp species, four life-history correlates out of the 11 we investigated are shown to account for the association between the two predictors: the relative level of resource investment per egg (degree of yolk richness, which is lower in koinobionts), pre-adult lifespan (longer in koinobionts), female lifespan (shorter in koinobionts), and maximum egg load (larger in koinobionts). Our findings pave the way for full integration of the dichotomous hypothesis with the ovigeny index hypothesis, to provide a holistic perspective on parasitoid wasp life-history diversity and evolution. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 443-461.	[Jervis, Mark; Ferns, Peter] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales	Jervis, M (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.	jervis@cardiff.ac.uk					Askew R.R., 1975, P130; Askew R.R., 1986, P225; Askew RR, 1971, PARASITIC INSECTS; Banks JC, 2006, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V41, P690, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.001; BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J R STAT SOC B, V57, P289; Bernstein Carlos, 2008, P129, DOI 10.1002/9780470696200.ch7; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P65, DOI 10.2307/2389556; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, J ANIM ECOL, V60, P151, DOI 10.2307/5451; CALOW P, 1983, PARASITOLOGY, V86, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000050897; Carey JR, 2002, EXP GERONTOL, V37, P567, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00180-2; Carr M, 2010, INSECT SYST EVOL, V41, P55, DOI 10.1163/187631210X486995; Clausen C. 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E., 1954, DYNAMICS GROWTH PROC, P277; SMITH RH, 1991, ADV ECOL RES, V21, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60097-5; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stevens DJ, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1049, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0742; Stevens DJ, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1511, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1172; Traynor RE, 2005, OIKOS, V109, P305, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13666.x; Visser B, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P8677, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1001744107; WAAGE JK, 1979, J ANIM ECOL, V48, P353, DOI 10.2307/4166; Wajnberg E., 2008, BEHAV ECOLOGY PARASI; Whitfield JB, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P129, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.129; YOUNG TP, 1990, EVOL ECOL, V4, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02270913; Zaldivar-Riveron A, 2006, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V38; Zaldivar-Riveron A, 2008, INVERTEBR SYST, V22, P345, DOI 10.1071/IS07028	86	20	20	0	30	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0024-4066			BIOL J LINN SOC	Biol. J. Linnean Soc.	OCT	2011	104	2					443	461		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01719.x				19	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	820JV	WOS:000294902700016		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Wolf, A; Anderegg, WRL; Ryan, SJ; Christensen, J				Wolf, Adam; Anderegg, William R. L.; Ryan, Sadie J.; Christensen, Jon			Robust detection of plant species distribution shifts under biased sampling regimes	ECOSPHERE			English	Article						change detection; herbarium specimen; museum collection; species distribution modeling		The great diversity of terrestrial plants testifies to a wide variety of life-history strategies for dealing with the problem of surviving to reproduce in a stressful environment while competing with other biota. It is essential to develop an understanding of how global environmental changes are perturbing the distribution of species throughout the globe. However, the most abundant collections of historic data on species distributions, i.e., museums and herbaria, are affected by sample biases that strongly compromise our ability to use these data for change detection studies. Here, we present a simulation study to find robust methods for rejecting spurious shifts in the geographic range or the environmental niche occupied by species, under a variety of sampling biases. We present two methods for addressing bias. The first method is a Bayesian weighting method from machine learning theory, in which each specimen is reweighted to achieve uniform sampling intensity in time, based on sampling intensity for all specimens. An alternative method uses binomial probabilities of selecting the observed number of samples of a target relative to all specimens, and estimates the likelihood associated with the binomial probabilities using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We find that without dealing with sampling bias, using raw data is almost certain to provide inaccurate results, under even the mildest perturbations to idealized sampling. Among the two methods for addressing bias, the empirical estimate of the probability density of a change provided by MCMC was essential for accurately rejecting false changes. The performance of the weighting method, while an improvement over the use of raw data, was limited to cases in which the bias was weak. We conclude that species distribution changes are most robustly estimated using binomial probabilities, in which the probability space is explored empirically by MCMC.	[Wolf, Adam] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Anderegg, William R. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA; [Christensen, Jon] Stanford Univ, Dept Hist, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Wolf, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.	adamwolf@princeton.edu		Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321			Araujo MB, 2006, J BIOGEOGR, V33, P1677, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01584.x; Bolker B. 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J	Bogdanowicz, AM; Olejniczak, P; Lembicz, M; Zukowski, W				Bogdanowicz, Agnieszka M.; Olejniczak, Pawel; Lembicz, Marlena; Zukowski, Waldemar			Costs of reproduction in life history of a perennial plant Carex secalina	CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY			English	Article						Age; Biomass reduction; Common garden; Life history; Reproductive allocation	SEED PRODUCTION; SIZE; ALLOCATION; POPULATIONS; ORCHIDACEAE; LIMITATION; CYPERACEAE; INTERPLAY; GROWTH; HERB	We tested a hypothesis based on life history theory that examines reproductive costs incurred by individuals in consecutive years of their life. A multi-year dataset of resource allocation to vegetative and reproductive structures was analysed in Carex secalina - a perennial, monoecious sedge, reproducing only sexually. In a four-year garden experiment, we assessed above-ground biomass at the end of each season and reproductive allocation expressed as the total length of male and female spikes. The study was aimed at determining how size and age of a plant relates to its reproduction, and how the rate of reproduction affects the year-toyear biomass change in Carex secalina. We observed that after each reproductive episode, individuals had significantly smaller sizes and produced a lower number of generative tillers. The total production of reproductive structures decreased significantly with age in all populations. Moreover, the decrease in plant biomass was greater when more reproductive structures were produced in a previous year, which indicates that the plants incur costs of reproduction in terms of above-ground biomass production.	[Bogdanowicz, Agnieszka M.; Lembicz, Marlena; Zukowski, Waldemar] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Plant Taxon, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland; [Olejniczak, Pawel] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland	Bogdanowicz, AM (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Plant Taxon, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland.	agab@amu.edu.pl		Lembicz, Marlena/0000-0003-1714-4716	Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [2P04C12030, NN305036134]	We thank Elzbieta Obarska for helpful discussions and Maria Urbanska for her assistance in maintaining experimental plants in the garden. The work was supported by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (projects 2P04C12030 and NN305036134).	Alvarez-Cansino L, 2010, ANN BOT-LONDON, V106, P989, DOI 10.1093/aob/mcq197; Andersson S, 2006, CAN J BOT, V84, P904, DOI 10.1139/B06-041; Andrieu E, 2007, OECOLOGIA, V152, P515, DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0662-x; ASHMAN TL, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V92, P266, DOI 10.1007/BF00317374; Bazzaz F. A., 1985, STUDIES PLANT DEMOGR, P373; CALVO RN, 1990, AM J BOT, V77, P736, DOI 10.2307/2444365; Cao GX, 2008, PLANT ECOL, V194, P99, DOI 10.1007/s11258-007-9277-x; CODY ML, 1966, EVOLUTION, V20, P174, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1966.tb03353.x; Cunningham SA, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V111, P36, DOI 10.1007/s004420050205; Dudash MR, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P484; HARTNETT DC, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V84, P254, DOI 10.1007/BF00318281; Hemborg AM, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P273, DOI 10.2307/3546838; Hemborg AM, 1998, ECOSCIENCE, V5, P517, DOI 10.1080/11956860.1998.11682495; Horibata S, 2007, ANN BOT-LONDON, V100, P565, DOI 10.1093/aob/mcm131; Jacquemyn H, 2010, J ECOL, V98, P1204, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01697.x; Jongejans E, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V147, P369, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0325-8; Karlsson P. Staffan, 2005, P1, DOI 10.1016/B978-012088386-8/50001-6; KARLSSON PS, 1990, OIKOS, V59, P393, DOI 10.2307/3545151; Lembicz M, 2011, FLORA, V206, P158, DOI 10.1016/j.flora.2010.09.006; Lembicz Marlena, 2006, Polish Botanical Studies, V22, P343; Matsuyama S, 2008, ANN BOT-LONDON, V101, P1391, DOI 10.1093/aob/mcn048; Mendez M, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V137, P69, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1319-z; Milla R, 2006, PLANT BIOLOGY, V8, P103, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-872890; Obeso JR, 2002, NEW PHYTOL, V155, P321, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00477.x; Primack R, 1998, AM J BOT, V85, P1672, DOI 10.2307/2446500; REEKIE EG, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P907, DOI 10.1086/284683; Reekie EG, 1998, CAN J BOT, V76, P43, DOI 10.1139/b97-160; ROFF DA, 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Sato T, 2002, OIKOS, V96, P453, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960307.x; SCHMID B, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P61, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01199.x; SILVERTOWN J, 1999, AM NAT, V29, P321; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TUOMI J, 1983, AM ZOOL, V23, P25; Wang TH, 2006, CAN J BOT, V84, P485, DOI 10.1139/B06-011; Welham CVJ, 1998, CAN J BOT, V76, P166, DOI 10.1139/b97-176; Zukowski W, 2005, ACTA SOC BOT POL, V74, P141	36	3	3	2	15	VERSITA	WARSAW	SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND	1895-104X			CENT EUR J BIOL	Cent. Eur. J. Biol.	OCT	2011	6	5					870	877		10.2478/s11535-011-0044-6				8	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	814OE	WOS:000294465300020		Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Denison, RF; Kiers, ET				Denison, R. Ford; Kiers, E. Toby			Life Histories of Symbiotic Rhizobia and Mycorrhizal Fungi	CURRENT BIOLOGY			English	Review							ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER; INEFFECTIVE RHIZOBIA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PHOSPHORUS FLUXES; LEGUME SANCTIONS	Research on life history strategies of microbial symbionts is key to understanding the evolution cif cooperation with hosts, but also their survival between hosts. Rhizobia are soil bacteria known for fixing nitrogen inside legume root nodules. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous root symbionts that provide plants with nutrients and other benefits. Both kinds of symbionts employ strategies to reproduce during symbiosis using host resources; to repopulate the soil; to survive in the soil between hosts; and to find and infect new hosts. Here we focus on the fitness of the microbial symbionts and how interactions at each of these stages has shaped microbial life-history strategies. During symbiosis, microbial fitness could be increased by diverting more resources to individual reproduction, but that may trigger fitness-reducing host sanctions. To survive in the soil, symbionts employ sophisticated strategies, such as persister formation for rhizobia and reversal of spore germination by mycorrhizae. Interactions among symbionts, from rhizobial quorum sensing to fusion of genetically distinct fungal hyphae, increase adaptive plasticity. The evolutionary implications of these interactions and of microbial strategies to repopulate and survive in the soil are largely unexplored.	[Denison, R. Ford] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Kiers, E. Toby] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Inst Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Denison, RF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.	denis036@umn.edu; toby.kiers@vu.nl	Toby, Kiers/H-4819-2017	Toby, Kiers/0000-0002-0597-1653	National Science Foundation; NWO	We are grateful to Egbert Leigh, Jan Jansa and Erik Verbruggen for comments on this manuscript. Our research on symbiosis has been supported by the National Science Foundation (R.F.D.) and by NWO 'Vidi' and 'Meervoud' grants (E.T.K.).	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Biol.	SEP 27	2011	21	18					R775	R785		10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.018				11	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	827IY	WOS:000295423400022	21959168	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Jones, JH				Jones, James Holland			Primates and the Evolution of Long, Slow Life Histories	CURRENT BIOLOGY			English	Review							QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS; BRAIN-SIZE EVOLUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY; HUMAN-POPULATION; FEMALE MAMMALS; HUMAN GROWTH; MORTALITY; HUMANS; DEMOGRAPHY	Primates are characterized by relatively late ages at first reproduction, long lives and low fertility. Together, these traits define a life-history of reduced reproductive effort. Understanding the optimal allocation of reproductive effort, and specifically reduced reproductive effort, has been one of the key problems motivating the development of life-history theory. Because of their unusual constellation of life-history traits, primates play an important role in the continued development of life-history theory. In this review, I present the evidence for the reduced reproductive effort life histories of primates and discuss the ways that such life-history tactics are understood in contemporary theory. Such tactics are particularly consistent with the predictions of stochastic demographic models, suggesting a key role for environmental variability in the evolution of primate life histories. The tendency for primates to specialize in high-quality, high-variability food items may make them particularly susceptible to environmental variability and explains their low reproductive-effort tactics. I discuss recent applications of life-history theory to human evolution and emphasize the continuity between models used to explain peculiarities of human reproduction and senescence with the long, slow life histories of primates more generally.	Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Jones, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Woods Inst Environm, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 50, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	jhr1@stanford.edu		Jones, James/0000-0003-1680-6757	NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD051494, K01 HD051494-05]		ABRAMS PA, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01241.x; Amos W, 2010, P R SOC B, V277, P131, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.1473; ATCHLEY WR, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P1165, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05640.x; ATCHLEY WR, 1984, GENET RES, V43, P289, DOI 10.1017/S0016672300026070; AUSTAD SN, 1992, AM J PRIMATOL, V28, P251, DOI 10.1002/ajp.1350280403; AUSTAD SN, 1993, J ZOOL, V229, P695, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02665.x; AUSTAD SN, 1993, J GERONTOL, V46, pB47; Barrickman NL, 2008, J HUM EVOL, V54, P568, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.08.012; Bird DW, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P269, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1010-9; Bishai D, 2003, DEMOGR RES, V8, P261, DOI DOI 10.4054/DEMRES.2003.8.9; Blomquist GE, 2010, EVOL ECOL, V24, P657, DOI 10.1007/s10682-009-9323-3; Blomquist GE, 2009, BIOL LETTERS, V5, P339, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0009; BOAG PT, 1981, SCIENCE, V214, P82, DOI 10.1126/science.214.4516.82; Bogin B, 1997, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V40, P63; Bronikowski AM, 2011, SCIENCE, V331, P1325, DOI 10.1126/science.1201571; Byars SG, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P1787, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0906199106; CASWELL H, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P317, DOI 10.1086/283993; CHAMOV EL, 1993, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V1, P191; CHAMOV EL, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P791; Chapman CA, 1999, J TROP ECOL, V15, P189, DOI 10.1017/S0266467499000759; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Charpentier MJE, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P2026, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03724.x; Cheverud JM, 1996, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V9, P5, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9010005.x; Chu CYC, 2008, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V73, P171, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.11.005; COALE A, 1974, SCI AM, V231; Cohen AA, 2004, BIOL REV, V79, P733, DOI 10.1017/S1464793103006432; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Colman RJ, 2009, SCIENCE, V325, P201, DOI 10.1126/science.1173635; Conklin-Brittain NL, 1998, INT J PRIMATOL, V19, P971, DOI 10.1023/A:1020370119096; Curran LM, 2000, ECOL MONOGR, V70, P101, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(2000)070[0101:VRTSVI]2.0.CO;2; de Magalhaes JP, 2009, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V22, P1770, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01783.x; DEACON TW, 1990, INT J PRIMATOL, V11, P237, DOI 10.1007/BF02192870; DEACON TW, 1990, INT J PRIMATOL, V11, P193, DOI 10.1007/BF02192869; Deaner Robert O., 2003, P233; Dewar RE, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P13723, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0704346104; Dobzhansky T., 1950, American Scientist, V38, P209; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3402, DOI 10.1890/02-9002; Excoffier L, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P10597, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.19.10597; Fisher R. 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SEP 27	2011	21	18					R708	R717		10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.025				10	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	827IY	WOS:000295423400015	21959161	Bronze, Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Sommer, RJ; Ogawa, A				Sommer, Ralf J.; Ogawa, Akira			Hormone Signaling and Phenotypic Plasticity in Nematode Development and Evolution	CURRENT BIOLOGY			English	Review							CONTROLLING DAUER FORMATION; ELEGANS LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; AGE-1 PI3 KINASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; C-ELEGANS; LIFE-SPAN; PRISTIONCHUS-PACIFICUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CUES	Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an organism to adopt different phenotypes depending on environmental conditions. In animals and plants, the progression of juvenile development and the formation of dormant stages are often associated with phenotypic plasticity, indicating the importance of phenotypic plasticity for life-history theory. Phenotypic plasticity has long been emphasized as a crucial principle in ecology and as facilitator of phenotypic evolution. In nematodes, several examples of phenotypic plasticity have been studied at the genetic and developmental level. In addition, the influence of different environmental factors has been investigated under laboratory conditions. These studies have provided detailed insight into the molecular basis of phenotypic plasticity and its ecological and evolutionary implications. Here, we review recent studies on the formation of dauer larvae in Caenorhabditis elegans, the evolution of nematode parasitism and the generation of a novel feeding trait in Pristionchus pacificus. These examples reveal a conserved and co-opted role of an endocrine signaling module involving the steroid hormone dafachronic acid. We will discuss how hormone signaling might facilitate life-history and morphological evolution.	[Sommer, Ralf J.; Ogawa, Akira] Max Planck Inst Dev Biol, Dept Evolutionary Biol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany	Sommer, RJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Dev Biol, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Spemannstr 37, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.	ralf.sommer@tuebingen.mpg.de					ALBERT PS, 1988, DEV BIOL, V126, P270, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(88)90138-8; ALBERT PS, 1981, J COMP NEUROL, V198, P435, DOI 10.1002/cne.901980305; ANDERSON GL, 1978, CAN J ZOOL, V56, P1786, DOI 10.1139/z78-244; Angelo G, 2009, SCIENCE, V326, P954, DOI 10.1126/science.1178343; Antebi A, 2000, GENE DEV, V14, P1512; Antebi A, 1998, DEVELOPMENT, V125, P1191; BARGMANN CI, 1991, SCIENCE, V251, P1243, DOI 10.1126/science.2006412; Barriere A, 2005, CURR BIOL, V15, P1176, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.06.022; Baugh LR, 2006, CURR BIOL, V16, P780, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.021; Beldade P, 2002, NATURE, V416, P844, DOI 10.1038/416844a; Bento G, 2010, NATURE, V466, P494, DOI 10.1038/nature09164; Blaxter ML, 1998, NATURE, V392, P71, DOI 10.1038/32160; Butcher RA, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P14288, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0806676105; Butcher RA, 2007, NAT CHEM BIOL, V3, P420, DOI 10.1038/nchembio.2007.3; Butcher RA, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P1875, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0810338106; CASSADA RC, 1975, DEV BIOL, V46, P326, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90109-8; Dieterich C, 2009, TRENDS GENET, V25, P203, DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2009.03.006; DORMAN JB, 1995, GENETICS, V141, P1399; Dumas KJ, 2010, DEV BIOL, V340, P605, DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.02.022; ESTEVEZ M, 1993, NATURE, V365, P644, DOI 10.1038/365644a0; Floyd R, 2002, MOL ECOL, V11, P839, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01485.x; FRIEDMAN DB, 1988, GENETICS, V118, P75; Fuchs G., 1915, ZOOL JB, V38, P109; GEORGI LL, 1990, CELL, V61, P635, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90475-T; Gerisch B, 2004, DEVELOPMENT, V131, P1765, DOI 10.1242/dev.01068; Gerisch B, 2001, DEV CELL, V1, P841, DOI 10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00085-5; Gilbert S F, 2009, ECOLOGICAL DEV BIOL; GOLDEN JW, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P578, DOI 10.1126/science.6896933; GOLDEN JW, 1984, DEV BIOL, V102, P368, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90201-X; GOTTLIEB S, 1994, GENETICS, V137, P107; Hallem EA, 2011, CURR BIOL, V21, P377, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.048; Herrmann M, 2007, ZOOL SCI, V24, P883, DOI 10.2108/zsj.24.883; Herrmann M, 2010, BIOL J LINN SOC, V100, P170, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01410.x; Hertweck M, 2004, DEV CELL, V6, P577, DOI 10.1016/S1534-5807(04)00095-4; Hirschmann H., 1951, Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Systematik), V80, P132; Holt SJ, 2003, MECH AGEING DEV, V124, P779, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(03)00132-5; Hong RL, 2008, EVOL DEV, V10, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00236.x; Hong RL, 2006, CURR BIOL, V16, P2359, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.031; Hu P. 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Biol.	SEP 27	2011	21	18					R758	R766		10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.034				9	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	827IY	WOS:000295423400020	21959166	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Viney, M; Cable, J				Viney, Mark; Cable, Jo			Macroparasite Life Histories	CURRENT BIOLOGY			English	Review							CONSTRAINTS INFLUENCING SURVIVAL; NEMATODE STRONGYLOIDES-RATTI; BLOOD FLUKE DEVELOPMENT; PSEUDODIPLORCHIS-AMERICANUS; NEMATOSPIROIDES-DUBIUS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; HELMINTH-PARASITES; AFRICAN PARASITE; EVOLUTION; HOST	Parasites and parasitism is common. Worm macroparasites have evolved life-history traits that allow them to successfully transmit between spatially and temporally separated patches of host resource and to survive within these environments. Macroparasites have common life-history strategies to achieve this, but these general themes are modified in a myriad of ways related to the specific biology of their hosts. Parasite life histories are also dynamic, responding to conditions inside and outside of hosts, and they continue to evolve, especially in response to our attempts to control them and the harm that they cause.	[Viney, Mark] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England; [Cable, Jo] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales	Viney, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Woodland Rd, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England.	mark.viney@bristol.ac.uk	Cable, Joanne/A-4360-2010	Cable, Joanne/0000-0002-8510-7055			Abolins SR, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P881, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04910.x; Albonico M, 1999, ADV PARASIT, V42, P277, DOI 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60151-7; Anthony RM, 2007, NAT REV IMMUNOL, V7, P975, DOI 10.1038/nri2199; ARTIS D, 2001, PARASITIC NEMATODES; Babayan SA, 2010, PLOS BIOL, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000525; Bakke TA, 2007, ADV PARASIT, V64, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0065-308X(06)64003-7; BEHNKE JM, 1983, PARASITE IMMUNOL, V5, P397, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00755.x; BIANCO AE, 1989, PARASITOLOGY, V99, pS113, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000083451; Blank RB, 2006, J INFECT DIS, V194, P1609, DOI 10.1086/508896; Blaxter ML, 1998, NATURE, V392, P71, DOI 10.1038/32160; Cable J, 2007, INT J PARASITOL, V37, P1449, DOI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.04.013; Cable J, 2002, INT J PARASITOL, V32, P255, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00330-7; CABLE J, 1992, PARASITOLOGY, V105, P229, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000074151; Cable J, 2000, PARASITOLOGY, V121, P621, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000006971; CABLE J, 1991, PARASITOLOGY, V103, P253, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000059539; Cribb TH, 2003, ADV PARASIT, V54, P197, DOI 10.1016/S0065-308X(03)54004-0; Davies SJ, 2003, INT J PARASITOL, V33, P1277, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00161-9; Davies SJ, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P1358, DOI 10.1126/science.1064462; Devaney E, 1996, PARASITOL TODAY, V12, P418, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(96)10065-X; DOBSON C, 1991, J PARASITOL, V77, P884, DOI 10.2307/3282736; Dyer M, 2000, PARASITOL TODAY, V16, P102, DOI 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01608-7; GALLIEN L, 1935, FROHL TRAV STAT ZOOL, V12, P1; Gandon S, 2001, NATURE, V414, P751, DOI 10.1038/414751a; Gardner MP, 2006, AGING CELL, V5, P315, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00226.x; Gardner MP, 2004, EXP GERONTOL, V39, P1267, DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2004.06.011; Gemmill AW, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P1148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00117.x; Gems D, 2000, BIOGERONTOLOGY, V1, P289, DOI 10.1023/A:1026546719091; GRAFF DJ, 1967, J PARASITOL, V53, P1030, DOI 10.2307/3276831; Graham AL, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P566, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0707221105; GRANT WN, 2011, MOL PHYSL BASIS NEMA; Guinnee MA, 2003, PARASITOLOGY, V127, P507, DOI 10.1017/S0031182003003998; HARNETT W, 2001, PARASITIC NEMATODES; HAWDON JM, 1991, PARASITE HOST ASS CO; HAWKING F, 1967, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V169, P59, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1967.0079; Hayes KS, 2010, SCIENCE, V328, P1391, DOI 10.1126/science.1187703; Henderson NG, 2006, VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V112, P62, DOI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.012; Hewitson JP, 2009, MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT, V167, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.04.008; HOTEZ P, 1993, PARASITOL TODAY, V9, P23, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90159-D; Hu Patrick J, 2007, WormBook, P1; Jackson JA, 2004, J INFECT DIS, V190, P1804, DOI 10.1086/425014; Jackson JA, 2001, PARASITOLOGY, V123, P455, DOI 10.1017/S0031182001008745; Jackson JA, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04907.x; Jackson JA, 2009, BMC BIOL, V7, DOI 10.1186/1741-7007-7-16; Kaplan RM, 2004, TRENDS PARASITOL, V20, P477, DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2004.08.001; Kuris AM, 2008, NATURE, V454, P515, DOI 10.1038/nature06970; Littlewood DTJ, 1999, BIOL J LINN SOC, V68, P257, DOI 10.1006/bijl.1999.0341; Lynch PA, 2008, PARASITOLOGY, V135, P1599, DOI 10.1017/S0031182008000309; Mackinnon MJ, 2004, PHILOS T R SOC B, V359, P965, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2003.1414; Maizels RM, 2009, J EXP MED, V206, P2059, DOI 10.1084/jem.20091903; Maizels RM, 2004, IMMUNOL REV, V201, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x; Maizels RM, 2003, NAT REV IMMUNOL, V3, P733, DOI 10.1038/nri1183; Moore J, 2002, OXFORD SERIES ECOLOG; MOQBEL R, 1980, EXP PARASITOL, V49, P139, DOI 10.1016/0014-4894(80)90112-5; Morand S, 1998, PARASITOL TODAY, V14, P193, DOI 10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01223-X; Olson PD, 2005, ADV PARASIT, V60, P165, DOI 10.1016/S0065-308X(05)60003-6; PAGE AP, 2007, WORMBOOK, DOI DOI 10.1895/WORM-BOOK.1.138.1; Paterson S, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P1467, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.0433; Pearce EJ, 2002, NAT REV IMMUNOL, V2, P499, DOI 10.1038/nri843; Philippe H, 2011, NATURE, V470, P255, DOI 10.1038/nature09676; POULIN R, 1995, PARASITOL TODAY, V11, P342, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80187-1; Read AF, 1996, PARASITOL TODAY, V12, P337, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(96)10056-9; READ AF, 1995, PARASITOLOGY, V111, P359, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000081919; Reece SE, 2008, NATURE, V453, P609, DOI 10.1038/nature06954; RIDDLE D. 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Biol.	SEP 27	2011	21	18					R767	R774		10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.023				8	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology	827IY	WOS:000295423400021	21959167	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Fawcett, TW; Kuijper, B; Weissing, FJ; Pen, I				Fawcett, Tim W.; Kuijper, Bram; Weissing, Franz J.; Pen, Ido			Sex-ratio control erodes sexual selection, revealing evolutionary feedback from adaptive plasticity	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						evolutionary equilibrium; Fisher process; good genes; phenotypic plasticity; sex-ratio bias	COSTLY MATE PREFERENCES; GENETIC ASSIMILATION; MODELS; ATTRACTIVENESS; OPTIMIZATION; ADJUSTMENT; SPECIATION; CHOICE	Female choice is a powerful selective force, driving the elaboration of conspicuous male ornaments. This process of sexual selection has profound implications for many life-history decisions, including sex allocation. For example, females with attractive partners should produce more sons, because these sons will inherit their father's attractiveness and enjoy high mating success, thereby yielding greater fitness returns than daughters. However, previous research has overlooked the fact that there is a reciprocal feedback from life-history strategies to sexual selection. Here, using a simple mathematical model, we show that if mothers adaptively control offspring sex in relation to their partner's attractiveness, sexual selection is weakened and male ornamentation declines. This weakening occurs because the ability to determine offspring sex reduces the fitness difference between females with attractive and unattractive partners. We use individual-based, evolutionary simulations to show that this result holds under more biologically realistic conditions. Sexual selection and sex allocation thus interact in a dynamic fashion: The evolution of conspicuous male ornaments favors sex-ratio adjustment, but this conditional strategy then undermines the very same process that generated it, eroding sexual selection. We predict that, all else being equal, the most elaborate sexual displays should be seen in species with little or no control over offspring sex. The feedback process we have described points to a more general evolutionary principle, in which a conditional strategy weakens directional selection on another trait by reducing fitness differences.	[Fawcett, Tim W.; Kuijper, Bram; Weissing, Franz J.; Pen, Ido] Univ Groningen, Theoret Biol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands	Fawcett, TW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England.	tim.fawcett@cantab.net	Fawcett, Tim/A-5439-2010; Kuijper, Bram/E-9409-2013	Fawcett, Tim/0000-0001-6337-901X; Kuijper, Bram/0000-0002-7263-2846; Weissing, Franz J./0000-0003-3281-663X	Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [810.67.021]	We thank John McNamara, Tobias Uller, the editor, and two anonymous referees for constructive feedback on the manuscript. This research was funded by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Grant 810.67.021 (to F.J.W.).	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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	SEP 20	2011	108	38					15925	15930		10.1073/pnas.1105721108				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	822FS	WOS:000295030000054	21911375	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Camarasa, C; Sanchez, I; Brial, P; Bigey, F; Dequin, S				Camarasa, Carole; Sanchez, Isabelle; Brial, Pascale; Bigey, Frederic; Dequin, Sylvie			Phenotypic Landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during Wine Fermentation: Evidence for Origin-Dependent Metabolic Traits	PLOS ONE			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ETHANOL TOLERANCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SUGAR-TRANSPORT; YEAST; STRAINS; GENOME; STUCK	The species Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes natural strains, clinical isolates, and a large number of strains used in human activities. The aim of this work was to investigate how the adaptation to a broad range of ecological niches may have selectively shaped the yeast metabolic network to generate specific phenotypes. Using 72 S. cerevisiae strains collected from various sources, we provide, for the first time, a population-scale picture of the fermentative metabolic traits found in the S. cerevisiae species under wine making conditions. Considerable phenotypic variation was found suggesting that this yeast employs diverse metabolic strategies to face environmental constraints. Several groups of strains can be distinguished from the entire population on the basis of specific traits. Strains accustomed to growing in the presence of high sugar concentrations, such as wine yeasts and strains obtained from fruits, were able to achieve fermentation, whereas natural yeasts isolated from "poor-sugar" environments, such as oak trees or plants, were not. Commercial wine yeasts clearly appeared as a subset of vineyard isolates, and were mainly differentiated by their fermentative performances as well as their low acetate production. Overall, the emergence of the origin-dependent properties of the strains provides evidence for a phenotypic evolution driven by environmental constraints and/or human selection within S. cerevisiae.	[Camarasa, Carole; Sanchez, Isabelle; Brial, Pascale; Bigey, Frederic; Dequin, Sylvie] INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; [Camarasa, Carole; Sanchez, Isabelle; Brial, Pascale; Bigey, Frederic; Dequin, Sylvie] SupAgro, UMR1083, Montpellier, France; [Camarasa, Carole; Sanchez, Isabelle; Brial, Pascale; Bigey, Frederic; Dequin, Sylvie] Univ Montpellier 1, UMR1083, Montpellier, France	Camarasa, C (reprint author), INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France.	camarasa@supagro.inra.fr		Bigey, Frederic/0000-0002-6240-3038			Aa E, 2006, FEMS YEAST RES, V6, P702, DOI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00059.x; Albertin W, 2011, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V77, P2772, DOI 10.1128/AEM.02547-10; Alexandre H, 1996, MICROBIOL-SGM, V142, P469, DOI 10.1099/13500872-142-3-469; Argueso JL, 2009, GENOME RES, V19, P2258, DOI 10.1101/gr.091777.109; Azumi M, 2001, YEAST, V18, P1145, DOI 10.1002/yea.767; BELY M, 1990, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V41, P319; Ben-Ari G, 2006, PLOS GENET, V2, P1815, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020195; BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J R STAT SOC B, V57, P289; Bisson LF, 1999, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V50, P107; Blateyron L, 2001, J BIOSCI BIOENG, V91, P184, DOI 10.1263/jbb.91.184; Cavalieri D, 2003, J MOL EVOL, V57, pS226, DOI 10.1007/s00239-003-0031-2; Codon AC, 1998, APPL MICROBIOL BIOT, V49, P154, DOI 10.1007/s002530051152; Cubillos FA, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1401, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05005.x; Diezmann S, 2009, PLOS ONE, V4, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005317; Dray S, 2007, J STAT SOFTW, V22, P1; Ezeronye OU, 2009, J APPL MICROBIOL, V106, P1569, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04118.x; Fay JC, 2005, PLOS GENET, V1, P66, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010005; Fay JC, 2004, GENOME BIOL, V5, DOI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-4-r26; Gilbert H, 2009, 249 U CAL; Hennequin C, 2001, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V39, P551, DOI 10.1128/JCM.39.2.551-559.2001; Homann OR, 2005, PLOS GENET, V1, P715, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010080; Hu XH, 2007, GENETICS, V175, P1479, DOI 10.1534/genetics.106.065292; Kim HS, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P19387, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0708194104; Kim HS, 2009, FEMS YEAST RES, V9, P713, DOI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00516.x; Kim J, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P1563; Kvitek DJ, 2008, PLOS GENET, V4, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000223; Legras JL, 2007, MOL ECOL, V16, P2091, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03266.x; Liti G, 2009, NATURE, V458, P337, DOI 10.1038/nature07743; Magwene PM, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V108, P1987; Manginot C, 1998, ENZYME MICROB TECH, V23, P511, DOI 10.1016/S0141-0229(98)00080-5; Marullo P, 2009, FEMS YEAST RES, V9, P1148, DOI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00550.x; McGovern PE, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P17593, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0407921102; Mortimer R, 1999, RES MICROBIOL, V150, P199, DOI 10.1016/S0923-2508(99)80036-9; Mortimer RK, 2000, GENOME RES, V10, P403, DOI 10.1101/gr.10.4.403; Muller LAH, 2009, MOL ECOL, V18, P2779, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04234.x; Nogami S, 2007, PLOS GENET, V3, P305, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030031; Novo M, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P16333, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0904673106; Palkova Z, 2004, EMBO REP, V5, P470, DOI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400145; Parrou JL, 1997, MICROBIOL-UK, V143, P1891, DOI 10.1099/00221287-143-6-1891; Perlstein EO, 2007, NAT GENET, V39, P496, DOI 10.1038/ng1991; Quan H, 1996, BIOMETRICS, V52, P1195, DOI 10.2307/2532835; Sablayrolles JM, 1996, J FERMENT BIOENG, V82, P377, DOI 10.1016/0922-338X(96)89154-9; SALMON JM, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V55, P953; Santos J, 2008, MICROBIOL-SGM, V154, P422, DOI 10.1099/mic.0.2007/011445-0; Schacherer J, 2007, PLOS ONE, V2, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000322; Schacherer J, 2009, NATURE, V458, P342, DOI 10.1038/nature07670; Sinha H, 2006, PLOS GENET, V2, P140, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020013; Spor A, 2009, BMC EVOL BIOL, V9, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-296; Spor A, 2008, PLOS ONE, V3, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001579; Steinmetz LM, 2002, NATURE, V416, P326, DOI 10.1038/416326a; Varela C, 2004, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V70, P3392, DOI 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3392-3400.2004; Warringer J, 2011, PLOS GENET, V7, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002111; Wei W, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P12825, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0701291104; Winzeler EA, 2003, GENETICS, V163, P79	54	45	45	1	22	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE	SAN FRANCISCO	185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA	1932-6203			PLOS ONE	PLoS One	SEP 16	2011	6	9							e25147	10.1371/journal.pone.0025147				12	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	824BI	WOS:000295173800068	21949874	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Walsh, MR; Post, DM				Walsh, Matthew R.; Post, David M.			Interpopulation variation in a fish predator drives evolutionary divergence in prey in lakes	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						life-history evolution; local adaptation; temperature; countergradient variation	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LATITUDINAL COMPENSATION; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; THERMAL EVOLUTION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; REACTION NORMS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; GROWTH-RATE	Ecological factors are known to cause evolutionary diversification. Recent work has shown that evolution in strongly interacting predator species has reciprocal impacts on ecosystems. These divergent impacts of predators may alter the selective landscape and cause the evolution of prey. Yet, this link between intraspecific variation and evolution is unexplored. We compared the life history of a species of zooplankton (Daphnia ambigua) from lakes in New England in which the dominant planktivorous predator, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), differs in feeding traits and migratory behaviour. Anadromous alewife (seasonal migrants) exhibit larger gapes, gill-raker spacing and target larger prey than landlocked alewife (year-round freshwater resident). In 'anadromous' lakes, Daphnia are abundant in the spring but extirpated by alewife predation in summer. Daphnia are rare year-round in 'landlocked' lakes. We show that Daphnia from lakes with anadromous alewife grew faster, matured earlier but at the same size and produced more offspring than Daphnia from lakes with landlocked or no alewife across multiple temperature and resource treatments. Our results are inconsistent with a response to size-selective predation but are better explained as an adaptation to colder temperatures and shorter periods of development (countergradient variation) mediated by seasonal alewife predation.	[Walsh, Matthew R.; Post, David M.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA	Walsh, MR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	matthew.walsh@yale.edu	Post, David/A-6987-2009	Post, David/0000-0003-1434-7729	National Science Foundation; Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies	We thank Suzanne Alonzo, Steve Stearns and Dave Strayer for use of equipment, and Jakob Brodersen, Torrance Hanley, Elizabeth Hatton, Jennifer Howeth and Andrew Jones for help in the field or laboratory. We thank Kim LaPierre and Linda Puth for providing biovolume data. Comments by three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this paper. The National Science Foundation and the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies provided funding.	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N., 2005, GEOGRAPHIC MOSAIC CO; Van Doorslaer W, 2009, EVOLUTION, V63, P1867, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00679.x; Walsh MR, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P594, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0710051105; WELLBORN GA, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2104, DOI 10.2307/1941614; Whitham TG, 2006, NAT REV GENET, V7, P510, DOI 10.1038/nrg1877; Yamahira K, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P1577, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00130.x	62	45	46	3	62	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	SEP 7	2011	278	1718					2628	2637		10.1098/rspb.2010.2634				10	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	797QK	WOS:000293142200011	21270045	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Charnov, EL; Zuo, WY				Charnov, Eric L.; Zuo, Wenyun			Growth, mortality, and life-history scaling across species	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						allometry; body size; fish; maturity; optimal life history	EVOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; FISHES; SIZE	Hypothesis: Allometric scaling of mortality versus adult body size across species is predicted by evolutionary life-history theory to be present (and precise) only if all the species in the data set share the same value for the 'height' parameter in their body-size growth curves. Results: This basic prediction is tested and supported in a large fish data set, with the various species spanning the entire range of marine environments, and having about a 12 x range in growth curve height.	[Charnov, Eric L.; Zuo, Wenyun] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Charnov, EL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	rlc@unm.edu					Charnov EL, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P494, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.494; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Charnov EL, 2008, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V83, P185, DOI 10.1007/s10641-007-9315-5; Charnov EL, 2011, EVOL ECOL RES, V13, P553; Charnov Eric L., 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V1, P191, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360010604; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Cury P, 2000, ECOL RES, V15, P101, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2000.00321.x; Griffiths D, 2007, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V64, P249, DOI 10.1139/F07-002	9	1	1	1	22	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	SEP	2011	13	6					661	664						4	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	920XG	WOS:000302441700008					2019-02-21	
J	Manyanga, P; Soderstrom, L; Hedderson, TA				Manyanga, Phelex; Soderstrom, Lars; Hedderson, Terry A.			Co-variation of life history characters in the family Lophoziaceae: a multivariate analysis	BRYOLOGIST			English	Article						Bryophyte reproduction; reproductive system; reproductive mode; sporophyte frequency; gemmae frequency; diaspore size	RECIPROCAL TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENT; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; TETRAPHIS-PELLUCIDA; SILVICOLA BUCH; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; MOSSES; SIZE	The particular combinations of life history traits that organisms display are a product of trade-offs between conflicting demands on finite energy budgets. Organisms are, therefore, expected to display combinations of co-evolved life history traits, sometimes referred to as tactics or strategies, that overall maximize fitness within the constraints imposed by environmental and/or genetic limitations. This study uses a combination of Principal Component and Cluster analyses to examine patterns of life history co-variation in the family Lophoziaceae, based on data obtained from literature. We also evaluate the relationship between sexuality, reproductive mode and sporophyte/gemma frequency among members of this family. The species studied are resolved into more or less coherent groups that have specific life history trait combinations. No evidence of either phylogenetic constraint or close relationship to habitat parameters could be demonstrated. The results suggest trade-offs between spore frequency and gemma frequency. Dioicous species dominate the family, with about 90% of the species being dioicous. The relationship between sexuality and sporophyte frequency is statistically significant: monoicous species produce sporophytes more frequently than dioicous species. Mode of reproduction and gemmae production were both independent of sexuality. For species that can reproduce both ways, sexuality was independent of diaspore frequency. The data are consistent with the idea of coevolved life history "strategies" as in most others organisms studied.	[Manyanga, Phelex; Hedderson, Terry A.] Univ Cape Town, Bolus Herbarium, Dept Bot, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; [Soderstrom, Lars] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Manyanga, P (reprint author), Bindura Univ Sci Educ, Dept Biol Sci, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.	pmanyanga@gmail.com	Soderstrom, Lars/A-1196-2013	Soderstrom, Lars/0000-0002-9315-4978	Research Council of Norway; South African National Research Foundation	This study was supported by the Research Council of Norway and the South African National Research Foundation through grants to L. Sederstrom & T. Hedderson. We thank Sanna Laaka-Lindberg for the help mainly in the compilation of data from literature. A number of people have provided assistance and support during the study and we are grateful to them. Special thanks to Ryan de Roo, Natalie Algar, Kristian Hassel, Urban Gunnarsson (Norway), Riitta Ryoma (Finland), Ana Seneca (Portugal), and Lisa Pokorny Montero (Spain), for the experiences shared and help throughout the duration of this study.	Bakalin VA, 2003, ANN BOT FENN, V40, P47; Bapna K. 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J	Lamarque, LJ; Delzon, S; Lortie, CJ				Lamarque, Laurent Jean; Delzon, Sylvain; Lortie, Christopher James			Tree invasions: a comparative test of the dominant hypotheses and functional traits	BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS			English	Article						Tree invasion; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Invasiveness; Invasibility; Functional traits	INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; ALIEN PLANT INVASIONS; ACER-PLATANOIDES L.; PEPPER SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SOIL BIOTA INTERACTIONS; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; CHINESE TALLOW	Trees act as ecosystem engineers and invasions by exotic tree species profoundly impact recipient communities. Recently, research on invasive trees has dramatically increased, enabling the assessment of general trends in tree invasion. Analysing 90 studies dealing with 45 invasive tree species, we conducted a quantitative review and a meta-analysis to estimate the relevance of eight leading hypotheses for explaining tree invasions. We also tested whether species functional traits (growth rate, density/cover, germination, biomass and survival) equally promote tree invasiveness. Overall, our results suggest that several hypotheses, linked to invasibility or invasiveness, are pertinent to explain tree invasions. Furthermore, more than one hypothesis has been supported for a given species, which indicates that multiple factors lead to the success of invasive tree species. In addition, growth rate appears to be the most efficient predictor of invasiveness for invasive trees and could thus be used as a means to identify potential alien tree invasions. We conclude that further investigations are needed to test the consistency of some hypotheses across a broader pool of invasive tree species, whilst experimental studies with the same tree species across a larger range of sites would help to reveal the full suite of factors that affect tree invasions.	[Lamarque, Laurent Jean; Delzon, Sylvain] Univ Bordeaux, INRA, UMR BIOGECO, Talence, France; [Lamarque, Laurent Jean; Lortie, Christopher James] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada	Delzon, S (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, INRA, UMR BIOGECO, Talence, France.	sylvain.delzon@u-bordeaux1.fr	Delzon, Sylvain/R-9538-2018; lortie, christopher/F-6241-2014	Delzon, Sylvain/0000-0003-3442-1711; lortie, christopher/0000-0002-4291-7023	Canada Foundation for Innovation; Conseils generaux de Gironde et du Gers et des Landes entitled "Programme d'etude de l'invasion de l'erable negundo dans les ripisylves du Sud-Ouest de la France"	We thank D. M. Richardson and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments that improved the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant of Canada Foundation for Innovation to CJL and a French grant of Conseils generaux de Gironde et du Gers et des Landes entitled "Programme d'etude de l'invasion de l'erable negundo dans les ripisylves du Sud-Ouest de la France" to SD.	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Invasions	SEP	2011	13	9					1969	1989		10.1007/s10530-011-0015-x				21	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	839EL	WOS:000296348000004					2019-02-21	
J	Arthington, AH; Balcombe, SR				Arthington, Angela H.; Balcombe, Stephen R.			Extreme flow variability and the 'boom and bust' ecology of fish in arid-zone floodplain rivers: a case history with implications for environmental flows, conservation and management	ECOHYDROLOGY			English	Review						fish; flood pulse; connectivity; refugia; environmental flows; conservation	ANASTOMOSING CHANNEL SYSTEM; COOPER CREEK; DRYLAND RIVERS; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; AQUATIC REFUGIA; LOWLAND RIVERS; DESERT STREAM; DRY-SEASON	Floodplain rivers in arid and semi-arid regions may be the most threatened of all river systems because water resource developments typically dampen their most distinctive characteristics-extreme flow variability and 'boom and bust' ecological dynamics. This article shows how one of the world's most variable arid-zone river systems-Cooper Creek in Australia's Lake Eyre Basin-functions and how it supports its unique fish assemblage and productive fisheries. The ecological roles of drought refugia, channel flows and flooding are reviewed in relation to fish persistence and losses, life history strategies, movement potential, food web processes and production levels. Comparisons are drawn with other floodplain rivers and fisheries to draw out common understandings and universal principles for conservation and management of arid-zone rivers and their fish resources. Ecological implications of hydrologic alterations and land-based activities are presented to highlight the importance of maintaining the hydrologic, geomorphic, sedimentary and biogeochemical processes of arid-zone river systems. Preservation or restoration of natural flow intermittency, sequential flood pulses, complex habitat mosaics, connectivity and identification of the environmental flow requirements for highly valued species and processes are key scientific principles for the management of arid-zone floodplain rivers. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	[Arthington, Angela H.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia; [Arthington, Angela H.] Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia	Arthington, AH (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.	a.arthington@griffith.edu.au	Balcombe, Stephen/C-5237-2008	Arthington, Angela/0000-0001-5967-7954	Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Freshwater Ecology, Canberra; eWater CRC; National Water Commission	This review has drawn upon publications arising from the Dryland River Refugia Project, a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional investigation of environmental factors and processes sustaining waterhole biodiversity in dryland rivers of western Queensland, funded by the former Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Freshwater Ecology, Canberra. Compilation of this review was supported by funding from the eWater CRC, and the National Water Commission through the Raising National Water Standards Program. We thank colleagues from the Australian Rivers Institute at Griffith University, the Bureau of Meteorology, the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, and the Murray-Darling Basin Freshwater Research Centre (Northern Basin Laboratory) for field assistance, data on river discharge and valuable discussions. We are indebted to landowners Bob Morrish (Springfield), Angus Emmott (Noonbah), Sandy Kidd (Mayfield), David Smith (Hammond Downs) and George Scott (Tanbar) for access to waterholes on their properties and for their hospitality and encouragement. Field research was conducted under Queensland Fisheries Permit PRM00157K and Griffith University Animal Experimentation Ethics permit AES/03/02.	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J	Lees, DC; Driskell, WB				Lees, D. C.; Driskell, W. B.			GROWTH RATES FOR THE KELPS AGARUM CLATHRATUM, SACCHARINA GROENLANDICA, AND EUALARIA FISTULOSA IN KACHEMAK BAY, ALASKA - DIFFERENCES IN LIFE HISTORY STRATEGIES	JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY			English	Meeting Abstract											dennislees@cox.net; bdriskell@comcast.net						0	0	0	1	7	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0022-3646			J PHYCOL	J. Phycol.	SEP	2011	47			2	SI		S47	S47						1	Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology	822ZO	WOS:000295090200141					2019-02-21	
J	Hui, C; Richardson, DM; Robertson, MP; Wilson, JRU; Yates, CJ				Hui, Cang; Richardson, David M.; Robertson, Mark P.; Wilson, John R. U.; Yates, Colin J.			Macroecology meets invasion ecology: linking the native distributions of Australian acacias to invasiveness	DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS			English	Article						Biological invasions; invasive species; native geographical range; spatial scales; species range size distribution; wattles	PLANT INVASIONS; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; ALIEN PLANTS; RANGE SIZE; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS	Aim Species' native ranges reflect the net outcome of interactions between life-history strategies and biotic and abiotic influences over evolutionary time-scales. Differences in native ranges might be indicative both of relative historical performance and adaptability to new conditions. Consequently, the native ranges of successful invaders might have distinctive biogeographical characteristics. We test this hypothesis by (1) quantifying macroecological patterns of the entire assemblage of native taxa in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae in Australia, (2) testing whether highly invasive taxa represent random samples from the patterns observed for the assemblage as a whole and (3) exploring the link between native geographical range and the position of species along the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum. Location Australia and worldwide. Methods Three distributional metrics representing particular biogeographical characteristics of species' native ranges - the logarithms of range size, percolation intercept and percolation exponent - were calculated by fitting a revised alpha hull to records from Australia's Virtual Herbarium. Randomization and cascaded tests were used to compare these metrics for species at different stages of invasion. Results The macroecological patterns of the three distributional metrics displayed lognormal-like frequency distributions. Most invasive species had significantly lower percolation exponents and larger native ranges than expected from random draws from the entire assemblage of Australian acacias, but percolation intercepts were not significantly different. This can be explained by a selection bias at the early stages of invasion. Main conclusions The outcome of the natural experiment of transplanting many Australian acacias into novel environments is not random. While invasive species have a particular macroecological pattern, this can be explained by the observation that species with large native ranges and low percolation exponents (i.e. high population increase rate) are most likely to have been introduced and naturalized. Whether this pattern is an artefact of human selection or reflects a human bias towards selecting invasive species remains to be seen.	[Hui, Cang; Richardson, David M.; Wilson, John R. U.] Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa; [Robertson, Mark P.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa; [Wilson, John R. U.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa; [Yates, Colin J.] Dept Environm & Conservat, Div Sci, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia	Hui, C (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Bot & Zool, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa.	chui@sun.ac.za	Hui, Cang/A-1781-2008; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Wilson, John/B-4101-2008	Hui, Cang/0000-0002-3660-8160; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Wilson, John/0000-0003-0174-3239	DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology; Working for Water Programme; Oppenheimer Memorial Trust; Stellenbosch University; NRF	Data on Australian Acacia species records are used with permission of the Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria, the custodian of Australia's Virtual Herbarium. We acknowledge financial support from the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology and the Working for Water Programme through their collaborative project on 'Research for Integrated Management of Invasive Alien Species'. The Oppenheimer Memorial Trust and Stellenbosch University funded the October 2010 Acacia workshop in Stellenbosch at which a preliminary version of this paper was presented. C.H. is supported by the NRF Blue Sky Programme and Subcommittee B fund at Stellenbosch University. We are grateful to Rachael Gallagher, Carla Harris, Michelle Leishman, Dan Murphy and Jaco le Roux for their advice on the native distribution of invasive acacias in Australia.	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Distrib.	SEP	2011	17	5			SI		872	883		10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00804.x				12	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	817EZ	WOS:000294655400008		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Colautti, RI; Barrett, SCH				Colautti, Robert I.; Barrett, Spencer C. H.			POPULATION DIVERGENCE ALONG LINES OF GENETIC VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE IN THE INVASIVE PLANT LYTHRUM SALICARIA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Fitness trade-off; G matrix; purple loosestrife; quantitative genetics	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GENERAL-PURPOSE GENOTYPES; PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE; NATURAL-SELECTION; G-MATRIX; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS	Evolution during biological invasion may occur over contemporary timescales, but the rate of evolutionary change may be inhibited by a lack of standing genetic variation for ecologically relevant traits and by fitness trade-offs among them. The extent to which these genetic constraints limit the evolution of local adaptation during biological invasion has rarely been examined. To investigate genetic constraints on life-history traits, we measured standing genetic variance and covariance in 20 populations of the invasive plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) sampled along a latitudinal climatic gradient in eastern North America and grown under uniform conditions in a glasshouse. Genetic variances within and among populations were significant for all traits; however, strong intercorrelations among measurements of seedling growth rate, time to reproductive maturity and adult size suggested that fitness trade-offs have constrained population divergence. Evidence to support this hypothesis was obtained from the genetic variance-covariance matrix (G) and the matrix of (co)variance among population means (D), which were 79.8% (95% C.I. 77.7-82.9%) similar. These results suggest that population divergence during invasive spread of L. salicaria in eastern North America has been constrained by strong genetic correlations among life-history traits, despite large amounts of standing genetic variation for individual traits.	[Colautti, Robert I.; Barrett, Spencer C. H.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada	Colautti, RI (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, POB 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA.	rob.colautti@utoronto.ca	Barrett, Spencer/M-3751-2013; Colautti, Robert/E-6804-2011	Colautti, Robert/0000-0003-4213-0711	University of North Carolina's research computing cluster; Ontario Government; University of Toronto; Ontario Premier's Discovery Award; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair program	We thank M. Blows, J. Stinchcombe, K. Rice, A. Weis, and C. Eckert for comments on the manuscript; L. Flagel for assistance running SAS on University of North Carolina's research computing cluster; the Ontario Government and the University of Toronto for scholarship support to RIC; the Canada Research Chair program and an Ontario Premier's Discovery Award for funding to SCHB; and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for a graduate scholarship to RIC and a Discovery Grant to SCHB.	Arnold SJ, 2008, EVOLUTION, V62, P2451, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00472.x; BAKER H. G., 1965, The genetics of colonizing species: Proc. 1st Internat, Union biol Sci., Asilomar, California., P147; Barrett S. C. H., 1990, Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources., P254; Barrett S. C. H., 1989, Isozymes in plant biology., P106; Barrett Spencer C. 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J	Glenn, AL; Kurzban, R; Raine, A				Glenn, Andrea L.; Kurzban, Robert; Raine, Adrian			Evolutionary theory and psychopathy	AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Psychopathy; Adaptation; Pathology; Genetic; Mutation	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; TAXOMETRIC ANALYSIS; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; MENTAL-DISORDERS; GENETIC MODELS; DARK TRIAD; BEHAVIOR; EMOTION; INTELLIGENCE; MODULATION	Psychopathy represents a unique set of personality traits including deceitfulness, lack of empathy and guilt, impulsiveness, and antisocial behavior. Most often in the literature, psychopathy is described as pathology a disorder that has been linked to a variety of biological deficits and environmental risk factors. However, from an evolutionary perspective, psychopathy, while it could be a disorder, has been construed in the context of an adaptive strategy. In this article we will examine the strengths and weaknesses of two models suggesting that psychopathy is an adaptive strategy, and one model suggesting that it is a form of pathology resulting from accumulated mutations. Overall, we do not find that there is strong enough evidence to draw firm conclusions about one theory over another, but we highlight some areas where future research may be able to shed light on the issue. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Glenn, Andrea L.; Kurzban, Robert; Raine, Adrian] Univ Penn, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Raine, Adrian] Univ Penn, Dept Criminol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Raine, Adrian] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA	Glenn, AL (reprint author), 3809 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.	aglenn@sas.upenn.edu					Anderson S. 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S., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P68; Keller MC, 2006, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V29, P429; Keller MC, 2006, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V29, P385, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X06009095; Ketelaar T, 2003, COGNITION EMOTION, V17, P429, DOI 10.1080/02699930143000662; Kosson DS, 2002, EMOTION, V2, P398, DOI 10.1037/1528-3542.2.4.398; Krischer MK, 2008, INT J LAW PSYCHIAT, V31, P253, DOI 10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.04.008; Lang S, 2002, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V106, P93, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.106.s412.20.x; Larsson H, 2006, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V115, P221, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.115.2.221; Loney BR, 1998, J PSYCHOPATHOL BEHAV, V20, P231, DOI 10.1023/A:1023015318156; Loney BR, 2007, AGGRESSIVE BEHAV, V33, P242, DOI 10.1002/ab.20184; Lorber MF, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P531, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.531; Lykken D. T., 1995, ANTISOCIAL PERSONALI; MacCabe JH, 2009, PSYCHOL MED, V39, P1667, DOI 10.1017/S0033291709005431; Marshall LA, 1999, J PERS DISORD, V13, P211, DOI 10.1521/pedi.1999.13.3.211; MEALEY L, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V18, P523, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00039595; MILGRAM S, 1963, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V67, P371, DOI 10.1037/h0040525; Murphy D., 2000, EVOLUTION HUMAN MIND, P62; Nesse RM, 1994, WHY WE GET SICK NEW; O'Leary MM, 2007, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V32, P183, DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.12.004; ONEILL ML, 2003, INT J FORENSIC MENT, V2, P35; PATRICK CJ, 1993, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V102, P82, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.102.1.82; PATRICK CJ, 1994, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V31, P319, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02440.x; Raine A, 2004, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V55, P185, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00727-3; Raine A, 1998, NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE, V11, P1; Raine A, 1993, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY CRIM; Raine A, 2010, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V197, P186, DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078485; ROZIN P, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P870, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.870; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; RYAN MJ, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V24, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF00293262; Sadeh N, 2010, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V119, P604, DOI 10.1037/a0019709; Salekin RT, 2004, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC, V33, P731, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp3304_8; Stephens D. 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SEP-OCT	2011	16	5			SI		371	380		10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.009				10	Criminology & Penology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Criminology & Penology; Psychology	815ML	WOS:000294529600002					2019-02-21	
J	Gettler, LT; McDade, TW; Kuzawa, CW				Gettler, Lee T.; McDade, Thomas W.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.			Cortisol and Testosterone in Filipino Young Adult Men: Evidence for Co-regulation of Both Hormones by Fatherhood and Relationship Status	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RAT LEYDIG-CELLS; SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE; CUSHINGS-SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; CIRCADIAN VARIATION; SERUM TESTOSTERONE	Objectives: Although cortisol (CURT) may suppress testosterone (T) production under stress, in many species males' T and CURT are co-elevated during mate acquisition or conspecific competition. It is presently unknown how CURT co-varies with T in relation to fatherhood/relationship status in men. Here we evaluate associations between waking (AM) and pre-bed (PM) salivary CURT and T, and with plasma total T and luteinizing hormone. We also test whether co-elevation or co-downregulation of CURT and T are present in men who are mating-oriented (non-pairbonded, non-fathers) and parenting-oriented (pairbonded and/or fathers), respectively. Methods: Data come from 630 of young adult Filipino males (21-23 years) enrolled in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a population-based birth cohort study in Cebu City, Philippines. Results: T and CURT were positively related in AM (r = 0.37) and PM (r = 0.30) saliva samples (both P < 0.001). The positive relationship between AM measures was strengthened as caloric intake improved (interaction P < 0.05). Mating-oriented men were more likely to have co-elevated PM CURT and T (P < 0.05), defined as being in the highest tertile for both hormones, while parenting-oriented men were more likely to have co-downregulated (lowest tertile for both hormones) AM (P < 0.05) and PM (P < 0.001) CURT and T. Conclusions: CURT and T are positively related upon waking and before bed and are more likely to be co-elevated in mating-oriented men and co-downregulated in parenting-oriented men. Our findings support the interpretation that CURT and T serve complementary roles in facilitating men's mating effort. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 23:609-620, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Gettler, Lee T.; McDade, Thomas W.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Gettler, Lee T.; McDade, Thomas W.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Social Dispar & Hlth, Inst Policy Res, Cells Soc C2S, Evanston, IL 60208 USA	Kuzawa, CW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.	kuzawa@northwestern.edu			Wenner Gren Foundation [7356]; National Science Foundation [BCS-0542182]; Interdisciplinary Obesity Center [RR20649]; Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility [ES10126];  [7-2004-E]	Contract grant sponsor: Wenner Gren Foundation; Contract grant number; 7356; Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant number: BCS-0542182; Contract grant sponsor: Interdisciplinary Obesity Center; Contract grant number: RR20649; Contract grant sponsor: Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility; Contract grant number: ES10126; Contract grant sponsor: project 7-2004-E.	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J. Hum. Biol.	SEP-OCT	2011	23	5					609	620		10.1002/ajhb.21187				12	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	813TH	WOS:000294392600005	21638512				2019-02-21	
J	Fujita, M; Shell-Duncan, B; Ndemwa, P; Brindle, E; Lo, YJ; Kombe, Y; O'Connor, K				Fujita, Masako; Shell-Duncan, Bettina; Ndemwa, Philip; Brindle, Eleanor; Lo, Yun-Jia; Kombe, Yeri; O'Connor, Kathleen			Vitamin A Dynamics in Breastmilk and Liver Stores: A Life History Perspective	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							RELATIVE-DOSE-RESPONSE; RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; RENDILLE PASTORALISTS; NORTHERN KENYA; SERUM RETINOL; MATERNAL-DIETARY; LACTATING WOMEN; PLASMA RETINOL; BETA-CAROTENE; DEFICIENCY	Objectives: Newborns are dependent on breastmilk vitamin A for building hepatic stores of vitamin A that will become critical for survival after weaning. It has been documented that vitamin A concentrations in breastmilk decline across the first year postpartum in both well-nourished and malnourished populations. The reason for this decline has been assumed to be a sign of concurrently depleting maternal hepatic stores. This study investigates this assumption to clarify why the decline occurs, drawing on life history theory. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among lactating mothers in Kenya in 2006. Data were used to examine (1) the relationship between liver vitamin A and time, (2) if the relationship between milk and liver vitamin A varies by time, and (3) by maternal parity. Results: The relationship between liver vitamin A and time fits the quadratic pattern with marginal significance (P = 0.071, n = 192); the liver vitamin A declined during early postpartum then recovered in late postpartum time, controlling covariates. The milk-liver vitamin A relationship varied by postpartum time periods (P = 0.03) and by maternal parity (P = 0.005). Mothers in earlier postpartum or higher parity had a stronger positive relationship between milk and liver vitamin A than mothers in later postpartum or lower parity. Conclusions: Our observations are consistent with life history tradeoffs and negate the assumption that maternal hepatic and milk vitamin A decline together. Rather, maternal liver vitamin A has a dynamic relationship with milk vitamin A, particularly depending on postpartum time and maternal parity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 23:664-673, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Fujita, Masako] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anthropol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Shell-Duncan, Bettina; O'Connor, Kathleen] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Shell-Duncan, Bettina; Brindle, Eleanor; O'Connor, Kathleen] Univ Washington, Ctr Studies Demog & Ecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Ndemwa, Philip; Kombe, Yeri] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Nairobi, Kenya; [Lo, Yun-Jia] Michigan State Univ, Dept Counseling Educ Psychol & Special Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Lo, Yun-Jia] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Stat Training & Consulting, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA	Fujita, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 328 Baker Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.	masakof@msu.edu		Brindle, Eleanor/0000-0002-4272-0909	NSF Dissertation Improvement [0622358]; Wenner-Gren Foundation Research [7460]; Micronutrient Initiative (Ottawa)	Contract grant sponsor: NSF Dissertation Improvement; Contract grant number: 0622358; Contract grant sponsor: Wenner-Gren Foundation Research; Contract grant number: 7460; Contract grant sponsor: Micronutrient Initiative (Ottawa).	Ahmed F, 2003, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V6, P447, DOI 10.1079/PHN2002454; BIERI JG, 1979, AM J CLIN NUTR, V32, P2143; Black R, 2003, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V81, P79; BOEDIMAN D, 1979, J TROP PED ENV CH H, V25, P107, DOI 10.1093/tropej/25.4.107; Brindle E, 2010, J IMMUNOL METHODS, V362, P112, DOI 10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.014; Ellison P. T., 1991, APPLICATIONS BIOL AN, P14; Ellison PT, 2003, AM J HUM BIOL, V15, P342, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10152; Erhardt, 2003, SIGHT LIFE VITAMIN A; Ettyang GA, 2003, ANN NUTR METAB, V47, P276, DOI 10.1159/000072400; Fawzi W, 2002, JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF, V31, P331, DOI 10.1097/00126334-200211010-00010; Fratkin E., 1991, SURVIVING DROUGHT DE; Fratkin EM, 1999, CURR ANTHROPOL, V40, P729, DOI 10.1086/300093; Frisancho A. R, 1990, ANTHROPOMETRIC STAND, P1; Fujita M, 2008, AM J HUM BIOL, V20, P219; Fujita M, 2004, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V123, P277, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10310; Fujita M., 2006, J DEV ALTERNATIVE AR, V25, P88; FUJITA M, 2009, MICR FOR BEIJ CHIN M; Fujita M., 2008, THESIS U WASHINGTON; FUJITA M, 2009, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V138, P130; FUJITA M, 2007, ANN M CAN ASS PHYS A; Fujita M, 2005, STUD HUM ECOL ADAPT, V1, P209; Fujita M, 2009, AM J CLIN NUTR, V90, P217, DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27569; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; GEBREMEDHIN M, 1976, AM J CLIN NUTR, V29, P441; GIBSON RS, 1990, PRINCIPLES NUTR ASSE, P37; Gross R, 1998, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V52, P884, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600660; Haskell MJ, 1999, J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL, V4, P243, DOI 10.1023/A:1018745812512; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; JELLIFFE DB, 1978, AM J CLIN NUTR, V31, P492; KALTON G, 1983, INTRO SURVEY SAMPLIN, P5; KATZ J, 1995, J NUTR, V125, P2122; KELSEY JL, 1986, MONOGRAPHS EPIDEMIOL, V10; Lombardi J., 1998, COMP VERTEBRATE REPR, P353; LUCAS A, 1978, BRIT MED J, V1, P1018, DOI 10.1136/bmj.1.6119.1018; MCLAREN DS, 2001, SIGHT LIFE MANUAL VI; Nathan MA, 1996, SOC SCI MED, V43, P503, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00428-9; Newman V., 1993, VITAMIN A BREASTFEED; Panpanich R, 2002, ANN TROP PAEDIATR, V22, P321, DOI 10.1179/027249302125001976; Rice AL, 1999, J NUTR, V129, P356; Rice AL, 2000, AM J CLIN NUTR, V71, P799; Rice AL, 2000, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V478, P375; Rosales FJ, 1996, J LIPID RES, V37, P962; ROSE MR, 1983, AM ZOOL, V25, P15; Roth E. 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J. Hum. Biol.	SEP-OCT	2011	23	5					664	673		10.1002/ajhb.21195				10	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	813TH	WOS:000294392600012	21695742	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Zheng, YC; Peng, R; Kuro-O, M; Zeng, XM				Zheng, Yuchi; Peng, Rui; Kuro-o, Masaki; Zeng, Xiaomao			Exploring Patterns and Extent of Bias in Estimating Divergence Time from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Data in a Particular Lineage: A Case Study of Salamanders (Order Caudata)	MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						molecular clock; substitution saturation; substitution model; deep calibration; mitochondrial genome; nuclear exon	BRANCH-LENGTH ESTIMATION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; MODERN AMPHIBIANS	In the practice of molecular dating, substitution saturation will bias the results if not properly modeled. Date estimates based on commonly used mitochondrial DNA sequences likely suffer from this problem because of their high substitution rate. Nevertheless, the patterns and extent of such expected bias remain unknown for many major evolutionary lineages, which often differ in ages, available calibrations, and substitution rates of their mitochondrial genome. In this case study of salamanders, we used estimates based on multiple nuclear exons to assess the effects of saturation on dating divergences using mitochondrial genome sequences on a timescale of similar to 200-300 My. The results indicated that, due to saturation for older divergences and in the absence of younger effective calibration points, dates derived from the mitochondrial data were considerably overestimated and systematically biased toward the calibration point for the ingroup root. The overestimate might be as great as 3-10 times (about 20 My) older than actual divergence dates for recent splitting events and 40 My older for events that are more ancient. For deep divergences, dates estimated were strongly compressed together. Furthermore, excluding the third codon positions of protein-coding genes or only using the RNA genes or second codon positions did not considerably improve the performance. In the order Caudata, slowly evolving markers such as nuclear exons are preferred for dating a phylogeny covering a relatively wide time span. Dates estimated from these markers can be used as secondary calibrations for dating recent events based on rapidly evolving markers for which mitochondrial DNA sequences are attractive candidates due to their short coalescent time. In other groups, similar evaluation should be performed to facilitate the choice of markers for molecular dating and making inferences from the results.	[Zheng, Yuchi; Peng, Rui; Zeng, Xiaomao] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Dept Herpetol, Chengdu, Peoples R China; [Peng, Rui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Sichuan Key Lab Conservat Biol Endangered Wildlif, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China; [Kuro-o, Masaki] Hirosaki Univ, Dept Biol, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan	Zheng, YC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Dept Herpetol, Chengdu, Peoples R China.	zhengyc@cib.ac.cn; zengxm@cib.ac.cn		Zeng, Xiaomao/0000-0002-1952-2170	National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [NSFC-30870287, NSFC-30900134]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [08B3031100, 09C3011100, KSCX2-YW-Z-0906]; National Science Foundation [EF-0334939]	We are grateful for the access to the Paradactylodon tissue samples, which are deposited in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at Berkeley. We thank David Wake, Jinzhong Fu, and Rachel Mueller for their valuable comments and suggestions on this manuscript. We thank Huijie Qiao, Chaodong Zhu, Jianping Jiang, and Xianguang Guo for their help with this work. We also thank Koichiro Tamura and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. Part of this work was carried out using the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit from Cornell University which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-30870287, NSFC-30900134), by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (08B3031100, 09C3011100, KSCX2-YW-Z-0906), and by the National Science Foundation (EF-0334939).	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Biol. Evol.	SEP	2011	28	9					2521	2535		10.1093/molbev/msr072				15	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	815TO	WOS:000294552700014	21422243	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Remmel, T; Davison, J; Tammaru, T				Remmel, Triinu; Davison, John; Tammaru, Toomas			Quantifying predation on folivorous insect larvae: the perspective of life-history evolution	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Review						body size; larval mortality; Lepidoptera; optimality models; top-down effects	GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SIZE-DEPENDENT PREDATION; ENEMY-FREE SPACE; EPIPHYAS-POSTVITTANA LEPIDOPTERA; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA LEPIDOPTERA; BEETLE GALERUCELLA-LINEOLA; TREE-FEEDING INSECTS; SAWFLY ATHALIA-ROSAE; WILLOW LEAF BEETLE	Assumptions about mortality rates form a cornerstone for models of life-history evolution. When seeking adaptive explanations for body sizes, the size dependence of predation risk is of particular interest. Here, we review published studies that provide (1) estimates of the daily predation rates experienced by insect larvae feeding on tree leaves or (2) evidence concerning the relationship between predation risk and larval size. Larvae were found to experience an average avian predation rate of 3.1% per day and an average arthropod predation rate of 10.5% per day. In some studies, mortality rates were systematically dependent on parameters of the larvae (e. g. coloration) or of the environment (host plant, season), but not to the extent that would render generalizations meaningless. Nevertheless, mortality rates varied considerably more for arthropod than avian predators, making an estimate of avian predation rate more reliable for use in quantitative models. Moreover, birds tend to be a more important predator guild exploiting the larger larval stages, as indicated by the predominantly positive size dependence of avian predation risk. By contrast, predation by arthropods was generally negatively size dependent. Based on the available data, we estimate that avian predation rates increase approximately 3.6-fold, while arthropod predation rates decrease approximately 4.9-fold, in response to a 2-fold increase in the linear size of prey. A modelling exercise showed that realistic mortality rates - if assumed to be independent of size - cannot serve as a basis for adaptive explanations for observed body sizes. However, by assuming a positive size dependence of mortality risk within the limits observed for bird predation, it is possible to explain a wide range of body sizes within an optimality framework. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 1-18.	[Remmel, Triinu; Davison, John; Tammaru, Toomas] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia	Remmel, T (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, 46 Vanemuise St, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia.	triinu.remmel@ut.ee	Remmel, Triinu/H-3207-2012	Remmel, Triinu/0000-0003-0794-658X	Estonian Target Financing [SF0180122S08]; Estonian Science Foundation [7522]; European Union through the (Center of Excellence FIBIR)	We thank Toomas Esperk, Juhan Javois, Ann Kraut, Freerk Molleman, Siiri-Lii Sandre, Anu Sang, Robby Stoks, Tiit Teder and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. The study was financed by Estonian Target Financing grant SF0180122S08, Estonian Science Foundation grant 7522 and by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR).	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J. Linnean Soc.	SEP	2011	104	1					1	18		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01721.x				18	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	809RS	WOS:000294075000001		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Eraly, D; Hendrickx, F; Backeljau, T; Bervoets, L; Lens, L				Eraly, Debbie; Hendrickx, Frederik; Backeljau, Thierry; Bervoets, Lieven; Lens, Luc			Direct and indirect effects of metal stress on physiology and life history variation in field populations of a lycosid spider	ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY			English	Article						Pardosa saltans; Metal; Metallothionein; Life history; Ecological effects; Field study	CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; METALLOTHIONEIN-LIKE PROTEINS; ORCHESELLA-CINCTA COLLEMBOLA; INDUSTRIALLY POLLUTED AREAS; ISOPOD PORCELLIO SCABER; HEAVY-METALS; WOLF-SPIDER; TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; PIRATA-PIRATICUS; CADMIUM ACCUMULATION	1. Under stress, life history theory predicts reduced growth rates and adult sizes, reduced reproductive allocation, production of larger offspring and postponed reproduction. Both direct and indirect effects of metals can explain these trends, mainly linked to energetic constraints. Metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP's) are believed to be an important defense mechanism against the adverse effects of metals and other stressors. 2. We tested these predictions comparing six field populations of the wolf spider Pardosa saltans, three of which were on sites that are historically polluted with heavy metals. 3. As expected for life histories evolving under energetic constraints, adult size and condition correlated negatively and egg mass positively with Cd concentrations for a subset of four populations. In the population that showed the highest cadmium and zinc body burdens, reproductive output and allocation were lowest and reproduction was postponed. 4. Contrary to our expectation, for all six study populations MTLP concentrations did not increase in exposed populations, indicating that this defense mechanism cannot explain the observed variation in life histories. 5. We conclude that indirect and synergistic effects of metal pollution may be more important than physiological defense mechanisms in shaping life history traits in field populations. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Eraly, Debbie; Hendrickx, Frederik; Lens, Luc] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Terr Ecol Unit, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [Hendrickx, Frederik; Backeljau, Thierry] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; [Backeljau, Thierry; Bervoets, Lieven] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Ecophysiol Biochem & Toxicol Grp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium	Eraly, D (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Terr Ecol Unit, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.	debbieraly@gmail.com; frederik.hendrickx@naturalsciences.be; Thierry.backeljau@naturalsciences.be; lieven.bervoets@ua.ac.be; luc.lens@ugent.be	Bervoets, Lieven/E-5012-2015; Hendrickx, Frederik/F-3149-2013		Research Foundation Flanders [G.0202.06]	We are indebted to K. Franck for help with experiments, S. Joosen for MT analysis and V. Mubiana for metal analysis. M. Van de Acker provided constructive comments which substantially improved the quality of this manuscript. This study was funded through research grant G.0202.06 of Research Foundation Flanders to LL, FH, J.-P. Maelfait and T. Backeljau. The funding source was not involved in the conception of this study or writing of the article. DE is a research assistant of FWO Flanders.	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Environ. Safe.	SEP	2011	74	6					1489	1497		10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.014				9	Environmental Sciences; Toxicology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology	810DO	WOS:000294105800005	21513981				2019-02-21	
J	Johow, J; Fox, M; Knapp, LA; Voland, E				Johow, Johannes; Fox, Molly; Knapp, Leslie A.; Voland, Eckart			The presence of a paternal grandmother lengthens interbirth interval following the birth of a granddaughter in Krummhorn (18th and 19th centuries)	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Paternal grandmothers; Interbirth intervals; Life history theory; X-chromosomal relatedness; Krummhorn	RESOURCE COMPETITION; LIFE; 19TH-CENTURY; POPULATION; INVESTMENT; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; RESEMBLANCE; STRATEGIES; LACTATION	Because only daughters inherit the paternal X-chromosome, an asymmetry in adaptive investment decisions has been suggested for certain patrilineal kin. Namely, paternal grandmothers (PGMs) may favor a granddaughter over a grandson, because (within the limits of paternity uncertainty) the former definitely carries one of their X-chromosomes, while the latter definitely does not. Here, we test the hypothesis that the PGMs' sex-specific favoritism influences reproductive scheduling. Using family-reconstitution data, we analyzed interbirth intervals (IBIs) in the historical population from the Krummhorn (Ostfriesland, Germany). In order to account for potentially timevarying effects on IBIs we applied (and combined) both the additive hazards regression of Aalen and the Cox proportional hazards model. We found that the presence of the PGM but not that of the maternal grandmother (MGM), correlates with the IBI following the birth of a grandchild as a function of the grandchild's sex. Specifically, in the presence of a PGM, the IBIs following the birth of a granddaughter are longer than in her absence. However, contrary to predictions from theoretical life history framework, model estimates for a PGM's effect on a mother's IBI did not significantly vary over time This study supports the hypothesis that PGM behavior differs according to her grandchild's sex. Further research should now explore the biological mechanism underlying this phenomenon. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Johow, Johannes; Voland, Eckart] Univ Giessen, Zentrum Philosophie & Grundlagen Wissensch, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; [Fox, Molly; Knapp, Leslie A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biol Anthropol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England	Voland, E (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Zentrum Philosophie & Grundlagen Wissensch, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.	eckart.voland@phil.uni-giessen.de		Fox, Molly/0000-0001-9219-8971			Alvergne A, 2009, ANIM BEHAV, V78, P61, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.03.019; Baldi I, 2006, AUST J STAT, V35, P77; Beise J, 2008, AM J HUM BIOL, V20, P325, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20730; BROCKDORFF N, 2007, EPIGENETICS, P321; Coeurjolly JF, 2009, R J, V1, P26; COX DR, 1972, J R STAT SOC B, V34, P187; Euler H. 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Hum. Behav.	SEP	2011	32	5					315	325		10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.11.004				11	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences	810DJ	WOS:000294105300003					2019-02-21	
J	Richter-Boix, A; Tejedo, M; Rezende, EL				Richter-Boix, Alex; Tejedo, Miguel; Rezende, Enrico L.			Evolution and plasticity of anuran larval development in response to desiccation. A comparative analysis	ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Anuran tadpoles; developmental plasticity; evolutionary trade-off; life-history theory; phylogenetic analyses	ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; REACTION NORMS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GLOBAL PATTERNS; GROWTH-RATES; SIZE; FROGS	Anurans breed in a variety of aquatic habitats with contrasting levels of desiccation risk, which may result in selection for faster development during larval stages. Previous studies suggest that species in ephemeral ponds reduce their developmental times to minimize desiccation risks, although it is not clear how variation in desiccation risk affects developmental strategies in different species. Employing a comparative phylogenetic approach including data from published and unpublished studies encompassing 62 observations across 30 species, we tested if species breeding in ephemeral ponds (High risk) develop faster than those from permanent ponds (Low risk) and/or show increased developmental plasticity in response to drying conditions. Our analyses support shorter developmental times in High risk, primarily by decreasing body mass at metamorphosis. Plasticity in developmental times was small and did not differ between groups. However, accelerated development in High risk species generally resulted in reduced sizes at metamorphosis, while some Low risk species were able compensate this effect by increasing mean growth rates. Taken together, our results suggest that plastic responses in species breeding in ephemeral ponds are constrained by a general trade-off between development and growth rates.	[Richter-Boix, Alex] Uppsala Univ, Dept Populat Biol & Conservat Biol, EBC, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [Tejedo, Miguel] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, E-41092 Seville, Spain; [Rezende, Enrico L.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grp Biol Evolutiva, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain	Richter-Boix, A (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Populat Biol & Conservat Biol, EBC, Norbyvagen 18 D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.	alex.richter@ebc.uu.se	Rezende, Enrico/B-8029-2012; Richter-Boix, Alex/E-3990-2012	Rezende, Enrico/0000-0002-6245-9605; Richter-Boix, Alex/0000-0002-8559-5191	Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica (MICINN) [CGL2004-01872/BOS, CGL2009-12767-C02-02]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Spain) [BFU2009-07564]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture [MEC2007-0944]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain)	We are very grateful to M. D. Boone, J. Loman for providing important unpublished data, F. Johansson, A. Laurila, C. Navas, R. Stoks, J. Wiens, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was partially funded by project (CGL2004-01872/BOS and CGL2009-12767-C02-02) from Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica (MICINN), conceded to M. Tejedo and by the grant BFU2009-07564 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Spain) awarded to ELR. AR-B was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture postdoctoral grant (MEC2007-0944). ELR is currently a Ramon y Cajal Fellow funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain).	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J	Gergs, A; Classen, S; Hommen, U; Preuss, TG				Gergs, Andre; Classen, Silke; Hommen, Udo; Preuss, Thomas G.			Identification of realistic worst case aquatic macroinvertebrate species for prospective risk assessment using the trait concept	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH			English	Article						Aquatic; Macroinvertebrate; Species; Trait	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL TRAITS; STREAMS; PESTICIDES; PERSPECTIVES; MANAGEMENT; TOXICANTS; PATTERNS; BIVALVIA	Purpose Approaches in environmental risk assessment for pesticides are becoming more and more realistic. Thereby, risk assessment has to be protective in a way that no long-lasting (adverse) effects on populations will occur in the environment. Since this imperative includes species generally showing high population vulnerability due to their life history traits, prospective risk assessment should be based on realistic worst cases. Based on life history traits, the purpose of the current study was to verify whether a worst case combination of low potential for intrinsic recovery and low ability for recolonisation can be found in the field. Methods Combinations of traits related to dispersal ability and reproduction of macroinvertebrates were investigated using monitoring data from edge of field water bodies in Germany. The relative distribution of traits was analyzed across different agricultural regions and across sites of different potential for exposure to pesticides. Species were sorted in a tiered approach in order to gain a list of realistic worst case species. Results Life history traits were found equally distributed across different regions. Thereby, dispersal ability and voltinism were not randomly combined. Within the data analysed, low dispersal ability was found to be exclusive to semivoltine taxa. Owing to their appearance in reference sites, poor dispersal ability and a long time reproduction, three species were considered potentially worst case. Conclusions The trait approach was found to be suitable in comparing trait distributions within different regions and in compiling a list of critical taxa for consideration in environmental risk assessment.	[Gergs, Andre; Preuss, Thomas G.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Environm Res, Aachen, Germany; [Classen, Silke] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Res Inst Ecosyst Anal & Assessment Gaiac, Aachen, Germany; [Hommen, Udo] Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol IME, Schmallenberg, Germany	Gergs, A (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Environm Res, Aachen, Germany.	andre.gergs@bio5.rwth-aachen.de	Hommen, Udo/K-2182-2013; Preuss, Thomas G./A-7926-2009	Preuss, Thomas G./0000-0001-6249-6003; Gergs, Andre/0000-0002-1752-1342	Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Germany [3707 63 4001]	The authors would like to thank Mascha Rubach and Phillipe Usseglio-Polatera for kindly making trait databases available. Thanks are also given to Devdutt Kulkarni and Lara Ibrahim for proof reading. This study was conducted in the frame of the GeoRisk project (2008-2010) which was financially supported by the Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Germany under Project-Number 3707 63 4001.	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J	Lewitus, E; Soligo, C				Lewitus, Eric; Soligo, Christophe			Life-History Correlates of Placental Structure in Eutherian Evolution	EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Review						Placentation; Mutational mapping; Character association; Ancestral state reconstruction; Genomic-imprinting; Viviparity	ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES; DRIVEN CONFLICT HYPOTHESIS; FETAL MEMBRANES; GROWTH-HORMONE; GENETIC INCOMPATIBILITY; STABILIZING SELECTION; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; ECHINOPS-TELFAIRI; REPRODUCTIVE MODE; OXYGEN-AFFINITY	The eutherian placenta shows remarkable evolutionary plasticity. To date, however, success in identifying selection pressures behind the observed diversity of placental structures has been limited. Evolutionary convergence among definitive placental morphologies and between placental morphologies and life-history variables can be used to suggest functions of derived aspects of placentation. In this paper, we use, for the first time, a comprehensive phylogenetic comparative approach to map phenotypic character states of both placental morphologies and life-history characteristics of species onto hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Eutheria. We employ phylogenetic methods for ancestral reconstruction, mutational mapping, and association analysis to resolve associations between five aspects of placental structure and to identify dominant combinations, or syndromes, of placental morphology. We map twenty life-history characters onto the eutherian phylogeny to examine how they correlate, over evolutionary time, with the multivariate diversification of placental structures. We identify two distinct eutherian constellations, based on associations between life-history and placental structure, which broadly reflect a dichotomy between slow and fast life-history strategies. In addition, we suggest that the observed association between placental invasiveness and group size is indicative of the effect of social behavior on the utility of genomic-imprinting in eutherian evolution.	[Lewitus, Eric; Soligo, Christophe] UCL, Dept Anthropol, London, England	Lewitus, E (reprint author), UCL, Dept Anthropol, London, England.	e.lewitus@ucl.ac.uk; c.soligo@ucl.ac.uk					Abd-Elnaeim MM, 1999, CELLS TISSUES ORGANS, V164, P141, DOI 10.1159/000016652; Allen WR, 2003, PLACENTA, V24, P598, DOI 10.1016/S0143-4004(03)00102-4; Allen WR, 2002, REPRODUCTION, P105; AMOROSO EC, 1959, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V75, P855, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44596.x; Archibald J. 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J	Canestrari, D; Marcos, JM; Baglione, V				Canestrari, D.; Marcos, J. M.; Baglione, V.			Helpers at the nest compensate for reduced maternal investment in egg size in carrion crows	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						carrion crows; cooperative breeding; egg size; helpers; maternal effects; maternal strategies	COOPERATIVELY BREEDING BIRDS; CORVUS-CORONE-CORONE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ALBUMIN REMOVAL; KIN SELECTION; BREEDERS; HYPOTHESIS; EVOLUTION; BENEFITS; QUALITY	Life history theory predicts that mothers should trade off current and future reproductive attempts to maximize lifetime fitness. When breeding conditions are favourable, mothers may either increase investment in the eggs to improve the quality of the offspring or save resources for future reproduction as the good raising environment is likely to compensate for a 'bad start'. In cooperatively breeding birds, the presence of helpers improves breeding conditions so that mothers may vary the number, size and quality of the eggs in response to the composition of the group. Here, we show that in cooperatively breeding carrion crows Corvus corone corone, where nonbreeding males are more philopatric and more helpful at the nest than females, breeding females decreased egg size as the number of subordinate males in the group increased. However, despite the smaller investment in egg size, fledglings' weight increased in groups with more male subordinates, improving post-fledging survival and indicating that helpers fully compensated for the initial 'bad start'. These results highlight a 'hidden effect' of helpers that bears profound implications for understanding the ultimate function of helping.	[Canestrari, D.; Marcos, J. M.; Baglione, V.] Univ Valladolid, Dept Agroforestry, Palencia 34004, Spain; [Baglione, V.] UVA INIA, Sustainable Forest Management Res Inst, Palencia, Spain	Canestrari, D (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, Dept Agroforestry, Avda Madrid 44, Palencia 34004, Spain.	daniela.canestrari@uva.es	Canestrari, Daniela/F-9696-2016; Baglione, Vittorio/D-6456-2014	Canestrari, Daniela/0000-0001-9112-0208; Baglione, Vittorio/0000-0001-8464-7861	Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; ESF-EUROCORES TECT [CGL2008-01829BOS, SEJ2007-29836-E]	We are grateful to two anonymous referees for improving the manuscript and to Walt Koenig for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the 'Juan de la Cierva' program-FSE (to DC) and the projects CGL2008-01829BOS and SEJ2007-29836-E (COCOR 'Cooperation in Corvids' of the ESF-EUROCORES TECT program) to VB.	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Evol. Biol.	SEP	2011	24	9					1870	1878		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02313.x				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	807OX	WOS:000293910500003	21605220	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Cam, E; Aubry, L				Cam, Emmanuelle; Aubry, Lise			Early development, recruitment and life history trajectory in long-lived birds	JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Review						Life history evolution; Longitudinal studies; Long-term effects; Population dynamics	OYSTERCATCHERS HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; BROOD SIZE MANIPULATIONS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; YOLK TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; PRE-BREEDING SURVIVAL; TIT PARUS-MAJOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GREAT TITS	Lindstrom (in Trends Ecol Evol 14:343-347, 1999) synthesized knowledge about "early development and fitness in birds and mammals", interesting tracks and challenges for future studies. Today, there is unambiguous evidence that Lindstrom's first statement holds in long-lived birds: "It is obvious that adverse environmental conditions might have immediate effects [aEuro broken vertical bar]." However, whether there are "long-term fitness consequences of conditions experienced during early development" (Lindstrom's second statement) is unclear for long-lived birds. The extent to which the disadvantage of frail individuals at independence is expressed predominantly in terms of higher mortality and disappearance from the population before recruitment, or persists after recruitment, is still an open question. Due to the rarity of relevant data and the fact that most studies are retrospective, heterogeneity in methods and timescales hampers the identification of general patterns. Nevertheless, several studies have provided evidence of a relationship between early conditions and future reproductive parameters, or lifetime reproductive success. Evidence from large mammals suggests substantial long-term individual and population effects of early conditions, including trans-generational maternal effects. Evidence from short-lived birds also suggests long-term individual consequences, and maternal effects have been documented in long-lived ones. Despite logistical and financial difficulties inherent in long-term studies, they are the only way of addressing Lindstrom's second statement. Existing long-term longitudinal datasets should be re-analyzed using recently developed capture-mark-recapture models handling state uncertainty and unobservable heterogeneity in populations. Statistical methods designed to estimate lifetime reproductive success or incorporate pedigree information in standard situations of studies of wild vertebrates with imperfect detection offer new opportunities to assess long-term fitness consequences of early development in long-lived birds.	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J	Almbro, M; Dowling, DK; Simmons, LW				Almbro, Maria; Dowling, Damian K.; Simmons, Leigh W.			Effects of vitamin E and beta-carotene on sperm competitiveness	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						Antioxidants; fertility; infertility; male fertility; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; reproductive success; sexual selection; sperm; sperm competition	CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS-OCEANICUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; SEMEN QUALITY; TRADE-OFFS; ANTIOXIDANTS; AVAILABILITY; DNA	Sperm are particularly prone to oxidative damage because they generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), have a high polyunsaturated fat content and a reduced capacity to repair DNA damage. The dietary compounds vitamin E and beta-carotene are argued to have antioxidant properties that help to counter the damaging effects of excess ROS. Here in, we tested the post-copulatory consequences for male crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) of dietary intake of these two candidate antioxidants. During competitive fertilisation trials, vitamin E, but not beta-carotene, singularly enhanced sperm competitiveness. However, the diet combining a high vitamin E dose and beta-carotene produced males with the most competitive ejaculates, possibly due to the known ability of beta-carotene to recycle vitamin E. Our results provide support for the idea that these two common dietary compounds have interactive antioxidant properties in vivo, by affecting the outcomes of male reproductive success under competitive conditions.	[Almbro, Maria; Simmons, Leigh W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol M092, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; [Dowling, Damian K.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia	Almbro, M (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol M092, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.	maria.almbro@.uwa.edu.au	Dowling, Damian/C-9016-2009; Simmons, Leigh/B-1815-2011	Dowling, Damian/0000-0003-2209-3458; Simmons, Leigh/0000-0003-0562-1474	Australian Research Council; West Australian Centres of Excellence in Science and Innovation programme; University of Western Australia	This study was supported by funding from the Australian Research Council and the West Australian Centres of Excellence in Science and Innovation programme (to LWS), and a University of Western Australia Research Development Award (to DKD).	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Lett.	SEP	2011	14	9					891	895		10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01653.x				5	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	804BI	WOS:000293628300008	21749600				2019-02-21	
J	Brand, C; Miserendino, ML				Brand, Cecilia; Laura Miserendino, Maria			Life history strategies and production of caddisflies in a perennial headwater stream in Patagonia	HYDROBIOLOGIA			English	Article						Life cycles; Trichoptera; Biomass; Mountain rivers; Voltinism; Secondary production	SPRING-FED STREAM; FOREST STREAM; NEW-ZEALAND; LAND-USE; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; WATER-QUALITY; TRICHOPTERA; PLECOPTERA; GLOSSOSOMATIDAE	Synchrony, one of the main traits of population life histories, refers to the degree to which individuals complete a certain stage of the life cycle at the same time. It can be governed by temperature, variations in temperature, photoperiodic cues, detritus inputs, or discharge regimes. We investigated life cycles and secondary production of five caddisfly species in a second order stream in the Patagonian Mountains. In addition, we analyzed what environmental variables were implied in the caddisfly assemblage variation. Mastigoptila sp. (Glossosomatidae) and Eosericostoma aequispina (Helicophidae), Myotrichia murina (Sericostomatidae), Brachysetodes quadrifidus (Leptoceridae), and Neoatopsyche brevispina (Hydrobiosidae) showed univoltine life cycles, with an extended recruitment with no overlapping cohorts and a relatively well-synchronized imaginal emergence taking place during spring summer seasons. However, Myotrichia murina (Sericostomatidae) displayed a complex life cycle with mixed populations taking 10-12 months to develop, and pupae being collected almost continuously. The annual secondary production per species varied from 11.06 (E. aequispina) to 310.5 mg m(-2) year(-1) (M. murina), being overall caddisfly production (0.5 g m(-2) year(-1)) similar to that reported for cold springs in other regions. The highest growth rates (K) were observed during late winter and spring (mostly September) and ranged from 0.70 to 3.70% day(-1) in M. longicornuta and N. brevispina, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that seasonally dynamic variables, water temperature, discharge, and detritus biomass were the main predictors of caddisfly assemblage variation; consequently at this cold stream (mean annual 5.9 degrees C), with a regular availability of food supply, these parameters ruled Trichoptera life histories and secondary production. As documented for other mountainous temperate areas, synchrony would be a dominant trait on life histories of Trichoptera species inhabiting Patagonian streams.	[Brand, Cecilia; Laura Miserendino, Maria] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, LIESA, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina	Brand, C (reprint author), Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, LIESA, Sede Esquel Sarmiento 849, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.	cecibrand@hotmail.com			CONICET	We would like to thank Sebastian Ferrer, Diego Brand, Santiago Brand, Dr. Cecilia Y. Di Prinzio, and Lic. Luis Epele for fieldtrip and laboratory assistance. Technician Rodolfo Kusch manufactured and programmed the thermograph. Dr. Miguel Archangelsky and Prof. Cristina M. Zuppa revised and commented on the English style. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Nuria Bonada for the critical comments and suggestions that allow us to review several theoretical aspects that greatly improved this manuscript. This work was partially funded by CONICET. This is Scientific Contribution No. 65 from LIESA.	ALLAN J. D., 2007, STREAM ECOLOGY STRUC; Alvarez M, 2005, FRESHWATER BIOL, V50, P930, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01370.x; Angrisano Elisa B., 1998, Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, V57, P121; Becker G, 2005, LIMNOLOGICA, V35, P52, DOI 10.1016/j.limno.2005.01.003; Beltran A., 1997, THESIS U BUENOS AIRE; Benke A.C., 1984, P289; BENKE AC, 1993, PROC INT ASSOC THEOR, V25, P15; Benke Arthur C., 1996, P557; BRAND C, ZOOSYMPOSIA IN PRESS; Butler M.G., 1984, P24; Carabelli F, 2008, PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN FOREST LANDSCAPES: MULTIPLE USE AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, P89, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8504-8_6; Cereghino R, 1997, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V138, P307; Collier KJ, 2008, FRESHWATER BIOL, V53, P603, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01923.x; Dobrin M, 2003, CAN J ZOOL, V81, P1083, DOI 10.1139/Z03-091; ELLIOTT JM, 1995, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V318, P237; ELLIOTT JM, 1969, OIKOS, V20, P110, DOI 10.2307/3543750; Garcia AR, 2006, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V91, P71, DOI 10.1002/iroh.200510822; Gordon N. 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B., 1974, THESIS U CANTERBURY; Miserendino L, 2008, ANN LIMNOL, V44, P1; Miserendino ML, 2008, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V194, P91, DOI 10.1007/s11270-008-9701-4; Miserendino Maria Laura, 1999, Ecologia Austral, V9, P28; Miserendino ML, 2004, RIVER RES APPL, V20, P967, DOI 10.1002/rra.798; Miserendino ML, 2003, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V37, P525, DOI 10.1080/00288330.2003.9517187; Miyasaka H, 2008, LIMNOLOGY, V9, P75, DOI 10.1007/s10201-008-0238-4; MOREIRA GRP, 1994, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V13, P19, DOI 10.2307/1467262; Paruelo Jose M., 1998, Ecologia Austral, V8, P85; Pascual Miguel A., 1998, P410; PETERSEN RC, 1974, FRESHWATER BIOL, V4, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1974.tb00103.x; RICHARDSON J S, 1986, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, V5, P191, DOI 10.2307/1467706; Richardson JS, 2001, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V455, P87, DOI 10.1023/A:1011943532162; ROEDING CE, 1989, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V8, P149, DOI 10.2307/1467633; Sangpradub N, 1999, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V146, P471; Scarsbrook Mike R., 2000, P76; Sganga J.V., 2009, MACROINVERTEBRADOS B, DOI DOI 10.1603/008.103.0401; SMOCK LA, 1980, OIKOS, V35, P397, DOI 10.2307/3544656; Sweeney B.W., 1984, P56; SWEENEY BW, 1981, ECOLOGY, V62, P1353, DOI 10.2307/1937299; SWEENEY BW, 1986, FRESHWATER BIOL, V16, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00946.x; Ter Braak C. J. F, 1999, CANOCO WINDOWS VERSI; Ter Braak C. J. F., 1998, CANOCO REFERENCE MAN; TOWNS DR, 1981, AUST J MAR FRESH RES, V32, P191; Tsuruishi T, 2003, LIMNOLOGY, V4, P11, DOI 10.1007/s10201-003-0091-4; Valverde Alejandra del C., 1999, Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, V58, P11; VANNOTE RL, 1980, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V37, P130, DOI 10.1139/f80-017; VILLANUEVA VD, 2010, INT J LIMNOLOGY, V46, P1; VINCE G, 2010, SCIENCE, V239, P382; Ward J. V., 1992, AQUATIC INSECT ECOLO; Wiggins G. B., 2004, CADDISFLIES UNDERWAT; WINTERBOURN MJ, 1966, NEW ZEAL J SCI, V9, P312; WINTERBOURN MJ, 1978, NEW ZEAL J ZOOL, V5, P157, DOI 10.1080/03014223.1978.10423746; WINTERBOURN MJ, 1981, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V15, P321, DOI 10.1080/00288330.1981.9515927; WINTERBOURN MJ, 1971, CAN J ZOOLOG, V49, P623, DOI 10.1139/z71-100; Zwick P, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V35, P81, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1996.00482.x	72	6	6	1	19	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0018-8158			HYDROBIOLOGIA	Hydrobiologia	SEP	2011	673	1					137	151		10.1007/s10750-011-0768-3				15	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Marine & Freshwater Biology	797XC	WOS:000293162400011					2019-02-21	
J	Hamrova, E; Mergeay, J; Petrusek, A				Hamrova, Eva; Mergeay, Joachim; Petrusek, Adam			Strong differences in the clonal variation of two Daphnia species from mountain lakes affected by overwintering strategy	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article							FRESH-WATER ZOOPLANKTON; CYCLICAL PARTHENOGEN DAPHNIA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LONGISPINA COMPLEX; EUROPEAN DAPHNIA; DIVERSITY; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDS; ACIDIFICATION	Background: The population structure of cyclical parthenogens such as water fleas is strongly influenced by the frequency of alternations between sexual and asexual (parthenogenetic) reproduction, which may differ among populations and species. We studied genetic variation within six populations of two closely related species of water fleas of the genus Daphnia (Crustacea, Cladocera). D. galeata and D. longispina both occur in lakes in the Tatra Mountains (Central Europe), but their populations show distinct life history strategies in that region. In three studied lakes inhabited by D. galeata, daphnids overwinter under the ice as adult females. In contrast, in lakes inhabited by D. longispina, populations apparently disappear from the water column and overwinter as dormant eggs in lake sediments. We investigated to what extent these different strategies lead to differences in the clonal composition of late summer populations. Results: Analysis of genetic variation at nine microsatellite loci revealed that clonal richness (expressed as the proportion of different multilocus genotypes, MLGs, in the whole analysed sample) consistently differed between the two studied species. In the three D. longispina populations, very high clonal richness was found (MLG/N ranging from 0.97 to 1.00), whereas in D. galeata it was much lower (0.05 to 0.50). The dominant MLGs in all D. galeata populations were heterozygous at five or more loci, suggesting that such individuals all represented the same clonal lineages rather than insufficiently resolved groups of different clones. Conclusions: The low clonal diversities and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in D. galeata populations were likely a consequence of strong clonal erosion over extended periods of time (several years or even decades) and the limited influence of sexual reproduction. Our data reveal that populations of closely related Daphnia species living in relatively similar habitats (permanent, oligotrophic mountain lakes) within the same region may show strikingly different genetic structures, which most likely depend on their reproductive strategy during unfavourable periods. We assume that similar impacts of life history on population structures are also relevant for other cyclical parthenogen groups. In extreme cases, prolonged clonal erosion may result in the dominance of a single clone within a population, which might limit its microevolutionary potential if selection pressures suddenly change.	[Hamrova, Eva; Petrusek, Adam] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic; [Mergeay, Joachim] Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; [Mergeay, Joachim] Res Inst Nat & Forest, B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium	Petrusek, A (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol, Vinicna 7, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic.	petrusek@cesnet.cz	Petrusek, Adam/A-3510-2008; Mergeay, Joachim/E-7670-2011	Petrusek, Adam/0000-0001-5150-4370; Mergeay, Joachim/0000-0002-6504-0551	Czech Science Foundation [P506/10/P167]; Czech Ministry of Education [MSM0021620828]; Charles University; Research Foundation - Flanders	We thank Luc De Meester for continuous support, Joost Vanoverbeke for helpful discussions, and Karel Janko, Markus Pfenninger and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. The study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project no. P506/10/P167), the Czech Ministry of Education (MSM0021620828) and the Mobility Fund of the Charles University. Joachim Mergeay was supported by a postdoctoral grant of the Research Foundation - Flanders.	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Biol.	AUG 8	2011	11								231	10.1186/1471-2148-11-231				10	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	812JZ	WOS:000294290900001	21824417	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Bruna, EM; Izzo, TJ; Inouye, BD; Uriarte, M; Vasconcelos, HL				Bruna, Emilio M.; Izzo, Thiago J.; Inouye, Brian D.; Uriarte, Maria; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.			Asymmetric Dispersal and Colonization Success of Amazonian Plant-Ants Queens	PLOS ONE			English	Article							LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; SPECIES COEXISTENCE; SEED DISPERSAL; HOST PLANTS; MUTUALISM; PATTERNS; RECRUITMENT; COMPETITION; LIMITATION; COMMUNITY	Background: The dispersal ability of queens is central to understanding ant life-history evolution, and plays a fundamental role in ant population and community dynamics, the maintenance of genetic diversity, and the spread of invasive ants. In tropical ecosystems, species from over 40 genera of ants establish colonies in the stems, hollow thorns, or leaf pouches of specialized plants. However, little is known about the relative dispersal ability of queens competing for access to the same host plants. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used empirical data and inverse modeling-a technique developed by plant ecologists to model seed dispersal-to quantify and compare the dispersal kernels of queens from three Amazonian ant species that compete for access to host-plants. We found that the modal colonization distance of queens varied 8-fold, with the generalist ant species (Crematogaster laevis) having a greater modal distance than two specialists (Pheidole minutula, Azteca sp.) that use the same host-plants. However, our results also suggest that queens of Azteca sp. have maximal distances that are four-sixteen times greater than those of its competitors. Conclusions/Significance: We found large differences between ant species in both the modal and maximal distance ant queens disperse to find vacant seedlings used to found new colonies. These differences could result from interspecific differences in queen body size, and hence wing musculature, or because queens differ in their ability to identify potential host plants while in flight. Our results provide support for one of the necessary conditions underlying several of the hypothesized mechanisms promoting coexistence in tropical plant-ants. They also suggest that for some ant species limited dispersal capability could pose a significant barrier to the rescue of populations in isolated forest fragments. Finally, we demonstrate that inverse models parameterized with field data are an excellent means of quantifying the dispersal of ant queens.	[Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA; [Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Gainesville, FL USA; [Izzo, Thiago J.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Bot & Ecol, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil; [Inouye, Brian D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Uriarte, Maria] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA; [Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil; [Bruna, Emilio M.; Izzo, Thiago J.; Inouye, Brian D.; Uriarte, Maria; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; [Bruna, Emilio M.; Izzo, Thiago J.; Inouye, Brian D.; Uriarte, Maria; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil	Bruna, EM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.	embruna@ufl.edu	Vasconcelos, Heraldo/C-3353-2013; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Bruna, Emilio/H-2769-2012; Izzo, Thiago/K-7405-2012; Uriarte, Maria/L-8944-2013	Vasconcelos, Heraldo/0000-0001-6969-7131; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Bruna, Emilio/0000-0003-3381-8477; Izzo, Thiago/0000-0002-4613-3787; 	US National Science Foundation [DEB-0453631, DEB-0452720]; University of Florida	This research was supported by Grants DEB-0453631 and DEB-0452720 from the US National Science Foundation (http://nsf.gov). Publication of this article was funded in part by the University of Florida Open-Access Publishing Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Purin, S; Morton, JB				Purin, Sonia; Morton, Joseph B.			In situ analysis of anastomosis in representative genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	MYCORRHIZA			English	Article						Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Glomeromycota; Anastomosis; Hyphal fusion; Vegetative compatibility	PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; VEGETATIVE INCOMPATIBILITY; HYPHAL FUSION; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; HETEROKARYON INCOMPATIBILITY; PHANEROCHAETE-VELUTINA; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; GENETIC EXCHANGE; SELF FUSIONS	Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form obligate symbiotic associations with plants. As a result, the role of hyphal interactions in the establishment and maintenance of common mycorrhizal networks is poorly understood because of constraints on methods for in situ analysis. We designed a rhizohyphatron that allows the examination of intact mycelia growing from whole mycorrhizal plants. Plants preinoculated with spores were cultivated in a compartment with a connecting tube from which hyphae extend through a fine nylon mesh onto agar-coated slides. Species selected from each of the five AMF genera were used to assess and characterize the anastomosis behavior in the rhizohyphatron. Hyphal networks of Paraglomus occultum, Ambispora leptoticha, Scutellospora heterogama, and Gigaspora gigantea growing on the agar-coated slides showed no evidence of hyphal fusion. In contrast, anastomosis occurred in the hyphal networks of Glomus clarum and Glomus intraradices at an average frequency of less than 15% for both species. The rhizohyphatron developed in this study will provide knowledge of the biology and genetics of self/non-self recognition in AMF and help to better understand Glomeromycotan life history strategies.	[Purin, Sonia; Morton, Joseph B.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA	Purin, S (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, 1090 Agr Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.	spurinwvu@gmail.com			Fulbright/CAPES; NSF [DEB-0649341]	The authors wish to thank Bill Wheeler and Robert Bills for the help in building and maintaining the rhizohyphatrons. We would like to thank Dr. J. Yao for the use of the inverted microscope in his laboratory. We are especially indebted to Dr. Teresa Pawlowska for insightful guidance and mentorship. Funding was provided by a Fulbright/CAPES Ph.D. scholarship to Sonia Purin and NSF grant DEB-0649341 to Joseph Morton.	AINSWORTH AM, 1986, J GEN MICROBIOL, V132, P191; AINSWORTH AM, 1989, J GEN MICROBIOL, V135, P1643; Andrews J. 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J	Miller, DA; Clark, WR; Arnold, SJ; Bronikowski, AM				Miller, David A.; Clark, William R.; Arnold, Stevan J.; Bronikowski, Anne M.			Stochastic population dynamics in populations of western terrestrial garter snakes with divergent life histories	ECOLOGY			English	Article						deterministic demography; Eagle Lake, California (USA); garter snake; life history; stochastic demography; Thamnophis elegans	TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; GROWTH-RATE; DELAYED REPRODUCTION; POECILIA-RETICULATA; NATURAL-SELECTION; VITAL-RATES; EVOLUTION	Comparative evaluations of population dynamics in species with temporal and spatial variation in life-history traits are rare because they require long-term demographic time series from multiple populations. We present such an analysis using demographic data collected during the interval 1978-1996 for six populations of western terrestrial garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) from two evolutionarily divergent ecotypes. Three replicate populations from a slow-living ecotype, found in mountain meadows of northeastern California, were characterized by individuals that develop slowly, mature late, reproduce infrequently with small reproductive effort, and live longer than individuals of three populations of a fast-living ecotype found at lakeshore locales. We constructed matrix population models for each of the populations based on 8-13 years of data per population and analyzed both deterministic dynamics based on mean annual vital rates and stochastic dynamics incorporating annual variation in vital rates. (1) Contributions of highly variable vital rates to fitness (lambda(s)) were buffered against the negative effects of stochastic variation, and this relationship was consistent with differences between the meadow (M-slow) and lakeshore (L-fast) ecotypes. (2) Annual variation in the proportion of gravid females had the greatest negative effect among all vital rates on lambda(s). The magnitude of variation in the proportion of gravid females and its effect on lambda(s) was greater in M-slow than L-fast populations. (3) Variation in the proportion of gravid females, in turn, depended on annual variation in prey availability, and its effect on lambda(s) was 4-23 times greater in M-slow than L-fast populations. In addition to differences in stochastic dynamics between ecotypes, we also found higher mean mortality rates across all age classes in the L-fast populations. Our results suggest that both deterministic and stochastic selective forces have affected the evolution of divergent life-history traits in the two ecotypes, which, in turn, affect population dynamics. M-slow populations have evolved life-history traits that buffer fitness against direct effects of variation in reproduction and that spread lifetime reproduction across a greater number of reproductive bouts. These results highlight the importance of long-term demographic and environmental monitoring and of incorporating temporal dynamics into empirical studies of life-history evolution.	[Miller, David A.; Clark, William R.; Bronikowski, Anne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA; [Arnold, Stevan J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA	Bronikowski, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.	abroniko@iastate.edu	Miller, David/E-4492-2012	Miller, David/0000-0002-3011-3677	National Science Foundation [DEB7812560, BSR8111489, BSR8918581, BSR9119588, DEB9520694, IOS0922528, DEB0323379]; National Institutes of Health [GM35492]	We thank the many individuals who have helped to collect data over the past 30 years, especially L. Houck, F. Janzen, G. Kephart, and C. R. Peterson. Dave Otis provided statistical advice on the common correlation statistics for elasticity and CV correlations. Animals were studied with the permission of the State of California Department of Fish and Game and approved by our Institutional Animal Care Committees. This research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation to S. J. Arnold (DEB7812560, BSR8111489, BSR8918581, BSR9119588); to A. M. Bronikowski (DEB9520694, IOS0922528); to S. J. Arnold and A. M. Bronikowski (DEB0323379); and from the National Institutes of Health to S. J. Arnold (GM35492).	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C., 2008, ENV ECOLOGICAL STAT, V3, P1119; White GC, 2000, METH C CONS, P288	61	31	31	0	53	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0012-9658	1939-9170		ECOLOGY	Ecology	AUG	2011	92	8					1658	1671						14	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	801RW	WOS:000293459100012	21905432				2019-02-21	
J	Devine, JA; Heino, M				Devine, Jennifer A.; Heino, Mikko			Investigating the drivers of maturation dynamics in Barents Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)	FISHERIES RESEARCH			English	Article						Barents Sea; Haddock; Life history; Maturation; Melanogrammus aeglefinus; Probabilistic maturation reaction norms	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PROBABILISTIC REACTION NORMS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; CONTEMPORARY MICROEVOLUTION; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; SIZE; GROWTH	Changes in size and age at maturation of many exploited fish stocks have been investigated and the influences of environmental factors and exploitation have often been inferred, but not explicitly investigated. Here we determine probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) for Barents Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) using generalized linear models (GLMs) and mixed effect models (GLMMs), which account for the correlation among samples within a tow station, and investigate the effects of fishing mortality, environmental factors (NAO, water temperature, and salinity), and potential density dependence or species interaction effects. We found little evidence of a consistent trend in maturation tendencies for Barents Sea haddock for cohorts 1983-2003, ages 4-6 years. Female haddock matured at larger lengths for a given age than males, but overall patterns were similar for both sexes. The GLMM approach gave consistently higher PMRN midpoint estimates than the GLM approach, which indicated that PMRNs that do not account for correlations within the data may bias estimates. Environmental factors, rather than exploitation, density dependence, or species interactions, were responsible for the observed changes in size and age at maturation in Barents Sea haddock during the late 1980s through early 2000s. Little evidence of fisheries-induced evolution was found in these fish over the time period investigated. The lack of a significant temporal trend in maturation may be due to several challenges in estimating representative population parameters for this stock, the trait change being in a period of stasis or reversal, or adaptation by the fish to higher exploitation in the past resulting in negligible evolutionary selection during the study period when exploitation has been more moderate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Devine, Jennifer A.; Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Devine, Jennifer A.; Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria	Devine, JA (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, POB 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.	ja.devine@ymail.com; mikko.heino@imr.no	Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009	Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940	Specific Targeted Research Programme FinE (Fisheries-induced Evolution) [SSP-2006-044276]; European Community; Norwegian Research Council [173417/S40]; Bergen Research Foundation	We thank the two anonymous referees, whose constructive comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. 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J	Miura, O; Frankel, V; Torchin, ME				Miura, Osamu; Frankel, Victor; Torchin, Mark E.			DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGIES IN GEMINATE MUD SNAILS, CERITHIDEOPSIS CALIFORNICA AND C. PLICULOSA, ACROSS THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA	JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES			English	Article							EGG SIZE; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; TRAITS; STAGE; TIME	Larval developmental strategy is a key life-history trait governing many aspects of the ecology and evolution of marine invertebrates. We compared developmental strategies of two geminate, or sister, species of mud snails (Potamididae) on either side of the Isthmus of Panama, Cerithideopsis californica on the Pacific and C. pliculosa on the Atlantic coast. We found that these snails, separated by the rise of the Isthmus about 3 Ma, had different reproductive strategies. Larvae of C. californica hatched as small swimming veligers, whereas larvae of C. pliculosa hatched as large swimming-crawling veligers. Additionally, the larval duration of C. pliculosa was about 1 week shorter than that of C. californica under controlled laboratory conditions. This pattern of larval development is consistent with models of life-history evolution in which larger propagules are selected in low-productivity environments (in this case, the Atlantic) and smaller ones are favoured in highly productive environments (the Pacific).	[Miura, Osamu] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Studies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan; [Miura, Osamu; Frankel, Victor; Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama	Miura, O (reprint author), Kochi Univ, Div Marine Biotechnol, Oceanog Sect, Ctr Sci Res, Kochi 7838502, Japan.	miurao@kochi-u.ac.jp			STRI; Smithsonian Marine Science Network; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	We thank C. Schloder, Y. Kam, J. Javier and staff of the Punta Galeta Marine Station (Smithsonian Institution) for their field and laboratory assistance. We thank K. McDonald and two anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments on the manuscript. Support was provided by STRI and a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship (to O.M.) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows to O.M.).	Coates Anthony G., 1996, P21; DCROZ L, 1991, REV BIOL TROP, V39, P233; Fortunato H, 2004, INVERTEBR REPROD DEV, V46, P139, DOI 10.1080/07924259.2004.9652617; HART MW, 1995, AM NAT, V146, P415, DOI 10.1086/285807; HAVENHAND JN, 1993, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V97, P247, DOI 10.3354/meps097247; Jackson J. B. C., 2000, P 11 INT BRYOZ ASS C, P249; JOHANNESSON K, 1988, MAR BIOL, V99, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF00392558; Lessios HA, 2008, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V39, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095815; LESSIOS HA, 1990, AM NAT, V135, P1, DOI 10.1086/285028; Levitan DR, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P175, DOI 10.1086/303376; MACDONALD KB, 1967, THESIS U CALIFORNIA; Miura O, 2010, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V56, P40, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.012; Moran AL, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2718; Reid DG, 2008, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V47, P680, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.003; STRATHMANN RR, 1985, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V16, P339, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.002011; VANCE RR, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P339, DOI 10.1086/282838; Wehrtmann IS, 2002, MAR BIOL, V140, P605, DOI 10.1007/s00227-001-0733-1; Wellington GM, 2001, MAR BIOL, V138, P11, DOI 10.1007/s002270000449	18	9	9	0	11	OXFORD UNIV PRESS	OXFORD	GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND	0260-1230			J MOLLUS STUD	J. Molluscan Stud.	AUG	2011	77		3				255	258		10.1093/mollus/eyr012				4	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology	799SB	WOS:000293305300007		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Lebl, K; Bieber, C; Adamik, P; Fietz, J; Morris, P; Pilastro, A; Ruf, T				Lebl, Karin; Bieber, Claudia; Adamik, Peter; Fietz, Joanna; Morris, Pat; Pilastro, Andrea; Ruf, Thomas			Survival rates in a small hibernator, the edible dormouse: a comparison across Europe	ECOGRAPHY			English	Article							SQUIRRELS SPERMOPHILUS-COLUMBIANUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GLIS-GLIS; FAT DORMOUSE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL SURVIVAL; VOLE POPULATION; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; MARKED ANIMALS; CLIMATE-DRIVEN	Understanding how local environmental factors lead to temporal variability of vital rates and to plasticity of life history tactics is one of the central questions in population ecology. We used long-term capture-recapture data from five populations of a small hibernating rodent, the edible dormouse Glis glis, collected over a large geographical range across Europe, to determine and analyze both seasonal patterns of local survival and their relation to reproductive activity. In all populations studied, survival was lowest in early summer, higher in late summer and highest during hibernation in winter. In reproductive years survival was always lower than in non-reproductive years, and females had higher survival rates than males. Very high survival rates during winter indicate that edible dormice rarely die from starvation due to insufficient energy reserves during the hibernation period. Increased mortality in early summer was most likely caused by high predation risk and unmet energy demands. Those effects have probably an even stronger impact in reproductive years, in which dormice were more active. Although these patterns could be found in all areas, there were also considerable differences in average survival rates, with resulting differences in mean lifetime reproductive success between populations. Our results suggest that edible dormice have adapted their life history strategies to maximize lifetime reproductive success depending on the area specific frequency of seeding events of trees producing energy-rich seeds.	[Lebl, Karin; Bieber, Claudia; Ruf, Thomas] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, AT-1160 Vienna, Austria; [Adamik, Peter] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; [Fietz, Joanna] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, DE-89069 Ulm, Germany; [Morris, Pat] Royal Holloway Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England; [Pilastro, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, IT-35121 Padua, Italy	Lebl, K (reprint author), Univ Vet Med Vienna, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, Savoyenstr 1, AT-1160 Vienna, Austria.	Karin.Lebl@vetmeduni.ac.at	Adamik, Peter/I-2057-2013; Lebl, Karin/B-8519-2014	Adamik, Peter/0000-0003-1566-1234; Lebl, Karin/0000-0001-8818-2483; Bieber, Claudia/0000-0001-8919-3117; Pilastro, Andrea/0000-0001-9803-6308; Ruf, Thomas/0000-0002-9235-7079	city of Vienna; province of Lower Austria; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20534-B17]; Czech Science Foundation; Czech Ministry of Education; German Research Foundation (DFG) [FI 831/3-2]; German Wildlife Foundation	We thank R. Berlato, P. Gava, A. Gazarkova, T. Gomiero, T. Kager, M. Kral, K. Kurbisch, A. Menegatti, E. Missiaglia, A. Pagliani, F. Rossi, B. Rotter, W. Schlund, Z. Skracek and M. Vanakova for their assistance with the field work and A. Duscher for creating the map (Fig. 1). We are grateful to the respective land owners (Austrian Forestral Agency, Royal Forestry Society [England], Azienda Regionale Foreste Demaniali del Veneto and Corpo Forestale dello Stato [Italy]) for their permissions to use the areas for our dormouse research, and the meteorological institutes for their supply with climatic data. This project was supported by the city of Vienna, the province of Lower Austria and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project P20534-B17). Further support was given by Czech Science Foundation and the Czech Ministry of Education. JF was financially supported by the Margarete von Wrangell Programme, the German Research Foundation (DFG, FI 831/3-2), and the German Wildlife Foundation. We declare that this study complies with the current laws of Austria, Czechia, England, Germany and Italy.	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J	Benesh, DP; Chubb, JC; Parker, GA				Benesh, Daniel P.; Chubb, James C.; Parker, Geoff A.			EXPLOITATION OF THE SAME TROPHIC LINK FAVORS CONVERGENCE OF LARVAL LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES IN COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE HELMINTHS	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Brownian motion; convergence; GALM; Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model; parallelism; trophic transmission	GAMMARUS-LACUSTRIS AMPHIPODA; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; PHYLOGENETIC INERTIA; TIME CONSTRAINTS; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; STABILIZING SELECTION; PARASITE MANIPULATION; CORRELATED EVOLUTION; NICHE CONSERVATISM	Switching from one host to the next is a critical life-history transition in parasites with complex life cycles. Growth and mortality rates are thought to influence the optimal time and size at transmission, but these rates are difficult to measure in parasites. The parasite life cycle, in particular the trophic link along which transmission occurs, may be a reasonable proxy for these rates, leading to the hypothesis that life cycle should shape life-history strategy. We compiled data on the size and age at infectivity for trophically transmitted helminths (i.e., acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes), and then categorized species into trophic links (e.g., planktonic crustaceans to fish, insects to terrestrial vertebrates, etc.). Comparative analyses that explicitly included stabilizing selection within trophic links fit the data significantly better than random walk models, indicating that parasites with different life cycles have different optimal times/sizes for host switching. The major helminth groups have often independently evolved similar life cycles, and we show that this has frequently led to convergent and/or parallel evolution of size and age at infectivity. This suggests that for particular life cycles there are universal optimal transmission strategies, applicable to widely divergent taxa, although the cases of parallelism might indicate that lineage-specific constraints sometimes prevent evolution to a single adaptive peak.	[Benesh, Daniel P.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Biol, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, D-24306 Plon, Germany; [Chubb, James C.; Parker, Geoff A.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England	Benesh, DP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Biol, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, August Thienemann Str 2, D-24306 Plon, Germany.	benesh@evolbio.mpg.de	Parker, Geoffrey/A-2219-2008; Parker, Geoff/C-4337-2008	Parker, Geoff/0000-0003-4795-6352			Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Ackerly DD, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1480, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00694.x; Amundsen PA, 2009, J ANIM ECOL, V78, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01518.x; Anderson R. 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J	Rosenheim, JA				Rosenheim, Jay A.			STOCHASTICITY IN REPRODUCTIVE OPPORTUNITY AND THE EVOLUTION OF EGG LIMITATION IN INSECTS	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Bet hedging; Liebig's Law; life-history evolution; limiting factors; oviposition behavior; time limitation	RANDOMLY VARYING ENVIRONMENT; LIMITED ENCOUNTER RATES; OVIPOSITION DECISIONS; POLLEN LIMITATION; TIME ALLOCATION; LIFE EXPECTANCY; CLUTCH SIZE; TRADE-OFF; HOST USE; PARASITOIDS	Is reproduction by adult female insects limited by the finite time available to locate hosts (time limitation) or by the finite supply of eggs (egg limitation)? An influential model predicted that stochasticity in reproductive opportunity favors elevated fecundity, rendering egg limitation sufficiently rare that its importance would be greatly diminished. Here, I use models to explore how stochasticity shapes fecundity, the likelihood of egg limitation, and the ecological importance of egg limitation. The models make three predictions. First, whereas spatially stochastic environments favor increased fecundity, temporally stochastic environments favor increases, decreases, or intermediate maxima in fecundity, depending on egg costs. Second, even when spatially or temporally stochastic environments favor life histories with less-frequent egg limitation, stochasticity still increases the proportion of all eggs laid in the population that is laid by females destined to become egg limited. This counterintuitive result is explained by noting that stochasticity concentrates reproduction in the hands of a few females that are likely to become egg limited. Third, spatially or temporally stochastic environments amplify the constraints imposed by time and eggs on total reproduction by the population. I conclude that both egg and time constraints are fundamental in shaping insect reproductive behavior and population dynamics in stochastic environments.	[Rosenheim, Jay A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Rosenheim, Jay A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Rosenheim, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	jarosenheim@ucdavis.edu			Lady Davis Visiting Professorship; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; USDA [NRICGP 2001-35316-11013]; NSF [DMS-1022639]	I gratefully acknowledge S. Schreiber for contributing the formal justification for the use of the geometric mean for the case of temporal heterogeneity (eqs. 6-9). For helpful discussions I thank S. Kaplan, N. Kashtan, S. Schreiber, G. Shinar, and M. Turelli. I also thank J. Casas, A. Forbes, G. Heimpel, M. Segoli, M. Segoli, F. Sivakoff, and an anonymous reviewer for their very constructive suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript. I wish to extend a special thanks to J. Ellers, whose suggestions improved substantially both the content and tone of the article. I thank U. Alon, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute for Science, and M. Coll, Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, for graciously hosting me during my sabbatical year. I also gratefully acknowledge support from a Lady Davis Visiting Professorship, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and grants from the USDA (NRICGP 2001-35316-11013) and NSF (DMS-1022639).	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R., 1924, Annales de la Faculte des Sciences de Marseille, V2, P69; Van Baalen M, 2000, PARASITOID POPULATION BIOLOGY, P103; van Baalen Minus, 2008, P31, DOI 10.1002/9780470696200.ch2; VISSER ME, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P93, DOI 10.2307/5512; Wajnberg E, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V60, P589, DOI 10.1007/s00265-006-0198-9; West SA, 2000, ECOL LETT, V3, P294, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00153.x; West SA, 2002, J THEOR BIOL, V214, P499, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2475	72	24	25	0	21	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0014-3820			EVOLUTION	Evolution	AUG	2011	65	8					2300	2312		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01305.x				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	798DL	WOS:000293182700013	21790576	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Uller, T; While, GM; Cadby, CD; Harts, A; O'Connor, K; Pen, I; Wapstra, E				Uller, Tobias; While, Geoffrey M.; Cadby, Chloe D.; Harts, Anna; O'Connor, Katherine; Pen, Ido; Wapstra, Erik			ALTITUDINAL DIVERGENCE IN MATERNAL THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOUR MAY BE DRIVEN BY DIFFERENCES IN SELECTION ON OFFSPRING SURVIVAL IN A VIVIPAROUS LIZARD	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Life-history evolution; maternal effect; phenotypic plasticity; selection-natural	DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; NEST-SITE CHOICE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NIVEOSCINCUS-OCELLATUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; BODY-SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NONLINEAR SELECTION; REPTILES; TEMPERATURE	Plastic responses to temperature during embryonic development are common in ectotherms, but their evolutionary relevance is poorly understood. Using a combination of field and laboratory approaches, we demonstrate altitudinal divergence in the strength of effects of maternal thermal opportunity on offspring birth date and body mass in a live-bearing lizard (Niveoscincus ocellatus). Poor thermal opportunity decreased birth weight at low altitudes where selection on body mass was negligible. In contrast, there was no effect of maternal thermal opportunity on body mass at high altitudes where natural selection favored heavy offspring. The weaker effect of poor maternal thermal opportunity on offspring development at high altitude was accompanied by a more active thermoregulation and higher body temperature in highland females. This may suggest that passive effects of temperature on embryonic development have resulted in evolution of adaptive behavioral compensation for poor thermal opportunity at high altitudes, but that direct effects of maternal thermal environment are maintained at low altitudes because they are not selected against. More generally, we suggest that phenotypic effects of maternal thermal opportunity or incubation temperature in reptiles will most commonly reflect weak selection for canalization or selection on maternal strategies rather than adaptive plasticity to match postnatal environments.	[Uller, Tobias; While, Geoffrey M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [While, Geoffrey M.; Cadby, Chloe D.; Harts, Anna; O'Connor, Katherine; Wapstra, Erik] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; [Harts, Anna; Pen, Ido] Univ Groningen, Theoret Biol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands	Uller, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.	tobias.uller@zoo.ox.ac.uk	While, Geoffrey/O-6306-2017; Wapstra, Erik/J-7482-2014	While, Geoffrey/0000-0001-8122-9322; Wapstra, Erik/0000-0002-2050-8026	Wenner-Gren Foundations; Australian Research Council; Hermon Slade Foundation; WV Scott Bequest Fund; Australian Greenhouse Office	We are very grateful to Associate Editor E. Svensson and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous drafts. This work was supported by the Wenner-Gren Foundations (TU), the Australian Research Council (TU, IP, EW), the Hermon Slade Foundation (TU, IP, EW, CC), the WV Scott Bequest Fund (CC, GW, EW), and the Australian Greenhouse Office (KO, EW).	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J	Cornelius, JM; Perfito, N; Zann, R; Breuner, CW; Hahn, TP				Cornelius, Jamie M.; Perfito, Nicole; Zann, Richard; Breuner, Creagh W.; Hahn, Thomas P.			Physiological trade-offs in self-maintenance: plumage molt and stress physiology in birds	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						corticosterone; corticosteroid-binding globulin; environmental predictability; opportunism; protein; red crossbill; zebra finch	STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; SEED-EATING BIRDS; POSTNUPTIAL MOLT; SEASONAL-CHANGES; FEATHER GROWTH; ZEBRA FINCHES; CORTICOSTERONE TREATMENT	Trade-offs between self-maintenance processes can affect life-history evolution. Integument replacement and the stress response both promote self-maintenance and affect survival in vertebrates. Relationships between the two processes have been studied most extensively in birds, where hormonal stress suppression is down regulated during molt in seasonal species, suggesting a resource-based trade-off between the two processes. The only species found to differ are the rock dove and Eurasian tree sparrow, at least one of which performs a very slow molt that may reduce resource demands during feather growth, permitting investment in the stress response. To test for the presence of a molt-stress response trade-off, we measured hormonal stress responsiveness during and outside molt in two additional species with extended molts, red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We found that both species maintain hormonal stress responsiveness during molt. Further, a comparative analysis of all available species revealed a strong relationship between molt duration and degree of hormonal suppression. Though our results support trade-off hypotheses, these data can also be explained by alternative hypotheses that have not been formally addressed in the literature. We found a strong relationship between stress suppression and seasonality of breeding and evidence suggesting that the degree of suppression may be either locally adaptable or plastic and responsive to local environmental conditions. We hypothesize that environmental unpredictability favors extended molt duration, which in turn allows for maintenance of the hormonal stress response, and discuss implications of a possible trade-off for the evolution of molt schedules.	[Cornelius, Jamie M.; Hahn, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Davis, Anim Behav Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Cornelius, Jamie M.; Hahn, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Perfito, Nicole] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Zann, Richard] La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia; [Breuner, Creagh W.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA	Cornelius, JM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Schlossalle 1, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany.	cornelius@ucdavis.edu			NSF [IBN-0235911, IOS-0744705]; PEO scholar award; UC	This publication is dedicated to Richard Zann, who died in the tragic bush fires in Australia in February 2009. We would like to thank Taylor Chapple and B. Man for assistance in the field and Del Norte State Park, Grand Teton National Park, The Murie Center and the Columbia River Land Trust for access to red crossbill field sites. We would like to thank Michaela Hau for intellectual and financial support for fieldwork in Australia, Anita Smyth, Mitchell Jones and Cameron Wallace at the Centre for Arid Zone Research, and Jim Adelman and Katherine Beebe for assistance in the field. Barbara Clucas was of great assistance in performing phylogenetic analyses and Keith Sockman advised on statistical analyses, though he finds Bonferroni corrections to be un-useful. Dongming Li and Gang Wang were helpful in discussing Eurasian tree sparrow data. Barbara Helm and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for red crossbill research was provided by NSF grants IBN-0235911 and IOS-0744705 to T. P. H. J.M.C. was partially supported by a PEO scholar award, an Achievement Reward for College Scientists and UC-Davis graduate fellowships.	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Exp. Biol.	AUG	2011	214	16					2768	2777		10.1242/jeb.057174				10	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	797YW	WOS:000293167300021	21795575	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Damuth, J; Janis, CM				Damuth, John; Janis, Christine M.			On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Article						hypsodonty; ungulates; grazing; palaeoecology; dental wear; soil consumption; Cenozoic; palaeoenvironments; grasslands; diet prediction	AMERICAN GRASSLAND BIOME; WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOIL-INGESTION; TOOTH WEAR; DENTAL MICROWEAR; PLANT-SURFACES; MINERAL LICKS; NEW-WORLD; RED DEER; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY	High-crowned (hypsodont) teeth are widely found among both extant and extinct mammalian herbivores. Extant grazing ungulates (hoofed mammals) have hypsodont teeth (a derived condition), and so extinct hypsodont forms have usually been presumed to have been grazers. Thus, hypsodonty among ungulates has, over the past 150 years, formed the basis of widespread palaeoecological interpretations, and has figured prominently in the evolutionary study of the spread of grasslands in the mid Cenozoic. However, perceived inconsistencies between levels of hypsodonty and dental wear patterns in both extant and extinct ungulates have caused some workers to reject hypsodonty as a useful predictive tool in palaeobiology, a view that we consider both misguided and premature. Despite the acknowledged association between grazing and hypsodonty, the quantitative relationship of hypsodonty to the known ecology of living ungulate species, critical in making interpretations of the fossil record, was little studied until the past two decades. Also, much of the literature on ungulate ecology relevant to understanding hypsodonty has yet to be fully incorporated into the perspectives of palaeontologists. Here we review the history and current state of our knowledge of the relationship between hypsodonty and ungulate ecology, and reassert the value of hypsodonty for our understanding of ungulate feeding behaviour. We also show how soil consumption, rather than the consumption of grass plants per se, may be the missing piece of the puzzle in understanding the observed correlation between diets, habitats, and hypsodonty in ungulates. Additionally, we show how hypsodonty may impact life-history strategies, and resolve some controversies regarding the relevance of hypsodonty to the prediction of the diets of extinct species. This in turn strengthens the utility of hypsodonty in the determination of past environmental conditions, and we provide a revised view of a traditional example of evolutionary trends in palaeobiology, that of the evolution of hypsodonty in horses and its correlation with the Miocene spread of grasslands in North America.	[Damuth, John] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Janis, Christine M.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA	Damuth, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	damuth@lifesci.ucsb.edu		Damuth, John/0000-0002-1635-9726	NSF [EAR-0958250, EAR-0958597]; Bushnell Foundation (Brown University)	We thank Marcus Clauss for comments on an earlier version of this review, and Mikael Fortelius for subsequent useful discussion. We also thank Russ Secord (University of Nebraska State Museum), Farish Jenkins (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) and Jin Meng (American Museum of Natural History) for access to fossil horse specimens. J. D. acknowledges support from NSF EAR-0958250. C. M. J. acknowledges support from NSF EAR-0958597 and the Bushnell Foundation (Brown University).	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Rev.	AUG	2011	86	3					733	758		10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00176.x				26	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	793TG	WOS:000292845500010	21418504				2019-02-21	
J	Valkiunas, G				Valkiunas, Gediminas			Haemosporidian vector research: marriage of molecular and microscopical approaches is essential	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Editorial Material						biomedicine; birds; disease biology; ecological genetics; insects; life history evolution	MORPHOLOGY; PARASITES	Many species of malaria and related haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida) are responsible for diseases in wild and domestic animals. These pathogens are exclusively transmitted by blood-sucking dipteran insects (Diptera). Traditional vector studies, which are based mainly on experimental infection and subsequent dissection of insects, are time-consuming, so progress in the identification of the vectors has been slow. Since the discovery of haemosporidians in wildlife by V. Danilewsky in 1884, it took over 70 years to determine the main vector groups of these parasites. However, precise vector-parasite relationships remain insufficiently investigated in wildlife, particularly at the species level of haemosporidians and their vectors. Molecular tools have provided innovative opportunities to speed such research. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Martinez-de la Puente et al. (2011) collected, for the first time, a significant PCR-based set of data on the presence of lineages of the pigment-forming haemosporidians (species of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) in biting midges (Culicoides). They identified numerous associations between Culicoides spp. and Haemoproteus spp., indicating directions for future targeting vector studies of haemoproteids.	Nat Res Ctr, LT-08412 Vilnius 21, Lithuania	Valkiunas, G (reprint author), Nat Res Ctr, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius 21, Lithuania.	gedvalk@ekoi.lt					ATKINSON CT, 1988, J PARASITOL, V74, P228, DOI 10.2307/3282448; Bensch S, 2009, MOL ECOL RESOUR, V9, P1353, DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02692.x; EARLE RA, 1993, AVIAN PATHOL, V22, P67, DOI 10.1080/03079459308418901; Ferrell ST, 2007, J ZOO WILDLIFE MED, V38, P309, DOI 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0309:FHIIMA]2.0.CO;2; Garnham P. C. C, 1966, MALARIA PARASITES OT; Kim KS, 2009, PARASITOL RES, V105, P1351, DOI 10.1007/s00436-009-1568-9; Krizanauskiene A, 2010, PARASITOLOGY, V137, P217, DOI 10.1017/S0031182009991235; Martinez-de la Puente J, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P3275, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05136.x; Olias P, 2011, EMERG INFECT DIS, V17, P950, DOI 10.3201/eid1705.101618; Perkins SL, 2009, J PARASITOL, V95, P424, DOI 10.1645/GE-1750.1; Valkiunas G, 2005, AVIAN MALARIA PARASI; WALKER D, 1972, VET REC, V91, P70, DOI 10.1136/vr.91.3.70	12	36	37	1	11	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0962-1083			MOL ECOL	Mol. Ecol.	AUG	2011	20	15					3084	3086		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05187.x				3	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	795GU	WOS:000292963100002	21901870	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Johnson, DW; Hixon, MA				Johnson, D. W.; Hixon, M. A.			Sexual and lifetime selection on body size in a marine fish: the importance of life-history trade-offs	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						adaptation; balancing selection; coral reef fish; fitness; invisible fraction; mating success; optimal body size	CARIBBEAN REEF FISH; BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; STEGASTES-PARTITUS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; FEMALE CHOICE; EVOLUTION; GROWTH	Many field measurements of viability and sexual selection on body size indicate that large size is favoured. However, life-history theory predicts that body size may be optimized and that patterns of selection may often be stabilizing rather than directional. One reason for this discrepancy may be that field estimates of selection tend to focus on limited components of fitness and may not fully measure life-history trade-offs. We use an 8-year, demographic field study to examine both sexual selection and lifetime selection on body size of a coral reef fish (the bicolour damselfish, Stegastes partitus). Selection via reproductive success of adults was very strong (standardized selection differential = 1.04). However, this effect was balanced by trade-offs between large adult size and reduced cumulative survival during the juvenile phase. When we measured lifetime fitness (net reproductive rate), selection was strongly stabilizing and only weakly directional, consistent with predictions from life-history theory.	[Johnson, D. W.; Hixon, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA	Johnson, DW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.	johnson@nceas.ucsb.edu			NSF [OCE-00-93976, OCE-05-50709, OCE-08-51162]; NOAA, courtesy of the Caribbean Marine Research Center	We are very thankful to many people who helped in the field and made this labour-intensive study possible: G. Almany, A. Altieri, T. Anderson, C. Bartels, E. Bartels, A. Bartholomew, M. Bond, K. Buch, B. Byrne, M. Carr, M. Christie, N. Ehlers, D. Frerich, L. Hatley, W. Head, S. Hixon, B. Kakuk, K. Kroecker, A. King, B. McLeod, J. Noell, M. Novak, K. Overholtzer-McLeod, C. Stallings, M. Webster and T. Young. We are also grateful to the staff of the Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC), especially T. Wolcott and B. Gadd, for greatly facilitating our long-term research. R. Lamb and M. Cook assisted with the laboratory analysis of egg mass data. Financial support was provided by NSF grants OCE-00-93976, OCE-05-50709 and OCE-08-51162 to M.A.H. and by grants to M.A.H. from NOAA's National Undersea Research Program, courtesy of the Caribbean Marine Research Center. R. Warner, J. Williams, W. Blanckenhorn and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews of the manuscript.	ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P720, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00345.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; Bolker BM, 2008, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V24, P127, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.TREE.2008.10.008; BRODIE ED, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89117-X; BRODIE ED, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P1284, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01124.x; Carr MH, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P11241, DOI 10.1073/pnas.162653499; COLE KS, 1995, J FISH BIOL, V47, P181, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.1995.0125; Emery A. R., 1968, COMP ECOLOGY DAMSELF; Endler J. 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Evol. Biol.	AUG	2011	24	8					1653	1663		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02298.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	791WN	WOS:000292699200003	21605216	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Okada, K; Katsuki, M; Okada, Y; Miyatake, T				Okada, K.; Katsuki, M.; Okada, Y.; Miyatake, T.			Immature performance linked with exaggeration of a sexually selected trait in an armed beetle	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						horned beetle; resource allocation; sexual selection; trade-off; weapon	HORNED FLOUR BEETLE; ANTAGONISTIC COEVOLUTION; GNATOCERUS-CORNUTUS; TRADE-OFFS; LIBRODOR-JAPONICUS; ONTHOPHAGUS-TAURUS; GENETIC QUALITY; DUNG BEETLE; BODY PARTS; COSTS	Exaggerated traits can be costly and are often trade-off against other characters, such as life-history traits. Thus, the evolution of an exaggerated trait is predicted to affect male life-history strategies. However, there has been very little experimental evidence of the impact of the evolution of sexually selected traits on life-history traits. This study investigated whether increased investment in exaggerated traits can generate evolutionary changes in the life-history strategy for armed males. Male flour beetles, Gnatocerus cornutus, have enlarged mandibles that are used in male-male competition, but females lack this character exaggeration completely. We subjected these weapons to 11 generations of bidirectional selection and found a correlated response in pupal survival but not in larval survival or adult longevity in the male. That is, selecting for male mandibles negatively impacted survival during the production of mandibles. There is no correlated response in the life-history traits of the female.	[Okada, K.; Katsuki, M.; Okada, Y.; Miyatake, T.] Okayama Univ, Lab Evolutionary Ecol, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Okayama 7008530, Japan	Okada, K (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Lab Evolutionary Ecol, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Tsushima Naka 111, Okayama 7008530, Japan.	okaken@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp	Miyatake, Takahisa/B-1570-2011; Miyatake, Takahisa/B-6580-2017	Miyatake, Takahisa/0000-0002-5476-0676	Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture [21870025]	We thank Dr Rhonda R. Snook and the anonymous referees for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI 21870025) to K.O. from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture.	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J	Montana, CG; Choudhary, SK; Dey, S; Winemiller, KO				Montana, C. G.; Choudhary, S. K.; Dey, S.; Winemiller, K. O.			Compositional trends of fisheries in the River Ganges, India	FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY			English	Article						assemblage structure; fish community; flood pulse; floodplain; life-history strategy	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; FLOODPLAIN FISHERIES; POPULATION REGULATION; TROPICAL FLOODPLAIN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; AMERICAN FISHES; PARANA RIVER; PATTERNS; BANGLADESH	Monthly surveys of local fisheries from five principal landing sites on the River Ganges at Bhagalpur, India, were conducted from 2001 to 2007. Fishes of a range of sizes with mostly periodic-type life-history strategies, including many catfishes and carps, dominated the catch. Average annual yield (total mean monthly catch in units of biomass) was highly variable but trended downward during the study. Statistical ordination revealed associations between assemblage composition and hydrological seasons. Overall yields in this reach of the River Ganges tended to be greatest when the annual flood pulse was sustained longer. Patterns of average stock yields and inter-annual variability of yields were associated with species life-history strategies, with the most abundant and least variable species having periodic-type strategies of seasonal spawning, high fecundity, small eggs and no parental care. Although not appearing to have declined precipitously during the study, many stocks in this stretch of the River Ganges, including those of the largest and most valuable species, nonetheless seemed to remain below historical yield levels because of multiple impacts, including chronic intense fishing and other anthropogenic impacts.	[Montana, C. G.; Winemiller, K. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Sect Ecol Evolut & Systemat Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Choudhary, S. K.; Dey, S.] TM Bhagalpur Univ, Vikramshila Biodivers Res & Educ Ctr, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India	Winemiller, KO (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Sect Ecol Evolut & Systemat Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.	k-winemiller@tamu.edu	Montana, Carmen/H-1387-2012	Winemiller, Kirk/0000-0003-0236-5129	Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, UK; US Fulbright Program for International Exchange of Scholars	The authors thank the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, UK, for funding the field work, and the Centre for Wildlife Studies and National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, provided institutional support. Our collaboration was supported by a fellowship to SKC from the US Fulbright Program for International Exchange of Scholars.	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J	Pires, MN; Bassar, RD; McBride, KE; Regus, JU; Garland, T; Reznick, DN				Pires, Marcelo N.; Bassar, Ronald D.; McBride, Kevin E.; Regus, John U.; Garland, Theodore, Jr.; Reznick, David N.			Why do placentas evolve? An evaluation of the life-history facilitation hypothesis in the fish genus Poeciliopsis	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						adaptation; life-history evolution; maternal effect; phenotypic plasticity; predation; reproductive strategies; placenta; placentation	HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; LIVEBEARING FISH; PARENTAL CARE; LIVE-BEARING; POPULATION DIFFERENCES; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; VIVIPAROUS COCKROACH; FOLLICULAR PLACENTA; FETAL MEMBRANES; TELEOST FISHES	1. The Northern Clade of the fish genus Poeciliopsis includes six closely related species, three of which lack placentas and three that have placentas but vary in the extent of post-fertilization provisioning. 2. We used this diversity to evaluate a series of hypotheses proposed in earlier publications concerning why the placenta has evolved. All hypotheses share the attribute of arguing that the placenta evolved to enhance the evolution of some other life-history trait, such as to reduce the age at maturation or to increase offspring size. We refer to these hypotheses collectively as 'life-history facilitation hypotheses'. 3. A general way to evaluate the plausibility of such proposals is to ask whether the evolution of the placenta is predictably associated with the evolution of other components of the life history. 4. We evaluated such associations in two ways. First, we performed a multivariate analysis of life-history data for fish collected and preserved in nature. This analysis included 16 populations across all six species. Secondly, we performed a more complete quantification of the life histories of the laboratory descendents from five populations representing four species, then performed a similar multivariate analysis. The laboratory study added information about the timing of reproduction ( age at maturity, frequency of reproduction). 5. Both analyses yielded similar results, which were that the evolution of increased placentation is correlated with the evolution of a smaller size at first reproduction, the production of fewer and smaller offspring per litter, but an increase in the number of litters that were developing simultaneously in the ovary ( superfetation). Increased placentation is associated with progressively earlier ages at maturation and shorter intervals between the birth of successive litters of offspring. Overall, increased placentation was associated with an increase in the rate of production of offspring early in life. A peculiar attribute of placentation is that this increase in the rate of offspring production can be attained despite a simultaneous reduction in the proportional quantity of resources devoted to reproduction. 6. These trends support one of the life history facilitation hypotheses, which is that placentation facilitates earlier maturity and a higher rate of reproduction early in life. They also suggest a possible connection between the evolution of the placenta and the well-established theory of life-history evolution, since these same life history attributes are predicted to evolve in response to exposure to high extrinsic rates of adult mortality.	[Pires, Marcelo N.; Bassar, Ronald D.; McBride, Kevin E.; Regus, John U.; Garland, Theodore, Jr.; Reznick, David N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	Pires, MN (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	marcelo.pires@email.ucr.edu		reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	National Science Foundation (US) [DEB-0416085]	We are very grateful to Yuridia Reynoso, who performed or oversaw all of the dissections used to characterize the life histories plus managed all of the data. Doug Nelson, from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and Bob Vrijenhoek generously gave us access to their collections of wild-caught fishes for use in dissection and life-history characterization. Mariana Mateos arranged for permits to work and collect in Mexico and was our guide for both of our field expeditions. This work was supported by grant DEB-0416085 from the National Science Foundation (US).	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Ecol.	AUG	2011	25	4					757	768		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01842.x				12	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	786TE	WOS:000292330000004					2019-02-21	
J	Cooper, CB; Voss, MA; Ardia, DR; Austin, SH; Robinson, WD				Cooper, Caren B.; Voss, Margaret A.; Ardia, Daniel R.; Austin, Suzanne H.; Robinson, W. Douglas			Light increases the rate of embryonic development: implications for latitudinal trends in incubation period	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						avian incubation period; embryonic metabolic rate; house sparrow; life-history evolution; Passer domesticus; photoacceleration; photocycles; photoperiod	LIFE-HISTORY; CHICK-EMBRYO; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; PLASMA MELATONIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; EGG TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL RATES; TROPICAL BIRDS; TREE SWALLOWS; GROWTH	1. In wild birds, incubation period shortens and the general pace of life quickens with distance from the equator. Temperature and various biotic factors, including adult behaviours, cannot fully account for longer incubation periods of equatorial birds and only explain some of the variation between tropical and temperate life histories. Here we consider the role of differences in light in driving variation in incubation period. In poultry, incubation periods can be experimentally shortened by exposing eggs to light. The positive influence of light on embryonic growth, called photoacceleration, can begin within hours after an egg is laid. 2. We artificially incubated house sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs under photoperiods similar to those found at temperate (18Light : 6Dark) and tropical (12L : 12D) latitudes. We also measured embryonic metabolic rate during light and dark phases. 3. Eggs of house sparrows collected from the wild developed more rapidly under 'temperate' than 'tropical' photoperiods and had higher metabolic rates during phases of light exposure than during phases of darkness. Metabolic rates during light phases were high enough to account for a 1 day difference in incubation periods between temperate and tropical birds. 4. Based on a synthesis of photoacceleration studies on domesticated galliformes and our experimental results on a wild passerine, we provide the first support for the testable hypothesis that differences in photoperiod may influence variation in the rate of embryonic development across latitudes in birds.	[Cooper, Caren B.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA; [Voss, Margaret A.] Penn State Univ, Sch Sci, Behrend Coll, Erie, PA 16563 USA; [Ardia, Daniel R.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Biol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA; [Austin, Suzanne H.; Robinson, W. Douglas] Oregon State Univ, Oak Creek Lab Biol, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA	Cooper, CB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.	caren.cooper@cornell.edu	Voss, Margaret/H-6720-2016	Voss, Margaret/0000-0002-7969-4871	U. S. National Science Foundation IRCEB [0212587]	We received support from the U. S. 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J	Verrier, D; Guinet, C; Authier, M; Tremblay, Y; Shaffer, S; Costa, DP; Groscolas, R; Arnould, JPY				Verrier, Delphine; Guinet, Christophe; Authier, Matthieu; Tremblay, Yann; Shaffer, Scott; Costa, Daniel P.; Groscolas, Rene; Arnould, John P. Y.			The ontogeny of diving abilities in subantarctic fur seal pups: developmental trade-off in response to extreme fasting?	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						aerobic dive limit; behavioural plasticity; diving behaviour; diving physiology; growth strategy; myoglobin; oxygen stores; weaning	BODY OXYGEN STORES; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS PUPS; AEROBIC DIVE LIMIT; AMSTERDAM ISLAND; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLES; WEDDELL SEALS	1. A major hypothesis of life-history theory is that conditions of early development affect future survival and reproductive success. Responses to detrimental environments during early ontogeny may involve trade-offs between current and future fitness. Yet, the functional mechanisms involved in such evolutionary trade-offs remain poorly documented. 2. The physiological and behavioural ontogeny of diving abilities was examined in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis Gray) pups to assess whether the repeated extreme fasts they naturally endure throughout the period of maternal dependence impacts on their development. 3. The ontogeny of pup body oxygen storage capacity was slow, in particular for the muscle compartment, which shows limited increase in myoglobin content (0.23-0.85 g 100 g wet muscle(-1)). As a consequence, by the time of weaning, mass-specific oxygen stores had only reached 76%, 24% and 61% of adult female capacity for blood, muscle and total, respectively. Concomitantly, in marked contrast to other pinniped infants, they spent decreasing amounts of time in water (16-7%) with age and exhibited very little diving experience and skills. 4. Overall, in addition to experiencing the longest fasting durations throughout the maternal dependence period, subantarctic fur seal pups demonstrate the lowest levels of mass-specific total oxygen stores and maximum dive duration of any otariid near the age of weaning reported to date. 5. Furthermore, dives that exceeded the calculated aerobic dive limit occurred with a very low frequency (0.04%), suggesting that behavioural limitations linked to the necessity to conserve energy to survive repeated fasting, rather than restricted oxygen storage capacity, constrained pup diving behaviour. 6. Hence, these animals appear to trade-off the early development of both their physiological and behavioural diving abilities in favour of body fat accumulation to survive the prolonged fasts they must endure and, potentially, provide a nutritional buffer while they locate appropriate food patches after weaning. While promoting pre-weaning survival, this strategy renders pups more vulnerable to unpredictable changes in environmental conditions and food availability at the transition to independent foraging and, thus, could have negative impact on post-weaning survival.	[Verrier, Delphine] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; [Verrier, Delphine; Groscolas, Rene] UMR 7178 CNRS UdS, Dept Ecol Physiol & Ethol, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, F-67087 Strasbourg 2, France; [Guinet, Christophe; Authier, Matthieu] UPR 1934 CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; [Tremblay, Yann; Shaffer, Scott; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; [Shaffer, Scott] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA; [Arnould, John P. Y.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia	Verrier, D (reprint author), Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Ctr Primatol, BP 769, Franceville, Gabon.	ddlafouine@free.fr	Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009	Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059; Costa, Daniel/0000-0002-0233-5782	French Polar Institute (IPEV) [119/109]; Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation; Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises; University of Melbourne, Australia	The present research (project no. 119/109) was performed at Martin de Vivies station and supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV). Financial and logistical support was also provided by Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation and Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises. D.V. was the recipient of an International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and Melbourne International Research Scholarship awarded by the University of Melbourne, Australia. We would like to thank Alan-Brice Rousset, Gwenn Le Corgne, Alexandre Allag, Bruno Dauteloup and Tanguy Deville for their help in the field. The technical assistance of Mike Weise and Stella Villegas in the laboratory was also much appreciated.	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Ecol.	AUG	2011	25	4					818	828		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01846.x				11	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	786TE	WOS:000292330000011		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Wasserman, RJ; Strydom, NA				Wasserman, Ryan J.; Strydom, Nadine A.			The importance of estuary head waters as nursery areas for young estuary- and marine-spawned fishes in temperate South Africa	ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE			English	Article						ebb and flow; abstraction; impoundment; migration; fish barriers; life-history strategies; estuary dependence; olfactory cues	ADJACENT COASTAL AREA; FRESH-WATER; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RIVER-ESTUARY; MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GUADIANA ESTUARY; SUNDAYS ESTUARY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; LARVAL	The restriction of freshwater flow into estuaries, the presence of in-stream barriers and the occurrence of invasive fish species in these habitats are identified as major threats to these young estuary- and marine-spawned fish species. These aspects have been investigated using the distribution and abundance of young estuary- and marine-spawned fish species in the headwater environments of four permanently open estuaries of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Fishes were collected twice per season over the 2009 and 2010 period, using mixed method sampling with seine net hauls and overnight fyke net deployments. Of the 74,751 fishes collected, 37,444 fishes, 18 families and 34 species were taken in fyke net catches, while 34,308 fishes, 21 families and 38 species were caught in seine nets. In the Great Fish, Kowie, Kariega and Sundays River systems, juveniles of estuarine residents dominated headwater catches, followed by juveniles of estuary-dependent marine species. The prevalence of larval and small juvenile stages of estuary- and marine-spawned fish species highlights the potential importance of these transitional areas for young fish. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Wasserman, Ryan J.; Strydom, Nadine A.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, ZA-6000 Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Strydom, NA (reprint author), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, POB 77000, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa.	nadine.strydom@nmmu.ac.za	Wasserman, Ryan/D-5492-2012		National Research Foundation, South Africa	This work is based on financial support from the National Research Foundation, South Africa. Gratitude is expressed to the NRF, South Africa for funding this research. Tanja van der Ven, Bevan O Reilly, Tim Vink, Tinus Sonnekus and Peter Watt-Pringle are thanked for their field assistance. Mr. Biggs, Mr. Gates, Mr. Mayor, Mr. and Mrs. Swart and Waters Meeting Reserve, Eastern Cape Parks are also thanked for permission to access sampling sites on their properties. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and therefore the NRF does not accept any liability in regard thereto.	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K., 2000, 577300 WAT RES COMM; WHITFIELD AK, 1985, S AFR J ZOOL, V20, P166; Whitfield AK, 1996, S AFR J MARINE SCI, V17, P49; WHITFIELD AK, 1994, S AFR J ZOOL, V29, P175; Whitfield AK, 2005, AQUAT LIVING RESOUR, V18, P275, DOI 10.1051/alr:2005032; WHITFIELD AK, 1994, S AFR J SCI, V90, P411; WHITFIELD AK, 1998, ICHTHYOLOGICAL MONOG; WOOLDRIDGE T, 1982, S AFR J ZOOL, V17, P151; Yamashita Y, 2003, J FISH BIOL, V63, P617, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00175.x	76	22	22	1	30	ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	LONDON	24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND	0272-7714			ESTUAR COAST SHELF S	Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.	JUL 30	2011	94	1					56	67		10.1016/j.ecss.2011.05.023				12	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	810TQ	WOS:000294150400006					2019-02-21	
J	Etterson, MA; Ellis-Felege, SN; Evers, D; Gauthier, G; Grzybowski, JA; Mattsson, BJ; Nagy, LR; Olsen, BJ; Pease, CM; Post van der Burg, M; Potvien, A				Etterson, Matthew A.; Ellis-Felege, Susan N.; Evers, David; Gauthier, Gilles; Grzybowski, Joseph A.; Mattsson, Brady J.; Nagy, Laura R.; Olsen, Brian J.; Pease, Craig M.; Post van der Burg, Max; Potvien, Aaron			Modeling fecundity in birds: Conceptual overview, current models, and considerations for future developments	ECOLOGICAL MODELLING			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Conference of the International-Society-for-Ecological-Modelling	OCT 06-09, 2009	Quebec City, CANADA	Int Soc Ecolog Modelling		Birds; Seasonal fecundity; Reproductive success; Individual-based model; Markov chain; Partial differential equations	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ANNUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; CLUTCH-SIZE; NEST PREDATION; BREEDING SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSH; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; MULTIBROODED SONGBIRDS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION	Fecundity is fundamental to the fitness, population dynamics, conservation, and management of birds. For all the efforts made to measure fecundity or its surrogates over the past century of avian research, it is still mismeasured, misrepresented, and misunderstood. Fundamentally, these problems arise because of partial observability of underlying processes such as renesting, multiple brooding, and temporary emigration. Over the last several decades, various analytical approaches have been developed to estimate fecundity from incomplete and biased data. These, include scalar arithmetic formulae, partial differential equations, individual-based simulations, and Markov chain methodology. In this paper, we: (1) identify component processes of avian reproduction; (2) review existing methods for modeling fecundity; (3) place these diverse models under a common conceptual framework; (4) describe the parameterization, validation, and limitations of such models; and (5) point out future considerations and challenges in the application of fecundity models. We hope this synthesis of existing literature will help direct researchers toward the most appropriate methods to assess avian reproductive success for answering questions in evolutionary ecology, natural history, population dynamics, reproductive toxicology, and management. Published by Elsevier B.V.	[Etterson, Matthew A.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55803 USA; [Ellis-Felege, Susan N.; Mattsson, Brady J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Evers, David] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA; [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Grzybowski, Joseph A.] Univ Cent Oklahoma, Coll Math & Sci, Edmond, OK USA; [Grzybowski, Joseph A.] Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK USA; [Nagy, Laura R.] Tetra Tech EC, Portland, OR 97201 USA; [Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA; [Pease, Craig M.] Vermont Law Sch, Environm Law Ctr, S Royalton, VT 05068 USA; [Post van der Burg, Max] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; [Potvien, Aaron] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA	Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55803 USA.	etterson.matthew@epa.gov	Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015	Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538; Ellis-Felege, Susan/0000-0002-4534-0055; Post van der Burg, Max/0000-0002-3943-4194			Ackerman JT, 2003, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V67, P576, DOI 10.2307/3802715; Anders AD, 2005, CONSERV BIOL, V19, P66, DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00543.x; Arcese P, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P4608, DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4608; Bennett RS, 2007, INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES, V3, P498, DOI 10.1897/IEAM_2007-029.1; Brennan L. 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J	Lorrain, A; Arguelles, J; Alegre, A; Bertrand, A; Munaron, JM; Richard, P; Cherel, Y				Lorrain, Anne; Argueelles, Juan; Alegre, Ana; Bertrand, Arnaud; Munaron, Jean-Marie; Richard, Pierre; Cherel, Yves			Sequential Isotopic Signature Along Gladius Highlights Contrasted Individual Foraging Strategies of Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas)	PLOS ONE			English	Article							SOUTHERN-OCEAN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DIET; DELTA-N-15; OMMASTREPHIDAE; WATERS; SPECIALIZATION; CEPHALOPODA; INVESTIGATE; DELTA-C-13	Background: Cephalopods play a major role in marine ecosystems, but knowledge of their feeding ecology is limited. In particular, intra- and inter-individual variations in their use of resources has not been adequatly explored, although there is growing evidence that individual organisms can vary considerably in the way they use their habitats and resources. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using delta C-13 and delta N-15 values of serially sampled gladius (an archival tissue), we examined high resolution variations in the trophic niche of five large (>60 cm mantle length) jumbo squids (Dosidicus gigas) that were collected off the coast of Peru. We report the first evidence of large inter-individual differences in jumbo squid foraging strategies with no systematic increase of trophic level with size. Overall, gladius delta C-13 values indicated one or several migrations through the squid's lifetime (similar to 8-9 months), during which delta N-15 values also fluctuated (range: 1 to 5 parts per thousand). One individual showed an unexpected terminal 4.6 parts per thousand delta N-15 decrease (more than one trophic level), thus indicating a shift from higher- to lower-trophic level prey at that time. The data illustrate the high diversity of prey types and foraging histories of this species at the individual level. Conclusions/Significance: The isotopic signature of gladii proved to be a powerful tool to depict high resolution and ontogenic variations in individual foraging strategies of squids, thus complementing traditional information offered by stomach content analysis and stable isotopes on metabolically active tissues. The observed differences in life history strategies highlight the high degree of plasticity of the jumbo squid and its high potential to adapt to environmental changes.	[Lorrain, Anne; Munaron, Jean-Marie] LEMAR UMR CNRS UBO IRD 6539, IRD, Plouzane, France; [Argueelles, Juan; Alegre, Ana; Bertrand, Arnaud] IMARPE, Lima, Peru; [Bertrand, Arnaud] UMR212 EME IFREMER IRD UM2, IRD, Sete, France; [Richard, Pierre] UMR 6250 CNRS Univ La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France; [Cherel, Yves] CNRS, UPR 1934, Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, Villers En Bois, France	Lorrain, A (reprint author), LEMAR UMR CNRS UBO IRD 6539, IRD, Plouzane, France.	anne.lorrain@ird.fr	Bertrand, Arnaud/E-4251-2010; Lorrain, Anne/A-4152-2009; Richard, Pierre/N-6482-2014; Munaron, Jean-Marie/B-8282-2015	Bertrand, Arnaud/0000-0003-4723-179X; Lorrain, Anne/0000-0002-1289-2072; Richard, Pierre/0000-0002-0393-9967; 			Arguelles J, 2008, PROG OCEANOGR, V79, P308, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.003; ARKHIPKIN AI, 1991, NTR ITPP SPEC PUBL, V1, P11; Bazzino G, 2010, PROG OCEANOGR, V86, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.017; Bearhop S, 2004, J ANIM ECOL, V73, P1007, DOI 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00861.x; Bertrand A, 2010, PLOS ONE, V5, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010330; Bograd SJ, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, DOI 10.1029/2008GL034185; Bolnick DI, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P1, DOI 10.1086/343878; Chavez FP, 2008, PROG OCEANOGR, V79, P95, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.012; Cherel Y, 2009, BIOL LETTERS, V5, P830, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0552; Cherel Y, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V329, P281, DOI 10.3354/meps329281; Cherel Y, 2009, MAR BIOL, V156, P699, DOI 10.1007/s00227-008-1121-x; DENIRO MJ, 1978, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V42, P495, DOI 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90199-0; FUENZALIDA R., 2009, DEEP SEA RES 2, V56, P992, DOI [101016/j.dsr2.2008.11.001, DOI 10.1016/J.DSR2.2008.11.001]; Goodwin DH, 2003, PALAIOS, V18, P110, DOI 10.1669/0883-1351(2003)18<110:RAFOOI>2.0.CO;2; Graham BS, 2010, ISOSCAPES: UNDERSTANDING MOVEMENT, PATTERN, AND PROCESS ON EARTH THROUGH ISOTOPE MAPPING, P299, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3_14; Guerra A, 2010, ICES J MAR SCI, V67, P1425, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq091; Ibanez CM, 2008, HELGOLAND MAR RES, V62, P331, DOI 10.1007/s10152-008-0120-0; Jaeger A, 2010, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V24, P3456, DOI 10.1002/rcm.4792; KOJIDANOVIK J, 2008, WATERBIRDS, V31, P169; MARKAIDA U., 2003, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V83, P1; Naqvi SWA, 2000, NATURE, V408, P346, DOI 10.1038/35042551; Newsome SD, 2009, ECOLOGY, V90, P961, DOI 10.1890/07-1812.1; Nigmatullin CM, 2001, FISH RES, V54, P9, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00371-X; Paulmier A, 2009, PROG OCEANOGR, V80, P113, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.08.001; Perez JAA, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P2837, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-53-12-2837; RAU GH, 1982, DEEP-SEA RES, V29, P1035, DOI 10.1016/0198-0149(82)90026-7; Rodhouse PG, 1996, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V351, P1003, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1996.0090; Ruiz-Cooley RI, 2010, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V399, P187, DOI 10.3354/meps08383; Ruiz-Cooley RI, 2006, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V86, P437, DOI 10.1017/S0025315406013324; Sigman DM, 1999, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V13, P1149, DOI 10.1029/1999GB900038; Vander Zanden HB, 2010, BIOL LETTERS, V6, P711, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0124; Vanderklift MA, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V136, P169, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1270-z; Voss M, 2001, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V48, P1905, DOI 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00110-2; Webb SC, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2903; ZEIDBERG LD, 2008, N PACIFIC P NATL ACA, V104, P12948	35	31	39	1	29	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE	SAN FRANCISCO	1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA	1932-6203			PLOS ONE	PLoS One	JUL 14	2011	6	7							e22194	10.1371/journal.pone.0022194				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	793HP	WOS:000292811300045	21779391	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Cheng, RX; Meng, L; Mills, NJ; Li, BP				Cheng, Rui-Xia; Meng, Ling; Mills, Nickolas J.; Li, Baoping			Host preference between symbiotic and aposymbiotic Aphis fabae, by the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus ambiguus	JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE			English	Article						Aphidiidae; bacterial symbiosis; Buchnera aphidicola; host choice; host instar; host suitability; sex ratio	AMINO-ACID POOLS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PEA APHID; OFFSPRING FITNESS; BACTERIA; HYMENOPTERA; ERVI; MYCETOCYTE; INSECT; SIZE	Few empirical studies have directly explored the association between Buchnera aphidicola (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), the primary endosymbiont of aphids, and the life history strategies of aphid parasitoids. A series of paired-choice experiments were conducted to explore the preference of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus ambiguus Halliday (Hymenoptera: Aphididae) for symbiotic and aposymbiotic Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the suitability of these hosts for parasitoid development. When given a choice between symbiotic and aposymbiotic aphids of the same instar, the parasitoid significantly preferred symbiotic over aposymbiotic aphids only during the later instars (L-4 and adult). The suitability of aposymbiotic aphids for parasitoid development was equal to that of symbiotic aphids in terms of survivorship and sex ratio, but was significantly lower than that of symbiotic aphids for L-4 and adult instars in development rate and/or female adult size. When given a choice between similar-sized symbiotic L-2 and aposymbiotic L-4 aphids, the parasitoid preferred the former. No significant differences in preference or host suitability were demonstrated when the parasitoid was given a choice between different instars of aposymbiotic aphids. While parasitoid lifetime fecundity increased with aphid instar at the time of oviposition, there was no significant influence of previous development from symbiotic versus aposymbiotic aphids. These results suggest that while L. ambiguus can discriminate between symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. fabae during later instars and when the aphids are of a similar size, the primary endosymbiont is not needed for successful parasitoid development; and its absence only compromises parasitoid growth reared from later instar aposymbiotic host.	[Cheng, Rui-Xia; Meng, Ling; Li, Baoping] Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China; [Cheng, Rui-Xia] Off Landscape Management, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Prov, Peoples R China; [Mills, Nickolas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Cheng, RX (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China.	lbp@njau.edu.cn		Mills, Nicholas/0000-0001-8885-8674	Natural Science Fund of China (NSFC) [30370237, 30871670]	We thank Ge Zhao-yu and Wang Cai-yun for help in field collection of the aphid parasitoid, and Yang De-song for review of earlier versions of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Natural Science Fund of China (NSFC, 30370237, 30871670).	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JUL 2	2011	11								81					13	Entomology	Entomology	786QE	WOS:000292322200001	21870967	DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Marin-Moratalla, N; Jordana, X; Garcia-Martinez, R; Kohler, M				Marin-Moratalla, Nekane; Jordana, Xavier; Garcia-Martinez, Ruben; Koehler, Meike			Tracing the evolution of fitness components in fossil bovids under different selective regimes	COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL			English	Article						Large herbivores; Paleohistology; Life History; Paleodemography; Insularity; Ecology	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LARGE HERBIVORES; GROWTH-RATE; BODY-SIZE; BONE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ENAMEL; TEETH	Hard tissue histology is a valuable tool to reconstruct life history traits in fossil ungulates. We estimated certain fitness components (age at weaning, age at maturity, life span and generation time) in two fossil bovids that evolved under different selective regimes, the insular Myotragus balearicus and the continental Gazella borbonica. Our results provide evidence that the mainland G. borbonica conforms to the predictions for ungulates of similar body size. However, the insular M. balearicus does not fit predictions from body mass scaling, as it shows an important delay in age at weaning and, especially, in age at first reproduction. The considerable differences in the onset of these fitness components reflect the differences in resource availability and in extrinsic mortality that exist between insular and continental ecosystems. The significant delay in life history traits in Myotragus most likely resulted in severe constraints on the ability of this insular mammal to respond to ecological disturbances. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	[Koehler, Meike] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICP, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; [Marin-Moratalla, Nekane; Jordana, Xavier; Garcia-Martinez, Ruben] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICP, Dept Paleobiol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain	Kohler, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICP, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.	meike.kohler@icp.cat	Jordana, Xavier/G-7537-2017; Jordana, Xavier/L-9301-2014	Jordana, Xavier/0000-0002-6016-6630; Jordana, Xavier/0000-0001-8990-4388; Kohler, Meike/0000-0001-9228-3164	Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) [CGL2008-06204/BTE, BES-2009-02641, JCI-2010-08157]; ICREA	We wish to thank C. Constantino for access to the collections of the Museu Bateau de Ciencies Naturals; Eric Pianka for comments on generation time; Hospital Mutua de Terrassa for Computed Tomography; J. Fortuny for technical help; and both M. Laurin and an anonymous referee for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (M. Kohler, CGL2008-06204/BTE). N. Marin-Moratalla receives a scholarship from MICINN (BES-2009-02641). X. Jordana holds a grant from the Juan de la Cierva Program of the MICINN (JCI-2010-08157).	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J	Garcia-Martinez, R; Marin-Moratalla, N; Jordana, X; Kohler, M				Garcia-Martinez, Ruben; Marin-Moratalla, Nekane; Jordana, Xavier; Koehler, Meike			The ontogeny of bone growth in two species of dormice: Reconstructing life history traits	COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL			English	Article						Bone histology; Growth pattern; Life history; Bone tissue types; Skeletochronology; Conservation	EDIBLE DORMOUSE; SEXUAL-MATURITY; FAT DORMOUSE; PATTERNS; AGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SKELETOCHRONOLOGY; POPULATION; DINOSAURS; MAMMALS	Though bone histology has become a powerful tool to reconstruct life history strategies and physiology in living and extinct reptiles and amphibians, it is of limited use in mammals. Dormice (Myoxidae) are good candidates for assessing the relation between bone microstructure and life history due to their long life span, marked physiological cycles and negligible bone remodelling. We carried out the most comprehensive study so far analyzing 16 wild individuals of unknown age belonging to two different species of dormice, Glis glis and Eliomys quercinus. Our study shows a high degree of consistency in the number of resting lines present in bones of the same individual, with femora providing the most accurate age estimations. Moreover, the presence of a single LAG in some juveniles allows discerning between offspring from different reproductive events (early or late litters). (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	[Koehler, Meike] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICP, Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; [Garcia-Martinez, Ruben; Marin-Moratalla, Nekane; Jordana, Xavier] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICP, Dept Paleobiol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain	Kohler, M (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICP, Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.	meike.kohler@icp.cat	Jordana, Xavier/L-9301-2014; Jordana, Xavier/G-7537-2017	Jordana, Xavier/0000-0001-8990-4388; Jordana, Xavier/0000-0002-6016-6630; Kohler, Meike/0000-0001-9228-3164	Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2008-06204/BTE]; MICINN [BES-2009-02641]; Juan de la Cierva [JCI-2010-08157]; ICREA	We wish to thank A. Arrizabalaga and R. Garcia for access to the collections of the Museum de Ciencies Naturals de Granollers and Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia respectively. We also want to thank the ICP restoration team and especially S. Val, for her help in preparing the material. The authors also are grateful to S. de Esteban, G. Macho and R. Minwer-Barakat as well as two anonymous referees, for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2008-06204/BTE). N. Marin-Moratalla receives a scholarship from MICINN (BES-2009-02641). X. Jordana is Juan de la Cierva researcher (JCI-2010-08157).	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J	Ahlstrom, T				Ahlstrom, T.			Life-History Theory, Past Human Populations and Climatic Perturbations	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY			English	Article						bioarchaeology; climate; life history theory; matrix population models; stature	INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; FETAL ORIGINS; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; AGE; ENVIRONMENTS; PREGNANCY; FAMINE	A sensitivity and elasticity analysis is performed on historical life-tables, that of Swedish females from 1751-1755 and 1966-1970, i.e. during and after the Little Ice Age. Coupled with life-history theory, this approach supplies us with some ideas on how stature can be understood as a proxy for conditions during the intrauterine growth, important if we aspire to calibrate proposed climatic perturbations and their effect on past societies. Matrix population models represent a versatile tool that has been used extensively in conservation biology, ecology, primatology and evolutionary demography. As of yet, applications in bioarchaeology/human osteology have been restricted to population forecasting. The following paper introduces matrix population models and discusses their use in bioarchaeology. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Lund Univ, Inst Archaeol & Ancient Hist, S-22350 Lund, Sweden	Ahlstrom, T (reprint author), Lund Univ, Inst Archaeol & Ancient Hist, Sandgatan 1, S-22350 Lund, Sweden.	Torbjorn.Ahlstrom@ark.lu.se					Adair LS, 2001, CIRCULATION, V104, P1034, DOI 10.1161/hc3401.095037; Alberts Susan C., 2003, P66; Barker DJ, 1998, MOTHERS BABIES HLTH; Barker DJP, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P1235, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.6.1235; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; BENNIKE P, 1985, PALEOPATHOLOGY DANIS; Bogin B, 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Bogin B, 1998, BIOL STANDARD LIVING, P277; Buikstra J. E., 2006, BIOARCHAEOLOGY CONTE; Case T. 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JUL-AUG	2011	21	4					407	419		10.1002/oa.1147				13	Anthropology; Archaeology	Anthropology; Archaeology	808BR	WOS:000293949000003					2019-02-21	
J	Karino, K; Ikeuchi, M				Karino, Kenji; Ikeuchi, Mari			Female fecundity and early offspring growth in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata	ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH			English	Article						Fecundity; Offspring size; Offspring growth; Brood retention time; Poecilia reticulata	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; INSEMINATION EFFICIENCY; MALE ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX-RATIOS; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; COMPETITION; POPULATION; PLASTICITY; RESOURCES	We examined the relationships between family (female parentage), body size of females, brood retention time between mating and parturition, female fecundity, and early growth of offspring in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. Mature, virgin females from a single brood were mated with a single male. Results of generalized linear models indicate that the effect of the family on female fecundity and offspring growth was significant, which suggested that these traits are genetically determined to a certain extent. Larger females at the time of mating produced larger broods, although female body size at the time of parturition did not affect brood size, in contrast to the results of some previous studies in guppies. Brood size was negatively associated with the body size of neonates. Results highlighted significant associations between brood retention time and female fecundity as well as offspring growth. In addition, the interaction between the family and brood retention time was significantly associated with female fecundity and offspring growth. Females of some families had longer retention times of larger broods, whereas those of other families had shorter retention times of smaller broods. On the other hand, females with longer brood retention times produced smaller neonates with slower growth. Since the family also affected the brood retention time, selection may work against the duration of brood retention of females via the size, growth and number of offspring, depending on environmental factors such as the intensity of predation or competition in neonates.	[Karino, Kenji; Ikeuchi, Mari] Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Biol, Tokyo 1848501, Japan	Karino, K (reprint author), Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Dept Biol, Tokyo 1848501, Japan.	kkarino@u-gakugei.ac.jp			Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19570015]	We are grateful to the two reviewers for their valuable comments on early version of the manuscript, and to Aya Sato for the help with the experiments. This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#19570015) to KK from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This work complied with the current laws of Japan.	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J	Schlomer, GL; Del Giudice, M; Ellis, BJ				Schlomer, Gabriel L.; Del Giudice, Marco; Ellis, Bruce J.			Parent-Offspring Conflict Theory: An Evolutionary Framework for Understanding Conflict Within Human Families	PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW			English	Article						parent-offspring conflict; life history theory; genomic imprinting; prenatal conflict; sibling relations	ANTENATAL MATERNAL ANXIETY; HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIAL BRAIN; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; GENE-EXPRESSION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS	Decades of research demonstrate that conflict shapes and permeates a broad range of family processes. In the current article, we argue that greater insight, integration of knowledge, and empirical achievement in the study of family conflict can be realized by utilizing a powerful theory from evolutionary biology that is barely known within psychology: parent-offspring conflict theory (POCT). In the current article, we articulate POCT for psychological scientists, extend its scope by connecting it to the broader framework of life history theory, and draw out its implications for understanding conflict within human families. We specifically apply POCT to 2 instances of early mother-offspring interaction (prenatal conflict and weaning conflict); discuss the effects of genetic relatedness on behavioral conflict between parents, children, and their siblings; review the emerging literature on parent-offspring conflict over the choice of mates and spouses; and examine parent-offspring conflict from the perspective of imprinted genes. This review demonstrates the utility of POCT, not only for explaining what is known about conflict within families but also for generating novel hypotheses, suggesting new lines of research, and moving us toward the "big picture" by integrating across biological and psychological domains of knowledge.	[Schlomer, Gabriel L.] Univ Arizona, Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Arizona Ctr Res & Outreach, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Del Giudice, Marco] Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Biol Social Behav Lab, Ctr Cognit Sci, I-10123 Turin, Italy	Schlomer, GL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Arizona Ctr Res & Outreach, McClelland Pk,650 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	schlomer@email.arizona.edu; marco.delgiudice@unito.it	Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010	Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573	John and Doris Norton Endowment for Fathers, Parenting, and Families, Frances McClelland Institute, University of Arizona	Gabriel L. Schlomer and Marco Del Giudice contributed equally to this article. Funding for this international collaboration was provided by the John and Doris Norton Endowment for Fathers, Parenting, and Families, Frances McClelland Institute, University of Arizona. We thank Dario Maestripieri for helpful comments on this article. We also thank Tomas Cabeza De Baca for his assistance on drafts of this article.	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J	Marrari, M; Daly, KL; Timonin, A; Semenova, T				Marrari, Marina; Daly, Kendra L.; Timonin, Alexander; Semenova, Tatjana			The zooplankton of Marguerite Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula-Part I: Abundance, distribution, and population response to variability in environmental conditions	DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY			English	Article						Euphausia superba; Thysanoessa macrura; Euphausia crystallorophias; Copepods; Ostracods; Pteropods; Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean	KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; BRANSFIELD STRAIT REGION; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LIFE-CYCLE STRATEGIES; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WEDDELL-SEA; SCOTIA SEA; THYSANOESSA-MACRURA; METRIDIA-GERLACHEI	The zooplankton community of Marguerite Bay was studied during austral fall of 2001 and 2002 using net and concurrent environmental data. Interannual differences were observed in zooplankton species composition, developmental stages, and abundances, which were linked to unusually high chlorophyll concentrations in the Bellingshausen Sea and Marguerite Bay during spring-summer 2000/2001. Copepod abundance was significantly higher in 2001 than in 2002 (46.3 and 28.3 ind m(-3) in 2001 and 2002, respectively). During 2001, the copepod community was dominated by two species. Calanoides acutus, a herbivore, and Metridia gerlachei, an omnivore, accounted for 46% and 45% of the community, respectively. During 2002, however, several species were relatively abundant, including M. gerlachei, Ctenocalanus spp., C acutus, Oithona spp., and Paraeuchaeta spp. Euphausiids also showed a rapid population response to high chlorophyll levels in 2001. Even though average total euphausiid (juvenile/adult) abundances were similar during both years (0.20 and 0.15 ind m(-3) for 2001 and 2002, respectively), species composition showed marked interannual differences due to varying life history strategies among species. Thysanoessa macrura, which has a relatively rapid development from larval to juvenile stages between spring and fall of the same year, was the most abundant euphausiid in 2001. In contrast, Euphausia crystallorophias and Euphausia superba juvenile/adult populations increased in 2002, owing to a slower development in which larval stages overwinter and recruit to juveniles during the following spring/summer. Other zooplankton groups those were abundant in Marguerite Bay, but showed little variability between years, included ostracods, pteropods, chaetognaths, medusae, amphipods, and mysids. Summer phytoplankton concentrations strongly influenced copepods and euphausiids; however, there were no clear associations between zooplankton distributions and fall environmental conditions (i.e., pigment concentrations and surface salinity) or bottom depth. It is notable that ostracods and pteropods had the highest abundances of non-copepod zooplankton. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Daly, Kendra L.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; [Marrari, Marina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; [Timonin, Alexander; Semenova, Tatjana] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia	Daly, KL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.	marina@seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov			NSF [OPP-9910610, OPP-196489]	We thank the captain and crew of the R.V. L.M. Gould for support at sea, and Meng Zhou, Yiwu Zhu, Ryan Dorland, Dan Mertes, and Joe Smith for collecting the 1 m<SUP>2</SUP>-MOCNESS samples. We are grateful to Jason Zimmerman for assistance with MOCNESS sample analyses, and to Kevin Arrigo and Gert van Dijken for kindly providing sea ice images. We also thank Chuanmin Hu for help with SeaWiFS data processing, and Meng Zhou for assistance with figure preparation. Chlorophyll data for 2001 provided by C. Fritsen. Funding for this research provided by NSF Grant nos. OPP-9910610 and OPP-196489. This publication represents US GLOBEC contribution no. 697.	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J	Love, OP; Williams, TD				Love, O. P.; Williams, T. D.			Manipulating developmental stress reveals sex-specific effects of egg size on offspring phenotype	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						developmental stress; egg size; European starling (Sturnus vulgaris); maternal effect; offspring quality; sex allocation	STARLING STURNUS-VULGARIS; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; REARING CONDITIONS; REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT; HAEMATOPUS-OSTRALEGUS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TIT NESTLINGS; SURVIVAL	The general lack of experimental evidence for strong, positive effects of egg size on offspring phenotype has led to suggestions that avian egg size is a neutral trait. To better understand the functional significance of intra-specific variation in egg size as a determinant of offspring fitness within a life-history (sex-specific life-history strategies) and an environmental (poor rearing conditions) context, we experimentally increased developmental stress (via maternal feather-clipping) in the sexually size-dimorphic European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and measured phenotypic traits in offspring across multiple biological scales. As predicted by life-history theory, sons and daughters had different responses when faced with developmental stress and variation in egg size. In response to developmental stress, small egg size in normally faster-growing sons was associated with catch-up growth prior to attaining larger adult size, resulting in a reduction in developmental stability. Daughters apparently avoided this developmental instability by reducing growth rate and eventual adult body mass and size. Interestingly, large egg size provided offspring with greater developmental flexibility under poor growth conditions. Large-egg sons and daughters avoided the reduction in developmental stability, and daughters also showed enhanced escape performance during flight trials. Furthermore, large egg size resulted in elevated immune responses for both sexes under developmental stress. These findings show that there can be significant, but complex, context-specific effects of egg size on offspring phenotype at least up to fledging, but these can only be demonstrated by appreciating variation in the quality of the offspring environment and life histories. Results are therefore consistent with egg size playing a significant role in shaping the phenotypic outcome of offspring in species that show even greater intra-specific variation in egg size than starlings.	[Love, O. P.] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; [Williams, T. D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada	Love, OP (reprint author), Univ Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.	olove@uwindsor.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)	The Davis family at Davistead Dairy Farm generously supported our starling research; E. Rowland, J. Verspoor, E. Chin and L. Sheldon provided countless hours and hard work both in the field and laboratory. We thank C. Semeniuk for extremely helpful comments, and A. Roulin and one anonymous reviewer for help on an earlier version of the manuscript. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) provided operating grants to TDW and OPL, and under-graduate awards to J. Verspoor and L. Sheldon.	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Evol. Biol.	JUL	2011	24	7					1497	1504		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02282.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	791WK	WOS:000292698700011	21569153	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Galimov, Y; Walser, B; Haag, CR				Galimov, Y.; Walser, B.; Haag, C. R.			Frequency and inheritance of non-male producing clones in Daphnia magna: evolution towards sex specialization in a cyclical parthenogen?	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						ecological genetics; life history evolution; sex-ratio	PULEX; POPULATION; GYNODIOECY; RATIO; REPRODUCTION; CRUSTACEA; GENETICS; PLANT; EGGS	In Daphnia (Cladocera, Crustacea), parthenogenetic reproduction alternates with sexual reproduction. Individuals of both sexes that belong to the same parthenogenetic line are genetically identical, and their sex is determined by the environment. Previously, non-male producing (NMP) genotypes have been described in species of the Daphnia pulex group. Such genotypes can only persist through phases of sexual reproduction if they co-occur with normal (MP) genotypes that produce both males and females, and thus the breeding system polymorphism is similar to gynodioecy (coexistence of females with hermaphrodites), which is well known in plants. Here we show that the same breeding system polymorphism also occurs in Daphnia magna, a species that has diverged from D. pulex more than 100 MY ago. Depending on the population, between 0% and 40% of D. magna females do not produce males when experimentally exposed to a concentration of the putative sex hormone methyl farnesoate that normally leads to male-only clutches. Natural broods of these NMP females never contained males, contrasting with high proportions of male offspring in MP females from the same populations. The results from a series of crossing experiments suggest that NMP is determined by a dominant allele at a single nuclear locus (or a several closely linked loci): NMP x MP crosses always yielded 50% NMP and 50% MP offspring, whereas MP x MP crosses always yielded 100% MP offspring. Based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I-sequences, we found that NMP genotypes from different populations belong to three highly divergent mitochondrial lineages, potentially representing three independent evolutionary origins of NMP in D. magna. Thus, the evolution of NMP genotypes in cyclical parthenogens may be more common than previously thought. Moreover, MP genotypes that coexist with NMP genotypes may have responded to the presence of the latter by partially specializing on male production. Hence, these populations of D. magna may be a model for an evolutionary transition from a purely environmental to a partially genetic sex determination system.	[Galimov, Y.] RAS, Inst Dev Biol, Moscow 119334, Russia; [Walser, B.; Haag, C. R.] Univ Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland	Galimov, Y (reprint author), RAS, Inst Dev Biol, Ul Vavilova 26, Moscow 119334, Russia.	yangalimov@gmail.com	Haag, Christoph/B-6488-2009; Galimov, Yan/S-6242-2018	Haag, Christoph/0000-0002-8817-1431; Galimov, Yan/0000-0002-8589-0166	Swiss National Science Foundation; Russian Foundation of Basic Research	We are grateful to L. Yu. Yampolsky and N.S. Mugue for contributing materials and for helpful advice and discussions throughout the project. We thank V. R. Alekseev and D. Ebert for contributing samples, C. Haag-Liautard, A. A. Minin, and E. F. Uryuppova for advice and comments, and Moscow Zoo and N. I. Skuratov for sampling permits and support. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research.	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Evol. Biol.	JUL	2011	24	7					1572	1583		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02288.x				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	791WK	WOS:000292698700017	21599772				2019-02-21	
J	Bergh, NG; Verboom, GA				Bergh, Nicola G.; Verboom, G. Anthony			ANOMALOUS CAPITULUM STRUCTURE AND MONOECY MAY CONFER FLEXIBILITY IN SEX ALLOCATION AND LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION IN THE IFLOGA LINEAGE OF PAPER DAISIES (COMPOSITAE: GNAPHALIEAE)	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						annual; capitulum; Gnaphalieae; gynomonoecy; Ifloga; life-history evolution; monoecy; perennial; sex allocation; sex ratio; sexual system	ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES; SQUARED-CHANGE PARSIMONY; HELIANTHEAE SENSU-LATO; POLLEN-OVULE RATIOS; FLOWERING PLANTS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; ASTERACEAE; SELECTION; SYSTEMS	Premise of the study: Evolutionary significance of the Compositae capitulum and variation in its structure is poorly understood, although it may permit flexibility in sexual expression. Optimal sex ratio differs with life-history and reproductive strategy. We explore how the genus Ifloga and related members of southern African Gnaphalieae achieved different sex ratios, and the associations of these ratios with annual and perennial life history. Methods: Sex allocation was measured using the male to female ratio (M/F), a novel approximator of the pollen to ovule ratio (P/O). Life-history (annuality/perenniality), capitulum structure, capitular sexual system, and M/F were reconstructed on time-proportional phylogenies. Trait associations were examined using phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). Key results: Annual taxa have strongly female-biased capitula, as measured by M/F, and either gynomonoecious or monoecious sexual systems, while perennials have equal or male-biased capitula that are hermaphroditic or monoecious. These results are largely supported by PIC analysis. Different sexual systems afford differing flexibility in sex allocation, with hermaphrodites having the least, and monoecious taxa the greatest, range in M/F. Within Ifloga, the anomalous capitulum evolved in an annual, gynomonoecious ancestor, followed by two independent gains of monoecy. Two subsequent gains of perenniality occurred within a monoecious sublineage. Conclusions: Different life histories have divergent sex allocation optima and are strongly associated with different sexual systems in gnaphalioid daisies. An anomalous capitulum structure in Ifloga may have facilitated the evolution of monoecy, which in turn may be linked to the evolution of life-history diversity in the genus.	[Bergh, Nicola G.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, Compton Herbarium, Kirstenbosch Res Ctr, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa; [Bergh, Nicola G.; Verboom, G. Anthony] Univ Cape Town, Bolus Herbarium, Dept Bot, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Bergh, NG (reprint author), S African Natl Biodivers Inst, Compton Herbarium, Kirstenbosch Res Ctr, Private Bag X7, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa.	n.bergh@sanbi.org.za			Compton Herbarium (South African National Biodiversity Institute); University of Cape Town; National Research Foundation of South Africa	The authors thank C. Trisos for discussions on the biology of Ifloga; J. Slingsby for help with R software; staff of PRE and WIND herbaria for loan of material and of PRE in particular for permission to extract DNA from herbarium material of I. spicata and I. glomerata, I. and C. Jardine for locality information and material of I. decumbens; A. le Roux (Succulent Karoo Knowledge Centre) for research space and accommodation; Northern and Western Cape Nature Conservation for collecting permits; D. Gwynne-Evans, P.O. Karis, M. Koekemoer, V. Hoffmann, and T. 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J	Lewis, Z; Wedell, N; Hunt, J				Lewis, Zenobia; Wedell, Nina; Hunt, John			EVIDENCE FOR STRONG INTRALOCUS SEXUAL CONFLICT IN THE INDIAN MEAL MOTH, PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Antagonistic selection; genetic covariance matrix; intralocus sexual conflict; life-history; Plodia interpunctella	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; ONTOGENIC CONFLICT; ATTRACTIVE TRAITS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; EGG-PRODUCTION; X-CHROMOSOME; BODY-SIZE; SELECTION	Males and females share a genome and express many shared phenotypic traits, which are often selected in opposite directions. This generates intralocus sexual conflict that may constrain trait evolution by preventing the sexes from reaching their optimal phenotype. Furthermore, if present across multiple loci, intralocus sexual conflict can result in a gender load that may diminish the benefits of sexual selection and help maintain genetic variation for fitness. Despite the importance of intralocus sexual conflict, surprisingly few empirical studies conclusively demonstrate its operation. We show that the pattern of multivariate selection acting on three sexually dimorphic life-history traits (development time, body size, and longevity) in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is opposing for the sexes. Moreover, we combined our estimates of selection with the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix (G) to predict the evolutionary response of the life-history traits in the sexes and showed that the angle between the vector of responses and the vector of sexually antagonistic selection was almost orthogonal at 84.70 degrees. Thus, G biases the predicted response of life-history traits in the sexes away from the direction of sexually antagonistic selection, confirming the presence of strong intralocus sexual conflict in this species. Despite this, sexual dimorphism has evolved in all of the life-history traits examined suggesting that mechanism(s) have evolved to resolve this conflict and allow the sexes to reach their life-history optima. We argue that intralocus sexual conflict is likely to play an important role in the evolution of divergent life-history strategies between the sexes in this species.	[Lewis, Zenobia; Wedell, Nina; Hunt, John] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England	Lewis, Z (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England.	J.Hunt@exeter.ac.uk	Hunt, John/F-1279-2014	Hunt, John/0000-0002-4962-8750; Lewis, Zenobia/0000-0001-9464-7638	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Leverhulme Trust; Natural Environmental Research Council; Royal Society; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G016399/1]	We thank S. Sait, K. Kirby, T. Cameron, and M. Gage for providing insects and rearing advice, and T. Price for comments on the manuscript. S. Chenoweth and D. Punzalan also provided helpful advice on data analysis. This work was supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship (NW), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (ZL), the Leverhulme Trust (NW), Natural Environmental Research Council (NW, JH) and the Royal Society (NW, JH).	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J	Chasnov, JR				Chasnov, Jeffrey R.			EVOLUTION OF INCREASED SELF-SPERM PRODUCTION IN POSTDAUER HERMAPHRODITIC NEMATODES	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Adaptation; Caenorhabditis elegans; life-history evolution; reproductive strategies	CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS	A recent study suggests that postdauer Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites produce more self-sperm and have larger brood sizes than worms that bypass diapause. Why might natural selection favor increased self-sperm production in postdauer hermaphrodites? This question is addressed by developing an age-structured model for an exponentially growing worm population descending from a founder postdauer hermaphrodite. It is assumed that natural selection favors those founders that have the largest number of living descendants at some fixed future time. Increased self-sperm production in postdauer hermaphrodites can then evolve when the diapause-bypassing descendants suffer a higher mortality rate than their parental postdauer founders.	Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China	Chasnov, JR (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.	jeffrey.chasnov@ust.hk		Chasnov, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1573-028X	Research Grants Council, Hong Kong [600406]	I thank Zhu Weiming for his preliminary work on this problem during his Summer Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). This study was supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council, Hong Kong (Project No. 600406).	BARKER DM, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P1951, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01181.x; CASSADA RC, 1975, DEV BIOL, V46, P326, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90109-8; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CICHE T, 2007, BIOL GENOME HETERORH; Cutter AD, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P651, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01687.x; Felix MA, 2010, CURR BIOL, V20, pR965, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.050; Fisher RA, 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; Hall SE, 2010, CURR BIOL, V20, P149, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.035; HODGKIN J, 1991, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V246, P19, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1991.0119; HOTEZ P, 1993, PARASITOL TODAY, V9, P23, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90159-D; Ogawa A, 2009, CURR BIOL, V19, P67, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.063; RIDDLE D. L., 1997, C ELEGANS; Van Voorhies WA, 2005, BIOL LETTERS, V1, P247, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0278; WARD S, 1979, DEV BIOL, V73, P304, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90069-1	14	2	2	0	5	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0014-3820			EVOLUTION	Evolution	JUL	2011	65	7					2117	2122		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01272.x				6	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	788LS	WOS:000292447000025	21729065				2019-02-21	
J	Spencer, RJ; Janzen, FJ				Spencer, Ricky-John; Janzen, Fredric J.			Hatching Behavior in Turtles	INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY			English	Article							PIG-NOSED TURTLE; LIFE-HISTORY STAGE; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTOCHELYS-INSCULPTA; HATCHLING TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PREDATION RISK; REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; NOCTURNAL EMERGENCE	Incubation temperature plays a prominent role in shaping the phenotypes and fitness of embryos, including affecting developmental rates. In many taxa, including turtles, eggs are deposited in layers such that thermal gradients alter developmental rates within a nest. Despite this thermal effect, a nascent body of experimental work on environmentally cued hatching in turtles has revealed unexpected synchronicity in hatching behavior. This review discusses environmental cues for hatching, physiological mechanisms behind synchronous hatching, proximate and ultimate causes for this behavior, and future directions for research. Four freshwater turtle species have been investigated experimentally, with hatching in each species elicited by different environmental cues and responding via various physiological mechanisms. Hatching of groups of eggs in turtles apparently involves some level of embryo-embryo communication and thus is not a purely passive activity. Although turtles are not icons of complex social behavior, life-history theory predicts that the group environment of the nest can drive the evolution of environmentally cued hatching.	[Spencer, Ricky-John] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Water & Wildlife Ecol Grp WWE, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia; [Spencer, Ricky-John] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, NPAU, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia; [Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA	Spencer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Water & Wildlife Ecol Grp WWE, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia.	ricky.spencer@uws.edu.au			School of Natural Sciences at the University of Western Sydney; Division of Animal Behavior (SICB)	We are particularly grateful to K. Martin, K. Warkentin, and R. Strauthman for the invitation to present a manuscript to ICB and for organizing the symposium "Environmentally Cued Hatching across Taxa: Embryos Choose A Birthday" at the SICB 2011 annual conference. We also thank the Division of Animal Behavior (SICB) for sponsoring the symposium. This review was stimulated by valuable discussions with J. McGlashan and M. Thompson.; A research grant from the School of Natural Sciences at the University of Western Sydney supported travel to the symposium.	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J	Visser, MD; Jongejans, E; van Breugel, M; Zuidema, PA; Chen, YY; Kassim, AR; de Kroon, H				Visser, Marco D.; Jongejans, Eelke; van Breugel, Michiel; Zuidema, Pieter A.; Chen, Yu-Yun; Kassim, Abdul Rahman; de Kroon, Hans			Strict mast fruiting for a tropical dipterocarp tree: a demographic cost-benefit analysis of delayed reproduction and seed predation	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						delayed reproduction; demography; Dipterocarpaceae; elasticity; life-history evolution; plant population and community dynamics; predator satiation hypothesis; stochastic matrix model	RAIN-FOREST; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; WOODY-PLANTS; EL-NINO; RECRUITMENT; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; IMPACT	1. Masting, the production of large seed crops at intervals of several years, is a reproductive adaptation displayed by many tree species. The predator satiation hypothesis predicts that starvation of seed predators between mast years and satiation during mast years decreases seed predation and thus enhances tree regeneration. 2. Mast fruiting comes at demographic costs such as missed reproduction opportunities and increased density-dependence of recruits, but it remains unknown if predator satiation constitutes a sufficiently large benefit for masting to evolve as a viable life-history strategy. So far, no studies have quantified the net fitness consequences of masting. 3. Using a long-term demographic data set of the dipterocarp Shorea leprosula in a Malaysian forest, we constructed stochastic matrix population models and performed a demographic cost benefit analysis. 4. For observed values of mast frequency and seed predation rates, we show that strict masting strongly increases fitness compared with fruiting annually. Model results also show that the demographic costs of mast fruiting are very low compared to the demographic losses due to seed predation in a scenario of annual fruiting. Finally, we find that mast fruiting would still be selected for even at low levels of seed predation and when including additional costs such as decreased adult growth rates, limiting crop size and density-dependent seedling survival. 5. Synthesis. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the predator satiation hypothesis: mast fruiting increases fitness for a range of seed predation levels. Under seed predation pressure annually fruiting species are at a strong disadvantage and as a result a mast fruiting strategy may swiftly confer a fitness advantage. Our study shows that demographic modelling allows the weighing of fitness benefits and costs of life-history phenomena such as strict masting.	[Visser, Marco D.; van Breugel, Michiel] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6880 GB Velp, Netherlands; [Visser, Marco D.; Jongejans, Eelke; de Kroon, Hans] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Expt Plant Ecol, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands; [van Breugel, Michiel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Balboa, Ancon, Panama; [Zuidema, Pieter A.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol Ecol & Biodivers, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands; [Chen, Yu-Yun] Natl Donghwa Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Hualien 974, Taiwan; [Kassim, Abdul Rahman] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Nat Forest Div, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Visser, MD (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Van Hall Larenstein,Larensteinselaan 26A, NL-6880 GB Velp, Netherlands.	rn.visser@science.ru.nl	de Kroon, Hans/B-3359-2009; Zuidema, Pieter/C-8951-2009; Jongejans, Eelke/B-4832-2008	de Kroon, Hans/0000-0001-6151-3561; Zuidema, Pieter/0000-0001-8100-1168; Jongejans, Eelke/0000-0003-1148-7419; van Breugel, Michiel/0000-0003-2778-7803	Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [863.08.006]; HSBC; ERC [242955]; US NSF [DEB-0108388]; NSF [DEB-0075334]	We thank the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) for logistical support in the field. We are grateful for the helpful comments of four anonymous reviewers. In addition, we thank W. van der Werf, P.A. Jansen and S. Tuljapurkar for their comments and discussions. M.D.V. acknowledges funding from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute short-term fellowship program. E.J. acknowledges funding from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-veni grant, 863.08.006). M.v.B. acknowledges support from the HSBC Climate Partnership. P.A.Z. was supported by ERC grant 242955. We acknowledge S.P.Hubbell, S.J. Wright and I-Fang Sun for their effort to establish the Pasoh forest dynamics plot seed and seedling monitoring project with financial aid from US NSF (grant no.: DEB-0108388). The Pasoh forest 50-ha dynamics plot research was in part supported by NSF grant DEB-0075334 to P.S. Ashton and S.J. Davies.	Appanah S., 1985, Journal of Tropical Ecology, V1, P225; APPANAH S, 1981, Malaysian Forester, V44, P37; Ashton P. 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Ecol.	JUL	2011	99	4					1033	1044		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01825.x				12	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	788BG	WOS:000292419800016					2019-02-21	
J	Saraux, C; Chiaradia, A; Le Maho, Y; Ropert-Coudert, Y				Saraux, Claire; Chiaradia, Andre; Le Maho, Yvon; Ropert-Coudert, Yan			Everybody needs somebody: unequal parental effort in little penguins	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						attendance patterns; individual quality; meal size; parental care; reproductive costs; seabirds	BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; EUDYPTULA-MINOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BREEDING SUCCESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; PROVISIONING RULES; MANX SHEARWATERS; ADELIE PENGUINS	According to life-history theory, individuals optimize their decisions in order to maximize their fitness. This raises a conflict between parents, which need to cooperate to ensure the propagation of their genes but at the same time need to minimize the associated costs. Trading-off between benefits and costs of a reproduction is one of the major forces driving demographic trends and has shaped several different parental care strategies. Using little penguins (Eudyptula minor) as a model, we investigated whether individuals of a pair provide equal parental effort when raising offspring and whether their behavior was consistent over 8 years of contrasting resource availability. Using an automated identification system, we found that 72% of little penguin pairs exhibited unforced (i.e., that did not result from desertion of 1 parent) unequal partnership through the postguard stage. This proportion was lower in favorable years. Although being an equal pair appeared to be a better strategy, it was nonetheless the least often observed. Individuals that contributed less than their partner were not less experienced (measured by age), and gender did not explain differences between partners. Furthermore, birds that contributed little or that contributed a lot tended to be consistent in their level of contribution across years. We suggest that unequal effort during breeding may reflect differences in individual quality, and we encourage future studies on parental care to consider this consistent low and high contributor behavior when investigating differences in pair investment into its offspring.	[Chiaradia, Andre] Res Dept, Cowes, Vic 3922, Australia; [Saraux, Claire; Le Maho, Yvon; Ropert-Coudert, Yan] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, F-67087 Strasbourg, France; [Saraux, Claire; Le Maho, Yvon; Ropert-Coudert, Yan] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Unite Mixte Rech 7178, F-67087 Strasbourg, France; [Saraux, Claire] AgroParisTech ENGREF, F-75732 Paris, France	Chiaradia, A (reprint author), Res Dept, Phillip Isl Nat Pk,POB 97, Cowes, Vic 3922, Australia.	achiaradia@penguins.org.au		Saraux, Claire/0000-0001-5061-4009; Chiaradia, Andre/0000-0002-6178-4211	BHP-Billiton; Penguin Foundation; Australian Academy of Science	Grants received from BHP-Billiton, Penguin Foundation and the Australian Academy of Science.	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Ecol.	JUL-AUG	2011	22	4					837	845		10.1093/beheco/arr049				9	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	779AH	WOS:000291750000021		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Purcell, KL				Purcell, Kathryn L.			Long-term avian research at the San Joaquin Experimental Range: Recommendations for monitoring and managing oak woodlands	FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT			English	Article						Avian monitoring; Experimental forests and ranges; Life history strategies; Nest boxes; Oak woodlands; Source-sink dynamics	POINT COUNTS; CALIFORNIA QUAIL; PINE WOODLANDS; DENSITY; VARIABILITY; TRANSECTS; SUCCESS; INDEXES; DESIGN; TRENDS	Experimental forests and ranges are living laboratories that provide opportunities for conducting scientific research and transferring research results to partners and stakeholders. They are invaluable for their long-term data and capacity to foster collaborative, interdisciplinary research. The San Joaquin Experimental Range (SJER) was established to develop appropriate land management practices on foothill rangelands in California. SJER has a long and rich history of avian research. Natural history observations recorded since 1935 demonstrate that oak woodlands are one of the most diverse habitat types in North America. Early avian studies focused on California quail (Callipepla californica) as a game species and led to insights on quail diet and habitat requirements. Starting in the late 1970s, the focus of avian research shifted to methods for detecting changes in wildlife populations over time and response to management practices. This research has led to important recommendations for implementing bird monitoring programs. Using data collected on bird numbers, in conjunction with monitoring reproductive success of all species, recent studies have examined life history strategies, source-sink dynamics, the effects of livestock grazing, and the impacts of an invasive species on native cavity-nesting species. We are currently in the process of examining population trends and predicting the effects of climate change using long-term data. SJER continues to provide unique opportunities for research and educational activities that increase our understanding of the foothill oak woodlands of California. Published by Elsevier B.V.	US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA	Purcell, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA.	kpurcell@fs.fed.us	Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016		U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Fresno	We thank those who had the vision and foresight to create an experimental area dedicated to learning how to better manage California's foothill oak woodlands. I am ever grateful to Jerry Verner for envisioning and initiating this work, especially the still ongoing point count monitoring. We are deeply indebted to the many field assistants who have helped us collect these data. Sylvia Mori provided help with statistical analyses. 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J	Medina-Roldan, E; Bardgett, RD				Medina-Roldan, Eduardo; Bardgett, Richard D.			Plant and soil responses to defoliation: a comparative study of grass species with contrasting life history strategies	PLANT AND SOIL			English	Article						Defoliation; Microbial biomass; Grassland; Nitrogen cycling; Herbivory; Life history strategies	MICROBIAL BIOMASS; EXTRACTION METHOD; UPLAND GRASSLAND; LOLIUM-PERENNE; FESTUCA-RUBRA; TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS; GRAZING ECOSYSTEM; CARBON ALLOCATION; NARDUS-STRICTA; NITROGEN	The overall aim of this study was to test for inter-species variation in plant and soil responses to defoliation among a broad range of temperate grass species and life-history strategies. We used a microcosm experiment where a range of grass species differing in life history traits were subjected to different intensities of defoliation, and a range of aboveground and belowground plant and soil responses were measured. All plant attributes, including accumulated shoot biomass, root biomass and root length, showed a strong negative response to defoliation, although plant species exhibited subtle differences in the way that they responded to increased severity of defoliation. Defoliation also exerted a strong influence on soil properties, decreasing soil microbial carbon (C) and the soil microbial C:nitrogen (N) ratio, and increasing inorganic N availability and potential N mineralisation across all species. Despite the wide range in life history strategies, plant species did not differ in their influence on most of the soil variables, except for the rate of nitrate mineralisation, which was lowest under plant species that displayed the least relative detrimental responses to defoliation. Collectively, our results suggest that plant and soil responses to defoliation are reasonably consistent across a broad range of grass species, with only subtle inter-specific differences among species.	[Medina-Roldan, Eduardo; Bardgett, Richard D.] Univ Lancaster, Soil & Ecosyst Ecol Lab, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England	Medina-Roldan, E (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Soil & Ecosyst Ecol Lab, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.	e.medina@lancaster.ac.uk			Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT)	We are grateful to the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the doctoral scholarship granted to EMR, to Helen Quirk for technical advice in the laboratory and to Jorge Paz-Ferreiro and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.	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J	Hubbeling, D				Hubbeling, Dieneke			Life history theory as a possible explanation for teenage pregnancy	PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE			English	Letter							INEQUALITY		SW London & St Georges Mental Hlth NHS Trust, Springfield Univ Hosp, London, England	Hubbeling, D (reprint author), SW London & St Georges Mental Hlth NHS Trust, Springfield Univ Hosp, London, England.	dieneke@doctors.org.uk					Geronimus AT, 1999, SOC SCI MED, V49, P1623, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00246-4; Hill K, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P397, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.397; Nettle D, 2010, AM J HUM BIOL, V22, P172, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20970; Webb RT, 2011, PSYCHOL MED, V41, P1867, DOI 10.1017/S0033291711000055; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	5	0	0	0	9	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0033-2917			PSYCHOL MED	Psychol. Med.	JUL	2011	41	7					1564	1564		10.1017/S0033291711000651				1	Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology	Psychology; Psychiatry	780KL	WOS:000291854700024	21557894	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Webb, RT; Abel, KM				Webb, Roger T.; Abel, Kathryn M.			Life history theory as a possible explanation for teenage pregnancy reply	PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE			English	Letter							EXPECTANCY		[Webb, Roger T.; Abel, Kathryn M.] Univ Manchester, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England	Webb, RT (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.	roger.webb@manchester.ac.uk		Webb, Roger/0000-0001-8532-2647; Abel, Kathryn M/0000-0003-3538-8896			Boldsen JL, 1992, INT J ANTHR, V7, P1; Hobcraft J, 2001, BRIT J SOCIOL, V52, P495; Leyland AH, 2004, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V58, P296, DOI 10.1136/jech.2003.007278; Raleigh VS, 1997, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V51, P649, DOI 10.1136/jech.51.6.649; Seamark CJ, 1997, BRIT J GEN PRACT, V47, P175; WHAN EH, 2005, HEALTH CARE WOMEN IN, V26, P591; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	7	0	0	0	5	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0033-2917			PSYCHOL MED	Psychol. Med.	JUL	2011	41	7					1564	1565						2	Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology	Psychology; Psychiatry	780KL	WOS:000291854700025					2019-02-21	
J	Roksandic, M; Armstrong, SD				Roksandic, Mirjana; Armstrong, Stephanie D.			Using the Life History Model to Set the Stage(s) of Growth and Senescence in Bioarchaeology and Paleodemography	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						skeletal biology; paleodemography; life history theory; bioarchaeology	TOOTH CEMENTUM ANNULATION; SKELETAL AGE; DEATH DISTRIBUTIONS; DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; AURICULAR SURFACE; EVOLUTION; MORTALITY; MENARCHE; POPULATIONS; DEMOGRAPHY	Paleodemography, the study of demographic parameters of past human populations, relies on assumptions including biological uniformitarianism, stationary populations, and the ability to determine point age estimates from skeletal material. These assumptions have been widely criticized in the literature and various solutions have been proposed. The majority of these solutions rely on statistical modeling, and have not seen widespread application. Most bioarchaeologists recognize that our ability to assess chronological age is inherently limited, and have instead resorted to large, qualitative, age categories. However, there has been little attempt in the literature to systematize and define the stages of development and ageing used in bioarchaeology. We propose that stages should be based in the human life history pattern, and their skeletal markers should have easily defined and clear endpoints. In addition to a standard five-stage developmental model based on the human life history pattern, current among human biologists, we suggest divisions within the adult stage that recognize the specific nature of skeletal samples. We therefore propose the following eight stages recognizable in human skeletal development and senescence: infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, full adulthood, mature adulthood, and senile adulthood. Striving toward a better prediction of chronological ages will remain important and could eventually help us understand to what extent past societies differed in the timing of these life stages. Furthermore, paleodemographers should try to develop methods that rely on the type of age information accessible from the skeletal material, which uses life stages, rather than point age estimates. Am J Phys Anthropol 145: 337-347, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Roksandic, Mirjana] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Anthropol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada; [Armstrong, Stephanie D.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Anthropol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada	Roksandic, M (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Anthropol, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.	m.roksandic@uwinnipeg.ca		Roksandic, Mirjana/0000-0003-0291-6357; Mowat, Stephanie/0000-0003-4840-6221	SSHRC [861-2009-0071]; NSERC-USRA	Grant sponsor: SSHRC; Grant number: 861-2009-0071; Grant sponsor: NSERC-USRA.	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JUL	2011	145	3					337	347		10.1002/ajpa.21508				11	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	781QX	WOS:000291949700001	21469078				2019-02-21	
J	Robillard, MM; McLaughlin, RL; Mackereth, RW				Robillard, Melissa M.; McLaughlin, Robert L.; Mackereth, Robert W.			Diversity in Habitat Use and Trophic Ecology of Brook Trout in Lake Superior and Tributary Streams Revealed Through Stable Isotopes	TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; PARTIAL MIGRATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SOCIAL-STATUS; NIPIGON BAY; BROWN TROUT	Two distinct types of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis have been hypothesized to occur in Lake Superior: large fish that inhabit Lake Superior for much of the year but spawn in tributary streams, and small fish that are resident in tributary streams. The lake type has declined markedly in range and abundance, and a greater understanding of the behavior and ecology of these populations is needed to support conservation efforts. Comparisons of stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) signatures between fish caught in the lake and those captured in streams supported the hypothesis of relatively distinct types differing in habitat use and trophic ecology. Comparisons of delta C-13 values for brook trout, other fishes, and aquatic invertebrates collected from stream, stream-mouth, and lake habitats suggested that large-type brook trout are lake specialists, whereas small-type brook trout are stream specialists, stream-lake generalists, or some mixture of the two. Delineating the diversity in habitat use and trophic ecology of Lake Superior brook trout represents a crucial initial step toward understanding the mechanisms responsible for the observed phenotypic diversity and for developing science-based plans to conserve or restore this diversity.	[Robillard, Melissa M.; McLaughlin, Robert L.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Mackereth, Robert W.] Lakehead Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ctr No Forest Ecosyst Res, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada	Robillard, MM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.	mrobilla@uoguelph.ca			OMNR; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council	This project was conducted in partnership with the Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research (OMNR Applied Research and Development Branch). We thank J. George, K. Cullis, M. Chase, and R. Swainson (OMNR) and staff at the Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research for field and technical support; R. Cunjak (Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick) for providing advice in interpreting the stable isotope analyses and for reviewing this manuscript; T. Jardine (Canadian Rivers Institute) for guidance in stable isotope analysis interpretation; C. Coppaway and R. Bobrowski for assistance in the field; and the Moore, Dupuis, and Ray families for logistical support. Funding was provided by OMNR through the Canada-Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Fishery Research Program, a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Postgraduate Scholarship to M. M. R., and a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant to R. L. M. All research was conducted in accordance with Animal Utilization Protocol Number 05R070 (University of Guelph).	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Am. Fish. Soc.	JUL	2011	140	4					943	953		10.1080/00028487.2011.601219				11	Fisheries	Fisheries	836VH	WOS:000296142700006					2019-02-21	
J	Mitgutsch, C; Wimmer, C; Sanchez-Villagra, MR; Hahnloser, R; Schneider, RA				Mitgutsch, Christian; Wimmer, Corinne; Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Hahnloser, Richard; Schneider, Richard A.			Timing of Ossification in Duck, Quail, and Zebra Finch: Intraspecific Variation, Heterochronies, and Life History Evolution	ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE			English	Article						Aves; comparative embryology; evolution of development; intraspecific variation; ossification sequence; sequence heterochrony; skeletogenesis	CRANIAL NEURAL-CREST; ANALYZING DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCES; MARSUPIAL-PLACENTAL DICHOTOMY; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA REPTILIA; PYXICEPHALUS-ADSPERSUS ANURA; BIRDS AVES PALAEOGNATHAE; SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; PRECOCIAL BIRDS; CELL-MIGRATION	Skeletogenic heterochronies have gained much attention in comparative developmental biology. The temporal appearance of mineralized individual bones in a species - the species ossification sequence - is an excellent marker in this kind of study. Several publications describe interspecific variation, but only very few detail intraspecific variation. In this study, we describe and analyze the temporal order of ossification of skeletal elements in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, and the White Pekin duck, a domestic race of the mallard Anas platyrhynchos, and explore patterns of intraspecific variation in these events. The overall sequences were found to be conserved. In the duck, variability is present in the relative timing of ossification in the occipital, the basisphenoid and the otic regions of the skull and the phalanges in the postcranium. This variation appears generally in close temporal proximity. Comparison with previously published data shows differences in ossification sequence in the skull, the feet, and the pelvis in the duck, and especially the pelvis in the quail. This clearly documents variability among different breeds.	[Schneider, Richard A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Mitgutsch, Christian; Wimmer, Corinne; Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.] Univ Zurich, Palaontol Inst, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland; [Hahnloser, Richard] Univ Zurich, ETH Zurich, Inst Neuroinformat, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Schneider, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 513 Parnassus Ave,S-1161, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.	rich.schneider@ucsf.edu		Schneider, Richard/0000-0002-2626-3111	Swiss National Fond; NIDCR [R03 DE014795, R01 DE016402]; NIAMS [R21 AR052513]	This work was supported by the Swiss National Fond to MRS-V and by NIDCR R03 DE014795, R01 DE016402, and NIAMS R21 AR052513 to RAS. We thank the Palaeontological Department of the University of Zurich and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the University of California at San Francisco for support and Jasmina Hugi, Daisuke Koyabu, Morana Mihaljevic, Laura B. Wilson, Christian Kolb, James Neenan, Torsten Scheyer, Ingmar Werneburg, and the members of the Schneider-lab for comments and discussion. Kristin Butcher is thanked for help in handling the duck and quail specimens. Michael K. Richardson and Merijn de Bakker, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, are thanked for generously making additional zebra finch embryos available. Christopher-Zollikofer and Naoki Morimoto, University of Zurich, kindly made available the micro-CT facilities and supervised their use. Part of this study has been presented as a Master's Thesis by CW.	ADRIAENS D, 1998, Can J Fish Aquat Sci, V235, P351; Balanoff AM, 2007, J VERTEBR PALEONTOL, V27, P1, DOI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1:ODOAES]2.0.CO;2; Bininda-Emonds Olaf R. 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Sci.	JUL	2011	28	7					491	500		10.2108/zsj.28.491				10	Zoology	Zoology	782YQ	WOS:000292049100004	21728797	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Wilson, S; Martin, K				Wilson, Scott; Martin, Kathy			Life-history and demographic variation in an alpine specialist at the latitudinal extremes of the range	POPULATION ECOLOGY			English	Article						Lagopus leucura; Population growth; Reproductive ecology; Seasonality; Survival; White-tailed ptarmigan	WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN; CLUTCH-SIZE VARIATION; EGG SIZE; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTIVE COSTS; BREEDING SUCCESS; CHICK SURVIVAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEST SURVIVAL	Alpine environments are unique systems to examine variation in life-history strategies because temperature and seasonality are similar across broad latitudinal gradients. We studied the life-history strategies, demography and population growth of white-tailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucura, an alpine specialist, at the latitudinal extremes of the range in the Yukon (YK, studied from 2004 to 2008) and Colorado (CO, 1987-1996). The two populations were separated by 2,400 km of latitude, and the Yukon site was approximately 2,000 m lower in elevation than the Colorado site. Yukon females bred on average 9 days earlier than those in Colorado, but the latter study was conducted 15 years earlier and breeding dates may have advanced over this period. The length of the breeding season was similar between the two populations, and females had comparable probabilities of re-nesting after failure. The two populations differed in how they allocated effort to the first clutch as Yukon females laid larger clutches (7.1 vs. 5.9 eggs) but smaller eggs (18.8 vs. 20.5 g) than those in Colorado. Demographic rates also differed; nest survival was higher in the Yukon (0.40) than in Colorado (0.24), and the resultant annual fecundity was nearly twice as high in the Yukon (3.92 vs. 1.77 chicks/female). In contrast, annual adult survival was higher in Colorado although the confidence intervals overlapped (females: YK = 0.35, CO = 0.44; males: YK = 0.48, CO = 0.59). Estimates of annual population growth (lambda) indicated both populations were declining, especially in Colorado (lambda (YK) = 0.83, lambda (CO) = 0.66), and thus, dispersal movements are likely key to long-term persistence in both cases. Our findings suggest that breeding-season temperature and seasonality affect measures related to timing of reproduction, but not the costs and benefits of clutch and egg size.	[Wilson, Scott] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA; [Martin, Kathy] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Martin, Kathy] Environm Canada, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada	Wilson, S (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada.	scottd.wilson@ec.gc.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Environment Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; British Columbia Upland Birds Society; Calgary Bird Banding Society; UBC Department of Forestry; Izaak Walton Killam and University	We thank the many able field assistants who helped collect data in the field during these two studies, including D. Chalmers, A. Clason, S. Nouvet, G. Pelchat, A. Wilson and M. Wong for the Yukon study, and T. Artiss, L. Robb, K. Wiebe and many undergraduates for the Colorado study. We thank D. S. Hik, A. and S. Williams, and L. Goodwin for providing logistical support at Pika Camp and the Arctic Institute of North America at Kluane Lake, YK, Canada. C. E. Braun, Colorado Division of Wildlife (Fort Collins, CO, USA) provided critical logistical assistance for the duration of the Colorado study, and M. Mossop and L. Robb provided able technical assistance. Funding for the research on both sites was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; Discovery Grant, Northern Research Supplement, International Polar Year) and Environment Canada support to KM, and NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship, Northern Scientific Training Program, British Columbia Upland Birds Society, Calgary Bird Banding Society, UBC Department of Forestry, and Izaak Walton Killam and University Graduate Fellowships to SW. We thank Cameron Aldridge and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments in revising this manuscript.	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Ecol.	JUL	2011	53	3					459	471		10.1007/s10144-011-0261-x				13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	774NL	WOS:000291393200005					2019-02-21	
J	Dunkel, CS; Mathes, E; Harbke, C				Dunkel, Curtis S.; Mathes, Eugene; Harbke, Colin			Life history strategy, identity consolidation, and psychological well-being	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Life history; Identity; Well-being	CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; SELF-CONCEPT; K-FACTOR; HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE; FIT INDEXES; PERSONALITY; VALIDATION; COVITALITY; VALIDITY; MODELS	Previous research has shown that individual differences in life history strategies co-vary with a large array of variables to the extent that latent variables from a number of psychological measures load on a single (Super-K) factor. Similar to research on the Super-K factor, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that various measures of identity would load on a single factor and that this latent variable would in turn be associated with other variables reflecting life history strategy and psychological well-being, making a Super-K factor. A sample of 248 university students were administered a variety of questionnaires related to identity, life history strategy, and psychological well-being. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed the hypothesized Super-K factor and the relationship remained even when controlling for variance in social-desirable responding. The results are discussed in terms of the association between Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and life history theory. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Dunkel, Curtis S.; Mathes, Eugene; Harbke, Colin] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Wagonner Hall, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	c-dunkel@wiu.edu					Ashton MC, 2009, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V13, P79, DOI 10.1177/1088868309338467; Backstrom M, 2009, J RES PERS, V43, P335, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.013; Bentler P. M, 2004, EQS 6 STRUCTURAL EQU; BENTLER PM, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V107, P238, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.107.2.238; BENTLER PM, 1980, PSYCHOL BULL, V88, P588, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238; BERZONSKY MD, 1992, IDENTITY SYTLE UNPUB; BUSS DM, 1995, PSYCHOL INQ, V6, P1, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0601_1; Cote J. E., 1997, J ADOLESCENCE, V20, P421; DIENER E, 1985, J PERS ASSESS, V49, P71, DOI 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13; Dunkel CS, 2005, IDENTITY, V5, P21, DOI 10.1207/s1532706xid0501_2; Dunkel CS, 2010, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V8, P492; Dunkel CS, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P681, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.014; Dunkel CS, 2009, REV GEN PSYCHOL, V13, P13, DOI 10.1037/a0013687; Erikson E.H., 1968, IDENTITY YOUTH CRISI; Erikson E. H., 1950, CHILDHOOD SOC; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; Gladden PR, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P731, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.016; GLADDEN PR, 2008, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V46, P270, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.PAID.2008.10.010; Graham J, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V96, P1029, DOI 10.1037/a0015141; Hu LT, 1999, STRUCT EQU MODELING, V6, P1, DOI 10.1080/10705519909540118; Kendrick DT, 2010, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V5, P292; MARCIA JE, 1966, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V3, P551, DOI 10.1037/h0023281; Markstrom CA, 1997, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V26, P705, DOI 10.1023/A:1022348709532; MARSH HW, 1988, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V80, P366, DOI 10.1037/0022-0663.80.3.366; MARSH HW, 1987, J EDUC MEAS, V24, P17, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1987.tb00259.x; MARSH HW, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V97, P562, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562; McCullough ME, 2002, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V82, P112, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.112; OCHSE R, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V50, P1240, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1240; PROMISLOW DEL, 1991, ACTA OECOL, V12, P119; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; RINDSKOPF D, 1988, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V23, P51, DOI 10.1207/s15327906mbr2301_3; Rosenberg M, 1965, SOC ADOLESCENT SELF; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; Schwartz SJ, 2010, AM J HEALTH BEHAV, V34, P214; Schwartz SJ, 2007, IDENTITY, V7, P27, DOI 10.1080/15283480701319583; Sefcek J. A., 2010, BIODEMOGRAPHY SOCIAL, V56, P41; Watson D., 1994, MANUAL POSITIVE NEGA	41	12	12	2	19	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	JUL	2011	51	1					34	38		10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.005				5	Psychology, Social	Psychology	762UG	WOS:000290506300006					2019-02-21	
J	Rubio-Rocha, LC				Rubio-Rocha, Laura C.			CONTINUOUS REPRODUCTION UNDER A BIMODAL PRECIPITATION REGIME IN A HIGH ELEVATION ANOLE (ANOLIS MARIARUM) FROM ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA	CALDASIA			English	Article						Bimodal precipitacion; Climatic equator; Polychrotidae; reproductive cycles; sexual maturity	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; MATURITY; LIZARDS; SIZE; POPULATION; LIMIFRONS; AGE; POLYCHROTIDAE; PREDATION	Reproductive activity was studied in two populations of Anolis mariarum during rainy and dry season months in the Antioquia department of Colombia. Minimum size at maturity was comparable at the two sites for both males (37-39 mm SVL) and females (44 mm SVL). At the population level, reproduction was continuous, with the majority of adult males and females reproductively active even during the dry season months. Juvenile size distributions also were uniform across seasons, consistent with the conclusion that recruitment is not pulsed in these populations. However, there was some evidence that certain females may lower their reproductive rates during the dry season, especially at the site receiving the least total annual precipitation (1700 mm). These results further support accumulating evidence that populations of Anolis species inhabiting the climatic equator region, where the annual precipitation regime is bimodal, are capable of maintaining continuous reproduction even when annual precipitation amounts are relatively low. In contrast, Anolis populations in areas receiving comparable amounts of annual precipitation during a single rainy season tend to cease reproductive activity during the longer dry season each year.	[Rubio-Rocha, Laura C.] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali, Colombia; [Rubio-Rocha, Laura C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA	Rubio-Rocha, LC (reprint author), Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Edificio 320,Ciudadela Univ Melendez, Cali, Colombia.	lacaruro@gmail.com			Comite para la Investigacion CODI of the Universidad de Antioquia; IDEA WILD	This project was supported with a Sustainability Grant from the Comite para la Investigacion CODI of the Universidad de Antioquia and a grant from IDEA WILD. We would like to thank E. Alzate for assistance with the field work and the Alzate-Otalvaro family for offering housing at the San Antonio de Prado site.	Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; Ardila-Marin DA, 2008, CALDASIA, V30, P151; ANDREWS R, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P1317, DOI 10.2307/1935459; Andrews R.M., 1983, P441; ANDREWS RM, 1979, COPEIA, P620; ANDREWS RM, 1981, ECOLOGY, V62, P556, DOI 10.2307/1937721; ANDREWS RM, 1989, COPEIA, P751, DOI 10.2307/1445508; Bock Brian C., 2010, Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo), V50, P43, DOI 10.1590/S0031-10492010000300001; Bock BC, 2009, REV BIOL TROP, V57, P1253; Borchert R, 2005, NATURE, V433, P627, DOI 10.1038/nature03259; CHARNOV EL, 1990, EVOL ECOL, V4, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF02214335; ESTRADA E, 2002, ATLAS HIST VERTEBADO; FLEMING TH, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P1243, DOI 10.2307/1934695; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; GARCIA-COLLAZO R., 1993, B SOC HERPETOLOGICA, V5, P51; HUEY RB, 1977, COPEIA, P373, DOI 10.2307/1443919; LAW R, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P1; Magana V, 1999, J CLIMATE, V12, P1577, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1577:TMDOMA>2.0.CO;2; Paez V. P., 2002, GUIA CAMPO ALGUNAS E; Palacio Baena J. A., 2006, ANFIBIOS REPTILES VA; PASSEK KM, 2002, THESIS VIRGINIA POLY; Poe Steven, 2004, Herpetological Monographs, P37; PRATT NC, 1994, ANIM BEHAV, V47, P1101, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1148; RAMIREZ MP, 1991, TRIANEA, V4, P513; Ramirez-Bautista A, 1997, HERPETOLOGICA, V53, P423; RAND AS, 1982, ECOLOGY TROPICAL FOR, P47; REZNICK D, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1236, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05493.x; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; RUBIOR LC, 2009, THESIS U VALLE CALI; Serrano-Cardozo Victor Hugo, 2007, South American Journal of Herpetology, V2, P31, DOI 10.2994/1808-9798(2007)2[31:ARAOGA]2.0.CO;2; SHINE R, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P1696, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02675.x; Small RJO, 2007, J CLIMATE, V20, P4853, DOI 10.1175/JCLI4261.1; Stamps J, 1997, EVOL ECOL, V11, P21, DOI 10.1023/A:1018479312191; StatSoft Inc., 2007, STATISTICA DAT AN SO; TOKARZ RR, 1995, HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, NO 9, 1995, P17, DOI 10.2307/1466994; VITT LJ, 1986, COPEIA, P773, DOI 10.2307/1444960; Vitt LJ, 2009, HERPETOLOGY; Watling JI, 2005, J HERPETOL, V39, P341, DOI 10.1670/80-02A.1	38	1	1	0	3	INST CIENCIAS NATURALES, MUSEO HISTORIA NATURAL	BOGOTA	FAC CIENCIAS, UNIV NACIONAL COLOMBIA, APARTADO 7495, BOGOTA, 00000, COLOMBIA	0366-5232			CALDASIA	Caldasia	JUN 30	2011	33	1					91	104						14	Plant Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Zoology	Plant Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Zoology	824JJ	WOS:000295197900006		DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
J	April, J; Mayden, RL; Hanner, RH; Bernatchez, L				April, Julien; Mayden, Richard L.; Hanner, Robert H.; Bernatchez, Louis			Genetic calibration of species diversity among North America's freshwater fishes	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						DNA barcoding; cytochrome c oxidase I; biodiversity; evolutionarily significant units; aquatic ecosystem	LAMPETRA-PLANERI BLOCH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONSERVATION STATUS; UNITED-STATES; LAMPREYS; TELEOSTEI; BARCODES; SPECIATION; BROOK; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY	Freshwater ecosystems are being heavily exploited and degraded by human activities all over the world, including in North America, where fishes and fisheries are strongly affected. Despite centuries of taxonomic inquiry, problems inherent to species identification continue to hamper the conservation of North American freshwater fishes. Indeed, nearly 10% of species diversity is thought to remain undescribed. To provide an independent calibration of taxonomic uncertainty and to establish a more accessible molecular identification key for its application, we generated a standard reference library of mtDNA sequences (DNA barcodes) derived from expert-identified museum specimens for 752 North American freshwater fish species. This study demonstrates that 90% of known species can be delineated using barcodes. Moreover, it reveals numerous genetic discontinuities indicative of independently evolving lineages within described species, which points to the presence of morphologically cryptic diversity. From the 752 species analyzed, our survey flagged 138 named species that represent as many as 347 candidate species, which suggests a 28% increase in species diversity. In contrast, several species of parasitic and nonparasitic lampreys lack such discontinuity and may represent alternative life history strategies within single species. Therefore, it appears that the current North American freshwater fish taxonomy at the species level significantly conceals diversity in some groups, although artificially creating diversity in others. In addition to providing an easily accessible digital identification system, this study identifies 151 fish species for which taxonomic revision is required.	[April, Julien; Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, Inst Biol Integrat & Syst, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Mayden, Richard L.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA; [Hanner, Robert H.] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	April, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Inst Biol Integrat & Syst, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.	julien.april.1@ulaval.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada	We thank the following people for their valuable help in collecting samples: David Ward from Arizona Game and Fish; Tom Near and Benjamin Keck from the Peabody Museum of Natural History; Christian Smith from the Abernathy Fish Technology Center; Paul Rister from the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; John Lyons from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum; and Larry M. Page, Rob Robins, and Molly Phillips from the Florida Museum of Natural History. We also thank Miranda G. Haskins for assistance in subsampling biological material and Heather Braid for assistance in generating DNA sequences. We are grateful to Paul Hebert for his support and interest throughout the present study. We also thank the editor and three anonymous referees for their very constructive and useful comments. This research is a contribution to the research program of Quebec Ocean and was supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and other sponsors (listed at http://www.BOLNET.ca).	ABELL R. A., 2000, FRESHWATER ECOREGION; Alroy J, 2000, PALEOBIOLOGY, V26, P707, DOI 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0707:NMFQMP>2.0.CO;2; Avise J. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	JUN 28	2011	108	26					10602	10607		10.1073/pnas.1016437108				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	785SX	WOS:000292251000048	21670289	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Boyd, R; Richerson, PJ; Henrich, J				Boyd, Robert; Richerson, Peter J.; Henrich, Joseph			The cultural niche: Why social learning is essential for human adaptation	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						cognitive niche; cultural evolution; human evolution; human adaptation; intelligence	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TRANSMISSION; COEVOLUTION; OVERIMITATION; INTELLIGENCE; PREFERENCE	In the last 60,000 y humans have expanded across the globe and now occupy a wider range than any other terrestrial species. Our ability to successfully adapt to such a diverse range of habitats is often explained in terms of our cognitive ability. Humans have relatively bigger brains and more computing power than other animals, and this allows us to figure out how to live in a wide range of environments. Here we argue that humans may be smarter than other creatures, but none of us is nearly smart enough to acquire all of the information necessary to survive in any single habitat. In even the simplest foraging societies, people depend on a vast array of tools, detailed bodies of local knowledge, and complex social arrangements and often do not understand why these tools, beliefs, and behaviors are adaptive. We owe our success to our uniquely developed ability to learn from others. This capacity enables humans to gradually accumulate information across generations and develop well-adapted tools, beliefs, and practices that are too complex for any single individual to invent during their lifetime.	[Boyd, Robert] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Richerson, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Henrich, Joseph] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Henrich, Joseph] Univ British Columbia, Dept Econ, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Boyd, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.	rboyd@anthro.ucla.edu; pjricherson@ucdavis.edu; henrich@psych.ubc.ca			National Institutes of Health [RC1TW008631-02]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research	We thank Clark Barrett for very useful comments on a previous draft of this article, and two anonymous referees for their help. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant RC1TW008631-02 (to R.B.) and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (J.H.).	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J	Rohlenova, K; Morand, S; Hyrsl, P; Tolarova, S; Flajshans, M; Simkova, A				Rohlenova, Karolina; Morand, Serge; Hyrsl, Pavel; Tolarova, Sona; Flajshans, Martin; Simkova, Andrea			Are fish immune systems really affected by parasites? an immunoecological study of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)	PARASITES & VECTORS			English	Article							CHUB LEUCISCUS-CEPHALUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RUTILUS-RUTILUS; INNATE IMMUNITY; LIFE-HISTORY; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; GONADAL MATURATION; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS	Background: The basic function of the immune system is to protect an organism against infection in order to minimize the fitness costs of being infected. According to life-history theory, energy resources are in a trade-off between the costly demands of immunity and other physiological demands. Concerning fish, both physiology and immunity are influenced by seasonal changes (i.e. temporal variation) associated to the changes of abiotic factors (such as primarily water temperature) and interactions with pathogens and parasites. In this study, we investigated the potential associations between the physiology and immunocompetence of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected during five different periods of a given year. Our sampling included the periods with temporal variability and thus, it presented a different level in exposure to parasites. We analyzed which of two factors, seasonality or parasitism, had the strongest impact on changes in fish physiology and immunity. Results: We found that seasonal changes play a key role in affecting the analyzed measurements of physiology, immunity and parasitism. The correlation analysis revealed the relationships between the measures of overall host physiology, immunity and parasite load when temporal variability effect was removed. When analyzing separately parasite groups with different life-strategies, we found that fish with a worse condition status were infected more by monogeneans, representing the most abundant parasite group. The high infection by cestodes seems to activate the phagocytes. A weak relationship was found between spleen size and abundance of trematodes when taking into account seasonal changes. Conclusions: Even if no direct trade-off between the measures of host immunity and physiology was confirmed when taking into account the seasonality, it seems that seasonal variability affects host immunity and physiology through energy allocation in a trade-off between life important functions, especially reproduction and fish condition. Host immunity measures were not found to be in a trade-off with the investigated physiological traits or functions, but we confirmed the immunosuppressive role of 11-ketotestosterone on fish immunity measured by complement activity. We suggest that the different parasite life-strategies influence different aspects of host physiology and activate the different immunity pathways.	[Rohlenova, Karolina; Simkova, Andrea] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; [Morand, Serge] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IRD, Inst Evolutionary Sci, F-34095 Montpellier, France; [Hyrsl, Pavel; Tolarova, Sona] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Expt Biol, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; [Flajshans, Martin] Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Res Inst Fish Culture & Hydrobiol Vodnany, Ceske Budejovice 38925, Czech Republic	Simkova, A (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, Kotlarska 2, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.	simkova@sci.muni.cz	Hyrsl, Pavel/N-3371-2017; Morand, Serge/M-5433-2018	Hyrsl, Pavel/0000-0002-4266-5727; Morand, Serge/0000-0003-3986-7659	Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [524/07/0188]; Ministry of Education [MSM6007665809]; Ichthyoparasitology Research Centre of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LC 522]; MU; Masaryk University [MSM0021622416]	This study was funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project No. 524/07/0188. MF was also supported by the Ministry of Education project MSM6007665809. KR was funded by the Ichthyoparasitology Research Centre of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic LC 522 and partially by the Rector's Programme in Support of MU Students' Creative Activities. 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J	Cruaud, A; Jabbour-Zahab, R; Genson, G; Kjellberg, F; Kobmoo, N; van Noort, S; Yang, DR; Peng, YQ; Ubaidillah, R; Hanson, PE; Santos-Mattos, O; Farache, FHA; Pereira, RAS; Kerdelhue, C; Rasplus, JY				Cruaud, Astrid; Jabbour-Zahab, Roula; Genson, Gwenaelle; Kjellberg, Finn; Kobmoo, Noppol; van Noort, Simon; Yang Da-Rong; Peng Yan-Qiong; Ubaidillah, Rosichon; Hanson, Paul E.; Santos-Mattos, Otilene; Farache, Fernando H. A.; Pereira, Rodrigo A. S.; Kerdelhue, Carole; Rasplus, Jean-Yves			Phylogeny and evolution of life-history strategies in the Sycophaginae non-pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article							ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; SECONDARY STRUCTURAL MODEL; EXPANSION SEGMENTS D2; MALE DIMORPHISM; NEW-WORLD; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; SEXUAL SELECTION; MATE COMPETITION; MALE MORPHOLOGY; MATING TACTICS	Background: Non-pollinating Sycophaginae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) form small communities within Urostigma and Sycomorus fig trees. The species show differences in galling habits and exhibit apterous, winged or dimorphic males. The large gall inducers oviposit early in syconium development and lay few eggs; the small gall inducers lay more eggs soon after pollination; the ostiolar gall-inducers enter the syconium to oviposit and the cleptoparasites oviposit in galls induced by other fig wasps. The systematics of the group remains unclear and only one phylogeny based on limited sampling has been published to date. Here we present an expanded phylogeny for sycophagine fig wasps including about 1.5 times the number of described species. We sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear markers (4.2 kb) on 73 species and 145 individuals and conducted maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. We then used this phylogeny to reconstruct the evolution of Sycophaginae life-history strategies and test if the presence of winged males and small brood size may be correlated. Results: The resulting trees are well resolved and strongly supported. With the exception of Apocrytophagus, which is paraphyletic with respect to Sycophaga, all genera are monophyletic. The Sycophaginae are divided into three clades: (i) Eukoebelea; (ii) Pseudidarnes, Anidarnes and Conidarnes and (iii) Apocryptophagus, Sycophaga and Idarnes. The ancestral states for galling habits and male morphology remain ambiguous and our reconstructions show that the two traits are evolutionary labile. Conclusions: The three main clades could be considered as tribes and we list some morphological characters that define them. The same biologies re-evolved several times independently, which make Sycophaginae an interesting model to test predictions on what factors will canalize the evolution of a particular biology. The ostiolar gallinducers are the only monophyletic group. In 15 Myr, they evolved several morphological adaptations to enter the syconia that make them strongly divergent from their sister taxa. Sycophaginae appears to be another example where sexual selection on male mating opportunities favored winged males in species with small broods and wingless males in species with large broods. However, some species are exceptional in that they lay few eggs but exhibit apterous males, which we hypothesize could be due to other selective pressures selecting against the reappearance of winged morphs.	[Cruaud, Astrid; Jabbour-Zahab, Roula; Genson, Gwenaelle; Kerdelhue, Carole; Rasplus, Jean-Yves] INRA IRD CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro, INRA UMR Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France; [Kjellberg, Finn; Kobmoo, Noppol] CNRS UMR Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France; [van Noort, Simon] S African Museum, Nat Hist Div, Iziko Museums Cape Town, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa; [Yang Da-Rong; Peng Yan-Qiong] Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China; [Ubaidillah, Rosichon] Biol Res Ctr, Museum Zool Bogoriense, Entomol Lab, Div Zool,LIPI, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; [Hanson, Paul E.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica; [Santos-Mattos, Otilene] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69060001 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; [Farache, Fernando H. A.; Pereira, Rodrigo A. S.] Depto Biol FFCLRP USP, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil	Cruaud, A (reprint author), INRA IRD CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro, INRA UMR Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, CBGP, Campus Int Baillarguet,CS 30016, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France.	cruaud@supagro.inra.fr	Rasplus, Jean-Yves/O-2873-2017; Farache, Fernando/D-6049-2015; Kobmoo, Noppol/G-5138-2013; van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017; Pereira, Rodrigo/I-5967-2012	Rasplus, Jean-Yves/0000-0001-8614-6665; Farache, Fernando/0000-0001-7655-8826; van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741; Pereira, Rodrigo/0000-0002-7736-4211; Kjellberg, Finn/0000-0001-6708-9538; Kerdelhue, Carole/0000-0001-7667-902X	ANR (National Research Agency); Lien Siang Chou (National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan); Biota/Fapesp [04/10299-4]; CNPq [302769/2008-0]; FAPESP [07/06054-4]; NRF [GUN 61497]	We thank Dominique Strasberg (La Reunion, France) and William Ramirez (San Jose, Costa Rica) for contributing samples. We also thank all our guides in Borneo, Sulawesi, Papua Barat and Gabon, especially Jaman, Lary and Mado. We also thank Alexandre Dehne Garcia and Arnaud Estoup (CBGP, Montpellier) for their help with cluster computers and John Heraty and James Munroe (University of California, Riverside) for their advice on alignment and their provision of alignment framework for Chalcidoidea. Special thanks to Emmanuelle Jousselin (CBGP, Montpellier) for valuable discussion and help. Financial support was provided by grants from the ANR (National Research Agency) that supports the 'NiceFigs' and "BioFigs" projects, led by Martine Hossaert-McKey (CNRS, Montpellier, France) and Lien Siang Chou (National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan), Biota/Fapesp (04/10299-4) and CNPq (302769/2008-0) that support R.A.S.P., a fellowship FAPESP grant (07/06054-4) to F.H.A.F. and an NRF grant GUN 61497 to S.v.N. 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J	Nettle, D; Coall, DA; Dickins, TE				Nettle, Daniel; Coall, David A.; Dickins, Thomas E.			Early-life conditions and age at first pregnancy in British women	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						developmental plasticity; developmental programming; maternal effects; parental effects; life history; National Child Development Study	FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; MATERNAL INFLUENCES; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; NATURAL-SELECTION; LONGITUDINAL TEST; RHESUS MACAQUES	There is growing evidence that the reproductive schedules of female mammals can be affected by conditions experienced during early development, with low parental investment leading to accelerated life-history strategies in the offspring. In humans, the relationships between early-life conditions and timing of puberty are well studied, but much less attention has been paid to reproductive behaviour. Here, we investigate associations between early-life conditions and age at first pregnancy (AFP) in a large, longitudinally studied cohort of British women (n = 4553). Low birthweight for gestational age, short duration of breastfeeding, separation from mother in childhood, frequent family residential moves and lack of paternal involvement are all independently associated with earlier first pregnancy. Apart from that of birthweight, the effects are robust to adjustment for family socioeconomic position (SEP) and the cohort member's mother's age at her birth. The association between childhood SEP and AFP is partially mediated by early-life conditions, and the association between early-life conditions and AFP is partially mediated by emotional and behavioural problems in childhood. The overall relationship between early-life adversities and AFP appears to be approximately additive.	[Nettle, Daniel] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England; [Coall, David A.] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Exercise Biomed & Hlth Sci, Churchlands, WA 6018, Australia; [Dickins, Thomas E.] Univ E London, Dept Psychol, London E15 4LZ, England; [Dickins, Thomas E.] London Sch Econ, Ctr Philosophy Nat & Social Sci, London WC2A 2AE, England	Nettle, D (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.	daniel.nettle@ncl.ac.uk	Nettle, Daniel/B-2259-2008; Dickins, Tom/L-3016-2016	Nettle, Daniel/0000-0001-9089-2599; Dickins, Tom/0000-0002-5788-0948; Coall, David/0000-0002-0488-2683			Adair LS, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.4.e59; Alvergne A, 2008, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V95, P625, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.09.005; Arbuckle J. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUN 7	2011	278	1712					1721	1727		10.1098/rspb.2010.1726				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	752UI	WOS:000289719900016	21068037	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Tarwater, CE; Ricklefs, RE; Maddox, JD; Brawn, JD				Tarwater, Corey E.; Ricklefs, Robert E.; Maddox, J. Dylan; Brawn, Jeffrey D.			Pre-reproductive survival in a tropical bird and its implications for avian life histories	ECOLOGY			English	Article						age at reproduction; first-year survival; juvenile; life histories; post-fledging period; reproductive investment; survival; Thamnophilus atrinucha; tropical	EXTENDED PARENTAL CARE; JUVENILE SURVIVAL; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; DISPERSAL; CONSEQUENCES; PASSERINES; PREDATION; PATTERNS; FITNESS	The factors that affect survival until reproduction are essential to understanding the organization of life histories within and among species. Theory predicts, for example, that survival until reproduction influences the optimum level of reproductive investment by parents, which might partly explain prolonged parental care in species with high first-year survival. Tests and refinements of life-history theory have been hampered, however, by a lack of field-based estimates of pre-reproductive survival, especially for tropical species, which have been the subject of many comparative analyses. Tropical species are predicted to have higher first-year survival and delayed reproduction compared to Northern Hemisphere species. We estimated survival until reproduction, age at first reproduction, and sources of variation in juvenile survival in a Neotropical passerine, the Western Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus atrinucha), in central Panama. We observed that fledged antshrikes had 76% survival through the dependent period and 48% survival to the age of 1 year; survival rate was lowest during the first week after leaving the nest. Timing of fledging within the breeding season, fledgling mass, and age at dispersal influenced survival, while sex of offspring and year did not. Individuals did not breed until two years of age, and post-fledging pre-reproductive survival was 41% of annual adult survival. High survival until reproduction in antshrikes balanced their low annual productivity, resulting in a stable population. Survival during the post-fledging period of dependence and the first year of independence in the Western Slaty-Antshrike exceeded estimates for Northern Hemisphere species. This difference appears to be associated with the extended post-fledging parental care, delayed dispersal, low costs of dispersal, and the less seasonal environment of antshrikes.	[Tarwater, Corey E.; Brawn, Jeffrey D.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA; [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA; [Maddox, J. Dylan] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; [Brawn, Jeffrey D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA	Tarwater, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 140 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.	tarwater@berkeley.edu			National Science Foundation IRCEB [IBN-0212587]; University of Illinois; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Cooper Ornithological Society; Wilson Ornithological Society	We thank R. Bassar, S. Bassar, C. Batista, D. Buehler, A. Castillo, I. Gallo, B. Lascelles, and I. Ochoa for help in the field. Thanks to A. Suarez, P. Weatherhead, R. Fuller, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks also to J. P. Kelley and T. J. Benson for general support. The Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente granted permission to work in the Republic of Panama. Thanks to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for providing logistical support. This work was funded by National Science Foundation IRCEB grant IBN-0212587, and grants from the University of Illinois, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Cooper Ornithological Society, and Wilson Ornithological Society.	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J	Del Giudice, M; Ellis, BJ; Shirtcliff, EA				Del Giudice, Marco; Ellis, Bruce J.; Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.			The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity	NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS			English	Review						Adaptation; Allostasis; Biological sensitivity to context; Cortisol; Developmental switch point; Evolution; Gender; Life history strategies; Plasticity; Reactivity; Sex differences; Stress	PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS; EVOLUTIONARY-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY; RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; SALIVARY CORTISOL RESPONSES; NERVOUS-SYSTEM ACTIVITY; TEND-AND-BEFRIEND; SEX-DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES	This paper presents the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM), an evolutionary-developmental theory of individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system. The stress response system has three main biological functions: (1) to coordinate the organism's allostatic response to physical and psychosocial challenges; (2) to encode and filter information about the organism's social and physical environment, mediating the organism's openness to environmental inputs; and (3) to regulate the organism's physiology and behavior in a broad range of fitness-relevant areas including defensive behaviors, competitive risk-taking, learning, attachment, affiliation and reproductive functioning. The information encoded by the system during development feeds back on the long-term calibration of the system itself, resulting in adaptive patterns of responsivity and individual differences in behavior. Drawing on evolutionary life history theory, we build a model of the development of stress responsivity across life stages, describe four prototypical responsivity patterns, and discuss the emergence and meaning of sex differences. The ACM extends the theory of biological sensitivity to context (BSC) and provides an integrative framework for future research in the field. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Del Giudice, Marco] Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Sci, I-10123 Turin, Italy; [Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Psychol, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA	Del Giudice, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Sci, Via Po 14, I-10123 Turin, Italy.	marco.delgiudice@unito.it; bjellis@email.arizona.edu; birdie.shirtcliff@uno.edu	Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010	Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573	Regione Piemonte, bando Scienze Umane e Sociali [L.R. n. 4/2006]; National Institute of Mental Health [K01 MH077687]; University of Arizona	Marco Del Giudice was supported by the Regione Piemonte, bando Scienze Umane e Sociali 2008, L.R. n. 4/2006. Elizabeth Shirtcliff was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health for the duration of this project (K01 MH077687). International collaboration on this project was supported by the John & Doris Norton Endowment for Fathers, Parenting, and Families at the University of Arizona.	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Biobehav. Rev.	JUN	2011	35	7			SI		1562	1592		10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007				31	Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	788EM	WOS:000292428200010	21145350	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Corenblit, D; Baas, ACW; Bornette, G; Darrozes, J; Delmotte, S; Francis, RA; Gurnell, AM; Julien, F; Naiman, RJ; Steiger, J				Corenblit, Dov; Baas, Andreas C. W.; Bornette, Gudrun; Darrozes, Jose; Delmotte, Sebastien; Francis, Robert A.; Gurnell, Angela M.; Julien, Frederic; Naiman, Robert J.; Steiger, Johannes			Feedbacks between geomorphology and biota controlling Earth surface processes and landforms: A review of foundation concepts and current understandings	EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS			English	Review						biogeomorphologic feedback; landforms; biogeomorphologic succession; ecosystem engineers; niche construction; eco-evolutionary dynamics	ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; RIVER CORRIDORS; SALT-MARSH; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; NICHE CONSTRUCTION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES	This review article presents recent advances in the field of biogeomorphology related to the reciprocal coupling between Earth surface processes and landforms, and ecological and evolutionary processes. The aim is to present to the Earth Science community ecological and evolutionary concepts and associated recent conceptual developments for linking geomorphology and biota. The novelty of the proposed perspective is that (1) in the presence of geomorphologic-engineer species, which modify sediment and landform dynamics, natural selection operating at the scale of organisms may have consequences for the physical components of ecosystems, and particularly Earth surface processes and landforms; and (2) in return, these modifications of geomorphologic processes and landforms often feed back to the ecological characteristics of the ecosystem (structure and function) and thus to biological characteristics of engineer species and/or other species (adaptation and speciation). The main foundation concepts from ecology and evolutionary biology which have led only recently to an improved conception of landform dynamics in geomorphology are reviewed and discussed. The biogeomorphologic macroevolutionary insights proposed explicitly integrate geomorphologic niche-dimensions and processes within an ecosystem framework and reflect current theories of eco-evolutionary and ecological processes. Collectively, these lead to the definition of an integrated model describing the overall functioning of biogeomorphologic systems over ecological and evolutionary timescales. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Corenblit, Dov] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, UMR 8586, PRODIG Pole Rech Org & Diffus Informat Geog, F-75013 Paris, France; [Baas, Andreas C. W.; Francis, Robert A.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, Strand London WC2R 2LS, England; [Bornette, Gudrun] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, LEHNA Lab Ecol Hydrosyst Nat & Anthropises, F-69622 Lyon, France; [Delmotte, Sebastien] MAD Environm, Gradignan, France; [Gurnell, Angela M.] Univ London, Sch Geog, London E1 4NS, England; [Julien, Frederic] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5245, ECOLAB Lab Ecol Fonct, F-31062 Toulouse, France; [Naiman, Robert J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Steiger, Johannes] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Univ, GEOLAB, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France; [Steiger, Johannes] CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB Lab Geog Phys & Environnemen, F-63057 Clermont Ferrand, France; [Corenblit, Dov; Darrozes, Jose] CNRS, UMR 5563, GET Geosci Environm Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France	Corenblit, D (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 5563, GET Geosci Environm Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France.	corenblit@yahoo.fr	Baas, Andreas/C-2683-2013; bornette, gudrun/J-6404-2017; Bornette, Gudrun/B-3938-2009; Naiman, Robert/K-3113-2012	bornette, gudrun/0000-0002-2242-0060; Francis, Robert/0000-0002-4598-0861	French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development; Sea (MEEDDM); French National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS)	D. Corenblit, J. Steiger and S. Delmotte acknowledge support by the French research project "GALE&T - Waters & Territories" financed by the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea (MEEDDM) and the French National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS). We thank Heather Viles and the anonymous reviewers for their comments which contributed to improve this review.	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JUN	2011	106	3-4					307	331		10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.002				25	Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	Geology	771UA	WOS:000291185000006					2019-02-21	
J	Martin, TE; Lloyd, P; Bosque, C; Barton, DC; Biancucci, AL; Cheng, YR; Ton, R				Martin, Thomas E.; Lloyd, Penn; Bosque, Carlos; Barton, Daniel C.; Biancucci, Atilio L.; Cheng, Yi-Ru; Ton, Riccardo			GROWTH RATE VARIATION AMONG PASSERINE SPECIES IN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE SITES: AN ANTAGONISTIC INTERACTION BETWEEN PARENTAL FOOD PROVISIONING AND NEST PREDATION RISK	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Food limitation; growth rates; life history; nest predation; parental care; passerines; provisioning rate	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; CLUTCH SIZE; SURVIVAL RATES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; TRADE-OFF; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES	Causes of interspecific variation in growth rates within and among geographic regions remain poorly understood. Passerine birds represent an intriguing case because differing theories yield the possibility of an antagonistic interaction between nest predation risk and food delivery rates on evolution of growth rates. We test this possibility among 64 Passerine species studied on three continents, including tropical and north and south temperate latitudes. Growth rates increased strongly with nestling predation rates within, but not between, sites. The importance of nest predation was further emphasized by revealing hidden allometric scaling effects. Nestling predation risk also was associated with reduced total feeding rates and per-nestling feeding rates within each site. Consequently, faster growth rates were associated with decreased per-nestling food delivery rates across species, both within and among regions. These relationships suggest that Passerines can evolve growth strategies in response to predation risk whereby food resources are not the primary limit on growth rate differences among species. In contrast, reaction norms of growth rate relative to brood size suggest that food may limit growth rates within species in temperate, but not tropical, regions. Results here provide new insight into evolution of growth strategies relative to predation risk and food within and among species.	[Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; [Bosque, Carlos] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Biol Organismos, Caracas, Venezuela	Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.	tom.martin@umontana.edu; penn.lloyd@gmail.com; carlosb@usb.ve; daniel.barton@umontana.edu; luis.biancucci@gmail.com; yirucheng@gmail.com; zvoneb@libero.it	Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011	Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867	National Science Foundation [INT-9906030, DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764]; United States Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-02817]; FONACIT [DM/0000237]; INPARQUES [PA-INP-005-2004]; Ministerio del Ambiente [01-03-03-1147]	We thank R. Duckworth, R. Hutto, H. Sofaer, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on drafts of this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the help of the many field personnel that aided in collection of these data over many years and sites. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants (INT-9906030, DEB-9981527, DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764 to TEM) for studies in Arizona, South Africa, and Venezuela, while the work in Arizona was also supported by the United States Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2005-02817 to TEM. Permit numbers for work in Venezuela were DM/0000237 from FONACIT, PA-INP-005-2004 from INPARQUES, and 01-03-03-1147 from Ministerio del Ambiente. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.	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J	Evans, SR; Gustafsson, L; Sheldon, BC				Evans, Simon R.; Gustafsson, Lars; Sheldon, Ben C.			DIVERGENT PATTERNS OF AGE-DEPENDENCE IN ORNAMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN THE COLLARED FLYCATCHER	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Aging; life-history; ornamentation; plumage coloration; senescence; sexual selection	SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; WILD BIRD POPULATION; INFORMATION-CONTENT; HANDICAP PRINCIPLE; NATURAL-SELECTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; MEASURING SENESCENCE; FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS; CRYPTIC EVOLUTION	Sexual ornaments are predicted to honestly signal individual condition. We might therefore expect ornament expression to show a senescent decline, in parallel with late-life deterioration of other characters. Conversely, life-history theory predicts the reduced residual reproductive value of older individuals will favor increased investment in sexually attractive traits. Using a 25-year dataset of more than 5000 records of breeding collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) of known age, we quantify cross-sectional patterns of age-dependence in ornamental plumage traits and report long-term declines in expression that mask highly significant positive age-dependency. We partition this population-level age-dependency into its between- and within-individual components and show expression of ornamental white plumage patches exhibits within-individual increases with age in both sexes, consistent with life-history theory. For males, ornament expression also covaries with life span, such that, within a cohort, ornamentation indicates survival. Finally, we compared longitudinal age-dependency of reproductive traits and ornamental traits in both sexes, to assess whether these two trait types exhibit similar age-dependency. These analyses revealed contrasting patterns: reproductive traits showed within-individual declines in late-life females consistent with senescence; ornamental traits showed the opposite pattern in both males and females. Hence, our results for both sexes suggest that age-dependent ornament expression is consistent with life-history models of optimal signaling and, unlike reproductive traits, proof against senescence.	[Evans, Simon R.; Sheldon, Ben C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England; [Gustafsson, Lars] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Anim Biol, Uppsala, Sweden	Evans, SR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.	simon.evans@zoo.ox.ac.uk	Gustafsson, Lars/A-7634-2012; Sheldon, Ben/A-8056-2010	Gustafsson, Lars/0000-0001-6566-2863; Sheldon, Ben/0000-0002-5240-7828; Evans, Simon/0000-0002-8227-5838; Evans, Simon/0000-0001-5812-4039	Swedish Research Council; NERC	We thank the numerous people who helped to collect data, A. Qvarnstrom and M. Robinson for their valuable advice and suggestions, two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, the Swedish Research Council for funding the long-term study and NERC for partial funding of this project, via a grant to BCS.	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P., 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; Qvarnstrom A, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1564, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05419.x; Qvarnstrom A, 2000, NATURE, V405, P344, DOI 10.1038/35012605; Rebke M, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P7841, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1002645107; Rivera-Gutierrez HF, 2010, ANIM BEHAV, V80, P451, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.06.002; ROHWER S, 1988, AM NAT, V131, P556, DOI 10.1086/284806; Sadd B, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01062.x; Safran RJ, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P2210, DOI 10.1126/science.1115090; Safran RJ, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P455, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh035; Saino N, 1996, BEHAV ECOL, V7, P227, DOI 10.1093/beheco/7.2.227; Sheldon BC, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P297, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0042; Sheldon BC, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P406; Sheldon BC, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V57, P285, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0968; Svensson E, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P466, DOI 10.2307/3546674; Svensson L., 1994, IDENTIFICATION GUIDE; Torok J, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P382, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.382; Torres R, 2003, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V55, P65, DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0669-1; Torres R, 2007, J ANIM ECOL, V76, P1161, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01282.x; van de Pol MV, 2009, ANIM BEHAV, V77, P753, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.11.006; van desPol M., 2006, AM NAT, V167, P765; Vanpe C, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P481, DOI 10.1086/512046; VAUPEL JW, 1985, AM STAT, V39, P176, DOI 10.2307/2683925; VAUPEL JW, 1979, DEMOGRAPHY, V16, P339; Velando A, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V149, P535, DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0457-5; Velando A, 2010, BIOL LETTERS, V6, P194, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0759; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; Williams PD, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P458, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.008; Wilson AJ, 2007, EVOL ECOL, V21, P337, DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9106-z; Wilson AJ, 2010, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V25, P207, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.002; ZAHAVI A, 1977, J THEOR BIOL, V67, P603, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(77)90061-3; ZAHAVI A, 1975, J THEOR BIOL, V53, P205, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3	83	35	35	0	58	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0014-3820	1558-5646		EVOLUTION	Evolution	JUN	2011	65	6					1623	1636		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01253.x				14	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	772XB	WOS:000291270300009	21644953				2019-02-21	
J	Storey, RG; Quinn, JM				Storey, R. G.; Quinn, J. M.			Life histories and life history strategies of invertebrates inhabiting intermittent streams in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand	NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH			English	Article						New Zealand; macroinvertebrates; life history; intermittent streams; species traits; growth rate	DELEATIDIUM EPHEMEROPTERA; PLECOPTERA; STONEFLIES; LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE; TRICHOPTERA; PERMANENCE; DISPERSAL; RIVER; GRIPOPTERYGIDAE; COMMUNITIES	Intermittent streams are predicted to harbour macroinvertebrate taxa with particular life history traits that allow them to complete development in a limited time and survive periods without water. Three intermittent headwater streams in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, had more taxa with very small body size, plurivoltine life cycles, low dissemination potential, long-lived adults and asexual reproduction than three nearby perennial streams. We traced the population size structure and adult flight periods of six aquatic insect taxa, and the population size structure of an aquatic snail, in three intermittent streams to provide basic information on larval growth rates and infer whether they use particular life history stages to survive summer drought. The insect taxa appeared to over-summer primarily as eggs, whereas the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum over-summered at various stages of maturity. Final instar larvae and adults of most insect taxa appeared well ahead of stream drying, suggesting they can survive early-onset drought. However, late-onset drought would allow more larvae to complete development.	[Storey, R. G.; Quinn, J. M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand	Storey, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand.	r.storey@niwa.co.nz			Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [NIWX0401]	We would like to thank Brian Smith for his expert advice and help with identifications; Ngaire Phillips for help with species trait analysis; Carola and Mike Hudson, Spencer and Gordon Macdonald for help with sample collection and their observations of local flow patterns; Graham Sevicke-Jones, Brett Stansfield, Vickie Hansen and Andrew Lamason for help with sample collection; and Holly Ferguson, Claire Taylor and Nathan Wagstaff for help with sample sorting. This research was funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology through a postdoctoral fellowship (NIWX0401) to R. Storey.	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Z. J. Mar. Freshw. Res.	JUN	2011	45	2					213	230	PII 938096868	10.1080/00288330.2011.554988				18	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	772UT	WOS:000291263400003		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	van der Linden, D; te Nijenhuis, J; Cremers, M; van de Ven, C				van der Linden, Dimitri; te Nijenhuis, Jan; Cremers, Myckel; van de Ven, Cyril			General Factors of Personality in Six Datasets and a Criterion-Related Validity Study at the Netherlands Armed Forces	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT			English	Article							HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; BIG 5; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; PERSONNEL-SELECTION; JOB-PERFORMANCE; 5-FACTOR MODEL; K-FACTOR; METAANALYSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE	Several papers showed that a general factor occupies the top of the hierarchical structure of personality, the so-called General Factor of Personality (GFP). The first question is whether the GFP behaves similar to the general factor of mental ability (g), in that GFP scores from different personality questionnaires correlate highly. The second question is whether the GFP is related to real-life outcomes. In six large datasets (total N=21,754) collected in the Netherlands armed forces, the GFPs extracted from six personality questionnaires generally showed high degrees of correlation suggesting they measure the same construct. Moreover, GFP was related to drop-out from military training. This evidence strengthens the view that the GFP is a substantive construct with practical relevance.	[van der Linden, Dimitri] Erasmus Univ, Inst Psychol, Rotterdam, Netherlands; [te Nijenhuis, Jan; Cremers, Myckel; van de Ven, Cyril] Dutch Minist Def, Def Behav Sci Serv Ctr, The Hague, Netherlands	van der Linden, D (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Inst Psychol, Rotterdam, Netherlands.	vanderlinden@fsw.eur.nl	te Nijenhuis, Jan/D-1015-2013	te Nijenhuis, Jan/0000-0002-1268-6121; Van der Linden, Dimitri/0000-0001-7098-8948			Anusic I, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V97, P1142, DOI 10.1037/a0017159; Ashton MC, 2007, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V11, P150, DOI 10.1177/1088868306294907; Backstrom M, 2009, J RES PERS, V43, P335, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.013; BARRICK MR, 1991, PERS PSYCHOL, V44, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x; Cattell RB, 1950, J SOC PSYCHOL, V31, P3, DOI 10.1080/00224545.1950.9918993; *CEBIR, 2007, PROF INT TEST; CREMERS M, 2007, HOE INTEGER ZIJN ONZ; DeYoung CG, 2002, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V33, P533, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00171-4; Digman JM, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P1246, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1246; DILCHERT S, 2006, ENCY CAREER DEV, P36; Dilchert S, 2008, Z PERSONALPSYCHOL, V7, P1, DOI 10.1026/1617-6391.7.1.1; DUEL J, 2006, GW06037 MIN DEF; Eysenck HJ, 1967, BIOL BASIS PERSONALI; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Figueredo AJ, 2009, TWIN RES HUM GENET, V12, P555, DOI 10.1375/twin.12.6.555; GOLDBERG LR, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1216, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216; GUILFORD JP, 1949, GUILFORDZIMMERMAN TE; HERMANS HJM, 2004, PMT PRESTATIE MOTIVA; Hoekstra H. 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J. Sel. Assess.	JUN	2011	19	2					157	169		10.1111/j.1468-2389.2011.00543.x				13	Psychology, Applied; Management	Psychology; Business & Economics	763VB	WOS:000290586700005					2019-02-21	
J	Griskevicius, V; Tybur, JM; Delton, AW; Robertson, TE				Griskevicius, Vladas; Tybur, Joshua M.; Delton, Andrew W.; Robertson, Theresa E.			The Influence of Mortality and Socioeconomic Status on Risk and Delayed Rewards: A Life History Theory Approach	JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						financial risk; temporal discounting; childhood development; socioeconomic status; mortality	EVOLUTIONARY MODEL; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; PUBERTAL MATURATION; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; DYING YOUNG; LIVING FAST; PERSPECTIVE; ATTACHMENT; EXPERIENCE; MOTIVES	Why do some people take risks and live for the present, whereas others avoid risks and save for the future? The evolutionary framework of life history theory predicts that preferences for risk and delay in gratification should be influenced by mortality and resource scarcity. A series of experiments examined how mortality cues influenced decisions involving risk preference (e.g., $10 for sure vs. 50% chance of $20) and temporal discounting (e.g., $5 now vs. $10 later). The effect of mortality depended critically on whether people grew up in a relatively resource-scarce or resource-plentiful environment. For individuals who grew up relatively poor, mortality cues led them to value the present and gamble for big immediate rewards. Conversely, for individuals who grew up relatively wealthy, mortality cues led them to value the future and avoid risky gambles. Overall, mortality cues appear to propel individuals toward diverging life history strategies as a function of childhood socioeconomic status, suggesting important implications for how environmental factors influence economic decisions and risky behaviors.	[Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mkt, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Tybur, Joshua M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Delton, Andrew W.; Robertson, Theresa E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Griskevicius, V (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mkt, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.	vladasg@umn.edu	Tybur, Joshua/P-5435-2014	Tybur, Joshua/0000-0002-0462-6508; Robertson, Theresa/0000-0001-8229-2323	NIH HHS [DP1 OD000516, DP1 OD000516-05]		Ackerman JM, 2006, PSYCHOL SCI, V17, P836, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01790.x; Adams J, 2009, BRIT J HEALTH PSYCH, V14, P83, DOI 10.1348/135910708X299664; Aiken LS, 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J., 2007, OXFORD HDB EVOLUTION, P237; Belsky J, 2010, PSYCHOL SCI, V21, P1195, DOI 10.1177/0956797610379867; Ben-Zur H, 2009, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V13, P109, DOI 10.1177/1088868308330104; Bielby J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P748, DOI 10.1086/516847; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; BRAVER SL, 1975, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V35, P283, DOI 10.1177/001316447503500206; CARETTA CM, 1995, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V57, P901, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00344-5; Caspi A, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P386, DOI 10.1126/science.1083968; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Cohen S, 2004, PSYCHOSOM MED, V66, P553, DOI 10.1097/01.psy.0000126200.05189.d3; Daan Serge, 1997, P311; Daly M, 2005, Q REV BIOL, V80, P55, DOI 10.1086/431025; Davis J, 2008, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V19, P426, DOI 10.1007/s12110-008-9052-2; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; DINAPOLI TP, 2008, 2008 COMPTROLLERS RE; Dohmen T, 2010, AM ECON REV, V100, P1238, DOI 10.1257/aer.100.3.1238; Eibl-Eibesfeldt I, 1989, HUMAN ETHOLOGY; Ellis BJ, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P387, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; FEUER A, 2008, NY TIMES        0821, P1; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Francis D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P1155, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5442.1155; Galobardes B, 2004, EPIDEMIOL REV, V26, P7, DOI 10.1093/expirev/mxh008; Gangestad SW, 2007, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V92, P151, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.151; Green L, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P769, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.769; Greenberg J, 1986, PUBLIC SELF PRIVATE, P189, DOI [DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-9564-5_10, 10.1007/978-1-4613-9564-5_10]; Griskevicius V, 2007, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V93, P85, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.85; Griskevicius V, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V91, P281, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.281; Griskevicius V, 2011, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V100, P241, DOI 10.1037/a0021082; Griskevicius V, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V96, P980, DOI 10.1037/a0013907; Haselton MG, 2006, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V10, P47, DOI 10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_3; Hill EM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF02913037; Hill K, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P397, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.397; HORN HS, 1978, BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY, P411; HORN HS, 1984, BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY E, P279; Jablonka E, 2009, Q REV BIOL, V84, P131, DOI 10.1086/598822; Kacelnik A, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P402; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-7; Kaplan H. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol.	JUN	2011	100	6					1015	1026		10.1037/a0022403				12	Psychology, Social	Psychology	770CW	WOS:000291065600004	21299312	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Kvingedal, E; Einum, S				Kvingedal, Eli; Einum, Sigurd			Prior residency advantage for Atlantic salmon in the wild: effects of habitat quality	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						Intraspecific competition; Dispersal; Density dependence; Social dominance; Territorial contests	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; BROWN TROUT; SALAR L; GROWTH-RATES; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; ASYMMETRIC CONTESTS; FIGHTING BEHAVIOR; ENERGY DENSITY; RESOURCE VALUE	Prior residency advantages have been explained by an asymmetry between the 'owner' and the 'intruder' in fighting ability (resource-holding potential) or motivation (value asymmetry (VA)). Here, we tested for the extent of prior residence effects in individually tagged Atlantic salmon juveniles being released in two bouts (4 days apart) during spring along a natural stream, and recaptured 3 months later. A prior residency advantage was detected both in terms of body growth, energy density and male gonad size. As we controlled for effects of initial body size, which correlates with dominance, these findings are in accordance with the VA hypothesis. The growth advantage of first arrivals also increased with local shelter abundance in the stream, which can be expected if a higher resource value of the habitat results in a higher defence motivation. We also found a prior residence effect on spatial distribution, with the second arrivals within each release site being recaptured further downstream. No effect on apparent survival rates was found. The observed reduced growth and energy density may have fitness consequences for the second arrivals, both in terms of lower winter survival rates and later age at maturity. For mature male parr, both decreased body and gonad growth may give an additional disadvantage through reduced fertilization rates during breeding. These costs may help to explain the tendency for stationary behaviour of stream salmonids, as the potential benefits of moving into less crowded areas would be reduced by the risk of becoming an intruder. Prior residence effects may therefore have influenced the evolution of movement behaviour in these organisms.	[Einum, Sigurd] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway; [Kvingedal, Eli; Einum, Sigurd] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway	Einum, S (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.	sigurd.einum@bio.ntnu.no		Einum, Sigurd/0000-0002-3788-7800	Norwegian Research Council	We thank landowners for permission to undertake this work, L. Sundt-Hansen, A. G. Finstad and the staff at NINA Research Station for technical and field assistance and N. Metcalfe and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. Financial support was provided by the Norwegian Research Council. The study was conducted according to national regulations for the treatment and welfare of experimental animals. This study was performed in compliance with the Norwegian legislation on animal care and experimentation. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.	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Ecol. Sociobiol.	JUN	2011	65	6					1295	1303		10.1007/s00265-011-1143-0				9	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	765RK	WOS:000290726100014		Green Published, Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Renner, HM; Reynolds, JH; Sims, M; Renner, M				Renner, Heather M.; Reynolds, Joel H.; Sims, Michelle; Renner, Martin			Evaluating the power of surface attendance counts to detect long-term trends in populations of crevice-nesting auklets	ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT			English	Article						Aethia cristatella; Aethia pusilla; Bering Sea; Hierarchical models; Mixed-effects; Population trends; Statistical power; Seabirds; Zero-inflated	ST-LAWRENCE ISLAND; STATISTICAL POWER; COLONY ATTENDANCE; BERING-SEA; MARINE MAMMALS; ALASKA; LEAST; OCEANOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT	Power analyses are essential when developing a long-term monitoring program for a target species whose observation is logistically challenging and expensive. These analyses can be complicated when the observations have a complex variance structure reflecting many factors. Crevice-nesting seabirds such as least and crested auklets Aethia pusilla and Aethia cristatella illustrate both this need and these challenges. They are ecosystem indicators for the Bering Sea, a system expected to undergo large changes. Unfortunately, they are difficult to monitor as colonies occur on remote, hard to access islands in the Aleutians and Bering Sea, and nests occur in crevices underground, preventing direct observation. Current monitoring consists of breeding-season counts of auklets standing on the surface of sample plots in the colony; logically, a substantial decline in nesting population guarantees an eventual substantial decline in surface attendants. Yet, it remains debatable whether these highly variable counts can be used to statistically detect biologically relevant declines in the attending population let alone the nesting population. Subsequently, existing monitoring programs vary widely in survey design, effort levels, and daily summary statistics. The power of different survey designs was assessed by simulating observations from a state model developed from 11 years of observations using mixed-effects models and zero-inflated Poisson-lognormal regression. The analyses illustrate the process required for any monitoring program whose observations are described inadequately by standard statistical models. State model development revealed survey design refinements that reduce sampling variation. For least auklets, current sampling efforts provided 90% power to detect annual declines of 11% ("Critically Endangered" using IUCN Red List criteria), 4.5% ("Endangered"), or 2.4% ("Vulnerable") in two, four, or six generations, respectively; crested auklets took a few years longer. Power was more sensitive to number of days than number of plots. Results appear robust across a range of bird densities, providing guidance for monitoring other colonies or crevice-nesting species with similar life history strategies. Research should now focus on illuminating the relationship between the attending and nesting populations. Given the frequency of complicated variance structures and zero counts in ecological data, the general statistical models used here should prove widely applicable.	[Renner, Heather M.] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA; [Reynolds, Joel H.] Div Realty & Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA; [Sims, Michelle] Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England; [Renner, Martin] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA	Renner, HM (reprint author), Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Highway,Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603 USA.	heather_renner@fws.gov	Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011	Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501			BEDARD J, 1969, CONDOR, V71, P386, DOI 10.2307/1365737; Borchers D. 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Monit. Assess.	JUN	2011	177	1-4					665	679		10.1007/s10661-010-1664-4				15	Environmental Sciences	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	765TU	WOS:000290732300051	20811807				2019-02-21	
J	Decker, SA; Flinn, MV				Decker, Seamus A.; Flinn, Mark V.			Parenting Styles and Gender-Linked Drinking Behaviors in Dominica	ETHOS			English	Article						child development; mother-child; health; family; personality; alcohol	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY; STRESS-RESPONSE; ATTACHMENT; CHILD; ACTIVATION; ADDICTION; EVOLUTION; DISORDER; CULTURE	We explored links among adult alcohol consumption, personality, and retrospective childhood relationships with parents using psychometric instruments adapted for use among Dominicans (n=58; 25 men and 33 women). Compared to women, men consumed more alcohol and cigarettes, reported lower behavioral inhibition, and lower maternal "caringness" (all p <.05). Results suggest that, with respect to drinking, parenting styles predispose opposite developmental trends for men and women. Women who recalled their mothers as more caring tended to have higher behavioral activation seeking (BAS) scores and also to drink more. For men BAS was negatively correlated with maternal caring, but did not significantly correlate with alcohol consumption. Women who recalled their fathers as more controlling tended to drink less (p=.026), but men who recalled their fathers as more controlling tended to drink more (p=.0002). Maternal controllingness was also positively associated with alcohol consumption in men (p=.002), but showed no association with drinking in women.	[Decker, Seamus A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Anthropol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; [Flinn, Mark V.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA	Decker, SA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Anthropol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.			Flinn, Mark/0000-0002-8732-3085			Andersson P, 2003, NORD J PSYCHIAT, V57, P147, DOI 10.1080/08039480310000987; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Berry K, 2007, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V27, P458, DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.006; Bock P. K., 1988, RETHINKING PSYCHOL A; Bowlby J., 1982, ATTACHMENT; Brenner SL, 2005, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V42, P108, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00261.x; Brook JS, 2010, AM J ADDICTION, V19, P534, DOI 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00083.x; Burns E, 2010, ADDICTION, V105, P601, DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02842.x; CARVER CS, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V67, P319, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Comings DE, 2000, PROG BRAIN RES, V126, P325; Emery RE, 2005, PSYCHOL SCI, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1529-1006.2005.00020.x; Flinn MV, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P138, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.003; FLINN MV, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P854, DOI 10.1086/204444; Flinn MV, 1997, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V102, P33; FLINN MV, 1996, HUMAN NATURE, V7, P1125; FOWLER JS, 2004, NEUROBIOLOGY MENTAL, P740; Franken IHA, 2006, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V40, P1497, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.005; Heinze MC, 1996, BEHAV SCI LAW, V14, P293; Hill EM, 2002, ADDICTION, V97, P401, DOI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00020.x; Hinton A., 1999, BIOCULTURAL APPROACH, P299; Ingham J. 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F. C., 1970, CULTURE PERSONALITY; Weisner TS, 2009, ETHOS, V37, P181, DOI 10.1111/j.1548-1352.2009.01037.x; WHITING J, 1978, MAKING PSYCHOL ANTHR, P39	50	4	4	1	10	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0091-2131	1548-1352		ETHOS	Ethos	JUN	2011	39	2					189	210		10.1111/j.1548-1352.2011.01184.x				22	Anthropology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Anthropology; Psychology	759FE	WOS:000290225300008					2019-02-21	
J	Hanson, KC; Gale, WL; Simpson, WG; Kennedy, BM; Ostrand, KG				Hanson, Kyle C.; Gale, William L.; Simpson, William G.; Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.			Physiological Characterization of Hatchery-Origin Juvenile Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss Adopting Divergent Life-History Strategies	JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT			English	Article						smoltification; physiology; Na+,K+-ATPase activity; Na+,K+-ATPase alpha-subunit expression; residual salmon; hatchery management	SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; NA+,K+,2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; SMOLT DEVELOPMENT; REARED STEELHEAD; GROWTH-HORMONE	Smoltification by juvenile Pacific salmonids has been described as a developmental conflict whereby individuals face several life-history decisions. Smoltification occurs as a result of interactions between organismal condition and environmental cues, although some fish may forgo ocean migration and remain in freshwater streams for some time (residualize). We compared the physiological profiles of steelhead that were actively migrating to the ocean (migratory fish) and those that remained in fresh water (residuals) for at least a period of between 2 wk and 3 mo after release from a hatchery facility. In addition, we investigated the physiological characterization of residuals that further differentiated into precocial freshwater residents or parr that will either precocially mature in fresh water or migrate to the ocean in the future. Residuals had higher condition factors and gonadosomatic index than migratory fish and were characterized as less prepared for saltwater due to low levels of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and Na+,K+-ATPase alpha 1b-subunit expression. Residuals tended to be males with the highest condition factors. Sex-specific differences are probably reflective of male fish adopting an alternative life-history strategy foregoing outmigration as a result of condition at the time of release. Collection of residuals throughout the fall suggested that residual hatchery fish further diversify into precocially mature fish that will presumably attempt to spawn without ever migrating to the ocean or into parr that will precocially mature or migrate in a future year.	[Hanson, Kyle C.; Gale, William L.; Simpson, William G.; Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA	Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.	kyle_hanson@fws.gov		Kennedy, Benjamen/0000-0002-8062-1055	Bonneville Power Administration	Data collection and reporting for 2007 were funded through the Bonneville Power Administration. We thank Jeff Poole and John Holmes for spawning, handling, and maintaining hatchery brood stock and their progeny. We thank the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for maintaining the screwtrap on Abernathy Creek for collection of migrating smolts. We also thank Patty Crandell and four anonymous reviewers for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript.	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H., 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	62	6	6	1	18	U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE	SHEPHERDSTOWN	NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA	1944-687X			J FISH WILDL MANAG	J. Fish Wildl. Manag.	JUN	2011	2	1					61	71		10.3996/092010-JFWM-032				11	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	044MX	WOS:000311625000008					2019-02-21	
J	Vieites, DR; Roman, SN; Wake, MH; Wake, DB				Vieites, David R.; Nieto Roman, Sandra; Wake, Marvalee H.; Wake, David B.			A multigenic perspective on phylogenetic relationships in the largest family of salamanders, the Plethodontidae	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Mitochondrial genomes; Nuclear loci; Lungless salamanders; Phylogeny; New taxonomy; Amphibians	COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; NORTH-AMERICAN SALAMANDERS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SPECIES TREES; MORPHOLOGICAL HOMOPLASY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; DIVERSIFICATION RATES; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION	Despite several recent studies, the phylogeny of plethodontid salamanders is not yet fully resolved and the phylogenetic positions of several key genera, especially Aneides, Hemidactylium, Hydromantes and Karsenia, are contentious. Here we present a combined dataset of complete mitochondrial genomes and three nuclear loci for 20 species (16 genera) of plethodontids, representing all major clades in the family. The combined dataset without mitochondrial third codon positions provides a fully resolved, statistically well-supported tree. In this topology two major clades are recovered. A northern clade includes Aneides, Desmognathus, Ensatina, Hydromantes, Karsenia, Phaeognathus and Plethodon, with Plethodon being the sister taxon to the rest of the clade. Hydromantes and Karsenia are sister taxa, and Aneides is recovered as the sister taxon to Ensatina. Desmognathus + Phaeognathus form the sister taxon to Aneides + Ensatina. An eastern/southern clade comprises two subclades. One subclade, the spelerpines (Eurycea, Gyrinophilus, Pseudotriton, Stereochilus, Urspelerpes) is the sister taxon to a subclade comprising Hemidactylium. Batrachoseps and the tropical plethodontids (represented by Bolitoglossa, Nototriton and Thorius). In this topology Hemidactylium is well-supported as the sister taxon to Batrachoseps. Only when mitochondrial third codon positions are included using maximum likelihood analysis is Hemidactylium recovered as the sister taxon to Batrachoseps + tropical genera. Hypothesis testing of alternative topologies supports these conclusions. On the basis of these results we propose a conservative taxonomy for Plethodontidae. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Wake, Marvalee H.; Wake, David B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Wake, Marvalee H.; Wake, David B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Nieto Roman, Sandra] Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36200, Spain; [Vieites, David R.; Nieto Roman, Sandra] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain	Wake, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.	wakelab@berkeley.edu		Vieites, David/0000-0001-5551-7419	AmphibiaTree Project [NSF EF-0334939]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2009-10198]; Xunta de Galicia	The MVZ Herpetology Collection provided tissue samples. We thank Mi-Sook Min and Steve Karsen for their help in the field and Rachel Mueller for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the AmphibiaTree Project (NSF EF-0334939) to D.B.W. and M.H.W. and a Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant (CGL2009-10198) to D.R.V. S.N.R. was supported by an Angeles Alvarino postdoctoral Grant from the Xunta de Galicia.	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W., 1920, Copeia New York, V1920; WILGENBUSCH J.C., 2004, AWTY SYSTEM GRAPHICA; Zhang P, 2009, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V53, P492, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.010	70	48	51	0	44	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	1055-7903	1095-9513		MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL	Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.	JUN	2011	59	3					623	635		10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.012				13	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	764DQ	WOS:000290609000008	21414414				2019-02-21	
J	Kuriwada, T; Kumano, N; Shiromoto, K; Haraguchi, D				Kuriwada, Takashi; Kumano, Norikuni; Shiromoto, Keiko; Haraguchi, Dai			Age-dependent investment in death-feigning behaviour in the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius	PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Life-history theory; mating history; residual reproductive value (RRV); tonic immobility	PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LIFE-HISTORY; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-CHINENSIS; ANTIPREDATOR STRATEGIES; MELOIMORPHA-JAPONICA; FABRICIUS COLEOPTERA; GENETIC CORRELATION; MATING-BEHAVIOR; FIELD CRICKETS	Because life-history theory predicts that risky behaviours such as mating should increase as life expectancy decreases, predatory avoidance is expected to decrease with age. However, this prediction has not been examined. In the present study, the effect of age on death-feigning behaviour, a form of predatory avoidance behaviour in the sweetpotato weevil Cylas formicarius (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is investigated by performing a longitudinal study. Because the effects of mating history and age usually cannot be distinguished, mating history is controlled. The results show that only female weevils decrease the investment in death-feigning behaviour with age, whereas male weevils do not show any age-related change. In addition, death-feigning behaviour of mated females is longer than that of virgin females, possibly because additional mating partners would be not needed by mated females.	[Kuriwada, Takashi; Kumano, Norikuni; Shiromoto, Keiko; Haraguchi, Dai] Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protect Ctr, Okinawa 9020072, Japan	Kuriwada, T (reprint author), Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protect Ctr, Okinawa 9020072, Japan.	t.kuriwada@gmail.com					Abrams PA, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P79, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.79; Bilde T, 2006, BIOL LETTERS, V2, P23, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0392; CHARLESWORTH B, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P449, DOI 10.1086/283079; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; Cockerham KL, 1954, LA TECH B, V483, P1; DALGAARD P, 2002, INTRO STAT R; Dobson A. 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P., 2004, AVOIDING ATTACK EVOL; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Sugimoto T, 1996, APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL, V31, P357, DOI 10.1303/aez.31.357; SUGIMOTO T, 1994, APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL, V29, P11, DOI 10.1303/aez.29.11; Venables WN, 2002, MODERN APPL STAT S; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; Williams Geroge C, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S	50	5	6	2	5	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0307-6962			PHYSIOL ENTOMOL	Physiol. Entomol.	JUN	2011	36	2					149	154		10.1111/j.1365-3032.2010.00777.x				6	Entomology	Entomology	762OJ	WOS:000290489000007					2019-02-21	
J	de Leon, JLP; Rodriguez, R; Acosta, M; Uribe, MC				Ponce de Leon, Jose L.; Rodriguez, Rodet; Acosta, Martin; Uribe, Mari C.			Egg size and its relationship with fecundity, newborn length and female size in Cuban poeciliid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)	ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH			English	Article						egg size; Poeciliidae; fecundity; offspring size; endemic Cuban fishes	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GUPPIES; GAMBUSIA; REPRODUCTION; RETICULATA; PATTERNS; QUALITY; PLASTICITY; RESOURCES; PREDATION	This study describes the relationship between egg size (ES) and brood size (BS), newborn length (NL) and female total length (FTL) in ten species of Cuban poeciliids. Variability and the level of association among variables are analysed and comparisons of ES among species established. Egg size has the lowest variability among the analysed variables and in most species is not correlated with BS, when the effect of FTL is controlled. Cuban poeciliids, thought to be primarily lecithotrophic, can be separated in two groups according to ES, NL and BS relative to FTL. One such group inhabits mountain streams and produces large eggs and small broods. The other group is distributed in lowland wetlands and produces small eggs and large broods. In Cuban poeciliids, ES and NL are highly correlated, which suggests adaptive value for ES.	[Ponce de Leon, Jose L.; Acosta, Martin] Univ La Habana, Dept Biol Anim & Humana, Fac Biol, Havana 10400, CP, Cuba; [Rodriguez, Rodet] Univ La Habana, Museo Hist Nat Felipe Poey, Fac Biol, Havana 10400, CP, Cuba; [Uribe, Mari C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Biol Reprod Anim, Dept Biol Comparada, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico	de Leon, JLP (reprint author), Univ La Habana, Dept Biol Anim & Humana, Fac Biol, Calle 25 455 Entre J&I, Havana 10400, CP, Cuba.	jotaelepe76@gmail.com			Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation [RSG 61.04.08]	Authors are grateful to David Reznick and Harry Grier for the critical comments that helped improve the manuscript. To Maria Elena Morey and Marisol Sampedro for the revision of the English language. We thank Marcela E. Aguilar Morales for the assistance in histological techniques and Rufford Small Grants for Nature Conservation (RSG 61.04.08) for financial support.	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E., 1963, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, V126, P1; SCRIMSHAW NS, 1946, COPEIA, P20; THIBAULT RE, 1978, EVOLUTION, V32, P320, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb00648.x; Trexler JC, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1370; Turcotte MM, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P1118, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01461.x; Uribe Aranzabal Mari Carmen, 2009, P85; Uribe MC, 2011, J MORPHOL, V272, P241, DOI 10.1002/jmor.10912; Vergara RR, 1992, PRINCIPALES CARACTER; Walker JA, 2005, FUNCT ECOL, V19, P808, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01033.x; WOURMS JP, 1988, FISH PHYSL B, V11	43	11	11	1	17	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0906-6691	1600-0633		ECOL FRESHW FISH	Ecol. Freshw. Fish	JUN	2011	20	2					243	250		10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00489.x				8	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	758MK	WOS:000290168700006					2019-02-21	
J	Beaulieu, M; Reichert, S; Le Maho, Y; Ancel, A; Criscuolo, F				Beaulieu, Michael; Reichert, Sophie; Le Maho, Yvon; Ancel, Andre; Criscuolo, Francois			Oxidative status and telomere length in a long-lived bird facing a costly reproductive event	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Adelie penguin; breeding effort; long-lived species; oxidative stress; telomeres	ADELIE PENGUINS; EXPERIMENTAL INCREASE; STRESS; LIFE; SURVIVAL; AGE	P>1. Life-history theory predicts that high reproductive investment alters self-maintenance. Several mechanisms underlying the cost of reproduction have been previously suggested, but how parental effort may impact cell and organism maintenance remains largely unknown. The effects of oxidative stress - the imbalance between oxidative damage and defences - on telomere dynamics may underlie this relationship. Indeed, oxidative stress is associated with costly activities like breeding, and impacts telomere length that is known to predict survival in birds. According to life-history theory, long-lived species are expected to minimize the adverse effects of current reproduction on their body maintenance and should therefore enhance their antioxidant capacity and preserve their telomeres when breeding workload increases. 2. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by determining experimentally how the oxidative status and telomere length were modified when long-lived Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) faced a costly reproductive event. The breeding workload was increased through a handicapping procedure that increased the cost of foraging and therefore chick-provisioning. 3. In agreement with our hypothesis, Adelie penguins substantially increased their antioxidant defences during a costly breeding effort, while oxidative damage and telomere length remained unchanged. 4. As expected in long-lived species, Adelie penguins subjected to increased breeding constraints appear to prioritize self-maintenance as shown by their increased antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the absence of effects of our experimental procedure on telomere length suggests no apparent impact of breeding workload on the senescence of this long-lived bird. However, to better understand the role of the couple 'oxidative status/telomeres' in the regulation of life-history strategies, further studies should examine: (i) the nature and the cost of additional antioxidant protection; (ii) the changes in the oxidative status of animals throughout their annual cycle and the consequences on telomere dynamics; and (iii) the repartition of antioxidant resources between young and parents.	[Beaulieu, Michael; Reichert, Sophie; Le Maho, Yvon; Ancel, Andre; Criscuolo, Francois] CNRS Uds, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien IPHC, Dept Ecol Physiol Ethol DEPE, UMR 7178, F-67087 Strasbourg 2, France	Beaulieu, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.	miklvet@hotmail.fr	Beaulieu, Michael/A-5261-2011	Beaulieu, Michael/0000-0002-9948-269X	French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV); Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises (TAAF)	This study was approved and supported by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV) and the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises (TAAF). We would like to thank T. Raclot, A. Dervaux, D. Lazin and A.M. Thierry for their great help in the field and H. Gachot and C. Tromp for their assistance in laboratory analyses. We also thank S. Parker who improved the English of this article.	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M., 2007, J ORNITHOL, V148, P611, DOI DOI 10.1007/S10336-007-0186-5; von Zglinicki T, 2002, TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI, V27, P339, DOI 10.1016/S0968-0004(02)02110-2; Wiersma P, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, pS360, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0171	43	64	64	3	78	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0269-8463			FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	JUN	2011	25	3					577	585		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01825.x				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	758ON	WOS:000290174500016		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Han, BP; Yin, J; Lin, X; Dumont, HJ				Han, Bo-Ping; Yin, Juan; Lin, Xian; Dumont, Henri J.			Why is Diaphanosoma (Crustacea: Ctenopoda) so common in the tropics? Influence of temperature and food on the population parameters of Diaphanosoma dubium, and a hypothesis on the nature of tropical cladocerans	HYDROBIOLOGIA			English	Article						Cladocera; Diaphanosoma; Daphnia; Tropics; Food and lifespan; Temperature and lifespan	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; LAKE CHAD; GROWTH; DURATION; DAPHNIA; REPRODUCTION; ZOOPLANKTON; COPEPODS; EXCISUM	Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova from (sub)tropical South China, cultured in the laboratory at 23-29A degrees C, did not show a shortening of its lifespan at increasing temperatures, although its postembryonic development shortened, while individual clutch sizes became bigger. The optimum temperature for the population performance of this species (measured as lifetime fecundity or intrinsic rate of increase) therefore lies above 29A degrees C. Limited literature data suggest that in tropics-adapted species, the shortening of the lifespan with temperature, which follows a quadratic function, reverses at higher temperatures. Thus, the most general descriptor of the complete temperature-lifespan relationship might be a parabola. D. dubium did not show shorter lifespans when offered more food either, and again shared this characteristic with few other tropical cladocerans (and probably copepods as well) studied by other authors. Both properties combined might be typical of tropical species and offer them an advantage (a long, prolific life in warm water rich in algae) over temperate species (like Daphnia) that, if occurring in the tropics at all, live above their temperature optimum there.	[Dumont, Henri J.] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [Han, Bo-Ping; Yin, Juan; Lin, Xian] Jinan Univ, Inst Hydrobiol, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China	Dumont, HJ (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.	henri.dumont@ugent.be			NSF China [30670345, U0733007]	Support from NSF China (No. 30670345 and U0733007) to BP Han is appreciated. We are also grateful to our colleagues, R. Gulati, R. Hart and M. Pagano, whose insights greatly helped us formulate our ideas.	Amarasinghe PB, 1997, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V350, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1003087815861; BOTTRELL HH, 1976, NORW J ZOOL, V24, P419; BOTTRELL HH, 1975, OECOLOGIA, V19, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF00369097; BROWN LA, 1938, AM NAT, V63, P248; DUMONT HJ, 1994, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V272, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF00006510; DUNCAN A, 1989, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V186, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF00048891; DUNHAM H. HOWARD, 1938, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V11, P399; GRAS R, 1969, CAH ORSTOM HYDROBIOL, V3, P43; GRAS R, 1978, CAH ORSTOM HYDROBIOL, V12, P119; Hardy E. R., 1994, Acta Amazonica, V24, P119; HART RC, 1985, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V127, P17, DOI 10.1007/BF00004659; Hart RC, 2004, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V526, P99, DOI 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000041610.56021.63; HART RC, 2000, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V27, P1933; HEBERT PDN, 1978, BIOL REV, V53, P387, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1978.tb00860.x; HEIP C, 1974, Biologisch Jaarboek, V42, P121; HERZIG A, 1983, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V100, P65, DOI 10.1007/BF00027423; HERZIG A, 1984, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V101, P143; Ingle L, 1933, SCIENCE, V78, P511, DOI 10.1126/science.78.2031.511-a; Ingle L, 1937, J EXP ZOOL, V76, P325, DOI 10.1002/jez.1400760206; JANA BB, 1984, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V118, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF00021044; KOROVCHINSKY NM, 1992, GUIDES IDENTIFICATIO, V1; LAMPERT W, 1977, Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement, V48, P361; Lemke AM, 2003, FRESHWATER BIOL, V48, P589, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01034.x; MacArthur JW, 1929, J EXP ZOOL, V53, P221, DOI 10.1002/jez.1400530205; MAVUTI KM, 1994, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V272, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF00006520; Pagano M, 2008, J PLANKTON RES, V30, P401, DOI 10.1093/plankt/fbn014; Peters R, 1987, MEMORIE I ITALIANO I, V45, P502; PIANKA ER, 2000, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, P468; REPKA S, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P675; Sarma SSS, 2005, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V542, P315, DOI 10.1007/s10750-004-3247-2; SCHWARTZ SS, 1984, OIKOS, V42, P114, DOI 10.2307/3544616; VIJVERBERG J, 1989, FRESHWATER BIOL, V21, P317, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01369.x	32	6	8	2	17	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0018-8158			HYDROBIOLOGIA	Hydrobiologia	JUN	2011	668	1					109	115		10.1007/s10750-010-0501-7				7	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Marine & Freshwater Biology	758PN	WOS:000290177300007					2019-02-21	
J	Bonsall, MB; Klug, H				Bonsall, M. B.; Klug, H.			Effects of among-offspring relatedness on the origins and evolution of parental care and filial cannibalism	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						cooperation; life history evolution; offspring competition; parental care; theory	PERCEIVED PATERNITY; SEXUAL SELECTION; SAND GOBY; GENETICAL EVOLUTION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; BROOD REDUCTION; KIN RECOGNITION; NESTLING BIRDS; CONFLICT; BEHAVIOR	Parental care is expected to increase the likelihood of offspring survival at the cost of investment in future reproductive success. However, alternative parental behaviours, such as filial cannibalism, can decrease current reproductive success and consequently individual fitness. We evaluate the role of among-offspring relatedness on the evolution of parental care and filial cannibalism. Building on our previous work, we show how the evolution of care is influenced by the effect of among-offspring relatedness on both the strength of competition and filial cannibalism. When there is a positive relationship between among-offspring competition and relatedness, parental care will be favoured when among-offspring relatedness is relatively low, and the maintenance of both care and no-care strategies is expected. If the relationship between among-offspring competition and relatedness is negative, parental care is most strongly favoured when broods contain highly related offspring. Further, we highlight the range of conditions over which the level of this among-offspring relatedness can affect the co-occurrence of different care/no care and cannibalism/no cannibalism strategies. Coexistence of multiple strategies is independent of the effects of among-offspring relatedness on cannibalism but more likely when among-offspring relatedness and competition are positively associated.	[Bonsall, M. B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Math Ecol Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3DL, England; [Bonsall, M. B.] Univ Oxford, St Peters Coll, Oxford, England; [Klug, H.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Div Ecol & Evolut, Helsinki, Finland; [Klug, H.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA	Bonsall, MB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Math Ecol Res Grp, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3DL, England.	michael.bonsall@zoo.ox.ac.uk		Bonsall, Michael/0000-0003-0250-0423	Royal Society; NSF [0701286]	We thank Allen Moore and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this work. The work was supported by the Royal Society (to MBB) and an NSF International Research Program Fellowship [No. 0701286] (to HK).	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Evol. Biol.	JUN	2011	24	6					1335	1350		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02269.x				16	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	760GT	WOS:000290313500018	21507115	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Hahn, DC; Reisen, WK				Hahn, D. Caldwell; Reisen, William K.			Heightened Exposure to Parasites Favors the Evolution of Immunity in Brood Parasitic Cowbirds	EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Review						Ecoimmunology; Brood parasitism; Cowbird; West Nile virus; Parasite-mediated selection; Evolution of immunity	WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; NEW-WORLD BLACKBIRDS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CALIFORNIA BIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY; AVIAN HOST; TRADE-OFFS	Immunologists and evolutionary biologists are interested in how the immune system evolves to fit an ecological niche. We studied the relationship between exposure to parasites and strength of immunity by investigating the response of two species of New World cowbirds (genus Molothrus, Icteridae), obligate brood parasites with contrasting life history strategies, to experimental arboviral infection. The South American shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis) is an extreme host-generalist that lays its eggs in the nests of > 225 different avian species. The Central American bronzed cowbird (M. aeneus) is a relative host-specialist that lays its eggs preferentially in the nests of approximately 12 orioles in a single sister genus. West Nile virus provided a strong challenge and delineated immune differences between these species. The extreme host-generalist shiny cowbird, like the North American host-generalist, the brown-headed cowbird, showed significantly lower viremia to three arboviruses than related icterid species that were not brood parasites. The bronzed cowbird showed intermediate viremia. These findings support the interpretation that repeated exposure to a high diversity of parasites favors the evolution of enhanced immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds and makes them useful models for future studies of innate immunity.	[Hahn, D. Caldwell] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA; [Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Hahn, DC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.	chahn@usgs.gov			National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH [RO1-39483, RO1-AI47855, AI55607]; Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center	We thank Katsi Ramos Alvarez and Marilyn Colon, Division Recursos Terrestre, Puerto Rico for making shiny cowbirds available and arranging transport, and Scott Summers, The Nature Conservancy of Texas, for making bronzed cowbirds available and arranging transport. This research was funded, in part, by Research Grants RO1-39483, RO1-AI47855, and AI55607 from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, the Coachella Valley and Kern Mosquito and Vector Control Districts, special funds for the Mosquito Research Program allocated annually through the Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, and by base funds from USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank staff of the Center for Vectorborne Diseases for excellent technical support: V.M. Martinez, H.D. Lothrop, S.S. Wheeler and B.D. Carroll assisted with bird collections; V.M. Martinez assisted with bird maintenance and bleeding; and Y. Fang, M. Shafii, S. Garcia, R.E. Chiles and S. Ashtari assisted with laboratory diagnostics. We thank R.B. Payne, S.M. Lanyon, D. Mock, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.	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J	Hou, C; Bolt, K; Bergman, A				Hou, Chen; Bolt, Kendra; Bergman, Aviv			A General Life History Theory for Effects of Caloric Restriction on Health Maintenance	BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY			English	Article							DISPOSABLE SOMA THEORY; DIETARY RESTRICTION; FOOD RESTRICTION; METABOLIC-RATE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; RHESUS-MONKEYS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ONTOGENIC GROWTH; FISCHER-344 RATS	Background: Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to keep organisms in a relatively youthful and healthy state compared to ad libitum fed counterparts, as well as to extend the lifespan of a diverse set of organisms. Several attempts have been made to understand the underlying mechanisms from the viewpoint of energy tradeoffs in organisms' life histories. However, most models are based on assumptions which are difficult to justify, or are endowed with free-adjusting parameters whose biological relevancy is unclear. Results: In this paper, we derive a general quantitative, predictive model based on physiological data for endotherms. We test the hypothesis that an animal's state of health is correlated with biological mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of that animal's functional integrities. Such mechanisms require energy. By suppressing animals' caloric energy supply and biomass synthesis, CR alters animals' energy allocation strategies and channels additional energy to those maintenance mechanisms, therefore enhancing their performance. Our model corroborates the observation that CR's effects on health maintenance are positively correlated with the degree and duration of CR. Furthermore, our model shows that CR's effects on health maintenance are negatively correlated to the temperature drop observed in endothermic animals, and is positively correlated to animals' body masses. These predictions can be tested by further experimental research. Conclusion: Our model reveals how animals will alter their energy budget when food availability is low, and offers better understanding of the tradeoffs between growth and somatic maintenance; therefore shedding new light on aging research from an energetic viewpoint.	[Hou, Chen; Bolt, Kendra; Bergman, Aviv] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA; [Hou, Chen] China Agr Univ, Key Lab Agr Engn Struct & Environm, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China	Hou, C (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.	houc75@gmail.com; aviv@einstein.yu.edu		Hou, Chen/0000-0002-3665-225X	Ellison Medical Foundation [AG-SS-2235]; NIH [R01-AG028872, P01-AG027734]	We gratefully acknowledge the careful reviews and excellent suggestions of two anonymous reviewers of earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Ellison Medical Foundation Senior Scholar Award AG-SS-2235, and NIH grants R01-AG028872, and P01-AG027734.	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J	Pinsky, ML; Jensen, OP; Ricard, D; Palumbi, SR				Pinsky, Malin L.; Jensen, Olaf P.; Ricard, Daniel; Palumbi, Stephen R.			Unexpected patterns of fisheries collapse in the world's oceans	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						body size; ecosystem-based management; food webs; life-history theory; marine conservation	MARINE FOOD WEBS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; EXTINCTION RISK; FISH; POPULATIONS; VULNERABILITY; MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC; EXPLOITATION; CONSERVATION	Understanding which species are most vulnerable to human impacts is a prerequisite for designing effective conservation strategies. Surveys of terrestrial species have suggested that large-bodied species and top predators are the most at risk, and it is commonly assumed that such patterns also apply in the ocean. However, there has been no global test of this hypothesis in the sea. We analyzed two fisheries datasets (stock assessments and landings) to determine the life-history traits of species that have suffered dramatic population collapses. Contrary to expectations, our data suggest that up to twice as many fisheries for small, low trophic-level species have collapsed compared with those for large predators. These patterns contrast with those on land, suggesting fundamental differences in the ways that industrial fisheries and land conversion affect natural communities. Even temporary collapses of small, low trophic-level fishes can have ecosystem-wide impacts by reducing food supply to larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals.	[Pinsky, Malin L.; Palumbi, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA; [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; [Ricard, Daniel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada	Pinsky, ML (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.	malin.pinsky@gmail.com	Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015; Jensen, Olaf/E-4947-2011; Ricard, Daniel/G-1814-2014	Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952; 	National Science Foundation; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowships; David H. Smith Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Science Foundation Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organizaton [1041678]; Census of Marine Life/Future of Marine Animal Populations; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Foundation for Innovation	This research was part of a National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Distributed Graduate Seminar. We thank T. Branch, R. Hilborn, and B. Worm for insightful feedback. J. Baum, C. Minto, R. Froese, and S. Tracey helped with database development. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation and National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowships (to M. L. P.), a David H. Smith Postdoctoral Fellowship (to O.P.J.), National Science Foundation Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organizaton Grant 1041678 (to O.P.J.), and the Census of Marine Life/Future of Marine Animal Populations (D. 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J, 1992, QUANTITATIVE FISHERI; Winemiller KO, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P872, DOI 10.1139/F05-040; Worm B, 2006, SCIENCE, V314, P787, DOI 10.1126/science.1132294; Worm B, 2009, SCIENCE, V325, P578, DOI 10.1126/science.1173146	48	110	114	2	107	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	MAY 17	2011	108	20					8317	8322		10.1073/pnas.1015313108				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	765OZ	WOS:000290719600050	21536889	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Brandt, R; Navas, CA				Brandt, Renata; Navas, Carlos A.			Life-History Evolution on Tropidurinae Lizards: Influence of Lineage, Body Size and Climate	PLOS ONE			English	Article							RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; LOWLAND RAIN-FOREST; PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL; EGG SIZE; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL; IGUANID LIZARDS; EASTERN BRAZIL; SQUAMATA	The study of life history variation is central to the evolutionary theory. In many ectothermic lineages, including lizards, life history traits are plastic and relate to several sources of variation including body size, which is both a factor and a life history trait likely to modulate reproductive parameters. Larger species within a lineage, for example tend to be more fecund and have larger clutch size, but clutch size may also be influenced by climate, independently of body size. Thus, the study of climatic effects on lizard fecundity is mandatory on the current scenario of global climatic change. We asked how body and clutch size have responded to climate through time in a group of tropical lizards, the Tropidurinae, and how these two variables relate to each other. We used both traditional and phylogenetic comparative methods. Body and clutch size are variable within Tropidurinae, and both traits are influenced by phylogenetic position. Across the lineage, species which evolved larger size produce more eggs and neither trait is influenced by temperature components. A climatic component of precipitation, however, relates to larger female body size, and therefore seems to exert an indirect relationship on clutch size. This effect of precipitation on body size is likely a correlate of primary production. A decrease in fecundity is expected for Tropidurinae species on continental landmasses, which are predicted to undergo a decrease in summer rainfall.	[Brandt, Renata; Navas, Carlos A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, Brazil	Brandt, R (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, Brazil.	rbrandt@ib.usp.br	Brandt, Renata/H-4112-2013; Navas, Carlos/B-2138-2013	Brandt, Renata/0000-0002-8725-2360; Navas, Carlos/0000-0002-9859-0568	FAPESP [03/13235-4, 2003/01577-8, 2008/57687-0]	R. B. was supported by a doctoral fellowship of FAPESP (03/13235-4). C.A.N. was funded by FAPESP (2003/01577-8 and 2008/57687-0). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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D., 2007, ECOLOGY BEHAV AMPHIB; Wiederhecker HC, 2002, J HERPETOL, V36, P82, DOI 10.2307/1565806; Yom-Tov Y, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V148, P213, DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0364-9; YOMTOV Y, 1986, BIOL J LINN SOC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb00278.x	72	23	23	0	25	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE	SAN FRANCISCO	1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA	1932-6203			PLOS ONE	PLoS One	MAY 13	2011	6	5							e20040	10.1371/journal.pone.0020040				7	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	763LP	WOS:000290558500042	21603641	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Rogers, L; Koch, A				Rogers, Lock; Koch, Alan			The evolution of sex-change timing under environmental uncertainty: a test by simulation	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						asymmetric fitness surface; early sex change; genetic algorithm; probabilistic size-advantage	THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM PISCES; CORAL-REEF FISH; BLUEHEAD WRASSE; JENSENS INEQUALITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; LABRIDAE; HERMAPHRODITISM; REPRODUCTION; ANIMALS	Background: Life-history theory predicts that selection for changing from an initial sex to a second sex exists when the size- or age-specific reproductive-rate curves for males and females cross. The optimal timing of sex change will be the size or age at which the curves cross. But wild populations of many sex-changing fishes do not follow this prediction; individuals generally change sex at a size or age at which the sex that they become cannot yet reproduce. This phenomenon is termed 'early sex change'. Question: Does uncertainty in the advent of successful reproduction in the second sex favour the evolution of early sex change? Method: Genetically explicit simulation to track the evolution of sex change timing. Key assumption: Reproduction in the initial sex (female) is assured but of low value, whereas reproduction in the second sex (male) is uncertain but of high value. Organisms: Our model is primarily based on the natural history of the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum, but is designed to apply to many other species of sex-changing fishes. Results: Early sex change rapidly evolved under the conditions of the model. Moreover, the timing of sex change became highly variable within a population. The mean age of switching from female to male depended on the ratio of male to female reproductive rates: the higher the ratio, the earlier the mean age at which females switched. A second mechanism for early sex change arose from the asymmetrical fitness surface of females: those that switch earlier than the optimum time pay a smaller fitness penalty than those that switch later.	[Rogers, Lock] Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Biol, Decatur, GA 30030 USA; [Koch, Alan] Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Math, Decatur, GA 30030 USA	Rogers, L (reprint author), Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Biol, 141 E Coll Ave, Decatur, GA 30030 USA.	lrogers@agnesscott.edu					ALDENHOVEN JM, 1986, AUST J MAR FRESH RES, V37, P353; BRODIE ED, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89117-X; Darwin C., 1859, ORIGIN SPECIES MEANS; GHISELIN MT, 1969, Q REV BIOL, V44, P189, DOI 10.1086/406066; HOFFMAN SG, 1985, EVOLUTION, V39, P915, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00432.x; Holland J. H., 1975, ADAPTATION NATURAL A; Iwasa Y, 1991, BEHAV ECOL, V2, P56, DOI 10.1093/beheco/2.1.56; LEIGH EG, 1976, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V73, P3656, DOI 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3656; Martin TL, 2008, AM NAT, V171, pE102, DOI 10.1086/527502; Moyer J. T., 1984, J ETHOL, V2, P63; Petersen CW, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P237, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.2.237; PHILLIPS PC, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1209, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02569.x; Rogers L, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P447, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.447; Rogers L, 2001, AM NAT, V158, P543, DOI 10.1086/323119; Rogers L., 1998, THESIS U KENTUCKY LE; Ruel JJ, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P361, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01664-X; SCHULTZ ET, 1991, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V30, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF02028849; Seger J., 1987, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V4, P182; THRESHER RE, 1979, MAR BIOL, V53, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF00389187; Warner R.R., 1978, SMITH CONT ZOOL, P254; Warner R. R., 1977, P 3 INT S COR REEFS, V1, P275; WARNER RR, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P148, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00268.x; WARNER RR, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P1421, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01134.x; WARNER RR, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P61, DOI 10.1086/282974; WARNER RR, 1991, BIOL BULL-US, V181, P199, DOI 10.2307/1542090; WARNER RR, 1975, SCIENCE, V190, P633, DOI 10.1126/science.1188360	26	2	2	0	16	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	MAY	2011	13	4					387	399						13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	873GA	WOS:000298867900005					2019-02-21	
J	Shustack, DP; Rodewald, AD				Shustack, Daniel P.; Rodewald, Amanda D.			Nest predation reduces benefits to early clutch initiation in northern cardinals Cardinalis cardinalis	JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							BIRDS BREEDING SEASONS; MAGPIES PICA-PICA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MIGRATORY BIRD; GREAT TIT; LAYING DATE; BLUE TITS; URBAN; SIZE; TIME	Life history theory and empirical studies suggest that early breeding confers higher reproductive success, but the extent to which this advantage can be generalized to human-dominated systems and across species is less well understood. We studied the fitness consequences of clutch initiation for 181 female northern cardinals Cardinalis cardinalis and 1228 nests in forests within urban and rural landscapes of Ohio, USA between 2004-2007. Cardinals that bred earlier made significantly more nesting attempts, but cumulative number of young fledged was similar to that of later-breeding individuals. The expected number of fledglings produced per successful nest was unrelated to date and remained similar to 1.8 fledglings across the season, despite the fact that nest survival rates improved dramatically as the season progressed. Because the probability of resighting breeding individuals in subsequent years was unrelated to first clutch initiation date, we have no evidence that clutch initiation affected adult survival. The absence of a clear benefit to early breeding appears to be a consequence of high rates of nest predation early in the breeding season.	[Shustack, Daniel P.; Rodewald, Amanda D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Shustack, Daniel P.] Massachusetts Coll Liberal Arts, Environm Stud Dept, N Adams, MA 01247 USA	Shustack, DP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Res, 2021 Coffey Rd,210 Kottman Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.	Daniel.Shustack@mcla.edu	Rodewald, Amanda/D-2038-2012; Rodewald, Amanda/I-6308-2016	Rodewald, Amanda/0000-0002-6719-6306	NSF [DEB-0340879, DEB-0639429]; Ohio Division of Wildl.; US Fish and Wildl. Service; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center	Funding was provided by the NSF DEB-0340879 and DEB-0639429 to ADR, Ohio Division of Wildl. and US Fish and Wildl. Service through the State Wildl. Grant program, and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. We are grateful to M. H. Bakermans, K. L. Borgmann, L. J. Kearns, F. V. L. Leston, J. R. Smith-Castro and N. Sundell-Turner for their dedicated efforts in the field and laboratory. We thank the following technicians for their help in the field: T. Brown, M. Carll, J. Fullerton, A. Gilmore, B. Graves, J. Gray, S. Hazzard, A. Highland, L. Hitchcock, M. Howie, E. Interis, T. Jones, M. Kanode, J. Kim, L. Koerner, S. Landes, W. Li, T. Magarian, A. Maruster, L. McArthur, J. McConnell, D. Miller, J. Morcillo-Blanco, M. Nelson, E. Norris, C. O'Dell., A. Peterson, M. Santiago, K. Upstrom, B. Van Allen, and A. Vitz. We are grateful to the Franklin County Metro Parks, Columbus Recreation and Parks, Ohio Division of Wildl., the Nature Conserv., City of Bexley, Gahanna Parks and Recr. and private landowners for their cooperation and access to sites. Sound recordings of northern cardinals used for capturing individuals were provided by the Borror Lab. of Bioacoustics, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH, all rights reserved. Banding was conducted under the USFWS banding permit to Paul Rodewald.	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Avian Biol.	MAY	2011	42	3					204	209		10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05231.x				6	Ornithology	Zoology	788XN	WOS:000292477800002					2019-02-21	
J	Rebstock, GA; Boersma, PD				Rebstock, Ginger A.; Boersma, P. Dee			PARENTAL BEHAVIOR CONTROLS INCUBATION PERIOD AND ASYNCHRONY OF HATCHING IN MAGELLANIC PENGUINS	CONDOR			English	Article						egg temperature; incubation behavior; incubation period; onset of incubation; Spheniscus magellanicus	PETREL OCEANODROMA-FURCATA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EGG TEMPERATURE; SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS; ROCKHOPPER PENGUINS; NEST DESERTION; ADELIE PENGUIN; BIRDS; SIZE; ATTENTIVENESS	In many species of birds, periods of incubation of eggs within a clutch depend on the order in which the eggs were laid and determine whether the eggs hatch asynchronously or on the same day. Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) lay two eggs 4 days apart that hatch 2 days apart; first eggs take 41 days to hatch, and second eggs take 39 days. We tested whether temperatures of the two eggs differ and whether delayed onset of incubation caused this pattern. First eggs were cooler than second eggs during their first few days (P < 0.001). First eggs averaged 23.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C in the first 24-48 hours after they were laid. Second eggs averaged 27.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C, warm enough for development. Egg temperature did not stabilize (33.9 degrees C) until eggs were about 18 days old. We swapped first and second eggs of different nests to determine if parental behavior caused the differences in temperatures and incubation periods. First eggs treated as second eggs developed as fast as control second eggs, and second eggs treated as first eggs developed nearly as slowly (40 days) as control first eggs. First eggs that were stored in a cooler until second eggs were laid took 2 days longer to hatch than control first eggs. Parental incubation behavior explained why the incubation period of second eggs was shorter than that of first eggs and controlled asynchrony of hatching, which affects chick growth and survival.	[Rebstock, Ginger A.; Boersma, P. Dee] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Rebstock, Ginger A.; Boersma, P. Dee] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA	Rebstock, GA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	gar@u.washington.edu			Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); University of Washington; Exxonmobil Foundation; Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; National Geographic Society; CGMK foundation; Chase foundation; Cunningham foundation; Offield foundation; Peach foundation; Thorne foundation; Kellogg foundation; Wadsworth Endowed Chair in Conservation Science; Friends of the Penguins; Wadsworth Endowed chair	The Penguin Project, sponsored by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the University of Washington, has been funded for field work by the WCS, Exxonmobil Foundation, the Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation, the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, the National Geographic Society, the CGMK, Chase, Cunningham, Offield, Peach, Thorne, and Kellogg foundations, the Wadsworth Endowed Chair in Conservation Science, and Friends of the Penguins. Data analysis was funded by the Wadsworth Endowed chair and Offield Foundation. The research was carried out under a joint agreement between the WCS and the Office of Tourism, Province of Chubut, Argentina. We thank the Province of Chubut and the La Regina family for access to the penguin colony, and the many students and field volunteers who recorded data over the years. We thank S. Villarreal for help gathering egg temperatures and E. Lee, E. Wagner, C. Gravelle, E. Wilson, and B. Abrahms for help with the egg-swap experiment. Two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript.	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J	Nilsson, JF; Tobler, M; Nilsson, JA; Sandell, MI				Nilsson, Johan F.; Tobler, Michael; Nilsson, Jan-Ake; Sandell, Maria I.			Long-Lasting Consequences of Elevated Yolk Testosterone for Metabolism in the Zebra Finch	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							GENETIC CORRELATIONS; HORMONE DEPOSITION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; AVIAN EGGS; BROOD SIZE; COSTS; BASAL; HERITABILITY; SURVIVAL; BIRDS	Resting metabolic rate is a common way of quantifying the cost of living in endothermic animals. The trait often makes up a substantial part of an animal's energy budget and can also be related to sustainable peak work rate as well as to daily energy expenditure. Studies have shown that metabolic rates are often heritable, but much of the variation seems to be caused by other factors (e.g., environmental and maternal effects). In a previous study, in ovo exposure to increased levels of testosterone induced metabolic costs early in life. It is, however, unknown whether in ovo androgens also have long-term effects on individual metabolic rates. In this study, we show that experimentally increased levels of in ovo testosterone in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) result in a 7% higher resting metabolic rate when they are adults. This shows that maternally transferred hormones can induce long-term effects on metabolic demands and potentially influence variation in life-history strategies among offspring. Variation in maternal hormone transfer may also explain some of the large interindividual variation observed in metabolic rates.	[Nilsson, Johan F.; Tobler, Michael; Nilsson, Jan-Ake; Sandell, Maria I.] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Tobler, Michael] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	Nilsson, JF (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Ecol Bldg, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.	johan.nilsson@zooekol.lu.se	Nilsson, Johan/F-4141-2011; Tobler, Michael/B-2754-2013	Tobler, Michael/0000-0001-5895-6302; Nilsson, Johan/0000-0001-6744-6486	Swedish Research Council; Royal Physiographic Society in Lund	Constructive comments from two anonymous referees greatly improved the manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by the Swedish Research Council (to J.-A.N. and M.I.S.) and the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (to M.T.).	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Biochem. Zool.	MAY-JUN	2011	84	3					287	291		10.1086/659006				5	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	764WQ	WOS:000290665700006	21527819				2019-02-21	
J	Pollitt, LC; MacGregor, P; Matthews, K; Reece, SE				Pollitt, Laura C.; MacGregor, Paula; Matthews, Keith; Reece, Sarah E.			Malaria and trypanosome transmission: different parasites, same rules?	TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY			English	Review							AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; REPRODUCTIVE RESTRAINT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PLASMODIUM-CHABAUDI; EVOLUTION; BRUCEI; VIRULENCE; INFECTIONS; ECOLOGY	African trypanosomes produce different specialized stages for within-host replication and between-host transmission and therefore face a resource allocation trade-off between maintaining the current infection (survival) and investment into transmission (reproduction). Evolutionary theory predicts the resolution of this trade-off will significantly affect virulence and infectiousness. The application of life history theory to malaria parasites has provided novel insight into their strategies for survival and reproduction; how this framework can now be applied to trypanosomes is discussed. Specifically, predictions for how parasites trade-off investment in survival and transmission in response to variation in the within-host environment are outlined. An evolutionary approach has the power to explain why patterns of investment vary between strains and during infections, giving important insights into parasite biology.	[Pollitt, Laura C.; Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [MacGregor, Paula; Matthews, Keith] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Immunol & Infect Res, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Matthews, Keith; Reece, Sarah E.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland	Pollitt, LC (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.	laura.pollitt@ed.ac.uk	Reece, Sarah/C-9447-2009	Reece, Sarah/0000-0001-6716-6732; MacGregor, Paula/0000-0003-0919-3745; Matthews FMedSci FRSE, Professor Keith/0000-0003-0309-9184	NERC; Wellcome Trust	We thank Nicole Mideo and Giles K.P. Barra for discussion as well as three anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript. LCP is supported by a NERC studentship and PM, KM and SER by the Wellcome Trust.	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MAY	2011	27	5					197	203		10.1016/j.pt.2011.01.004				7	Parasitology	Parasitology	767XI	WOS:000290891700004	21345732	Green Published, Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Zhang, R; Heberling, JM; Haner, E; Shea, K				Zhang, Rui; Heberling, J. Mason; Haner, Emily; Shea, Katriona			Tolerance of two invasive thistles to repeated disturbance	ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH			English	Article						Disturbance; Tolerance; Invasive; Carduus nutans; Carduus acanthoides	HERB RORIPPA-PALUSTRIS; CARDUUS-ACANTHOIDES L; SOIL SEED BANKS; BARBAREA-VULGARIS; APICAL DOMINANCE; GLOBAL CHANGE; PLANT; DISPERSAL; HERBIVORY; SUCCESS	Many invasive species have short life cycles, high reproduction, and easily dispersed offspring that make them good ruderal species under disturbance. However, the tolerance of such ruderal species to disturbance is often overlooked. In a 2-year mowing study, we applied frequent intense disturbances to examine the tolerance of two congeneric invasive thistles, Carduus acanthoides and Carduus nutans, and potential differences in their responses. Our results show that both species can survive multiple mowing events, with C. acanthoides surviving repeated intense mowing through a whole season. Furthermore, C. acanthoides was found to adjust its growth form to the disturbance regime, and successfully overwintered and reproduced in the subsequent growing season if the disturbance was terminated. Our results support the idea that tolerance to disturbance should be considered when examining invasions by short-lived monocarpic species, since avoidance of disturbance via rapid life cycle completion and seed production, and tolerance of disturbance via regrowth can co-occur in these species. Consequently, management of short-lived invasives should take both life history strategies into account.	[Zhang, Rui; Heberling, J. Mason; Haner, Emily; Shea, Katriona] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA	Zhang, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.	ruz104@psu.edu	Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008	Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248; Heberling, Mason/0000-0003-0756-5090	USDA-CSREES [2002-35320-12289]; NSF [DEB-0815373]	We appreciate the help of Carrie Davila, Maria Stevens, Matthew Jennis, Jennifer Stella, Clayton Costa, Andrea Leshak, and Liza Senic in the field work. We are very grateful for comments from Suann Yang, Adam Miller, Katherine Marchetto, Ezra Schwartzberg, Eelke Jongejans, Laura Russo, Britta Teller, and two anonymous reviewers. We acknowledge the support of USDA-CSREES (Biology of Weedy and Invasive Plants) NRI grant #2002-35320-12289 and NSF grant #DEB-0815373 to K. S.	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H., 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	49	12	13	0	29	SPRINGER TOKYO	TOKYO	1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN	0912-3814			ECOL RES	Ecol. Res.	MAY	2011	26	3					575	581		10.1007/s11284-011-0816-5				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	763EW	WOS:000290538900012					2019-02-21	
J	Zhao, J; Chen, J				Zhao, Jin; Chen, Jin			Photosynthesis, growth and foliar herbivory of four Ardisia species (Myrsinaceae)	ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						Ardisia; Invasive species; Phenotypic plasticity; Photosynthetic characteristics; Enemy release	ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SHRUB CLIDEMIA-HIRTA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SHADE TOLERANCE; INVASIVE PLANTS; MORPHOLOGICAL PLASTICITY; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; LEAF-AREA	Ardisia elliptica is an understory shrub endemic to Southeast Asia and has become a notorious invasive plant in Florida. In this study, we determined the photosynthetic capacity of A. elliptica and phylogenetically related species under four levels of irradiations. In addition, the levels of damage from natural insect herbivory of these four species under common garden conditions were investigated. The results show that A. elliptica had the higher photosynthetic capacity and the relative growth rate (RGR) which could be attributed to its high light-saturated photosynthetic rates (P-max), relatively low respiratory rate (R-d) and the increasing specific leaf area (SLA) with decreasing irradiation. A. elliptica also exhibited high phenotypic plasticity for photosynthetic traits in response to different irradiations including LSPT, P-max and RGR. Comparing to its congeners, A. elliptica suffered consistently severe damage from natural herbivory. Our results suggest that high photosynthetic capacity and high phenotypic plasticity could enable A. elliptica become a nuisance with the absence of natural enemies in introduced habitats, especially in those disturbed environments with high-light conditions. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	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J	Jorgensen, C; Auer, SK; Reznick, DN				Jorgensen, Christian; Auer, Sonya K.; Reznick, David N.			A Model for Optimal Offspring Size in Fish, Including Live-Bearing and Parental Effects	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						growth rate; life-history evolution; live-bearing; maternal effects; mortality; offspring size	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; MARINE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; TELEOST FISHES; PROPAGULE SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; NATURAL MORTALITY	Since Smith and Fretwell's seminal article in 1974 on the optimal offspring size, most theory has assumed a trade-off between offspring number and offspring fitness, where larger offspring have better survival or fitness, but with diminishing returns. In this article, we use two ubiquitous biological mechanisms to derive the shape of this trade-off: the offspring's growth rate combined with its size-dependent mortality (predation). For a large parameter region, we obtain the same sigmoid relationship between offspring size and offspring survival as Smith and Fretwell, but we also identify parameter regions where the optimal offspring size is as small or as large as possible. With increasing growth rate, the optimal offspring size is smaller. We then integrate our model with strategies of parental care. Egg guarding that reduces egg mortality favors smaller or larger offspring, depending on how mortality scales with size. For live-bearers, the survival of offspring to birth is a function of maternal survival; if the mother's survival increases with her size, then the model predicts that larger mothers should produce larger offspring. When using parameters for Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata, differences in both growth and size-dependent predation are required to predict observed differences in offspring size between wild populations from high- and low-predation environments.	[Jorgensen, Christian] Uni Res, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Auer, Sonya K.; Reznick, David N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	Jorgensen, C (reprint author), Uni Res, Box 7810, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.	christian.jorgensen@bio.uib.no	Jorgensen, Christian/B-4453-2009	Jorgensen, Christian/0000-0001-7087-4625; reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	Research Council of Norway; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB0416085, EF0623632]	We thank F. Bashey and reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. C.J. thanks the Research Council of Norway for funding to stay at University of California-Riverside and the members of the Reznick lab and their colleagues for a stimulating scientific and social environment. S.K.A. was funded by a Nordic Research Opportunity grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Research Council of Norway. D.N.R. was supported by grants DEB0416085 and EF0623632 from the NSF.	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Nat.	MAY	2011	177	5					E119	E135		10.1086/659622				17	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	758GO	WOS:000290151500001	21508600				2019-02-21	
J	Fischer, B; Dieckmann, U; Taborsky, B				Fischer, Barbara; Dieckmann, Ulf; Taborsky, Barbara			WHEN TO STORE ENERGY IN A STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENT	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Life-history evolution; models; simulations; phenotypic plasticity; trade-offs	OPTIMAL RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; LIFE-HISTORY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; RESERVE MATERIALS; REACTION NORMS; FAT RESERVES; OPTIMAL SIZE; ANNUAL PLANT; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION	The ability to store energy enables organisms to deal with temporarily harsh and uncertain conditions. Empirical studies have demonstrated that organisms adapted to fluctuating energy availability plastically adjust their storage strategies. So far, however, theoretical studies have investigated general storage strategies only in constant or deterministically varying environments. In this study, we analyze how the ability to store energy influences optimal energy allocation to storage, reproduction, and maintenance in environments in which energy availability varies stochastically. We find that allocation to storage is evolutionarily optimal when environmental energy availability is intermediate and energy stores are not yet too full. In environments with low variability and low predictability of energy availability, it is not optimal to store energy. As environments become more variable or more predictable, energy allocation to storage is increasingly favored. By varying environmental variability, environmental predictability, and the cost of survival, we obtain a variety of different optimal life-history strategies, from highly iteroparous to semelparous, which differ significantly in their storage patterns. Our results demonstrate that in a stochastically varying environment simultaneous allocation to reproduction, maintenance, and storage can be optimal, which contrasts with previous findings obtained for deterministic environments.	[Fischer, Barbara; Dieckmann, Ulf; Taborsky, Barbara] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Fischer, Barbara; Taborsky, Barbara] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Dept Behav Ecol, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland	Fischer, B (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth CEES, POB 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.	barbara.fischer@bio.uio.no	Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011	Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Taborsky, Barbara/0000-0003-1690-8155	Austrian Science Fund FWF [P18647-B16]; Swiss National Foundation SNF [3100A0-111796]; European Science Foundation; Austrian Science Fund; Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; Vienna Science and Technology Fund; European Community [MRTN-CT-2004-005578]; Specific Targeted Research Project FinE [SSP-2006-044276]	This study was funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant P18647-B16 to BT) and by the Swiss National Foundation SNF (grant 3100A0-111796 to BT). UD acknowledges support by the European Science Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research, the Vienna Science and Technology Fund, and the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme, through the Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE (Fisheries-induced adaptive changes in exploited stocks, grant MRTN-CT-2004-005578) and the Specific Targeted Research Project FinE (Fisheries-induced evolution, grant SSP-2006-044276).	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F., 1959, EXPTL CELL RES, V7, P111, DOI 10.1016/0014-4827(59)90237-X	65	20	21	5	35	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0014-3820	1558-5646		EVOLUTION	Evolution	MAY	2011	65	5					1221	1232		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01198.x				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	754YE	WOS:000289893000002	21108636	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Salesa, MJ; Sanchez, IM; Azanza, B; DeMiguel, D; Morales, J				Salesa, Manuel J.; Sanchez, Israel M.; Azanza, Beatriz; DeMiguel, Daniel; Morales, Jorge			SYSTEMATICS AND TAXONOMY OF THE SPANISH ANCHITHERIINAE, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGES: A COMMENT ON ERONEN ET AL.	EVOLUTION			English	Editorial Material						Adaptive radiation; Fossils; Herbivory; Life-History Evolution; Morphological Evolution	MIOCENE; EXPANSION	In a recent paper, <link rid="b2">Eronen et al. (2010; hereafter EEFJ) observe differences in occlusal morphology, tooth crown height, and mesowear pattern between populations of the Miocene tridactyl equid Anchitherium from Spain and Germany, proposing that Spanish Anchitherium underwent adaptive evolution to local or regional arid conditions. However, these authors do not take into account the actual diversity of Iberian representatives of Anchitherium, or the fact that the Spanish fossils cover a wider temporal and geographical range than those from Germany. For these reasons, we suggest that their subsequent statistical work should be reconsidered.	[Salesa, Manuel J.; Sanchez, Israel M.; Morales, Jorge] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Paleobiol, E-28006 Madrid, Spain; [Azanza, Beatriz] Univ Zaragoza, Inst Univ Invest Ciencias Ambientales Aragon IUCA, Dept Ciencias Tierra, Area Paleontol, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; [DeMiguel, Daniel] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Catala Paleont ICP, E-08193 Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain	Salesa, MJ (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Paleobiol, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.	msalesa@mncn.csic.es; israelms@mncn.csic.es; azanza@unizar.es; daniel.demiguel@icp.cat; mcnm166@mncn.csic.es	Salesa, Manuel/L-1606-2015; Morales, Jorge/L-1476-2014; Azanza, Beatriz/B-5206-2008	Salesa, Manuel/0000-0003-0404-7896; Morales, Jorge/0000-0001-5170-5754; Azanza, Beatriz/0000-0003-2487-547X			DeMiguel D, 2010, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V289, P81, DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.010; Eronen JT, 2010, EVOLUTION, V64, P398, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00830.x; Hernandez Fernandez Manuel, 2003, Coloquios de Paleontologia Volumen Extraordinario, V1, P253; Holbourn A, 2005, NATURE, V438, P483, DOI 10.1038/nature04123; Sanchez I. M., 1998, Estudios Geologicos (Madrid), V54, P39; Shevenell AE, 2004, SCIENCE, V305, P1766, DOI 10.1126/science.1100061; Shevenell AE, 2004, GEOPH MONOG SERIES, V151, P235; Zachos J, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P686, DOI 10.1126/science.1059412	8	1	1	1	4	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0014-3820			EVOLUTION	Evolution	MAY	2011	65	5					1506	1510		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01219.x				5	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	754YE	WOS:000289893000024	21521200	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	McIntyre, MH; Kacerosky, PM				McIntyre, Matthew H.; Kacerosky, Pamela M.			Age and Size at Maturity in Women: A Norm of Reaction?	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							MENARCHEAL AGE; ADULT STATURE; BODY-SIZE; SECULAR CHANGES; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT; PUBERTAL MATURATION; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; SOUTHERN MEXICO; HUMAN-EVOLUTION	Objectives: We present the first review and meta-analysis of the association between adult stature and age at menarche over a broad range of human societies. We then outline possible biological explanations for observed empirical associations. Methods: We analyzed the association between adult stature and age at menarche in 141 samples from published reports, including 35 samples for which the within-sample association was also reported. Results: Overall and in small-scale societies, later age at menarche is associated with shorter adult stature. However, both between and within samples from industrialized societies, later age at menarche is associated with taller adult stature. Conclusions: The pattern of associations between adult stature and age at menarche may be explicable as a norm of reaction that evolved according to predictions of life history theory. However, nonadaptive explanations are also plausible, especially for the positive association observed in industrialized societies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 23: 305-312, 2011. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	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J. Hum. Biol.	MAY	2011	23	3					305	312		10.1002/ajhb.21122				8	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	747XN	WOS:000289354700003	21484909				2019-02-21	
J	Baker, MR; Kendall, NW; Branch, TA; Schindler, DE; Quinn, TP				Baker, Matthew R.; Kendall, Neala W.; Branch, Trevor A.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Quinn, Thomas P.			Selection due to nonretention mortality in gillnet fisheries for salmon	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Article						conservation biology; contemporary evolution; fisheries management; life history evolution; phenotypic plasticity; population dynamics	SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; INDUCED EVOLUTION; RIVER SYSTEM; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; FISH STOCKS; BRISTOL BAY; AGE	Fisheries often exert selective pressures through elevated mortality on a nonrandom component of exploited stocks. Selective removal of individuals will alter the composition of a given population, with potential consequences for its size structure, stability and evolution. Gillnets are known to harvest fish according to size. It is not known, however, whether delayed mortality due to disentanglement from gillnets exerts selective pressures that reinforce or counteract harvest selection. We examined gillnet disentanglement in exploited populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, to characterize the length distribution of fish that disentangle from gillnets and determine whether nonretention mortality reinforces harvest selection and exerts common pressures according to sex and age. We also evaluated discrete spawning populations to determine whether nonretention affects populations with different morphologies in distinct ways. In aggregate, nonretention mortality in fish that disentangle from gillnets counters harvest selection but with different effects by sex and age. At the level of individual spawning populations, nonretention mortality may exert stabilizing, disruptive, or directional selection depending on the size distribution of a given population. Our analyses suggest nonretention mortality exerts significant selective pressures and should be explicitly included in analyses of fishery-induced selection.	[Baker, Matthew R.; Kendall, Neala W.; Branch, Trevor A.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA	Baker, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	mattbakr@uw.edu	Branch, Trevor/A-5691-2009		Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation; Pacific Seafood Processors Association; Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund; Environmental Protection Agency	We gratefully acknowledge T. Baker, M. Jones, T. Sands, G. Gablehouse and colleagues at the ADFG for consultation and for coordinating sampling and compiling data related to the Wood River. We thank S. Alin, J. Armstrong, J. Bennis, K. Bentley, C. Boatright, J. Carter, K. Doctor, D. Dougherty, M. Haraldsson, A. Hicks, A. Hilborn, R. Hilborn, G. Holtgrieve, C. Gowell, S. Kroitz, P. Lisi, J. Mudra, A. Paulsen, L. Payne, G. Pess, T. Reed, J. Reum, L. Rogers, C. Ruff, S. Sethi, and C. Vynne for assistance in the field. We also thank J. Hard and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments. Funding for this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity Program, the Pacific Seafood Processors Association, the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund, and the Environmental Protection Agency STAR graduate fellowship program (to M. Baker).	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Appl.	MAY	2011	4	3					429	443		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00154.x				15	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	751TD	WOS:000289639600002	25567993	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Bell, AM; Dingemanse, NJ; Hankison, SJ; Langenhof, MBW; Rollins, K				Bell, A. M.; Dingemanse, N. J.; Hankison, S. J.; Langenhof, M. B. W.; Rollins, K.			Early exposure to nonlethal predation risk by size-selective predators increases somatic growth and decreases size at adulthood in threespined sticklebacks	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						fish; Gasterosteus aculeatus; growth; life history evolution; phenotypic plasticity; size at maturity	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; QUEEN-CHARLOTTE ISLANDS; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; TRADE-OFF; INDUCED PLASTICITY; DAPHNIA-PULEX; BEHAVIORAL-DIFFERENCES; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SOCKEYE-SALMON	Predation has an important influence on life history traits in many organisms, especially when they are young. When cues of trout were present, juvenile sticklebacks grew faster. The increase in body size as a result of exposure to cues of predators was adaptive because larger individuals were more likely to survive predation. However, sticklebacks that had been exposed to cues of predators were smaller at adulthood. This result is consistent with some life history theory. However, these results prompt an alternative hypothesis, which is that the decreased size at adulthood reflects a deferred cost of early rapid growth. Compared to males, females were more likely to survive predation, but female size at adulthood was more affected by cues of predators than male size at adulthood, suggesting that size at adulthood might be more important to male fitness than to female fitness.	[Bell, A. M.] Univ Illinois, Sch Integrat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Dingemanse, N. J.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Behav Ecol & Evolutionary Genet, Seewiesen, Germany; [Hankison, S. J.] Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Delaware, OH 43015 USA; [Langenhof, M. B. W.] Univ Groningen, Anim Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands; [Langenhof, M. B. W.] Univ Groningen, Dept Behav Biol, Ctr Behav & Neurosci, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands; [Rollins, K.] Illinois State Univ, Bloomington, IL USA	Bell, AM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Integrat Biol, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.	alisonmb@life.uiuc.edu		Langenhof, M. Rohaa/0000-0003-3434-4357	Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [863.05.002]	We thank Judy Stamps, Bob Wootton and David Alvarez for advice about growth, and Steve Kreuger, Lindsay Marquardt and David Ernst for technical help. Judy Stamps, Helen Rodd, Anna Price and Dorina Szuroczki provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NJD was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (grant 863.05.002). This work was carried out under approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Illinois (Protocol #06178).	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Evol. Biol.	MAY	2011	24	5					943	953		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02247.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	752LM	WOS:000289692700002	21375647	Green Accepted, Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Lahdenpera, M; Lummaa, V; Russell, AF				Lahdenpera, M.; Lummaa, V.; Russell, A. F.			Selection on male longevity in a monogamous human population: late-life survival brings no additional grandchildren	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						ageing; grandmother hypothesis; life-history evolution; marriage patterns; mating system; senescence; sexual conflict	PREINDUSTRIAL HUMAN-POPULATIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEXUAL CONFLICT; EVOLUTION; SENESCENCE; FITNESS; SPAN; MENOPAUSE; BENEFITS; SWEDEN	Humans are exceptionally long-lived for mammals of their size. In men, lifespan is hypothesized to evolve from benefits of reproduction throughout adult life. We use multi-generational data from pre-industrial Finland, where remarriage was possible only after spousal death, to test selection pressures on male longevity in four monogamous populations. Men showed several behaviours consistent with attempting to accrue direct fitness throughout adult life and sired more children in their lifetimes if they lost their first wife and remarried. However, remarriage did not increase grandchild production because it compromised the success of motherless first-marriage offspring. Overall, grandchild production was not improved by living beyond 51 years and was reduced by living beyond 65. Our results highlight the importance of using grandchild production to understand selection on human life-history traits. We conclude that selection for (or enforcement of) lifetime monogamy will select for earlier reproductive investment and against increased lifespan in men.	[Lahdenpera, M.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland; [Lummaa, V.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Russell, A. F.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England; [Russell, A. F.] CNRS Moulis, Stn Ecol Expt, Moulis, France	Lahdenpera, M (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.	mirkka.lahdenpera@utu.fi			Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation; Alfred Kordelin Foundation; Finnish Cultural Foundation; European Research Council; Royal Society, UK	We thank Lasse Iso-Iivari, Kimmo Pokkinen, Aino Siitonen, Veli-Pekka Toropainen and Timo Verho for collecting the Finnish demographic data; Ben Hatchwell and two anonymous referees for helping to clarify the message; and Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (ML), Alfred Kordelin Foundation (ML), Finnish Cultural Foundation (ML), the European Research Council (VL), and the Royal Society Research Fellowship scheme, UK (VL, AFR) for funding.	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Evol. Biol.	MAY	2011	24	5					1053	1063		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02237.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	752LM	WOS:000289692700011	21348903	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	McGlauflin, MT; Schindler, DE; Seeb, LW; Smith, CT; Habicht, C; Seeb, JE				McGlauflin, Molly T.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Smith, Christian T.; Habicht, Christopher; Seeb, James E.			Spawning Habitat and Geography Influence Population Structure and Juvenile Migration Timing of Sockeye Salmon in the Wood River Lakes, Alaska	TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY			English	Article							SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; BERING-SEA; SELECTION; EVOLUTION	The strict homing of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka results in reproductively isolated populations that often spawn in close proximity and share rearing habitat. High spawning fidelity enables these populations to adapt to local conditions, resulting in a wide range of life history characteristics and genetic variation within individual watersheds. The Wood River system in southwestern Alaska provides a pristine, well-studied system in which to examine fine-scale population structure and its influences on juvenile life histories. Adult sockeye salmon spawn in lake beaches, rivers, and small tributaries throughout this watershed, and juveniles rear in five nursery lakes. We genotyped 30 spawning populations and 6,066 migrating smolts at 45 single nucleotide polymorphism loci, two of which are candidates for positive selection in the study system. We show that there is significant genetic structure (F-ST = 0.032) in the Wood River lakes and that divergence is generally related to spawning rather than nursery habitat (hierarchical analysis of molecular variance; P < 0.05). Four groups of populations were identified based on genetic structure and used to determine the composition of unknown mixtures of migrating smolts using a Bayesian modeling framework. We demonstrate that smolt migration timing is related to genetic structure; stream and river populations dominate catches in early June, while beach spawners and the populations in Lake Kulik are more prevalent from mid-June to early September. Age-2 smolts are primarily produced by the Lake Kulik and beach spawning populations, showing that genetic differences may reflect divergent freshwater and migration life history strategies. These results indicate that local adaptation to spawning habitat influences genetic divergence in the Wood River lakes, affecting both adult and juvenile life stages of sockeye salmon.	[McGlauflin, Molly T.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [McGlauflin, Molly T.; Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA; [Habicht, Christopher] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA	McGlauflin, MT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	molly_mcglauflin@fws.gov		Smith, Christian/0000-0002-4052-2669	Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation	This work would not have been possible without the help of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Gene Conservation Laboratory in Anchorage, which provided many of the genotypes for the baseline; the Alaska Salmon Program at the University of Washington; and the staff of the Aleknagik and Nerka field camps who helped collect the samples. Many thanks to the students and staff of the International Program for Salmon Ecological Genetics at the University of Washington for their assistance in and out of the laboratory; this project would not have been possible without their support. Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.	Ackerman MW, 2011, T AM FISH SOC, V140, P865, DOI 10.1080/00028487.2011.588137; BAKER TT, 2006, ALASKA DEP FISH GAME, V605; Beaumont MA, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1619, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0237; Beckman Brian R., 1998, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, V18, P537, DOI 10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0537:ROFSAG>2.0.CO;2; Burgner R. L, 1962, STUDIES ALASKA RED S, P247; Carlson SM, 2009, EVOLUTION, V63, P1244, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00643.x; Creelman EK, 2011, T AM FISH SOC, V140, P749, DOI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584494; Debevec EM, 2000, J HERED, V91, P509, DOI 10.1093/jhered/91.6.509; Elfstrom CM, 2006, MOL ECOL NOTES, V6, P1255, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01507.x; Excoffier L, 2009, HEREDITY, V103, P285, DOI 10.1038/hdy.2009.74; EXCOFFIER L, 1992, GENETICS, V131, P479; Excoffier L, 2010, MOL ECOL RESOUR, V10, P564, DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x; Garcia LV, 2004, OIKOS, V105, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13046.x; Gomez-Uchida D, 2011, BMC EVOL BIOL, V11, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-11-48; GOUDET J, 2009, PCAGEN VERSION 1 2 1; Habicht C, 2010, T AM FISH SOC, V139, P1171, DOI 10.1577/T09-149.1; Habicht C, 2007, T AM FISH SOC, V136, P82, DOI 10.1577/T06-001.1; Hendry AP, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P516, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5491.516; Hendry AP, 2005, MOL ECOL, V14, P901, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02480.x; Hilborn R, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P6564, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1037274100; KOO TSY, 1962, STUDIES ALASKA RED S, P49; Lin J, 2008, HEREDITY, V101, P341, DOI 10.1038/hdy.2008.59; Lin J, 2008, J FISH BIOL, V73, P1993, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02014.x; MANTEL N, 1967, CANCER RES, V27, P209; McGinnity P, 2007, AQUACULTURE, V273, P257, DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.10.008; McGlauflin MT, 2010, T AM FISH SOC, V139, P676, DOI 10.1577/T09-103.1; Miller KM, 1996, IMMUNOGENETICS, V43, P337, DOI 10.1007/BF02199802; Miller KM, 2001, GENETICA, V111, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1013716020351; Morin PA, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P208, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.01.009; MURRAY CB, 1988, CAN J ZOOL, V66, P266, DOI 10.1139/z88-038; Peakall R, 2006, MOL ECOL NOTES, V6, P288, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x; Pella J, 2001, FISH B-NOAA, V99, P151; Quinn TP, 2006, ANIM BEHAV, V72, P941, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.03.003; Quinn TP, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1372; Quinn TP, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P1782, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-10-1782; Quinn TP, 2005, BEHAV ECOLOGY PACIFI; R-Development-Core-Team, 2005, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Ramstad KM, 2003, T AM FISH SOC, V132, P997, DOI 10.1577/T02-108; Ramstad KM, 2010, EVOL ECOL, V24, P391, DOI 10.1007/s10682-009-9313-5; Rich HB, 2009, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V66, P238, DOI 10.1139/F08-210; Rogers LA, 2008, OIKOS, V117, P1578, DOI 10.1111/j.2008.0030-1299.16758.x; Rousset F, 2008, MOL ECOL RESOUR, V8, P103, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01931.x; Ryman N, 2006, MOL ECOL NOTES, V6, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01146.x; Schindler DE, 2010, NATURE, V465, P609, DOI 10.1038/nature09060; Schindler DE, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P198, DOI 10.1890/03-0408; Seeb JE, 2009, METHODS MOL BIOL, V578, P277, DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-411-1_18; SEEB JE, 2010, MOL ECOLOGY RESOURCE, V11, P335; Seeb LW, 2011, T AM FISH SOC, V140, P734, DOI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584493; Seeb LW, 2000, T AM FISH SOC, V129, P1223, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<1223:GDOSSO>2.0.CO;2; Seeb LW, 1999, T AM FISH SOC, V128, P88, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0088:AAMDDA>2.0.CO;2; Smith CT, 2005, MOL ECOL, V14, P4193, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02731.x; Stewart DC, 2006, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V15, P552, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00197.x; WAPLES RS, 1990, J HERED, V81, P267, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110989; WAPLES RS, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P968, DOI 10.1139/f90-111; WEIR BS, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P1358, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.x; Whalen KG, 1999, T AM FISH SOC, V128, P289, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0289:MTOASS>2.0.CO;2; Wood CC, 1995, AM FISH S S, V17, P195; Wood CC, 2008, EVOL APPL, V1, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00028.x; Zydlewski GB, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P68, DOI 10.1139/F04-179	59	39	39	0	31	TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC	PHILADELPHIA	530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA	0002-8487	1548-8659		T AM FISH SOC	Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.	MAY	2011	140	3					763	782		10.1080/00028487.2011.584495				20	Fisheries	Fisheries	779WV	WOS:000291813800021					2019-02-21	
J	Rossignol, O; Dodson, JJ; Guderley, H				Rossignol, O.; Dodson, J. J.; Guderley, H.			Relationship between metabolism, sex and reproductive tactics in young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)	COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY			English	Article						Fish; Bimodality; Routine metabolic rate; Growth rate; Enzyme activity; Alternative reproductive tactic	TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; SOCIAL-STATUS; FISH MUSCLE; GROWTH; PARR; MATURATION; EVOLUTION; SIZE	Atlantic salmon can differ markedly in their growth and in the timing of reproductive maturation, leading to the dramatic contrast between the large anadromous adults and the diminutive mature male parr. This study examined the growth rates, anatomical and physiological characteristics of parr during the adoption of their discrete life histories to ascertain whether these properties can explain tactic choice. To minimise the impact of habitat differences upon these attributes, salmon were reared in the laboratory until 1.5 years of age, when the "decisions" to undergo smoltification or to mature as parr had been taken. At 1.5 years, both males and females showed bimodal size-frequency distributions. Neither the population of origin nor the paternal reproductive tactic influenced the "decision" to mature or the growth trajectories. Growth rate (% mass day(-1) during their final 10 months) and the % male and female offspring in the upper modal group were strongly correlated and varied markedly among families. Mean growth rate per family was negatively correlated with mean metabolic rate per family at emergence. Growth rate decreased as a function of parr size in January and the growth rates of upper modal fish were displaced upwards relative to those of lower modal fish. Most males in the smaller size mode matured, whereas all other fish began smoltification. Mature male parr did not differ from similarly sized female pre-smolt in routine metabolic rate, but these smaller fish had higher metabolic rates than larger male and female pre-smolts. However, mature parr differed markedly from similarly sized females and from larger male and female pre-smolts in possessing higher oxidative and lower glycolytic capacities in muscle. Overall, these data are consistent with the interpretation that growth rates dictate the distribution of parr between upper and lower modal groups. Individuals from faster growing families would be more likely to pass the threshold for smoltification and to accelerate growth, whereas those from slower growing families would remain in the lower mode. The use of metabolic capacities, e.g. metabolic rate, was linked with modal group, whereas muscle oxidative capacity was linked with male maturity. Mean family metabolic rate at emergence was negatively linked with mean growth during the subsequent year, suggesting that metabolic efficiency facilitates growth and eventually smoltification. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Rossignol, O.; Dodson, J. J.; Guderley, H.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada	Rossignol, O (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.	orlane.rossignol.1@ulaval.ca			NSERC; CIRSA; RAQ (Reseau d'aquaculture du Quebec)	We thank the staff at La Station Piscicole at Tadoussac (Qc), Serge Higgins and Jean Christophe Therrien at the Laboratoire de Recherche en Sluices Aquatiques (LARSA), Universite Laval (Qc), for their help in raising the fish. We also thank Nicolas Martin and Marie-Claude Lamarche for help. We give special thanks to David Paez for his help with the experiments, the statistical analysis and for his insightful and constructive comments. We also thank Prof. Neil Metcalfe for his constructive comments. This work was funded by a research grant from an NSERC grant (Strategic programme) awarded to L. Bernatchez., J.J. Dodson, and H. Guderley and is part of the research activities of CIRSA and RAQ (Reseau d'aquaculture du Quebec).	ARMSTRONG JD, 1994, J FISH BIOL, V44, P453, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01225.x; Aubin-Horth N, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P136; Aubin-Horth N, 2006, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V63, P2067, DOI 10.1139/F06-103; Baayen R. 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Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.	MAY	2011	159	1					82	91		10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.01.023				10	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology	747QE	WOS:000289333700011	21300169				2019-02-21	
J	Kleinteich, T; Haas, A				Kleinteich, Thomas; Haas, Alexander			The Hyal and Ventral Branchial Muscles in Caecilian and Salamander Larvae: Homologies and Evolution	JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY			English	Article						Lissamphibia; cranial muscle homology; Batrachia hypothesis; amphibian larvae; caecilians	COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; DISCOGLOSSUS-PICTUS DISCOGLOSSIDAE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AMPHIBIA GYMNOPHIONA; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; HYOBRANCHIAL APPARATUS; FEEDING APPARATUS; LIVING AMPHIBIANS; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY	Amphibians (Lissamphibia) are characterized by a bi-phasic life-cycle that comprises an aquatic larval stage and metamorphosis to the adult. The ancestral aquatic feeding behavior of amphibian larvae is suction feeding. The negative pressure that is needed for ingestion of prey is created by depression of the hyobranchial apparatus as a result of hyobranchial muscle action. Understanding the homologies of hyobranchial muscles in amphibian larvae is a crucial step in understanding the evolution of this important character complex. However, the literature mostly focuses on the adult musculature and terms used for hyal and ventral branchial muscles in different amphibians often do not reflect homologies across lissamphibian orders. Here we describe the hyal and ventral branchial musculature in larvae of caecilians (Gymnophiona) and salamanders (Caudata), including juveniles of two permanently aquatic salamander species. Based on previous alternative terminology schemes, we propose a terminology for the hyal and ventral branchial muscles that reflects the homologies of muscles and that is suited for studies on hyobranchial muscle evolution in amphibians. We present a discussion of the hyal and ventral branchial muscles in larvae of the most recent common ancestor of amphibians (i.e. the ground plan of Lissamphibia). Based on our terminology, the hyal and ventral branchial musculature of caecilians and salamanders comprises the following muscles: m. depressor mandibulae, m. depressor mandibulae posterior, m. hyomandibularis, m. branchiohyoideus externus, m. interhyoideus, m. interhyoideus posterior, m. subarcualis rectus I, m. subarcualis obliquus II, m. subarcualis obliquus III, m. subarcualis rectus II-IV, and m. transversus ventralis IV. Except for the m. branchiohyoideus externus, all muscles considered herein can be assigned to the ground plan of the Lissamphibia with certainty. The m. branchiohyoideus externus is either apomorphic for the Batrachia (frogs + salamanders) or salamander larvae depending on whether or not a homologous muscle is present in frog tadpoles. J. Morphol. 272:598-613, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Kleinteich, Thomas] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA; [Kleinteich, Thomas; Haas, Alexander] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Kleinteich, Thomas; Haas, Alexander] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany	Kleinteich, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, 620 Univ Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA.	thomas.kleinteich@uni-hamburg.de			German Research Foundation (DFG) [HA2323/10-1]; Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes; Volkswagen Foundation	Specimens studied here have kindly been made available by the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH), the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology Berkeley (MVZ), and by Marvalee H. Wake (MHW, University of California, Berkeley). In particular, the authors are grateful to Marvalee H. Wake (Berkeley) for granting to access the Epicrionops bicolor specimens examined therein. The preparation of histological serial sections of salamander larvae by Katja Felbel and Rommy Petersohn (both Jena) is highly appreciated. Further, they thank Thomas Dejaco (Innsbruck) and Tamer Fawzy (Hamburg) for their help in digitizing the histological serial sections of the salamander specimens. Two anonymous reviewers helped to improve an earlier version of the manuscript. Thomas Kleinteich is grateful to the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes and to the Volkswagen Foundation for funding his research on amphibian feeding systems. Further support of this work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant HA2323/10-1.	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J	Klepsatel, P; Flatt, T				Klepsatel, Peter; Flatt, Thomas			The genomic and physiological basis of life history variation in a butterfly metapopulation	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Editorial Material						adaptation; contemporary evolution; ecological genetics; genomics; proteomics; life history evolution; natural selection; population dynamics	JUVENILE-HORMONE REGULATION; DROSOPHILA; DISPERSAL; ADAPTATION; DYNAMICS	Unravelling the mechanisms underlying variation in life history traits is of fundamental importance for our understanding of adaptation by natural selection. While progress has been made in mapping fitness-related phenotypes to genotypes, mainly in a handful of model organisms, functional genomic studies of life history adaptations are still in their infancy. In particular, despite a few notable exceptions, the genomic basis of life history variation in natural populations remains poorly understood. This is especially true for the genetic underpinnings of life history phenotypes subject to diversifying selection driven by ecological dynamics in patchy environments-as opposed to adaptations involving strong directional selection owing to major environmental changes, such as latitudinal gradients, extreme climatic events or transitions from salt to freshwater. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Wheat et al. (2011) now make a significant leap forward by applying the tools of functional genomics to dispersal-related life history variation in a butterfly metapopulation. Using a combination of microarrays, quantitative PCR and physiological measurements, the authors uncover several metabolic and endocrine factors that likely contribute to the observed life history phenotypes. By identifying molecular candidate mechanisms of fitness variation maintained by dispersal dynamics in a heterogeneous environment, they also begin to address fascinating interactions between the levels of physiology, ecology and evolution.	[Klepsatel, Peter; Flatt, Thomas] Univ Vet Med, Inst Populat Genet, Dept Biomed Sci, A-1210 Vienna, Austria	Flatt, T (reprint author), Univ Vet Med, Inst Populat Genet, Dept Biomed Sci, Vet Pl 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.	thomas.flatt@vetmeduni.ac.at	Flatt, Thomas/A-7384-2009	Flatt, Thomas/0000-0002-5990-1503			Flatt T, 2005, BIOESSAYS, V27, P999, DOI 10.1002/bies.20290; FLATT T, 2011, MECH LIFE H IN PRESS; Gkouvitsas T, 2009, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B, V153, P206, DOI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.02.017; Haag CR, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P2449, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3235; Hanski I, 2006, J ANIM ECOL, V75, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01024.x; Hanski I, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P958, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00654.x; Hanski I, 2002, OIKOS, V98, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980109.x; Hanski I, 2006, PLOS BIOL, V4, P719, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040129; Herman WS, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P2509, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1765; Hohenlohe PA, 2010, PLOS GENET, V6, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000862; JOWETT T, 1981, NATURE, V292, P633, DOI 10.1038/292633a0; Kolaczkowski B, 2011, GENETICS, V187, P245, DOI 10.1534/genetics.110.123059; Orsini L, 2009, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V22, P367, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01653.x; Ramaswamy SB, 1997, ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM, V35, P539, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)35:4<539::AID-ARCH12>3.0.CO;2-B; Roff DA, 2007, NAT REV GENET, V8, P116, DOI 10.1038/nrg2040; Saastamoinen M, 2007, OECOLOGIA, V153, P569, DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0772-5; Saastamoinen M, 2009, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V276, P1313, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2008.1464; Siviter RJ, 2002, BIOCHEM J, V367, P187, DOI 10.1042/BJ20020567; Stapley J, 2010, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V25, P705, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2010.09.002; Turner TL, 2010, NAT GENET, V42, P260, DOI 10.1038/ng.515; VANSTRAALEN NM, 2006, INTRO ECOLOGICAL GEN; Vera JC, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P1636, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03666.x; Wheat CW, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1813, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05062.x; Zheng CZ, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1519, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0005	24	4	4	0	29	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0962-1083			MOL ECOL	Mol. Ecol.	MAY	2011	20	9					1795	1798		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05078.x				4	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	750CR	WOS:000289522400001	21634052	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Sanchez-Humanes, B; Sork, VL; Espelta, JM				Sanchez-Humanes, Belen; Sork, Victoria L.; Maria Espelta, Josep			Trade-offs between vegetative growth and acorn production in Quercus lobata during a mast year: the relevance of crop size and hierarchical level within the canopy	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Cost of reproduction; Growth; Mast-seeding; Modular organization; Valley oak	PINUS-CONTORTA TREES; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; SEED PRODUCTION; NOTHOFAGUS-TRUNCATA; POLLEN MOVEMENT; STYRAX-OBASSIA; WOODY-PLANTS; DOUGLAS-FIR; RING GROWTH	The concept of trade-offs between reproduction and other fitness traits is a fundamental principle of life history theory. For many plant species, the cost of sexual reproduction affects vegetative growth in years of high seed production through the allocation of resources to reproduction at different hierarchical levels of canopy organization. We have examined these tradeoffs at the shoot and branch level in an endemic California oak, Quercus lobata, during a mast year. To determine whether acorn production caused a reduction in vegetative growth, we studied trees that were high and low acorn producers, respectively. We observed that in both low and high acorn producers, shoots without acorns located adjacent to reproductive shoots showed reduced vegetative growth but that reduced branch-level growth on acorn-bearing branches occurred only in low acorn producers. The availability of local resources, measured as previous year growth, was the main factor determining acorn biomass. These findings show that the costs of reproduction varied among hierarchical levels, suggesting some degree of physiological autonomy of shoots in terms of acorn production. Costs also differed among trees with different acorn crops, suggesting that trees with large acorn crops had more available resources to allocate for growth and acorn production and to compensate for immediate local costs of seed production. These findings provide new insight into the proximate mechanisms for mast-seeding as a reproductive strategy.	[Sanchez-Humanes, Belen; Maria Espelta, Josep] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; [Sork, Victoria L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Sork, Victoria L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA	Sanchez-Humanes, B (reprint author), Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.	belen.sanchez@creaf.uab.es	Espelta, Josep Maria/I-3891-2016	Espelta, Josep Maria/0000-0002-0242-4988	Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [MCINN CGL2008-04847-C02-02]; National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0089445]	We acknowledge UCLA and UAB statistical consultants Xiao Chen, Philip Ender, Rose Medeiros, and Llorenc Badiella for their valuable help with the data analysis. We thank Andy Lentz, Doug Scofield, Brian Alfaro, and staff of the UCSB Sedgwick Reserve for logistical assistance in the Weld and Ignacio Bartomeus for statistical assistance. We also thank Dave Kelly and two anonymous reviewers for their highly valuable comments on the manuscript. BSH was supported by the FPU program (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia) for research stages abroad and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MCINN CGL2008-04847-C02-02). V.L. Sork was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB-0089445). Our work complied with the current laws of the USA.	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J	Murphy, L; Nalpas, N; Stear, M; Cattadori, IM				Murphy, L.; Nalpas, N.; Stear, M.; Cattadori, I. M.			Explaining patterns of infection in free-living populations using laboratory immune experiments	PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY			English	Article						Graphidium strigosum; local and systemic acquired immunity; rabbit; small intestine; stomach; Trichostrongylus retortaeformis	NEMATODE STRONGYLOIDES-RATTI; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-RETORTAEFORMIS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; TELADORSAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; OSTERTAGIA-CIRCUMCINCTA; ORYCTOLAGUS-CUNICULUS; COOPERIA-ONCOPHORA; IGA RESPONSES; LIFE-CYCLE	P>The host response to different helminth species can vary and have different consequences for helminth persistence. Often these differences are generated by changes in the dynamics and intensity of the immune components against parasites with distinct life history strategies. We examined the immune response of rabbits to primary infections of the gastrointestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus retortaeformis and Graphidium strigosum under controlled conditions for 120 days post-challenge. Results showed that rabbits developed a robust and effective immune response against T. retortaeformis and abundance quickly decreased in the duodenum and was completely cleared in the remaining sections of the small intestine within 4 months. Infected individuals exhibited an initial strong inflammatory response (IFN-gamma), IL-4 expression also increased and was coupled to a rapid serum and mucus IgG and IgA and eosinophilia. Strong IL-4, serum IgA and IgG responses and eosinophilia were also observed against G. strigosum. However, parasite abundance remained consistently high throughout the infection, and this was associated with relatively low mucus antibodies. These findings suggest that immunity plays a key role in affecting the abundance of these nematodes, and different immune mechanisms are involved in regulating the dynamics of each infection and their long-term persistence in free-living host populations.	[Cattadori, I. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Mueller Lab 508, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [Murphy, L.; Stear, M.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet, Div Anim Prod & Publ Hlth, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; [Nalpas, N.] Univ Coll Dublin, Coll Life Sci, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Anim Genom Lab, Dublin 2, Ireland	Cattadori, IM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Mueller Lab 508, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.	imc3@psu.edu		Cattadori, Isabella/0000-0001-6618-316X; Stear, Michael/0000-0001-5054-1348	HFSP; Royal Society	A very special thanks to Fabienne Audebert for having enthusiastically inspired and guided IMC to the understanding of T. retortaeformis and G. strigosum parasitology. Special thanks to James McGoldrick and Brian Boag for their patience in embarking on long-term discussions on the biology of helminths and parasitological techniques with IMC and LM. Also but not last IMC is grateful to Peter J. Hudson for discussing the theory of this study while commuting to work. The authors thank A. Pathak for critical comments on the early manuscript. This study and LM were funded by a HFSP and a Royal Society grant.	Anderson R. 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MAY	2011	33	5					287	302		10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01281.x				16	Immunology; Parasitology	Immunology; Parasitology	747CV	WOS:000289298800004	21272036				2019-02-21	
J	Christensen, A; Andersen, K				Christensen, Asbjorn; Andersen, Ken Haste			General Classification of Maturation Reaction-Norm Shape from Size-based Processes	BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						Optimal life-history theory; Growth; Mortality; Fisheries induced evolution; Climate change impact	FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; AGE; GROWTH; MATURITY; MODEL; POPULATIONS; PREDICTIONS	Phenotypic plasticity of size at maturation is commonly described using size-age maturation reaction norms (MRNs). MRNs for age and size at maturation are analyzed and classified into three general categories related to different size scalings of growth and mortality. The underlying model for growth and mortality is based on processes at the level of the individual, and is motivated by the energy budget of fish. MRN shape is a balance between opposing factors and depends on subtle details of size dependence of growth and mortality. MRNs with both positive and negative slopes are predicted, and for certain mortality conditions also a lower critical spawning mass. The model is applied to predict a generic fishery-induced evolutionary response and allows assessment of climate change impact on MRNs. Our work stresses the importance of using realistic size dependence of mortality and growth, since this strongly influences the predicted MRNs and sensitivity to harvest pressure.	[Christensen, Asbjorn; Andersen, Ken Haste] DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund Slot, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark	Christensen, A (reprint author), DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund Slot, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.	asc@aqua.dtu.dk; kha@aqua.dtu.dk		Andersen, Ken Haste/0000-0002-8478-3430	EU [44133]	This work has in part been supported by EU FP6 project RECLAIM (Contract No. 44133). For comments to the manuscript we are grateful to Patrizio Mariani.	Andersen KH, 2007, ECOL MODEL, V204, P246, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.01.002; Andersen KH, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P11657, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0901690106; BERRIGAN D, 1994, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V7, P549, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050549.x; Blanchard JL, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P405, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.01.006; Browman HI, 2008, SCIENCE, V320, P47, DOI 10.1126/science.320.5872.47b; Chambers RC, 1997, EARLY LIFE HIST RECR, P63; Cury PM, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P430, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.12.006; Day T, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P381, DOI 10.1086/285995; Day T, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P338, DOI 10.1086/338989; Dunlop ES, 2007, T AM FISH SOC, V136, P749, DOI 10.1577/T06-126.1; Dunlop ES, 2009, ECOL APPL, V19, P1815, DOI 10.1890/08-1404.1; Ernande B, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P415, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2519; Gardmark A, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P2185, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3562; Heino M, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P669, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01378.x; Heino M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1971, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1971; Heino M, 2008, B MAR SCI, V83, P69; Jobling M., 1994, FISH FISHERIES SERIE, V13; Jorgensen C, 2007, SCIENCE, V318, P1247, DOI 10.1126/science.1148089; LAW R, 1989, EVOL ECOL, V3, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02285264; Law R, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P659, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0731; Law R, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P271, DOI 10.3354/meps335271; Mylius SD, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P218, DOI 10.2307/3545651; Peters R.H., 1983, P1; Quince C, 2008, J THEOR BIOL, V254, P197, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.05.029; Reiss MJ, 1991, ALLOMETRY GROWTH REP; STEARNS SC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00560.x; Taborsky B, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P713, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2255; Thorpe JE, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P285, DOI 10.3354/meps335285; Thygesen UH, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1323, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3094; VINBERG GG, 1956, FISH RES BOARD CAN, V194, P1; WARE DM, 1975, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V32, P33, DOI 10.1139/f75-005; West GB, 2001, NATURE, V413, P628, DOI 10.1038/35098076; Wright PJ, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P279, DOI 10.3354/meps335279	33	2	2	0	6	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0092-8240	1522-9602		B MATH BIOL	Bull. Math. Biol.	MAY	2011	73	5					1004	1027		10.1007/s11538-010-9550-3				24	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	746KW	WOS:000289246600004	20556532				2019-02-21	
J	De Luca, PA; Cocroft, RB				De Luca, Paul A.; Cocroft, Reginald B.			The Influence of Age on Male Mate-Searching Behaviour in Thornbug Treehoppers	ETHOLOGY			English	Article							MALE MATING SUCCESS; UMBONIA-CRASSICORNIS HOMOPTERA; YELLOW DUNG FLY; SEXUAL SELECTION; OLDER MALES; MALE COMPETITION; DEPENDENT EXPRESSION; SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENT; ENERGY RESERVES; FLIGHT CAPACITY	One prediction from life-history theory is that males should increase investment in reproductive effort as they age because the opportunity for future reproductive events declines. However, older males may not be able to increase their reproductive effort if condition declines with age. The effect of age-related changes in condition may be especially important for energetically costly activities such as moving within and between habitat patches while searching for mates. Although such searching is a component of many mating systems, the relationship between age and active mate searching has not been investigated. We investigated whether mate-searching effort increased with age in the thornbug treehopper, Umbonia crassicornis (Hemiptera: Membracidae). In this species, males search for females using a 'fly-call-walk' strategy consisting of three phases: (1) flying from one plant to another; (2) walking and signalling while on a plant; and (3) close-range courtship of encountered females. We measured several aspects of mate-searching behaviour over the month-long period of a male's reproductive lifetime. Over the relevant period of male sexual activity (19-33 d), male condition remained stable. However, older males (25-33 d) did not search more actively than younger males as predicted; instead, younger males (19 d) had greater plant-to-plant flight activity and found females faster. Within-plant walking rates and courtship duration did not differ among age classes. These results suggest that thornbug males may be investing so heavily in mate searching at younger ages that they are unable to increase investment in searching effort when they get older. As a result, older males are likely to be at a competitive disadvantage when active searching is required to locate sparsely distributed females.	[De Luca, Paul A.; Cocroft, Reginald B.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA	De Luca, PA (reprint author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.	paul.deluca@utoronto.ca			University of Missouri Research Board	We thank current and former members of the Cocroft Lab (J. Hamel, G. McNett, K. Ramaswamy, R. Rodriguez and L. Sullivan) for their suggestions regarding many aspects of the design of this study. We also thank H. C. Gerhardt, J. Schul, R. Semlitsch, and M. V. Flinn for their comments on previous versions of this manuscript. This manuscript also benefited from the comments of two anonymous reviewers. B. Sonderman provided much assistance in helping to maintain the colony of U. crassicornis at the greenhouse on the MU campus. We are very grateful to P. Kendra (USDA-ARS, Miami), R. Hammer (Castellow Hammock Park, Homestead), P. Griffith (Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami), and Dr. Ethan H. Freid for helping us locate populations of U. crassicornis in south Florida in 2006. This research was supported by a University of Missouri Research Board Grant to R. B. C.	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J	Nussle, S; Brechon, A; Wedekind, C				Nussle, Sebastien; Brechon, Amanda; Wedekind, Claus			Change in individual growth rate and its link to gill-net fishing in two sympatric whitefish species	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Rapid evolution; Artificial selection; Salmonid; Coregonus; Selection differential; Lake Brienz (Switzerland)	FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; BODY-SIZE; COREGONUS-LAVARETUS; PACIFIC SALMON; REACTION NORMS; BROWN TROUT; LAKE; CONSEQUENCES	Size-selective fishing is expected to affect traits such as individual growth rate, but the relationship between the fishery-linked selection differentials and the corresponding phenotypic changes is not well understood. We analysed a 25-year monitoring survey of sympatric populations of the two Alpine whitefish Coregonus albellus and C. fatioi. We determined the fishing-induced selection differentials on growth rates, the actual change of growth rates over time, and potential indicators of reproductive strategies that may change over time. We found marked declines in adult growth rate and significant selection differentials that may partly explain the observed declines. However, when comparing the two sympatric species, the selection differentials on adult growth were stronger in C. albellus while the decline in adult growth rate seemed more pronounced in C. fatioi. Moreover, the selection differential on juvenile growth was significant in C. albellus but not in C. fatioi, while a significant reduction in juvenile growth over the last 25 years was only found in C. fatioi. Our results suggest that size-selective fishing affects the genetics for individual growth in these whitefish, and that the link between selection differentials and phenotypic changes is influenced by species-specific factors.	[Nussle, Sebastien; Brechon, Amanda; Wedekind, Claus] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland	Nussle, S (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.	Sebastien.Nussle@unil.ch; Amanda.Brechon@unil.ch; Claus.Wedekind@unil.ch	Wedekind, Claus/S-3353-2016	Wedekind, Claus/0000-0001-6143-4716; Nussle, Sebastien/0000-0001-7070-380X	Swiss National Science Foundation	We thank the Fishery Inspectorate of the Bern Canton for providing the monitoring data, E. Baumgartner for technical help, E. Clark, C. Kung, T. Mehner, R. Muller, M. Pompini, A. Ross-Gillespie, M. dos Santos, R. Stelkens, J. Van Buskirk, and two anonymous reviewers for discussion and/or comments on the manuscript, and the Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support.	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Ecol.	MAY	2011	25	3			SI		681	693		10.1007/s10682-010-9412-3				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	746OZ	WOS:000289257900009					2019-02-21	
J	Olsen, EM; Moland, E				Olsen, Esben Moland; Moland, Even			Fitness landscape of Atlantic cod shaped by harvest selection and natural selection	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Atlantic cod; Behaviour; Capture-recapture; Harvest selection; Natural selection; Telemetry	FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GADUS-MORHUA L; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; FISH POPULATION; REACTION NORMS; MARINE FISH; COASTAL COD; MATURATION; SIZE	Harvesting may lead to evolutionary changes in life histories on a contemporary time scale, changes that could be maladaptive in natural contexts. However, our understanding of the strength and direction of harvest-induced selection versus natural selection is still limited, partly due to the difficulty of tracking the fate of individuals in the wild. Here, we present direct estimates of harvest mortality, natural mortality and site fidelity of coastal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Norwegian Skagerrak coast. Furthermore, we present standardised selection differentials for fish body size. Estimates are obtained from acoustic telemetry, where we continuously monitored fish (n = 60) within a semi-sheltered area using a network of 25 listening stations. To obtain additional information about harvested cod, all fish (body size: 30-66 cm) were also tagged with traditional T-bar tags with a printed reward of 500 NOK (60 E). We estimate that 75% of the fish died within the study area during 1 year. Fishing mortality was markedly higher than natural mortality. Together, recreational fishers and commercial fishers caught at least 50% of the tagged fish during 1 year. Standardised selection differentials showed that fisheries targeted larger fish (i.e. favoured the survival of smaller fish), while natural selection favoured the survival of larger fish. Albeit on a small scale, we provide empirical evidence that harvesting can have a dominant influence on the fitness landscape experienced by a marine fish such as the Atlantic cod. We suggest that no-take marine reserves may help to counter evolutionary impacts of harvesting in the ocean.	[Olsen, Esben Moland] Inst Marine Res Flodevigen, N-4817 His, Norway; [Moland, Even] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth CEES, Dept Biol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway	Olsen, EM (reprint author), Inst Marine Res Flodevigen, N-4817 His, Norway.	esben.moland.olsen@imr.no	Olsen, Esben/B-1894-2012; Moland, Even/A-7788-2013	Olsen, Esben/0000-0003-3807-7524; 	Norwegian Research Council [178376]	We thank Jan Atle Knutsen for skilled surgical implantation of the acoustic transmitters and a number of people at the Flodevigen marine research station for help with the telemetry monitoring. Suggestions from three anonymous referees improved the quality of this article. This study was presented at the International Conference on Evolutionary Ecology of Fishes Diversification, Adaptation and Speciation, November 2009, Erkner, Berlin. Our work was funded by the Norwegian Research Council through the Oceans and the Coastal Areas programme, project 178376.	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MAY	2011	25	3			SI		695	710		10.1007/s10682-010-9427-9				16	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	746OZ	WOS:000289257900010					2019-02-21	
J	Jacquemin, SJ; Pyron, M				Jacquemin, Stephen J.; Pyron, Mark			Fishes of Indiana streams: current and historic assemblage structure	HYDROBIOLOGIA			English	Article						Fish assemblages; Historic comparison; Stream fishes; Multivariate analysis	FRESH-WATER; LONG-TERM; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; ILLINOIS RIVER; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS	We examined Indiana fish assemblages using taxonomy and ecological categories to assess temporal shifts in community structure and recent environmental relationships. Historic (1945) and recent (1996-2007) presence/absence data were compiled by subbasin and analyzed with Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordination and by species richness. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to test taxonomic identity and ecological category abundance data for explanation with recent (1996-2007) environmental variables. We found a decrease in assemblage heterogeneity for recent assemblages and an increase in the number of tolerant species per subbasin. Recent Indiana streams are dominated by tolerant fishes with generalist life history strategies and low functional variation. The use of ecological categories resulted in weaker relationships with environmental variables than analyses with taxonomic identities. Analyses using taxonomy resulted in strong assemblage explanation from stream size and flow variation, while analyses using ecological categories resulted in strong assemblage explanation from habitat variation in silt substrates and flow. Analyses of recent assemblage structure using ecological categories resulted in decreased assemblage variation among subbasins than in analyses using taxonomic identities. We found that fish assemblages of Indiana streams are structured primarily by habitat complexity and have been altered during the past 50 years through multiple disturbances including fragmentation, siltation, and species introductions.	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J	Veloso, VG; Neves, G; Capper, LD				Veloso, Valeria Gomes; Neves, Gabriela; Capper, Leonardo de Almeida			Sensitivity of a cirolanid isopod to human pressure	ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS			English	Article						Excirolana braziliensis; Population structure; Fecundity; Human pressure; MPAs; Sandy beach	TALITRUS-SALTATOR POPULATIONS; ROAD VEHICLES ORVS; DE-JANEIRO STATE; SANDY BEACHES; EXCIROLANA-BRAZILIENSIS; LIFE-HISTORY; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; MORPHODYNAMICS; MACROFAUNA	Cirolanid isopods are conspicuous members of the supralittoral and intertidal fringes of sandy beaches around the world, being dominant in terms of number or biomass. Excirolana braziliensis is one of the most abundant species on exposed sandy beaches, both urbanized and preserved, of Rio de Janeiro in southeast Brazil. Considering the negative effects of urbanization and human pressure on sandy beaches, this study aimed to analyze the population structure and reproductive aspects of E. braziliensis in different stretches of Barra da Tijuca beach (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), which differ with respect to urbanization and occupation by bathers. Monthly samplings of E. braziliensis were conducted throughout 12 months within urbanized and preserved stretches, including measurements of beach parameters and human pressure. The anthropogenic effect seems to be a relevant factor in explaining the variability in the population structure of this species. Negative significant correlations were found between the species density and the number of visitors, who massively occupies the urbanized stretches. Similar life history strategies were observed for different populations of E. braziliensis. Although high fecundity rates were reported to all stretches, the probability of eggs/embryos survival under the adverse conditions provided by the Barra da Tijuca beach is not clearly known. According to the results of this study, it could be inferred that the human pressure over Barra da Tijuca beach affects the populations: (1) directly, through human trampling and/or natural habitat jeopardizing; or (2) indirectly, by the isolation of individuals in the preserved stretch, located between environments subjected to intense disturbance. In such case, the species strategy to thrive in a protected area of restricted size, within a highly urbanized and occupied area by bathers does not appear to be the best conservation measure for peracarid species, as in E. braziliensis. Nevertheless, E. braziliensis turned out to be a good monitoring species of impacts due to its high resistance to environmental stress, persisting in highly urbanized areas dominated by bathers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Neves, Gabriela] Univ Fed Fluminense UFF, Dept Biol Marinha, Lab Ecol Sedimentos, BR-24001970 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; [Veloso, Valeria Gomes; Capper, Leonardo de Almeida] Univ Fed Estado Rio de Janeiro UNIRIO, Dept Ecol & Recursos Marinhos, BR-22290024 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; [Capper, Leonardo de Almeida] Univ Santa Ursula USU, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Mar, BR-22231040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil	Neves, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Fluminense UFF, Dept Biol Marinha, Lab Ecol Sedimentos, Caixa Postal 100-64, BR-24001970 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.	amararatna@hotmail.com			Cnpq; Capes	We would like to thank the Brazilian funding agencies Cnpq and Capes for sponsoring this project, Doctors CA Borzone, JRB Souza, CM Neto, EF Albuquerque for a careful reading of this manuscript, Doctor Omar Defeo for helpful critics and Doctors Janet Reid and Carla Lima Torres Mendes for the English edition.	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Indic.	MAY	2011	11	3					782	788		10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.10.004				7	Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	720OX	WOS:000287291100003		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Hackett-Jones, E; White, A; Cobbold, CA				Hackett-Jones, Emily; White, Andrew; Cobbold, Christina A.			The evolution of developmental timing in natural enemy systems	JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						Adaptive dynamics; Host-parasitoid; Phenology; Mathematical model	HOST-PARASITOID INTERACTIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TRADE-OFFS; STRATEGIES; COEVOLUTIONARY; COEXISTENCE; COMPLEXITY; PHENOLOGY; VIRULENCE; SELECTION	Natural parasitoid systems exhibit considerable variation in their life history properties yet little is known about the effects of development time on parasitoid fitness or of the conditions that might select for rapid development at the expense of reduced parasitoid growth. In this study the techniques of adaptive dynamics are applied to a discrete time host-parasitoid model to examine the evolution of parasitoid life history strategies. In particular, we explore the conditions that select for variation in parasitoid traits, such as, the timing of parasitoid attack and emergence from the host. The process of evolutionary branching, leading to dimorphism, can occur when the benefits to reproduction of early parasitoid attack are bought at a cost in terms of mortality of late parasitoid emergence from the host. We also find that trends in parasitoid life history traits depend critically on the nature of the underlying population dynamics. Increases in the strength of host density-dependence acts to select for shorter parasitoid development time and lower searching efficiency when the underlying population dynamics are at equilibrium. This trend is reversed when the underlying population dynamics exhibit fluctuations. Here, fluctuations in host density driven by parasitism become more extreme as the strength of host density-dependence decreases and so the parasitoid selects early emergence to avoid the mortality experienced at outbreak host densities. Our results are consistent with the general principle that parasitoids facing high mortality risk favour short development times over size and high searching efficiency, whereas species facing low mortality risks favour size at the cost of increased development time. Crown Copyright (c) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Hackett-Jones, Emily] Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; [Hackett-Jones, Emily] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland; [Hackett-Jones, Emily] Univ Edinburgh, Maxwell Inst Math Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland; [White, Andrew] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Math, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland; [White, Andrew] Heriot Watt Univ, Maxwell Inst Math Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland; [Cobbold, Christina A.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Math, Univ Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland	Hackett-Jones, E (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.	emilyhj@unimelb.edu.au; a.r.white@hw.ac.uk; c.cobbold@maths.gla.ac.uk			Royal Society of Edinburgh; Scottish Government	A.W. is supported by a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Scottish Government Support Research Fellowship. We thank Stefan Geritz for the help and advice in the early stages of this research.	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Theor. Biol.	APR 21	2011	275	1					1	11		10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.040				11	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	735IG	WOS:000288406900001	21195091				2019-02-21	
J	Palkovacs, EP; Wasserman, BA; Kinnison, MT				Palkovacs, Eric P.; Wasserman, Ben A.; Kinnison, Michael T.			Eco-Evolutionary Trophic Dynamics: Loss of Top Predators Drives Trophic Evolution and Ecology of Prey	PLOS ONE			English	Article							GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; TRADE-OFF; FOOD-WEB; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; FISH COMMUNITIES; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; SHAPE; SELECTION	Ecosystems are being altered on a global scale by the extirpation of top predators. The ecological effects of predator removal have been investigated widely; however, predator removal can also change natural selection acting on prey, resulting in contemporary evolution. Here we tested the role of predator removal on the contemporary evolution of trophic traits in prey. We utilized a historical introduction experiment where Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were relocated from a site with predatory fishes to a site lacking predators. To assess the trophic consequences of predator release, we linked individual morphology (cranial, jaw, and body) to foraging performance. Our results show that predator release caused an increase in guppy density and a "sharpening" of guppy trophic traits, which enhanced food consumption rates. Predator release appears to have shifted natural selection away from predator escape ability and towards resource acquisition ability. Related diet and mesocosm studies suggest that this shift enhances the impact of guppies on lower trophic levels in a fashion nuanced by the omnivorous feeding ecology of the species. We conclude that extirpation of top predators may commonly select for enhanced feeding performance in prey, with important cascading consequences for communities and ecosystems.	[Palkovacs, Eric P.; Wasserman, Ben A.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA; [Palkovacs, Eric P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA; [Wasserman, Ben A.; Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA	Palkovacs, EP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.	eric.palkovacs@duke.edu			U.S.A. National Science Foundation [EF 0623632]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station [3172]; Duke University Marine Laboratory McCurdy Endowment	Funding was provided by the U.S.A. National Science Foundation (EF 0623632), the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (contribution 3172), and the Duke University Marine Laboratory McCurdy Endowment. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Skelhorn, J; Rowland, HM; Delf, J; Speed, MP; Ruxton, GD				Skelhorn, John; Rowland, Hannah M.; Delf, Jon; Speed, Michael P.; Ruxton, Graeme D.			Density-dependent predation influences the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						camouflage; crypsis; habitat selection; misclassification; Selenia dentaria	CAMOUFLAGE; SEARCH	Predation is a fundamental process in the interaction between species, and exerts strong selection pressure. Hence, anti-predatory traits have been intensively studied. Although it has long been speculated that individuals of some species gain protection from predators by sometimes almost-uncanny resemblances to uninteresting objects in the local environment (such as twigs or stones), demonstration of antipredatory benefits to such "masquerade" have only very recently been demonstrated, and the fundamental workings of this defensive strategy remain unclear. Here we use laboratory experiments with avian predators and twig-mimicking caterpillars as masqueraders to investigate (i) the evolutionary dynamics of masquerade; and (ii) the behavioral adaptations associated with masquerade. We show that the benefit of masquerade declines as the local density of masqueraders relative to their models (twigs, in our system) increases. This occurs through two separate mechanisms: increasing model density both decreased predators' motivation to search for masqueraders, and made masqueraders more difficult to detect. We further demonstrated that masquerading organisms have evolved complex microhabitat selection strategies that allow them to best exploit the density-dependent properties of masquerade. Our results strongly suggest the existence of opportunity costs associated with masquerade. Careful evaluation of such costs will be vital to the development of a fuller understanding of both the distribution of masquerade across taxa and ecosystems, and the evolution of the life history strategies of masquerading prey.	[Skelhorn, John] Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England; [Rowland, Hannah M.; Speed, Michael P.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England; [Delf, Jon] Liverpool Hope Univ, Fac Sci & Social Sci, Liverpool L16 9JD, Merseyside, England; [Ruxton, Graeme D.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G20 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland	Skelhorn, J (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England.	J.P.Skelhorn@exeter.ac.uk		Rowland, Hannah/0000-0002-1040-555X	National Environment Research Council [NE/E016626/1]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E016626/1]	This work was supported by National Environment Research Council Grant NE/E016626/1.	Bauer B, 1996, VISION RES, V36, P1439, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00207-3; Berger D, 2008, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V62, P1655, DOI 10.1007/s00265-008-0594-4; Cott HB, 1940, ADAPTIVE COLOURATION, P311; de RUITER L., 1956, ARCH NEERL AND ZOOL, V11, P285; Dimitrova M, 2010, BEHAV ECOL, V21, P176, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arp174; Dukas R, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P192, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.2.192; EDMUNDS M, 1991, BIOL J LINN SOC, V42, P467, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00575.x; GREENE E, 1989, SCIENCE, V243, P643, DOI 10.1126/science.243.4891.643; HERREBOUT W. M., 1963, ARCH NEERLAND ZOOL, V15, P315; Mappes J, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P598, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.07.011; Merilaita S, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1925, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1747; Noor MAF, 2008, PLOS ONE, V3, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003142; Porter J., 1997, COLOUR IDENTIFICATIO; RUXTON GD, 2004, AVOIDING ATTACK EVOL, P23; Skelhorn J, 2010, SCIENCE, V327, P51, DOI 10.1126/science.1181931; Skelhorn J, 2010, BIOL J LINN SOC, V99, P1; SPEED MP, 1993, ANIM BEHAV, V46, P1246, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1321; Stamp Nancy E., 1993, P283; STEPHENS DW, 1986, FORAGING THEORY, P104; Stevens M, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P423, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0217	20	36	36	0	37	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	APR 19	2011	108	16					6532	6536		10.1073/pnas.1014629108				5	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	752GV	WOS:000289680400043	21464318	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Coall, DA; Hertwig, R				Coall, David A.; Hertwig, Ralph			Grandparental Investment: A Relic of the Past or a Resource for the Future?	CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE			English	Article						child development; demographic transition; grandmother hypothesis; grandparental investment; intergenerational transfers	FAMILY; GRANDCHILDREN; SOLICITUDE; EVOLUTION; HEALTH; BONDS	From changing diapers and minding the kids when school is out to providing support when they set fire to the carpet, grandparents can be invaluable to have around. What motivates grandparents to lend a hand? Several disciplines have offered answers. The most important accounts come from life-history theory and evolutionary psychology, sociology, and economics. These accounts exist side-by-side, but there is little theoretical integration among them. But regardless of whether grandparental investment is traced back to ancestral selection pressure or attributed to an individual grandparent's values or norms, one important question is, What impact does it have in industrialized, low-fertility, low-mortality societies? We briefly review the initial evidence concerning the impact of grandparental investment in industrialized societies and conclude that in difficult circumstances, grandparents can provide the support that safeguards their grandchildren's development. Additional cross-disciplinary research to examine the effects of intergenerational transfers in our evolutionarily unique environment of grandparenthood is needed.	[Coall, David A.] Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; [Coall, David A.] Edith Cowan Univ, Churchlands, WA 6018, Australia; [Hertwig, Ralph] Univ Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland	Coall, DA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Fremantle Hosp, Sch Psychiat & Clin Neurosci, 1 Alma St,W Block,Level 6, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia.	david.coall@uwa.edu.au	Hertwig, Ralph/B-3468-2015	Hertwig, Ralph/0000-0002-9908-9556; Coall, David/0000-0002-0488-2683			ARRONDEL L, 2006, HDB EC GIVING ALTRUI, V2, P971, DOI DOI 10.1016/S1574-0714(06)02014-8; BARRO RJ, 1974, J POLIT ECON, V82, P1095, DOI 10.1086/260266; BECKER GS, 1974, J POLIT ECON, V82, P1063, DOI 10.1086/260265; Bengtson VL, 2001, J MARRIAGE FAM, V63, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00001.x; BENGTSON VL, 1991, J MARRIAGE FAM, V53, P856, DOI 10.2307/352993; Botcheva LB, 2004, INT J PSYCHOL, V39, P157, DOI 10.1080/00207590344000321; Coall DA, 2010, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V33, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09991105; COOMBS CH, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P216, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.216; DALY M, 1980, J MARRIAGE FAM, V42, P277, DOI 10.2307/351225; Euler HA, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P39, DOI 10.1007/BF02733489; Fox M, 2010, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V277, P567, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.1660; Friedman D, 2008, RATION SOC, V20, P31, DOI 10.1177/1043463107085436; Hank K, 2009, J FAM ISSUES, V30, P53, DOI 10.1177/0192513X08322627; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hrdy S. B., 2009, MOTHERS OTHERS EVOLU; Hughes ME, 2007, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V62, pS108, DOI 10.1093/geronb/62.2.S108; LAFERRERE A., 2006, HDB EC GIVING ALTRUI, P889; Lahdenpera M, 2004, NATURE, V428, P178, DOI 10.1038/nature02367; Mulder MB, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P266, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01357-3; Murphy Michael, 2003, Popul Trends, P36; Richerson Peter J., 2005, NOT GENES ALONE CULT; Robert T, 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; Sear R, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001; Sear R, 2011, POPUL DEV REV, V37, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00379.x; Szinovacz ME, 1998, GERONTOLOGIST, V38, P37, DOI 10.1093/geront/38.1.37; SZINOVACZ ME, 1998, HDB GRANDPARENTHOOD, P257; TINSLEY BJ, 1987, INT J AGING HUM DEV, V25, P259, DOI 10.2190/91M7-1JMA-UQV6-0VH3; *US BUR CENS, 2009, CB09FF16; Voland E, 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	30	26	27	0	20	SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC	THOUSAND OAKS	2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA	0963-7214	1467-8721		CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI	Curr. Dir. Psychol.	APR	2011	20	2					93	98		10.1177/0963721411403269				6	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	841JO	WOS:000296508800005					2019-02-21	
J	Klady, RA; Henry, GHR; Lemay, V				Klady, Rebecca A.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Lemay, Valerie			Changes in high arctic tundra plant reproduction in response to long-term experimental warming	GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY			English	Article						Arctic tundra; climate change; long-term experimental warming; open-top chamber; reproductive biomass; seed germination; sexual reproduction; vascular plant reproductive effort and success	INTERANNUAL CLIMATE VARIATION; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; POLAR DESERT; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ALPINE LANDSCAPE; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; SWEDISH LAPLAND; CENTRAL ALASKA	We provide new information on changes in tundra plant sexual reproduction in response to long-term (12 years) experimental warming in the High Arctic. Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to increase growing season temperatures by 1-2 degrees C across a range of vascular plant communities. The warming enhanced reproductive effort and success in most species; shrubs and graminoids appeared to be more responsive than forbs. We found that the measured effects of warming on sexual reproduction were more consistently positive and to a greater degree in polar oasis compared with polar semidesert vascular plant communities. Our findings support predictions that long-term warming in the High Arctic will likely enhance sexual reproduction in tundra plants, which could lead to an increase in plant cover. Greater abundance of vegetation has implications for primary consumers - via increased forage availability, and the global carbon budget - as a function of changes in permafrost and vegetation acting as a carbon sink. Enhanced sexual reproduction in Arctic vascular plants may lead to increased genetic variability of offspring, and consequently improved chances of survival in a changing environment. Our findings also indicate that with future warming, polar oases may play an important role as a seed source to the surrounding polar desert landscape.	[Klady, Rebecca A.; Lemay, Valerie] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Resources Management, Forest Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; [Klady, Rebecca A.; Henry, Gregory H. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada	Klady, RA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Resources Management, Forest Sci Ctr, 2045-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.	rklady@gmail.com			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada	This study was funded through grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and ArcticNet to G. H. R. H., and the Northern Student Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada to R. A. K. The authors would like to acknowledge Polar Continental Shelf Project and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for logistical support. Many thanks to the following folks for field and lab support: K.-A. Down, S. Bogart, P. Brown. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for critiquing an earlier version of this manuscript.	AIKEN SG, 1999, FLORA CANADIAN ARCTI; AMEN RD, 1966, Q REV BIOL, V41, P271, DOI 10.1086/405055; ANISIMOV O, 1997, RUSSIAN METEOROLOGY, V5, P47; Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2004, IMP WARM ARCT ARCT C; Arft AM, 1999, ECOL MONOGR, V69, P491, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0491:ROTPTE]2.0.CO;2; Baskin C. C, 1998, SEEDS ECOLOGY BIOGEO; BILLINGS WD, 1987, ARCTIC ALPINE RES, V19, P357, DOI 10.2307/1551400; BILLINGS WD, 1968, BIOL REV, V43, P481, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1968.tb00968.x; BLISS L. 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Change Biol.	APR	2011	17	4					1611	1624		10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02319.x				14	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	728CZ	WOS:000287853000009					2019-02-21	
J	Knape, J; Jonzen, N; Skold, M; Kikkawa, J; McCallum, H				Knape, Jonas; Jonzen, Niclas; Skold, Martin; Kikkawa, Jiro; McCallum, Hamish			Individual heterogeneity and senescence in Silvereyes on Heron Island	ECOLOGY			English	Article						breeding; individual heterogeneity; parameter identifiability; senescence; Silvereye; survival; Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus	ZOSTEROPS-LATERALIS-CHLOROCEPHALA; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITY; CAPRICORN SILVEREYE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARKED ANIMALS; MODEL; PARAMETERS; DOMINANCE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL	Individual heterogeneity and correlations between life history traits play a fundamental role in life history evolution and population dynamics. Unobserved individual heterogeneity in survival can be a nuisance for estimation of age effects at the individual level by causing bias due to mortality selection. We jointly analyze survival and breeding output from successful breeding attempts in an island population of Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus) by fitting models that incorporate age effects and individual heterogeneity via random effects. The number of offspring produced increased with age of parents in their first years of life but then eventually declined with age. A similar pattern was found for the probability of successful breeding. Annual survival declined with age even when individual heterogeneity was not accounted for. The rate of senescence in survival, however, depends on the variance of individual heterogeneity and vice versa; hence, both cannot be simultaneously estimated with precision. Model selection supported individual heterogeneity in breeding performance, but we found no correlation between individual heterogeneity in survival and breeding performance. We argue that individual random effects, unless unambiguously identified, should be treated as statistical nuisance or taken as a starting point in a search for mechanisms rather than given direct biological interpretation.	[Knape, Jonas; Jonzen, Niclas] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22100 Lund, Sweden; [Skold, Martin] Univ Orebro, Dept Stat, Orebro, Sweden; [Kikkawa, Jiro] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; [McCallum, Hamish] Griffith Sch Environm, Griffith, NSW, Australia	Knape, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.	jknape@berkeley.edu	McCallum, Hamish/E-1638-2013; Skold, Martin/C-8525-2012	McCallum, Hamish/0000-0002-3493-0412; Skold, Martin/0000-0001-7053-9667; Knape, Jonas/0000-0002-8012-5131	Swedish Research Council; Australian Research Council; University of Queensland	We are grateful to Tim Coulson, Torbjorn Ergon, and James Russell for valuable comments and suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. Jonas Knape and Niclas Jonzen were financially supported by the Swedish Research Council. The field data were collected jointly with Carla Catterall on Heron Island under the permits from Environment Australia and Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, and the project was supported by the Australian Research Council and the University of Queensland.	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J	Quinodoz, S; Thomas, MA; Dunkel, J; Schoz, EM				Quinodoz, Sofia; Thomas, Michael A.; Dunkel, Joern; Schoetz, Eva-Maria			The More the Merrier?	JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS			English	Article						Life-history theory; Planarians; Asexual reproduction; Entropy; Optimization	PLANARIAN DUGESIA-JAPONICA; STEM-CELLS; TRADE-OFF; CLUTCH SIZE; GREAT TITS; REGENERATION; NUMBER; NEOBLASTS; FISSION; ENTROPY	The trade-off between traits in life-history strategies has been widely studied for sexual and parthenogenetic organisms, but relatively little is known about the reproduction strategies of asexual animals. Here, we investigate clonal reproduction in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, an important model organism for regeneration and stem cell research. We find that these flatworms adopt a randomized reproduction strategy that comprises both asymmetric binary fission and fragmentation (generation of multiple offspring during a reproduction cycle). Fragmentation in planarians has primarily been regarded as an abnormal behavior in the past; using a large-scale experimental approach, we now show that about one third of the reproduction events in S. mediterranea are fragmentations, implying that fragmentation is part of their normal reproductive behavior. Our analysis further suggests that certain characteristic aspects of the reproduction statistics can be explained in terms of a maximum relative entropy principle.	[Quinodoz, Sofia; Thomas, Michael A.; Schoetz, Eva-Maria] Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst, Carl Icahn Lab 170, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Dunkel, Joern] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England	Schoz, EM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst, Carl Icahn Lab 170, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.	quinodoz@princeton.edu; matthree@princeton.edu; j.dunkel@damtp.cam.ac.uk; eschoetz@princeton.edu	Dunkel, Jorn/B-6140-2008	Dunkel, Jorn/0000-0001-8865-2369	Lewis-Sigler Fellowship	This work was inspired by a discussion EMS had with I. Fiete at UT Austin. The authors thank J. Talbot and B. Lincoln for help with worm care, R. Sedgewick and K. Wayne for their Java file I/O libraries, B. Liu, J.T. Bonner, A. Ott and W. Bialek for fruitful discussions, and A. Ott for comments on the manuscript. EMS was funded by the Lewis-Sigler Fellowship.	Agata Kiyokazu, 2008, P59, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8274-0_4; Alvarado AS, 2002, DEVELOPMENT, V129, P5659, DOI 10.1242/dev.00167; BAGUNA J, 1981, NATURE, V290, P14, DOI 10.1038/290014b0; BAGUNA J, 1989, DEVELOPMENT, V107, P77; BOYCE MS, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P142, DOI 10.2307/1938814; Bronstedt H.V., 1969, PLANARIAN REGENERATI; CALOW P, 1979, AM ZOOL, V19, P715; Charnov EL, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P578, DOI 10.1086/501141; Dunkel J, 2011, PHYS BIOL, V8, DOI 10.1088/1478-3975/8/2/026003; Hori I, 2001, BELG J ZOOL, V131, P117; Hori I, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V383, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1003415105630; JAYNES ET, 1968, IEEE T SYST SCI CYB, VSSC4, P227, DOI 10.1109/TSSC.1968.300117; KAWAKATSU M, 1959, B KYOTO GAKUGEI U B, P35; KULLBACK S, 1951, ANN MATH STAT, V22, P79, DOI 10.1214/aoms/1177729694; Mora T, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P5405, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1001705107; Newmark PA, 2002, NAT REV GENET, V3, P210, DOI 10.1038/nrg759; Oviedo NJ, 2007, DEVELOPMENT, V134, P3121, DOI 10.1242/dev.006635; Peter R, 2001, MAR ECOL-P S Z N I, V22, P35, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0485.2001.00743.x; PETTIFOR RA, 1988, NATURE, V336, P160, DOI 10.1038/336160a0; Reddien PW, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P1327, DOI 10.1126/science.1116110; Reddien PW, 2004, ANNU REV CELL DEV BI, V20, P725, DOI 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.095114; Sheiman I. M., 2006, Russian Journal of Developmental Biology, V37, P102, DOI 10.1134/S1062360406020068; SINERVO B, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1300, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5010.1300; SINERVO B, 1992, SCIENCE, V258, P1927, DOI 10.1126/science.258.5090.1927; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; SMITH HG, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P383, DOI 10.2307/4837; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; THOMAS M, 2011, SAPLING SCA IN PRESS; Visser ME, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P445, DOI 10.2307/3546694; Walker RS, 2008, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V275, P827, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.1511; WEHRL A, 1978, REV MOD PHYS, V50, P221, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.50.221; ZACCANTI F, 1986, J EXP ZOOL, V238, P319, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402380306	32	6	6	0	6	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0022-4715			J STAT PHYS	J. Stat. Phys.	APR	2011	142	6					1324	1336		10.1007/s10955-011-0157-3				13	Physics, Mathematical	Physics	749DV	WOS:000289443500013					2019-02-21	
J	Marty, L; Dieckmann, U; Rochet, MJ; Ernande, B				Marty, Lise; Dieckmann, Ulf; Rochet, Marie-Joelle; Ernande, Bruno			Impact of Environmental Covariation in Growth and Mortality on Evolving Maturation Reaction Norms	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						phenotypic plasticity; growth-reproduction trade-off; source-sink population structure; density dependence; selection gradient	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS; DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS; MATHEMATICALLY CORRECT; BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE	Maturation age and size have important fitness consequences through their effects on survival probabilities and body sizes. The evolution of maturation reaction norms in response to environmental covariation in growth and mortality is therefore a key subject of life-history theory. The eco-evolutionary model we present and analyze here incorporates critical features that earlier studies of evolving maturation reaction norms have often neglected: the trade-off between growth and reproduction, source-sink population structure, and population regulation through density-dependent growth and fecundity. We report the following findings. First, the evolutionarily optimal age at maturation can be decomposed into the sum of a density-dependent and a density-independent component. These components measure, respectively, the hypothetical negative age at which an individual's length would be 0 and the delay in maturation relative to this offset. Second, along any growth trajectory, individuals mature earlier when mortality is higher. This allows us to deduce, third, how the shapes of evolutionarily optimal maturation reaction norms depend on the covariation between growth and mortality (positive or negative, linear or curvilinear, and deterministic or probabilistic). Providing eco-evolutionary explanations for many alternative reaction-norm shapes, our results appear to be in good agreement with current empirical knowledge on maturation dynamics.	[Marty, Lise; Ernande, Bruno] IFREMER, Lab Ressources Halieut, F-62231 Boulogne, France; [Dieckmann, Ulf; Ernande, Bruno] Int Inst Appl Syst & Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Rochet, Marie-Joelle] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 03, France	Marty, L (reprint author), IFREMER, Lab Ressources Halieut, 150 Quai Gambetta,BP 699, F-62231 Boulogne, France.	lise.marty@ifremer.fr	Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011; Ernande, Bruno/C-1182-2008	Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Ernande, Bruno/0000-0002-0727-5774	European Commission under the European Community; European Science Foundation; Austrian Science Fund; Austrian Ministry of Science and Research; Vienna Science and Technology Fund; European Community through the Marie Curie Research Training Network [MRTN-CT-2004-005578]	This study has been carried out with financial support from the European Commission, as part of the Specific Targeted Research Project on "fisheries-induced evolution" (FinE; contract SSP-2006-044276) under the Scientific Support to Policies cross-cutting activities of the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission and does not anticipate the Commission's future policy in this area. U.D. acknowledges additional support by the European Science Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund, the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research, and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund, as well as by the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme, through the Marie Curie Research Training Network on "fisheries-induced adaptive changes in exploited stocks" (FishACE; contract MRTN-CT-2004-005578).	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APR	2011	177	4					E98	E118		10.1086/658988				21	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	746IF	WOS:000289237700001	21460562	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Gibbs, M; Wiklund, C; Van Dyck, H				Gibbs, Melanie; Wiklund, Christer; Van Dyck, Hans			Temperature, rainfall and butterfly morphology: does life history theory match the observed pattern?	ECOGRAPHY			English	Article							MELITAEA-CINXIA LEPIDOPTERA; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; IN-FLIGHT MORPHOLOGY; PARARGE-AEGERIA L.; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; WING MORPHOLOGY; RANGE EXPANSION; REACTION NORMS	Butterfly distribution and abundance is known to be influenced by temperature and rainfall. What is not clear, however, is how life history and flight morphological traits are affected by changes in local weather conditions. During the period 1989-1999, we explored the effects of ambient temperature and rainfall during larval development on adult phenotypic traits (body mass, forewing loading, forewing surface area and forewing length) in a Swedish population of the speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria. As different seasonal cohorts correspond to different developmental pathways (larval hibernating, pupal hibernating and directly developing), we analysed these morphological time series relative to developmental pathway. Phenotypic variation in response to the temperature and rainfall levels experienced during larval development differed in both magnitude and direction depending on the developmental pathway, and hence seasonal cohort, examined (i.e. there was a pathway-specific response). We suggest that through its developmental flexibility P. aegeria may be able to adjust to variation in weather conditions over time. Other less flexible species, however, may not be so fortunately buffered. To truly estimate the impact of climate change on biodiversity more fine-scale, local studies are required that examine the mechanisms underlying the response of species to climate change.	[Gibbs, Melanie] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England; [Van Dyck, Hans] Catholic Univ Louvain, Behav Ecol & Conservat Grp, Biodivers Res Ctr, Earth & Life Inst, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium; [Wiklund, Christer] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Gibbs, M (reprint author), NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Maclean Bldg,Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.	Hans.Vandyck@uclouvain.be	Gibbs, Melanie/E-6771-2012	Gibbs, Melanie/0000-0002-4091-9789	Univ. catholique de Louvain (UCL) [FSR06]; Natural Environment Research Council [CEH010021]	This research is supported by a FSR research grant of the Univ. catholique de Louvain (UCL) to HVD (Grant FSR06). This is publication no. BRC 186 of the Biodiversity Research Centre (UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve). Casper J. Breuker provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.	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J	Sundie, JM; Griskevicius, V; Vohs, KD; Kenrick, DT; Tybur, JM; Beal, DJ				Sundie, Jill M.; Griskevicius, Vladas; Vohs, Kathleen D.; Kenrick, Douglas T.; Tybur, Joshua M.; Beal, Daniel J.			Peacocks, Porsches, and Thorstein Veblen: Conspicuous Consumption as a Sexual Signaling System	JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						conspicuous consumption; mating; costly signaling	HUMAN MATE PREFERENCES; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; WOMENS PREFERENCES; ROMANTIC MOTIVES; DECISION-MAKING; SOCIAL-EXCHANGE; CATHARACTA-SKUA; OVULATORY CYCLE; RISK-TAKING	Conspicuous consumption is a form of economic behavior in which self-presentational concerns override desires to obtain goods at bargain prices. Showy spending may be a social signal directed at potential mates. We investigated such signals by examining (a) which individuals send them, (b) which contexts trigger them, and (c) how observers interpret them. Three experiments demonstrated that conspicuous consumption is driven by men who are following a lower investment (vs. higher investment) mating strategy and is triggered specifically by short-term (vs. long-term) mating motives. A fourth experiment showed that observers interpret such signals accurately, with women perceiving men who conspicuously consume as being interested in short-term mating. Furthermore, conspicuous purchasing enhanced men's desirability as a short-term (but not as a long-term) mate. Overall, these findings suggest that flaunting status-linked goods to potential mates is not simply about displaying economic resources. Instead, conspicuous consumption appears to be part of a more precise signaling system focused on short-term mating. These findings contribute to an emerging literature on human life-history strategies.	[Sundie, Jill M.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Mkt, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA; [Kenrick, Douglas T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Griskevicius, Vladas; Vohs, Kathleen D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mkt, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Tybur, Joshua M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Beal, Daniel J.] Rice Univ, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77251 USA	Sundie, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Mkt, 1 UTSA Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.	jill.sundie@utsa.edu	Beal, Daniel/A-6076-2019; Tybur, Joshua/P-5435-2014	Beal, Daniel/0000-0003-4750-2430; Tybur, Joshua/0000-0002-0462-6508			Aiken LS, 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Apicella CL, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P384, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.07.001; Baker MD, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P391, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.06.001; Baumeister RF, 2004, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V8, P339, DOI 10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_2; Bird RB, 2005, CURR ANTHROPOL, V46, P221; BOLLEN KA, 1987, SOCIOL METHOD RES, V15, P375, DOI 10.1177/0049124187015004002; BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00023992; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; Catry P, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V54, P1265, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1997.0543; CRAWFORD CB, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P1449, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.44.12.1449; Dabbs James McBride, 2000, HEROES ROGUES LOVERS; Darwin C, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO; ELLISON PT, 2001, FERTILE GROUND NATUR; Ermer E, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P106, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.11.002; Frank Robert H., 2007, FALLING RISING INEQU; Gangestad SW, 2007, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V92, P151, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.151; Gangestad SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0000337X; Gangestad SW, 2003, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V24, P231, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00017-5; Gangestad SW, 2004, PSYCHOL SCI, V15, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503010.x; Godoy R, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P124, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.08.005; Gould J, 1989, SEXUAL SELECTION; Griskevicius V, 2007, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V93, P85, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.85; Griskevicius V, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V91, P281, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.281; Griskevicius V, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V91, P63, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.63; Griskevicius V, 2010, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V98, P392, DOI 10.1037/a0017346; Griskevicius V, 2009, J MARKETING RES, V46, P384, DOI 10.1509/jmkr.46.3.384; Griskevicius V, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V96, P980, DOI 10.1037/a0013907; Gross M. 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J	Walsh, MR; Reznick, DN				Walsh, Matthew R.; Reznick, David N.			EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION IN A KILLIFISH IN RESPONSE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF GUPPIES	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Indirect effects; life-history evolution; predator-prey; Rivulus	FISH BRACHYRHAPHIS-RHABDOPHORA; NATURAL-SELECTION; POECILIA-RETICULATA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRADE-OFF; CONTEMPORARY MICROEVOLUTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; BODY-WEIGHT	Life-history theory predicts that increased predation on juvenile age/size-classes favors delayed maturation and decreased reproductive investment. Although this theory has received correlative support, experimental tests in nature are rare. In 1976 and 1981, guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were transplanted into localities that previously only contained a killifish, Rivulus hartii. This situation presents an opportunity to experimentally test this life-history prediction because guppies prey upon young Rivulus. We evaluated the response to selection in Rivulus by measuring phenotypic and genotypic divergence between introduction and upstream "control" localities that lack guppies. Contrary to expectations, Rivulus from the introduction sites evolved earlier maturation and increased reproductive investment within 25 years. Such evolutionary changes parallel previous investigations on natural communities of Rivulus, but do not comply with predictions of age/size-specific theory. Guppies also caused reduced densities and increased growth rates of Rivulus, which are hypothesized indirect effects of predation. Additional life-history theories show that changes in density and growth can interact with predator-induced mortality to alter the predicted trajectory of evolution. We discuss how these latter frameworks improve the fit between theory and evolution in Rivulus.	[Walsh, Matthew R.; Reznick, David N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Walsh, Matthew R.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA	Walsh, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	matthew.walsh@yale.edu		reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	National Science Foundation [DEB0808039, DEB0416085, EF0623632]	We thank D. Fraser, M. Schrader, C. Oufiero, J. Ogren, E. Kam, and R. Sandhu for field or laboratory assistance. D. Roff, L. Nunney, the Reznick lab, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant DEB0808039, and National Science Foundation Grants DEB0416085 and EF0623632 to DNR.	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J	South, A; Stanger-Hall, K; Jeng, ML; Lewis, SM				South, Adam; Stanger-Hall, Kathrin; Jeng, Ming-Luen; Lewis, Sara M.			CORRELATED EVOLUTION OF FEMALE NEOTENY AND FLIGHTLESSNESS WITH MALE SPERMATOPHORE PRODUCTION IN FIREFLIES (COLEOPTERA: LAMPYRIDAE)	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Bioluminescence; seminal nuptial gifts; flightlessness; life-history evolution; male accessory glands; neoteny; sexual selection; sexual signals	PHOTINUS-COLLUSTRANS COLEOPTERA; MALE ACCESSORY-GLANDS; NUPTIAL GIFTS; SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; MATING HISTORY; BUSH-CRICKET; INSECTS; BUTTERFLIES	The beetle family Lampyridae (fireflies) encompasses similar to 100 genera worldwide with considerable diversity in life histories and signaling modes. Some lampyrid males use reproductive accessory glands to produce spermatophores, which have been shown to increase female lifetime fecundity. Sexual dimorphism in the form of neotenic and flightless females is also common in this family. A major goal of this study was to test a hypothesized link between female flight ability and male spermatophore production. We examined macroevolutionary patterns to test for correlated evolution among different levels of female neoteny (and associated loss of flight ability), male accessory gland number (and associated spermatophore production), and sexual signaling mode. Trait reconstruction on a molecular phylogeny indicated that flying females and spermatophores were ancestral traits and that female neoteny increased monotonically and led to flightlessness within multiple lineages. In addition, male spermatophore production was lost multiple times. Our evolutionary trait analysis revealed significant correlations between increased female neoteny and male accessory gland number, as well as between flightlessness and spermatophore loss. In addition, female flightlessness was positively correlated with the use of glows as female sexual signal. Transition probability analysis supported an evolutionary sequence of female flightlessness evolving first, followed by loss of male spermatophores. These results contribute to understanding how spermatophores have evolved and how this important class of seminal nuptial gifts is linked to other traits, providing new insights into sexual selection and life-history evolution.	[South, Adam; Lewis, Sara M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA; [Stanger-Hall, Kathrin] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Jeng, Ming-Luen] Natl Museum Nat Sci, Taichung, Taiwan	South, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA.	sara.lewis@tufts.edu		Jeng, Ming-Luen/0000-0001-8855-5817; Stanger-Hall, Kathrin/0000-0002-6941-4178	Tufts University; NSF [IOB 0543738, DEB 0074953]	We are grateful to the many colleagues who provided specimens for this study: R. De Cock, M. Branham, L. Faust, and N. Abe. We also thank F. Hayashi for sharing anatomical data on Japanese fireflies, and T. Murray, A. Wild, and T. Chen for permission to use their excellent photos. T. Chapman, G. Arnqvist, R. De Cock, D. Hall, and several anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This research was supported by Tufts University and by NSF grants IOB 0543738 to SML and DEB 0074953 to KSH, as well as a NSF EAPSI fellowship to AS.	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J	Meredith, RW; Pires, MN; Reznick, DN; Springer, MS				Meredith, Robert W.; Pires, Marcelo N.; Reznick, David N.; Springer, Mark S.			Molecular phylogenetic relationships and the coevolution of placentotrophy and superfetation in Poecilia (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes)	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Cyprinodontiformes; Poeciliidae; Pamphorichthys; Poecilia; Correlated evolution; Placentotrophy; Superfetation	HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; FOLLICULAR PLACENTA; FAMILY POECILIIDAE; VIVIPAROUS FISH; SAILFIN MOLLIES; LIFE-HISTORY; MIXED MODELS; EVOLUTION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROPOECILIA	Members of Poeciliidae are used as model organisms for experimental studies on natural and sexual selection, and comparative studies of life-history evolution. The latter have demonstrated multiple origins of both superfetation and placentotrophy within Poeciliidae. Most recently, placentotrophy has been described in five species of Poecilia (Pamphorichthys), but only one of these (P. hasemani) shows evidence of superfetation. Here, we use a molecular phylogeny based on concatenated nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences to test hypotheses of correlated evolution between superfetation and placentotrophy in Poecilia. Taxon sampling included all species in the subgenera micropoecilia and Pamphorichthys for which the presence or absence of placentotrophy and superfetation have been determined, as well as representatives of all other Poecilia subgenera (Acanthophacelus, Limia, Mollienesia, Poecilia, Pseudolimia). Phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods; ancestral states for life-history characters were reconstructed with parsimony and SIMMAP; correlation analyses were performed with SIMMAP; and divergence times were estimated using a relaxed molecular clock. All subgenera in Poecilia were recovered as monophyletic. The basal split in Poecilia is between P. (Acanthophacelus) + P. (Micropoecilia) and the other five subgenera. In the latter clade, P. (Poecilia) is the sister-group to the remaining four subgenera. Within P. (Pamphorichthys), all analyses with the combined data set recovered P. (Pamphorichthys) araguaiensis as the sister taxon to P. (Pamphorichthys) hollandi, and P. (Pamphorichthys) scalpridens as the sister taxon to P. (Pamphorichthys) minor. P. (Pamphorichthys) hasemani was either the sister taxon to P. (Pamphorichthys) hollandi + P. (Pamphorichthys) minor (maximum likelihood, Bayesian) or the sister taxon to all other Pamphorichthys species (maximum parsimony). Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that placentotrophy and superfetation evolved on the same branch in P. (Micropoecilia), whereas placentotrophy evolved before superfetation in P. (Pamphorichthys). SIMMAP analyses indicate a statistically significant association between placentotrophy and superfetation. Within P. (Micropoecilia) both placentotrophy and superfetation evolved in <= 4 million years. Within P. (Pamphorichthys), superfetation evolved in <= 9 million years on the P. (Pamphorichthys) hasemani branch, and placentotrophy evolved in <= 10 million years in the common ancestor of this subgenus. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Meredith, Robert W.; Pires, Marcelo N.; Reznick, David N.; Springer, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	Meredith, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	robert.meredith@email.ucr.edu; mark.sprin-ger@ucr.edu		reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	NSF [DEB0416085]	F. Breden, H. Alexander, J. de Greef, M. Schartl, and the Sao Paulo University Museum of Zoology (MZUSP), Brazil, in particular M. de Pinna, C.R. Moreira, and C.A. Figueiredo, provided some of the specimens used in this study. J.C. Trexler kindly provided a pre-print of his co-authored paper in press. This study was supported by NSF grant DEB0416085 to D.N.R. and M.S.S.	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E., 1963, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, V126, P1; ROSEN DONN ERIC, 1953, ZOOLOGICA [NEW YORK], V38, P1; Schluter A, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P147, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0762; Schrader M, 2005, COPEIA, P649; Scrimshaw NS, 1944, BIOL BULL-US, V87, P37, DOI 10.2307/1538127; SCRIMSHAW NS, 1944, COPEIA, P180; Stamatakis A, 2006, BIOINFORMATICS, V22, P2688, DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446; Swofford D. L., 2002, PAUP PHYLOGENETIC AN; Teeling EC, 2000, NATURE, V403, P188, DOI 10.1038/35003188; THIBAULT RE, 1978, EVOLUTION, V32, P320, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb00648.x; Trexler JC, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1370; TREXLER JC, 1985, COPEIA, P999, DOI 10.2307/1445254; TREXLER JC, VIVIPAROUS IN PRESS, V2; Turner CL, 1937, BIOL BULL-US, V72, P145, DOI 10.2307/1537249; Yang ZH, 2006, MOL BIOL EVOL, V23, P212, DOI 10.1093/molbev/msj024	62	23	23	1	60	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	1055-7903	1095-9513		MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL	Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.	APR	2011	59	1					148	157		10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.014				10	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	743LY	WOS:000289021000013	21292015				2019-02-21	
J	Lehtonen, TK; Wong, BBM; Lindstrom, K; Meyer, A				Lehtonen, Topi K.; Wong, Bob B. M.; Lindstrom, Kai; Meyer, Axel			Species divergence and seasonal succession in rates of mate desertion in closely related Neotropical cichlid fishes	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						Body size; Lake Apoyo; Lake Xiloa; Mate desertion; Midas cichlid complex; Parental care; Seasonal variation; Species comparison	RANGING CONVICT CICHLIDS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PARENTAL CARE; CICHLASOMA-NIGROFASCIATUM; SEXUAL SELECTION; SIZE; MONOGAMY; CONSEQUENCES; CITRINELLUM; INVESTMENT	Across animal taxa, exclusive female offspring care has evolved repeatedly from biparental care, suggesting that the latter becomes evolutionarily unstable under certain conditions. Both the attributes of a species and the environment it experiences can help to predict shifts from one particular care mode to another. Nevertheless, factors inducing differences in care strategies among closely related species, or seasonal variation within species, have been subject to surprisingly little empirical testing. Here, we report the results of a field-based study that examined both among and within species variation in mate desertion in five species of closely related Nicaraguan cichlid fish in the genera Amphilophus and Amatitlania. The results show a link between female body size and male involvement in offspring care. Specifically, the larger the species the less often males were found to provide extended care. Furthermore, we found that solitary females became more common towards the end of the breeding season. We discuss the implications of this finding in the context of previous theoretical and empirical contributions regarding the frequency of offspring desertion by males.	[Lehtonen, Topi K.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, Turku 20014, Finland; [Lehtonen, Topi K.; Lindstrom, Kai] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Lehtonen, Topi K.; Meyer, Axel] Univ Konstanz, Lehrstuhl Zool & Evolut Biol, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany; [Lehtonen, Topi K.; Wong, Bob B. M.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia; [Lindstrom, Kai] Abo Akad Univ, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland	Lehtonen, TK (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, Turku 20014, Finland.	topi.lehtonen@utu.fi	Lehtonen, Topi/A-6679-2010; Meyer, Axel/C-9826-2009; Lindstrom, Kai/B-5479-2008	Lehtonen, Topi/0000-0002-1372-9509; Meyer, Axel/0000-0002-0888-8193; Lindstrom, Kai/0000-0002-8356-5538	Academy of Finland; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany; Oskar Oflund's Foundation; Australian Research Council; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	K. McKaye, E. van den Berghe, J. McCrary and L. Lopez provided working facilities and logistic help in Nicaragua. M. Geiger helped with many of the dives and with the sinking of "Flor de Cana". L. R. Morales Herrera, R. I. Membreno Andino and M.-E. Bernal provided additional assistance in the field. The manuscript also benefited from helpful comments by O. Svensson, P. A. Svensson and two anonymous reviewers. MARENA, Nicaragua, issued the necessary working permits. Financial support was provided by the Academy of Finland (TKL and KL), the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany (TKL), Oskar Oflund's Foundation (TKL), the Australian Research Council (BBMW) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AM). The study complies with the current laws of Nicaragua.	Barlow G.W., 1976, P359; Barlow G.W., 1976, P333; Barlow G. 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Ecol. Sociobiol.	APR	2011	65	4					607	612		10.1007/s00265-010-1061-6				6	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	735VH	WOS:000288448000005					2019-02-21	
J	Ricklefs, RE; Tsunekage, T; Shea, RE				Ricklefs, Robert E.; Tsunekage, Toshi; Shea, Russell E.			Annual adult survival in several new world passerine birds based on age ratios in museum collections	JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Article						Age markers; Collecting bias; Life history; Molt; Tropical birds	CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RETURN RATES; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; BREEDING DISPERSAL; THRUSHES TURDUS; PLUMAGE MATURATION; APPARENT SURVIVAL; NEOTROPICAL BIRD; MALE OVENBIRDS	We estimated annual survival from proportions of first-year and older birds in museum collections of several species of North American and Neotropical passerine birds (Order Passeriformes). The quality of estimates of survival from museum specimens depends on accurate aging, usually based on plumage markers, and unbiased collecting. The advantages of an age-ratio approach are broad temporal and geographic sampling, large sample sizes, reduced bias from adult dispersal, and access to species and areas not readily sampled in mark-recapture studies. Biases in estimated survival due to sex- and age-based biases in collecting are discussed in detail. Survival estimates were higher in tropical compared to temperate populations/species in Pyrocephalus, Icterus, Pheucticus, and Cyanocompsa, but not Catharus. In seven of nine North American species, estimates of survival from museum collections exceeded those obtained in local MAPS mark-recapture studies. Generalizations concerning adult survival rates in natural populations continue to be elusive, but the use of a variety of estimation approaches will enrich the empirical database and strengthen confidence in perceived patterns of life-history traits.	[Ricklefs, Robert E.; Tsunekage, Toshi] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA; [Shea, Russell E.] Randolph Macon Coll, Dept Biol, Ashland, VA 23005 USA	Ricklefs, RE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 1 Univ Dr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.	ricklefs@umsl.edu			NSF [IBN-0212587]	We are grateful to the staff of the ornithology collections at the Field Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, and the National Museum of Natural History for their assistance. Steve Beissinger, Brett Sandercock, Charles Francis, and several anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript. We give special thanks to Kevin Winker for extensive comments. The study was funded by NSF IBN-0212587. R. E. R. has been generously supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Curators of the University of Missouri.	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S., 1961, TRANS AMER FISH SOC, V90, P181, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1961)90[181:CCAMR]2.0.CO;2; Roper JJ, 2005, ORNITOL NEOTROP, V16, P253; Rosenberg M. S., 2000, METAWIN STAT SOFTWAR; Sandercock BK, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1351, DOI 10.2307/177213; Sandercock BK, 2006, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V70, P1504, DOI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1504:EODPFL]2.0.CO;2; Schaub M, 2009, J ANIM ECOL, V78, P625, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01508.x; SKALSKI J.R., 2005, WILDLIFE DEMOGRAPHY; Styrsky JN, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P3238, DOI 10.1890/04-1613; Tavecchia G, 2002, IBIS, V144, pE79, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00059.x; Winker K, 1996, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V67, P236	47	18	19	0	28	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0021-8375			J ORNITHOL	J. Ornithol.	APR	2011	152	2					481	495		10.1007/s10336-010-0614-9				15	Ornithology	Zoology	735EI	WOS:000288395800030					2019-02-21	
J	Chun, YJ; Le Corre, V; Bretagnolle, F				Chun, Young Jin; Le Corre, Valerie; Bretagnolle, Francois			Adaptive divergence for a fitness-related trait among invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in France	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Article						diversifying selection; F(ST) and Q(ST); invasive species; quantitative trait; ragweed	LOOSESTRIFE LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; COMMON RAGWEED; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; Q(ST)-F-ST COMPARISONS; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CLINAL VARIATION	The impact of natural selection on the adaptive divergence of invasive populations can be assessed by testing the null hypothesis that the extent of quantitative genetic differentiation (Q(ST)) would be similar to that of neutral molecular differentiation (F(ST)). Using eight microsatellite loci and a common garden approach, we compared Q(ST) and F(ST) among ten populations of an invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) in France. In a common garden study with varying water and nutrient levels, we measured Q(ST) for five traits (height, total biomass, reproductive allocation, above- to belowground biomass ratio, and days to flowering). Although low F(ST) indicated weak genetic structure and strong gene flow among populations, we found significant diversifying selection (Q(ST) > F(ST)) for reproductive allocation that may be closely related to fitness. It suggests that abiotic conditions may have exerted selection pressure on A. artemisiifolia populations to differentiate adaptively, such that populations at higher altitude or latitude evolved greater reproductive allocation. As previous studies indicate multiple introductions from various source populations of A. artemisiifolia in North America, our results suggest that the admixture of introduced populations may have increased genetic diversity and additive genetic variance, and in turn, promoted the rapid evolution and adaptation of this invasive species.	[Chun, Young Jin] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Bioevaluat Ctr, Cheongwon 363883, South Korea; [Le Corre, Valerie; Bretagnolle, Francois] INRA, UMR Biol & Gest Adventices 1210, F-21065 Dijon, France	Chun, YJ (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Bioevaluat Ctr, Cheongwon 363883, South Korea.	youngjinchun@gmail.com		Le Corre, Valerie/0000-0001-6515-7795	department of Sante des Plantes et Environnement at INRA, University of Burgundy; Regional Council of Burgundy, France	We thank B. Fumanal and B. Laitung for their assistance with sampling and E. Carteret for managing plants in greenhouse. B. Chauvel, G. Evanno, and A. Dornier provided constructive discussion and comments. This project was supported by the department of Sante des Plantes et Environnement at INRA, University of Burgundy, and the Regional Council of Burgundy, France.	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Ecol.	APR	2011	20	7					1378	1388		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05013.x				11	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	739HK	WOS:000288705300008	21306459				2019-02-21	
J	Jarvi-Laturi, M; Lindstrom, K; Kvarnemo, C; Svensson, O				Jarvi-Laturi, M.; Lindstrom, K.; Kvarnemo, C.; Svensson, O.			Sand goby males trade off between defence against egg predators and sneak intrusions	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						alternative reproductive tactics; egg predation; Gobiidae; Hinia reticulata; Nassarius nitidus; nest defence; reproductive success; sneaking	GENETIC MATING PATTERNS; POMATOSCHISTUS-MINUTUS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; MALE COMPETITION; PARENTAL CARE; 2 POPULATIONS; NEST DEFENSE; COMMON GOBY; MALE SIZE; RISK	According to life-history theory, a care-taking parent should balance investment in current and future reproduction in such a way that it maximizes lifetime reproductive success. In the sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus, a small marine fish with paternal care, nest-guarding males may lose current reproductive success to both parasitically fertilizing males and egg predators. Here, we observed sand gobies at a marine and a brackish site, two geographically distant and ecologically different habitats. In a field experiment, we found that sand gobies at the marine site suffered from severe egg predation by netted dogwhelks Nassarius nitidus, which are lacking at the brackish site. Because egg laying takes hours and several females often lay eggs sequentially in one nest, the risk of parasitic spawnings and egg predation overlaps in time during breeding activities. Hypothesizing that egg predators might influence the success of parasitic spawnings, we then simulated these natural conditions in a laboratory experiment with the presence or absence of egg predators, combined with the presence of sneaker males. As expected, in the egg predator treatment, egg-guarding males had to compromise between defence behaviours and thus had less time to devote to defence against sneaker males. Sneaker males took advantage of the situation and approached the nests more actively than in the predator-free treatment. However, the increase in approaches did not result in more successful parasitic fertilizations by sneaker males, as determined using microsatellite DNA. Nevertheless, in nature the adjustment of time budgets by the egg-guarding male are likely to have serious fitness consequences, both if the male fails to defend his paternity and if he fails to defend his offspring.	[Kvarnemo, C.; Svensson, O.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Jarvi-Laturi, M.] Univ Helsinki, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Dept Biosci, Helsinki, Finland; [Lindstrom, K.] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci, Turku, Finland	Svensson, O (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool, Box 463, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.	ola.svensson@zool.gu.se	Kvarnemo, Charlotta/D-3529-2012; Svensson, Ola/F-5232-2013; Lindstrom, Kai/B-5479-2008	Svensson, Ola/0000-0003-3752-3131; Lindstrom, Kai/0000-0002-8356-5538	Onni Talas foundation; Swedish research council; Finnish Academy; Stockholm Marine Research Centre	We thank Daniel Simonsson for help with the field experiment and Annika Dahlgren for assistance with the laboratory experiment. Funding was provided by Onni Talas foundation (M.J.L.), the Swedish research council (C.K.), the Finnish Academy (K.L.), and the Stockholm Marine Research Centre (O.S.). This research was carried out with an ethical permit from the Swedish National Board for Laboratory Animals (Dnr 133-2002) and the University of Helsinki (HY 67-04).	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Zool.	APR	2011	283	4					269	275		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00788.x				7	Zoology	Zoology	732VF	WOS:000288217100006					2019-02-21	
J	Laver, CRJ; Taylor, JS				Laver, Christopher R. J.; Taylor, John S.			RT-qPCR reveals opsin gene upregulation associated with age and sex in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)-a species with color-based sexual selection and 11 visual-opsin genes	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article							POECILIA-RETICULATA-P; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FEMALE CHOICE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; MATE PREFERENCE; TELEOST FISHES	Background: PCR-based surveys have shown that guppies (Poecilia reticulata) have an unusually large visual-opsin gene repertoire. This has led to speculation that opsin duplication and divergence has enhanced the evolution of elaborate male coloration because it improves spectral sensitivity and/or discrimination in females. However, this conjecture on evolutionary connections between opsin repertoire, vision, mate choice, and male coloration was generated with little data on gene expression. Here, we used RT-qPCR to survey visual-opsin gene expression in the eyes of males, females, and juveniles in order to further understand color-based sexual selection from the perspective of the visual system. Results: Juvenile and adult (male and female) guppies express 10 visual opsins at varying levels in the eye. Two opsin genes in juveniles, SWS2B and RH2-2, accounted for >85% of all visual-opsin transcripts in the eye, excluding RH1. This relative abundance (RA) value dropped to about 65% in adults, as LWS-A180 expression increased from approximately 3% to 20% RA. The juvenile-to-female transition also showed LWS-S180 upregulation from about 1.5% to 7% RA. Finally, we found that expression in guppies' SWS2-LWS gene cluster is negatively correlated with distance from a candidate locus control region (LCR). Conclusions: Selective pressures influencing visual-opsin gene expression appear to differ among age and sex. LWS upregulation in females is implicated in augmenting spectral discrimination of male coloration and courtship displays. In males, enhanced discrimination of carotenoid-rich food and possibly rival males are strong candidate selective pressures driving LWS upregulation. These developmental changes in expression suggest that adults possess better wavelength discrimination than juveniles. Opsin expression within the SWS2-LWS gene cluster appears to be regulated, in part, by a common LCR. Finally, by comparing our RT-qPCR data to MSP data, we were able to propose the first opsin-to-lambda(max) assignments for all photoreceptor types in the cone mosaic.	[Laver, Christopher R. J.; Taylor, John S.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada	Taylor, JS (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.	taylorjs@uvic.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada	The authors thank Felix Breden, Corey Watson, and Ben Sandkam of Simon Fraser University for helpful comments and discussions, as well as for sharing unpublished sequence and MSP data, and special thanks to Anna von Rossum of Simon Fraser University for editing the manuscript. Additional thanks to researchers from the University of Victoria: Roderick Haesevoets from the Centre for Biomedical Research DNA Sequencing Facility, Caren Helbing for aid in developing a qPCR buffer, Brad Anholt for use of his Stratagene (R) Mx4000 (R) Multiplex Quantitative PCR machine, and Nigel Livingston for use of his Ocean Optics Inc USB2000 spectrophotometer. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.	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Biol.	MAR 29	2011	11								81	10.1186/1471-2148-11-81				17	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	751MN	WOS:000289622300001	21447186	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Schmaltz, L; Cezilly, F; Bechet, A				Schmaltz, Lucie; Cezilly, Frank; Bechet, Arnaud			Using multistate recapture modelling to assess age-specific bottlenecks in breeding success: a case study in the greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus	JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; RUBER-ROSEUS; NEST DESERTION; PARENTAL AGE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PYGOSCELIS-ANTARCTICA; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; INCUBATION	Bird reproductive performance often increases with age or experience as a result of improved foraging skills, increased reproductive effort, improved coordination between partners, or a selection process. However, it remains unclear whether age and/or experience affect equally the successive steps of the breeding process, from egg laying to incubation and chick rearing. Using data from a long-term study of the Camargue (southern France) population of the greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus, we studied the influence of age on step-specific breeding performances during a single breeding season. We used, for the first time, multistate recapture models to evaluate the effect of age on breeding attendance (as a surrogate for breeding success) during incubation, early chick rearing and late chick rearing. Our results show a significant positive influence of age on breeding attendance, but only during the incubation period. Older parents had a higher probability than younger ones of completing incubation, whereas after the chick had hatched, the influence of parental age on breeding attendance was no longer significant. Although a high rate of nest desertion by younger flamingos during the middle of the incubation period coincided with a period of heavy rainfall, including rainfall level as a covariate did not improve the fit of the models. We discuss our results in relation to the evolution of life-history strategies in long-lived bird species and the influence of environmental instability.	[Schmaltz, Lucie; Bechet, Arnaud] Ctr Rech Tour Valat, FR-13200 Arles, France; [Cezilly, Frank] Univ Bourgogne, Equipe Ecol Evolut, CNRS, UMR, FR-5561 Dijon, France	Schmaltz, L (reprint author), Ctr Rech Tour Valat, FR-13200 Arles, France.	bechet@tourduvalat.org	Bechet, Arnaud/L-1466-2013		Tour du Valat Fondation; MAVA Fondation	This work is part of a long-term study of greater flamingos initiated by Dr. Luc Hoffmann, pursued by Dr. Alan R. Johnson for more than 30 years, and supported by Fondations Tour du Valat and MAVA. We are grateful to the many assistants who participated in the fieldwork over many years and all the people who helped in the ringing operations. We also thank C. Juillet and R. Pradel for helping with data analyses. Two anonymous reviewers and the science editor of Journal of Avian Biology helped to improve a first version of this paper. This work would not have been possible without the authorization given by the company Salins to access Salin-de-Giraud salt pans.	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Avian Biol.	MAR	2011	42	2					178	186		10.1111/j.1600-048X.2010.05112.x				9	Ornithology	Zoology	758PO	WOS:000290177400009					2019-02-21	
J	Snell-Rood, EC; Davidowitz, G; Papaj, DR				Snell-Rood, Emilie C.; Davidowitz, Goggy; Papaj, Daniel R.			Reproductive tradeoffs of learning in a butterfly	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						juvenile hormone; learning; life history; Pieris rapae; ovary maturation; trade-off	PIERIS-RAPAE LEPIDOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SMALL CABBAGE WHITE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BRAIN SIZE; SPATIAL MEMORY; LONG-TERM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; MONARCH BUTTERFLIES	The evolution of learning has long been hypothesized to be limited by fitness trade-offs such as delays in reproduction. We explored the relationship between host learning and reproduction in the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae. The cabbage white female is innately biased to search for common green hosts but can learn to search for rare red hosts. Host learning was shown previously to vary among full-sibling families and to incur costs in terms of host search efficiency and brain size. In the present study, we show that butterflies from full-sib families with relatively better learning performance on red hosts tend to emerge as adults with relatively fewer and less-developed eggs. We also used methoprene, a juvenile hormone mimic, to advance reproduction in female cabbage whites. We found that methoprene-treated butterflies improved host-finding ability less with experience, relative to controls, providing independent evidence of a link between learning and timing of reproduction. Finally, we show that the learning experience itself is associated with additional decreases in lifetime fecundity. These results support a range of theoretical and comparative studies highlighting the importance of fitness tradeoffs in the evolution of learning and cognition.	[Snell-Rood, Emilie C.; Davidowitz, Goggy; Papaj, Daniel R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Snell-Rood, Emilie C.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Davidowitz, Goggy] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Snell-Rood, EC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.	snell039@umn.edu			Center for Insect Science (University of Arizona); Animal Behavior Society; Sigma Xi; Deptartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of Arizona); Philanthropic Educational Organization	Center for Insect Science (University of Arizona); Animal Behavior Society; Sigma Xi; Deptartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of Arizona); and Philanthropic Educational Organization.	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Ecol.	MAR-APR	2011	22	2					291	302		10.1093/beheco/arq169				12	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	747DC	WOS:000289299500015		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Lienard, P				Lienard, Pierre			Life stages and risk-avoidance: Status- and context-sensitivity in precaution systems	NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS			English	Review						Precaution psychology; Life history theory; Female risk-avoidance and pregnancy; Coalitional psychology	OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HISTORY EVOLUTION; DISGUST SENSITIVITY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INTRASEXUAL AGGRESSION; RITUALIZED BEHAVIOR; CONTAMINATION FEAR; NATURAL-SELECTION	Human typical life history involves specific tradeoffs, resulting in the selection of specific cognitive adaptations, among which a suite of age- and gender-specific precaution systems sensitive to variations in the physical and social environment. Precaution systems take into account the individual's status and life-stage, information about specific threats, as well as the fact that the organism can or cannot address those threats unassisted. Systematic variation in individual decision-making and behavior in risky situations provide insights into the operation of those precaution systems. The literature survey is completed by data gathered among the pastoral Turkana of Kenya showing how variations in precautions and risk avoidance correlate with age, sex, and social conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA	Lienard, P (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,Box 455003, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.	pierre.lienard@unlv.edu					A. P. 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J	Greenwood, JL; Dawson, RD				Greenwood, Jennifer L.; Dawson, Russell D.			RISK OF NEST PREDATION INFLUENCES REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT IN AMERICAN KESTRELS (FALCO SPARVERIUS): AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST	JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH			English	Article						American Kestrel; Falco sparverius; red squirret; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; audio playback; incubation; nest predation; nest-site selection; reproductive investment.	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; HABITAT SELECTION; CLUTCH SIZE; PARENTAL CARE; BIRDS; FOOD; CONSEQUENCES; MANIPULATION; COMPETITION	Nest predation is the primary cause of nest failure in birds. Individuals should therefore adjust. parental investment to minimize the costs associated with this constraint; evidence suggests that nest predation influences nest-site selection, and drives variation in both clutch size and parental behavior. Here, we test how the perception of the risk of nest predation from red squirrels (Taminsciurus hudsonicus) influenced nest-site selection and reproductive investment of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) breeding in the boreal forest. For this purpose, we conducted audio playbacks of squirrel vocalizations and altered nest boxes to experimentally increase cues of the presence of Red Squirrels in the vicinity of potential nests. Experimental manipulations of the risk of nest predation did not influence nest-site selection; however, experimentally increasing the perceived risk of nest predation induced kestrels to initiate breeding later, and to lay larger clutches. Parents did not appreciably alter incubation behavior in response to our manipulation, although the duration of incubation was longer where natural squirrel threat was higher. Our results showed that kestrels are capable of making facultative adjustments to current reproductive investment in response to their perception of the risk of nest predation.	[Greenwood, Jennifer L.; Dawson, Russell D.] Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada	Greenwood, JL (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Ecosyst Sci & Management Program, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.	greenwoj@unbc.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; University of Northern British Columbia; Northern Scientific Training Program	We wish to thank K. Bildstein, J. Riegert, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Funding was provided to RDD by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and the University of Northern British Columbia, and to JLG by the Northern Scientific Training Program. Assistance in the field was provided by C. McKee. Data were collected under permit from Environment Canada and Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, and all protocols were approved by the University of Northern British Columbia Animal Care and Use Committee.	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MAR	2011	45	1					15	26		10.3356/JRR-10-26.1				12	Ornithology	Zoology	739CV	WOS:000288691300002					2019-02-21	
J	Lu, X				Lu, Xin			Reproductive Ecology of Three Tibetan Waterbird Species, with Special Reference to Life-History Alterations along Elevational Gradients	ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES			English	Article						Anas platyrhynchos; Fulica atra; Gallinula chlorpus; High elevation; Life history	CONSPECIFIC BROOD PARASITISM; IMPOUNDED CATTAIL MARSH; COOT FULICA-ATRA; CLUTCH-SIZE; BREEDING ECOLOGY; NEST SUCCESS; AVIAN EGG; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; COMMON MOORHEN; INCUBATION	Xin Lu (2011) Reproductive ecology of three Tibetan waterbird species, with special reference to life-history alterations along elevational gradients. Zoological Studies 50(2): 192-202. Life-history theory predicts that birds nesting at higher elevations will have lower reproductive output due to ecological constraints. Higher-elevation birds should allocate more energy into individual offspring through producing fewer and larger eggs to allow their offspring to better survive the harsh environments. To test the prediction, I collected reproductive data on 3 waterbirds, the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Common Moorhen Gallinula chlorpus and Eurasian Coot Fulica atra, at Lhalu Wetland (3650 m in elevation), the largest marshland with macrophytes on the Tibetan Plateau. These birds became regular nesters after prohibition of yak grazing and reed harvesting in the wetland since 2003. Mallards laid eggs from mid-Apr. to mid-June, moorhens from early May to mid-June, and coots from mid-May to late June. Clutch size and egg size of these high-elevation waterbirds were smaller or intermediate compared to those of their lowland counterparts, partially supporting the prediction. The pattern might be associated with a balance between environmental harshness and allocation of body reserves in terms of the number of clutches produced annually, and the number and size of eggs within a clutch across elevational gradients. The high-elevation mallards and moorhens primarily used reeds Phragmites australis as nesting habitat (with 92% and 68% of nests located there, respectively), whereas coots preferred rushes Juncus effusus (77%). Predation by mammals and flooding contributed to about 1/2 of the failed mallard and moorhen nests, whereas predation was responsible for the majority of coot nest loss. My data also suggest the importance of wetland management based on species-specific habitat requirements for conserving this breeding waterbird assemblage. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/50.2/192.pdf	Wuhan Univ, Dept Zool, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China	Lu, X (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Dept Zool, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.	luxinwh@gmail.com	stud, zool/G-4030-2011		National Key Technology Research and Development Program [2007BAC06B03]	I thank X.S. Wu, G.H. Gong, X.H. Zeng, D.H. Ke, X.Y. Ma and R. Ci for assistance during field work, L.E. Johannessen for providing critical references, and J. Comely for comments on a draft of the manuscript. This study was conducted in the Field Research Station for Tibetan Wildlife, which is jointly administered by Wuhan Univ. (Wuhan, China) and Tibet Univ. (Lhasa, China). The National Key Technology Research and Development Program (Grant 2007BAC06B03) provided support for this study.	Ackerman JT, 2003, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V54, P264, DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0628-x; Alisauskas Ray T., 1992, P30; AR A, 1980, AM ZOOL, V20, P373; ARNOLD TW, 1991, CONDOR, V93, P1032, DOI 10.2307/3247744; ARNOLD TW, 1993, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V57, P578, DOI 10.2307/3809285; Badyaev AV, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P2948, DOI 10.2307/2679973; Badyaev AV, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V111, P365, DOI 10.1007/s004420050247; BANNOR BK, 2010, BIRDS N AM ONLINE; Bellrose F., 1980, DUCKS GEESE SWANS N; BRINKHOF MWG, 1993, J ANIM ECOL, V62, P577, DOI 10.2307/5206; Brisbin I. 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J	Lind, MI; Ingvarsson, PK; Johansson, H; Hall, D; Johansson, F				Lind, Martin I.; Ingvarsson, Par K.; Johansson, Helena; Hall, David; Johansson, Frank			GENE FLOW AND SELECTION ON PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN AN ISLAND SYSTEM OF RANA TEMPORARIA	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Gene flow; genetic drift; life-history evolution; local adaptation; natural selection; phenotypic plasticity	MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; COMMON FROG; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI	Gene flow is often considered to be one of the main factors that constrains local adaptation in a heterogeneous environment. However, gene flow may also lead to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. We investigated the effect of gene flow on local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in development time in island populations of the common frog Rana temporaria which breed in pools that differ in drying regimes. This was done by investigating associations between traits (measured in a common garden experiment) and selective factors (pool drying regimes and gene flow from other populations inhabiting different environments) by regression analyses and by comparing pairwise F(ST) values (obtained from microsatellite analyses) with pairwise Q(ST) values. We found that the degree of phenotypic plasticity was positively correlated with gene flow from other populations inhabiting different environments (among-island environmental heterogeneity), as well as with local environmental heterogeneity within each population. Furthermore, local adaptation, manifested in the correlation between development time and the degree of pool drying on the islands, appears to have been caused by divergent selection pressures. The local adaptation in development time and phenotypic plasticity is quite remarkable, because the populations are young (less than 300 generations) and substantial gene flow is present among islands.	[Lind, Martin I.; Ingvarsson, Par K.; Johansson, Helena; Hall, David; Johansson, Frank] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Ingvarsson, Par K.; Hall, David] Umea Univ, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden	Lind, MI (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.	martin.i.lind@gmail.com	Lind, Martin/A-4189-2011; Ingvarsson, Par/G-2748-2010; Johansson, Helena/H-6042-2012	Lind, Martin/0000-0001-5602-1933; Ingvarsson, Par/0000-0001-9225-7521; 	Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council FORMAS; SJCKMS; Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse	We thank J. Merila and A. Laurila for providing protocols for DNA extraction and C. Olofsson for help and advice in the laboratory. We also thank O. Rowe and three anonymous referees for valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The research was funded by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Research Council FORMAS, SJCKMS and Helge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelse.	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Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	728DI	WOS:000287854000007	20825480	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Moyes, K; Morgan, B; Morris, A; Morris, S; Clutton-Brock, T; Coulson, T				Moyes, Kelly; Morgan, Byron; Morris, Alison; Morris, Sean; Clutton-Brock, Tim; Coulson, Tim			Individual differences in reproductive costs examined using multi-state methods	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						individual quality; mark-recapture; red deer; survival; trade-off	CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; RED DEER; MARKED ANIMALS; SOAY SHEEP; TRADE-OFFS; FUR SEALS; POPULATION; SENESCENCE; KITTIWAKE	P>1. Trade-offs among life-history traits are common because individuals have to partition limited resources between multiple traits. Reproductive costs are generally assumed to be high, resulting in reduced survival and fecundity in the following year. However, it is common to find positive rather than negative correlations between life-history traits. 2. Here, we use a data set from the individual-based study of red deer on the Isle of Rum to examine how these costs vary between individuals and at different ages, using multi-state mark-recapture methodology. 3. Females that had reproduced frequently in the past incurred lower costs of reproduction in terms of survival in the following year and were more likely to reproduce in two consecutive years. Older individuals and those that had not reproduced frequently exhibited higher costs. 4. These results highlight the importance of considering heterogeneity and individual quality when examining trade-offs and demonstrate the effectiveness of using detailed long-term data sets to explore life-history strategies using multi-state mark-recapture models.	[Moyes, Kelly; Morgan, Byron] Univ Kent, Inst Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England; [Moyes, Kelly; Coulson, Tim] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Fac Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England; [Moyes, Kelly; Morris, Alison; Morris, Sean; Clutton-Brock, Tim] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England	Moyes, K (reprint author), Wild Frontier Ecol Ltd, Great Snoring NR21 OHF, Norfolk, England.	kellymoyes@googlemail.com		Coulson, Tim/0000-0001-9371-9003	NERC; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E017053/1]	We thank Scottish Natural Heritage for permission to work on Rum, their staff for local support, Josephine Pemberton, Fiona Guinness, Martyn Baker and the many fieldworkers on the Kilmory deer project. Jean-Michel Gaillard, Martin Ridout, Dan Nussey, Stuart Sharp and Giacomo Tavecchia all provided helpful comments and discussion. The manuscript was also improved by comments from two reviewers. 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Anim. Ecol.	MAR	2011	80	2					456	465		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01789.x				10	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	716PL	WOS:000286985800018	21182522				2019-02-21	
J	Lusk, CH; Sendall, K; Kooyman, R				Lusk, C. H.; Sendall, K.; Kooyman, R.			Latitude, solar elevation angles and gap-regenerating rain forest pioneers	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						carbon gain; determinants of plant community diversity and structure; freeze-thaw embolism; light interception; subtropical rain forest; temperate rain forest; tree-fall gap; tropical rain forest; YPLANT	TREE SPECIES COEXISTENCE; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; LIGHT CAPTURE; NEW-ZEALAND; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; CROWN ARCHITECTURE; UNDERSTORY PLANTS; LEAF RESPIRATION; XYLEM EMBOLISM	1. Tropical rain forests have more species-rich tree assemblages than forests at higher latitudes, but is this because they comprise a wider array of niches or functional types? We address this by considering one tree functional type light-demanding canopy trees with fast foliage turnover and growth that is common in the tropics and subtropics, but virtually absent from mid-latitude rain forests. Although often referred to as 'tall pioneers' or 'large pioneers', they are by no means confined to early-successional stages, also recruiting directly to the canopy in old-growth stands by rapid growth beneath tree-fall gaps. 2. We also explored the influence of latitude on tree-fall gap light environments as a possible constraint on the geographic distribution of this functional type, using the YPLANT program to simulate light interception and potential carbon gain by seedlings of the Australian rain forest pioneer Polyscias murrayi beneath idealized gaps at tropical, subtropical and cool temperate sites (latitudes 17,29 and 42 degrees S, respectively). P. murrayi grows quickly to heights of 20-25 m, has high photosynthetic capacity and respiration rates, and a leaf life span of 6-9 months. 3. Simulated light interception and potential carbon gain were strongly influenced by latitude, and by the interaction of latitude with position within an idealized tree-fall gap of 100 m(2). Potential net daily carbon gain of P. murrayi was strongly positive beneath the gap centre at latitude 17, and beneath the poleward (i.e. southern) gap margin at latitude 29, but negative beneath both the gap centre and margin at latitude 42. Light interception and carbon gain were also influenced by geographic variation in sunshine hours, which were highest at latitude 29 and lowest at latitude 42. A larger gap of 300 m(2) permitted positive net carbon gain at all latitudes, although rates were again predicted to be highest beneath the gap centre in the tropics. 4. Synthesis. YPLANT simulations supported the hypothesis that sun angles could prevent trees with high metabolic rates from invading old-growth mid-latitude rain forests, where light environments suitable for their establishment will be scarce. Geographic variation in forest light environments is therefore likely to influence the range of viable functional types at different latitudes.	[Lusk, C. H.; Sendall, K.; Kooyman, R.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2019, Australia; [Sendall, K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA	Lusk, CH (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2019, Australia.	christopher.lusk@mq.edu.au			ARC	We thank Tanja Lenz for carrying out simulations and data analysis and for preparing Fig. 1, Bob Pearcy for providing YPLANT 3.1 and very generous advice on its workings, Daniel Falster for developing the original canopy file template that we modified for our procedures, Greg Pelletier for kindly making available his VBA functions for calculating solar azimuth, Colin Prentice for helpful comment and the ARC Discovery scheme for funding this research. Comments by two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript.	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J	Moreau, DTR; Fleming, IA; Fletcher, GL; Brown, JA				Moreau, D. T. R.; Fleming, I. A.; Fletcher, G. L.; Brown, J. A.			Growth hormone transgenesis does not influence territorial dominance or growth and survival of first-feeding Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in food-limited stream microcosms	JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY			English	Article						competition; density; environment; genetically modified organism; prior residence	WILD BROWN TROUT; OWNER-INTRUDER CONFLICTS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; PRIOR RESIDENCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; METABOLIC-RATE; SOCIAL-STATUS	This study explored the relative competitive ability and performance of first-feeding growth hormone (GH) transgenic and non-transgenic Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry under low food conditions. Pair-wise dominance trials indicated a strong competitive advantage for residents of a contested foraging territory. Transgenic and non-transgenic individuals, however, were equally likely to be dominant. Similarly, in stream environments with limited food, the transgene did not influence the growth in mass or survival at high or low fry densities. Fry in low-density treatments, however, performed better than fry in high-density treatments. These results indicate that, under the environment examined, the growth performance of GH-transgenic and non-transgenic S. salar may be similar during first feeding, an intense period of selection in their life history. Similarities in competitive ability and growth performance with wild-type fish suggest that the capacity of transgenic S. salar to establish in natural streams may not be inhibited during early life history.	[Moreau, D. T. R.; Fleming, I. A.; Fletcher, G. L.; Brown, J. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada	Moreau, DTR (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.	dmoreau@mun.ca	Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012		USDA	First and foremost, the authors would like to acknowledge our co-author, the late J. Brown, without whom this research would not have materialized. We would also like to thank our reviewers for their valued input into this work. Support was kindly provided by a collaborative grant led by E. Hallerman and funded by the USDA Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research Grants Program.	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MAR	2011	78	3					726	740		10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02888.x				15	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	729BD	WOS:000287920800004	21366569				2019-02-21	
J	Matsuki, T; Matsui, M				Matsuki, Takashi; Matsui, Masafumi			A Skeletochronological Study of Breeding Females in a Population of Japanese Clouded Salamanders (Hynobius nebulosus)	ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE			English	Article						Life history traits; skeletochronology; age structure; age at first reproduction; longevity; Hynobius nebulosus	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; KIMURAE AMPHIBIA; AGE STRUCTURE; BODY-SIZE; URODELA; CAUDATA; GROWTH; NEWTS	The age structure of breeding females of Hynobius nebulosus has not been studied sufficiently. We estimated the ages of 76 individuals from a population in Kyoto by using skeletochronology. The mean age and snout-vent length (SVL) of this population were 4.6 years and 55.7 mm, respectively. It was estimated that the youngest females breed two years post hatching at a mean SVL of 46.5 mm, but a larger number of individuals begins breeding at three years and a mean SVL of 52.2 mm. Because most males also start to breed at three years, there seems to be no gender difference in the timing of sexual maturation. The age of the oldest female was estimated to be 11.8 years. It is possible that the life history of H. nebulosus is characterized by early maturation and arrested growth, and short longevity.	[Matsuki, Takashi; Matsui, Masafumi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Human & Environm Studies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan	Matsui, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Human & Environm Studies, Sakyo Ku, Yoshida Nihonmatsu Cho, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.	fumi@zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp					Bruce RC, 2002, HERPETOLOGICA, V58, P181, DOI 10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0181:SAOVIA]2.0.CO;2; Caetano MH, 1996, COPEIA, P866; Castanet J., 2003, Amphibian Biology, V5, P1598; Dodd C., 1994, MEASURING MONITORING, P125; DOUGLAS ME, 1979, CAN J ZOOL, V57, P2303, DOI 10.1139/z79-299; Ento K, 2002, ZOOL SCI, V19, P241, DOI 10.2108/zsj.19.241; *ENV AG JAP, 2006, RED LIST AMPH; Halliday T, 2006, ECOLOGICAL CENSUS TECHNIQUES: A HANDBOOK, 2ND EDITION, P278, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511790508.008; HORN HS, 1984, BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY E, P279; HOUCK LD, 1982, COPEIA, P474, DOI 10.2307/1444637; HUSTING EL, 1965, COPEIA, P352; KUSANO T, 1982, RES POPUL ECOL, V24, P329, DOI 10.1007/BF02515580; Kusano Tamotsu, 2006, Current Herpetology, V25, P71, DOI 10.3105/1345-5834(2006)25[71:BSAASO]2.0.CO;2; Marunouchi J, 2000, AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, V21, P381, DOI 10.1163/156853800507444; Matsui M, 2004, ZOOL SCI, V21, P661, DOI 10.2108/zsj.21.661; Matsui M, 2006, BIOL J LINN SOC, V89, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00676.x; Matsui M, 2009, ZOOL SCI, V26, P87, DOI 10.2108/zsj.26.87; Matsuki Takashi, 2009, Current Herpetology, V28, P41, DOI 10.3105/018.028.0201; Misawa Y, 1997, ZOOL SCI, V14, P257, DOI 10.2108/zsj.14.257; Misawa Y, 1999, ZOOL SCI, V16, P845, DOI 10.2108/zsj.16.845; Morrison C, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P270, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00696.x; Nishikawa K, 2007, ZOOL SCI, V24, P752, DOI 10.2108/zsj.24.752; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; SAKAMOTO M, 2008, THESIS KUMAMOTO U KU; Sato I., 1943, MONOGRAPH TAILED BAT; SMIRINA EM, 1994, GERONTOLOGY, V40, P133, DOI 10.1159/000213583; TANABE S, 1997, BASIC DATA ENDANGERE, P287; TILLEY SG, 1993, HERPETOLOGICA, V49, P154; Tominaga A, 2008, ZOOL SCI, V25, P107, DOI 10.2108/zsj.25.107; Wells K. D., 2007, ECOLOGY BEHAV AMPHIB	30	1	2	0	5	ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN	TOKYO	HONGO MT BUILDING 4F, HONGO 7-2-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN	0289-0003			ZOOL SCI	Zool. Sci.	MAR	2011	28	3					175	179		10.2108/zsj.28.175				5	Zoology	Zoology	726NW	WOS:000287731000002	21385057				2019-02-21	
J	McNamara, JM; Dall, SRX				McNamara, John M.; Dall, Sasha R. X.			The evolution of unconditional strategies via the 'multiplier effect'	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						dispersal; intergenerational effects; metapopulation; natal philopatry; optimal cue use	BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; SITE FIDELITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DISPERSAL STRATEGIES; VARYING ENVIRONMENTS; DEFINE FITNESS; INFORMATION; CONSEQUENCES; DENSITY; MODELS	P>Ostensibly, it makes sense in a changeable world to condition behaviour and development on information when it is available. Nevertheless, unconditional behavioural and life history strategies are widespread. Here, we show how intergenerational effects can limit the evolutionary value of responding to reliable environmental cues, and thus favour the evolutionary persistence of otherwise paradoxical unconditional strategies. While cue-ignoring genotypes do poorly in the wrong environments, in the right environment they will leave many copies of themselves, which will themselves leave many copies, and so on, leading genotypes to accumulate in habitats in which they do well. We call this 'The Multiplier Effect'. We explore the consequences of the multiplier effect by focussing on the ecologically important phenomenon of natal philopatry. We model the environment as a large number of temporally varying breeding sites connected by natal dispersal between sites. Our aim is to identify which aspects of an environment promote the multiplier effect. We show, if sites remain connected through some background level of 'accidental' dispersal, unconditional natal philopatry can evolve even when there is density dependence (with its accompanying kin competition effects), and cues that are only mildly erroneous. Thus, the multiplier effect may underpin the evolution and maintenance of unconditional strategies such as natal philopatry in many biological systems.	[Dall, Sasha R. X.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biosci, Tremough TR109EZ, Penryn, England; [McNamara, John M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England	Dall, SRX (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biosci, Cornwall Campus, Tremough TR109EZ, Penryn, England.	sashadall@iname.com	Dall, Sasha/B-2642-2010	Dall, Sasha/0000-0001-9873-6507			Bell CD, 2010, CONSERV BIOL, V24, P226, DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01313.x; Bolnick DI, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P1, DOI 10.1086/343878; Bonduriansky R, 2009, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V40, P103, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173441; BOSC P, 1986, OCEANOL ACTA, V9, P489; Boulinier T, 1996, J AVIAN BIOL, V27, P252, DOI 10.2307/3677230; Boulinier T, 1996, ACTA OECOL, V17, P531; Bowler DE, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P205, DOI 10.1017/S1464793104006645; Chesson P, 2000, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V58, P211, DOI 10.1006/tpbi.2000.1486; Craig AS, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P1923, DOI 10.1139/z97-822; Davis JM, 2008, Q REV BIOL, V83, P363, DOI 10.1086/592851; Doligez B, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P973, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.2270; Doligez B, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P1193, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00362.x; Enfjall K, 2009, OIKOS, V118, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16863.x; FORBES LS, 1994, OIKOS, V70, P377, DOI 10.2307/3545775; Gosling SD, 2001, PSYCHOL BULL, V127, P45, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.45; HAMILTON WD, 1977, NATURE, V269, P578, DOI 10.1038/269578a0; HASTINGS A, 1983, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V24, P244, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(83)90027-8; Holt RD, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P159; HOLT RD, 1985, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V28, P181, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(85)90027-9; Holt RD, 1996, EVOL ECOL, V10, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01239342; Hovestadt T, 2010, ECOL MODEL, V221, P405, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.005; Huntingford FA, 1998, J FISH BIOL, V53, P847, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01838.x; JOHNSON ML, 1990, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V21, P449, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.002313; KAWECKI TJ, 1995, EVOL ECOL, V9, P38, DOI 10.1007/BF01237695; Kawecki TJ, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P333, DOI 10.1086/341519; Koenig WD, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P514, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(96)20074-6; Leimar O, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P367, DOI 10.1086/499566; Levins R., 1968, EVOLUTION CHANGING E; MacArthur R., 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY; McElreath R, 2008, CURR ANTHROPOL, V49, P307, DOI 10.1086/524364; McNamara JM, 2011, ECOL LETT, V14, P58, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01556.x; McNamara JM, 2010, OIKOS, V119, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17509.x; MCPEEK MA, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P1010, DOI 10.1086/285453; METZ JAJ, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P198, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90073-K; Metz JAJ, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P499, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1373; Pigliucci M, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P481, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.06.001; Schlossberg S, 2009, CONDOR, V111, P238, DOI 10.1525/cond.2009.080087; SMITH JM, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P384, DOI 10.2307/1934346; Switzer PV, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V40, P307, DOI 10.1007/s002650050346; Switzer PV, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V53, P865, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0352; SWITZER PV, 1993, EVOL ECOL, V7, P533, DOI 10.1007/BF01237820	41	27	27	0	22	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1461-023X	1461-0248		ECOL LETT	Ecol. Lett.	MAR	2011	14	3					237	243		10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01576.x				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	723SZ	WOS:000287528600004	21244592				2019-02-21	
J	Billman, EJ; Tjarks, BJ; Belk, MC				Billman, E. J.; Tjarks, B. J.; Belk, M. C.			Effect of predation and habitat quality on growth and reproduction of a stream fish	ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH			English	Article						nonnative species; habitat degradation; brown trout; Salmo trutta; Lepidomeda aliciae	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CHUB GILA-COPEI; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; LEATHERSIDE CHUB; BROWN TROUT; EGG SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; SPATIAL SCALES	Anthropogenic disturbances are rarely independent, requiring native fishes to respond to multiple factors to persist in changing environments. We examined the interaction of predation environment (presence of introduced brown trout, Salmo trutta) and habitat quality on growth and reproduction of southern leatherside chub, Lepidomeda aliciae, a small-bodied stream fish native to central Utah, USA. Southern leatherside chub were sampled from four streams representing a complete two-factor cross of predation environment and habitat quality. Growth was estimated using increment analysis of annuli on otoliths, and reproductive traits were measured for both sexes. Southern leatherside chub growth was greater in high-quality than in low-quality habitats, and greater in predator than in nonpredator environments. However, fish exhibited a greater growth response to presence of brown trout in low-quality habitats. Southern leatherside chub growth followed predictions of plastic responses to resource availability based on habitat quality and predation environment (lethal vs. nonlethal effects). Reproductive allocation (gonad wet mass) was significantly greater in low-quality versus high-quality habitats, but was unaffected by predation environment. Other female life-history traits were affected either by both effects or their interaction. Reproductive responses to habitat quality and predation environment were consistent with predictions based on differential mortality. Southern leatherside chub growth and reproduction responded differently to the combination of habitat quality and predation environment, thus demonstrating the importance of assessing interacting effects of anthropogenic disturbances to more fully comprehend impacts on native species and to appropriately manage, recover and restore these species and their habitats.	[Billman, E. J.; Tjarks, B. J.; Belk, M. C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA	Billman, EJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, 401 Widtsoe Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA.	mark_belk@byu.edu			Department of Biology at BYU	Funding was provided by the Department of Biology at BYU. Chandler Peterson, Sage Kelley, Sudeep Ghimire, Peter Meyers, and Jonathan Wilcox helped collect and process fish. 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Freshw. Fish	MAR	2011	20	1					102	113		10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00465.x				12	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	720VX	WOS:000287311900012					2019-02-21	
J	Molloy, PP; Paddack, MJ; Reynolds, JD; Gage, MJG; Cote, IM				Molloy, Philip P.; Paddack, Michelle J.; Reynolds, John D.; Gage, Matthew J. G.; Cote, Isabelle M.			Relative size-at-sex-change in parrotfishes across the Caribbean: is there variance in a supposed life-history invariant?	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Hermaphroditism; Invariant life-history analysis; Protandry; Protogyny; Sex allocation theory; Sex change	CHRYSOBLEPHUS-PUNICEUS PISCES; PROTOGYNOUS HERMAPHRODITE; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; SOCIAL-CONTROL; BODY-SIZE; LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION; CORAL-REEFS; GROWTH; FISH; ANIMALS	Invariant life-history theory has been used to identify parallels in life histories across diverse taxa. One important invariant life-history model predicts that, given simple assumptions and conditions, size-at-sex-change relative to maximum attainable body size (relative size-at-sex-change, RSSC) will be invariant across populations and species in sequential hermaphrodites. Even if there are broad species-wide limits to RSSC, populations could fine-tune RSSC to local conditions and, consequently, exhibit subtle but important differences in timing of sex change. Previous analyses of the invariant sex-change model have not explicitly considered the potential for meaningful differences in RSSC within the confines of a broader 'invariance'. Furthermore, these tests differ in their geographical and taxonomic scope, which could account for their conflicting conclusions. We test the model using several populations of three female-first sex-changing Caribbean parrotfish species. We first test for species-wide invariance using traditional log-log regressions and randomisation analyses of population-specific point estimates of RSSC. We then consider error around these point estimates, which is rarely incorporated into invariant analyses, to test for differences among populations in RSSC. Log-log regressions could not unequivocally diagnose invariance in RSSC across populations; randomisation tests identified an invariant RSSC in redband parrotfish only. Analyses that incorporated within-population variability in RSSC revealed differences among populations in timing of sex change, which were independent of geography for all species. While RSSC may be evolutionarily constrained (as in redband parrotfish), within these bounds the timing of sex change may vary among populations. This variability is overlooked by traditional invariant analyses and not predicted by the existing invariant model.	[Molloy, Philip P.] Univ British Columbia, Project Seahorse, Vancouver, BC V6T 1ZA, Canada; [Molloy, Philip P.; Paddack, Michelle J.; Reynolds, John D.; Cote, Isabelle M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Molloy, Philip P.; Paddack, Michelle J.; Gage, Matthew J. G.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; [Paddack, Michelle J.] Santa Barbara City Coll, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA	Molloy, PP (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Project Seahorse, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1ZA, Canada.	philip.p.molloy@gmail.com; mjpaddack@sbcc.edu; reynolds@sfu.ca; m.gage@uea.ac.uk; imcote@sfu.ca	Gage, Matthew/E-5539-2011; Reynolds, John/L-6345-2015	Reynolds, John/0000-0002-0459-0074	John and Pamela Salter Charitable Trust; BBSRC [02/A1/S/08113]; Leverhulme studentship [SAS/30146]; Government of Canada; Conservation International; National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE) through EPA [R828020]; NSERC of Canada; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C004442/1]	Thanks to Fab* and Earth2Ocean labs at Simon Fraser University, Jenn Sunday, Maria Jose Juan Jorda, Arne Mooers, Wendy Palen, Nick Dulvy, Stuart West, Nick Colegrave, Wolf Blanckenhorn, Martin Reichard and two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript, Alex Chubaty for help with R coding, and Marianne Fish for help creating Fig. 2. Particular thanks to Pete Buston for his suggestions regarding the framework of this manuscript, Table 1 and other useful comments. This is a contribution from the Earth2Ocean Group and Project Seahorse. P.P.M. was supported by the John and Pamela Salter Charitable Trust, a BBSRC studentship 02/A1/S/08113, a Leverhulme studentship # SAS/30146, a Government of Canada post-doctoral research fellowship and Conservation International's Marine Management Area Science program. M.J.P. was supported by the National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE) through EPA grant #R828020. I.M.C. and J.D.R. were supported by NSERC of Canada Discovery Grants.	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H., 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	49	2	2	0	35	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0269-7653			EVOL ECOL	Evol. Ecol.	MAR	2011	25	2					429	446		10.1007/s10682-010-9404-3				18	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	724NP	WOS:000287583700014					2019-02-21	
J	Gibbs, M; Wiklund, C; Van Dyck, H				Gibbs, M.; Wiklund, C.; Van Dyck, H.			Phenotypic plasticity in butterfly morphology in response to weather conditions during development	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						adult phenotype; development; environment; flight morphology; Pararge aegeria; plasticity; seasonal variation; weather	IN-FLIGHT MORPHOLOGY; MELITAEA-CINXIA LEPIDOPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; PARARGE-AEGERIA; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REACTION NORMS; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN; CLIMATE	In seasonal environments, phenotypic plasticity in response to gradual changes in environmental variables may result in the production of discrete seasonal morphs. Production of the appropriate seasonal morph at the correct time relies on individuals interpreting environmental cues during their development. The speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria (L.) has previously been shown to have developmental and phenotypic plasticity across seasons and space (habitats). Here, we examine the developmental sensitivity of different seasonal cohorts of female P. aegeria to changes in local weather conditions over time (1989-1999) and determine how such temporal climatic variation affects adult phenotype development. We observed trait- and cohort-specific changes of adult phenotype development in response to local temporal changes in temperature and rainfall levels. We discuss our findings using current life-history theory and consider the potential for changes in local weather conditions to influence population variability in butterfly morphology and performance.	[Gibbs, M.; Van Dyck, H.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Behav Ecol & Conservat Grp, Biodivers Res Ctr, Earth & Life Inst, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium; [Gibbs, M.] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England; [Wiklund, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Van Dyck, H (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Behav Ecol & Conservat Grp, Biodivers Res Ctr, Earth & Life Inst, Croix Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.	hans.vandyck@uclouvain.be	Gibbs, Melanie/E-6771-2012	Gibbs, Melanie/0000-0002-4091-9789	Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) [FSR06]; Natural Environment Research Council [CEH010021]	This research is supported by an FSR research grant of the Universite catholique de Louvain (UCL) to H.V.D. (Grant FSR06). This is publication no BRC 193 of the Biodiversity Research Centre (UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve). Casper J. Breuker provided valuable comments and statistical advice.	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Zool.	MAR	2011	283	3					162	168		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00756.x				7	Zoology	Zoology	723SA	WOS:000287526000002					2019-02-21	
J	Paterson, S; Piertney, SB				Paterson, Steve; Piertney, Stuart B.			Frontiers in host-parasite ecology and evolution	MOLECULAR ECOLOGY			English	Review						genomics; proteomics; host-parasite interactions; life history evolution; microbial biology			[Paterson, Steve] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England; [Piertney, Stuart B.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland	Paterson, S (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England.	s.paterson@liv.ac.uk	Piertney, Stuart/I-3144-2012; Paterson, Steve/D-2154-2009	Paterson, Steve/0000-0002-1307-2981; Piertney, Stuart/0000-0001-6654-0569	Natural Environment Research Council [NBAF010002, NE/D000769/1, NE/D000629/1, NE/H00775X/1]		Abolins SR, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P881, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04910.x; ANDERSON RM, 1978, J ANIM ECOL, V47, P219, DOI 10.2307/3933; Branca A, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P959, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04977.x; Brockhurst MA, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P972, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04835.x; Elton C. S., 1927, ANIMAL ECOLOGY; Giron D, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P990, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04902.x; HALDANE JBS, 1949, RIC SCI, V19, P168; HAMILTON WD, 1980, OIKOS, V35, P282, DOI 10.2307/3544435; Hutchence KJ, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P950, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04974.x; Jackson JA, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04907.x; Knowles SCL, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1062, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04909.x; Megali A, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1039, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04905.x; Njabo KY, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1049, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04904.x; Pearce JM, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04908.x; Pedersen AB, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P872, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04938.x; Pemberton JM, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P910, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04992.x; Poulin R., 2007, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; Scanlan PD, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P981, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04903.x; SCHMIDHEMPEL P, 2010, BIOL LETT, V5, P625; Tollenaere C, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P1026, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04633.x; WALKER EP, 1964, MAMMALS WORLD; Webster LMI, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P920, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04906.x; Wertheim B, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P932, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04911.x; Whiteman NK, 2011, MOL ECOL, V20, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04901.x	24	21	21	1	62	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0962-1083			MOL ECOL	Mol. Ecol.	MAR	2011	20	5					869	871		10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04991.x				3	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	721ZN	WOS:000287397600001	21324008	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Bowden, RM; Paitz, RT; Janzen, FJ				Bowden, R. M.; Paitz, Ryan T.; Janzen, Fredric J.			The Ontogeny of Postmaturation Resource Allocation in Turtles	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							EGG SIZE; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLE; YOLK STEROIDS; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; STERNOTHERUS-ODORATUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEX DETERMINATION; PLASMA STEROIDS; MATERNAL-CARE	Resource-allocation decisions vary with life-history strategy, and growing evidence suggests that long-lived endothermic vertebrates direct resources toward growth and self-maintenance when young, increasing allocation toward reproductive effort over time. Few studies have tracked the ontogeny of resource allocation (energy, steroid hormones, etc.) in long-lived ectothermic vertebrates, limiting our understanding of the generality of life-history strategies among vertebrates. We investigated how reproductively mature female painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) from two distinct age classes allocated resources over a 4-yr period and whether resource-allocation patterns varied with nesting experience. We examined age-related variation in body size, egg mass, reproductive frequency, and yolk steroids and report that younger females were smaller and allocated fewer resources to reproduction than did older females. Testosterone levels were higher in eggs from younger females, whereas eggs from second (seasonal) clutches contained higher concentrations of progesterone and estradiol. These allocation patterns resulted in older, larger females laying larger eggs and producing second clutches more frequently than their younger counterparts. We conclude that resource-allocation patterns do vary with age in a long-lived ectotherm.	[Bowden, R. M.; Paitz, Ryan T.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA; [Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA	Bowden, RM (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA.	rmbowde@ilstu.edu; rpaitz@ilstu.edu; fjanzen@iastate.edu	Paitz, Ryan/A-8308-2008	Paitz, Ryan/0000-0003-4609-4359	National Science Foundation (NSF) [IBN-0212935, DEB-0089680, DEB-0640932]	We thank all of the dedicated turtle campers who helped out over the course of this multiyear study and the Army Corps of Engineers for providing access to the field site. W. Roosenburg and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments, and Steve Juliano provided statistical advice. This research was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants IBN-0212935 and DEB-0089680; NSF grant DEB-0640932 provides funding for ongoing work at the field site.	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E., 2009, Ecology, V90, P1709, DOI 10.1890/08-1676.1; SINERVO B, 1992, SCIENCE, V258, P1927, DOI 10.1126/science.258.5090.1927; Sinn DL, 2008, ANIM BEHAV, V76, P1249, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.06.009; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Staub NL, 1997, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V108, P1, DOI 10.1006/gcen.1997.6962; Stuart-Smith J, 2007, J ZOOL, V273, P266, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00324.x; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; Williams TD, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P173, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2935; WINGFIELD JC, 1975, STEROIDS, V26, P311, DOI 10.1016/0039-128X(75)90077-X	43	9	9	0	13	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	1522-2152	1537-5293		PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL	Physiol. Biochem. Zool.	MAR	2011	84	2					204	211		10.1086/658292				8	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	725MK	WOS:000287648600009	21460531				2019-02-21	
J	Russo, J; Madec, L				Russo, Jacqueline; Madec, Luc			Dual Strategy for Immune Defense in the Land Snail Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BACTERIAL CHALLENGE; OXYGEN METABOLITES; FUNCTIONAL-ASPECTS; HELIX-ASPERSA; TRADE-OFFS; HEMOCYTES; RESISTANCE	Immune defenses have been shown to be heavily involved in the evolution of physiological trade-offs. In this study, we compared the internal defense systems in two subspecies of the land snail Cornu aspersum that exhibit contrasting life-history strategies. The "fast-living" Cornu aspersum subsp. aspersa is widespread throughout the world, especially in ecosystems disturbed by man, whereas natural populations of the giant Cornu aspersum subsp. maxima, characterized by a longer life span, are present only in north Africa. Snails were experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli; the measurements used to assess their internal defense for cell-and humoral-mediated immune responses were bacterial clearance, hemocyte density, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and plasma antibacterial activity. Both subspecies showed a similar ability to clear bacteria from their hemolymph; however, they varied in the robustness of different individual immune components. Cornu aspersum aspersa had higher ROS activity than did C. a. maxima and lower plasma bactericidal activity. These results suggest that ecological factors can sculpt the immune response. One interpretation is that shorter life span selects for immune defenses such as ROS that, although effective, can cause long-term damage. Such different immune patterns obviously entail various costs involved in the strong intraspecific variation of life-history trade-offs we previously observed. We also have to consider that such variation might be related to intraspecific differences in the relative strength of resistance and tolerance mechanisms.	[Russo, Jacqueline; Madec, Luc] Univ Rennes 1, ECOBIO, UMR 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France	Russo, J (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, ECOBIO, UMR 6553, Campus Beaulieu,Batiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes, France.	jacqueline.russo@univ-rennes1.fr					ADEMA CM, 1992, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V59, P24, DOI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90107-F; Barker G. M, 2002, MOLLUSCS CROP PESTS; BAYNE CJ, 1980, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V4, P215, DOI 10.1016/S0145-305X(80)80025-5; Boots M, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P27, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0160; Carballal MJ, 1998, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V72, P304, DOI 10.1006/jipa.1998.4779; CROKAERT F, 1988, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V26, P2069; DIKKEBOOM R, 1988, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V12, P509, DOI 10.1016/0145-305X(88)90068-7; Dowling DK, 2009, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V276, P1737, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2008.1791; Fevrier Y, 2009, J ZOOL, V277, P149, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00523.x; HARM H, 1980, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V36, P64, DOI 10.1016/0022-2011(80)90137-8; Hoffmann JA, 1996, CURR OPIN IMMUNOL, V8, P8, DOI 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80098-7; Horak P, 1997, FOLIA PARASIT, V44, P161; Kurtz J, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P431; Lee KA, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P523, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.012; Lee KA, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P1000, DOI 10.1093/icb/icl049; LEIPPE M, 1985, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V46, P209, DOI 10.1016/0022-2011(85)90153-3; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; Madec L, 1998, INVERTEBR REPROD DEV, V34, P83, DOI 10.1080/07924259.1998.9652356; Madec L, 2000, BIOL J LINN SOC, V69, P25, DOI 10.1006/bijl.1999.0324; Miller MR, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00001.x; Miller MR, 2005, J THEOR BIOL, V236, P198, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.03.005; Mitta G, 1999, J CELL SCI, V112, P4233; Moret Y, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P1166, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5494.1166; Ottaviani E, 2006, ISJ-INVERT SURVIV J, V3, P50; PIPE RK, 1992, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V16, P111, DOI 10.1016/0145-305X(92)90012-2; PIPE RK, 1995, AQUAT TOXICOL, V32, P59, DOI 10.1016/0166-445X(94)00076-3; Roy BA, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00007.x; Schmid-Hempel P, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P357, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2265; Schneider DS, 2008, NAT REV IMMUNOL, V8, P889, DOI 10.1038/nri2432; Schulenburg H, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P3, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0249; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Storey KB, 1996, BRAZ J MED BIOL RES, V29, P1715; VANDERKNAAP WPW, 1993, COMP HAEMATOL INT, V3, P20, DOI 10.1007/BF00394923; Viney ME, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P665, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.003	34	1	1	0	6	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	1522-2152	1537-5293		PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL	Physiol. Biochem. Zool.	MAR	2011	84	2					212	221		10.1086/659123				10	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	725MK	WOS:000287648600010	21460532				2019-02-21	
J	Berzins, LL; Gilchrist, HG; Matson, KD; Burness, G				Berzins, Lisha L.; Gilchrist, H. Grant; Matson, Kevin D.; Burness, Gary			Sex-Specific Effects of Increased Incubation Demand on Innate Immunity in Black Guillemots	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							CLUTCH-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; FUTURE REPRODUCTION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; TREE SWALLOWS; PARUS-MAJOR; GREAT TITS; TRADE-OFFS; COSTS	Life-history theory predicts that there should be negative fitness consequences, in terms of future reproduction and survival, for parents with increased reproductive effort. We examined whether increased incubation demand affected innate immunity and body condition by performing a clutch-size manipulation experiment in black guillemots (Cepphus grylle). We found that plasma from males incubating experimentally enlarged clutches exhibited significantly reduced lysis titers compared with plasma from males incubating control clutches, while this was not observed in females. The increased incubation demand also impacted agglutination titers differently in males and females, although the effect of treatment was not significant in either sex. Among all birds, lysis titers increased and haptoglobin concentrations decreased from mid-to late incubation. Natural antibody-mediated agglutination titers and body condition were highly repeatable within the incubation bout and between years. This suggests that agglutination titers may serve as a reliable and resilient index of the immunological character of individuals in future studies. Overall, this study demonstrates that increased incubation demand impacts indices of innate immunity differently in males and females. The potential for different components of the immune system to be impacted sex-specifically should be considered in future studies linking immune function and life-history trade-offs.	[Burness, Gary] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Berzins, Lisha L.] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Gilchrist, H. Grant] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Matson, Kevin D.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands	Burness, G (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.	garyburness@trentu.ca	Matson, Kevin/G-3855-2010	Matson, Kevin/0000-0002-4373-5926	Canadian Wildlife Service; Science and Technology Branch of Environment Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Project; Nunavut Research Trust; Science Horizons; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Northern Scientific Training Program of Indian; Northern Affairs Canada; Ontario Graduate Scholarship; ArcticNet grant; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [863.08.026]; NSERC; Canadian Foundation for Innovation	This work was supported by both the Canadian Wildlife Service and the Science and Technology Branch of Environment Canada. Further funding was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Project, the Nunavut Research Trust, Science Horizons, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) E-bird Canada project, the Northern Scientific Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, an Ontario Graduate Scholarship to L.L.B., an ArcticNet grant to H.G.G, a Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Veni grant to K.D.M. (863.08.026), and an NSERC Discovery Grant and Canadian Foundation for Innovation New Opportunities grant to G.B. We thank J. Straka, I. Buttler, J. Hiscock, R. Kelly, and the East Bay Island field crew (2006-2007) for assistance in the field. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript, M. A. Versteegh for her helpful discussions regarding the statistical analysis, and Dr. B. I. Tieleman for allowing L.L.B. to visit her lab at the University of Groningen, Netherlands.	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Biochem. Zool.	MAR	2011	84	2					222	229		10.1086/658373				8	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	725MK	WOS:000287648600011	21166545	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Edenbrow, M; Darden, SK; Ramnarine, IW; Evans, JP; James, R; Croft, DP				Edenbrow, M.; Darden, S. K.; Ramnarine, I. W.; Evans, J. P.; James, R.; Croft, D. P.			Environmental effects on social interaction networks and male reproductive behaviour in guppies, Poecilia reticulata	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						guppy; harassment network; Poecilia reticulata; predation risk; reproductive strategy; sexual network; sexual selection; social network; strategy	FEMALE MATE CHOICE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PREDATION RISK; TRINIDADIAN GUPPY; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; MALE COMPETITION; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR; POWER ANALYSIS; FIGHTING FISH	In social species, the structure and patterning of social interactions have implications for the opportunities for sexual interactions. We used social network analysis to explore the effect of habitat structural complexity on the social and sexual behaviour of male Trinidadian guppies. We used replicated semi-natural pools in which we quantified male social network structure and reproductive behaviour under simple and complex habitats. In addition, we compared two populations of guppies that differed in their evolutionary history of predation (one high, one low). The level of habitat complexity did not significantly affect social network structure. However, social networks differed significantly between populations, which we suggest is due to differences in predator experience. Males from the high-predation population had greater overall social network differentiation and fewer male-male associations than their low-risk counterparts. Contrary to our prediction that males would associate more frequently with relatively large (more fecund) females, we observed a negative correlation between female size and the strength of male-female associations. We also found no effect of population or habitat complexity on either harassment or sexual network structures. There was, however, a significant interaction between habitat structure and population on the expression of reproductive strategies, with high-predation males expressing fewer sigmoid displays in the complex habitat and the opposite trend in low-predation males. We suggest this pattern is driven by population differences in male-male competition. We discuss our results in the context of the evolution of social structure and male reproductive strategies. (C) 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Edenbrow, M.; Darden, S. K.; Croft, D. P.] Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Sch Psychol, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England; [Edenbrow, M.] Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales; [Ramnarine, I. W.] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago; [Evans, J. P.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol M092, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; [James, R.] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England	Edenbrow, M (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Washington Singer Labs, Sch Psychol, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Perry Rd, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England.	mathewedenbrow@hotmail.com	Darden, Safi/C-5940-2016; Croft, Darren/B-5503-2009; Evans, Jonathan/A-1992-2011; James, Richard/E-5061-2013; Edenbrow, Mathew/K-3331-2013	Darden, Safi/0000-0002-2567-7902; Croft, Darren/0000-0001-6869-5097; Edenbrow, Mathew/0000-0002-3318-6337	NERC [NE/E001181/1]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E001181/2, NE/E001181/1]	Funding was provided to D. P. C. by the NERC (NE/E001181/1).	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Behav.	MAR	2011	81	3					551	558		10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.11.026				8	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	720SL	WOS:000287300800007					2019-02-21	
J	Lankau, RA; Strauss, SY				Lankau, Richard A.; Strauss, Sharon Y.			Newly rare or newly common: evolutionary feedbacks through changes in population density and relative species abundance, and their management implications	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Review						adaptation; community ecology; conservation biology; natural selection and contemporary evolution; population ecology; species interactions; wildlife management	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ATRIPLEX-TATARICA CHENOPODIACEAE; SOCIALLY POLYMORPHIC SPIDER; DEPENDENT SELECTION; GENERALIST HERBIVORES; NATURAL-SELECTION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPECIALIST HERBIVORE; ANIMAL POPULATIONS	Environmental management typically seeks to increase or maintain the population sizes of desirable species and to decrease population sizes of undesirable pests, pathogens, or invaders. With changes in population size come long-recognized changes in ecological processes that act in a density-dependent fashion. While the ecological effects of density dependence have been well studied, the evolutionary effects of changes in population size, via changes in ecological interactions with community members, are underappreciated. Here, we provide examples of changing selective pressures on, or evolution in, species as a result of changes in either density of conspecifics or changes in the frequency of heterospecific versus conspecific interactions. We also discuss the management implications of such evolutionary responses in species that have experienced rapid increases or decreases in density caused by human actions.	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Appl.	MAR	2011	4	2					338	353		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00173.x				16	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	722RK	WOS:000287451800013	25567977	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Weese, DJ; Schwartz, AK; Bentzen, P; Hendry, AP; Kinnison, MT				Weese, Dylan J.; Schwartz, Amy K.; Bentzen, Paul; Hendry, Andrew P.; Kinnison, Michael T.			Eco-evolutionary effects on population recovery following catastrophic disturbance	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Article						adaptation; contemporary evolution; evolution; experimental evolution; genetics - empirical; natural selection and contemporary; population; population dynamics; population ecology; sexual selection	GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENE FLOW; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; WILD GUPPIES; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION	Fine-scale genetic diversity and contemporary evolution can theoretically influence ecological dynamics in the wild. Such eco-evolutionary effects might be particularly relevant to the persistence of populations facing acute or chronic environmental change. However, experimental data on wild populations is currently lacking to support this notion. One way that ongoing evolution might influence the dynamics of threatened populations is through the role that selection plays in mediating the 'rescue effect', the ability of migrants to contribute to the recovery of populations facing local disturbance and decline. Here, we combine experiments with natural catastrophic events to show that ongoing evolution is a major determinant of migrant contributions to population recovery in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). These eco-evolutionary limits on migrant contributions appear to be mediated by the reinforcing effects of natural and sexual selection against migrants, despite the close geographic proximity of migrant sources. These findings show that ongoing adaptive evolution can be a double-edged sword for population persistence, maintaining local fitness at a cost to demographic risk. Our study further serves as a potent reminder that significant evolutionary and eco-evolutionary dynamics might be at play even where the phenotypic status quo is largely maintained generation to generation.	[Weese, Dylan J.; Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA; [Schwartz, Amy K.] Univ Glasgow, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Sch Life Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada	Weese, DJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA.	weese@msu.edu	Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008	Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667	National Science Foundation; Maine Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station; Natural Science and Technology Research Council of Quebec; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada	Field work was assisted by Sonya Auer, Michael Bailey, Ron Bassar, Craig Blackie, Laura Easty, Cory Gardner, Swanne Gordon, Zaki Jafri, Kevin Lachapelle, Brandon Libby, Nathan Millar, Ian Patterson, David Reznick, and Martin Turcotte. Lynn Anstey assisted with DNA extraction and sequencing. We would like to thank Louis Bernatchez, Robin Waples, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (MTK and APH), the Maine Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MTK), a doctoral fellowship from the Natural Science and Technology Research Council of Quebec (AKS), and Discovery grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (APH, PB).	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Appl.	MAR	2011	4	2					354	366		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00169.x				13	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	722RK	WOS:000287451800014	25567978	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Fogarty, S; Cote, J; Sih, A				Fogarty, Sean; Cote, Julien; Sih, Andrew			Social Personality Polymorphism and the Spread of Invasive Species: A Model	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						behavioral syndromes; invasion; dispersal; sociability; network	DENSITY-DEPENDENT DISPERSAL; SPATIALLY STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; TRANSPORTATION NETWORK; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL PERSONALITIES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; NATAL DISPERSAL; RANGE EXPANSION	Ecological invasions are a major worldwide problem exacting tremendous economic and ecological costs. Efforts to explain variability in invasion speed and impact by searching for combinations of ecological conditions and species traits associated with invasions have met with mixed success. We use a simulation model that integrates insights from life-history theory, animal personalities, network theory, and spatial ecology to derive a new mechanism for explaining variation in animal invasion success. We show that spread occurs most rapidly when (1) a species includes a mix of life-history or personality types that differ in density-dependent performance and dispersal tendencies, (2) the differences between types are of intermediate magnitude, and (3) patch connections are intermediate in number and widely spread. Within-species polymorphism in phenotype (e.g., life-history strategies or personality), a feature not included in previous models, is important for overcoming the fact that different traits are associated with success in different stages of the invasion process. Polymorphism in sociability (a personality type) increases the speed of the invasion front, since asocial individuals colonize empty patches and facilitate the local growth of social types that, in turn, induce faster dispersal by asocials at the invasion edge. The results hold implications for the prediction of invasion impacts and the classification of traits associated with invasiveness.	[Fogarty, Sean; Cote, Julien; Sih, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Fogarty, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	spfogarty@ucdavis.edu	Cote, Julien/B-7809-2011	Cote, Julien/0000-0002-4453-5969	Fyssen Foundation; University of California-Davis Jastro-Shields; National Science Foundation [IOB-0446276]	This research was supported by a Fyssen Foundation fellowship to J.C., a University of California-Davis Jastro-Shields grant to S.F., and funding from National Science Foundation IOB-0446276. We thank R. McElreath and S. Schreiber for helping us clarify the presentation of the model and the Sih lab members and C. Boettiger for comments at all stages of manuscript preparation. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.	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Nat.	MAR	2011	177	3					273	287		10.1086/658174				15	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	730AO	WOS:000287996000001	21460537				2019-02-21	
J	Hendry, AP; Kinnison, MT; Heino, M; Day, T; Smith, TB; Fitt, G; Bergstrom, CT; Oakeshott, J; Jorgensen, PS; Zalucki, MP; Gilchrist, G; Southerton, S; Sih, A; Strauss, S; Denison, RF; Carroll, SP				Hendry, Andrew P.; Kinnison, Michael T.; Heino, Mikko; Day, Troy; Smith, Thomas B.; Fitt, Gary; Bergstrom, Carl T.; Oakeshott, John; Jorgensen, Peter S.; Zalucki, Myron P.; Gilchrist, George; Southerton, Simon; Sih, Andrew; Strauss, Sharon; Denison, Robert F.; Carroll, Scott P.			Evolutionary principles and their practical application	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Review						adaptation; agriculture; climate change; conservation biology; contemporary evolution; evolutionary medicine; fisheries management; forest management	IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENE FLOW; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE	Evolutionary principles are now routinely incorporated into medicine and agriculture. Examples include the design of treatments that slow the evolution of resistance by weeds, pests, and pathogens, and the design of breeding programs that maximize crop yield or quality. Evolutionary principles are also increasingly incorporated into conservation biology, natural resource management, and environmental science. Examples include the protection of small and isolated populations from inbreeding depression, the identification of key traits involved in adaptation to climate change, the design of harvesting regimes that minimize unwanted life-history evolution, and the setting of conservation priorities based on populations, species, or communities that harbor the greatest evolutionary diversity and potential. The adoption of evolutionary principles has proceeded somewhat independently in these different fields, even though the underlying fundamental concepts are the same. We explore these fundamental concepts under four main themes: variation, selection, connectivity, and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Within each theme, we present several key evolutionary principles and illustrate their use in addressing applied problems. We hope that the resulting primer of evolutionary concepts and their practical utility helps to advance a unified multidisciplinary field of applied evolutionary biology.	[Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; [Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; [Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA; [Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway; [Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Day, Troy] Queens Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Day, Troy] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Fitt, Gary] CSIRO Entomol & Cotton Catchment Communities CRC, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia; [Bergstrom, Carl T.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Oakeshott, John] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia; [Jorgensen, Peter S.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Zalucki, Myron P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; [Gilchrist, George] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA; [Southerton, Simon] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT, Australia; [Sih, Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Strauss, Sharon] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Denison, Robert F.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Carroll, Scott P.] Inst Contemporary Evolut, Davis, CA USA; [Carroll, Scott P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway	Hendry, AP (reprint author), McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.	andrew.hendry@mcgill.ca	Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Zalucki, Myron/G-7983-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017; Fitt, Gary/C-5457-2008; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; Oakeshott, John/B-5365-2009; Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008; Jorgensen, Peter/B-8530-2008; Strauss, Sharon/J-1827-2012	Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Zalucki, Myron/0000-0001-9603-7577; Oakeshott, John/0000-0001-8324-7874; Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667; Bergstrom, Carl/0000-0002-2070-385X; Day, Troy/0000-0002-1052-6140; Strauss, Sharon/0000-0002-6117-4085; Jorgensen, Peter Sogaard/0000-0002-2621-378X			Aitken SN, 2008, EVOL APPL, V1, P95, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00013.x; Alphey N, 2007, J ECON ENTOMOL, V100, P1642, DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1642:MIRBMR]2.0.CO;2; Andow DA, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P196, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00846.x; Araki H, 2008, EVOL APPL, V1, P342, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00026.x; Ashley MV, 2003, BIOL CONSERV, V111, P115, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00279-3; Bailey JK, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1607, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0336; Balter M, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P234, DOI 10.1126/science.309.5732.234; Barbaro G, 2005, CURR PHARM DESIGN, V11, P1805, DOI 10.2174/1381612053764869; Barrett RDH, 2008, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V23, P38, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.008; BARRETT SCH, 1983, ECON BOT, V37, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF02858881; Baskett ML, 2007, AM NAT, V170, P59, DOI 10.1086/518184; Bassar RD, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P3616, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0908023107; Beall CM, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P18, DOI 10.1093/icb/icj004; Beckie HJ, 2003, ECOL APPL, V13, P1276, DOI 10.1890/02-5231; Beckie HJ, 2009, WEED TECHNOL, V23, P363, DOI 10.1614/WT-09-008.1; Bell G, 2008, SELECTION: THE MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION, 2ND EDITION, P1; Bell G, 2003, MICROBIOL-SGM, V149, P1367, DOI 10.1099/mic.0.26265-0; Bell G, 2009, ECOL LETT, V12, P942, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01350.x; Benedict MQ, 2003, TRENDS PARASITOL, V19, P349, DOI 10.1016/S1471-4922(03)00144-2; Benton TG, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P769; Bergstrom C. 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Appl.	MAR	2011	4	2					159	183		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00165.x				25	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	722RK	WOS:000287451800002	25567966	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Kim, SY; Noguera, JC; Morales, J; Velando, A				Kim, Sin-Yeon; Noguera, Jose C.; Morales, Judith; Velando, Alberto			Quantitative genetic evidence for trade-off between growth and resistance to oxidative stress in a wild bird	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Antagonistic pleiotropy; Heritability; Life-history evolution; Reactive oxygen species; Somatic growth; Trade-off	EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; LIFE-SPAN; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; METABOLIC-RATE; SOMATIC GROWTH; BODY-SIZE; DAMAGE; CONSEQUENCES; CHICKS; GULLS	Why do animals not grow at their maximal rates? It has been recently proposed that fast growth leads to the accumulation of cellular damages due to oxidative stress, influencing subsequent performances and life span. Therefore, the trade-off between fast growth and oxidative stress may potentially function as an important constraint in the evolution of growth trajectories. We test this by examining a potential antagonistic pleiotropy between growth and blood resistance to controlled free radical attack in a wild bird using a cross-fostering design and robust quantitative genetic analyses. In the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis, decreased resistance to oxidative stress at age 8 days was associated with faster growth in mass, across the first 8 days of life, suggesting a trade-off between mass growth and oxidative-stress-related somatic maintenance. We found a negative genetic correlation between chick growth and resistance to oxidative stress, supporting the presence of the genetic trade-off between the two traits. Therefore, investment of somatic resources in growth could be constrained by resistance to oxidative stress in phenotypic and genetic levels. Our results provide first evidence for a potential genetic trade-off between life-history and underlying physiological traits in a wild vertebrate. Future studies should explore genetic trade-offs between life-history traits and other oxidative-stress-related traits.	[Kim, Sin-Yeon; Noguera, Jose C.; Morales, Judith; Velando, Alberto] Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310, Spain	Kim, SY (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain.	yeonkim@uvigo.es	morales, judith/G-3315-2013; Velando, Alberto/B-1701-2009; Kim, Sin-Yeon/K-2770-2014	morales, judith/0000-0002-3134-8937; Velando, Alberto/0000-0001-8909-0724; Kim, Sin-Yeon/0000-0002-5170-8477	Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [CGL2009-10883-C02-01]; Xunta de Galicia; FPI [MICINN]; Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (MICINN)	We are grateful to C. Alonso-Alvarez for very helpful comments on the earlier manuscript. We thank C. Perez for invaluable help during the fieldwork, Ester Ferrero for molecular sexing, M. Lores for advice in preparing for the saline buffer, and J. Dominguez and L. Sampedro for logistic helps. Fieldwork in Salvora Island depended on the generous support and friendship of P. Fernandez Bouzas, M. Caneda, M. Costas, P. Rivadulla, J. Torrado, P. Valverde and P. Vazquez of the Parque Nacional, and los fareros, P. Pertejo and J. Vilches. Finance was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (CGL2009-10883-C02-01). S.-Y. K. is supported by the Isidro Parga Pondal fellowship (Xunta de Galicia), J. C. N. by an FPI grant (MICINN) and J. M. by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (MICINN). The study was done under permissions by the Parque Nacional das Illas Atlanticas and Xunta de Galicia, and all the field procedures we performed complied with the current laws of Spain.	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F., 2007, NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS; Tatara MR, 2008, EXP PHYSIOL, V93, P763, DOI 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.041145; Tohyama D, 2008, FASEB J, V22, P4327, DOI 10.1096/fj.08-112953; Vezina F, 2009, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V82, P248, DOI 10.1086/597548; VLECK CM, 1980, AM ZOOL, V20, P405; von Zglinicki T, 2002, TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI, V27, P339, DOI 10.1016/S0968-0004(02)02110-2; Wei YH, 1998, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V854, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09899.x	74	32	32	2	36	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0269-7653	1573-8477		EVOL ECOL	Evol. Ecol.	MAR	2011	25	2					461	472		10.1007/s10682-010-9426-x				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	724NP	WOS:000287583700016					2019-02-21	
J	Junge, C; Vollestad, LA; Barson, NJ; Haugen, TO; Otero, J; Saetre, GP; Leder, EH; Primmer, CR				Junge, C.; Vollestad, L. A.; Barson, N. J.; Haugen, T. O.; Otero, J.; Saetre, G-P; Leder, E. H.; Primmer, C. R.			Strong gene flow and lack of stable population structure in the face of rapid adaptation to local temperature in a spring-spawning salmonid, the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)	HEREDITY			English	Article						bottleneck; genetic drift; adaptive divergence; isolation by distance; colonization; non-equilibrium	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; COMMON ANCESTORS; F-STATISTICS; EGG SIZE; DISTANCE; PATTERNS	Gene flow has the potential to both constrain and facilitate adaptation to local environmental conditions. The early stages of population divergence can be unstable because of fluctuating levels of gene flow. Investigating temporal variation in gene flow during the initial stages of population divergence can therefore provide insights to the role of gene flow in adaptive evolution. Since the recent colonization of Lake Lesjaskogsvatnet in Norway by European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), local populations have been established in over 20 tributaries. Multiple founder events appear to have resulted in reduced neutral variation. Nevertheless, there is evidence for local adaptation in early life-history traits to different temperature regimes. In this study, microsatellite data from almost a decade of sampling were assessed to infer population structuring and its temporal stability. Several alternative analyses indicated that spatial variation explained 2-3 times more of the divergence in the system than temporal variation. Over all samples and years, there was a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance. However, decomposed pairwise regression analysis revealed differing patterns of genetic structure among local populations and indicated that migration outweighs genetic drift in the majority of populations. In addition, isolation by distance was observable in only three of the six years, and signals of population bottlenecks were observed in the majority of samples. Combined, the results suggest that habitat-specific adaptation in this system has preceded the development of consistent population substructuring in the face of high levels of gene flow from divergent environments. Heredity (2011) 106, 460-471; doi:10.1038/hdy.2010.160; published online 12 January 2011	[Junge, C.; Vollestad, L. A.; Barson, N. J.; Haugen, T. O.; Otero, J.; Saetre, G-P] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; [Junge, C.; Leder, E. H.; Primmer, C. R.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland; [Haugen, T. O.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway; [Haugen, T. O.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Appl Ecol & Agr Sci, Evenstad, Norway	Junge, C (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.	claudia.junge@bio.uio.no	Junge, Claudia/H-3534-2013; Primmer, Craig/B-8179-2008; Leder, Erica/A-6446-2013; Otero, Jaime/C-4848-2015; Barson, Nicola/M-4090-2015	Primmer, Craig/0000-0002-3687-8435; Leder, Erica/0000-0002-7160-2290; Otero, Jaime/0000-0001-8020-0157; Barson, Nicola/0000-0002-6257-315X; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn/0000-0002-9389-7982	Marie Curie PhD fellowship; Norwegian Research Council; Finnish Academy; Marie Curie EST	We thank Melanie Stiffel, Nanna Winger Steen and Emelita Rivera Nerli for excellent technical assistance; Kyrre L Kausrud for help with R and helpful discussions; Kim Magnus Baerum, Kai-Rune Batstad, Cristian Correa, Finn Gregersen, Carolyn Knight, Eirik Krogstad and Gaute Thomassen for assistance during the field season; and Hans Skotte for his help with Lesjaskogsvatnet grayling. CJ received support for a Marie Curie PhD fellowship awarded to the CEES. This study was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council, the Finnish Academy and the Marie Curie EST program under the 6th framework.	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J	Li, SL; Yu, FH; Werger, MJA; Dong, M; Zuidema, PA				Li, Shou-Li; Yu, Fei-Hai; Werger, Marinus J. A.; Dong, Ming; Zuidema, Pieter A.			Habitat-specific demography across dune fixation stages in a semi-arid sandland: understanding the expansion, stabilization and decline of a dominant shrub	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						Artemisia ordosica; dune fixation; elasticity; integral projection model; life table response experiment; plant population and community dynamics; shrub demography	INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MATRIX ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; GERMINATION STRATEGIES; ARTEMISIA-ORDOSICA; NORTHERN CHINA; FOREST HERB; GROWTH; VEGETATION	1. Maintaining viable populations in different habitats requires physiological, morphological and demographic adaptations of plants. In sandland environments, plants experience substantial variation in growing conditions during the dune fixation process, with high sand mobility in early stages and denser vegetation cover in later stages. 2. We studied the changes in demography of a dominant shrub, Artemisia ordosica, at three stages of dune fixation: semi-fixed dunes, fixed dunes and fixed dunes covered with microbiotic crust. Demographic data from three annual censuses were used to parameterize integral projection models (IPMs) to conduct comparative demographic analyses. 3. Plant growth and reproduction decreased strongly as dunes became more fixed. Shrinkage in plant height occurred very frequently, particularly in the fixed dunes with microbiotic crust. Population growth rate (lambda) declined substantially with dune fixation: from rapid expansion in semi-fixed dunes (lambda = 1.35-1.09) to moderate decline in fixed dunes with microbiotic crust (lambda = 0.94-0.89). 4. Elasticity analysis revealed that survival was a key vital rate for population growth in all habitats. Growth and fecundity were of higher importance in the semi-fixed habitat than in the other two habitats where shrinkage became an important factor determining lambda. Seedlings and small plants were critical for population growth in semi-fixed dunes, whereas moderate to large-sized plants were most important in the other habitats. 5. Results of life table response experiments showed that the observed strong decrease in lambda during dune fixation was mainly caused by reduction in fecundity, but with additional and considerable contributions from reduced plant growth and increased occurrence of shrinkage. Thus, populations in semi-fixed dunes are able to expand rapidly due to a much higher fecundity compared to those in other habitats. 6. Synthesis. Artemisia ordosica adopts different life history strategies along the dune fixation process. Fast expansion in semi-fixed dunes is enabled by high seed production and effective recruitment, while populations at later dune fixation stages are maintained through frequent plant shrinkage. Integral projection models are highly appropriate tools for analysing such life history changes as they are based on statistical comparisons of vital rates across habitats.	[Yu, Fei-Hai] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Nat Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China; [Li, Shou-Li; Dong, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China; [Li, Shou-Li; Werger, Marinus J. A.; Zuidema, Pieter A.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol, Ecol & Biodivers Grp, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands; [Li, Shou-Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China	Yu, FH (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Nat Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.	feihaiyu@bjfu.edu.cn; dongming@ibcas.ac.cn	Yu, Fei-Hai/O-9395-2016; Zuidema, Pieter/C-8951-2009; Li, Shou-Li/P-5687-2018; Li, Shouli/B-7077-2016	Yu, Fei-Hai/0000-0001-5007-1745; Zuidema, Pieter/0000-0001-8100-1168; Li, Shou-Li/0000-0001-8536-8194; Li, Shouli/0000-0003-4760-965X	CAS [kzcx2-yw-431-4]; NSFC [31070371, 30770357, 30521005]; CAS-KNAW; State Key Lab of Vegetation and Environmental Change; ERC [242955]	We thank Dr. Feike Schieving and Dr. Heinjo During for help with statistical analysis, Mr. Chang-Yuan Li for assistance with field work and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an early version of the manuscript. This research was supported by a CAS-grant (kzcx2-yw-431-4), NSFC (31070371,30770357,30521005), a CAS-KNAW joint PhD Training Program, and the VEWALNE-project of State Key Lab of Vegetation and Environmental Change. P.A.Z. was supported by an ERC grant (242955).	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J	Riesch, R; Plath, M; Schlupp, I				Riesch, R.; Plath, M.; Schlupp, I.			Toxic hydrogen sulphide and dark caves: pronounced male life-history divergence among locally adapted Poecilia mexicana (Poeciliidae)	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						cave fish; divergent natural selection; ecological speciation; extremophile teleosts; life-history evolution; livebearing	MALE MATING-BEHAVIOR; IMMIGRANTS MAINTAINS DIFFERENTIATION; ANTARCTIC ICEFISHES CHANNICHTHYIDAE; SEX-BIASED PREDATION; SPERM COMPETITION; FISH POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; XIPHOPHORUS-MACULATUS; EASTERN MOSQUITOFISH; SELECTIVE PREDATION	Chronic environmental stress is known to induce evolutionary change. Here, we assessed male life-history trait divergence in the neotropical fish Poecilia mexicana from a system that has been described to undergo incipient ecological speciation in adjacent, but reproductively isolated toxic/nontoxic and surface/cave habitats. Examining both field-caught and common garden-reared specimens, we investigated the extent of differentiation and plasticity of life-history strategies employed by male P. mexicana. We found strong site-specific life-history divergence in traits such as fat content, standard length and gonadosomatic index. The majority of site-specific life-history differences were also expressed under common garden-rearing conditions. We propose that apparent conservatism of male life histories is the result of other (genetically based) changes in physiology and behaviour between populations. Together with the results from previous studies, this is strong evidence for local adaptation as a result of ecologically based divergent selection.	[Riesch, R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, David Clark Labs 127, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Riesch, R.; Schlupp, I.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA; [Plath, M.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Frankfurt, Germany	Riesch, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, David Clark Labs 127, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.	ruedigerriesch@web.de	Riesch, Rudiger/A-5787-2008; Schlupp, Ingo/C-3913-2012	Riesch, Rudiger/0000-0002-0223-1254; Schlupp, Ingo/0000-0002-2460-5667	NSF [DEB-0813783, DEB-0743406]	We thank F. J. Garcia de Leon as well as C. and M. Tobler for their help in the field. R. R. also thanks D. Reznick for his instruction on life-history sampling techniques. The Mexican Government and the Municipal of Tacotalpa kindly provided permits for the work in Mexico. Financial support came from NSF (DEB-0813783 and DEB-0743406).	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J	Jensen, K; Mayntz, D; Toft, S; Raubenheimer, D; Simpson, SJ				Jensen, Kim; Mayntz, David; Toft, Soren; Raubenheimer, David; Simpson, Stephen J.			Prey nutrient composition has different effects on Pardosa wolf spiders with dissimilar life histories	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Nutrient balance; Predator; Performance; Phenology; Lycosidae	INTRAGUILD PREDATION; EGG-PRODUCTION; BODY SIZE; GROWTH; NUTRITION; NITROGEN; INSECTS; QUALITY	The nutritional composition of prey is known to influence predator life histories, but how the life history strategies of predators affect their susceptibility to nutrient imbalance is less investigated. We used two wolf spider species with different life histories as model predators: Pardosa amentata, which have a fixed annual life cycle, and Pardosa prativaga, which reproduce later and can extend development across 2 years. We fed juvenile spiders of the two species ad libitum diets of one of six Drosophila melanogaster fly types varying in lipid:protein composition during three instars, from the start of the second instar until the fifth instar moult. We then tested for interactions between predator species and prey nutrient composition on several life history parameters. P. amentata completed the three instars faster and grew larger carapaces and heavier body masses than P. prativaga, but the two species responded differently to variation in prey lipid:protein ratio. Duration of the instars increased when feeding on protein-poor prey in P. amentata, but was unaffected by diet in P. prativaga. Likewise, the effect of diet on body composition was more pronounced in P. amentata than in P. prativaga. Prey nutrient composition thus affected the two species differently. During macronutrient imbalance P. amentata appear to prioritize high growth rates while experiencing highly variable body compositions, whereas P. prativaga maintain more constant body compositions and have slower growth. These can be seen as different consequences of a fixed annual and a plastic annual-biennial life cycle.	[Jensen, Kim] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Jensen, Kim; Simpson, Stephen J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Mayntz, David; Toft, Soren] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci Ecol & Genet, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Mayntz, David] Univ Aarhus, Res Ctr Foulum, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; [Raubenheimer, David] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Sci, N Shore Mail Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand	Jensen, K (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.	kim.jensen@biology.au.dk		Jensen, Kim/0000-0003-0261-3831; Simpson, Stephen J./0000-0003-0256-7687; Raubenheimer, David/0000-0001-9050-1447	UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Danish Research Council; National Research Centre for Growth and Development, New Zealand; Australian Research Council	This study was supported by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. DM was in receipt of a grant from the Danish Research Council. DR is part-funded by the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, New Zealand. SJS was in receipt of a Federation Fellowship and currently a Laureate Fellowship from the Australian Research Council. We thank Jerome Casas and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.	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J	Gyuris, E; Fero, O; Tartally, A; Barta, Z				Gyuris, Eniko; Fero, Orsolya; Tartally, Andras; Barta, Zoltan			Individual behaviour in firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus)	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						animal personality; firebug; wing dimorphism; male-female differences; life history	MORPH-RELATED DIFFERENCES; FLIGHTLESS BUG; WING DIMORPHISM; ANIMAL PERSONALITIES; L. HETEROPTERA; EVOLUTION; DISPERSAL; INSECTS; ECOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM	The concept of animal personalities has recently become of major interest as researchers began to wonder why animals within a given population show consistent behaviour across situations and contexts, what led to the evolution of such behavioural inflexibility and what mechanisms might underlie the phenomenon. A recent model explains individual differences in a population as the result of trade-off between present and future reproduction. We tested this model on the two wing morphs, i.e. short-winged (brachypterous) and long-winged (macropterous) specimens of the firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus). Since it has been already demonstrated that the two wing morphs differ in their life-history strategies, this species is an ideal subject to test whether the specimens with different life-history strategies have different personalities as well. The results show that individuals behave consistently over time and across contexts, meaning observed bugs do have personalities. We also have found that in females, the two wing morphs have different personalities supporting the theoretical predictions, i.e. winged ones, which are supposed to have lower future reproductive value, are braver and more exploratory. We found no difference between the morphs in males. Differences in reproductive investment might explain this discrepancy between the sexes.	[Gyuris, Eniko; Fero, Orsolya; Tartally, Andras; Barta, Zoltan] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, Behav Ecol Res Grp, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary; [Fero, Orsolya] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Computat Grp, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary; [Tartally, Andras] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Social Evolut, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark	Gyuris, E (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, Behav Ecol Res Grp, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.	eniko.gyuris@vocs.unideb.hu		Barta, Zoltan/0000-0002-7121-9865	European Community; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) [K75696]; TAMOP [4.2.1./B-09/1/KONV-2010-0007]; European Social Fund; European Regional Development Fund	We are indebted to K. Bertok, V. Bokony, L. Garamszegi, J. Tokolyi and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. We would like to thank Miklos Ban for providing a lot of technical help. A.T. was supported in part by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. Our work was partially supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA, no. K75696) and by the TAMOP 4.2.1./B-09/1/KONV-2010-0007 project. The project is implemented through the New Hungary Development Plan, co-financed by the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund.	Bell W. J., 1991, SEARCHING BEHAV BEHA; BOVET P, 1988, J THEOR BIOL, V131, P419, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(88)80038-9; Briffa M, 2008, P R SOC B, V275, P1305, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0025; CANTY A, 2008, BOOT BOOTSTRAP R S P; CLARK AB, 1987, PERSPECTIVES ETHOLOG, P1; CLOBERT J, 2001, DISPERSAL, pR17; Coleman K, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P927, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0852; Cote J, 2010, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V277, P1571, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.2128; Dall SRX, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P734, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00618.x; Davison A. 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J	de Villemereuil, PB; Lopez-Sepulcre, A				de Villemereuil, Pierre B.; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres			Consumer functional responses under intra- and inter-specific interference competition	ECOLOGICAL MODELLING			English	Article						Functional response; Response surface experiment; Inter-specific competition; Interference; Trinidadian guppy	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; GENETIC-BASIS; PREY; PREDATORS; SCRAMBLE	Mechanistic models of population, community and ecosystem dynamics require the mathematical description of trophic interactions in the form of functional response equations. There is a wealth of such equations developed to incorporate the effects of multitude forms of foraging behaviour including intra-specific interference competition. However, there has been no attempt to include inter-specific behaviours beyond the obvious consumer-resource relationship, and thus, mechanistic models of communities and ecosystems remain limited in their incorporation of individual behaviour. In this paper we extend existing functional response models to account for both intra- and inter-specific interference behaviours. Together with response surface experiments, these can be used to investigate the role of both types of interference for a given species' resource acquisition efficiency. We illustrate this with data from foraging trials of guppies Poecilia reticulata in the presence and absence of a competitor species. Hart's killifish Rivulus hartii. Our results show that in the studied example, intra-specific interference is important and stronger than inter-specific competition. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[de Villemereuil, Pierre B.; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 7625, Lab Ecol Evolut, F-75005 Paris, France; [Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	Lopez-Sepulcre, A (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 7625, Lab Ecol Evolut, 46 Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.	alopez@biologie.ens.edu	Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres/G-2404-2010	Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres/0000-0001-9708-0788	USA National Science Foundation [EF0623632]; Department of Biology of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France)	We would like to thank Regis Ferriere and David Reznick for helpful discussions; Swanne P. Gordon and Samantha Natividad for lab-training; Kevin Meierbachtol and Justa Heinen for help in the field; Ronnie Hernandez and Ron Bassar for logistic help and Jonathan Jeschke for comments on the manuscript. Research took place at William Beebe Tropical Research Station (Simla). 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Model.	FEB 10	2011	222	3					419	426		10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.011				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	714BP	WOS:000286782200004					2019-02-21	
J	Plath, M; Riesch, R; Culumber, Z; Streit, B; Tobler, M				Plath, Martin; Riesch, Ruediger; Culumber, Zach; Streit, Bruno; Tobler, Michael			Giant water bug (Belostoma sp.) predation on a cave fish (Poecilia mexicana): effects of female body size and gestational state	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						aquatic surface respiration; cave fish; life-history evolution; Poeciliidae; size-selective predation	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TOXIC HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; EXTREMOPHILE FISH; TRINIDADIAN GUPPY; EXTREME HABITATS; SULFUR CAVE; NEST SITES	Background: Predation is an important driver of life-history trait evolution. Fish predators may prey selectively on certain prey size classes, or pregnant females, particularly those of livebearing prey species. This selectivity ought to affect the evolutionary trajectory of the prey population. In sulphidic and hypoxic habitats, Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana) have to spend considerable time engaging in aquatic surface respiration, exposing themselves to predation by giant water bugs (Belostoma sp.). Compared with other females, pregnant P mexicana experience greater oxygen demands leading to more aquatic surface respiration. Questions: Are pregnant P mexicana females more likely to be captured by Belostoma as a result of more aquatic surface respiration and decreased flight abilities (i.e. slower fast-start responses)? Organisms and location: (1) Atlantic mollies (P mexicana: Poeciliidae, Teleostei) inhabiting a sulphidic cave (Cueva del Azufre) in Tabasco, Mexico. (2) A co-existing sit-and-wait predator, the giant water bug Belostoma sp. (Belostomatidae, Hemiptera), which catches surfacing fish at the water's edge. Methods: Predation experiments inside the Cueva del Azufre. In Experiment 1, one randomly selected cave molly female was placed into a perforated bottle with one individual water bug. In Experiment 2, two size-matched females (one pregnant and one non-pregnant) were placed into a perforated bottle with one individual water bug. Results: Capture rates after 24 h in Experiment I were correlated mainly with female body size. But larger females were also more likely to be pregnant, making it difficult to disentangle the effects of size and pregnancy. Experiment 2 isolated the effect of pregnancy, and water bugs clearly preferred pregnant over non-pregnant prey.	[Plath, Martin; Streit, Bruno] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Ecol & Evolut, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany; [Riesch, Ruediger] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Riesch, Ruediger] N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Culumber, Zach] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Tobler, Michael] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA	Plath, M (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Siesmayerstr 70A, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany.	mplath@bio.uni-frankfurt.de	TOBLER, Michael/A-9141-2008; Riesch, Rudiger/A-5787-2008	Riesch, Rudiger/0000-0002-0223-1254	DFG [PL 470/1-2]; Herrmann-Willkomm Foundation; Initiative Nachwuchswissenschafter im Fokus of the University of Frankfurt; National Geographic Society	We would like to thank the following persons for help with fieldwork: A. Oranth, J. Dzienko, N. Karau, A. Schiessl, S. Stadler, A. Wigh, C. Zimmer, and L. Arias-Rodriguez. M. Ziege kindly provided the drawings in Figures I and 2. M. Kinnison and M. Rosenzweig provided very constructive and helpful comments on a previous draft of the manuscript. Financial support came from the DFG (PL 470/1-2), the Herrmann-Willkomm Foundation, and the Initiative Nachwuchswissenschafter im Fokus of the University of Frankfurt (to M.P.), as well as from the National Geographic Society (to M.T.).	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Ecol. Res.	FEB	2011	13	2					133	144						12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	799SC	WOS:000293305400002					2019-02-21	
J	Styrsky, JN; Brawn, JD				Styrsky, Jennifer Nesbitt; Brawn, Jeffrey D.			ANNUAL FECUNDITY OF A NEOTROPICAL BIRD DURING YEARS OF HIGH AND LOW RAINFALL	CONDOR			English	Article						Annual fecundity; breeding season; ENSO; Hylophylax naevioides; neotropics; rainfall; Spotted Antbird	NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CENTRAL PANAMA; CLUTCH SIZE; NEST PREDATION; TROPICAL BIRDS; FOREST BIRDS; FOOD; REPRODUCTION; SEASONALITY	We investigated how variation in the timing and amount of annual precipitation influenced annual variation in the fecundity of the Spotted Antbird (Hylophylax naevioides) in central Panama from 1998 to 2001. The onset of nesting varied significantly by year and corresponded with a notably strong episode of El Nino-Southern Oscillation that generated variation by year in dry-season precipitation and the onset of wet-season rains. The end of nesting, however, was not influenced by annual variation in rainfall. Fecundity was also similar each year despite pronounced variation in wet-season precipitation. Although breeding pairs attempted an average of almost five nests per year, slightly less than one nest attempt per pair was successful. Annual fecundity was 1.5 fledglings per pair, exceeding the turnover of territorial adults in this population. Extended parental investment in care of fledglings delayed renesting and consequently limited subsequent opportunities to breed within the season. Predation and duration of parental care likely influence annual fecundity more than variation in environmental conditions.	[Styrsky, Jennifer Nesbitt] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Brawn, Jeffrey D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Brawn, Jeffrey D.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA	Styrsky, JN (reprint author), Lynchburg Coll, Dept Biol, Lynchburg, VA 24501 USA.	styrsky.jennifer@lynchburg.edu			National Science Foundation [DEB-0073152]; American Museum of Natural History; Philanthropic Educational Organization; University of Illinois	Many field assistants helped find and monitor Spotted Antbird nests during the years of this study. We are especially grateful to D. Buehler, J. Buler, N. Davros, E.C. Edwards, J. Ortega, R. Peak, and E. Rockwell. Rainfall data were provided courtesy of the Meteorology and Hydrology Branch, Panama Canal Authority, Republic of Panama. The Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente granted us permission to work in the Republic of Panama, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute provided logistical support for this project. C. Augspurger, K. Paige, S. Robinson, and J. D. Styrsky provided thoughtful comments and discussion that helped improve the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0073152 and Graduate Fellowship) and grants from the American Museum of Natural History, Philanthropic Educational Organization, and the University of Illinois.	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J	Maniatsi, S; Baxevanis, AD; Kappas, I; Deligiannidis, P; Triantafyllidis, A; Papakostas, S; Bougiouklis, D; Abatzopoulos, TJ				Maniatsi, Stefania; Baxevanis, Athanasios D.; Kappas, Ilias; Deligiannidis, Panagiotis; Triantafyllidis, Alexander; Papakostas, Spiros; Bougiouklis, Dimitrios; Abatzopoulos, Theodore J.			Is polyploidy a persevering accident or an adaptive evolutionary pattern? The case of the brine shrimp Artemia	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Asexuality; Flow cytometry; Geographic parthenogenesis; Life-history strategy; Microsatellites	FRESH-WATER CRUSTACEAN; TIMEMA WALKING-STICKS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DAPHNIA-PULEX; GEOGRAPHICAL PARTHENOGENESIS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; BRANCHIOPODA ANOSTRACA; POLYPHYLETIC ORIGINS; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; TIBETIANA CRUSTACEA	Asexual organisms are confronted with substantial drawbacks, both immediate and delayed, threatening their evolutionary persistence. Yet, genetic associations with asexuality may refresh the gene pool promoting adaptation of clonal lineages; polyploidy is one of them. Parthenogenesis itself and/or polyploidy are responsible for the maintenance and spread of clones in Artemia, a sexual-asexual genus of halophilic anostracans. We applied flow cytometry, microsatellite genotyping, and mtDNA sequencing to 23 asexual populations. Artemia parthenogens have evolved multiple times either through hybridization or spontaneously. Nine out of 23 populations contained clones of mixed ploidy (2n, 3n, 4n). Most clones were diploid (20/31) while two and nine clones were triploid and tetraploid, respectively. Apomictic triploids and tetraploids formed two distinct groups of low genetic diversity compared with the more divergent automictic diploids. Polyploidy is also polyphyletic in Artemia, with triploids and tetraploids having independent origins from different sexual ancestors. We discern a pattern of geographical parthenogenesis with all clonal groups being more widespread than their closest sexuals. In favour of a specialist model, asexual diploids are restricted to single locations and are strikingly segregated from generalist triploids and tetraploids occupying a variety of sites. This is a rare pattern of mixed life-history strategies within an asexual complex. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Maniatsi, Stefania; Baxevanis, Athanasios D.; Kappas, Ilias; Triantafyllidis, Alexander; Papakostas, Spiros; Abatzopoulos, Theodore J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Dept Genet Dev & Mol Biol, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; [Deligiannidis, Panagiotis; Bougiouklis, Dimitrios] Thermi Business Incubator, LIAISON Stem Cell Banking, Thessaloniki, Greece	Abatzopoulos, TJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Dept Genet Dev & Mol Biol, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.	smaniats@bio.auth.gr; tbaxevan@bio.auth.gr; ikappas@bio.auth.gr; panagiotisdeligiannidis@yahoo.gr; atriant@bio.auth.gr; spiros.papakostas@gmail.-com; dimibougiouklis@yahoo.com; abatzop@-bio.auth.gr	Abatzopoulos, Theodore/F-4755-2011; Papakostas, Spiros/J-7452-2012; Baxevanis, Athanasios/H-2586-2012; Kappas, Ilias/H-9973-2013	Papakostas, Spiros/0000-0002-5563-0048; Baxevanis, Athanasios/0000-0002-7057-3213; Triantafyllidis, Alexandros/0000-0003-0469-011X	PENED [03ED402]; E.U.; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT	SM acknowledges Dr. Patrick G. Meirmans for help and advice with the GenoDive software. Many thanks to Prof. Teresa Crease for critically reading an earlier version of the manuscript. SM was partially supported by a PENED research Project 03ED402, co-financed by E.U.-European Social Fund (75%) and the Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT (25%). Two anonymous reviewers are kindly acknowledged for their critical comments.	ABATZOPOULOS T, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V250, P73, DOI 10.1007/BF00008228; Abatzopoulos T. J, 2002, ARTEMIA BASIC APPL B; Abatzopoulos Theodore J., 1998, International Journal of Salt Lake Research, V7, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02449923; Abatzopoulos TJ, 2009, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V94, P560, DOI 10.1002/iroh.200911147; Abatzopoulos TJ, 2006, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V86, P299, DOI 10.1017/S0025315406013154; Abatzopoulos TJ, 2002, BIOL J LINN SOC, V75, P333, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00023.x; ABATZOPOULOS TJ, 1986, GENETICA, V71, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF00123227; ABREU-GROBOIS F. 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J	de Roij, J; Harris, PD; MacColl, ADC				de Roij, Job; Harris, Philip D.; MacColl, Andrew D. C.			Divergent resistance to a monogenean flatworm among three-spined stickleback populations	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Gyrodactylus gasterostei; natural infection; parasite-mediated selection; parasite resistance; parasite tolerance	GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION; GYRODACTYLUS-SALARIS; PARASITE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE	P>1. Given their ubiquity, we might expect parasites to play an important role in the adaptive divergence of host populations. Specifically, adaptation to local parasite communities is predicted to influence the evolution of a number of host traits such as parasite resistance. 2. To investigate the possibility that divergent parasite-mediated selection drives population-level variation in parasite resistance, we artificially infected lab-reared three-spined sticklebacks with the monogenean flatworm Gyrodactylus gasterostei. The fish were derived from five populations from North Uist, Scotland, that were chosen because they differed in natural infection levels of Gyrodactylus arcuatus. 3. We found substantial differences in resistance to G. gasterostei among populations. Resistance was defined largely by the ability to limit the size of the worm population rather than by the timing of the host response. 4. Experimental resistance was not significantly correlated with natural infection levels of G. arcuatus. However, in general, populations with greater exposure to G. arcuatus were shown to be more resistant to G. gasterostei. Fish from the only naturally unexposed population showed the highest susceptibility, which may be the result of less selection to maintain resistance. 5. Taken together, these results suggest that the divergent selection mediated by Gyrodactylus may play a role in driving population-level variation in resistance to this parasite.	[de Roij, Job; MacColl, Andrew D. C.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England; [Harris, Philip D.] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, Oslo, Norway	de Roij, J (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.	plxjd4@nottingham.ac.uk	MacColl, Andrew/B-7090-2014	MacColl, Andrew/0000-0003-2102-6130	University of Nottingham; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C517525/1]	Many thanks to Sarah Forbes and Sonia Chapman for assistance with the collection of natural infection data and stickleback crosses, and to Alan Crampton and Ann Lowe for fish husbandry. We are grateful to North Uist estates and the Scottish Executive for access to land. Fish were artificially infected and maintained under UK Home Office Project Licence 40/2886. Comments from Joost Raeymackers and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. This work was funded by a PhD studentship awarded to JdR by the University of Nottingham and a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) fellowship to ADCM.	ANDERSON RM, 1982, PARASITOLOGY, V85, P411, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000055360; Baker JA, 2008, BEHAVIOUR, V145, P579, DOI 10.1163/156853908792451539; Bakke TA, 2007, ADV PARASIT, V64, P161, DOI 10.1016/S0065-308X(06)64003-7; Bakke T. 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Ecol.	FEB	2011	25	1					217	226		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01775.x				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	709VC	WOS:000286468500022					2019-02-21	
J	Walsh, MR; Fraser, DF; Bassar, RD; Reznick, DN				Walsh, Matthew R.; Fraser, Douglas F.; Bassar, Ronald D.; Reznick, David N.			The direct and indirect effects of guppies: implications for life-history evolution in Rivulus hartii	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						mark-recapture; killifish; predator-prey interactions; trophic cascade	MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; TROPHIC CASCADES; TOP PREDATORS; GROWTH-RATE; SIZE; PREY; MORTALITY; AGE	P>1. Ecological factors that alter mortality rates, such as predation, can cause evolutionary change. However, in addition to killing prey, predators can reduce prey abundance and increase food to survivors. Such indirect effects may also cause evolution. Predictions from theory that models how life histories evolve in response to increased mortality rates often change when they include indirect effects. Thus, indirect effects need to be evaluated to couple theory with natural systems. 2. Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, are found in communities with and without guppies Poecilia reticulata. Rivulus densities decline when guppies are present, which may be due to competitive or predatory interactions with guppies that increase Rivulus mortality rates. We previously showed that Rivulus from sites with guppies begin reproduction earlier and have increased reproductive allotment compared to Rivulus from sites with just Rivulus. Such divergence is inconsistent with theory that considers changes in juvenile mortality alone, but is consistent with theory that incorporates indirect effects. Here, we explored the mechanism of divergence with mark-recapture studies that compared the population biology of Rivulus between communities that are and are not sympatric with guppies. 3. Rivulus were 50% less abundant when guppies were present but guppies were not associated with increased adult mortality rates. Related experiments show that the declines in density are likely due to guppy predation on young Rivulus. Guppies do not appear to negatively impact Rivulus growth via competition. Rivulus with guppies grow > 3x faster than Rivulus from sites upstream, above waterfalls that exclude guppies. If guppies competed with Rivulus for resources, then we would instead expect to see their presence be associated with a decline in Rivulus growth rates. When Rivulus were transplanted from above to below this barrier, their growth accelerated to match the residents. This response instead argues that the differences in growth are mediated by an environmental factor, likely lower population densities, which allow Rivulus from sites with guppies to grow faster. 4. These results imply that an indirect effect of guppy predation on young Rivulus, which is the presumed agent of selection, improves the fit of empirical findings with theoretical predictions.	[Walsh, Matthew R.; Bassar, Ronald D.; Reznick, David N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Fraser, Douglas F.] Siena Coll, Dept Biol, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA	Walsh, MR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	matthew.walsh@yale.edu		reznick, david/0000-0002-1144-0568	Explorers Club Exploration Grant; National Science Foundation [DEB0808039, DEB0416085, EF0623632, DEB0108365]	We would like to thank Matthew Schrader, Christopher Oufiero, Jose Rodriguez, Ramon Rodriguez, E. Farfan, and Jeannette Ogren for assistance with field work. We thank Derek Roff, Len Nunney, and three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality and presentation of this paper. This work was supported by an Explorers Club Exploration Grant, a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant DEB0808039, and National Science Foundation Grants DEB0416085 and EF0623632 to DNR and DEB0108365 to DFF.	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J	Epele, LB; Miserendino, ML				Beltran Epele, Luis; Laura Miserendino, Maria			Life cycle, production and habitat selection of Notoperla fasciata and N-magnaspina (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) in a headwater Patagonian stream	FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY			English	Article						stonefly; secondary production; seasonal pattern; competition; semivoltine	SECONDARY PRODUCTION; EMERGENCE PATTERNS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ANDEAN STREAM; HISTORY; ARGENTINA; MAYFLIES; FOREST; MACROINVERTEBRATES; STONEFLIES	We examined the life history, annual production, diet, habitat preferences and competition of two species of stoneflies Notoperla fasciata and N. magnaspina in a Patagonian mountain headwater stream. Benthic samples and adult collections were taken monthly from July 2004 to June 2005. A habitat selection study was performed concurrently during high and low water periods in five substrate types. Although both species showed long life cycles ( N. fasciata: 20 months and N. magnaspina: 3 years) their life histories and temporal dynamics were different. Growth was rapid during summer and early autumn as a result of warmer temperatures but N. magnaspina had a shorter emergence period ( November to January) than N. fasciata ( January to April). N. fasciata was the dominant Notoperla species with a mean annual density 6 times higher and secondary production 4.5 higher than that of N. magnaspina. While boulders in riffles and pools, and leaf-pack habitats supported significantly more individuals of N. magnaspina in the low water period ( ANOVA, p < 0.02) habitat preferences were not observed in the studied species ( ANOVA, p > 0.26). N. fasciata dominated in the high water period and N. magnaspina during the low water period. Analysis of gut contents revealed that both species were herbivorous grazers, and consumed the same food types. The interspecific overlap in density, biomass and annual production among habitat types was high in the low water period (PS > 0.5). However, N. fasciata were smaller than N. magnaspina. The existence of different life history strategies and the temporal shift of main generations and density peaks were critical to allow species coexistence and to reduce competition.	[Beltran Epele, Luis; Laura Miserendino, Maria] Univ Nacl Patagonia, UNPSJB, CONICET, Lab Invest Ecol & Sistemat Anim, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina	Epele, LB (reprint author), Univ Nacl Patagonia, UNPSJB, CONICET, Lab Invest Ecol & Sistemat Anim, Sarmiento 849, RA-9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.	luisbepele@hotmail.com			CONICET	This study was partially supported by CONICET. We thank Lic. E. Hollmann and Lic. C. Brand for fieldtrip and laboratory assistance. We also thank Dr. M. Archangelsky for helpful comments on the English style. This is Scientific Contribution no 53 from LIESA.	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J	Jordana, X; Kohler, M				Jordana, Xavier; Koehler, Meike			Enamel microstructure in the fossil bovid Myotragus balearicus (Majorca, Spain): Implications for life-history evolution of dwarf mammals in insular ecosystems	PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY			English	Article						Insularity; Dwarfism; Life history; Dental Microstructure; Paleohistology; Body size	BATE 1909 ARTIODACTYLA; BODY-SIZE; ISLAND RULE; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; OCEANIC ISLANDS; TEETH; DEER; PALEONTOLOGY; PERIODICITY	The causes underlying the evolution of insular dwarfs and giants are a matter of ongoing debate. Because body size is among the principle life history traits, recent works aim to understand the evolution of insular dwarfs in the framework of life history theory. However, the hypotheses put forward so far are conflicting. Early studies, suggested that dwarfing is a consequence of selection for an increased reproduction associated to an accelerated life history (formerly r-selection). Recent work, however, based on the analysis of bone histology of the fossil insular dwarf bovid Myotragus balearicus (Balearic Islands, Spain), concluded that dwarfing on islands results from a decrease in growth rate associated to a slow life history (formerly K-selection) in response to selective forces peculiar to insular conditions. In the present work, we reconstruct the schedule of certain life history traits by estimating the rate of dental development and eruption times in M. balearicus and, for comparisons, in an extant caprine (Ovis aries). We used histological techniques to calculate crown formation time, daily secretion rate and crown extension rate, in the lower molars. Eruption pattern in M. balearicus was analysed through the radiological images of an ontogenetic series of mandibles. Our results show that dental crowns grew at slower rates and the period of crown formation was more extended in the dwarfed fossil bovid than in other extant caprines, resulting in dental development and eruption time that doubles that of extant bovids of similar body size. This suggests an important delay in life history schedules. Concordant with the delayed dental development, the striking hypsodonty of Myotragus is indicative of an extended lifespan. These results, together with previous findings from long bone histology, provide empirical evidence for a shift towards a slow life history in this insular dwarfed mammal. Density-dependent resource limitation is hypothesized as the main trigger of the life history and body size evolution of Myotragus. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Jordana, Xavier] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Paleobiol, Inst Catala Paleontol ICP, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; [Koehler, Meike] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies, Inst Catala Paleontol ICP, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain	Jordana, X (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Paleobiol, Inst Catala Paleontol ICP, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.	xavier.jordana@icp.cat; meike.kohler@icp.cat	Jordana, Xavier/G-7537-2017; Jordana, Xavier/L-9301-2014	Jordana, Xavier/0000-0002-6016-6630; Jordana, Xavier/0000-0001-8990-4388; Kohler, Meike/0000-0001-9228-3164	Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2008-06204/BTE]; ICREA	We thank C. Constantino for the access to the collections of the Museu Balear de Ciencies Naturals; A. Nieto for access to the material of the Zooarchaeological Laboratory at Universitat de Lleida; M. Marquez of Banc de Teixits Animals de Catalunya (BTAC) at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona for provide recent samples; Hospital Mutua de Terrassa for CT-scan study; R. Garcia and J. Fortuny for technical help; and G. Macho, N. Marin and S. Esteban for constructive discussions on the manuscript. We are grateful to Tim Bromage and an anonymous reviewer for their useful comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2008-06204/BTE).	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Y., 1977, MAJOR PATTERNS VERTE, P671; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tafforeau P, 2007, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V246, P206, DOI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.001; Van Valen L, 1973, EVOL THEORY, V1, P31; Veiberg V, 2007, BIOLOGY LETT, V3, P268, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0610	72	40	40	1	29	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	AMSTERDAM	PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	0031-0182			PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL	Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.	FEB 1	2011	300	1-4					59	66		10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.008				8	Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology	Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology	725CI	WOS:000287622400006					2019-02-21	
J	Stewart, J				Stewart, John			Evidence of age-class truncation in some exploited marine fish populations in New South Wales, Australia	FISHERIES RESEARCH			English	Article						Age truncation; Temperate reef; No-take marine reserves	SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; KINGFISH SERIOLA-LALANDI; LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; PROTECTED AREAS; CAPTURE DEPTH; GROWTH; LONGEVITY	Exploited reef-associated species in south-eastern Australia have evolved life-history strategies to ensure population persistence through periods that are unsuitable for recruitment. They are characterized by considerable potential longevity (20-50 years), sexual maturation at relatively young ages (2-4 years old) and variable recruitment patterns. The age compositions in landings of the major reef-associated species in this region were used to demonstrate that some species have been subjected to significant age-class truncation. Species with long histories of exploitation had age compositions with relatively few fish greater than 5 years old. It is suggested that the removal of older age classes from the most heavily exploited populations has lowered their resilience to environmental change and that remedial management action may be required to rebuild reserves of older individuals. It is argued that the management options that are most likely to succeed in achieving this objective for populations of offshore reef-associated species include reducing rates of exploitation to very low levels, protecting larger/older fish through regulated maximum length limits and/or changes to gear selectivity and no take marine protected areas. The most appropriate management options will depend on the life-history of the species being considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cronulla Fisheries Res Ctr Excellence, New S Wales Dept Primary Ind, Cronulla, NSW 2230, Australia	Stewart, J (reprint author), Cronulla Fisheries Res Ctr Excellence, New S Wales Dept Primary Ind, POB 21, Cronulla, NSW 2230, Australia.	john.Stewart@industry.nsw.gov.au	Stewart, John/N-7330-2016	Stewart, John/0000-0002-1435-0082			BARRETT NS, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P853, DOI 10.1071/MF9950853; Beamish RJ, 2006, PROG OCEANOGR, V68, P289, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.005; Berkeley SA, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1258, DOI 10.1890/03-0706; Berkeley SA, 2004, FISHERIES, V29, P23, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[23:FSVPOA]2.0.CO;2; CLARK WG, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P734, DOI 10.1139/f91-088; DECCW, 2009, NSW STAT ENV 2009; Denny CM, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V272, P183, DOI 10.3354/meps272183; Gillanders BM, 2001, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V52, P179, DOI 10.1071/MF99153; Green BS, 2008, ADV MAR BIOL, V54, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2881(08)00001-1; Hewitt DA, 2005, FISH B-NOAA, V103, P433; Hughes JM, 2008, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V59, P1111, DOI 10.1071/MF08102; Jensen AL, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P820, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-53-4-820; Jones PJS, 2007, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V17, P31, DOI 10.1007/s11160-006-9016-8; Kaiser MJ, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P1194, DOI 10.1139/F05-056; LEAMAN BM, 1984, INT N PAC FISH COMM, V42, P85; LOKKEBORG S, 1992, FISH RES, V13, P311, DOI 10.1016/0165-7836(92)90084-7; Longhurst A, 2002, FISH RES, V56, P125, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00351-4; Longhurst A, 1998, FISH RES, V38, P101, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(98)00152-0; Longhurst A, 2006, FISH RES, V81, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.022; LOWRY MB, 1997, THESIS NEW S WALES U; *MAR PARKS AUTH, 2008, REV BEN MAR PROT AR; Millar RB, 1999, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V9, P89, DOI 10.1023/A:1008838220001; Morton J. 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J	Edward, DA; Fricke, C; Gerrard, DT; Chapman, T				Edward, Dominic A.; Fricke, Claudia; Gerrard, Dave T.; Chapman, Tracey			QUANTIFYING THE LIFE-HISTORY RESPONSE TO INCREASED MALE EXPOSURE IN FEMALE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Accessory gland proteins; fitness; fruit fly; mating costs; sexual conflict; sexual selection	ACCESSORY-GLAND PRODUCTS; LABORATORY-MODEL-SYSTEM; SEMINAL FLUID PROTEIN; SEXUAL CONFLICT; EGG SIZE; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; FRUIT-FLIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INDIRECT BENEFITS; DIRECT COSTS	Precise estimates of costs and benefits, the fitness economics, of mating are of key importance in understanding how selection shapes the coevolution of male and female mating traits. However, fitness is difficult to define and quantify. Here, we used a novel application of an established analytical technique to calculate individual- and population-based estimates of fitness-including those sensitive to the timing of reproduction-to measure the effects on females of increased exposure to males. Drosophila melanogaster females were exposed to high and low frequencies of contact with males, and life-history traits for each individual female were recorded. We then compared different fitness estimates to determine which of them best described the changes in life histories. We predicted that rate-sensitive estimates would be more accurate, as mating influences the rate of offspring production in this species. The results supported this prediction. Increased exposure to males led to significantly decreased fitness within declining but not stable or increasing populations. There was a net benefit of increased male exposure in expanding populations, despite a significant decrease in lifespan. The study shows how a more accurate description of fitness, and new insights can be achieved by considering individual life-history strategies within the context of population growth.	[Edward, Dominic A.; Fricke, Claudia; Gerrard, Dave T.; Chapman, Tracey] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England	Edward, DA (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.	D.Edward@uea.ac.uk; C.Fricke@uea.ac.uk; david.gerrard@manchester.ac.uk; tracey.chapman@uea.ac.uk	Edward, Dominic/B-4074-2010; Gerrard, Dave/C-6366-2008; Chapman, Tracey/E-5100-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Fricke, Claudia/M-6536-2014	Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Fricke, Claudia/0000-0002-0691-6779; Gerrard, Dave/0000-0001-6890-7213	NERC; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/H008047/1]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C510516/1]	We thank J. Brommer, T. Benton, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the analysis and J. Boone, P. Leftwich, and V. Ng for help with the experiments. Funding was provided by the NERC (research grant to TC).	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J	Balbontin, J; de Lope, F; Hermosell, IG; Mousseau, TA; Moller, AP				Balbontin, J.; de Lope, F.; Hermosell, I. G.; Mousseau, T. A.; Moller, A. P.			Determinants of age-dependent change in a secondary sexual character	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						among-individual component; life-history theory; phenotypic plasticity; selection; senescence; within-individual component	SWALLOW HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; BARN SWALLOWS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; NATURAL-SELECTION; MIGRATORY BIRD; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; MONOGAMOUS SWALLOW; MORTALITY-RATES; ORNAMENT SIZE; ARRIVAL DATE	Many secondary sexual characters vary in a systematic way with the age of individuals, with young and old individuals displaying at lower levels than individuals of intermediate age. Analyses quantifying the within-individual and among-individual components of phenotypic variation can help partition effects of phenotypic plasticity and selective mortality. We analysed phenotypic variation in the expression of a secondary sexual character, tail length, in male and female barn swallows Hirundo rustica from four European populations studied during 11-26 years, using linear mixed effect models to describe age-related expression. Tail length increased from yearlings to intermediate aged birds with a subsequent decrease at old age. In males, this age-related pattern was because of both within-subject and between-subject effects, with no difference among populations. Males having longer lifespan had shorter tails when young than those having shorter lifespan. Females showed similar patterns of age-related variation as males, with no difference among populations. The major difference between sexes was that the between-subject effects (i.e. disappearance effects or selection) were much more important for males compared to females for which lifetime variation in tail length was mainly because of a within-subject effect (i.e., a plastic response). These findings suggest that whereas males trade greater expression of the secondary sexual character at young age against longevity, that was not the case for females. This is consistent with tail length being more costly in males than in females, with the cost of long tails potentially being offset by elevated mating success, whereas that is not the case in females.	[Moller, A. P.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8079, Lab Ecol Syst & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France; [Balbontin, J.] Fac Biol, Area Zool, Dept Fisiol & Zool, Seville, Spain; [de Lope, F.; Hermosell, I. G.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Anat Biol Celular & Zool, Badajoz, Spain; [Mousseau, T. A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA	Moller, AP (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8079, Lab Ecol Syst & Evolut, Batiment 362, F-91405 Orsay, France.	anders.moller@u-psud.fr	Garcia Hermosell, Ignacio/H-1800-2012; Balbontin, Javier/H-5932-2015	Garcia Hermosell, Ignacio/0000-0002-5785-2269; Balbontin, Javier/0000-0003-1539-2636	Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CGL-2009-08976]	Thanks to all the people who helped obtain field data, especially A. Barbosa, N. Cadee, J. Cuervo, L. Garamszegi, D. Gil, F. Mateos, S. Merino, J. Moreno, C. Navarro and P. Ninni. Thank you also to Guadalupe M. Nisa for her invaluable help and support. The Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL-2009-08976) supported this research. The Spanish Ministry of Education and Science supported IGH through a predoctoral 'FPI' fellowship.	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R, 1991, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL AG; Royall RM, 1997, STAT EVIDENCE LIKELI; Stearns S, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; van de Pol M, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P766, DOI 10.1086/503331; van de Pol MV, 2009, ANIM BEHAV, V77, P753, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.11.006; Velando A, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P1443, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3480; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461	55	12	12	0	37	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1010-061X	1420-9101		J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	FEB	2011	24	2					440	448		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02183.x				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	706HI	WOS:000286208400021	21175908	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Stelzer, CP				Stelzer, Claus-Peter			The Cost of Sex and Competition between Cyclical and Obligate Parthenogenetic Rotifers	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						maintenance of sex; fitness; life-history evolution; cost of males; Brachionus calyciflorus; parthenogenesis	BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS ROTIFERA; DAPHNIA-PULEX; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION; INDUCTION; ASEXUALITY; EVOLUTION; CULTURE; ZOOPLANKTON	The ubiquity of sexual reproduction is an evolutionary puzzle because asexuality should have major reproductive advantages. Theoretically, transitions to asexuality should confer substantial benefits in population growth and lead to rapid displacement of all sexual ancestors. So far, there have been few rigorous tests of one of the most basic assumptions of the paradox of sex: that asexuals are competitively superior to sexuals immediately after their origin. Here I examine the fitness consequences of very recent transitions to obligate parthenogenesis in the cyclical parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. This experimental system differs from previous animal models, since obligate parthenogens were derived from the same maternal genotype as cyclical parthenogens. Obligate parthenogens had similar fitness compared with cyclical parthenogens in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase (calculated from life tables). However, population growth of cyclical parthenogens was predicted to be much lower: sexual female offspring do not contribute to immediate population growth in Brachionus, since they produce either males or diapausing eggs. Hence, if cyclical parthenogens constantly produce a high proportion of sexual offspring, there is a cost of sex, and obligate parthenogens can invade. This prediction was confirmed in laboratory competition experiments.	Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria	Stelzer, CP (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, Mondseestr 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria.	claus-peter.stelzer@oeaw.ac.at	Stelzer, Claus-Peter/F-3789-2018	Stelzer, Claus-Peter/0000-0002-6682-0904	Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung [P20735-B17]	I would like to thank J. Schmidt and A. Wiedlroither for technical assistance during the experimental work. D. Lamatsch and S. Riss gave valuable comments on an earlier version the manuscript. Financial support was provided by Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung grant P20735-B17. D. Lamatsch, S. Riss, and two anonymous reviewers gave valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.	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Nat.	FEB	2011	177	2					E43	E53		10.1086/657685				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	758FQ	WOS:000290147800001	21460550				2019-02-21	
J	Diamantidis, AD; Carey, JR; Nakas, CT; Papadopoulos, NT				Diamantidis, Alexandros D.; Carey, James R.; Nakas, Christos T.; Papadopoulos, Nikos T.			Ancestral populations perform better in a novel environment: domestication of Mediterranean fruit fly populations from five global regions	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						Ceratitis capitata; genetic differentiation; invasion; invasive species; life history evolution; Tephritidae	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; LABORATORY ADAPTATION; DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; BACTROCERA-CUCURBITAE; COLONIZATION PROCESS; STRESS RESISTANCE	Geographically isolated populations of a species may differ in several aspects of life history, morphology, behaviour and genetic structure as a result of adaptation in ecologically diverse habitats. We used a global invasive species, the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), to investigate whether adaptation to a novel environment differs among geographically isolated populations that vary in major life history components, such as life span and reproduction. We used wild populations from five global regions (Kenya, Hawaii, Guatemala, Portugal and Greece). Adult demographic traits were monitored in the F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-9 generations in captivity. Although domestication in constant laboratory conditions had a different effect on the mortality and reproductive rates of the different populations, a general trend of decreasing life span and age of first reproduction was observed for most medfly populations tested. However, taking into account the longevity of both sexes, age-specific reproductive schedules and average reproductive rates, we found that the ancestral Kenyan population kept the above life history traits stable during domestication compared with the other populations tested. These findings provide important insights into the life history evolution of this model species, and suggest that ancestral medfly populations perform better than the derived, invasive ones in a novel environment. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102, 334-345.	[Diamantidis, Alexandros D.; Nakas, Christos T.; Papadopoulos, Nikos T.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Ionia 38446, Magnisias, Greece; [Diamantidis, Alexandros D.; Carey, James R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Papadopoulos, NT (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Agr Crop Prod & Rural Environm, Phytokou St N, Ionia 38446, Magnisias, Greece.	nikopap@uth.gr	Nakas, Christos/F-3052-2011	Nakas, Christos/0000-0003-4155-722X	National Institute on Ageing [P01-AG022500-01, P01-AG08761-10]	This study was supported by the National Institute on Ageing grants P01-AG022500-01 and P01-AG08761-10 awarded to James R. Carey. We thank A. Mavromatis (University of Thessaly, Greece) for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to P. Rendon [Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture (ARS USDA), Guatemela], D. McInnis and R. Vargas (USDA, Hawaii), L. Dantas (Madeira), C. 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J. Linnean Soc.	FEB	2011	102	2					334	345		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01579.x				12	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	706NL	WOS:000286225000008	21278856	Bronze, Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Dmitriew, CM				Dmitriew, Caitlin M.			The evolution of growth trajectories: what limits growth rate?	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Review						life-history evolution; trade-offs; compensatory growth; time constraints; condition; predation; physiology	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; YELLOW DUNG FLIES; CATCH-UP GROWTH; CONFLICTING SELECTION PRESSURES; ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; BEETLE HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; RISK TRADE-OFF	The ecological and evolutionary factors influencing growth rate are reviewed, with particular emphasis on how growth might be constrained by direct fitness costs. Costs of accelerating growth might contribute to the variance in fitness that is not attributable to age or size at maturity, as well as to the variation in life-history strategies observed within and among species. Two main approaches have been taken to study the fitness trade-offs relating to growth rate. First, environmental manipulations can be used to produce treatment groups with different rates of growth. Second, common garden experiments can be used to compare fitness correlates among populations with different intrinsic growth rates. Data from these studies reveal a number of potential costs for growth over both the short and long term. In order to acquire the energy needed for faster growth, animals must increase food intake. Accordingly, in many taxa, the major constraint on growth rate appears to arise from the trade-off between predation risk and foraging effort. However, growth rates are also frequently observed to be submaximal in the absence of predation, suggesting that growth trajectories also impact fitness via other channels, such as the reallocation of finite resources between growth and other traits and functions. Despite the prevalence of submaximal growth, even when predators are absent, there is surprisingly little evidence to date demonstrating predator-independent costs of growth acceleration. Evidence that does exist indicates that such costs may be most apparent under stressful conditions. Future studies should examine more closely the link between patterns of resource allocation to traits in the adult organism and lifetime fitness. Changes in body composition at maturation, for example, may determine the outcome of trade-offs between reproduction and survival or between early and late reproduction. A number of design issues for studies investigating costs of growth that are imposed over the long term are discussed, along with suggestions for alternative approaches. Despite these issues, identifying costs of growth acceleration may fill a gap in our understanding of life-history evolution: the relationships between growth rate, the environment, and fitness may contribute substantially to the diversification of life histories in nature.	Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada	Dmitriew, CM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.	c.dmitriew@utoronto.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)	Thank you to Locke Rowe for many valuable discussions and encouragement, and to P. Abrams, H. Rodd, R. Schilder, N. Metcalfe and W. Blanckenhorn for many helpful comments and suggestions on previous versions of the manuscript. I am grateful to K. Gotthard, A. Laurila, and F. Sundstrom for providing the data used in the figures. This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) scholarship.	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Rev.	FEB	2011	86	1					97	116		10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00136.x				20	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	709WZ	WOS:000286473400005	20394607				2019-02-21	
J	Haag, WR; Rypel, AL				Haag, Wendell R.; Rypel, Andrew L.			Growth and longevity in freshwater mussels: evolutionary and conservation implications	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Review						age; life history; growth rate; von Bertalanffy; Unionidae; Margaritiferidae; Unionoida	MARGARITIFERA-MARGARITIFERA L.; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA BIVALVIA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; PEARL MUSSELS; TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENT; EXTREME LONGEVITY; GLOBAL DIVERSITY; MACOMA-BALTHICA; SOUTHERN LIMIT; METABOLIC-RATE	The amount of energy allocated to growth versus other functions is a fundamental feature of an organism's life history. Constraints on energy availability result in characteristic trade-offs among life-history traits and reflect strategies by which organisms adapt to their environments. Freshwater mussels are a diverse and imperiled component of aquatic ecosystems but little is known about their growth and longevity. Generalized depictions of freshwater mussels as 'long-lived and slow-growing' may give an unrealistically narrow view of life-history diversity which is incongruent with the taxonomic diversity of the group and can result in development of inappropriate conservation strategies. We investigated relationships among growth, longevity, and size in 57 species and 146 populations of freshwater mussels using original data and literature sources. In contrast to generalized depictions, longevity spanned nearly two orders of magnitude, ranging from 4 to 190 years, and the von Bertalanffy growth constant, K, spanned a similar range (0.02-1.01). Median longevity and K differed among phylogenetic groups but groups overlapped widely in these traits. Longevity, K, and size also varied among populations; in some cases, longevity and K differed between populations by a factor of two or more. Growth differed between sexes in some species and males typically reached larger sizes than females. In addition, a population of Quadrula asperata exhibited two distinctly different growth trajectories. Most individuals in this population had a low-to-moderate value of K (0.15) and intermediate longevity (27 years) but other individuals showed extremely slow growth (K = 0.05) and reached advanced ages (72 years). Overall, longevity was related negatively to the growth rate, K, and K explained a high percentage of variation in longevity. By contrast, size and relative shell mass (g mm-1 shell length) explained little variation in longevity. These patterns remained when data were corrected for phylogenetic relationships among species. Path analysis supported the conclusion that K was the most important factor influencing longevity both directly and indirectly through its effect on shell mass. The great variability in age and growth among and within species shows that allocation to growth is highly plastic in freshwater mussels. The strong negative relationship between growth and longevity suggests this is an important trade-off describing widely divergent life-history strategies. Although life-history strategies may be constrained somewhat by phylogeny, plasticity in growth among populations indicates that growth characteristics cannot be generalized within a species and management and conservation efforts should be based on data specific to a population of interest.	[Haag, Wendell R.; Rypel, Andrew L.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA; [Rypel, Andrew L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, Oxford, MS USA	Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Forest Hydrol Lab, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.	whaag@fs.fed.us			Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service	We thank the following people for their various contributions to this study. Mickey Bland expertly prepared hundreds of shell thin sections and assisted with specimen collection and interpretation of shell rings. Amy Commens-Carson, Gordon McWhirter, Leann Staton, and Angela Greer also assisted with field and laboratory work. David Campbell provided a phylogeny of freshwater mussels. Jeff Garner, Mark Hove, and John Harris provided specimens for age and growth analysis. Mel Warren and Tom Dellmade helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service.	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J	Hawley, DM; Altizer, SM				Hawley, Dana M.; Altizer, Sonia M.			Disease ecology meets ecological immunology: understanding the links between organismal immunity and infection dynamics in natural populations	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Review						coinfection; defense; immune defence; sickness behaviour; superspreader; seasonality; within-host dynamics	BUMBLEBEE BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; RANGING AFRICAN BUFFALO; HOST-NEMATODE SYSTEM; TRADE-OFFS; HOUSE FINCHES; SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; AMPHIBIAN IMMUNITY; SEASONAL-CHANGES; GLOBAL CLIMATE	P>1. Ecological immunology and disease ecology are two relatively young disciplines that apply ecological approaches and principles to traditionally non-ecological fields. In both cases, an ecological perspective has allowed new insights to emerge by focusing attention on variation over space and time, and by emphasizing the role of the environment in shaping individual responses and the outcome of host-pathogen interactions. Here we review the growing conceptual interface between these two rapidly evolving fields. 2. Areas of synergy between ecological immunology and disease ecology aim to translate variation in within-host processes (e.g. immunity) into between-host dynamics (e.g. parasite transmission). Emerging areas of synergy include potential immune mechanisms that underlie host heterogeneity in disease susceptibility, teasing apart the effects of environmental factors such as seasonality and climate on host susceptibility and pathogen dynamics, and predicting the outcome of co-infection by functionally distinct groups of parasites that elicit different immune responses. 3. In some cases, practical limitations have constrained the merging of ideas in ecological immunology and disease ecology. We discuss several logistical challenges, including dissecting the relative roles of host exposure and susceptibility, establishing links between measures of immunity and pathogen resistance in wild populations, and incorporating relevant immune variation into prevailing disease ecology modeling frameworks. 4. Future work at the interface of these two fields should advance understanding of life-history theory, host-pathogen dynamics, and physiological ecology, and will also contribute to targeted approaches for wildlife health and zoonotic disease prevention.	[Hawley, Dana M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA; [Altizer, Sonia M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA	Hawley, DM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.	hawleyd@vt.edu		Hawley, Dana/0000-0001-9573-2914	National Science Foundation [DEB-0643831, EF-0622705]	We thank L. B. Martin, D.A. Ardia, V. Ezenwa, and two anonymous reviewers for significantly improving this manuscript. Financial support to S. Altizer (DEB-0643831) and D. Hawley (EF-0622705) was provided by the National Science Foundation.	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Ecol.	FEB	2011	25	1					48	60		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01753.x				13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	709VC	WOS:000286468500006		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Ardia, DR; Parmentier, HK; Vogel, LA				Ardia, Daniel R.; Parmentier, Henk K.; Vogel, Laura A.			The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Review						constraints; ecoimmunology; epigenetics; genetics; individual variation; life history tradeoffs; polarization	RED-BLOOD-CELLS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PRIMARY ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; REGULATORY T-CELLS; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; NATURAL-SELECTION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; DIVERGENT SELECTION	P>1. Life history theory predicts that immunity should be plastic and reflect environmental contexts. However, individual variation in immune investment may arise not just because of individual adjustment, but because of developmental, physiological, genetic or immunological constraints which lead to non-adaptive responses by limiting or eliminating flexibility in immune investment. Constraints can arise because organisms are single integrated units with interconnected and interacting components, in which physiological and genetic control mechanisms may limit or constrain immunity. We review some of the key underlying genetic and physiological factors that may constrain the occurrence and intensity of immune responses. 2. A major part of individual variability may rest on variation in genetic background. Genetic-based constraints can limit or influence immune responses, particularly through pleiotropy and epistatic interactions. In addition, genetic variation, an important driver of variation in antigen recognition and immune system polarization, can be constrained through linkage disequilibrium and genetic drift. Epigenetic changes can also constrain or limit immune responses in future generations based on individual experience. 3. The immune system itself can influence individual flexibility in immune investment. Throughout development individuals face tradeoffs within the immune system that favour the expression of one trait at the expense of another. Ontogenetic differences can cause juveniles and adults to produce entirely different immune responses to the same pathogen. T-helper 1 (Th1)/T-helper 1 (Th2) polarization during infection also imposes constraints upon an individual's immune responsiveness, with the consequence that hosts cannot simultaneously mount strong responses using both Th1 and Th2 cells. In addition, evidence suggests that flexibility in immune responses becomes constrained with age through accumulation of memory cells at the expense of naive cells, decreased function of cells involved in adaptive and innate immunity, and programming of HPA-immune interactions. 4. In summary, selection on a particular immune trait can have effects on other immune components or phenotypic characters, as revealed by artificial selection studies. In particular selection for increased investment in compartments of the immune system leads to decreased investment in other competing life history functions and/or marked changes in other immune components. The role of past experience, even the past experience of parents, may limit and constrain immune responses through influencing the ontogeny of immunity, as well as through epigenetic influences.	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Ecol.	FEB	2011	25	1					61	73		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01759.x				13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	709VC	WOS:000286468500007		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Felix, PM; Vinagre, C; Cabral, HN				Felix, P. M.; Vinagre, C.; Cabral, H. N.			Life-history traits of flatfish in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea	JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY			English	Review							PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SOLE SOLEA-SOLEA; TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; MEGRIM LEPIDORHOMBUS-BOSCII; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; EASTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; O-GROUP FLATFISH; PORTUGUESE COAST; SEXUAL CYCLES	P>Flatfishes are poorly represented in published literature regarding life-history strategies, as opposed to some other taxonomic groups of teleost fish. The present work constitutes an integrated approach to life-history traits of the Order Pleuronectiformes occurring in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Data was exhaustively collected for several species of the families Scophthalmidae, Pleuronectidae, Bothidae and Soleidae, namely life-history parameters from the von Bertalanffy growth model (L-infinity and k), absolute fecundity and size at maturity (L-m), as well as ecological and environmental data, with regard to the species and their area of occurrence. An inter-specific ordination analysis based on life-history parameters and environmental factors revealed distinct patterns of life-history strategies, not necessarily grouped by phylogenetic affinities. Species with a more northern range of distribution were distinguishable from those with southern affinities by showing larger sizes, lower growth rates, earlier spawning, shorter spawning periods and higher fecundity. Possible environmental causes for these traits are discussed. Intra-specific analyses were also performed and were generally in agreement with other authors, yet some disagreement was found for the inter-specific analysis.	[Felix, P. M.; Cabral, H. N.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Biol Anim, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal; [Vinagre, C.; Cabral, H. 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von BERTALANFFY LUDWIG, 1938, HUMAN BIOL, V10, P181; WALSH SJ, 1994, NETH J SEA RES, V32, P241, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(94)90002-7; Weatherley A. 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J	King, EG; Roff, DA; Fairbairn, DJ				King, E. G.; Roff, D. A.; Fairbairn, D. J.			Trade-off acquisition and allocation in Gryllus firmus: a test of the Y model	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						acquisition; allocation; Gryllus firmus; trade-offs; wing dimorphism; Y model	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; WING-POLYMORPHIC CRICKET; POSITIVE GENETIC CORRELATIONS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; FLIGHT CAPABILITY; OFFSPRING SIZE; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; VAN-NOORDWIJK; JONG MODEL; INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM	Many models of life history evolution assume trade-offs between major life history traits; however, these trade-offs are often not found. The Y model predicts that variation in acquisition can mask underlying allocation trade-offs and is a major hypothesis explaining why negative relationships are not always found between traits that are predicted to trade-off with one another. Despite this model's influence on the field of life history evolution, it has rarely been properly tested. We use a model system, the wing dimorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus as a case study to test the assumptions and predictions of the Y model. By experimentally altering the acquisition regime and by estimating energy acquisition and energy allocation directly in this species, we are able to explicitly test this important model. Overall, we find strong support for the predictions of the Y model.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; Univ Calif Riverside, Grad Program Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	King, EG (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.	egking@uci.edu			National Science Foundation [DEB-0807657]; SICB; University of California, Riverside	This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0807657, a SICB Grant-in-Aid-of-Research and the University of California, Riverside. We thank Christopher Caridi for countless hours of data acquisition and laboratory assistance. Dr. Mark A. Chappell provided invaluable assistance with our metabolic equipment and helpful advice regarding our physiological measurements. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved this paper.	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Evol. Biol.	FEB	2011	24	2					256	264		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02160.x				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	706HI	WOS:000286208400003	21044204	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Kim, SY; Drummond, H; Torres, R; Velando, A				Kim, S-Y; Drummond, H.; Torres, R.; Velando, A.			Evolvability of an avian life history trait declines with father's age	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						animal model; genetic variation; life history evolution; parental age; random regression; recruiting age; Sula nebouxii	BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; STERNOPLEURAL CHAETA NUMBER; EXTRA-PAIR FERTILIZATION; WILD ANIMAL POPULATIONS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; PARENTAL AGE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GOOD GENES; OLD MATES; SENESCENCE	Studies of laboratory organisms have suggested that parental age affects the genetic variance of offspring traits. This effect can engender age-specific variance in genetic contributions to evolutionary change in heritable traits under directional selection, particularly in age-structured populations. Using long-term population data of the blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii), we tested whether genetic variance of recruiting age varies with parental age. Using robust quantitative genetic models fitted to pedigree, we found a significant genotype-by-paternal age interaction for recruiting age. Genetic potential for adaptive change in recruiting age was greater in progeny of young (age 1-6 years) fathers (males: CVA = 6.68; females: CVA = 7.59) than those of middle age (7-9 years) fathers (males: CVA = 4.64; females: CVA = 5.08) and old (10-14 years) fathers (CVA = 0 for both sexes). Therefore, parental age dependence of heritable variance, in addition to age-related variation in survival and fecundity, should affect the strength of natural selection for evolutionary changes. Our results provide rare evidence for the influence of parental age on the evolutionary potential of a life history trait in a wild population.	[Kim, S-Y; Velando, A.] Univ Vigo, Dept Ecoloxia & Bioloxia Anim, Vigo 36310, Spain; [Drummond, H.; Torres, R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Evolutiva, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico	Velando, A (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Dept Ecoloxia & Bioloxia Anim, Vigo 36310, Spain.	avelando@uvigo.es	Kim, Sin-Yeon/K-2770-2014; Velando, Alberto/B-1701-2009	Kim, Sin-Yeon/0000-0002-5170-8477; Velando, Alberto/0000-0001-8909-0724	Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [81823, 47599, 34500-V, 4722-N9407, D112-903581, PCCNCNA-031528, 31973H]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [CGL2009-10883-C02-01]; Xunta de Galicia	We are grateful to A. Wilson who provided very helpful advice on statistical analyses and two anonymous reviewers for very constructive comments. We thank C. Rodriguez, J. L. Osorno and numerous volunteers for dedicated work in the field and on the database. Annual fieldwork on Isla Isabel depended on the generous support of many fishermen, finance from the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (81823, 47599, 34500-V, 4722-N9407, D112-903581, PCCNCNA-031528, 31973H), logistical support and permissions from the Secretaria del Medioambiente y Recursos Naturales and logistical support of the Mexican navy. Finance for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (CGL2009-10883-C02-01). S.-Y. K. is supported by the Isidro Parga Pondal fellowship from the Xunta de Galicia.	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FEB	2011	24	2					295	302		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02165.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	706HI	WOS:000286208400007	21044208	Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Conrad, JL; Weinersmith, KL; Brodin, T; Saltz, JB; Sih, A				Conrad, J. L.; Weinersmith, K. L.; Brodin, T.; Saltz, J. B.; Sih, A.			Behavioural syndromes in fishes: a review with implications for ecology and fisheries management	JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY			English	Review						animal personality; behavioural correlation; behavioural type; exploration-avoidance; Gasterosteus aculeatus; shyness-boldness	ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; STICKLEBACKS GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOR; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ANIMAL PERSONALITY-TRAITS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES	This review examines the contribution of research on fishes to the growing field of behavioural syndromes. Current knowledge of behavioural syndromes in fishes is reviewed with respect to five main axes of animal personality: (1) shyness-boldness, (2) exploration-avoidance, (3) activity, (4) aggressiveness and (5) sociability. Compared with other taxa, research on fishes has played a leading role in describing the shy-bold personality axis and has made innovative contributions to the study of the sociability dimension by incorporating social network theory. Fishes are virtually the only major taxon in which behavioural correlations have been compared between populations. This research has guided the field in examining how variation in selection regime may shape personality. Recent research on fishes has also made important strides in understanding genetic and neuroendocrine bases for behavioural syndromes using approaches involving artificial selection, genetic mapping, candidate gene and functional genomics. This work has illustrated consistent individual variation in highly complex neuroendocrine and gene expression pathways. In contrast, relatively little work on fishes has examined the ontogenetic stability of behavioural syndromes or their fitness consequences. Finally, adopting a behavioural syndrome framework in fisheries management issues including artificial propagation, habitat restoration and invasive species, may promote restoration success. Few studies, however, have examined the ecological relevance of behavioural syndromes in the field. Knowledge of how behavioural syndromes play out in the wild will be crucial to incorporating such a framework into management practices.	[Conrad, J. L.; Weinersmith, K. L.; Saltz, J. B.; Sih, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Brodin, T.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Saltz, J. B.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mol & Computat Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA	Conrad, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	louiseconrad9@gmail.com		Brodin, Tomas/0000-0003-1086-7567	Interagency Ecological Program; Graduate Group in Ecology at the University of California, Davis; Swedish Research Council; Department of Defense	The authors thank R. Earley and members of his laboratory for their feedback on the section on potential neural mechanisms of behavioural syndromes. Comments from I. Ahnesjo and two anonymous reviewers on previous versions greatly improved the manuscript. J.L.C. and K.L.W. were supported by the Interagency Ecological Program, and K.L.W. also received a block fellowship from the Graduate Group in Ecology at the University of California, Davis. T. B. received support from a postdoctoral fellowship from the Swedish Research Council. J.B.S. was supported by the Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship.	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Fish Biol.	FEB	2011	78	2					395	435		10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02874.x				41	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	715MH	WOS:000286888100002	21284626				2019-02-21	
J	Griskevicius, V; Delton, AW; Robertson, TE; Tybur, JM				Griskevicius, Vladas; Delton, Andrew W.; Robertson, Theresa E.; Tybur, Joshua M.			Environmental Contingency in Life History Strategies: The Influence of Mortality and Socioeconomic Status on Reproductive Timing	JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						life history theory; reproductive timing; childhood development; socioeconomic status; mortality	EVOLUTIONARY-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY; BIOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY; PUBERTAL MATURATION; TERROR MANAGEMENT; DYING YOUNG; LIVING FAST; HUMANS; PERSPECTIVE; PERSONALITY; MOTIVES	Why do some people have children early, whereas others delay reproduction? By considering the trade-offs between using one's resources for reproduction versus other tasks, the evolutionary framework of life history theory predicts that reproductive timing should be influenced by mortality and resource scarcity. A series of experiments examined how mortality cues influenced the desire to have children sooner rather than later. The effects of mortality depended critically on whether people grew up in a relatively resource-scarce or resource-plentiful environment. For individuals growing up relatively poor, mortality cues produced a desire to reproduce sooner-to want children now, even at the cost of furthering one's education or career. Conversely, for individuals growing up relatively wealthy, mortality cues produced a desire to delay reproduction-to further one's education or career before starting a family. Overall, mortality cues appear to shift individuals into different life history strategies as a function of childhood socioeconomic status, suggesting important implications for how environmental factors can influence fertility and family size.	[Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Dept Mkt, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Delton, Andrew W.; Robertson, Theresa E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Tybur, Joshua M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Griskevicius, V (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Dept Mkt, 321 19th Ave S,Suite 3-150, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.	vladasg@umn.edu	Tybur, Joshua/P-5435-2014	Tybur, Joshua/0000-0002-0462-6508; Robertson, Theresa/0000-0001-8229-2323	NIH HHS [DP1 OD000516-05, DP1 OD000516]		Ackerman JM, 2006, PSYCHOL SCI, V17, P836, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01790.x; Aiken LS, 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION; Alexander Richard, 1987, BIOL MORAL SYSTEMS; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J., 2007, OXFORD HDB EVOLUTION, P237; Belsky J, 2009, PSYCHOL BULL, V135, P885, DOI 10.1037/a0017376; Bielby J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P748, DOI 10.1086/516847; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Buss DM, 1997, PSYCHOL INQ, V8, P22, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0801_3; CARETTA CM, 1995, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V57, P901, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00344-5; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Cohen S, 2004, PSYCHOSOM MED, V66, P553, DOI 10.1097/01.psy.0000126200.05189.d3; DAAN S, 1997, BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY; Daly M., 1988, HOMICIDE; Davis J, 2008, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V19, P426, DOI 10.1007/s12110-008-9052-2; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; Eibl-Eibesfeldt I, 1989, HUMAN ETHOLOGY; Ellis BJ, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P387, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387; Ellis BJ, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P303, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050157; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Fletcher G., 2006, EVOLUTION SOCIAL PSY, P189; Galobardes B, 2004, EPIDEMIOL REV, V26, P7, DOI 10.1093/expirev/mxh008; Geronimus AT, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF02732898; GREENBERG J, 1986, SPR S SOC P, P189; GRISKEVICIUS V, 2010, ENV CONTINGENC UNPUB; Griskevicius V, 2007, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V93, P85, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.85; Griskevicius V, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V91, P281, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.281; Griskevicius V, 2009, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V96, P980, DOI 10.1037/a0013907; Haselton MG, 2006, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V10, P47, DOI 10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_3; Hill K, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P397, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.397; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; Horn H. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol.	FEB	2011	100	2					241	254		10.1037/a0021082				14	Psychology, Social	Psychology	716HA	WOS:000286958500004	20873933	Green Accepted			2019-02-21	
J	Pujolar, JM; Bevacqua, D; Andrello, M; Capoccioni, F; Ciccotti, E; De Leo, GA; Zane, L				Pujolar, Jose Martin; Bevacqua, Daniele; Andrello, Marco; Capoccioni, Fabrizio; Ciccotti, Eleonora; De Leo, Giulio A.; Zane, Lorenzo			Genetic patchiness in European eel adults evidenced by molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling	MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION			English	Article						Adult eels; Anguilla anguilla; European eel; Genetic patchiness; Population dynamics modelling	LINKED MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; SARGASSO SEA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CAMARGUE LAGOONS; FRESH-WATER; GLASS EELS; MIGRATION; ATLANTIC; RECRUITMENT	Disentangling the demographic processes that determine the genetic structure of a given species is a fundamental question in conservation and management. In the present study, the population structure of the European eel was examined with a multidisciplinary approach combining the fields of molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling. First, we analyzed a total of 346 adult specimens of known age collected in three separate sample sites using a large panel of 22 EST-linked microsatellite loci. Second, we developed a European eel-specific model to unravel the demographic mechanisms that can produce the level of genetic differentiation estimated by molecular markers. This is the first study that reveals a pattern of genetic patchiness in maturing adults of the European eel. A highly significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples that did not follow an Isolation-by-Distance or Isolation-by-Time pattern. The observation of genetic patchiness in adults is likely to result from a limited parental contribution to each spawning event as suggested by our modelling approach. The value of genetic differentiation found is predicted by the model when reproduction occurs in a limited number of spawning events isolated from each other in time or space, with an average of 130-375 breeders in each spawning event. Unpredictability in spawning success may have important consequences for the life-history evolution of the European eel, including a bet-hedging strategy (distributing reproductive efforts over time) which could in turn guarantee successful reproduction of some adults. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Pujolar, Jose Martin; Zane, Lorenzo] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biol, I-35131 Padua, Italy; [Bevacqua, Daniele; De Leo, Giulio A.] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-43100 Parma, Italy; [Andrello, Marco] CNRS, UMR 5553, Lab Ecol Alpine LECA, F-38041 Grenoble, France; [Capoccioni, Fabrizio; Ciccotti, Eleonora] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Biol, I-00133 Rome, Italy	Pujolar, JM (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biol, Via G Colombo 3, I-35131 Padua, Italy.	martipujolar@gmail.com	Andrello, Marco/G-4197-2016; Zane, Lorenzo/G-6249-2010; Bevacqua, Daniele/D-9421-2012	Zane, Lorenzo/0000-0002-6963-2132; De Leo, Giulio/0000-0002-4186-3369; capoccioni, fabrizio/0000-0002-4752-6881	Italian Research Program; University of Padova [CPDA 085158/08]	This work has been funded by an Italian Research Program grant to LZ and by the University of Padova grant CPDA 085158/08 to LZ. We thank the CNR Lesina, the Parco Nazionale del Circeo and the Tiber fishermen for support in sampling.	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Phylogenet. Evol.	FEB	2011	58	2					198	206		10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.019				9	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	728QL	WOS:000287888700006	21129491	Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Bevacqua, D; Melia, P; De Leo, GA; Gatto, M				Bevacqua, Daniele; Melia, Paco; De Leo, Giulio A.; Gatto, Marino			Intra-specific scaling of natural mortality in fish: the paradigmatic case of the European eel	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Anguilla anguilla; Allometric theory; Density-dependent survival; Life history variation; Temperature scaling of vital rates	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; METABOLIC-RATE; BODY-SIZE; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGY; MODEL	Identifying factors and processes influencing natural mortality is fundamental to the understanding of population dynamics. Metabolic theory of ecology and experimental studies at the cross-species level suggest the existence of general patterns linking natural mortality to body mass and temperature. However, there is scant evidence that similar relationships also hold at the intra-specific scale, possibly because of the relatively narrow range of sizes and temperatures experienced by most species and the effect of local adaptation, which can obscure links between temperature and vital rates. In this sense, the European eel Anguilla anguilla, a panmictic species with a wide distribution range, provides a paradigmatic case. We compiled data published in the past 30 years on eel mortality during the continental phase of the life cycle for 15 eel stocks and calibrated a general model for mortality, considering the effects of body mass, temperature, stock density and gender. Estimated activation energy (E = 1.2 eV) was at the upper extreme reported for metabolic reactions. Estimated mortality rates (ranging between 0.02 year(-1) at 8A degrees C, low density and 0.47 year(-1) at 18A degrees C, high density for a body mass of 100 g) were appreciably lower than those of most fishes, most likely due to the exceptionally low energy-consuming metabolism of eel.	[Bevacqua, Daniele; De Leo, Giulio A.] Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, I-43100 Parma, Italy; [Melia, Paco; Gatto, Marino] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy	Bevacqua, D (reprint author), Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali, Viale Usberti 11-A, I-43100 Parma, Italy.	daniele.bevacqua@unipr.it	Gatto, Marino/D-9531-2012; Bevacqua, Daniele/D-9421-2012; Melia, Paco/E-8844-2012	Gatto, Marino/0000-0001-8063-9178; Melia, Paco/0000-0002-7763-9836; De Leo, Giulio/0000-0002-4186-3369	Italian Ministry of Research [2006054928, II04CE49G8]	We thank Fiorenza Micheli, David Cairns and two anonymous referees for useful comments on the manuscript draft and Simone Vincenzi for support in the statistical analyses. We are also grateful to Remigio Rossi, Leif Vollestad and Hakan Wickstrom for providing access to unpublished data. This work was supported by Italian Ministry of Research (PRIN project #2006054928 "An Integrated Approach to the Conservation and Management of the European Eel in the Mediterranean Region" and Interlink project #II04CE49G8).	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J	Bugmann, H; Bigler, C				Bugmann, Harald; Bigler, Christof			Will the CO2 fertilization effect in forests be offset by reduced tree longevity?	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Carbon storage; Climate change mitigation; Growth stimulation; Succession model; ForClim	CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ELEVATED CO2; GAP MODELS; TROPICAL FORESTS; GROWTH-RATES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CLIMATE GRADIENTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST	Experimental studies suggest that tree growth is stimulated in a greenhouse atmosphere, leading to faster carbon accumulation (i.e., a higher rate of gap filling). However, higher growth may be coupled with reduced longevity, thus leading to faster carbon release (i.e., a higher rate of gap creation). The net effect of these two counteracting processes is not known. We quantify this net effect on aboveground carbon stocks using a novel combination of data sets and modeling. Data on maximum growth rate and maximum longevity of 141 temperate tree species are used to derive a relationship between growth stimulation and changes in longevity. We employ this relationship to modify the respective parameter values of tree species in a forest succession model and study aboveground biomass in a factorial design of growth stimulation x reduced maximum longevity at multiple sites along a climate gradient from the cold to the dry treeline. The results show that (1) any growth stimulation at the tree level leads to a disproportionately small increase of stand biomass due to negative feedback effects, even in the absence of reduced longevity; (2) a reduction of tree longevity tends to offset the growth-related biomass increase; at the most likely value of reduced longevity, the net effect is very close to zero in most multi- and single-species simulations; and (3) when averaging the response across all sites to mimic a "landscape-level" response, the net effect is close to zero. Thus, it is important to consider ecophysiological responses with their linkage to demographic processes in forest trees if one wishes to avoid erroneous inference at the ecosystem level. We conclude that any CO2 fertilization effect is quite likely to be offset by an associated reduction in the longevity of forest trees, thus strongly reducing the carbon mitigation potential of temperate forests.	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J	Harvey, JA; Pashalidou, F; Soler, R; Bezemer, TM				Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Pashalidou, Foteini; Soler, Roxina; Bezemer, T. Martijn			Intrinsic competition between two secondary hyperparasitoids results in temporal trophic switch	OIKOS			English	Article							SOLITARY PARASITOID WASP; PHYSIOLOGICAL SUPPRESSION; LEPTOPILINA-HETEROTOMA; INSECT PARASITOIDS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; HOST DISCRIMINATION; APHYTIS-MELINUS; LYSIBIA-NANA; SUPERPARASITISM	Interspecific competition amongst parasitoids is important in shaping the evolution of life-history strategies in these insects as well as community structure. Competition for hosts may occur between adult female parasitoids ('extrinsic' competition) or their progeny ('intrinsic' competition). Here, we examined intrinsic competition between two solitary secondary hyperparasitoids, Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis in cocoons of a primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. Each species was allowed to sting hosts previously parasitized by the other at 24 h time intervals over the course of 144 h (6 days). When hosts were attacked simultaneously, neither species was dominant although the species to attack first won most encounters when it had a 24-48 h head start. However, after this time there was dramatic shift in the outcome with G. agilis dominating in all hosts > 72-h old, regardless of which species had parasitized C. glomerata first. G. agilis larvae, which initially had competed with L. nana for control of C. glomerata resources, began attacking the larvae of L. nana, whereas L. nana rejected hosts with older G. agilis larvae or pupae. Effects of multiparasitism also affected the development time and adult mass of the winning parasitoid. Our results reveal a shift in the trophic status of G. agilis from C. glomerata (in younger hosts) to L. nana (in older hosts), the first time such a phenomenon has been reported in parasitoids.	[Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Pashalidou, Foteini; Soler, Roxina; Bezemer, T. Martijn] Ctr Terr Ecol, Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, NL-6666 GA Heteren, Netherlands; [Pashalidou, Foteini; Soler, Roxina] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Entomol, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; [Bezemer, T. Martijn] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Nematol, NL-7600 ES Wageningen, Netherlands	Harvey, JA (reprint author), Ctr Terr Ecol, Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, Boterhoeksestr 48,POB 40, NL-6666 GA Heteren, Netherlands.	j.harvey@nioo.knaw.nlm	Harvey, Jeffrey/B-7439-2008; Bezemer, Martijn/A-4068-2009; Soler, Roxina/J-7820-2013	Harvey, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4227-7935; Bezemer, Martijn/0000-0002-2878-3479; 			BAI B, 1992, FUNCT ECOL, V6, P302, DOI 10.2307/2389521; Bernays EA, 2001, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V46, P703, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.703; Bezant E. 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J	Magwene, PM; Kayikci, O; Granek, JA; Reininga, JM; Scholl, Z; Murray, D				Magwene, Paul M.; Kayikci, Oemuer; Granek, Joshua A.; Reininga, Jennifer M.; Scholl, Zackary; Murray, Debra			Outcrossing, mitotic recombination, and life-history trade-offs shape genome evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article							POPULATION-GENETICS; BREEDING SYSTEMS; YEAST; MEIOSIS; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; CYCLE; CELL; HETEROZYGOSITY; FILAMENTATION	We carried out a population genomic survey of Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid isolates and find that many budding yeast strains have high levels of genomic heterozygosity, much of which is likely due to outcrossing. We demonstrate that variation in heterozygosity among strains is correlated with a life-history trade-off that involves how readily yeast switch from asexual to sexual reproduction under nutrient stress. This trade-off is reflected in a negative relationship between sporulation efficiency and pseudohyphal development and correlates with variation in the expression of RME1, a transcription factor with pleiotropic effects on meiosis and filamentous growth. Selection for alternate life-history strategies in natural versus human-associated environments likely contributes to differential maintenance of genomic heterozygosity through its effect on the frequency that yeast lineages experience sexual cycles and hence the opportunity for inbreeding. In addition to elevated levels of heterozygosity, many strains exhibit large genomic regions of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), suggesting that mitotic recombination has a significant impact on genetic variation in this species. This study provides new insights into the roles that both outcrossing and mitotic recombination play in shaping the genome architecture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study also provides a unique case where stark differences in the genomic distribution of genetic variation among individuals of the same species can be largely explained by a life-history trade-off.	[Magwene, Paul M.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA; Duke Univ, Inst Genome Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA; Duke Univ, Policy Ctr Syst Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA	Magwene, PM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA.	paul.magwene@duke.edu		Magwene, Paul/0000-0002-7659-2589; Granek, Joshua/0000-0003-3908-5016	National Science Foundation [MCB-0614959]; National Institutes of Health [P50GM081883-01]	We thank John McCusker, Ann Rouse, and Paul Sniegowski for providing strains. Joseph Heitman, John McCusker, Tom Petes, Greg Wray, and Cliff Zeyl provided feedback and advice. We thank the Duke University Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Sequencing Facility for the sequencing of genomic libraries. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	FEB 1	2011	108	5					1987	1992		10.1073/pnas.1012544108				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	714JA	WOS:000286804700046	21245305	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Bacelar, FS; White, A; Boots, M				Bacelar, Flora S.; White, Andrew; Boots, Mike			Life history and mating systems select for male biased parasitism mediated through natural selection and ecological feedbacks	JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						Life-history evolution; Male-biased parasitism; Adaptive dynamics; Evolution of disease resistance	POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; BATEMANS PRINCIPLE; EVOLUTION; DISEASE; RESISTANCE; IMMUNITY; HOSTS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE	tlsb-1%Males are often the 'sicker' sex with male biased parasitism found in a taxonomically diverse range of species. There is considerable interest in the processes that could underlie the evolution of sex-biased parasitism. Mating system differences along with differences in lifespan may play a key role. We examine whether these factors are likely to lead to male-biased parasitism through natural selection taking into account the critical role that ecological feedbacks play in the evolution of defence. We use a host-parasite model with two-sexes and the techniques of adaptive dynamics to investigate how mating system and sexual differences in competitive ability and longevity can select for a bias in the rates of parasitism. Male-biased parasitism is selected for when males have a shorter average lifespan or when males are subject to greater competition for resources. Male-biased parasitism evolves as a consequence of sexual differences in life-history that produce a greater proportion of susceptible females than males and therefore reduce the cost of avoiding parasitism in males. Different mating systems such as monogamy, polygyny or polyandry did not produce a bias in parasitism through these ecological feedbacks but may accentuate an existing bias. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Bacelar, Flora S.] IFISC CSIC UIB Inst Fis Interdisicplinar & Sistem, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; [White, Andrew] Heriot Watt Univ, Maxwell Inst Math Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland; [White, Andrew] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Math, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland; [Boots, Mike] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Bacelar, FS (reprint author), IFISC CSIC UIB Inst Fis Interdisicplinar & Sistem, Campus Univ Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.	florabacelar@ifisc.uib-csic.es; A.R.White@hw.ac.uk; m.boots@shef.ac.uk	Souza Bacelar, Flora/H-5665-2015	Souza Bacelar, Flora/0000-0002-1301-3092	Balaric Government [FIS200760327]; Royal Society of Edinburgh; Scottish Government; Leverhulme Trust Fellowship	Flora S. Bacelar acknowledges support from the Balaric Government, and from Spanish MICINN and FEDER through project FISICOS (FIS200760327) and to Emilio Hernandez-Garcia for reading the article and useful discussions. Andrew White is supported by a Royal Society of Edinburgh and Scottish Government Support Research Fellowship. Mike Boots is supported by a Leverhulme Trust Fellowship.	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Theor. Biol.	JAN 21	2011	269	1					131	137		10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.10.004				7	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	705XC	WOS:000286173000014	20946902				2019-02-21	
J	O'Connor, CM; Yick, CY; Gilmour, KM; Van Der Kraak, G; Cooke, SJ				O'Connor, Constance M.; Yick, Claire Y.; Gilmour, Kathleen M.; Van Der Kraak, Glen; Cooke, Steven J.			The glucocorticoid stress response is attenuated but unrelated to reproductive investment during parental care in a teleost fish	GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY			English	Article						Parental care; Parental investment; Cortisol; Androgens; Offspring age; Brood size; Offspring number; Brood manipulation	JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; BASS MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEUI; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; RAINBOW-TROUT; K-SELECTION; MODULATION; BEHAVIOR	We investigated whether circulating glucocorticoids and androgens are correlated with reproductive investment in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), a teleost fish with sole paternal care. Circulating cortisol and androgens prior to and 25 min following a standardized 3 min emersion stressor were quantified for non-reproductive and parental fish across the parental care period. To experimentally investigate the influence of reproductive investment on endocrine parameters, we manipulated brood size (reduced, enlarged, sham-treated, or unmanipulated) 24 h prior to sampling parental fish. We predicted that fish guarding offspring would exhibit increased androgens and baseline cortisol levels, and an attenuated cortisol response to the stressor when compared with non-reproductive individuals. We further predicted that these effects would scale with reproductive investment. As predicted, parental care-providing fish exhibited lower post-stress plasma cortisol concentrations than non-reproductive fish. This difference was strongest early during parental care. However, no differences in baseline or post-stress cortisol concentrations were detected among parents guarding offspring with varying brood sizes. There was, however, a trend for parental fish to exhibit an increased cortisol response following brood manipulation, regardless of the direction of change in brood size, a response that likely reflected disturbance. No differences were found in baseline cortisol concentrations. Circulating androgens were found to be highest during early parental care, and no differences were found among parents guarding manipulated broods. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the endocrine stress response is affected by reproductive status, but the response in this model species does not appear to be scaled according to reproductive investment as predicted by life-history theory. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[O'Connor, Constance M.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Yick, Claire Y.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Gilmour, Kathleen M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Van Der Kraak, Glen] Univ Guelph, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	O'Connor, CM (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.	coconno4@connect.carleton.ca	Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010	Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659	NSERC; Carleton University; Ontario Graduate Scholarship	All fish were sampled under an Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Scientific Collection Permit and handled in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. This research was supported by NSERC Discovery Grants to S.J.C., K.M.G., and G.V.D.K., and a Research Achievement Award from Carleton University to S.J.C. C.Y.Y. was supported by an NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award. C.M.O. was supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship, and by Carleton University. The authors wish to also thank members and friends of the Cooke Lab for assistance with fieldwork, particularly Jake Davis, Cody Dey, Emily Fobert, Eric Fontaine, Marie-Ange Gravel, Kyle Hanson, Sean Landsman, Sarah McConnachie, Rana Sunder, Alex Wilson, and Samantha Wilson. Particular thanks to Jacquie Matsumoto for her assistance with the testosterone assays.	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J	Grant, PR; Grant, BR				Grant, Peter R.; Grant, B. Rosemary			Causes of lifetime fitness of Darwin's finches in a fluctuating environment	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						El Nino; extrapair offspring; heterozygosity; opportunistic breeding	EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; SOCIALLY MONOGAMOUS PASSERINE; MATE CHOICE; GENETIC BENEFITS; OFFSPRING VIABILITY; SEYCHELLES WARBLER; HISTORY EVOLUTION; GEOSPIZA-FORTIS; TROPICAL BIRDS; SONG SPARROWS	The genetic basis of variation in fitness of many organisms has been studied in the laboratory, but relatively little is known of fitness variation in natural environments or its causes. Lifetime fitness (recruitment) may be determined solely by producing many offspring, modified by stochastic effects on their subsequent survival up to the point of breeding, or by an additional contribution made by the high quality of the offspring owing to non-random mate choice. To investigate the determinants of lifetime fitness, we measured offspring production, longevity, and lifetime number of mates in four cohorts of two long-lived species of socially monogamous Darwin's finch species, Geospiza fortis and G. scandens, on the equatorial Galapagos Island of Daphne Major. Regression analysis showed that the lifetime production of fledglings was predicted by lifetime number of clutches and that recruitment was predicted by lifetime number of fledglings and longevity. There was little support for a hypothesis of selective mating by females. The offspring sired by extrapair mates were no more fit in terms of recruitment than were half-sibs sired by social mates. These findings provide insight into the evolution of life history strategies of tropical birds. Darwin's finches deviate from the standard tropical pattern of a slow pace of life by combining tropical (long lifespan) and temperate (large clutch size) characteristics. Our study of fitness shows why this is so in terms of selective pressures (fledgling production and adult longevity) and ecological opportunities (pulsed food supply and relatively low predation).	[Grant, Peter R.; Grant, B. Rosemary] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA	Grant, PR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.	prgrant@princeton.edu			Charles Darwin Foundation; Galapagos National Parks Service; US National Science Foundation; Princeton University	We thank the many field assistants for their help; Lukas Keller, Nat Wheelright, and Jane Reid for discussion; and Michaela Hau, Dick Holmes, and Martin Wikelski for comments on the manuscript. We also thank the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galapagos National Parks Service for their support of our research. This work was funded by grants from the US National Science Foundation and Class of 1877 funds from Princeton University.	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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	JAN 11	2011	108	2					674	679		10.1073/pnas.1018080108				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	704ZU	WOS:000286097700047	21199941	Bronze, Green Published			2019-02-21	
J	Bornhofen, S; Barot, S; Lattaud, C				Bornhofen, S.; Barot, S.; Lattaud, C.			The evolution of CSR life-history strategies in a plant model with explicit physiology and architecture	ECOLOGICAL MODELLING			English	Article						Life-history strategies; Resource availability; Disturbance; Evolution; L-systems	ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS; GROWTH; TREE; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; COEXISTENCE; EFFICIENCY; DIVERSITY	This paper introduces a functional-structural plant model based on artificial life concepts and L-systems. This model takes into account realistic physiological rules, the architecture of the plants and their demography. An original benefit of this approach is that it allows the simulation of plant evolution at both functional and life-history levels implementing mutations to the L-systems and a set of genetic parameter values. The conducted experiments focus on the evolutionary emergence of different life history strategies in an environment with heterogeneous resource availability and disturbance frequency. It is found that, depending on the encountered conditions, the plants develop three major strategies classified as competitors, stress-tolerators and ruderals according to Grime's CSR theory. Most of the evolved characteristics comply with theoretical biology or field observations on natural plants. Besides these results, our modelling framework is highly flexible and many refinements can be readily implemented depending on the issues one intends to address. Moreover, the model can readily be used to address many questions at the interface between evolutionary ecology, plant functional and community ecologies and ecosystem ecology. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	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Model.	JAN 10	2011	222	1					1	10		10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.014				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	689YZ	WOS:000284968300001					2019-02-21	
J	Ohlberger, J; Langangen, O; Edeline, E; Olsen, EM; Winfield, IJ; Fletcher, JM; Ben James, J; Stenseth, NC; Vollestad, LA				Ohlberger, Jan; Langangen, Oystein; Edeline, Eric; Olsen, Esben Moland; Winfield, Ian J.; Fletcher, Janice M.; Ben James, J.; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn			Pathogen-induced rapid evolution in a vertebrate life-history trait	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						disease; life-history evolution; maturation reaction norm; pathogen; perch; size at maturation	PERCA-FLUVIATILIS L; REACTION NORMS; NATURAL-POPULATION; GENETIC CHANGE; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; MATURATION; WINDERMERE; SIZE	Anthropogenic factors, including climate warming, are increasing the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide. Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic parasites can have severe impacts on host survival, thereby altering the selection regime and inducing evolutionary responses in their hosts. Knowledge about such evolutionary consequences in natural populations is critical to mitigate potential ecological and economic effects. However, studies on pathogen-induced trait changes are scarce and the pace of evolutionary change is largely unknown, particularly in vertebrates. Here, we use a time series from long-term monitoring of perch to estimate temporal trends in the maturation schedule before and after a severe pathogen outbreak. We show that the disease induced a phenotypic change from a previously increasing to a decreasing size at maturation, the most important life-history transition in animals. Evolutionary rates imposed by the pathogen were high and comparable to those reported for populations exposed to intense human harvesting. Pathogens thus represent highly potent drivers of adaptive phenotypic evolution in vertebrates.	[Ohlberger, Jan; Langangen, Oystein; Stenseth, Nils Christian; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; [Edeline, Eric] UPMC Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7618, Lab Biogeochim & Ecol Milieux Continentaux, F-75230 Paris 05, France; [Olsen, Esben Moland] Inst Marine Res, N-4817 Flodevigen, His, Norway; [Winfield, Ian J.; Fletcher, Janice M.; Ben James, J.] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, Lancs, England	Ohlberger, J (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, CEES, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.	jan.ohlberger@bio.uio.no	Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016; Olsen, Esben/B-1894-2012; Winfield, Ian/I-6085-2012	Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399; Olsen, Esben/0000-0003-3807-7524; Winfield, Ian/0000-0001-9296-5114; Ohlberger, Jan/0000-0001-6795-240X; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn/0000-0002-9389-7982	Research Council of Norway; Natural Environment Research Council of the UK; Natural Environment Research Council [CEH010022]	We thank Leif Christian Stige and Geir Storvik for helpful statistical advice. Yannis Michalakis and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We are also grateful to the Freshwater Biological Association for their joint stewardship of the long-term Windermere data. This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway and the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK.	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J., 2007, RANDOMIZATION BOOTST; Mitchell SE, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P848, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00639.x; Muggeo VMR, 2008, R NEWS, V8, P20, DOI DOI 10.1159/000323281; Olsen E, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P811, DOI 10.1139/F05-065; Olsen EM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P932, DOI 10.1038/nature02430; Palumbi SR, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1786, DOI 10.1126/science.293.5536.1786; Paxton CGM, 1999, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V8, P78, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1999.tb00057.x; PICKERING AD, 1977, J FISH BIOL, V11, P349, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04128.x; PRICE PW, 1980, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; Reznick DN, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1934, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5308.1934; Swain DP, 2007, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V274, P1015, DOI 10.1098/rapb.2006.0275; The R Development Core Team, 2007, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Walsh MR, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P142, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00858.x; Wood CL, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P9335, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0700062104; Yoshida T, 2003, NATURE, V424, P303, DOI 10.1038/nature01767	44	22	22	1	40	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JAN 7	2011	278	1702					35	41		10.1098/rspb.2010.0960				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	684MU	WOS:000284554800006	20667871	Green Published, Bronze			2019-02-21	
S	Scalera, F		Ozsahin, M		Scalera, Francesco			Peugeot celebrates its 200 years of life. History, strategies, organisation and future prospects of the French car company. A comparison with Fiat Auto.	PROCEEDINGS OF 7TH INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE	Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences		English	Proceedings Paper	7th International Strategic Management Conference	JUN 30-JUL 02, 2011	Paris, FRANCE			Peugeot; Strategies; Internationalisation; Production; Fiat		The motor industry is suffering more than other sectors from the effects of the current international crisis with a widespread drop in sales affecting almost all the main world producers, due to two factors that can be described as follows. On one side, the shrinkage in family per capita income inducing the consumer to spend less on luxury goods (like cars); on the other one, the high upkeep of cars because of a sharp increase in the cost of fuel, of insurance as well as of road tax, particularly in some European countries (like Italy). In addition to this ruinous economic situation reducing the car producing companies' receipts, the high costs to be borne to renew the industrial plants in compliance with the environmental regulations as well as to design products that are able to meet the consumer's changing needs led motor companies to reorganise their competitive strategies with growing attention, as compared to the past, to a kind of strategy oriented to "innovation and flexibility", allowing the design of new high technology products that are environment-friendly and energy saving with low selling prices compared to the quality offered. In particular, these goals can be achieved by implementing such strategies as those pursued by some producers in recent years: significant mergers with other car companies aimed at combining their individual peculiarities in order to properly widen the range of products offered; production relocation to emerging countries in order to profit from low costs of raw materials and labour to minimise production costs; boosting research and development to design cars that are able to run with alternative energy sources; re-launching neglected brands through creative promotional campaigns that are likely to stir up new emotions in the consumer. As a result, the present work is mainly intended to analyse the strategic evolution of one of the most ancient motor companies on the international scene, namely Peugeot, to weigh up the situation, on the occasion of its bicentenary, about the innovative ideas brought into the market, the kind of organisational structure adopted within the company itself, as well as the future prospects of the transalpine firm. In particular, after a rapid historical survey of the firm, the paper is going to assess whether the strategic choices made are able to meet the above-mentioned successful factors, in order to assume the possible result that the new models suggested are likely to achieve on the consumer market. Afterwards, the most suitable organisational structure to be adopted to support the strategic choices made in the present market conditions will be examined; finally, the dissertation will end by comparing such internationalisation strategies with those implemented by the transalpine competitor, namely Fiat, in order to assume which of the two strategic choices could turn out to be the most performing one in the future.	[Scalera, Francesco] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, I-70122 Bari, Italy		roby_sca@virgilio.it					ANSA, 2011, PSA PEUG CITR IT WIL; Argyris C, 1995, HARVARD BUSINESS REV; Bartezzaghi E., 1994, IMPRESA; Benozzo A., 1995, SVILUPPO ORG; Bernardi G., 1996, SVILUPPO ORG; Bourassi N., 2010, PSA HAVE REACHED TUR; Brusa L., 1986, CORPORATE ORG STRUCT; Butera F., 1994, IMPRESA; Camussone P. F., 1985, INFORM SYSTEM CO; Cusumano Michael, 1985, JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE; De Pascale A., 2010, TERRA NEWS; Di Napoli A., 2010, SOLDIONLINE IT; Donna G, 1992, COMPETITIVE BUSINESS; Dubini P., 1991, SVILUPPO ORG; Fornovo L., 2010, STAMPA IT; Gemelli F., 2010, OMNIAUTO IT; Giorgi F., 2009, MOTORI IT; Golhar D, 1991, INT J PRODUCTION RES, V29; LOUBET J. L., 1995, CITROEN PEUGEOT RENA; Mijalkovic A., 2008, OSSERVATORIO BALCANI; Miolo Vitali P., 1993, CORPORATE DECISION M; Molinengo P., 2011, FIAT GROUPS CONSOLID; Mombelli M. T., 2011, BUSINESS PEOPLE; Montrone D., 2010, FIAT DOES MARCHIONNE; Nelson D., 1988, TAYLOR MANAGERIAL RE; Porter M., 1993, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAG; PRAHALAD CK, 1990, HARVARD BUSINESS REV; Scalera F, 2011, P BOOK 3 INT SCI C E, V2, P67; Sciarra F., 2010, AUTOBLOG IT; Tanca M., 2010, MOTO IT; Taylor W., 1969, SCI ORG WORK; Volpato G, 1996, FIAT CASE STRATEGY R	32	2	2	1	19	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	AMSTERDAM	SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	1877-0428			PROCD SOC BEHV			2011	24									10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.031				14	Management	Business & Economics	BYP57	WOS:000299617400105		Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Schummer, ML; Allen, RB; Wang, GM				Schummer, Michael L.; Allen, R. Bradford; Wang, Guiming			Sizes and Long-term Trends of Duck Broods in Maine, 1955-2007	NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST			English	Article							AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; RING-NECKED DUCKS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; WATERFOWL HARVESTS; WETLAND HABITAT; MALLARDS; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; BEAVER	Productivity is a primary parameter used in waterfowl population models; however, few long-term metrics of reproductive output exist for eastern North American waterfowl. We used 52 years of brood survey data from throughout Maine to determine mean Class III brood sizes for Lophodytes cucullatus (Hooded Merganser), Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard), Anas rubripes (American Black Duck), Aix sponsa (Wood Duck), Aythya collaris (Ring-necked Duck), and Bucephala clangula (Common Goldeneye). Using model selection with theoretic-information approaches, we also investigated effects of wetland type, mean ambient temperature during nesting and brood rearing, and year (1955-2007) on trends in brood sizes. Brood sizes declined throughout the survey period for American Black Ducks (-0.88 ducklings/brood), Wood Ducks (-0.91), Ring-necked Ducks (-1.75), and Common Goldeneyes (-1.45). Declines in brood sizes in Maine are consistent with that of other metrics of productivity (e.g., age ratios of harvested waterfowl) for breeding ducks in Maine and may be cause for concern, especially given that declines in brood sizes were observed across a range of species with highly disparate life-history strategies. Declines in age ratios of hunter-harvested ducks could be indicative of range-wide declines in productivity resulting from decreased breeding propensity, nest success, clutch size, or duckling survival. Our findings may suggest that declines in productivity observed in age ratios of hunter-harvested ducks are, at least in part, related to conditions during the breeding season. Thus, understanding factors influencing productivity on breeding grounds are of primary concern for long-term conservation of breeding waterfowl populations in Maine.	[Allen, R. Bradford] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA; [Schummer, Michael L.; Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA	Allen, RB (reprint author), Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, 650 State St, Bangor, ME 04401 USA.	brad.allen@maine.gov	Wang, Guiming/E-4582-2011	Wang, Guiming/0000-0001-5002-0120	Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW)	Waterfowl surveys were funded by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW). We thank MDIFW biologists conducting brood surveys, along with Pat Corr, Skip Spencer, (retired - MDIFW) and Howard Mendall (retired - USGS, now deceased) for their roles in coordinating Maine's survey efforts. We thank P. Corr, J. Longcore, D. McAuley, R. Kaminski, and students of the WF8212 class in the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries at Mississippi State University who provided helpful comments during the development of the manuscript. This paper has been approved for publication as FWRC Journal Article WF-277.	ANKNEY CD, 1987, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V51, P523, DOI 10.2307/3801262; Bates D., 2008, IME4 LINEAR MIXED EF; Bellrose F., 1980, DUCKS GEESE SWANS N; Bolduc F, 2008, WATERBIRDS, V31, P42, DOI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[42:CGBITE]2.0.CO;2; Browne DM, 2007, CONSERVING WATERFOWL; Burnham K. P, 2002, MODEL SELECTION MULT; Conroy M. 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Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS], 2008, WAT POP STAT 2008; US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 2007, AD HARV MAN 2007 HUN; US North American Bird Conservation Initiative Committee (USNABCIC), 2000, N AM BIRD CONS IN BI; *USFWS, 2007, MIGR BIRD HUNT ACT H; Widoff L., 1988, MAINE WETLANDS CONSE; Wilkins K.A., 2007, TRENDS BREEDING DUCK; WILLIAMS BK, 1995, WILDLIFE SOC B, V23, P430; Williams BK, 1996, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V60, P223, DOI 10.2307/3802220; Williams Jr. C.N., 2006, ORNLCDIAC118 HCN; Zimpfer NL, 2006, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V70, P947, DOI 10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[947:MOPRIA]2.0.CO;2	51	0	0	0	31	HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST	STEUBEN	PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA	1092-6194			NORTHEAST NAT	Northeast. Nat		2011	18	1					73	86		10.1656/045.018.0107				14	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	926JY	WOS:000302828500007					2019-02-21	
J	Lawler, RR				Lawler, Richard R.			Demographic Concepts and Research Pertaining to the Study of Wild Primate Populations	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						life cycle; population growth rate; behavioral ecology; life history; population genetics; conservation	MONKEYS MACACA-MULATTA; LIFE-HISTORY; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; NATURAL-SELECTION; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; RECAPTURE DATA; MATING SYSTEM; EVOLUTION	Demography is the study of individuals as members of a population. The dynamics of a population are determined by collectively analyzing individual schedules of survival, growth, and reproduction. Together, these schedules are known as the vital rates of the population. The vital rates, along with dispersal, contribute to population structure, which refers to how the population is organized by age, sex, density, and social groups. I briefly review the history of anthropological demography as it pertains to wild primates and then I discuss basic demographic concepts and approaches for studying wild primate populations. I then turn to demographic studies of wild primate demography. Primates are generally characterized by high adult survival probabilities relative to survival at other age/stage classes and most primate populations have population growth rates near equilibrium. Changes in adult survival have the greatest impact on population growth rate (i.e., fitness) relative to other demographic traits such as juvenile/yearling survival or age at first reproduction. I discuss how these demographic patterns, and others, connect to topics and issues in behavioral ecology, life history theory, population genetics, and conservation biology. These connections help reaffirm the fact that the vital rates are both targets and agents of evolutionary change. In this regard, demographic studies of wild primates provide a critical link between the proximate socioecological processes that operate in a species and the long-term phylogenetic patterns that characterize a species. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 54:63-85, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	James Madison Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA	Lawler, RR (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, MSC 7501,Sheldon Hall, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.	lawler.jmu@gmail.com			National Science Foundation [DBI 0305074, DEB 0531988, BCS 0820298]; Boston University	Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Grant number: DBI 0305074; Grant number: DEB 0531988; Grant number: BCS 0820298. Grant sponsor: Boston University.	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J	Abrams, ET; Miller, EM				Abrams, Elizabeth T.; Miller, Elizabeth M.			The Roles of the Immune System in Women's Reproduction: Evolutionary Constraints and Life History Trade-Offs	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						pregnancy; lactation; maternal effects; parent-offspring conflict	PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; INFANT-FEEDING PRACTICES; NORMAL MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS	Life history theory posits that, as long as survival is assured, finite resources are available for reproduction, maintenance, and growth/storage. To maximize lifetime reproductive success, resources are subject to trade-offs both within individuals and between current and future investment. For women, reproducing is costly and time-consuming; the bulk of available resources must be allocated to reproduction at the expense of more flexible systems like immune function. When reproducing women contract infectious diseases, the resources required for immune activation can fundamentally shift the patterns of resource allocation. Adding to the complexity of the reproductive-immune trade-offs in women are the pleiotropic effects of many immune factors, which were modified to serve key roles in mammalian reproduction. In this review, we explore the complex intersections between immune function and female reproduction to situate proximate immunological processes within a life history framework. After a brief overview of the immune system, we discuss some important physiological roles of immune factors in women's reproduction and the conflicts that may arise when these factors must play dual roles. We then discuss the influence of reproductive-immune trade-offs on the patterning of lifetime reproductive success: (1) the effect of immune activation/infectious disease on the timing of life history events; (2) the role of the immune system, immune activation, and infectious disease on resource allocation within individual reproductive events, particularly pregnancy; and (3) the role of the immune system in shaping the offspring's patterns of future life history trade-offs. We close with a discussion of future directions in reproductive immunology for anthropologists. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 54:134-154, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	[Abrams, Elizabeth T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA; [Miller, Elizabeth M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA	Abrams, ET (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.	eabrams@uic.edu		Miller, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5046-380X	Leakey Foundation; National Science Foundation [BCS-0750779]; Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research	Grant sponsor: The Leakey Foundation (EMM). Grant sponsor: The National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement; Grant number: BCS-0750779. Grant sponsor: Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (ETA).	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J. Phys. Anthropol.		2011	146			53			134	154		10.1002/ajpa.21621				21	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	908XR	WOS:000301526900008	22101690	Bronze			2019-02-21	
S	Lawler, RR		Sussman, RW		Lawler, Richard R.			Demographic Concepts and Research Pertaining to the Study of Wild Primate Populations	YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, VOL 54	Yearbook of Physical Anthropology		English	Article; Book Chapter						life cycle; population growth rate; behavioral ecology; life history; population genetics; conservation	MONKEYS MACACA-MULATTA; LIFE-HISTORY; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; NATURAL-SELECTION; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; RECAPTURE DATA; MATING SYSTEM; EVOLUTION	Demography is the study of individuals as members of a population. The dynamics of a population are determined by collectively analyzing individual schedules of survival, growth, and reproduction. Together, these schedules are known as the vital rates of the population. The vital rates, along with dispersal, contribute to population structure, which refers to how the population is organized by age, sex, density, and social groups. I briefly review the history of anthropological demography as it pertains to wild primates and then I discuss basic demographic concepts and approaches for studying wild primate populations. I then turn to demographic studies of wild primate demography. Primates are generally characterized by high adult survival probabilities relative to survival at other age/stage classes and most primate populations have population growth rates near equilibrium. Changes in adult survival have the greatest impact on population growth rate (i.e., fitness) relative to other demographic traits such as juvenile/yearling survival or age at first reproduction. I discuss how these demographic patterns, and others, connect to topics and issues in behavioral ecology, life history theory, population genetics, and conservation biology. These connections help reaffirm the fact that the vital rates are both targets and agents of evolutionary change. In this regard, demographic studies of wild primates provide a critical link between the proximate socioecological processes that operate in a species and the long-term phylogenetic patterns that characterize a species. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 54: 63-85, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	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S	Abrams, ET; Miller, EM		Sussman, RW		Abrams, Elizabeth T.; Miller, Elizabeth M.			The Roles of the Immune System in Women's Reproduction: Evolutionary Constraints and Life History Trade-Offs	YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, VOL 54	Yearbook of Physical Anthropology		English	Article; Book Chapter						pregnancy; lactation; maternal effects; parent-offspring conflict	PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; INFANT-FEEDING PRACTICES; NORMAL MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS	Life history theory posits that, as long as survival is assured, finite resources are available for reproduction, maintenance, and growth/storage. To maximize lifetime reproductive success, resources are subject to trade-offs both within individuals and between current and future investment. For women, reproducing is costly and time-consuming; the bulk of available resources must be allocated to reproduction at the expense of more flexible systems like immune function. When reproducing women contract infectious diseases, the resources required for immune activation can fundamentally shift the patterns of resource allocation. Adding to the complexity of the reproductive-immune trade-offs in women are the pleiotropic effects of many immune factors, which were modified to serve key roles in mammalian reproduction. In this review, we explore the complex intersections between immune function and female reproduction to situate proximate immunological processes within a life history framework. After a brief overview of the immune system, we discuss some important physiological roles of immune factors in women's reproduction and the conflicts that may arise when these factors must play dual roles. We then discuss the influence of reproductive-immune trade-offs on the patterning of lifetime reproductive success: (1) the effect of immune activation/infectious disease on the timing of life history events; (2) the role of the immune system, immune activation, and infectious disease on resource allocation within individual reproductive events, particularly pregnancy; and (3) the role of the immune system in shaping the offspring's patterns of future life history trade-offs. We close with a discussion of future directions in reproductive immunology for anthropologists. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 54: 134-154, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	[Abrams, Elizabeth T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA; [Miller, Elizabeth M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA	Abrams, ET (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.	eabrams@uic.edu					Abrams ET, 2011, AM ANTHROPOL, V113, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2011.01351.x; Abrams ET, 2009, AM J HUM BIOL, V21, P643, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20919; Aderem A, 1999, ANNU REV IMMUNOL, V17, P593, DOI 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.593; Adu F D, 1995, Afr J Med Med Sci, V24, P385; Ahima RS, 2000, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V62, P413, DOI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.413; Ahlstedt S, 1977, Ciba Found Symp, P115; Akira S, 2001, NAT IMMUNOL, V2, P675, DOI 10.1038/90609; Allen JE, 1997, IMMUNOL TODAY, V18, P387, DOI 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01102-X; Almqvist C, 2008, ALLERGY, V63, P47, DOI 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01524.x; Aluvihare VR, 2004, NAT IMMUNOL, V5, P266, DOI 10.1038/ni1037; Arifeen S, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, DOI 10.1542/peds.108.4.e67; ATHREYA BH, 1993, CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V66, P201, DOI 10.1006/clin.1993.1026; 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Phys. Anthropol.		2011	54						134	154		10.1002/ajpa.21621				21	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	BYT51	WOS:000300172400008		Bronze			2019-02-21	
J	Peters, RS				Peters, Ralph S.			Two ways of finding a host: A specialist and a generalist parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Pteromalidae; Nasonia vitripennis; Dibrachys microgastri; parasitic wasps; specialist; generalist; locomotor activity; laboratory experiments; parasitoid life history traits; host finding; olfactory cues	NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS HYMENOPTERA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; WASP NASONIA; WALKER; POPULATIONS; VOLATILES; FLIES; DISCRIMINATION; OLFACTOMETER; ATTRACTION	Two closely related parasitoid wasp species with different host specificities were used for experimental studies on the biology of host finding, a crucial element of parasitoid life history: The habitat and host specialist Nasonia vitripennis and the habitat and host generalist Dibrachys microgastri (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). The host finding parameters tested included reaction to olfactory cues, aspects of locomotor activity, ability to locate hidden hosts and day-night-activity. The results revealed distinct interspecific differences that match the respective host and habitat ranges of the two species. In N. vitripennis host finding is dominated by olfactory reaction to hosts and host habitat, i.e., fly puparia and birds' nests. In D. microgastri olfactory cues have only a minor role. Its host finding is characterized by rapid searching at random. Both species are able to locate hidden hosts. Although still incomplete, these insights into host finding by two parasitoid species with different life history strategies indicate they can be characterized by specific combinations of behavioural host finding features.	Zool Forsch Museum Alexander Koenig, D-53113 Bonn, Germany	Peters, RS (reprint author), Zool Forsch Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.	r.peters@zfmk.de	徐, 登兰/H-5357-2011				ABRAHAM R, 1985, ENTOMOL GEN, V10, P121; Abraham Rudolf, 2008, Vogelwarte, V46, P195; BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J R STAT SOC B, V57, P289; Boone CK, 2008, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V37, P150, DOI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[150:PADPEV]2.0.CO;2; BOUCHARD Y, 1985, J CHEM ECOL, V11, P801, DOI 10.1007/BF00988307; Chuche J, 2006, J CHEM ECOL, V32, P2721, DOI 10.1007/s10886-006-9195-8; EDWARDS RL, 1954, BEHAVIOUR, V7, P88, DOI 10.1163/156853955X00049; Floate K, 1999, CAN ENTOMOL, V131, P347, DOI 10.4039/Ent131347-3; Gadau J, 1999, GENETICS, V153, P1731; Garcia LV, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P553, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.011; Geervliet JBF, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V124, P55, DOI 10.1007/s004420050024; Godfray HCJ, 1994, PARASITOIDS BEHAV EV; Grassberger M, 2004, J MED ENTOMOL, V41, P511, DOI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.511; Grillenberger BK, 2008, MOL ECOL, V17, P2854, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03800.x; Hedlund K, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P390, DOI 10.2307/3545929; HOEBEKE ER, 1988, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V81, P493, DOI 10.1093/aesa/81.3.493; Hoffmeister TS, 2001, ECOL ENTOMOL, V26, P487, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00349.x; Jones R.L., 1986, P149; King BH, 2007, CAN ENTOMOL, V139, P678; King BH, 2000, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V29, P927, DOI 10.1603/0046-225X-29.5.927; LaSalle J., 1991, Redia, V74, P315; Lynch JA, 2010, DEVELOPMENT, V137, P3813, DOI 10.1242/dev.054213; Norusis M, 2008, SPSS 17 0 GUIDE DATA; Noyes J. 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Entomol.		2011	108	4					565	573		10.14411/eje.2011.073				9	Entomology	Entomology	826FF	WOS:000295336700009		Other Gold			2019-02-21	
J	Lordelo, ED; Seidl-de-Moura, ML; Vieira, ML; Bussab, VSR; Oliva, AD; Tokumaru, RS; Britto, RCS				Lordelo, Eulina da Rocha; Seidl-de-Moura, Maria Lucia; Vieira, Mauro Luis; Raad Bussab, Vera Silvia; Oliva, Angela Donato; Tokumaru, Rosana Suemi; Souza Britto, Regina Celia			Environment of Development and the Start of Brazilian Women's Reproductive Life	PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA			Portuguese	Article						Evolutionary Psychology; Life History Theory; Reproductive life; Pubertal Timing/Menarche	FATHER ABSENCE; PUBERTAL MATURATION; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SEXUAL-MATURATION; LONGITUDINAL TEST; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; EARLY MENARCHE; TWIN FAMILIES; AGE; MODEL	Several models inspired by the life history theory have assessed the patterns of human reproduction in developed countries with promising but inconclusive results. Considering the diversity of life conditions in Brazil, we investigated the relationship between the time of main events in female reproductive life, environmental conditions and psychosocial variables related to child-rearing. We interviewed 606 women in six different states in Brazil. Results corroborate the life history theory, showing associations among the investigated factors, especially between life conditions during childhood and the beginning of sexual life and reproduction, but not to sexual maturity. We suggest that landmarks in reproductive life, although related, can be under the influence of several phenomena. Diversity of life conditions in Brazil offers alternative contexts to hypotheses testing.	[Lordelo, Eulina da Rocha] Univ Fed Bahia, Fac Filosofia & Ciencias Humanas, Dept Psicol, BR-40210909 Salvador, BA, Brazil; [Seidl-de-Moura, Maria Lucia; Oliva, Angela Donato] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; [Vieira, Mauro Luis] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; [Raad Bussab, Vera Silvia] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; [Oliva, Angela Donato] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; [Tokumaru, Rosana Suemi] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil; [Souza Britto, Regina Celia] Fed Univ Para, BR-66059 Belem, Para, Brazil	Lordelo, ED (reprint author), Univ Fed Bahia, Fac Filosofia & Ciencias Humanas, Dept Psicol, Rua Estr Sao Lazaro 197, BR-40210909 Salvador, BA, Brazil.	eulina@ufba.br; mlseidl@gmail.com; maurolvieira@gmail.com; vsbussab@gmail.com; angeladonatoliva@uol.com.br; tokumaru@usp.br; rcsb@uol.com.br		Bussab, Vera/0000-0002-3374-2890			Anderson CA, 2007, BEHAV GENET, V37, P668, DOI 10.1007/s10519-007-9163-2; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P682, DOI 10.2307/1131169; Belsky J, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1302, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x; Blell M, 2008, J BIOSOC SCI, V40, P563, DOI 10.1017/S0021932007002696; Bogaert AF, 2008, J BIOSOC SCI, V40, P623, DOI 10.1017/S0021932007002386; Chisholm JS, 1999, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V10, P51, DOI 10.1007/s12110-999-1001-1; DANKERHOPFE H, 1986, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V29, P81; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Dunbar J, 2008, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V98, P1822, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.120444; Ellis BJ, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P387, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P485, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00159; Ellis BJ, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1799, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01092.x; GAGE TB, 1989, HUMAN POPULATION BIO, P45; GRABER JA, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P823, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.823; Graham MJ, 1999, J BIOSOC SCI, V31, P257, DOI 10.1017/S0021932099002576; Hoier S, 2003, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V14, P209, DOI 10.1007/s12110-003-1004-2; *I BRAS GEOGR EST, 2009, PIB CAP 2003; *I BRAS GEOGR EST, 2009, CENS 2000; Kanazawa S, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P329, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00073-3; Kaplan H. 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Assoc. Med. Bras., V49, P429, DOI 10.1590/S0104-42302003000400036; Wu TJ, 2002, PEDIATRICS, V110, P752, DOI 10.1542/peds.110.4.752	44	0	0	0	4	UNIV FEDERAL RIO GRANDE SUL	PORTO ALEGRE RS	INST PSICOLOGIA, PPG EM PSICOLOGIA DA UFRGS, RUA RAMIRO BARCELOS 2600, PORTO ALEGRE RS, 90035-003, BRAZIL	0102-7972			PSICOL-REFLEX CRIT	Psicol.-Reflex. Crit.	JAN-MAR	2011	24	1					116	125						10	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	807EW	WOS:000293878900014		DOAJ Gold			2019-02-21	
B	Gangestad, SW		Booth, A; McHale, SM; Landale, NS		Gangestad, Steven W.			Human Adaptations for Mating: Frameworks for Understanding Patterns of Family Formation and Fertility	BIOSOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF FAMILY PROCESSES	National Symposium on Family Issues		English	Proceedings Paper	17th Annual Penn State Symposium on Family Issues	OCT 08-09, 2009	Penn State Univ, Univ Park Campus, PA	Populat Res Inst, Children Youth & Families Cnsortium, Prevent Res Ctr, Womens Studies Program, Dept Sociol, Labor Studies & Employment Relat, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Dept Anthropology & Psychol, Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev	Penn State Univ		HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX GENES; WOMENS SEXUAL INTERESTS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CROSS-CULTURAL SAMPLE; SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MATE PREFERENCES; OVULATORY CYCLE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BALANCING SELECTION	Reproductive and mating systems vary substantially across modern and traditional human societies. A variety of conceptual tools may be required to explain this variation. This chapter discusses an explanatory framework based on the notion of evoked culture. Evoked cultural differences emerge when behavioral expression of an adaptation is contingent on environmental conditions, such that the behavior of groups exposed to different conditions consequently differs. This chapter has a number of components. First, it offers a brief primer of adaptationist concepts and methodologies within evolutionary biology. Second, it discusses how these methodologies have been used to infer particular adaptations underlying human mating. Third, it examines how some adaptations may have been shaped by selection to be expressed contingently, giving rise to variation. Finally, limitations and potentially useful applications of the evoked culture concept (e.g., illustrated by effects of the contraceptive pill on women's mate choice) are discussed.	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