Originally published: 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2233046 This version: 4 Version publication date: 2019-02-14 ******************* GENERAL INFORMATION ******************* 1. TITLE Data package for modeling the journey of Colonel William Leake in the southern Mani Peninsula, Greece, using least-cost analysis 2. AUTHOR INFORMATION Principal Investigator: Dr. Rebecca M. Seifried Institute for Mediterranean Studies (FORTH) Rethymno, Greece rmseifried@ims.forth.gr rmseifried@gmail.com (permanent) Co-Investigator: Dr. Chelsea A.M. Gardner University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu, HI, USA cg44@hawaii.edu 3. DESCRIPTION Data used to model Colonel William Leake's journey in the southern Mani Peninsula, Greece, in the year 1805. Leake's journey is described in the book, 'Travels in the Morea: Volume I' (Leake 1830, pp. 233-321). The data may be used to calculate least-cost paths between the places where Leake stopped, taking into consideration the contemporary path network and calculating cost in time based on Tobler's hiking function and the Modified Tobler function. 4. DATA COLLECTION Dr. Rebecca M. Seifried mapped the pre-modern paths as part of a PhD dissertation completed in 2016 through the Department of Anthropology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, entitled 'Community Organization and Imperial Expansion in a Rural Landscape: The Mani Peninsula, Greece (AD 1000-1821)' (https://indigo.uic.edu/handle/10027/21274). Fieldwork was conducted in 2014 and 2016 under the auspices of the 5th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities in Sparta and in collaboration with the Diros Project, an archaeological survey and excavation co-directed by Dr. Giorgos Papathanassopoulos and Dr. Anastasia Papathanasiou through the Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology & Speleology of Southern Greece. The remaining datasets were created in collaboration with Dr. Chelsea A.M. Gardner as part of the 'CART-ography Project: Cataloguing Ancient Routes and Travels in the Mani Peninsula,' whose goal is to catalogue the historic accounts of travelers to Mani and to model their routes throughout the peninsula. 5. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF DATA COLLECTION Mani Peninsula, Peloponnese, Greece 6. FUNDING SOURCES This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (BCS-1346694), Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 750843), the DigitalGlobe Foundation, the National Cadastre and Mapping Agency, SA (Ktimatologio), ArchaeoLandscapes Europe, the University of Illinois at Chicago, the Society of Women Geographers, the Archaeological Institute of America, and Mount Allison University. ****************************** SHARING AND ACCESS INFORMATION ****************************** 1. LICENSES This data package is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. 2. LINKS TO PUBLICATIONS USING THIS DATA A paper interpreting these data, ÔReconstructing Historical Journeys with Least-Cost Analysis: Colonel William Leake in the Mani Peninsula, Greece,Õ is published in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.01.014. 3. DATA DERIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES The files VF_Tobler.txt and VF_ModTobler.txt were built following the online workshop on least-cost analysis by N. Tripcevich (http://mapaspects.org/book/export/html/3743) [accessed 2018-12-12]. 4. RECOMMENDED CITATION Seifried, Rebecca M. and Chelsea A.M. Gardner (2018). Data package for modeling the journey of Colonel William Leake in the southern Mani Peninsula, Greece, using least-cost analysis [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2233046 ********************** DATA AND FILE OVERVIEW ********************** 1. FILE LIST A. Leake_LCP_model Format: KMZ and SHP (in zipped folder) Polyline geodata of a potential model of Colonel Leake's route through the southern Mani peninsula in 1805 using outputs from least-cost analysis. The model represents the authors' interpretation of Leake's most likely route based on multiple iterations of least-cost analysis and a comparison with the waypoints (see Leake_waypoints.csv) and topography described in his account (Leake 1830). START is the starting waypoint. STOP is the stopping waypoint. LEG is the segment of Leake's journey, from 1 to 19. PROCEDURE is the method used to generate the least-cost path. LENGTH is the length of the line in meters. The lines were smoothed using the PAEK algorithm with a smoothing tolerance of 100 meters with the Esri ArcGIS "Smooth Line" tool prior to calculating length. See "LINKS TO PUBLICATIONS USING THIS DATA" above for more information about how the model was generated. Geographic Coordinate System: WGS84 (decimal degree). B. Leake_waypoints.csv Coordinates of 18 waypoints where Leake stopped during his journey in the southern Mani peninsula, according to his account (Leake 1830). WAYPOINT NUMBER represents the order in which Leake visited each point, from 1 to 17. Leake did not stop at Point 0 (Karyoupoli), but he passed it while traveling between points 8 (Skoutari) and 9 (Areopoli). It may be used as an intermediate point when conducting least-cost analysis. Geographic Coordinate System: WGS84 (decimal degree). C. Premodern_paths Format: KMZ and SHP (in zipped folder) Polyline geodata of the pre-modern route network in the southern Mani peninsula, mapped by Dr. Rebecca M. Seifried through a combination of remotely sensed imagery analysis and ground-truthing reconnaissance. TYPE indicates one of two categories: "path" is a walled footpath with a dirt or gravel bed, and "kalderimi" is a stone-paved built road (walled or unwalled). The type reflects the author's best determination of the form of the road before modern paving activity began in the 20th century. Modern roads are not included. DATA SOURCES consulted during the digital mapping were: (a) DigitalGlobe (2011) = 50-cm resolution WorldView-2 and QuickBird imagery dated to September 2011 courtesy the DigitalGlobe Foundation, (b) Google Earth, (c) Ground-truthing = field visits carried out in 2014Ð2016, (d) GYS = historical aerial photographs purchased from the Geographiki Ipiresia Stratou (Hellenic Military Geographical Service) from the dates 1945 (1:42,000), 1967 (1:15,000), and 1973 (1:40,000), (e) Kaloyirou 2005 = publication, see References below, (f) Ktimatologio (2006?) = 50-cm orthoimagery of unverified date courtesy the National Cadastre and Mapping Agency, SA. Geographic Coordinate System: WGS84 (decimal degree). D. VF_ModTobler.txt A look-up table with time (hr/m) for each change in slope (degrees) based on the Modified Tobler hiking function (M‡rquez-PŽrez et al. 2017). The original function was modified for use in Excel. The table may be used in a least-cost analysis in GIS software to calculate total accumulated cost in hours from point A to point B. Original formula: W = 4.8 x e(-5.3 x ABS((S x 0.7) + 0.03))) where W is the walking velocity in km/hr and S is the mathematical slope Modified Excel formula: T = 0.000208333 x e(5.3 x ABS(TAN(RADIANS(S x 0.7)) + 0.03)) where T is the time in hr/m and S is the slope in degrees E. VF_Tobler.txt A look-up table with time (hr/m) for each change in slope (degrees) based on Tobler's hiking function (Tobler 1993). The original function was modified for use in Excel. The table may be used in a least-cost analysis in GIS software to calculate total accumulated cost in hours from point A to point B. Original formula: W = 6 x e(-3.5 x ABS(S + 0.05)) where W is the walking velocity in km/hr and S is the mathematical slope Modified Excel formula: T = 0.000166666 x e(3.5 x ABS(TAN(RADIANS(S)) + 0.05)) where T is the time in hr/m and S is the slope in degrees 2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FILES Refer to the final publication (see "LINKS TO PUBLICATIONS USING THIS DATA" above) for the methodology for using these data in a least-cost analysis. The file "Leake_LCP_model.kmz" is the final interpretive model of Leake's route in the southern Mani peninsula, based on the authors' reading of his account and assessment of multiple least-cost iterations. 3. ADDITIONAL DATA NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA PACKAGE A digital elevation model (DEM) is not supplied. The 5-meter resolution DEM used in our study can be obtained from the National Cadastre and Mapping Agency, SA (Ktimatologio) in Greece, or roughly 30-meter SRTM1 data can be acquired for free from online sources. ********** REFERENCES ********** Kaloyirou, Antonis. 2005. Perpatontas stin Ellada: Ta Monopatia tis Mesa Manis (Hiking in Greece: The Footpaths of Inner Mani). Adouloti Mani, Areopoli. Leake, William Martin. 1830. Travels in the Morea: With a Map and Plans. Vol. 1. John Murray, London. Marquez-Perez, Joaquin, Ismael Vallejo-Villalta, and Jose I. Alvarez-Francoso. 2017. Estimated travel time for walking trails in natural areas. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 117(1):53-62. DOI:10.1080/00167223.2017.1316212. Tobler, Waldo. 1993. Three Presentations on Geographical Analysis and Modeling: Non-Isotropic Modeling, Speculations on the Geometry of Geography, Global Geographical Analysis. Unpublished Technical Report. University of California, Santa Barbara. Tripcevich, N. 2009. Workshop 2009, No. 1 - Viewshed and Cost Distance. http://mapaspects.org/book/export/html/3743, accessed 2018-12-12.