UTILIZATION OF WASTE LIVING CUTTLE COW IN SUPPORTING CORN AGROINDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT.

Muji Paramuji 1 , Suprihatin 2 , Titi Candra Sunarti 2 and Sukardi 2 . 1. Doctoral Student Study Program in Agricultural Industry Technology, Graduate School – IPB. 2. Agricultural Industrial Technology Study Program, IPB Dramaga Campus IPB 16682 Bogor. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................... Manuscript History Received: 16 October 2018 Final Accepted: 18 November 2018 Published: December 2018

Corn agroindustry still faces problems, especially the availability of fertilizer. The solution that can be taken is to integrate corn plants with beef cattle. Farmers use livestock manure as organic fertilizer for their crops, then utilize corn waste as animal feed. The purpose of this study is to engineer traditional/commercial beef cattle waste processing into compost. Research on compost using the anaerobic composting system with treatments T 1 , T 2 , C 1 and C 2 (4 kg of traditional/commercial beef cattle waste mixed with an EM4 solution with a concentration of 5 ml and 10 ml / l water). Compost material is stirred evenly, put in hollow polybags on a sealed plastic bucket, fermented for 40 days and reversed every 3 days. Ripe compost is dried in the hot sun while being flipped dry (no later than three days). Dry compost is finely ground (40-60 mesh), packaged and tested parameters include yield, water content (Oven), pH (Potentiometry), organic C (Gravimetric), total N-level (Volumetry), total P 2 O 5 (Spectrophotometry), K 2 O (AAS), C/N ratio. The data obtained are presented descriptively. The results showed the performance of EM4 10 ml/l of water is better than 5 ml/l of water because it can accelerate the composting process. The C 2 treatment produced compost with a yield of 21.91%, water content 10.07%, pH 8.98, P 2 O 5 1.79%, K 2 O 1.54%, organic C 37.50%, N total 1.80% and C/N ratio 20.83 which are more in accordance with SNI quality standards.

Introduction:-
In integrated agroindustry models, farmers overcome the problem of availability of fertilizers by utilizing beef cattle waste. Farmers use livestock manure as organic fertilizer for their crops, then use agricultural waste as animal feed (Ismail and Djajanegara 2004). From the results of Wahyuni's research (2010), data have been obtained that solid dung and cow urine are approximately 25 kg/head/ day, livestock urine containing N ± 10 grams/ liter mostly in the form of urea.
Compost is an environmentally friendly organic fertilizer that is important to improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil so that it can enrich nutrients that can spur plant growth (Handayani, 2009, Priadi andErmayanti, 2014). The purpose of this study is to engineer traditional/commercial beef cattle waste processing into compost in supporting the development of integrated corn agroindustry.

Research Methods:-Time and Place:-
This research was conducted in the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Islamic University of North Sumatra for approximately 3 months from June 1 to September 30,2014, covering preparation, data collection and report preparation.

Materials and Tools:-
The materials used in this study include solid/ liquid commercial / traditional beef cattle waste taken from beef cattle farmers around Deli Serdang Regency, water, EM4.

Figure 1:-Compost raw material
The equipment used in this study included 18 kg plastic buckets, polybag, tissue, label paper, plastic packaging, compost cutting machines, greenhouses, scales, ovens, and other analytical tools.

Method
Research on composting with the anaerobic composting system. Composting is done in steps: T 1 = 4 kg of mixed beef cattle wastewith an EM4 solution concentration of 5 ml/l of water T 2 = 4 kg of mixed beef cattle wastewith an EM4 solution concentration of 10 ml/l water C 1 = 4 kg of mixed beef cattle waste with an EM4 solution concentration of 5 ml/l of water C 2 = 4 kg of mixed beef cattle waste with an EM4 solution concentration of 10 ml/l water The stirred compost material is put into a hollow polybag in a sealed plastic bucket. Every 3 days checked and reversed. It is estimated that after 40 days the compost is ripe, and during the decomposition process does not give off a foul odor, even the aroma emitted is typical of aroma fermentation. Next, the compost is dried in the hot sun while being turned back to dry (no later than three days). Dry compost is finely ground (40-60 mesh), packaged and tested for parameters.

Results And Discussion:-
The results showed that the performance of EM4 activator at a concentration of 10 ml / l of water was better than 5 ml / l of water because it can accelerate the composting process and produce compost that has met the requirements of quality standards for organic fertilizers from SNI. From Table 1, it can be explained that in general the treatment of compost material shows differences with SNI quality standards, although there are some treatments that show higher values of SNI quality standards such as pH and organic C.
During the composting process the brownish color changes to dark brown, at the end of the composting process the color turns brownish black due to the formation of humic acid. In addition to discoloration, compost also emits a smell that resembles acidic odor/ fermentation. The highest compost yield on C 1 . The decomposition process in treatment C 1 depends on the ingredients used, wherein the material, cellulose is easier to decompose than lignin. Depreciation of compost material in material formulations due to composting takes place during the decomposition process of compost material by microorganisms that convert organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, hummus,and energy. This is in accordance with the explanation of Wahyono et al. (, 2011), that the final depreciation of mature compost is around 50-75% of the initial weight of compost.
The water content of compost from all treatments has met the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard with <50% moisture content. The water content of compost is obtained from the decomposition of organic matter into carbon dioxide, water vapor and compost (Arumsari et al., 2012).
Compost pH of all treatments did not meet SNI 19-7030-2004 standard, namely pH. This is due to the use of waste from beef cattle containing high-based ingredients such as concentrates and vitamins, especially commercial beef cattle waste. P 2 O 5 in compost can be caused by the amount of phosphorus contained in the raw materials used and the number of microorganisms in the composting process. All treatments to produce compost are mature and stable and meet SNI 19-7030-2004, namely P 2 O 5 levels of more than 0.1%. As stated by Miftahul (2003) that the high and low phosphorus content in compost may be due to a large amount of phosphorus contained in the raw materials used and the number of microbes involved in composting Testing of K 2 O levels from all treatments is quite high, exceeding what is required by SNI 19-7030-2004, which is more than 0.2%. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that the addition of EM4 as an activator material on compost affects the levels of K 2 O. Potassium is used by microorganisms in the substrate material as a catalyst, with the presence of bacteria and its activity will greatly affect the decrease in potassium content. This is according to Agustina (2004) statement, that potassium is a compound produced by microbial metabolism, where microbes use free K + ions present in fertilizer raw materials for metabolic purposes.
Analysis of C-organic from all compost treatments exceeds that required by SNI 19-7030-2004 which is more than 30%. The high organic compost C is because beef cattle waste contains high carbon from feed ingredients in the form of corn