PT	AU	BA	BE	GP	AF	BF	CA	TI	SO	SE	BS	LA	DT	CT	CY	CL	SP	HO	DE	ID	AB	C1	RP	EM	RI	OI	FU	FX	CR	NR	TC	Z9	U1	U2	PU	PI	PA	SN	EI	BN	J9	JI	PD	PY	VL	IS	PN	SU	SI	MA	BP	EP	AR	DI	D2	EA	EY	PG	WC	SC	GA	UT	PM	OA	HC	HP	DA
J	Kamilar, JM; Bribiescas, RG; Bradley, BJ				Kamilar, Jason M.; Bribiescas, Richard G.; Bradley, Brenda J.			Is group size related to longevity in mammals?	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						lifespan; senescence; life history; predation; sociality	PARASITE SPECIES RICHNESS; NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGY; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; METABOLISM; SOCIALITY; SELECTION	Life-history theory predicts that reduced extrinsic risk of mortality should increase species longevity over evolutionary time. Increasing group size should reduce an individual's risk of predation, and consequently reduce its extrinsic risk of mortality. Therefore, we should expect a relationship between group size and maximum longevity across species, while controlling for well-known correlates of longevity. We tested this hypothesis using a dataset of 253 mammal species and phylogenetic comparative methods. We found that group size was a poor predictor of maximum longevity across all mammals, as well as within primates and rodents. We found a weak but significant group-size effect on artiodactyl longevity, but in a negative direction. Body mass was consistently the best predictor of maximum longevity, which may be owing to lower predation risk and/or lower basal metabolic rates for large species. Artiodactyls living in large groups may exhibit higher rates of extrinsic mortality because of being more conspicuous to predators in open habitats, resulting in shorter lifespans.	[Kamilar, Jason M.; Bribiescas, Richard G.; Bradley, Brenda J.] Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Kamilar, Jason M.; Bradley, Brenda J.] Yale Univ, Yale Mol Anthropol Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Bribiescas, Richard G.] Yale Univ, Yale Reprod Ecol Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA	Kamilar, JM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	jason.kamilar@yale.edu	Kamilar, Jason/E-1990-2011	Kamilar, Jason/0000-0001-6082-9396	Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D010020/1]		Alexander R.D., 1974, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V5, P325, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545; Altizer S, 2003, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V34, P517, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.030102.151725; AUSTAD SN, 1991, J GERONTOL, V46, pB47, DOI 10.1093/geronj/46.2.B47; Beauchamp G, 2010, BIOL LETTERS, V6, P42, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0691; Bininda-Emonds ORP, 2007, NATURE, V446, P507, DOI 10.1038/nature05634; Blumstein DT, 2008, BIOL LETTERS, V4, P146, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0606; Blumstein DT, 2006, ANIM BEHAV, V71, P389, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.010; Burnham K.P., 2003, MODEL SELECTION MULT; Clutton-Brock T, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P69, DOI 10.1126/science.296.5565.69; Ebensperger LA, 2006, BEHAV ECOL, V17, P410, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arj048; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; Gaillard JM, 2003, POPUL DEV REV, V29, P39; GAILLARD JM, 1989, OIKOS, V56, P59, DOI 10.2307/3566088; GARLAND T, 1992, SYST BIOL, V41, P18, DOI 10.2307/2992503; Jones Kate E., 2009, Ecology (Washington D C), V90, P2648, DOI 10.1890/08-1494.1; Jullien M, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3416, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3416:TSVOFI]2.0.CO;2; Kamilar J. M., 2008, AM J PRIMATOL, V70, P1, DOI DOI 10.1002/AJP.20553; Kamilar JM, 2009, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V139, P382, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20993; MADDISON WP, 2007, MESQUITE MODULAR SYS; MOLVAR EM, 1994, J MAMMAL, V75, P621, DOI 10.2307/1382509; Morand S, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1999, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1241; Munshi-South J, 2006, AUK, V123, P108, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0108:DILSIP]2.0.CO;2; Nunn CL, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P597, DOI 10.1086/378721; Ricklefs RE, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P379, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01420.x; Shattuck MR, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P4635, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0911439107; Wasser DE, 2010, J ZOOL, V280, P103, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00671.x; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; Wilkinson GS, 2002, AGING CELL, V1, P124, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-9728.2002.00020.x; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	29	20	20	2	51	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	DEC 23	2010	6	6					736	739		10.1098/rsbl.2010.0348				4	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	678TO	WOS:000284104000005	20462887	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Ansari, S; Daehler, CC				Ansari, Shahin; Daehler, Curtis C.			Life history variation in a temperate plant invader, Verbascum thapsus along a tropical elevational gradient in Hawaii	BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS			English	Article						Elevation; Life history; Montane; Plant invasion; Subalpine; Threshold size; Verbascum thapsus	COMMON MULLEIN; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CIRSIUM-VULGARE; OLD-FIELD; SIZE; INVASIONS; REPRODUCTION; BIOLOGY; WEED	Few studies have examined the life history of temperate plant invaders in the tropics. Temperate invaders that utilize seasonal cues to influence their life histories may be expected to behave differently in the tropics. This study examined variation in life history in an invading temperate weed, Verbascum thapsus, across an elevation gradient (1,690-2,720 m) along the montane and subalpine slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Over 7,000 seedlings were marked and monitored over a period of 3 years. Germination, survival, growth, and reproduction in V. thapsus varied among sites along the elevational gradient. Compared to plants at lower elevations, those at higher elevation sites (>2,000 m) had lower early seedling survival, higher established rosette survival, higher vegetative growth rates, higher threshold sizes for flowering, and commonly lived more than 3 years before flowering. The abundance of competing vegetation generally decreased with elevation, and this may drive variation in V. thapsus survival and growth. Size-dependent survival appears to play a major role in the selection for smaller size at first flowering and shorter generation time at lower elevations. This pattern is opposite to that reported in temperate mountains where high elevation plants flower sooner and at smaller size, but both patterns appear consistent with general life history theory for biennials. Due to novel biotic and climatic interactions in the tropics, predictions of growth patterns and invasion dynamics for temperate weeds in the tropics can be misleading when based on the plant's behavior in temperate systems.	[Ansari, Shahin] SWCA Environm Consultants, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA; [Daehler, Curtis C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA	Ansari, S (reprint author), SWCA Environm Consultants, 201 Merchant St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.	sansari@swca.com			University of Hawaii at Manoa	We would like to thank Momoka Yao, Pirjo Dewinkle, and Lauren Weisenberger for helping with fieldwork and Ryan Taira for creating the distribution map. This research was supported by a grant from the Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.	ABRAHAMSON WG, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P651, DOI 10.1086/282864; Alexander JM, 2009, ECOLOGY, V90, P612, DOI 10.1890/08-0453.1; ANSARI S, 2007, THESIS U HAWAII MANO; APHALO PJ, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P5, DOI 10.2307/2390084; Arevalo JR, 2005, PERSPECT PLANT ECOL, V7, P185, DOI 10.1016/j.ppees.2005.09.003; Ballare CL, 1999, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V4, P97, DOI 10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01383-7; BALLARE CL, 1987, PLANT CELL ENVIRON, V10, P551, DOI 10.1111/1365-3040.ep11604091; BULLOCK JM, 1994, J ECOL, V82, P101, DOI 10.2307/2261390; CHARNOV EL, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P791, DOI 10.1086/282877; Crawley MJ, 1996, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V351, P1251, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1996.0108; Daehler CC, 2005, PERSPECT PLANT ECOL, V7, P203, DOI 10.1016/j.ppees.2005.08.002; Daehler CC, 1998, BIOL CONSERV, V84, P167, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00096-7; DAVIS RM, 1969, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V96, P660, DOI 10.2307/2483546; DEJONG TJ, 1989, ACTA BOT NEERL, V38, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1989.tb01911.x; DEJONG TJ, 1987, VEGETATIO, V70, P149; EHRLEN J, 1999, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Gagne W. 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G., 1972, FLORA EUROPEA, V3; Wesselingh RA, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P2118, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2118:TSFFID]2.0.CO;2; WESTER L, 1983, J BIOGEOGR, V10, P307, DOI 10.2307/2844740; WILLIAMS GJ, 1976, OECOLOGIA, V25, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF00345033; Williamson MH, 1996, BIOL CONSERV, V78, P163, DOI 10.1016/0006-3207(96)00025-0	53	14	15	1	28	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	1387-3547			BIOL INVASIONS	Biol. Invasions	DEC	2010	12	12			SI		4033	4047		10.1007/s10530-010-9810-z				15	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	711ID	WOS:000286581800010					2018-11-12	
J	Janowitz, SA; Fischer, K				Janowitz, Susann A.; Fischer, Klaus			Costing reproduction: effects of mating opportunity on mating success in male Bicyclus anynana butterflies	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						Cost of mating; Life history theory; Residual reproductive value; Sex ratio; Sexual selection; Trade-off	CONDITION DEPENDENCE; ONTHOPHAGUS-BINODIS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; FIGHTING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE LONGEVITY; MATE ASSESSMENT; OLDER MALES; EVOLUTION; COURTSHIP; PLASTICITY	It is frequently assumed that males have an almost unlimited reproductive capacity, while access to receptive females is typically limiting. Consequently, sexual selection is expected to favor vigorous courtship behavior in males. If such behavior is associated with non-trivial costs, ample current mating opportunities should be accompanied by a reduction in future mating vigor. To test this hypothesis, three treatments differing in sex ratio were established using the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana: 50 males each were housed either with 0, 25, or 50 females. Mating trials involving the competition among males from each treatment for a single virgin female were carried out on days 3, 9, and 15 after allocation to treatments. While there was no difference on day 3, prior mating opportunity clearly reduced mating success on days 9 and 15, being lowest if identical numbers of males and females were housed together. This finding suggests accumulating costs associated with high courtship and/or mating activity. Further, older males were more active and initiated copulation earlier than the younger ones, consistent with the residual reproductive value hypothesis. We found no evidence for a survival or fertility cost of mating.	[Janowitz, Susann A.; Fischer, Klaus] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Zool, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; [Janowitz, Susann A.; Fischer, Klaus] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Zool Museum, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany	Fischer, K (reprint author), Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Zool, Johann Sebastian Bach Str 11-12, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.	klaus.fischer@uni-greifswald.de			Greifswald University	This study was supported by a start-up fund from Greifswald University. We thank Kristin Franke for help with parts of the experiments and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on this paper.	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DEC	2010	64	12					1999	2006		10.1007/s00265-010-1011-3				8	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	680WN	WOS:000284268300009					2018-11-12	
J	Moiroux, J; Le Lann, C; Seyahooei, MA; Vernon, P; Pierre, JS; Van Baaren, J; Van Alphen, JJM				Moiroux, Joffrey; Le Lann, Cecile; Seyahooei, Majeed A.; Vernon, Philippe; Pierre, Jean-Sebastien; Van Baaren, Joan; Van Alphen, Jacques J. M.			Local adaptations of life-history traits of a Drosophila parasitoid, Leptopilina boulardi: does climate drive evolution?	ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Life-history theory; parasitoids; precipitation; reproductive strategies; resource distribution; temperature; trade-offs	THERMAL ADAPTATION; STRESS RESISTANCE; ADULT DROSOPHILA; CLINAL VARIATION; ASOBARA TABIDA; BODY-SIZE; MELANOGASTER; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; PLASTICITY	2. We compared life-history traits of five populations of Leptopilina boulardi, a Drosophila parasitoid, originating from contrasting climates. Referring to cline studies, we hypothesised shorter lifespan, earlier reproduction, and lower lipid content in populations from the hottest and driest areas if life histories have been selected in response to temperature and/or humidity. 3. Our results are opposite to these predictions. Females from humid and mild climates invested more in early reproduction and lived for fewer days than females from dry and hot areas, which were synovigenic (i.e. they matured additional eggs during adult life) and able to synthesise lipids during adult life. 4. We suggest that life histories are more adapted to host distribution than to climatic factors. Drosophila patches are more abundant in the humid area, allowing the parasitoids to spend less energy and time finding hosts. This may result in selection for early reproduction traded-off against longevity. In the hot and dry climate, females have to fly large distances to find host patches. Synovigeny, a long lifespan, lipogenesis, and high dispersal ability may be adaptive there. This is the first time that between-population differences in the ability to synthesise lipids have been described in parasitoids.	[Moiroux, Joffrey] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO, UMR 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France; [Moiroux, Joffrey; Seyahooei, Majeed A.; Van Alphen, Jacques J. M.] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, Van der Klaauw Lab, Leiden, Netherlands; [Vernon, Philippe] Univ Rennes 1, ECOBIO, UMR 6553, Paimpoint, France	Moiroux, J (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO, UMR 6553, 263 Ave Gen Leclerc,CS 74205,Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France.	joffrey.moiroux@univ-rennes1.fr	Le Lann, Cecile/C-1005-2013; Askari Seyahooei, Majeed/S-6557-2016	Le Lann, Cecile/0000-0003-4719-3228; Askari Seyahooei, Majeed/0000-0002-6219-749X; Moiroux, Joffrey/0000-0002-0132-3763	Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche	This research was supported by the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (grant to Joffrey Moiroux) and is part of the Marie Curie excellence chair COMPAREVOL (http://comparevol.univ-rennes1.fr/), ECOCLIM programme founded by Region Bretagne and CLIMEVOL programme founded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche. We are grateful to Jacintha Ellers for helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript.	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J	Jacobs, MW; Sherrard, KM				Jacobs, Molly W.; Sherrard, Kristin M.			Bigger is not always better: Offspring size does not predict growth or survival for seven ascidian species	ECOLOGY			English	Article						ascidian; growth rate; offspring size; size-quality tradeoff; survival; tunicate	MARINE HARD SUBSTRATA; EGG SIZE; SEED MASS; SOLITARY ASCIDIANS; REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; PSYCHOTRIA RUBIACEAE; COLONIAL STRATEGIES; CIONA-INTESTINALIS	The presumed trade-off between offspring size and quality predicted by life history theory is often invoked to explain the wide range of propagule sizes observed in animals and plants. This trade-off is broadly supported by intraspecific studies but has been difficult to test in an interspecific context, particularly in animals. We tested the fitness consequences of offspring size both intra-and interspecifically for seven species of ascidians (sessile, suspension-feeding, marine invertebrates) whose offspring volumes varied over three orders of magnitude. We measured two major components of fitness, juvenile growth rates and survival, in laboratory and field experiments encompassing several food conditions. Contrary to the predictions of life history theory, larger offspring size did not result in higher rates of growth or survival, and large offspring did not perform better under nutritional stress, either intraspecifically or interspecifically. In fact, two of the four species with small offspring grew rapidly enough to catch up in size to the species with large offspring in as little as eight weeks, under wild-type food conditions. Trade-offs between growth potential and defense may overwhelm and obscure any trade-offs between offspring size and survival or growth rate. While large initial size may still confer a competitive advantage, we failed to detect any consequences of interspecific variation in initial size. This implies that larger offspring in these species, far from being inherently superior in growth or survival, require compensation in other aspects of life history if reproductive effort is to be efficient. Our results suggest that the importance of initial offspring size is context dependent and often overestimated relative to other life history traits.	[Jacobs, Molly W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Jacobs, Molly W.; Sherrard, Kristin M.] Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA; [Sherrard, Kristin M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA	Jacobs, MW (reprint author), McDaniel Coll, Dept Biol, 2 Coll Hill, Westminster, MD 21157 USA.	mjacobs@mcdaniel.edu			NSF GRF; NSF DDIG; SICB; University of Chicago; Sigma Xi; Alan J. Kohn Fellowship; NSF [OCE 0217304, IBN 0113603]	Authorship order is alphabetical; authors contributed equally to this work. Comments from R. R. Strathmann, M. LaBarbera, C. Pfister, D. Grunbaum, J. Voigt, J. Ruesink, J. Pineda, M. Von Dassow, the WHOI Larval Biology discussion group, J. Havenhand, and four anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. V. Starczak assisted with statistical analyses. We thank R. R. Strathmann for assistance with experimental design, and the director and staff of Friday Harbor Laboratories for research space and support. Support was provided by an NSF GRF to M. W. Jacobs, an NSF DDIG, SICB Student Research Grant, the University of Chicago Hinds Fund, a Sigma Xi Grant in Aid of Research, and an Alan J. Kohn Fellowship to K. M. Sherrard, and NSF grants OCE 0217304 and IBN 0113603 to R. R. Strathmann.	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J	Cox, RM; Parker, EU; Cheney, DM; Liebl, AL; Martin, LB; Calsbeek, R				Cox, Robert M.; Parker, Elizabeth U.; Cheney, Diane M.; Liebl, Andrea L.; Martin, Lynn B.; Calsbeek, Ryan			Experimental evidence for physiological costs underlying the trade-off between reproduction and survival	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						costs of reproduction; energy allocation; haematocrit; immune function; parasitemia; reproductive investment	SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; EGG-PRODUCTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; ANOLIS LIZARDS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; TESTOSTERONE; HYPOTHESIS; SELECTION; PARASITES	P>1. A central tenet of life-history theory is that investment in reproduction compromises survival. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms that link reproduction to survival are poorly understood, particularly in wild populations. 2. Previous experiments in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) show that the elimination of reproduction via surgical ovariectomy results in a dramatic increase in the survival of wild females. We hypothesized that this trade-off reflects underlying differences in energy allocation between reproduction and physiological processes that influence survival. 3. To test this hypothesis, we compared ovariectomized (OVX) females to reproductive controls (SHAM) with respect to four physiological parameters that are thought to influence survival: energy storage, haematocrit, immune function and parasitemia. 4. Consistent with previous studies, we found that OVX females exhibited increased survival and growth relative to reproductive SHAM females. At the end of the breeding season, OVX also exceeded SHAM with respect to energy storage, haematocrit and immune response to phytohemagglutinin challenge. 5. Contrary to our predictions, OVX were more likely than SHAM to exhibit high levels of parasitemia. However, growth and parasite load were positively correlated in OVX and negatively correlated in SHAM, suggesting that reproductive investment may compromise parasite tolerance rather than parasite resistance. 6. Collectively, our results provide direct experimental evidence that reproductive investment affects several key physiological traits that likely interact to influence survival in wild populations.	[Cox, Robert M.; Parker, Elizabeth U.; Cheney, Diane M.; Calsbeek, Ryan] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Liebl, Andrea L.; Martin, Lynn B.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA	Cox, RM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.	robert.m.cox@dartmouth.edu	Martin, Lynn/C-2037-2009	Martin, Lynn/0000-0002-5887-4937; Calsbeek, Ryan/0000-0002-9236-4092	National Science Foundation [DAB 0816862]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Dartmouth College; University of South Florida	We thank B. Calsbeek, M. C. Duryea, A. Gasc, C. Keenan, and C. Palmer for assistance with field and laboratory work. We thank N. Bottomley of Regatta Point and R. Hart of February Point Resort Estates for permission to work on their property. Research was conducted under permits from the Bahamas Department of Agriculture and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Dartmouth College (protocol 07-02-03). This project was funded by awards from the National Science Foundation (DAB 0816862 to R. Calsbeek) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (E. Parker), and by start-up funding from Dartmouth College (R. Calsbeek) and the University of South Florida (L. Martin).	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J	Kaptijn, R; Thomese, F; van Tilburg, TG; Liefbroer, AC				Kaptijn, Ralf; Thomese, Fleur; van Tilburg, Theo G.; Liefbroer, Aart C.			How Grandparents Matter Support for the Cooperative Breeding Hypothesis in a Contemporary Dutch Population	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Allomothers; Cooperative breeding; Grandparents; Kin selection; Life history theory; Reproductive success	CHILD-CARE; FERTILITY DECISIONS; HUMAN LONGEVITY; EVOLUTION; LIFE; KIN; EXPLANATION; MENOPAUSE; SURVIVAL; DEMAND	Low birth rates in developed societies reflect women's difficulties in combining work and motherhood. While demographic research has focused on the role of formal childcare in easing this dilemma, evolutionary theory points to the importance of kin. The cooperative breeding hypothesis states that the wider kin group has facilitated women's reproduction during our evolutionary history. This mechanism has been demonstrated in pre-industrial societies, but there is no direct evidence of beneficial effects of kin's support on parents' reproduction in modern societies. Using three-generation longitudinal data anchored in a sample of grandparents aged 55 and over in 1992 in the Netherlands, we show that childcare support from grandparents increases the probability that parents have additional children in the next 8 to 10 years. Grandparental childcare provided to a nephew or niece of childless children did not significantly increase the probability that those children started a family. These results suggest that childcare support by grandparents can enhance their children's reproductive success in modern societies and is an important factor in people's fertility decisions, along with the availability of formal childcare.	[Kaptijn, Ralf] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Social Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Liefbroer, Aart C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demog Inst, Dept Social Demog, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Liefbroer, Aart C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Social Res Methodol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Kaptijn, R (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Social Sci, Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.	r.w.j.kaptijn@vu.nl	van Tilburg, Theo/F-1269-2010; Thomese, Fleur/F-4803-2013	van Tilburg, Theo/0000-0002-1005-6732; 			Bettio F, 2004, FEM ECON, V10, P85, DOI 10.1080/1354570042000198245; Bianchi S. 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Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.	DEC	2010	21	4					393	405		10.1007/s12110-010-9098-9				13	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	689BY	WOS:000284903500003		Other Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Jonason, PK; Koenig, BL; Tost, J				Jonason, Peter K.; Koenig, Bryan L.; Tost, Jeremy			Living a Fast Life The Dark Triad and Life History Theory	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Dark triad; Life history theory; Future discounting; Sex differences	SINGLE-ITEM MEASURE; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; RISK-TAKING; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY; STRATEGIES; SOCIOBIOLOGY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; INTELLIGENCE; PSYCHOPATHY	The current research applied a mid-level evolutionary theory that has been successfully employed across numerous animal species-life history theory-in an attempt to understand the Dark Triad personality trait cluster (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism). In Study 1 (N = 246), a measure of life history strategy was correlated with psychopathy, but unexpectedly with neither Machiavellianism nor narcissism. Study 2 (N = 321) replicated this overall pattern of results using longer, traditional measures of the Dark Triad traits and alternative, future-discounting indicators of life history strategy (a smaller-sooner, larger-later monetary dilemma and self-reported risk-taking behaviors). Additional findings suggested two sources of shared variance across the Dark Triad traits: confidence in predicting future outcomes and openness to short-term mating.	[Jonason, Peter K.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Psychol, Mobile, AL 36688 USA; [Koenig, Bryan L.] Singapore Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Singapore 178903, Singapore; [Tost, Jeremy] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Psychol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA	Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Psychol, Life Sci Bldg,Room 320, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.	pjonason@usouthal.edu					Brumbach BH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P25, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; Byrnes JP, 1999, PSYCHOL BULL, V125, P367, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.125.3.367; CHRISTIE R, 1970, STUDIES MACHIAVELLIA; CRONBACH LJ, 1955, PSYCHOL BULL, V52, P281, DOI 10.1037/h0040957; ELLIS B, 1988, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V9, P697; Ellis BJ, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P485, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00159; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Figueredo AJ, 2010, PSYCHOL EMOT MOTIV A, P3; Frederick S, 2002, J ECON LIT, V40, P351, DOI 10.1257/002205102320161311; GEARY DC, 2005, ORIGIN MIND EVOLUTIO; Gladden PR, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P270, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.010; Gosling SD, 2003, J RES PERS, V37, P504, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1; Green L, 1996, PSYCHOL AGING, V11, P79, DOI 10.1037//0882-7974.11.1.79; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; Jakobwitz S, 2006, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V40, P331, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006; Jonason P. 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Perspect.	DEC	2010	21	4					428	442		10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4				15	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	689BY	WOS:000284903500005					2018-11-12	
J	Scantlebury, M; McWilliams, MM; Marks, NJ; Dick, JTA; Edgar, H; Lutermann, H				Scantlebury, M.; McWilliams, M. Maher; Marks, N. J.; Dick, J. T. A.; Edgar, H.; Lutermann, H.			Effects of life-history traits on parasite load in grey squirrels	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						parasite; sexual selection; reproduction; testosterone; size dimorphism	ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; RED SQUIRRELS; BODY-MASS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; IMMUNE DEFENSE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; FLEA INFESTATION; SCIURUS-VULGARIS; HOST MORPHOLOGY	Life-history theory stipulates that resources are limited and consequently investment in one trait (e.g. reproduction) compromises resources allocated to another (e.g. immune defence). Differential investment of resources can occur at the level of the individual (i.e. between reproductive status and body condition) as well as at higher levels such as between individuals of different ages or sexes. Male mammals generally invest resources to secure the greatest number of matings while females maximize their own fitness by allocating more resources to body maintenance, including immune function. Accordingly, sex biases in parasite loads appear common among mammal species and have been linked to sex differences in morphology (e.g. body size), behaviour (e.g. mate searches) and physiology (e.g. testosterone). We examined sex biases in parasite load and potential trade-offs between body condition, reproductive investment and immune function in grey squirrels Sciuris carolinensis, a species with a highly promiscuous mating system but no sexual size dimorphism. We found male-biased parasite loads for two of four parasites. The intensity of infection with fleas but not nematodes was affected by testis size. This suggests that behavioural traits may contribute to nematode load. Neither reproductive effort nor nematode infection influenced body condition for either sex but lactating females were in better condition than non-lactating females. Immune function, as measured by spleen mass, was positively correlated with body size and negatively with body condition. Nematode infection was associated with a reduction in spleen mass only in males. Thus, the effects of behavioural and physiological differences as well as sex on parasite load depend on the parasite species involved. This provides support for the hypothesis that males favour investment in mating effort at the expense of immune function.	[Scantlebury, M.; McWilliams, M. Maher; Marks, N. J.; Dick, J. T. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Med Biol, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland; [Edgar, H.] AFBI, Agri Food Biosci Inst, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Lutermann, H.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Scantlebury, M (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Med Biol, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland.	m.scantlebury@qub.ac.uk	Lutermann, Heike/A-4692-2008	Lutermann, Heike/0000-0002-7521-2302	Queen's University Belfast and Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food Biosciences Institute, (AFBI), Stormont, Belfast, UK	The research was supported by Queen's University Belfast and Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food Biosciences Institute, (AFBI), Stormont, Belfast, UK to whom we are grateful. 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Zool.	DEC	2010	282	4					246	255		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00734.x				10	Zoology	Zoology	690NA	WOS:000285010300005					2018-11-12	
J	Van Allen, BG; Briggs, VS; McCoy, MW; Vonesh, JR				Van Allen, Benjamin G.; Briggs, Venetia S.; McCoy, Michael W.; Vonesh, James R.			Carry-over effects of the larval environment on post-metamorphic performance in two hylid frogs	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Complex life cycles; Post-metamorphic growth; Delayed density dependence; Delayed life history effects	COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; PREDATION RISK; SIZE; HISTORY; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; CALLIDRYAS; ECOSYSTEMS; PLASTICITY	Life history theory and empirical studies suggest that large size or earlier metamorphosis are suitable proxies for increased lifetime fitness. Thus, across a gradient of larval habitat quality, individuals with similar phenotypes for these traits should exhibit similar post-metamorphic performance. Here we examine this paradigm by testing for differences in post-metamorphic growth and survival independent of metamorphic size in a temperate (spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer) and tropical (red-eyed treefrog, Agalychnis callidryas) anuran reared under differing larval conditions. For spring peepers, increased food in the larval environment increased post-metamorphic growth efficiency more than predicted by metamorphic phenotype and led to increased mass. Similarly, red-eyed treefrogs reared at low larval density ended the experiment at a higher mass than predicted by metamorphic phenotype. These results show that larval environments can have delayed effects not captured by examining only metamorphic phenotype. These delayed effects for the larval environment link larval and juvenile life history stages and could be important in the population dynamics of organisms with complex life cycles.	[Van Allen, Benjamin G.; Vonesh, James R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA; [Briggs, Venetia S.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [McCoy, Michael W.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA	Van Allen, BG (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, MS-170,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA.	bengvanallen@gmail.com		Van Allen, Benjamin/0000-0001-8489-4790; Vonesh, James/0000-0003-2481-9988	NSF [DEB-0717220]; National Academy of Science; scientific research society; VCU Rice Center; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute	We thank Anssi Laurila and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank J. Hite, J. Kraus, K. Grayson, V. Rudolf, K. Warkentin, and R. Niccoli for help during research and manuscript preparation. We thank the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (permit number 031450), the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Animal Use and Care Committee (IACUC no. AM10112), the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Panamanian Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente for permission to conduct this research. Financial support was provided by NSF DEB-0717220, Grants-In-Aid of Research from the National Academy of Science administered by Sigma Xi, the scientific research society, the VCU Rice Center Student Research Funding Grant, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The authors declare that all experiments followed the current laws of the countries they were conducted in. This is Rice Center contribution number 013.	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J	Park, SM; Cho, SI; Choi, MK				Park, Sang-Mi; Cho, Sung-Il; Choi, Man-Kyu			The effect of paternal investment on female fertility intention in South Korea	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Life history theory; Fertility; Paternal investment; Employed women; Reproduction	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; HOUSEHOLD LABOR; LIFE-HISTORY; 2ND BIRTHS; BEHAVIOR; DIVISION; CHILD	Life history theory views reproduction as an outcome of resource allocation. The allocation of resources such as parental investments of time, energy and material resources involves trade-offs between number of offspring and timing of reproduction. Within the framework of mammalian parental investment, the outstanding feature of human reproduction is the high level of paternal care. Although empirical evidence suggests that human paternal investment may have evolved as a reproductive strategy to reduce infant and child mortality rates, the effects of actual paternal investment, including allocating time to child care, on female reproductive decisions have received relatively little attention. We examined the trade-off from two perspectives using a representative sample of married South Korean women aged 20-44 in 2005 (n=977). First, paternal investment in domestic labor, including child care and housework, was expected to be associated with women's preference regarding future reproduction. Second, relative paternal investment was expected to increase women's preference for future reproduction, especially among employed women. We found that increased paternal investment in child care and housework remarkably enhanced women's intention to have a second child, especially among employed women. In addition, although family members provide a low percentage of child care in South Korea, such help is likely to be a useful resource for second childbirth among employed women. Somewhat expectedly, older age and longer time since first birth had negative effects on women's second-child intention. There is growing evidence that, in the lowest fertility societies, paternal investment may be an essential resource for promoting future reproductive behavior of women, especially employed women. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Choi, Man-Kyu] Korea Univ, Dept Healthcare Management, Coll Hlth Sci, Seoul 136703, South Korea; [Park, Sang-Mi; Cho, Sung-Il] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea; [Park, Sang-Mi; Cho, Sung-Il] Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth & Environm, Seoul, South Korea	Choi, MK (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Healthcare Management, Coll Hlth Sci, San 1, Seoul 136703, South Korea.	healthkw@naver.com		Cho, Sung-il/0000-0003-4085-1494			Cho N.H., 1997, REPORT KOREAN NATL F; CHOI EY, 2006, HLTH WELFARE FORUM, V1, P18; CHOI SH, 2005, B DEP POPULATION POL; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1991, NATURE, V351, P58; Coltrane S, 2000, J MARRIAGE FAM, V62, P1208, DOI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01208.x; Cooke LP, 2004, J MARRIAGE FAM, V66, P1246, DOI 10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00090.x; Darwin C.R., 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO; Geary DC, 2000, PSYCHOL BULL, V126, P55, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.55; Gibson M, 2002, HUM BIOL, V74, P111, DOI 10.1353/hub.2002.0004; Hong M.S., 1994, REPORT KOREAN NATL F; Kamo Y, 2000, SOC SCI RES, V29, P459, DOI 10.1006/ssre.2000.0674; Kaplan HS, 1998, MEN IN FAMILIES, P55; Kaptijn R, 2010, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V31, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.007; Kim S.K., 2000, REPORT KOREAN NATL F; KIM WY, 2007, 307 BANK KOR; *KOR NAT STAT OFF, 2004, ANN REP WOM LIF 2004; *KOR NAT STAT OFF, 2006, ANN REP POP EC ACT 2; Korea Ministry for Health Welfare and Family Affairs, 2009, REP 1 GROUND PLAN LO; Lee S.S., 2006, HLTH WELFARE FORUM, V1, P5; MacDonald K, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P327, DOI 10.1007/BF02913038; Mace R, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V59, P1, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1287; Morgan SP, 1996, POPUL DEV REV, V22, P19, DOI 10.2307/2808004; Olah LSZ, 2003, POPUL RES POLICY REV, V22, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1025089031871; Park S.M., 2005, HLTH WELFARE FORUM, V4, P36; Park SM, 2008, J BIOSOC SCI, V40, P269, DOI 10.1017/S002193200700212X; RINDFUSS RR, 1978, SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY, P1; Schoen R, 1999, J MARRIAGE FAM, V61, P790, DOI 10.2307/353578; Sear R, 2003, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V24, P25, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00105-8; TAN PC, 1994, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V25, P222, DOI 10.2307/2137905; Torr BM, 2004, POPUL DEV REV, V30, P109, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00005.x; United Nations, 2003, ANN REP HUM DEV REP; Voland E, 1998, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V27, P347, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.27.1.347; WESTNEAT DF, 1993, BEHAV ECOL, V4, P66, DOI 10.1093/beheco/4.1.66; WESTOFF CF, 1990, INT FAMILY PLANNING, V16, P84; Whiting Beatrice, 1988, CHILDREN DIFFERENT W; Whitten P.L., 1987, P343; WINIKOFF B, 1983, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V14, P231, DOI 10.2307/1965748	37	5	5	0	13	ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC	NEW YORK	360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA	1090-5138			EVOL HUM BEHAV	Evol. Hum. Behav.	NOV	2010	31	6					447	452		10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.07.001				6	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences	679UE	WOS:000284185500008					2018-11-12	
J	Reaney, LT; Knell, RJ				Reaney, Leeann T.; Knell, Robert J.			Immune activation but not male quality affects female current reproductive investment in a dung beetle	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						dung beetle; Euoniticellus intermedius; female reproductive decisions; immune activation; life-history trade-offs; offspring quality; terminal investment	MALE MEALWORM BEETLES; IN-FIELD CRICKETS; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; EUONITICELLUS-INTERMEDIUS; DIFFERENTIAL ALLOCATION; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; GRYLLUS-TEXENSIS; CHALLENGE; COSTS; EXPRESSION	Changes in female reproductive investment can have large effects on offspring quality and thus maternal fitness. An immune activation is often expected to lead to a reduction in reproductive effort in order to release resources necessary for costly resistance to infection. Alternatively, an increase in investment in current reproduction may occur in order to maximize lifetime reproductive success: the so-called "terminal investment" effect. Additionally, females are expected to invest more in their reproductive effort when mating with higher quality males. Here, we investigate how an immune response and male quality affect the reproductive decisions made by female dung beetles, Euoniticellus intermedius. Female dung beetles invest a large amount of energy into each offspring, building large brood balls into which a single egg is laid. Maternal investment is therefore easily estimated from the number and size of the brood balls constructed. We found no affect of the mated male quality on female current reproductive investment. However, immune activation with lipopolysaccharide caused a significant reduction in the number of brood balls produced but did not affect brood ball size. An immune activation therefore caused resources to be diverted away from reproduction, as predicted by the "cost of immunity" hypothesis. Although life-history theory predicts 2 potentially opposing outcomes of an immune activation, a summary of studies investigating the trade-off between immune investment and current reproduction fails to provide any clear trends of what may predict the direction of this trade-off.	[Reaney, Leeann T.; Knell, Robert J.] Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England	Knell, RJ (reprint author), Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England.	r.knell@qmul.ac.uk			Leverhulme Trust [F/07476/AC]	Leverhulme Trust (F/07476/AC).	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F., 2009, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS	45	24	25	0	26	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1045-2249	1465-7279		BEHAV ECOL	Behav. Ecol.	NOV-DEC	2010	21	6					1367	1372		10.1093/beheco/arq139				6	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	682US	WOS:000284429100032		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Spee, M; Beaulieu, M; Dervaux, A; Chastel, O; Le Maho, Y; Raclot, T				Spee, Marion; Beaulieu, Michael; Dervaux, Antoine; Chastel, Olivier; Le Maho, Yvon; Raclot, Thierry			Should I stay or should I go? Hormonal control of nest abandonment in a long-lived bird, the Adelie penguin	HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Corticosterone; Prolactin; Incubation success; Parental investment; Refeeding signal; Long-term fasting	KING PENGUINS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PROLACTIN SECRETION; PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; REFEEDING SIGNAL; PARENTAL CARE; CORTICOSTERONE; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; ANTARCTICA	According to life-history theory, long-lived birds should favor their survival over the current reproductive attempt, when breeding becomes too costly. In seabirds, incubation is often associated with spontaneous long-term fasting. Below a threshold in body reserves, hormonal and metabolic shift characteristics of a switch from lipid to protein utilization (phase III, PIII) occur. These metabolic changes are paralleled by nest abandonment and stimulation of refeeding behavior. Parental behavior is then under control of two hormones with opposite effects: corticosterone (CORT) and prolactin which stimulate foraging and incubation behavior, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the respective role of these two hormones in nest abandonment by Adelie penguins. To this end, plasma hormone levels were measured before egg-laying and at departure from the colony (i.e. when birds were relieved by their partner or abandoned their nest), and related to nutritional state and incubation success. We found that males abandoning their nest in PIII presented high CURT levels and low prolactin levels. Interestingly, males which presented high plasma levels of prolactin in PIII did not abandon. We show that although CORT is the first hormone to be affected by prolonged energy constraints, the combined effects of high CORT and low prolactin levels are necessary for parents to favor self-maintenance and abandon the nest. We provide insights into time-course changes of the endocrine profile as PIII proceeds and report that reaching proteolytic late fasting is not sufficient to induce nest abandonment in a long-lived bird. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Spee, Marion; Beaulieu, Michael; Dervaux, Antoine; Le Maho, Yvon; Raclot, Thierry] CNRS UdS, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Dept Ecol Physiol Ethol DEPE, UMR 7178, F-67087 Strasbourg 2, France; [Chastel, Olivier] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France	Spee, M (reprint author), CNRS UdS, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Dept Ecol Physiol Ethol DEPE, UMR 7178, 23 Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg 2, France.	marion.spee@c-strasbourg.fr	Beaulieu, Michael/A-5261-2011	Beaulieu, Michael/0000-0002-9948-269X	French Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor (IPEV); French MENRT	We thank the French Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) who provided the financial and logistical support in Adelie Land. M. Spee and M. Beaulieu were the recipients of fellowships from the French MENRT. We are grateful to Dr. A.F. Parlow for kindly providing the CEBC with a chicken kit for prolactin assay (gift to A. Lacroix). At the CEBC, we thank A. Lacroix and C. Trouve for their expert technical assistance in prolactin measurements. We also thank Dr. M. Enstipp and Vincent A. Viblanc, who gave helpful comments and improved the English of the original version of the manuscript and Nicolas Poulin, Francois Criscuolo and Nicolas Hanuise for their help on statistical analyses.	Ainley D. 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J	Williams, JB; Miller, RA; Harper, JM; Wiersma, P				Williams, Joseph B.; Miller, Richard A.; Harper, James M.; Wiersma, Popko			Functional Linkages for the Pace of Life, Life-history, and Environment in Birds	INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology	JAN 03-07, 2010	Seattle, WA	Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol			BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; AEROBIC PERFORMANCE VARIATION; EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; BODY-SIZE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ORGAN MASS; MEMBRANE-COMPOSITION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; RED JUNGLEFOWL; TROPICAL BIRDS	For vertebrates, body mass underlies much of the variation in metabolism, but among animals of the same body mass, metabolism varies six-fold. Understanding how natural selection can influence variation in metabolism remains a central focus of Physiological Ecologists. Life-history theory postulates that many physiological traits, such as metabolism, may be understood in terms of key maturational and reproductive characteristics over an organism's life-span. Although it is widely acknowledged that physiological processes serve as a foundation for life-history trade-offs, the physiological mechanisms that underlie the diversification of life-histories remain elusive. Data show that tropical birds have a reduced basal metabolism (BMR), field metabolic rate, and peak metabolic rate compared with temperate counterparts, results consistent with the idea that a low mortality, and therefore increased longevity, and low productivity is associated with low mass-specific metabolic rate. Mass-adjusted BMR of tropical and temperate birds was associated with survival rate, in accordance with the view that animals with a slow pace of life tend to have increased life spans. To understand the mechanisms responsible for a reduced rate of metabolism in tropical birds compared with temperate species, we summarized an unpublished study, based on data from the literature, on organ masses for both groups. Tropical birds had smaller hearts, kidneys, livers, and pectoral muscles than did temperate species of the same body size, but they had a relatively larger skeletal mass. Direct measurements of organ masses for tropical and temperate birds showed that the heart, kidneys, and lungs were significantly smaller in tropical birds, although sample sizes were small. Also from an ongoing study, we summarized results to date on connections between whole-organism metabolism in tropical and temperate birds and attributes of their dermal fibroblasts grown in cell culture. Cells derived from tropical birds had a slower rate of growth, consistent with the hypothesis that these cells have a slower metabolism. We found that dermal fibroblasts from tropical birds resisted chemical agents that induce oxidative and non-oxidative stress better than do cells from temperate species, consistent with the hypothesis that birds that live longer invest more in self-maintenance such as antioxidant properties of cells.	[Williams, Joseph B.; Wiersma, Popko] Ohio State Univ, Dept EEOB, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Miller, Richard A.; Harper, James M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA; [Miller, Richard A.; Harper, James M.] Univ Michigan, Geriatr Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Miller, Richard A.; Harper, James M.] VA Med Ctr GRECC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA	Williams, JB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept EEOB, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.	williams.1020@osu.edu			NIA NIH HHS [AG024824, AG023122]		Aschoff J, 1970, J. 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Comp. Biol.	NOV	2010	50	5					855	868		10.1093/icb/icq024				14	Zoology	Zoology	673QM	WOS:000283678100015	21558245	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Coulson, T; Tuljapurkar, S; Childs, DZ				Coulson, Tim; Tuljapurkar, Shripad; Childs, Dylan Z.			Using evolutionary demography to link life history theory, quantitative genetics and population ecology	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						age-stage structure; integral projection models; ontogenetic development; reproductive allocation; Soay sheep	INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; SIZE; AGE; CHARACTERS; FITNESS; GROWTH	P>1. There is a growing number of empirical reports of environmental change simultaneously influencing population dynamics, life history and quantitative characters. We do not have a well-developed understanding of links between the dynamics of these quantities. 2. Insight into the joint dynamics of populations, quantitative characters and life history can be gained by deriving a model that allows the calculation of fundamental quantities that underpin population ecology, evolutionary biology and life history. The parameterization and analysis of such a model for a specific system can be used to predict how a population will respond to environmental change. 3. Age-stage-structured models can be constructed from character-demography associations that describe age-specific relationships between the character and: (i) survival; (ii) fertility; (iii) ontogenetic development of the character among survivors; and (iv) the distribution of reproductive allocation. 4. These models can be used to calculate a wide range of useful biological quantities including population growth and structure; terms in the Price equation including selection differentials; estimates of biometric heritabilities; and life history descriptors including generation time. We showcase the method through parameterization of a model using data from a well-studied population of Soay sheep Ovis aries. 5. Perturbation analysis is used to investigate how the quantities listed in summary point 4 change as each parameter in each character-demography function is altered. 6. A wide range of joint dynamics of life history, quantitative characters and population growth can be generated in response to changes in different character-demography associations; we argue this explains the diversity of observations on the consequences of environmental change from studies of free-living populations. 7. The approach we describe has the potential to explain within and between species patterns in quantitative characters, life history and population dynamics.	[Coulson, Tim] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England; [Tuljapurkar, Shripad] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Childs, Dylan Z.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Coulson, T (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.	t.coulson@imperial.ac.uk	Childs, Dylan/C-9814-2010	Childs, Dylan/0000-0002-0675-4933; Coulson, Tim/0000-0001-9371-9003	Wellcome Trust; European Research Council; NERC; National Institute of Aging [P01/AG/22500]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E015921/1, NE/H007148/1, NE/G004854/1, NE/E013015/1]	We are indebted to Tim Clutton-Brock, Josephine Pemberton, Steve Albon, Loeske Kruuk and Mick Crawley for maintaining the long-term study on St. Kilda. Thanks to the National Trust for Scotland Scottish and National Heritage for permission to work on St. Kilda and the Ministry of Defence, QinetiQ, Amey, and ESS staff on St. Kilda and Benbecula for logistical support. Jill Pilkington, previous field assistants, and many volunteers collected the data. This work was funded by a Wellcome Trust flexible travel award, a European Research Council Advanced Grant and an NERC standard grant to TC, a National Institute of Aging grant P01/AG/22500 to S.T. and a NERC fellowship to D.Z.C. Data collection are currently funded by NERC. Tim Benton, Tim Clutton-Brock, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Andres Lopez-Sepulchre, Aurelio Malo, Dan Nussey, Arpat Ozgul, Josephine Pemberton, Bernt-Erik Saether, Isabel Smallegange, Uli Steiner and an anonymous referee provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.	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Anim. Ecol.	NOV	2010	79	6					1226	1240		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01734.x				15	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	665YM	WOS:000283074000010	20704627	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Jones, JH; Wilson, ML; Murray, C; Pusey, A				Jones, James Holland; Wilson, Michael L.; Murray, Carson; Pusey, Anne			Phenotypic quality influences fertility in Gombe chimpanzees	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						chimpanzee; demography; fertility; life-history theory; phenotypic quality	LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FEMALE CHIMPANZEES; NATIONAL-PARK; PAN-TROGLODYTES; DOMINANCE RANK; FUR SEALS; HISTORY; DEMOGRAPHY; MACAQUES; AGE	P>1. Fertility is an important fitness component, but is difficult to measure in slowly reproducing, long-lived animals such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). 2. We measured fertility and the effect of measured covariates on fertility in a 43-year sample of birth intervals of chimpanzees from the Gombe National Park, Tanzania using Cox proportional hazards regression with individual-level random effects. 3. The birth hazard declined with mothers' age at a rate of 0 center dot 84 per year following age at first reproduction. This value is somewhat stronger than previous estimates. 4. Loss of the infant that opened the birth interval increased the birth hazard 134-fold. 5. Birth intervals following the first complete birth interval were shorter than this first interval, while sex of the previous infant had no significant effect. 6. Maternal dominance rank was significant at the P < 0 center dot 1 level when coded as high/middle/low but was highly significant when we simply considered high rank vs. others. 7. Individual heterogeneity had a substantial impact on birth interval duration. We interpret this individual effect as a measure of phenotypic quality, controlling for the measured covariates such as dominance rank. This interpretation is supported by the correlation of individual heterogeneity scores with similar independent measures of body mass.	[Jones, James Holland] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jones, James Holland] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Wilson, Michael L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Anthropol, HH Humphrey Ctr 395, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Wilson, Michael L.; Pusey, Anne] Jane Goodall Inst, Ctr Primate Studies, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA	Jones, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 50, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	jhj1@stanford.edu		Jones, James/0000-0003-1680-6757; Wilson, Michael/0000-0003-3073-4518	The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI); NIH/NICHD [K01HD051494]; Harris Steel Group; University of Minnesota; NSF [DBS-9021946, SBR-93109909, II-0431141, BCS-0648481]; NIH [R01 AI058715]	We thank the many researchers who collected demographic data at Gombe, especially H. Matama, Y. Almasi, E. Mpongo, H. Mkono, under the direction of Jane Goodall and research directors D.A. Collins, J. Wallis and S. Kamenya. We thank Tanzania National Parks, the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute and the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology for permission to conduct research. The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) supported the long-term study. J. Williams, J. Schumacher-Stankey and I. Gilby helped to develop the data base, G. Oehlert provided data from the growth model of body mass, and M. Emery Thompson and S. Tuljapurkar provided useful critical feedback. J.H.J. was supported by grant K01HD051494 from NIH/NICHD, and A. and M.L.W. by grants from Harris Steel Group, University of Minnesota, JGI, NSF (DBS-9021946, SBR-93109909, II-0431141, BCS-0648481), and NIH (R01 AI058715).	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Anim. Ecol.	NOV	2010	79	6					1262	1269		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01687.x				8	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	665YM	WOS:000283074000013	20412347	Bronze, Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Kelly, NB; Alonzo, SH				Kelly, N. B.; Alonzo, S. H.			Does a trade-off between current reproductive success and survival affect the honesty of male signalling in species with male parental care?	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						life history; male allocation; parental care; reproductive strategies; sexual selection	SEXUAL SELECTION; MATE CHOICE; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; MATING PREFERENCES; PATERNAL CARE; HOUSE FINCH; ORNAMENTATION; ADVERTISEMENT; EVOLUTION; BENEFITS	Recent theory predicted that male advertisement will reliably signal investment in paternal care in species where offspring survival requires paternal care and males allocate resources between advertisement and care. However, the predicted relationship between care and advertisement depended on the marginal gains from investment in current reproductive traits. Life history theory suggests that these fitness gains are also subject to a trade-off between current and future reproduction. Here, we investigate whether male signalling remains a reliable indicator of parental care when males allocate resources between current advertisement, paternal care and survival to future reproduction. We find that advertisement is predicted to remain a reliable signal of male care but that advertisement may cease to reliably indicate male quality because low-quality males are predicted to invest in current reproduction, whereas higher-quality males are able to invest in both current reproduction and survival to future reproduction.	[Kelly, N. B.; Alonzo, S. H.] Yale Univ, Osborne Mem Labs, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA	Kelly, NB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Osborne Mem Labs, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 165 Prospect St,Rm 427, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	natasha.kelly@yale.edu					ANDERSSON M, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P804, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00540.x; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Badyaev AV, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P1065, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00628.x; Badyaev AV, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P591, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.5.591; BAKKER TCM, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P74, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.1.74; Candolin U, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V60, P417, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1481; Candolin U, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2425, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1301; Candolin U, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P1261, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1259; Coleman SW, 2004, NATURE, V428, P742, DOI 10.1038/nature02419; Duckworth RA, 2003, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V55, P176, DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0671-7; GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P473, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80087-6; GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80088-8; Griggio M, 2009, BEHAV ECOL, V20, P1072, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arp099; Helfman GS, 1997, DIVERSITY FISHES; Houle D, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P97, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1823; Jennions MD, 1997, BIOL REV, V72, P283, DOI 10.1017/S0006323196005014; Jeon J, 2008, BEHAV ECOL, V19, P344, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm136; Kelly NB, 2009, P R SOC B, V276, P3175, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.0599; Kokko H, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1871, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0515; Lopez P, 2005, BIOL LETT-UK, V1, P404, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0360; MACNAIR MR, 1979, ANIM BEHAV, V27, P1202, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(79)90067-8; McNamara JM, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1925, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2396; Moller AP, 2001, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V88, P401, DOI 10.1007/s001140100255; Owens IPF, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P397, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0308; PARKER GA, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P846, DOI 10.1086/284956; PRICE T, 1993, BIOL J LINN SOC, V48, P187, DOI 10.1006/bijl.1993.1014; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; WEDEKIND C, 1992, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V247, P169, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1992.0024; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S; ZAHAVI A, 1975, J THEOR BIOL, V53, P205, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3	30	7	7	3	14	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	NOV	2010	23	11					2461	2473		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02111.x				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	669TX	WOS:000283374200019	20860698	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lutscher, F; Nisbet, RM; Pachepsky, E				Lutscher, Frithjof; Nisbet, Roger M.; Pachepsky, Elizaveta			Population persistence in the face of advection	THEORETICAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Advection; Drift paradox; Persistence condition; Invasion speed; Integrodifference equation; Dispersal kernel	DRIFT PARADOX; DISPERSAL PATTERNS; STREAM BENTHOS; INTEGRODIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SPREAD; INVERTEBRATES; MOVEMENTS; INVASIONS; INSECTS	Many populations live in 'advective' media, such as rivers, where flow is biased in one direction. In these environments, populations face the possibility of extinction by being washed out of the system, even if the net reproductive rate (R) is greater than one. We propose a formal condition for population persistence in advective systems: a population can persist at any location in a homogeneous habitat if and only if it can invade upstream. This leads to a remarkably simple recipe for calculating the minimal value for the net reproductive rate for population persistence. We apply this criterion to discrete-time models of a semelparous population where dispersal is characterized by a mechanistically derived kernel. We demonstrate that persistence depends strongly on the form of the kernel's 'tail', a result consistent with previous literature on the speed of spread of invasions. We apply our theory to models of stream invertebrates with a biphasic life cycle, and relate our results to the 'colonization cycle' hypothesis where bias in downstream drift is offset by upstream bias in adult dispersal. In the absence of bias in adult dispersal, variability in the duration of the larval stage and in oviposition sites have a large effect of the persistence condition. The minimization calculations required in our approach are very straightforward, indicating the feasibility of future applications to life history theory.	[Lutscher, Frithjof] Univ Ottawa, Dept Math & Stat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Nisbet, Roger M.; Pachepsky, Elizaveta] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Lutscher, F (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Math & Stat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.	flutsche@uottawa.ca	Nisbet, Roger/B-6951-2014; Lutscher, Frithjof/C-9484-2012	Lutscher, Frithjof/0000-0001-7380-7647	National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Ottawa; US National Science Foundation [DEB- 0717259]	The authors thank Mark Lewis and Ed McCauley for inspiring discussions. FL gratefully acknowledges support through a discovery grant from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and a startup grant by the University of Ottawa. RMN thanks the US National Science Foundation (Grant DEB- 0717259) for support.	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Ecol.	NOV	2010	3	4					271	284		10.1007/s12080-009-0068-y				14	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	654OS	WOS:000282178400005		Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Reece, SE; Ali, E; Schneider, P; Babiker, HA				Reece, Sarah E.; Ali, Eltayeb; Schneider, Petra; Babiker, Hamza A.			Stress, drugs and the evolution of reproductive restraint in malaria parasites	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						Plasmodium falciparum; life-history trade-offs; gametocyte conversion; anti-malarial drug resistance; reproductive effort; resource allocation	ENHANCED GAMETOCYTE FORMATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; EASTERN SUDAN; IN-VITRO; TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES; CHLOROQUINE TREATMENT; VIRULENCE EVOLUTION; CHABAUDI; LIFE; ERYTHROCYTES	Life-history theory predicts that sexually reproducing organisms have evolved to resolve resource-allocation trade-offs between growth/survival versus reproduction, and current versus future reproduction. Malaria parasites replicate asexually in their vertebrate hosts, but must reproduce sexually to infect vectors and be transmitted to new hosts. As different specialized stages are required for these functions, the division of resources between these life-history components is a fundamental evolutionary problem. Here, we test how drug-sensitive and drug-resistant isolates of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum resolve the trade-off between in-host replication and between-host transmission when exposed to treatment with anti-malarial drugs. Previous studies have shown that parasites increase their investment in sexual stages when exposed to stressful conditions, such as drugs. However, we demonstrate that sensitive parasites facultatively decrease their investment in sexual stages when exposed to drugs. In contrast to previous studies, we tested parasites from a region where treatment with antimalarial drugs is common and transmission is seasonal. We hypothesize that when exposed to drugs, parasites invest in their survival and future transmission by diverting resources from reproduction to replication. Furthermore, as drug-resistant parasites did not adjust their investment when exposed to drugs, we suggest that parasites respond to changes in their proliferation (state) rather the presence of drugs.	[Reece, Sarah E.; Schneider, Petra] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Reece, Sarah E.; Schneider, Petra; Babiker, Hamza A.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Reece, Sarah E.; Schneider, Petra; Babiker, Hamza A.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Immunol & Infect Res, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; [Ali, Eltayeb] Sudan Atom Energy Commiss, Khartoum, Sudan; [Ali, Eltayeb] Univ Khartoum, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Khartoum, Sudan; [Babiker, Hamza A.] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Muscat, Oman	Reece, SE (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.	sarah.reece@ed.ac.uk	Reece, Sarah/C-9447-2009	Reece, Sarah/0000-0001-6716-6732; Schneider, Petra/0000-0002-2616-237X	Malaria Administration of the Sudanese Ministry of Health; Malaria Control Department in Gedaref State; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council, UK	We are grateful to the villagers of Asar village, eastern Sudan, for their cooperation during the course of the study, and the support of the Malaria Administration of the Sudanese Ministry of Health, together with the Malaria Control Department in Gedaref State and the staff of the Gedaref Hospital. We thank D. H. Nussey, L. C. Pollitt and N. Mideo for discussions, J. Koella and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and the Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council, UK, for funding.	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D., 1998, PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; Schneider P, 2008, MALARIA J, V7, DOI 10.1186/1475-2875-7-257; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 2007, EVOLUTION HLTH DIS; Taylor LH, 1997, PARASITOL TODAY, V13, P135, DOI 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)89810-9; Trager W, 1999, EXP PARASITOL, V91, P115, DOI 10.1006/expr.1998.4347; TRAGER W, 1992, J PROTOZOOL, V39, P429, DOI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01476.x; WILLIAMS GC, 1991, Q REV BIOL, V66, P1, DOI 10.1086/417048; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S	54	22	23	2	17	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	OCT 22	2010	277	1697					3123	3129		10.1098/rspb.2010.0564				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	660LY	WOS:000282645700009	20484242	Other Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Palmer, TM; Doak, DF; Stanton, ML; Bronstein, JL; Kiers, ET; Young, TP; Goheen, JR; Pringle, RM				Palmer, Todd M.; Doak, Daniel F.; Stanton, Maureen L.; Bronstein, Judith L.; Kiers, E. Toby; Young, Truman P.; Goheen, Jacob R.; Pringle, Robert M.			Synergy of multiple partners, including freeloaders, increases host fitness in a multispecies mutualism	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						Acacia drepanolobium; cooperation; plant defense; life history theory; ant-plant	SWOLLEN THORN ACACIAS; ANT-PLANT; SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION; ONTOGENIC SUCCESSION; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; LARGE HERBIVORES; EVOLUTION; COMPETITION; COMMUNITY; COOPERATION	Understanding cooperation is a central challenge in biology, because natural selection should favor "free-loaders" that reap benefits without reciprocating. For interspecific cooperation (mutualism), most approaches to this paradox focus on costs and benefits of individual partners and the strategies mutualists use to associate with beneficial partners. However, natural selection acts on lifetime fitness, and most mutualists, particularly longer-lived species interacting with shorter-lived partners (e.g., corals and zooxanthellae, tropical trees and mycorrhizae) interact with multiple partner species throughout ontogeny. Determining how multiple partnerships might interactively affect lifetime fitness is a crucial unexplored link in understanding the evolution and maintenance of cooperation. The tropical tree Acacia drepanolobium associates with four symbiotic ant species whose short-term individual effects range from mutualistic to parasitic. Using a long-term dataset, we show that tree fitness is enhanced by partnering sequentially with sets of different ant symbionts over the ontogeny of a tree. These sets include a "sterilization parasite" that prevents reproduction and another that reduces tree survivorship. Trees associating with partner sets that include these "parasites" enhance lifetime fitness by trading off survivorship and fecundity at different life stages. Our results demonstrate the importance of evaluating mutualism within a community context and suggest that lifespan inequalities among mutualists may help cooperation persist in the face of exploitation.	[Palmer, Todd M.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Palmer, Todd M.; Doak, Daniel F.; Stanton, Maureen L.; Young, Truman P.; Goheen, Jacob R.; Pringle, Robert M.] Mpala Res Ctr, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya; [Doak, Daniel F.; Goheen, Jacob R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool, Laramie, WY 82072 USA; [Stanton, Maureen L.; Young, Truman P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Young, Truman P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Bronstein, Judith L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Kiers, E. Toby] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Inst Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Goheen, Jacob R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Pringle, Robert M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Pringle, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, Soc Fellows, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA	Palmer, TM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.	tmp@ufl.edu	Toby, Kiers/H-4819-2017; Stanton, Maureen/E-1204-2012	Toby, Kiers/0000-0002-0597-1653; 	National Science Foundation [DEB-0444071, DEB-0934734, OISE-0852961]; University of Florida	We thank J. Lemboi, S. Akwam, and R. Eraguy for assistance and the Government of Kenya for permission to conduct this research (MOEST 13/001/36C483). This study was funded by National Science Foundation Grants DEB-0444071 (to T.M.P., M.L.S., and T.P.Y.), DEB-0934734 (to T.M.P. and D.F.D.), and OISE-0852961 (to R.M.P.) and by the University of Florida.	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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	OCT 5	2010	107	40					17234	17239		10.1073/pnas.1006872107				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	658TJ	WOS:000282512000035	20855614	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Wilcoxen, TE; Boughton, RK; Schoech, SJ				Wilcoxen, Travis E.; Boughton, Raoul K.; Schoech, Stephan J.			Older can be better: physiological costs of paternal investment in the Florida scrub-jay	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						Aphelocoma coerulescens; Senescence; Parental care; Cost of reproduction	HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; PIED FLYCATCHERS; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; BODY CONDITION; TREE SWALLOWS; PARENTAL CARE; BROOD SIZE; BIRDS; AGE	In species that undergo actuarial senescence, the value of current reproduction is predicted to increase relative to the value of future reproduction with age, as the probability of survival to another reproductive event is reduced. Therefore, life history theory predicts that aging animals should increase their investment in reproduction. However, an increase in reproductive investment may carry significant costs to the breeding individuals. We recorded provisioning rates of Florida scrub-jay male breeders, followed by their immediate capture to assess body condition and collect blood for an in vitro test of immunocompetence and an assay of baseline corticosterone for a measure of stress. Older males provisioned offspring and brooding mates at the highest rates. There was no evidence of any physiological deficits in males with high provisioning rates, independent of age. It appears that birds that survive to old age are high quality birds that maintain good physiological condition, which complements the value of experience and permits maximal investment in offspring.	[Wilcoxen, Travis E.; Schoech, Stephan J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA; [Boughton, Raoul K.] Avian Ecol Lab, Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL 33960 USA	Wilcoxen, TE (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.	twilcoxn@memphis.edu		Boughton, Raoul/0000-0002-3501-5697	Archbold Biological Station; National Science Foundation [IBN-034632, IBN-0508418, IOS-0909620]; Sigma Xi; American Ornithologists' Union; Florida Ornithological Society; College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Memphis	We thank everyone at Archbold Biological Station for continued hospitality and support, particularly R Bowman. We are greatly indebted to MA Rensel and ES Bridge for their leadership and numerous contributions throughout the long field seasons. Furthermore, we thank GM Morgan, MA Desrosiers, and ZD Seilo for their hard work in the field and MD Venesky for cooking breakfast. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IBN-034632 to SJS, IBN-0508418 to RKB and SJS, and IOS-0909620, to TEW and SJS), Sigma Xi (Grant-in-Aid of Research to TEW), the American Ornithologists' Union (Josselyn Van Tyne Student Research Award to TEW), and the Florida Ornithological Society (Cruickshank Research Award to TEW). TEW was also supported by a Van Vleet Memorial Fellowship from the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Memphis during the course of this research. The experiments in this work comply with the current laws of the United States of America and all methods were approved by the University of Memphis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Valencia J, 2006, ANIM BEHAV, V71, P1021, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.06.021; Velando A, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1443, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3480; Viney ME, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P665, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.003; Wilcoxen TE, 2010, BIOL LETTERS, V6, P552, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.1078; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; Williams TD, 2005, BIOSCIENCE, V55, P39, DOI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0039:MUTCOE]2.0.CO;2; WINGFIELD JC, 1976, CONDOR, V78, P570, DOI 10.2307/1367117; WINGFIELD JC, 1994, PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, P520; Woolfenden G. E., 1996, BIRDS N AM ONLINE, DOI DOI 10.2173/BNA.228; Woolfenden G. E., 1984, FLORIDA SCRUB JAY DE; WOOLFENDEN GE, 1998, BIRD RES; WUNDERLE JM, 1991, CURR ORNITHOL, V8, P273; Zera AJ, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P7, DOI 10.1086/286146	59	13	13	0	30	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0340-5443			BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	OCT	2010	64	10					1527	1535		10.1007/s00265-010-0966-4				9	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	651AM	WOS:000281897000002					2018-11-12	
J	He, WM; Thelen, GC; Ridenour, WM; Callaway, RM				He, Wei-Ming; Thelen, Giles C.; Ridenour, Wendy M.; Callaway, Ragan M.			Is there a risk to living large? Large size correlates with reduced growth when stressed for knapweed populations	BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS			English	Article						Exotic invasions; Competition; CSR; Life history theory; Phenotypic plasticity; Stress tolerance; Trade-off	DEER MOUSE-POPULATIONS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; INVASIVE PLANT; RAPID EVOLUTION; NATIVES; WEED	A central hypothesis in ecology is that plant life history evolution is constrained by fundamental "compromises between the conflicting selection pressures resulting from particular combinations of competition, stress, and disturbance", with stress being defined as abiotic conditions that restrict production. Biogeographic differences among native and non-native ranges of invasive plants may provide unique opportunities for tests of this theory. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with Centaurea stoebe plants from North American and European populations. We compared the total biomass and phenotypic plasticity indices for plants from the native and non-native ranges under stressed and non-stressed conditions. The average size of Centaurea stoebe plants from 13 North American populations was greater than that of plants from 18 European populations regardless of stress treatment. However, when plants from the same populations were exposed to lower resources the differences in biomass between plants from North American and European populations were significantly less, suggesting that large plants were poorer stress tolerators. For all 31 populations the regression slope for the relationship between mean mass for populations in non-stressful conditions and mean mass in stressful conditions was less than 1.0, indicating that populations that produced large plants in good conditions also produced plants that grew disproportionately less in stressful conditions. These findings suggest that Centaurea stoebe may be evolving towards being a good "competitor" (sensu Grime, 1977) in its invasive range, but at the cost of being a good "stress tolerator".	[He, Wei-Ming; Thelen, Giles C.; Ridenour, Wendy M.; Callaway, Ragan M.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [He, Wei-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China	Callaway, RM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.	ray.callaway@mso.umt.edu			Aldo Leopold Wilderness Center; USFS Fire Sciences Laboratory; USDA; DoD SERDP; NSF; Office of Sponsored Research at The University of Montana; Civilian Research and Development Foundation;  [30770335];  [30870395]	The authors are grateful to Courtney Hall, Alfonso Valiente-Banuet, and Daniel Montesinos for their help during the course of experiment, to Urs Trier and Heinz Muller-Scharer for Centaurea stoebe seeds, and to Guofang Liu for his R analysis. We are also grateful for two very insightful reviews. This study was supported by grants awarded to Dr. Ragan M. Callaway (Aldo Leopold Wilderness Center, the USFS Fire Sciences Laboratory, the USDA, DoD SERDP, the NSF, the Office of Sponsored Research at The University of Montana, and the Civilian Research and Development Foundation) and grants awarded to Dr. Wei-Ming He (30770335 and 30870395).	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Invasions	OCT	2010	12	10					3591	3598		10.1007/s10530-010-9753-4				8	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	652CA	WOS:000281977200018					2018-11-12	
J	Marshall, DJ; Heppell, SS; Munch, SB; Warner, RR				Marshall, Dustin J.; Heppell, Selina S.; Munch, Stephan B.; Warner, Robert R.			The relationship between maternal phenotype and offspring quality: Do older mothers really produce the best offspring?	ECOLOGY			English	Article						egg size; fisheries management; life-history theory; marine protected areas; maternal effects; optimal offspring size	COLONIAL MARINE INVERTEBRATE; LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; TRANSGENERATIONAL PLASTICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEBASTES-MELANOPS; NATURAL-SELECTION	Maternal effects are increasingly recognized as important drivers of population dynamics and determinants of evolutionary trajectories. Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies finding or citing a positive relationship between maternal size/age and offspring size or offspring quality. The relationship between maternal phenotype and offspring size is intriguing in that it is unclear why young mothers should produce offspring of inferior quality or fitness. Here we evaluate the underlying evolutionary pressures that may lead to a maternal size/age-offspring size correlation and consider the likelihood that such a correlation results in a positive relationship between the age or size of mothers and the fitness of their offspring. We find that, while there are a number of reasons why selection may favor the production of larger offspring by larger mothers, this change in size is more likely due to associated changes in the maternal phenotype that affect the offspring size-performance relationship. We did not find evidence that the offspring of older females should have intrinsically higher fitness. When we explored this issue theoretically, the only instance in which smaller mothers produce suboptimal offspring sizes is when a (largely unsupported) constraint on maximum offspring size is introduced into the model. It is clear that larger offspring fare better than smaller offspring when reared in the same environment, but this misses a critical point: different environments elicit selection for different optimal sizes of young. We suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting the outcome of offspring-size experiments when offspring from different mothers are reared in a common environment, because this approach may remove the source of selection (e. g., reproducing in different context) that induced a shift in offspring size in the first place. It has been suggested that fish stocks should be managed to preserve these older age classes because larger mothers produce offspring with a greater chance of survival and subsequent recruitment. Overall, we suggest that, while there are clear and compelling reasons for preserving older females in exploited populations, there is little theoretical justification or evidence that older mothers produce offspring with higher per capita fitness than do younger mothers.	[Marshall, Dustin J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia; [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Munch, Stephan B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA; [Warner, Robert R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Marshall, DJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.	d.marshall1@uq.edu.au	Marshall, Dustin/C-3450-2016; Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013; Marshall, Dustin/A-4185-2008	Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685; 	Australian Research Council; North Pacific Research Board [629]; Packard Foundation; Moore Foundation	The authors thank Susan Sogard, Tim Benton, and two reviewers who provided extremely valuable comments. D. J. Marshall was supported by the Australian Research Council during the preparation of this manuscript. S. S. Heppell was supported in part by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (Project number 629). Support was also provided by the Partnership for the Interdisciplinary Study of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), funded by the Packard Foundation and the Moore Foundation. This is PISCO contribution 368.	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J	Costantini, D; Rowe, M; Butler, MW; McGraw, KJ				Costantini, David; Rowe, Melissah; Butler, Michael W.; McGraw, Kevin J.			From molecules to living systems: historical and contemporary issues in oxidative stress and antioxidant ecology	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Review						ageing; antioxidants; free radicals; life-history; reproduction; sexual signals; sperm quality; stress physiology; vertebrates	FREE-RADICAL THEORY; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TRADE-OFFS; LIFE-SPAN; CAROTENOID AVAILABILITY; SPERM MOTILITY; SEXUAL SIGNALS; ZEBRA FINCHES; DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS	P>1. Initial work on oxidative stress and antioxidant defences described basic chemical and biochemical properties and processes and applied this information to issues of animal health and husbandry. Seminal experimental investigations on the damaging effects of oxidative stress and the mitigating effects of antioxidant defences were conducted primarily in domesticated organisms. 2. In recent years, ecologists have taken to studying antioxidants and oxidative stress in free-ranging organisms and have integrated principles of oxidative stress into several core evolutionary concepts, such as life-history trade-offs (e.g. survival vs. reproduction), senescence and sexual selection. This initial flurry of studies has provided major advances in our understanding of how antioxidant defences evolve and function. 3. In this overview, it is our goal to provide ecologists with an accessible summary of (i) the biochemical basis and conceptual frameworks behind oxidative stress and antioxidants, (ii) the research questions and hypotheses that are generated by incorporating antioxidants and oxidative stress into models of life-history theory, ageing, mate selection, and honest signalling, and (iii) the trends in the evidence that have emerged from initial studies in these areas. 4. Though much progress has been made on the ecological and evolutionary relevance of antioxidant and oxidative stress physiology, no consensus has emerged regarding the primacy of how oxidative stress challenges or antioxidant limits or values shape organismal life-histories. However, there are many taxonomic biases in studies to date and several ideal environmental systems that are as-of-yet untapped.	[Costantini, David] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Rowe, Melissah; Butler, Michael W.; McGraw, Kevin J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA	Costantini, D (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.	d.costantini@bio.gla.ac.uk	Costantini, David/C-6006-2013; Rowe, Melissah/G-3905-2015	Rowe, Melissah/0000-0001-9747-041X; Costantini, David/0000-0002-8140-8790	NERC [NE/G013888/1]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0746364]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G013888/1]	During manuscript preparation, DC was supported by a postdoctoral NERC research fellowship (NE/G013888/1). KJM, MR, and MWB were supported by the National Science Foundation (IOS-0746364).	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Ecol.	OCT	2010	24	5					950	959		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01746.x				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	651AA	WOS:000281895800002		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Bulled, NL; Sosis, R				Bulled, Nicola L.; Sosis, Richard			Examining the Relationship between Life Expectancy, Reproduction, and Educational Attainment	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Demographic factors; Educational status; Fertility; Life cycle; Mortality; Reproductive behaviors	TEENAGE CHILDBEARING; FERTILITY DECLINE; INEQUALITY; MORTALITY; HEALTH; AGE; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION; COUNTRIES; CHILDREN	Life history theory aims to explain the relationship between life events, recognizing that the fertility and growth schedules of organisms are dependent on environmental conditions and an organism's ability to extract resources from its environment. Using models from life history theory, we predict life expectancy to be positively correlated with educational investments and negatively correlated with adolescent reproduction and total fertility rates. Analyses of UN data from 193 countries support these predictions and demonstrate that, although variation is evident across world regions, strong interactions exist among life expectancy, reproductive investments, and educational attainment, and these relationships occur independently of economic pressures and disease burdens. The interactions are strongest, however, in countries with a life expectancy of a parts per thousand yen60 years as these countries tend to have stable economies and a limited HIV/AIDS burden. These findings suggest that policies aimed at influencing education and reproductive decisions should consider environmental characteristics that drive people's expectations about their longevity.	[Bulled, Nicola L.; Sosis, Richard] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anthropol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA	Bulled, NL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anthropol, U-2176, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.	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J	Jonason, PK; Tost, J				Jonason, Peter K.; Tost, Jeremy			I just cannot control myself: The Dark Triad and self-control	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Life History Strategy; Attention deficit; Future consequences; Self-control; Dark Triad	LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; INTELLIGENCE; PSYCHOPATHY; NARCISSISM	Despite the recent flurry of research on the Dark Triad, this work has been atheoretical. In two studies, totaling 358 participants, we attempt to situate the Dark Triad within the larger framework of Life History Theory by correlating them with three measures of self-control. Both psychopathy (Study 1 and Study 2) and Machiavellianism (Study 2 only) were correlated with low self-control, a tendency to discount future consequences, and high rates of attention deficit disorder. Narcissism was not correlated with measures of self-control in either study. Results are consistent with Life History Theory in that these two sets of psychological traits are expected to be part of a fast life strategy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Jonason, Peter K.] Univ W Florida, Dept Psychol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA; [Tost, Jeremy] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Psychol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA	Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Psychol, Bldg 41, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.	peterkarljonason@yahoo.com					BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Brumbach BH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P25, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3; Buss DM, 2009, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x; CHRISTIE R, 1970, STUDIES MACHIAVELLIA; ELLIS L, 1988, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V9, P697, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(88)90059-1; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; FIGUEREDO AJ, BIOPSYCHOSO IN PRESS; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Gladden PR, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P270, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.010; Jakobwitz S, 2006, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V40, P331, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006; Jonason PK, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P373, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.003; Jonason PK, 2009, EUR J PERSONALITY, V23, P5, DOI 10.1002/per.698; JONASON PK, INDIVIDUAL IN PRESS; JONASON PK, PSYCHOL ASS IN PRESS; Kessler RC, 2005, PSYCHOL MED, V35, P245, DOI 10.1017/S0033291704002892; Lee KB, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V38, P1571, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.016; MEALEY L, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V18, P523, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00039595; Metcalfe J, 1999, PSYCHOL REV, V106, P3, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3; Paulhus D. L., MANUAL SELF IN PRESS; Paulhus DL, 2002, J RES PERS, V36, P556, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6; RASKIN R, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P890, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.890; Rushton JP, 2004, INTELLIGENCE, V32, P321, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.003; STRATHMAN A, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P742, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.742; Tangney JP, 2004, J PERS, V72, P271, DOI 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x; Vernon PA, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V44, P445, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.007; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1; Zeller RA, 1979, QUANTITATIVE APPL SO, V17	28	107	110	1	52	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	OCT	2010	49	6					611	615		10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031				5	Psychology, Social	Psychology	640XL	WOS:000281087400010					2018-11-12	
J	Kochin, BF; Bull, JJ; Antia, R				Kochin, Beth F.; Bull, James J.; Antia, Rustom			Parasite Evolution and Life History Theory	PLOS BIOLOGY			English	Editorial Material							REACTION NORMS; VIRULENCE; CRITIQUE; MATURITY; TRAITS; SIZE; MICE; AGE		[Kochin, Beth F.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Bull, James J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Bull, James J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Antia, Rustom] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA	Kochin, BF (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.	rantia@emory.edu			National Institutes of Health; Fannie and John Hertz Foundation	This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	AMIRI P, 1992, NATURE, V356, P604, DOI 10.1038/356604a0; Babayan SA, 2010, PLOS BIOL, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000525; BERRIGAN D, 1994, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V7, P549, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050549.x; Buckling A, 1999, PARASITOLOGY, V118, P339, DOI 10.1017/S0031182099003960; Buckling AGJ, 1999, INT J PARASITOL, V29, P619, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00230-6; Davies SJ, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P1358, DOI 10.1126/science.1064462; Ebert D, 2003, TRENDS MICROBIOL, V11, P15, DOI 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)00003-3; FINLAND M, 1946, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V132, P16, DOI 10.1001/jama.1946.02870360018005; Gemmill AW, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P1148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00117.x; Gothar K, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P3; GOULD SJ, 1979, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V205, P581, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1979.0086; Kaper JB, 2004, NAT REV MICROBIOL, V2, P123, DOI 10.1038/nrmicro818; KOELLA JC, 1995, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V47, P277, DOI 10.1006/tpbi.1995.1012; Levin Bruce R., 1994, Trends in Microbiology, V2, P76, DOI 10.1016/0966-842X(94)90538-X; Martin C, 2000, INFECT IMMUN, V68, P3651, DOI 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3651-3656.2000; Mideo N, 2008, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V275, P1217, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.1545; Peatey CL, 2009, J INFECT DIS, V200, P1518, DOI 10.1086/644645; REECE S, 2010, STRESS DRUGS EVOLUTI, DOI DOI 10.1098/RSPB.2010.0564; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00560.x; STEARNS SC, 1977, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V8, P145, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.001045; Stearns Stephen C., 2008, EVOLUTION HLTH DIS	23	13	15	0	24	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE	SAN FRANCISCO	185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA	1544-9173			PLOS BIOL	PLoS. Biol.	OCT	2010	8	10							e1000524	10.1371/journal.pbio.1000524				4	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	671IQ	WOS:000283495100020	20976100	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Peron, G; Gimenez, O; Charmantier, A; Gaillard, JM; Crochet, PA				Peron, Guillaume; Gimenez, Olivier; Charmantier, Anne; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Crochet, Pierre-Andre			Age at the onset of senescence in birds and mammals is predicted by early-life performance	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						actuarial senescence; comparative analysis; life-history variation; scaling relationship	NATURAL-SELECTION; HISTORY VARIATION; SLOW LIFE; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; REPRODUCTION; COVARIATION; PHYLOGENIES; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL	Life-history theory predicts that traits involved in maturity, reproduction and survival correlate along a fast-slow continuum of life histories. Evolutionary theories and empirical results indicate that senescence-related traits vary along this continuum, with slow species senescing later and at a slower pace than fast species. Because senescence patterns are typically difficult to estimate from studies in the wild, here we propose to predict the associated trait values in the frame of life-history theory. From a comparative analysis based on 81 free-ranging populations of 72 species of birds and mammals, we find that a nonlinear combination of fecundity, age at first reproduction and survival over the immature stage can account for ca two-thirds of the variance in the age at the onset of actuarial senescence. Our life-history model performs better than a model predicting the onset based on generation time, and it only includes life-history traits during early life as explanatory variables, i.e. parameters that are both theoretically expected to shape senescence and are measurable within relatively short studies. We discuss the goodfit of our life-history model to the available data in the light of current evolutionary theories of senescence. We further use it to evaluate whether studies that provided no evidence for senescence lasted long enough to include the onset of senescence.	[Peron, Guillaume; Gimenez, Olivier; Charmantier, Anne; Crochet, Pierre-Andre] CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France; [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] UCB Lyon, CNRS, Biometrie & Biol Evolut UMR 5558, LBBE, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France	Peron, G (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.	peron_guillaume@yahoo.fr	PERON, Guillaume/C-5379-2013; Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010	PERON, Guillaume/0000-0002-6311-4377			Bryant MJ, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P55, DOI 10.1086/380650; BURNHAM KP, 1987, AM FISHERIES SOC MON, V5; Cailliet GM, 2001, EXP GERONTOL, V36, P739, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00239-4; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Clutton-Brock T. 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J	Matsuura, K; Kobayashi, N				Matsuura, Kenji; Kobayashi, Norimasa			Termite queens adjust egg size according to colony development	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						egg size; eusocial insects; maternal investment; sociogenesis; termites	RETICULITERMES-SPERATUS ISOPTERA; SCLEROTIUM-FORMING FUNGUS; RHINOTERMITIDAE; FOUNDATION; NUMBER; ANT; PLASTICITY; DROSOPHILA; PAIRS	The trade-off between egg size and number is one of the most discussed concepts of the life-history theory. However, little is known about social factors influencing this trade-off in eusocial insects, where queens and workers share energy investment in the brood. During the colony-founding stage, the founder queen produces eggs and also rears the first-brood offspring independently in the absence of workers. The larger colonies have more labor force for brood care, as workers feed larvae until independence, whereas queens need to increase oviposition rates as the colony develops. Thus, social factors, especially the number of workers, should influence the trade-off between egg size and number. The adaptive investment hypothesis predicts that queens allocate more resources to individual eggs in the colony-founding stage and reduce egg size with increasing worker number. We showed that queens produce smaller eggs in larger colonies in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. We found a highly significant negative correlation between egg-laying order and egg size in the colony-founding stage. The first-brood eggs in earlier laying order exhibited shorter hatching periods and developed into larger larvae. Production of remarkably large eggs in the early founding stage likely has great adaptive significance, as the timing of the appearance of the first-brood worker is critical to the survivorship of incipient colonies.	[Matsuura, Kenji; Kobayashi, Norimasa] Okayama Univ, Lab Insect Ecol, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Kita Ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan	Matsuura, K (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Lab Insect Ecol, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Kita Ku, 1-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 7008530, Japan.	kenjijpn@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp	Matsuura, Kenji/B-1573-2011	Matsuura, Kenji/0000-0002-9099-6694	Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [09001407]; Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (PROBRAIN) [07051747]	Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 09001407 to K. M.); The Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (PROBRAIN) (grant no. 07051747 to K. M.).	Azevedo RBR, 1997, AM NAT, V150, P250, DOI 10.1086/286065; Bernasconi G, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P477, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01722-X; Brian M. V., 1964, Insectes Sociaux Paris, V11, P223, DOI 10.1007/BF02222675; BRIAN M. 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Ecol.	SEP-OCT	2010	21	5					1018	1023		10.1093/beheco/arq101				6	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	638OJ	WOS:000280903900020		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lafaille, M; Bimbard, G; Greenfield, MD				Lafaille, Marie; Bimbard, Gaelle; Greenfield, Michael D.			Risk trading in mating behavior: forgoing anti-predator responses reduces the likelihood of missing terminal mating opportunities	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						Acoustic communication; Life history trade-off; Phonotaxis; Reproductive value; Sexual selection; Terminal investment	ACHROIA-GRISELLA LEPIDOPTERA; LESSER WAX MOTH; PREDATION RISK; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; SEXUAL SELECTION; FEMALE CHOICE; ACOUSTIC MOTH; MATE CHOICE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; LIFE EXPECTANCY	Life history theory predicts that organisms make certain adjustments to their current and future reproductive effort such that fitness is maximized. Moreover, these adjustments may be fine tuned in response to risks of attack by natural enemies. Thus, we may predict that as an organism ages it will accept increasing levels of exposure to predators during mating activities, effectively trading the risk of losing terminal mating opportunities for the risk of predation. We tested this prediction in an acoustic moth, Achroia grisella, in which females orient toward and evaluate males based on their ultrasonic calling song, and both sexes may be vulnerable to predation by insectivorous bats while in flight as well as on the substrate. In the latter situation, singing males and orienting females show silence and arrestment responses, respectively, when presented with synthetic bat echolocation signals broadcast above a threshold amplitude. We found that both males and females become less sensitive to these broadcasts over the course of their brief reproductive periods, 7 and 5 days, respectively. Over the same periods, sensitivity to male song in both males and females remains constant, and relatively little senescence in sexual behavior is observed. These results support the risk trading hypothesis, and they indicate that life history principles may apply over a very short lifespan.	[Lafaille, Marie; Bimbard, Gaelle; Greenfield, Michael D.] Univ Tours, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, CNRS, UMR 6035, F-37200 Tours, France	Greenfield, MD (reprint author), Univ Tours, Inst Rech Biol Insecte, CNRS, UMR 6035, F-37200 Tours, France.	michael.greenfield@univ-tours.fr		Greenfield, Michael/0000-0003-1935-3423	Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-BLAN-0113-01]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours; U.S. National Science Foundation [IOB-0516634]	We thank Guy Bourdais, Bruno Brizard, and Fabrice Vannier (I. R. B. I., Tours, France) for technical assistance in the laboratory, Bob Danka and Robin Cargell (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, LA) for helping us to collect our Louisiana population of A. grisella, Bethany Harris and Yihong Zhou (University of Kansas) for helping to breed and rear the population, and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contrat ANR-07-BLAN-0113-01), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (IOB-0516634) for their financial support. We also thank Marlene Goubault, Severine Ligout, Nathan Morehouse, Toomas Tammaru, and an anonymous referee for valuable criticisms of an earlier version of this manuscript.	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J	Dobson, FS; Jouventin, P				Dobson, F. Stephen; Jouventin, Pierre			Testing Williams' prediction: reproductive effort versus residual reproductive value (RRV)	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL-SELECTION; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; GENERATION TIME; STRATEGIES; REGRESSION; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; MAMMALS	Williams (1966; Am. Nat. 100(916): 687-690) furthered R. A. Fisher's concept of reproductive value by breaking it into two components: (1) current reproduction and (2) residual reproductive value (RRV, the summed product of survival and reproduction over the rest of the lifespan). He predicted a negative correlation of measures of these two components among species, and this prediction led in part to the idea of trade-offs in life-history theory. We tested Williams' prediction with 24 species of albatrosses and petrels (order Procellariiformes), species with a great range of body sizes and all laying only one egg at a time (like humans, highly iteroparous). Two measures of reproductive investment were not negatively correlated with RRV. Adjusting data for body mass and phylogeny resulted in significant positive associations. In addition, any measure of annual parental allocation to reproduction (once adjusted for body size) should give a positive association with RRV as shown by a simple simulation model that assumes a highly iteroparous life cycle. Under such life cycles, Williams' prediction confounds the positive influence of reproduction on both current investment and RRV. Principles of life-history theory, however, do not require re-evaluation, as this particular prediction can in at least some cases be internally inconsistent.	[Dobson, F. Stephen; Jouventin, Pierre] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France; [Dobson, F. Stephen] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA	Dobson, FS (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5175, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.	fsdobson@msn.com			Institut polaire francais Paul Emile Victor (IPEV); CNRS	Field support and funding for many of the studies of albatrosses and petrels were provided by the Institut polaire francais Paul Emile Victor (IPEV). Our special thanks go to the over 200 field workers involved in capturing and ringing birds in the French Austral and Antarctic territories during the long-term research. D.N. Reznick and anonymous kindly provided comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. F S. Dobson was supported by a Poste Rouge award from CNRS.	Bielby J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P748, DOI 10.1086/516847; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Charnov EL, 2005, EVOL ECOL RES, V7, P1221; CHEVERUD JM, 1985, EVOLUTION, V39, P1335, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05699.x; Dobson FS, 2007, ECOSCIENCE, V14, P292, DOI 10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[292:FASLHO]2.0.CO;2; Dobson FS, 2007, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V274, P275, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3724; Dobson FS, 2010, CAN J ZOOL, V88, P889, DOI 10.1139/Z10-054; DOBSON FS, 1985, EVOLUTION, V39, P1384, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05703.x; DOBSON FS, 2007, SOCIAL BIOL RODENTS, P99; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; FISHER R. A., 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; Gaillard JM, 2005, AM NAT, V166, P119, DOI 10.1086/430330; Garland T, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P346, DOI 10.1086/303327; Garland T, 1999, AM ZOOL, V39, P374; GOODMAN D, 1982, AM NAT, V119, P803, DOI 10.1086/283956; GRAFEN A, 1989, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V326, P119, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1989.0106; Harvey P. H., 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO; HIRSHFIELD MF, 1975, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V72, P2227, DOI 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2227; Jouventin P, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1955, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2080; JOUVENTIN P, 1981, TERRE VIE-REV ECOL A, V35, P217; Kennedy M, 2002, AUK, V119, P88, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0088:SSCPEO]2.0.CO;2; MILES DB, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P848, DOI 10.1086/285361; Oli MK, 2005, AM NAT, V166, P124, DOI 10.1086/430332; Oli MK, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P422, DOI 10.1086/367591; PIANKA ER, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P453, DOI 10.1086/283013; POPPER KR, 1958, LOGIC SCI DISCOVERY; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Roff D. A., 2001, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff Derek A., 1992; *SAS I INC, 1990, SAS US GUID STAT; Schulte-Hostedde AI, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P155, DOI 10.1890/04-0232; Sibly RM, 2009, AM NAT, V173, pE185, DOI 10.1086/598680; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tickell W.L.N., 2000, ALBATROSSES; Warham J, 1990, PETRELS THEIR ECOLOG; WEIMERSKIRCH H, 1987, OIKOS, V49, P315, DOI 10.2307/3565767; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461	38	0	0	0	13	CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS	OTTAWA	65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA	0008-4301	1480-3283		CAN J ZOOL	Can. J. Zool.	SEP	2010	88	9					900	904		10.1139/Z10-055				5	Zoology	Zoology	659SN	WOS:000282587300008					2018-11-12	
J	Cho, I; Horn, L; Felix, TM; Foster, L; Gregory, G; Starz-Gaiano, M; Chambers, MM; De Luca, M; Leips, J				Cho, Irene; Horn, Lucas; Felix, Tashauna M.; Foster, Leanne; Gregory, Gwendolyn; Starz-Gaiano, Michelle; Chambers, Michelle M.; De Luca, Maria; Leips, Jeff			Age- and Diet-Specific Effects of Variation at S6 Kinase on Life History, Metabolic, and Immune Response Traits in Drosophila melanogaster	DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY			English	Article							LOCI AFFECTING LONGEVITY; S6 KINASE; NATURAL-SELECTION; P70S6 KINASE; CELL-SIZE; FAT-BODY; SPAN; STORAGE; ACTIVATION; PATHWAY	Life history theory hypothesizes that genetically based variation in life history traits results from alleles that alter age-specific patterns of energy allocation among the competing demands of reproduction, storage, and maintenance. Despite the important role that alleles with age-specific effects must play in life history evolution, few naturally occurring alleles with age-specific effects on life history traits have been identified. A recent mapping study identified S6 kinase (S6k) as a candidate gene affecting lipid storage in Drosophila. S6k is in the target of rapamycin pathway, which regulates cell growth in response to nutrient availability and has also been implicated to influence many life history traits from fecundity to life span. In this article, we used quantitative complementation tests to examine the effect of allelic variation at S6k on a range of phenotypes associated with metabolism and fitness in an age-, diet-, and sex-specific manner. We found that alleles of S6k have pleiotropic effects on total protein levels, glycogen storage, life span, and the immune response and demonstrate that these allelic effects are age, diet, and sex specific. As many of the genes in the target of rapamycin pathway are evolutionarily conserved, our data suggest that genes in this pathway could play a pivotal role in life history evolution in a wide range of taxa.	[Chambers, Michelle M.; De Luca, Maria] Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA; [Cho, Irene; Horn, Lucas; Felix, Tashauna M.; Foster, Leanne; Gregory, Gwendolyn; Starz-Gaiano, Michelle; Leips, Jeff] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA	De Luca, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.	mdeluca2@uab.edu; leips@umbc.edu		De Luca, Maria/0000-0001-6345-7508	NIH [5R01HL80812]; NSF [DEB-0349856]	Thanks to Allen Mosenkis and Ankita Tandon, who helped with life span assay. We also thank two anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions significantly improved the article. This work was supported by an NIH Grant 5R01HL80812 and NSF Grant DEB-0349856.	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SEP	2010	29	9					473	485		10.1089/dna.2009.0997				13	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity	646BP	WOS:000281510200003	20491566	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Buoro, M; Prevost, E; Gimenez, O				Buoro, Mathieu; Prevost, Etienne; Gimenez, Olivier			INVESTIGATING EVOLUTIONARY TRADE-OFFS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR): INCORPORATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES AND INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Bayesian inference; cost of reproduction; life-history theory; selective survival; state-space model	LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; MARK-RECAPTURE DATA; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; REPRODUCTIVE COSTS; SMOLT RECRUITMENT; TAG RETENTION; ENERGY STORES; VAN-NOORDWIJK; JONG MODEL; RED DEER	Evolutionary trade-offs among demographic parameters are important determinants of life-history evolution. Investigating such trade-offs under natural conditions has been limited by inappropriate analytical methods that fail to address the bias in demographic estimates that can result when issues of detection (uncertain detection of individual) are ignored. We propose a new statistical approach to quantify evolutionary trade-offs in wild populations. Our method is based on a state-space modeling framework that focuses on both the demographic process of interest as well as the observation process. As a case study, we used individual mark-recapture data for stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon juveniles in the Scorff River (Southern Brittany, France). In freshwater, juveniles face two life-history choices: migration to the ocean and sexual maturation (for males). Trade-offs may appear with these life-history choices and survival, because all are energy dependent. We found a cost of reproduction on survival for fish staying in freshwater and a survival advantage associated with the "decision" to migrate. Our modeling framework opens up promising prospects for the study of evolutionary trade-offs when some life-history traits are not, or only partially, observable.	[Buoro, Mathieu; Gimenez, Olivier] Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France; [Buoro, Mathieu; Prevost, Etienne] INRA, UMR Ecobiop, F-64310 St Pees Nivelle, France; [Prevost, Etienne] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, UMR Ecobiop, F-64600 Anglet, France	Buoro, M (reprint author), Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, UMR 5175, Campus CNRS,1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.	mathieu.buoro@cefe.cnrs.fr; eprevost@st-pee.inra.fr; olivier.gimenez@cefe.cnrs.fr	Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010	Buoro, Mathieu/0000-0001-7053-3767	French Research National Agency (ANR) [ANR-08-JCJC-0028-01]	We thank N. Jeannot (INRA, U3E, Pont-Scorff), J. Rives, F. Lange, and F. Gueraud (INRA, Ecobiop, St Pee sur Nivelle), Y. Guilloux (Federation de peche du Morbihan, Pont-Scorff) and other technical staff members for their help in collecting field data. We also thank P. Doherty for critical readings of earlier versions of the manuscript and G. 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J	Czarnoleski, M; Olejniczak, P; Mikolajczak, P; Lembicz, M; Kozlowski, J				Czarnoleski, Marcin; Olejniczak, Pawel; Mikolajczak, Paulina; Lembicz, Marlena; Kozlowski, Jan			Fungal endophytes protect grass seedlings against herbivory and allow economical seed production	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						fungal endophytes; herbivory; life history; resource allocation; seedlings; seed mass; seed quality; snails	TALL FESCUE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTES; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; GROWTH; ALKALOIDS; REPRODUCTION; PLANTS; SIZE	Background: When infected with seed-transmitted fungal endophytes, some grasses produce a larger quantity of seeds, although these seeds are smaller than normal. The principles of life-history theory suggest that this size reduction could evolve if the infection reduces predation pressure. Question: Does the endophyte protect grass seedlings against herbivory? Hypothesis: Herbivores consume more seedlings that develop from endophyte-free grass seeds than from endophyte-infected grass seeds. Organisms: Epichloe typhina is the seed-transmitted endophytic fungus, the weeping alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans) seedlings are the hosts, and the grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis) is the herbivore. Methods: Our experiment consisted of two 66-h food-choice tests. The tests were performed consecutively and on the same individual snails. We offered snails freshly harvested weeping alkaligrass seedlings with and without the endophyte. Results: Starved snails consumed approximately 20% less biomass of infected seedlings than uninfected seedlings. When the same snails were tested again shortly after their first contact with the endophyte, they exhibited an approximately 40% reduction in seedling consumption, and food discrimination became undetectable. Conclusions: Toxins produced by endophytic fungi reduce the vulnerability of grass seedlings to snail herbivory	[Mikolajczak, Paulina; Lembicz, Marlena] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Plant Taxon, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland; [Olejniczak, Pawel] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, Krakow, Poland; [Czarnoleski, Marcin; Kozlowski, Jan] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Krakow, Poland	Lembicz, M (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Plant Taxon, Umultowska 89, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland.	lembicz@amu.edu.pl	Kozlowski, Jan/K-5549-2012	Kozlowski, Jan/0000-0002-7084-2030	Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [2P04F01530]	We thank A. Leuchtmann (Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Zurich, Switzerland), E. Obarska (Department of Plant Taxonomy, A. Mickiewicz University), and C.L. Schardl (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky) for comments on the manuscript. K. Gorzynska helped with seed collection. The work was supported by grant #2P04F01530 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.	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J	Satterthwaite, WH; Kitaysky, AS; Hatch, SA; Piatt, JF; Mangel, M				Satterthwaite, William H.; Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Hatch, Scott A.; Piatt, John F.; Mangel, Marc			Unifying quantitative life-history theory and field endocrinology to assess prudent parenthood in a long-lived seabird	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						black-legged kittiwake; CORT-fitness hypothesis; corticosterone; endocrinology; life history; prudent parent	BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; STRESS-RESPONSE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SURVIVAL; AGE; BIRD; CORTICOSTERONE; EXPERIENCE; SENESCENCE	Question: Can field measurements of stress hormones help us to assess the prudent parent hypothesis in a long-lived seabird? Organism: Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla. Location: Duck and Gull Islands, Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA. Methods: We examined the statistical relationship between the stress hormone corticosterone and mortality in black-legged kittiwakes. We built a demographic model of the kittiwake life cycle to determine whether the mortality rates associated with persisting in a breeding attempt despite high corticosterone caused the birds to sacrifice more lifetime reproductive output than they gain from one year's breeding. Results: The probability of apparent mortality increased with corticosterone, suggesting some birds incurred increased mortality risk for the sake of breeding. For Duck Island (low reproductive success), it appears birds sacrificed more lifetime reproductive success than a prudent parent would. On Gull Island, it appears most but possibly not all birds were behaving in ways consistent with theory, although definitive statements require larger samples of highly stressed birds.	[Satterthwaite, William H.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Satterthwaite, William H.] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA USA; [Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Hatch, Scott A.; Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA	Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	satterth@darwin.ucsc.edu		Satterthwaite, William/0000-0002-0436-7390; Piatt, John/0000-0002-4417-5748	North Pacific Research Board [320, B74, B67, B77]; USGS Alaska Science Center	This work was supported by funding from the North Pacific Research Board (Project #320 for fieldwork, BEST-BSIERP projects B74, B67, and B77 for 'modelling and manuscript preparation) and the USGS Alaska Science Center. We thank S. Carlson, H. Satterthwaite, A. Shelton, the Mangel-Wilmers-Kilpatrick lab group, and the BSIERP patch dynamics team for helpful comments. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This study was conducted under the University of Washington and the University of Alaska IACUC protocols and all necessary government and state permits. This paper is BEST-BSIERP Publication #2 and NPR B Publication #282.	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Ecol. Res.	SEP	2010	12	6					779	792						14	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	741BR	WOS:000288838600007					2018-11-12	
J	Leong, W; Pawlik, JR				Leong, Wai; Pawlik, Joseph R.			Fragments or propagules? Reproductive tradeoffs among Callyspongia spp. from Florida coral reefs	OIKOS			English	Article							ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; SPONGES; DISPERSAL; PORIFERA; PLANTS; DEMOSPONGIAE; PROPAGATION; STRATEGIES	Fragmentation and propagule formation are alternative reproductive strategies found in both plants and animals, with the latter generally providing greater dispersal capability. When both strategies occur, life history theory predicts that resources should be divided between the two. On coral reefs, both strategies are exhibited by branching corals and sponges, which are broken-up after storm events and rapidly recolonize. In this study, we compared two congeneric Caribbean reef sponges, Callyspongia armigera, which is branched and easily fragmented, and C. vaginalis, which is not, to test whether there is a tradeoff in growth and propagule formation for C. armigera relative to C. vaginalis. Both species were equally abundant on coral reefs off Key Largo, Florida (10.1 +/- 3.7 vs 11.9 +/- 3.0 per 100 m(2), respectively), suggesting that they are equally successful relative to two other non-fragmenting congeneric species (C. fallax and C. plicifera) that are much less common. The number of substratum attachment points per sponge was significantly higher for C. armigera compared to C. vaginalis (2.31 +/- 1.47 vs 1.03 +/- 0.18 sponge(-1)), providing further evidence of the reliance of C. armigera on fragmentation, and of C. vaginalis on recruitment from larval settlement and subsequent growth. Growth rates in predator-exclusion experiments were similar to 4-fold higher for C. armigera compared to C. vaginalis (0.36 +/- 0.31 vs 0.08 +/- 0.11 % initial mass day(-1)), but C. armigera produced similar to 13-fold fewer propagules than C. vaginalis (0.04 +/- 0.22 vs 0.53 +/- 1.08 % tissue area). Our results support a tradeoff between growth and propagule output for C. armigera relative to C. vaginalis, suggesting that these closely related sponge species took different evolutionary trajectories in reconciling their resource constraints.	[Leong, Wai] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA; Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA	Leong, W (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 5600 Marvin Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.	pawlikj@uncw.edu		Pawlik, Joseph/0000-0002-8559-8456	National Science Foundation [OCE-0095724, 0550468]; NOAA's Undersea Research Center at the Univ. of North Carolina Wilmington [NA 96RU-0260]	Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation, Biological Oceanography Program (OCE-0095724, 0550468) and by NOAA's Undersea Research Center at the Univ. of North Carolina Wilmington (NA 96RU-0260). Sponge collections in Key Largo, Florida, were conducted under National Marine Sanctuary Permit FKNMS-2001-021 in compliance with the laws of the State of Florida and the USA. We thank H. Feddern, T. Henkel, S. McMurray, T.-L. Loh, D. Hines and S. Lopez-Legentil, and a long list of diving helpers who worked on the growth experiments for assistance in the field and the laboratory. Richard Dillaman and Mark Gay provided assistance with histological procedures and resources.	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J	Graf, M; Cellerino, A; Englert, C				Graf, Michael; Cellerino, Alessandro; Englert, Christoph			Gender Separation Increases Somatic Growth in Females but Does Not Affect Lifespan in Nothobranchius furzeri	PLOS ONE			English	Article							CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; HISTORY EVOLUTION; AGING RESEARCH; MODEL SYSTEM; FRUIT-FLIES; REPRODUCTION; COST; LONGEVITY; MORTALITY; VERTEBRATE	According to life history theory, physiological and ecological traits and parameters influence an individual's life history and thus, ultimately, its lifespan. Mating and reproduction are costly activities, and in a variety of model organisms, a negative correlation of longevity and reproductive effort has been demonstrated. We are employing the annual killifish Nothobranchius furzeri as a vertebrate model for ageing. N. furzeri is the vertebrate displaying the shortest known lifespan in captivity with particular strains living only three to four months under optimal laboratory conditions. The animals show explosive growth, early sexual maturation and age-dependent physiological and behavioural decline. Here, we have used N. furzeri to investigate a potential reproduction-longevity trade-off in both sexes by means of gender separation. Though female reproductive effort and offspring investment were significantly reduced after separation, as investigated by analysis of clutch size, eggs in the ovaries and ovary mass, the energetic surplus was not reallocated towards somatic maintenance. In fact, a significant extension of lifespan could not be observed in either sex. This is despite the fact that separated females, but not males, grew significantly larger and heavier than the respective controls. Therefore, it remains elusive whether lifespan of an annual species evolved in periodically vanishing habitats can be prolonged on the cost of reproduction at all.	[Graf, Michael; Cellerino, Alessandro; Englert, Christoph] FLI, Leibniz Inst Age Res, Jena, Germany	Englert, C (reprint author), FLI, Leibniz Inst Age Res, Jena, Germany.	cenglert@fli-leibniz.de	Cellerino, Alessandro/M-9380-2013	Cellerino, Alessandro/0000-0003-3834-0097; Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-5931-3189	Leibniz Institute for Age Research	This work was supported by the host institution, namely the Leibniz Institute for Age Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.	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J	Gilbert, JDJ; Manica, A				Gilbert, James D. J.; Manica, Andrea			Parental Care Trade-Offs and Life-History Relationships in Insects	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						reproductive allocation; parental investment; clutch size; phylogenetic-comparative method; information theory; density dependence	SAFE-HARBOR HYPOTHESIS; EGG-SIZE; BODY-SIZE; PATERNAL CARE; CLUTCH SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MATERNAL-CARE; LITTER SIZE; NEOTROPICAL HARVESTMAN; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS	Insect parental care is extensive and varied, but its life-history implications have never been comparatively tested. Using original and literature data, we tested predictions about egg size, egg number (lifetime fecundity), and body size under different parental care modes across a phylogeny of 287 insect species. Life-history theory and both comparative and intraspecific evidence from ectotherms suggest parental care should select for bigger, fewer eggs, but that allometric scaling of egg size and lifetime fecundity may depend on whether care consists of provisioning (density-dependent offspring survival) or merely guarding (density-independent offspring survival). Against expectation, egg size was indistinguishable among parental care modes, covarying only with body size. This refutes most theory of egg size evolution under parental care. Lifetime fecundity scaled differently depending on parental investment-positively under no care and guarding, as in most ectotherms, but negatively under provisioning. Reproductive allocation in provisioning insects resembled that in mammals and birds, also groups with obligate provisioning. We propose that the metabolic demands of multiple offspring must scale with species body size more steeply than the parent's provisioning capacity, resulting in larger females laying fewer eggs. These patterns lay the groundwork for a more general understanding of parental care and life history.	[Gilbert, James D. J.; Manica, Andrea] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England; [Gilbert, James D. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA	Gilbert, JDJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.	james.gilbert@cantab.net	Manica, Andrea/B-5497-2008; Gilbert, James/A-8965-2010	Manica, Andrea/0000-0003-1895-450X; Gilbert, James/0000-0001-7014-2803	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [02/A1/S/8091]; Balfour-Browne Fund; Chibnall Fund; Cambridge Philosophical Society	We wish to thank K. Isvaran, S. Qader, and members of the Large Animal Research Group, University of Cambridge, for statistical advice; L. Browning, F. Gilbert, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript; and J. Hill for help weighing museum specimens. This work was funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship 02/A1/S/8091 to J. D. J. G. and by scholarships from the Balfour-Browne Fund, the Chibnall Fund, and the Cambridge Philosophical Society.	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Nat.	AUG	2010	176	2					212	226		10.1086/653661				15	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	621SJ	WOS:000279602900013	20528469				2018-11-12	
J	Torriani, MVG; Mazzi, D; Hein, S; Dorn, S				Torriani, Marco V. G.; Mazzi, Dominique; Hein, Silke; Dorn, Silvia			Direct and correlated responses to artificial selection on flight activity in the oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						dispersal evolution; Grapholita (= Cydia) molesta; invasive species; life-history; theory trade-off	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BUTTERFLY PARARGE-AEGERIA; QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; TRADE-OFFS; EPIPHYAS-POSTVITTANA; DISPERSAL EVOLUTION; POPULATION BIOLOGY; GRYLLUS-ASSIMILIS	The ability of a sufficient number of individuals to disperse is crucial for long-term survival of populations. However, dispersal is often energetically costly, and thus is expected to trade-off against other life-history traits. In insect pest species, the occurrence of individuals with high flight activity challenges management practices. We performed artificial selection on flight activity and measured correlated responses to selection in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita (= Cydia) molesta, a widely distributed and expanding lepidopteran pest of fruit crops. Both sexes rapidly responded to the imposed regime of divergent selection, indicating an adaptive potential of flight activity in this species. Upward-selected moths died sooner than downward-selected ones, providing evidence for a cost of flight activity to adult survival, reputedly associated with enhanced metabolic rates. Oppositely-selected females had similar total reproductive output, disproving a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction, although females with higher flight activity laid their eggs sooner. The ratio of body weight to forewing surface (forewing loading) did not significantly differ between selected lines. The present study contributes to the understanding of dispersal evolution, and also provides new insights into life-history theory as well as important baseline data for the improvement of pest management practices. (C) 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 879-889.	[Torriani, Marco V. G.; Mazzi, Dominique; Hein, Silke; Dorn, Silvia] ETH, Inst Plant Anim & Agroecosyst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland	Mazzi, D (reprint author), ETH, Inst Plant Anim & Agroecosyst Sci, Schmelzbergstr 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.	dominique.mazzi@ipw.agrl.ethz.ch					Beeke H., 1991, TORTRICID PESTS THEI, P65; BERRIGAN D, 1991, OIKOS, V60, P313, DOI 10.2307/3545073; Berwaerts K, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P484, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00650.x; Berwaerts K, 2004, OECOLOGIA, V141, P536, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1661-9; Berwaerts K, 2008, EVOLUTION, V62, P2525, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00456.x; Berwaerts K, 2006, BIOL J LINN SOC, V89, P675, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00699.x; Bloem S, 2006, J ECON ENTOMOL, V99, P707; Bloem S, 2006, J ECON ENTOMOL, V99, P699; Bonte D, 2007, EVOL ECOL RES, V9, P817; Bowler DE, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P205, DOI 10.1017/S1464793104006645; Brakefield PM, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P1661, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1661:ASATDO]2.0.CO;2; BULLOCK JM, 2002, DISPERSAL ECOLOGY; Clobert J, 2009, ECOL LETT, V12, P197, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01267.x; COATS SA, 1987, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V80, P697, DOI 10.1093/aesa/80.5.697; Crawley M. 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J. Linnean Soc.	AUG	2010	100	4					879	889		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01466.x				11	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	640PA	WOS:000281062500012		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Del Giudice, M; Belsky, J				Del Giudice, Marco; Belsky, Jay			Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis	CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES			English	Article						attachment; evolution; sex differences; middle childhood; romantic attachment	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SELF-REPORTS; MOTHER; ASSOCIATIONS; ADRENARCHE; REPRESENTATIONS; PERSONALITIES	J. Bowlby's (1969/1982) theory of attachment, focused as it was on the survival function of attachment behaviors that the ethology of the time emphasized, led to the expectation that there would be no sex differences in patterns of attachment. Modern evolutionary thinking, however, building on insights of life history theory, parental investment theory, and sexual selection, yields an alternative prediction-that adaptive sex differences in attachment should emerge in middle childhood and be present in adults, consistent with sexual differentiation of reproductive strategies. This article reviews the theoretical basis of this expectation, including the recent proposal that a hormonally driven reorganization of attachment occurs at the beginning of middle childhood. Available data and various methodological issues involved in empirically testing the proposed model are discussed. It argues that life history theory offers a powerful organizing principle for understanding the emergence of individual differences, providing developmental researchers with exciting opportunities for empirical discovery and theoretical synthesis.	[Del Giudice, Marco] Univ Turin, Ctr Cognit Sci, Dept Psychol, I-10123 Turin, Italy; [Belsky, Jay] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England	Del Giudice, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Ctr Cognit Sci, Dept Psychol, Via 14, I-10123 Turin, Italy.	marco.delgiudice@unito.it	Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010	Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573; Belsky, Jay/0000-0003-2191-2503			Adkins-Regan E, 2005, HORMONES ANIMAL SOCI; Ammaniti M, 2000, Attach Hum Dev, V2, P328, DOI 10.1080/14616730010001587; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Auchus RJ, 2004, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V60, P288, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01858.x; Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P22, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0900003X; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF02913039; BELSKY J, 2005, ORIGINS SOCIAL MIND, P139; Belsky J, 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P141; BELSKY J, 1997, PSYCHOL INQ, V8, P82; Belsky J, 2009, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P345, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01136.x; Bernier Annie, 2002, Attach Hum Dev, V4, P171, DOI 10.1080/14616730210157457; Bjorklund DF, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V122, P153, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.122.2.153; Bogin B, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P109, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.109; Bowlby J., 1973, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V2; Bowlby J, 1980, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V3; Bowlby J., 1982, ATTACHMENT AND LOSS, V1; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Brennan K. 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Perspect.	AUG	2010	4	2					97	105		10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x				9	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	625YJ	WOS:000279932500006					2018-11-12	
J	Thompson, RA				Thompson, Ross A.			Attachment and Life History Theory: A Rejoinder	CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES			English	Editorial Material						attachment; life history theory; sex differences	INFANT ATTACHMENT; REPRESENTATIONS; METAANALYSIS	M. Del Giudice and J. Belsky (this issue) derive several provocative hypotheses from the application of life history theory to attachment, especially concerning the emergence of sex differences in insecurity in middle childhood. This commentary highlights the significant gaps in research knowledge that must be addressed before the merits of their proposals can be evaluated. It also examines the multiple meanings and functions of "attachment" as this term applies to child-parent and adult affectional relationships, and their association. Their ideas certainly deserve further exploration, especially in the broader context of elucidating the life-span implications of early attachment within the framework of life history theory.	Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Thompson, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	rathompson@ucdavis.edu					AINSWORTH MDS, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P709, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.44.4.709; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bernier Annie, 2002, Attach Hum Dev, V4, P171, DOI 10.1080/14616730210157457; Bjorklund DF, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V122, P153, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.122.2.153; Bowlby J., 1982, ATTACHMENT AND LOSS, V1; CHISHOLM J, 1996, HUMAN NATURE, V1, P1; Del Giudice M, 2010, CHILD DEV PERSPECT, V4, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x; DeWolff MS, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P571, DOI 10.2307/1132107; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Hesse E., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, V2, P552; Simpson Jeffry A., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P131; Sroufe L. A., 2005, DEV PERSON MINNESOTA; Thompson R., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P348, DOI DOI 10.2304/GSCH.2012.2.2.158; THOMPSON RA, 2006, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V3, P24, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470147658.CHPSY0302; VAN IJZENDOORN MH, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P387, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.387; van Ijzendoorn MH, 1996, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V64, P8, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.64.1.8; Waters E, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P703, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00179	17	1	1	0	6	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1750-8592			CHILD DEV PERSPECT	Child Develop. Perspect.	AUG	2010	4	2					106	108		10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00126.x				3	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	625YJ	WOS:000279932500007					2018-11-12	
J	Nevoux, M; Forcada, J; Barbraud, C; Croxall, J; Weimerskirch, H				Nevoux, Marie; Forcada, Jaume; Barbraud, Christophe; Croxall, John; Weimerskirch, Henri			Bet-hedging response to environmental variability, an intraspecific comparison	ECOLOGY			English	Article						bet-hedging strategy; Black-browed Albatross; environmental variability; evolutionary strategy; life history traits	BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-HISTORY; DIOMEDEA-MELANOPHRIS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; BREEDING PERFORMANCE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; FEEDING ECOLOGY	A major challenge in ecology is to understand the impact of increased environmental variability on populations and ecosystems. To maximize their fitness in a variable environment, life history theory states that individuals should favor a bet-hedging strategy, involving a reduction of annual breeding performance and an increase in adult survival so that reproduction can be attempted over more years. As a result, evolution toward longer life span is expected to reduce the deleterious effects of extra variability on population growth, and consequently on the trait contributing the most to it (e. g., adult survival in long-lived species). To investigate this, we compared the life histories of two Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) populations breeding at South Georgia (Atlantic Ocean) and Kerguelen (Indian Ocean), the former in an environment nearly three times more variable climatically (e. g., in sea surface temperature) than the latter. As predicted, individuals from South Georgia (in the more variable environment) showed significantly higher annual adult survival (0.959, SE = 0.003) but lower annual reproductive success (0.285 chick per pair, SE = 0.039) than birds from Kerguelen (survival = 0.925, SE = 0.004; breeding success = 0.694, SE = 0.027). In both populations, climatic conditions affected the breeding success and the survival of inexperienced breeders, whereas the survival of experienced breeders was unaffected. The strength of the climatic impact on survival of inexperienced breeders was very similar between the two populations, but the effect on breeding success was positively related to environmental variability. These results provide rare and compelling evidence to support bet-hedging underlying changes in life history traits as an adaptive response to environmental variability.	[Nevoux, Marie; Barbraud, Christophe; Weimerskirch, Henri] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, UPR 1934, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; [Forcada, Jaume; Croxall, John] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England	Nevoux, M (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Agr, Ctr Agri Environm Res, POB 237, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England.	m.nevoux@reading.ac.uk	Barbraud, Christophe/A-5870-2012		British Antarctic Survey; Institut Polaire Francais IPEV [109]; Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises; ANR REMIGE; Natural Environment Research Council [bas0100025]	We are grateful to all the field workers involved in the longterm monitoring studies at South Georgia and Kerguelen. We thank D. Besson for data management, and H. Sandvik and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. At South Georgia the study was supported by the British Antarctic Survey contributing to the PSPE program. At Kerguelen the study was supported by Institut Polaire Francais IPEV (Programme 109 to H. Weimerskirch) and by Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises, and was part of the programme ANR REMIGE (ANR 2005 Biodiversite-11). We are also grateful to the Region Poitou-Charentes (grant M. Nevoux).	Boyce MS, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.018; BULMER MG, 1985, AM NAT, V126, P63, DOI 10.1086/284396; Burnham K. 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J	Loewen, TN; Gillis, D; Tallman, RF				Loewen, Tracey N.; Gillis, Darren; Tallman, Ross F.			Maturation, growth and fecundity of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), life-history variants co-existing in lake systems of Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada	HYDROBIOLOGIA			English	Article						Von Bertalanffy; Lake-resident; Anadromy; Fecundity; Growth models; Age at maturity; Size at maturity	AT-AGE DATA; NORTH NORWAY; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SEA-RUN; SIZE; PATTERNS; SVALBARD; MODELS; FISHES	Two life-history variants of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), anadromous and lake-resident, have been previously identified in lakes of Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. In accordance with classical life-history theory, it is hypothesised that anadromous charr will delay maturation in both size and age, and have increased fecundity (per spawning event) in comparison with lake-resident charr. Sagittal otoliths and biological data were collected for both life-history variants within the three studied lakes: Iqalugaarjuit, Qasigiat and Qinngu. Sagittal otoliths were embedded in epoxy resin, cross-sectioned for age determination, and imaged for back-calculation (size and age). Back-calculated data in each lake were fit to von Bertalanffy growth models for each life-history variant and compared via analysis of residual sums of squares. Anadromous charr had greater mean size at maturity and experienced a delay in mean age at maturity in comparison with lake-residents. The relationship between size and fecundity or egg diameter did not differ between the two life-history variants. Growth models indicate that the overall growth coefficients of lake-resident and anadromous charr were different in all three studied lakes. The Brody growth coefficient for all lake-resident charr populations was greater than anadromous individuals indicating that maximum length was reached at a rapid rate, resulting in a smaller asymptotic length. Indirect evidence suggests that anadromous and lake-resident charr belong to one reproductive population. Future genetic analysis is necessary to further determine the degree of divergence between the life-history variants.	[Loewen, Tracey N.; Tallman, Ross F.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Loewen, Tracey N.; Gillis, Darren] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada	Loewen, TN (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.	tracey.loewen@dfo-mpo.gc.ca			Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, Government of Nunavut (Fisheries and Sealing Sector); Baffin Fisheries Coalition; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada; Nunavut Implementation Funds	This research was done in coordination with Fisheries and Oceans Canada stock assessment surveys of Arctic charr on Baffin Island. The Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, Government of Nunavut (Fisheries and Sealing Sector), Baffin Fisheries Coalition, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Nunavut Implementation Funds provided financial support for the study. Pangnirtung Fisheries Limited, Mayukalik Hunters and Trappers Organisation and Pangnirtung Hunters and Trappers Organisation provided logistic support and/or traditional knowledge that greatly aided in the advancement of our research. Thanks to all the Pangnirtung and Kimmirut community members who participated in field data collection over several years of data collection. Thank you to Jim Reist for his reviews of this article prior to publication. In memory of Davidee Evic, a fisherman who was great help in the collection of Arctic charr data in Cumberland Sound. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to substantially improve this article.	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J	Tarkan, AS; Cucherousset, J; Zieba, G; Godard, MJ; Copp, GH				Tarkan, A. S.; Cucherousset, J.; Zieba, G.; Godard, M. J.; Copp, G. H.			Growth and reproduction of introduced goldfish Carassius auratus in small ponds of southeast England with and without native crucian carp Carassius carassius	JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	International Conference and Workshop on Managing Alien Species for Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and Fisheis	NOV 05-07, 2008	Univ Florence, Florence, ITALY		Univ Florence		FRESH-WATER FISHES; FERAL GOLDFISH; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; DANUBE; LAKES; AGE; L.	The ornamental Asiatic species, goldfish Carassius auratus, was introduced to open waters of the UK in the late 17th century. The species reproduces readily in small ponds and threatens native species, in particular crucian carp Carassius carassius, but surprisingly there are no known published studies on the growth and reproduction of feral pond populations of this species in the UK and relatively few elsewhere. The aim of the present study was to assess the growth (back-calculated length at age), body condition and reproduction (fecundity, egg size, length and age at maturity) of goldfish living in small ponds of Epping Forest (northeast London, England), either alone (allopatry) or with (sympatry) native crucian carp, in order to provide the necessary background information to inform the risk assessment of this non-native fish species. Growth increments in the allopatric goldfish populations were similar, with progressively declining growth increments with increasing age. This contrasts with goldfish living in sympatry with crucian carp Carassius carassius, where growth increments remained high for ages 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4. Body condition values varied little, but goldfish living in allopatry had significantly greater condition than those living in sympatry with crucian carp. Sexual maturity was achieved by at least some age 1+ fish in all populations, with young mean ages (1.0-1.7 years) and short mean standard lengths (50.0-63.4 mm SL) at maturity in females relative to an introduced population in Italy (2.1 years and 139.2 mm SL, respectively). The results are discussed within the context of life-history theory.	[Tarkan, A. S.; Cucherousset, J.; Zieba, G.; Godard, M. J.; Copp, G. H.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Salmon & Freshwater Team, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England; [Cucherousset, J.] Univ Toulouse 3, EcoLab Lab Ecol Fonct, UMR 5245, F-31062 Toulouse, France; [Cucherousset, J.; Copp, G. H.] Bournemouth Univ, Sch Conservat Sci, Poole BH12 5BB, Dorset, England	Copp, GH (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Salmon & Freshwater Team, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.	gordon.copp@cefas.co.uk	Cucherousset, Julien/B-5709-2011	Zieba, Grzegorz/0000-0003-4443-6802; Cucherousset, Julien/0000-0003-0533-9479			ANDREWS C, 1990, J FISH BIOL, V37, P53, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05020.x; ATKINSON D, 1994, ADV ECOL RES, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3; Bagenal T. 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J., 1990, ECOLOGY TELEOST FISH; Zar J.H, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	49	12	12	0	21	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0175-8659			J APPL ICHTHYOL	J. Appl. Ichthyol.	AUG	2010	26			2			102	108		10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01506.x				7	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	639MS	WOS:000280979500016					2018-11-12	
J	English, S; Nakagawa, S; Clutton-Brock, TH				English, S.; Nakagawa, S.; Clutton-Brock, T. H.			Consistent individual differences in cooperative behaviour in meerkats (Suricata suricatta)	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						consistency; cooperation; cooperative breeding; individual variation; intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC); personality; repeatability	PARENTAL CARE; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; ANIMAL PERSONALITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; ZEBRA FINCH; TRADE-OFFS; REPEATABILITY; EVOLUTION; HELPERS; FEMALES	Although recent models for the evolution of personality, using game theory and life-history theory, predict that individuals should differ consistently in their cooperative behaviour, consistent individual differences in cooperative behaviour have rarely been documented. In this study, we used a long-term data set on wild meerkats to quantify the repeatability of two types of cooperative care (babysitting and provisioning) within individuals and examined how repeatability varied across age, sex and status categories. Contributions to babysitting and provisioning were significantly repeatable and positively correlated within individuals, with provisioning more repeatable than babysitting. While repeatability of provisioning was relatively invariant across categories of individuals, repeatability of babysitting increased with age and was higher for subordinates than dominants. These results provide support for theoretical predictions that life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of consistent individual differences in cooperative behaviour and raise questions about why some individuals consistently help more than others across a suite of cooperative behaviours.	[English, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Large Anim Res Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England; [Nakagawa, S.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin, New Zealand	English, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Large Anim Res Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.	se238@cam.ac.uk	English, Sinead/N-6348-2014; Nakagawa, Shinichi/B-5571-2011	English, Sinead/0000-0003-2898-2301; Nakagawa, Shinichi/0000-0002-7765-5182	NERC [NER/S/A/2005/13275]	We thank Andrew Bateman, Lucy Browning, Nichola Raihani, Stuart Sharp, Alastair Wilson and one anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Northern Cape Conservation and the Kotze family for permission to conduct work in the Kalahari and to the many volunteers, PhD students, post-doctoral researchers and field staff members who have contributed to the long-term database of the Kalahari Meerkat Project. SE was funded by NERC grant NER/S/A/2005/13275.	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J	Honer, OP; Wachter, B; Hofer, H; Wilhelm, K; Thierer, D; Trillmich, F; Burke, T; East, ML				Hoener, Oliver P.; Wachter, Bettina; Hofer, Heribert; Wilhelm, Kerstin; Thierer, Dagmar; Trillmich, Fritz; Burke, Terry; East, Marion L.			The fitness of dispersing spotted hyaena sons is influenced by maternal social status	NATURE COMMUNICATIONS			English	Article							DOMINATED MAMMALIAN SOCIETY; CROCUTA-CROCUTA; LONG-TERM; SEX-RATIOS; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; REPRODUCTION; PATERNITY; BABOONS	Life history theory predicts that mothers should provide their offspring with a privileged upbringing if this enhances their offspring's and their own fitness. In many mammals, high-ranking mothers provide their offspring with a privileged upbringing. Whether dispersing sons gain fitness benefits during adulthood from such privileges (a 'silver spoon' effect) has rarely been examined. In this paper, we show that in the complex, female-dominated society of spotted hyaenas, high-born sons grew at higher rates, were more likely to disperse to clans offering the best fitness prospects, started reproducing earlier and had a higher reproductive value than did lower-born sons. This illustrates the evolutionary importance of maternal effects even in societies in which male size or fighting ability does not influence fitness. By demonstrating for the first time in a non-human mammal that maternal status influences immigration patterns, the study also advances our understanding of two key ecological and evolutionary processes, dispersal and habitat selection.	[Hoener, Oliver P.; Wachter, Bettina; Hofer, Heribert; Wilhelm, Kerstin; Thierer, Dagmar; East, Marion L.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Res Grp Evolutionary Ecol, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; [Trillmich, Fritz] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; [Burke, Terry] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Honer, OP (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Res Grp Evolutionary Ecol, D-10315 Berlin, Germany.	Hoener@izw-berlin.de	Honer, Oliver/N-3224-2014; Burke, Terry/B-3196-2011	Honer, Oliver/0000-0002-0658-3417; Burke, Terry/0000-0003-3848-1244; Hofer, Heribert/0000-0002-2813-7442	Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research; Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung; Stifterverband der deutschen Wissenschaft; Max Planck Society; German Academic Exchange Service DAAD; Messerli Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HO 2498/3-1]	We thank the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology for permission to conduct the study, the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority, and A. Francis, L. Kimaay, T. Ndooto, T. Karya, L. Oltumo and G. Orio for their assistance. This study was funded by the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, the Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung, the Stifterverband der deutschen Wissenschaft, the Max Planck Society, the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD, the Messerli Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant HO 2498/3-1).	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AUG	2010	1								60	10.1038/ncomms1059				7	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	673FV	WOS:000283645400011	20975715	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Proffitt, KM; Rotella, JJ; Garrott, RA				Proffitt, Kelly M.; Rotella, Jay J.; Garrott, Robert A.			Effects of pup age, maternal age, and birth date on pre-weaning survival rates of Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica	OIKOS			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; LONG-TERM EVALUATION; MCMURDO-SOUND; FUR SEALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TROPICALIS; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS	Identifying factors affecting juvenile survival is important to understanding the dynamics of populations and may also provide insights into life history theory and the selective forces shaping evolution. Quantifying the relative influence of the various potential selective forces for the post-birth, maternal dependency, and independent periods is difficult and often limits investigators to estimating a single juvenile survival rate for the first year of life, or from birth to recruitment. We examined survival of individually marked Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii pups during the maternal dependency period in Erebus Bay, Antarctica from 2005-2007. We used mark-recapture models to evaluate competing a priori hypotheses regarding variation in daily pre-weaning survival rates (phi) during the first 42 days of age. The a priori model receiving the most support from the data supported several of our predictions: (phi) over cap increased with pup age and was higher for pups born later in the season and to older mothers. Increases in (phi) over cap with increasing pup age may have been due to improved resilience to the environment, phenotypic selection against the frailest pups, or both. Maternal age was more important to (phi) over cap than was maternal experience or age of primiparity, potentially indicating that age-related increases in body mass allow greater offspring provisioning, or age-related improvements in competitive abilities benefit offspring during the period of maternal care. Depending on the timing of birth and the age of the mother, (phi) over cap (42 days) ranged from 0.79 ( SE = 0.05) to 0.98 ( SE = 0.01). These exceptionally high pre-weaning survival rates contrast with estimates from other large terrestrial and marine mammal species where neonate survival is considerably lower and suggest that in species with similar life histories, pre-weaning survival probability may be buffered from both predators and environmental fluctuations during the period of maternal nutritional dependency. Climatic changes affecting stability of ice used for pupping substrate or extent of fast-ice buffering pupping colonies from predators have the potential to reduce pre-weaning survival and may have important implications for population growth rates.	[Proffitt, Kelly M.; Rotella, Jay J.; Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA	Proffitt, KM (reprint author), Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, 1400 S 19th St, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.	kproffitt@mt.gov			National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [OPP-0635739]	This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (grant no. OPP-0635739 to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella and D. B. Siniff). Prior NSF grants to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, D. B. Siniff and J. W. Testa supported collection of data used in this paper. Animal handling protocols were approved by Montana State Univ.'s Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank J. D. Nichols for discussions that led to this work and many helpful suggestions during the analysis. We also thank the many individuals that have worked on the Erebus Bay Weddell seal project since the 1960s, and we thank D. B. Siniff for providing comments that improved this manuscript. We thank Subject Editor J. Vucetich for providing comments that improved the manuscript.	BARBERMEYER SM, 2008, WILDIFE MONOGR, V169; Beauplet G, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P1160, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01016.x; Bowyer RT, 1998, J MAMMAL, V79, P1332, DOI 10.2307/1383025; Boyd IL, 1996, J MAMMAL, V77, P124, DOI 10.2307/1382714; BOYD IL, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V24, P377, DOI 10.1007/BF00293265; Burnham K. 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K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT ANIM	76	12	12	1	38	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0030-1299	1600-0706		OIKOS	Oikos	AUG	2010	119	8					1255	1264		10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18098.x				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	631OE	WOS:000280356200006					2018-11-12	
J	Restif, O; Amos, W				Restif, Olivier; Amos, William			The evolution of sex-specific immune defences	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						adaptive dynamics; evolutionarily stable strategies; pathogens; coevolution; sexual reproduction; immunocompetence	HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; MATE CHOICE; RESISTANCE; DIMORPHISM; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; STRATEGIES; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSMISSION	Why do males and females often differ in their ability to cope with infection? Beyond physiological mechanisms, it has recently been proposed that life-history theory could explain immune differences from an adaptive point of view in relation to sex-specific reproductive strategies. However, a point often overlooked is that the benefits of immunity, and possibly the costs, depend not only on the host genotype but also on the presence and the phenotype of pathogens. To address this issue we developed an adaptive dynamic model that includes host-pathogen population dynamics and host sexual reproduction. Our model predicts that, although different reproductive strategies, following Bateman's principle, are not enough to select for different levels of immunity, males and females respond differently to further changes in the characteristics of either sex. For example, if males are more exposed to infection than females (e. g. for behavioural reasons), it is possible to see them evolve lower immunocompetence than females. This and other counterintuitive results highlight the importance of ecological feedbacks in the evolution of immune defences. While this study focuses on sex-specific natural selection, it could easily be extended to include sexual selection and thus help to understand the interplay between the two processes.	[Restif, Olivier] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England; [Amos, William] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England	Restif, O (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England.	or226@cam.ac.uk		Restif, Olivier/0000-0001-9158-853X	Royal Society	We thank C. Russell for stimulating discussion and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. O.R. is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship.	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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUL 22	2010	277	1691					2247	2255		10.1098/rspb.2010.0188				9	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	608FX	WOS:000278569700019	20335214	Green Published, Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Herring, G; Gawlik, DE; Cook, MI; Beerens, JM				Herring, Garth; Gawlik, Dale E.; Cook, Mark. I.; Beerens, James M.			SENSITIVITY OF NESTING GREAT EGRETS (ARDEA ALBA) AND WHITE IBISES (EUDOCIMUS ALBUS) TO REDUCED PREY AVAILABILITY	AUK			English	Article						Ardea alba; clutch size; Eudocimus albus; Florida Everglades; Great Egret; nesting ecology; nest survival; White Ibis	WADING BIRDS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; REPRODUCTIVE PHASES; BROOD REDUCTION; BREEDING BIRDS; FOOD; POPULATION; PATTERNS; HISTORY; SUCCESS	Life-history theory suggests that long-lived bird species will adjust their nesting effort according to current conditions to balance the costs and benefits of current reproduction with their long-term needs for survival and future reproduction. However, responses to the same habitat conditions may differ between species, even within the same ecosystem, to produce different nesting and population patterns. We examined differences in the nesting ecology of two sympatric wading species, Great Egret (Ardea alba) and White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), between years with high (2006) and below-average (2007) prey availability in the Florida Everglades. Clutch size of White Ibises decreased by similar to 19% from 2006 to 2007, whereas Great Egret clutch size remained constant. Model selection identified rain, water depth, Julian date, year, and prey biomass as parameters that most influenced daily survival rates (DSR) of White Ibis nests, whereas nest stage, region, Julian date, water depth, and the quadratic form of water recession rate most influenced Great Egret nest DSR. Daily survival for both Great Egret and Whites Ibis nests was higher in 2006 (DSR = 0.992 and 0.999, respectively) than in 2007 (DSR = 0.981 and 0.979). Our results support the hypothesis that prey availability and hydrological factors play crucial roles in regulating populations of wading birds in the Florida Everglades. Results also demonstrated that White Ibis reproduction was more sensitive to changes in hydrological conditions and prey availability than Great Egret reproduction. Received 21 August 2009, accepted 23 January 2010.	[Herring, Garth; Gawlik, Dale E.; Beerens, James M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA; [Cook, Mark. I.] S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA	Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	gherring@ucdavis.edu			U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; South Florida Water Management District; Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge	Funding for research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and South Florida Water Management District. We thank T. Dean for his support in implementing this study. We appreciate the support and cooperation of the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge staff. P. Dixon, H. Herring, S. Milton, A. Rodewald, J. Volin, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on drafts of the manuscript. We thank our field research crews and fellow researchers that assisted in collection of field data: T. Anderson, T. Beck, E. Call, H. Herring, N. Hill, A. Horton, B. Imdieke, M. Kobza, and S. Lantz. Research techniques were approved by the Florida Atlantic University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol A0534) and conducted under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Permit 23354 and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Scientific Research Permit WX04487.	AKAIKE H, 1974, IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR, VAC19, P716, DOI 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705; Bancroft G. Thomas, 1994, P615; Bancroft GT, 2002, WATERBIRDS, V25, P265, DOI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0265:DOWBRT]2.0.CO;2; Beerens J. 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J	Scott, LE; Johnson, JB				Scott, Laura E.; Johnson, Jerald B.			Does sympatry predict life history and morphological diversification in the Mexican livebearing fish Poeciliopsis baenschi?	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						geometric morphometrics; life-history theory; Poeciliidae; resource competition; sympatry	ECOLOGICAL CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; BRACHYRHAPHIS-RHABDOPHORA; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; EVOLUTION; GUPPIES; PREDATION; OVERLAP; SIZE	Understanding why some species coexist and others do not remains one of the fundamental challenges of ecology. Although there is evidence to suggest that closely-related species are unlikely to occupy the same habitat because of competitive exclusion, there are many cases where closely-related species do co-occur. Research comparing sympatric and allopatric populations of co-occurring species provides a framework for understanding the role of phenotypic diversification in species coexistence. In the present study, we compare phenotypic divergence between sympatric and allopatric populations of the livebearing fish, Poeciliopsis baenschi. We focus on life-history traits and body shape, comprising two sets of integrated traits likely to diverge in response to varying selective pressures. Given that males and females can express different phenotypic traits, we also test for patterns of divergence among sexes by comparing size at maturity and sexual dimorphism in body shape between males and females in each population type. We take advantage of a natural experiment in western Mexico where, in some locations, P. baenschi co-occur with a closely-related species, Poeciliopsis turneri (sympatric populations) and, in other locations, they occur in isolation (allopatric populations). The results obtained in the present study show that sympatric populations of P. baenschi differed significantly in life-history traits and in body shape compared to their allopatric counterparts. Additionally, males and females showed different responses for size at maturity in sympatric conditions versus allopatric conditions. However, the amount of sexual dimorphism did not differ between sympatric and allopatric populations of P. baenschi. Hence, we conclude that not all traits show similar levels of phenotypic divergence in response to sympatric conditions. (C) 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 608-618.	[Scott, Laura E.; Johnson, Jerald B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Johnson, Jerald B.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA	Scott, LE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA.	laurascott.byu@gmail.com			BYU Department of Biology; BYU Office of Graduate Studies; Roger Sant Endowment	We thank M. Belk, R. Rader, and B. Adams for providing constructive comments on the manuscript. J. Rasmussen and E. Billman provided input on geometric morphometric analysis. UNAM and J. J. Zuniga-Vega helped secure permits and provided logistical support during fieldwork. This study was supported by grants from BYU Department of Biology, BYU Office of Graduate Studies, and the Roger Sant Endowment. We thank E. Schott, A. Camargo, and K. Stilson for field and laboratory help.	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J	Monticelli, D; Ceia, R; Heleno, R; Laborda, H; Timoteo, S; Jareno, D; Hilton, GM; Ramos, JA				Monticelli, David; Ceia, Ricardo; Heleno, Ruben; Laborda, Hugo; Timoteo, Sergio; Jareno, Daniel; Hilton, Geoff M.; Ramos, Jaime A.			High survival rate of a critically endangered species, the Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina, as a contribution to population recovery	JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Article						Individual covariates; Mark-recapture; Population management; Pyrrhula murina; Azores; Survival	MARKED ANIMALS; BIRDS; PASSERINE; ISLANDS; TRENDS; SEX; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; LATITUDE; ECOLOGY	This paper reports analyses of a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) dataset of 149 Azores Bullfinches ringed on So Miguel island (Azores) between 2005 and 2007, and recaptured-resighted on a monthly basis over a 4-year period (2005-2008) throughout their breeding range. We examined the effect of time, age (adults vs. juveniles), gender (adult males and females), and environmental covariates (temperature, rainfall, NAO index) on survival probabilities. The modelling found a high and constant monthly survival probability (mean +/- A SE) estimated at 0.96 +/- A 0.01, similar between both adults and juveniles and independent of environmental conditions and gender. These findings agree with expectations from island-based life-history theory where relatively mild conditions and lack of predators should favour high survival rates to compensate for the low reproductive output. The annual survival rate was estimated at 0.62, which was also consistent with this pattern when compared with survival estimates of mainland bullfinch and passerine species on other subtropical islands obtained in similar CMR studies. Based on a canonical estimator, the size of the studied population (mean +/- A SE) was estimated at 1608 +/- A 326 individuals. Given that the population size was only around 120-400 individuals in the early 1990s, we suggest that the high survival probabilities currently applying to this critically endangered species may have substantially contributed to the recent recovery of this population. Future research studies on the species' demography should continue to monitor survival in order to measure the effect of management interventions currently taking place within the range of the Azores Bullfinch, including the restoration of the biodiversity rich laurel forest, but also focusing on nest success, which is important for understanding population dynamics.	[Monticelli, David] Gembloux Agr Univ, Lab Trop & Subtrop Forestry, Unit Forest & Nat Management, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; [Ceia, Ricardo; Laborda, Hugo; Timoteo, Sergio; Jareno, Daniel] Soc Portuguesa Estudo Aves, P-1250140 Lisbon, Portugal; [Heleno, Ruben] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England; [Hilton, Geoff M.] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England; [Heleno, Ruben; Ramos, Jaime A.] Univ Coimbra, Inst Marine Res IMAR CMA, Dept Life Sci, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal	Monticelli, D (reprint author), Gembloux Agr Univ, Lab Trop & Subtrop Forestry, Unit Forest & Nat Management, 2 Passage Deportes, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.	monticelli.david@gmail.com	Ramos, Jaime/B-6616-2018; Timoteo, Sergio/R-1885-2017; Heleno, Ruben/A-5778-2011; Hilton, Geoff/H-3086-2017	Ramos, Jaime/0000-0002-9533-987X; Timoteo, Sergio/0000-0003-2417-3259; Heleno, Ruben/0000-0002-4808-4907; Hilton, Geoff/0000-0001-9062-3030; Monticelli, David/0000-0002-6566-7346			Akaike H, 1973, INT S INF THEOR, P267, DOI DOI 10.2307/2334537; Arosa ML, 2009, ARDEOLA, V56, P71; Bannerman D. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Steifetten O, 2006, BIOL CONSERV, V132, P88, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.016; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; Williams B. K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT ANIM	48	9	9	1	17	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0021-8375			J ORNITHOL	J. Ornithol.	JUL	2010	151	3					627	636		10.1007/s10336-010-0501-4				10	Ornithology	Zoology	611QW	WOS:000278836600010					2018-11-12	
J	Jennings, DJ; Carlin, CM; Hayden, TJ; Gammell, MP				Jennings, Domhnall J.; Carlin, Caitriona M.; Hayden, Thomas J.; Gammell, Martin P.			Investment in fighting in relation to body condition, age and dominance rank in the male fallow deer, Dama dama	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						body condition; contest structure; Dama dama; fallow deer; fighting; life history; reproductive effort	DEPENDENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MATING STRATEGIES; ANIMAL CONTESTS; DECISION RULES; ENERGETIC COST; ANTLER LENGTH; BIGHORN RAMS; BEHAVIOR; UNGULATE; SUCCESS	According to life history theory, males of iteroparous species are expected to trade off investment between current and future reproduction based on age ( mating strategy or terminal investment hypotheses) or body condition ( individual quality hypothesis). However, although central to this latter model, the question concerning whether and to what extent condition regulates competitive investment in polygynous species is unknown. Consequently, we investigated this issue with reference to fight structure in fallow deer contests. Support for the individual quality hypothesis was limited: males with larger necks as determined by prerut neck girth fought for longer than males with smaller necks. However, prime-aged males had higher investment in fighting than preprime- or postprime-aged males indicating that investment in fighting might be age related. Other aspects of our results also failed to support condition-related predictions; although we found that jump clashing and vocal rate were related to weight loss and decline in neck girth, respectively, there was no relationship between investment in fighting and prerut measures of body size. Moreover, we also found that rank was predicted by investment in fighting ( backward pushing) rather than body condition. Our results show that, in addition to body condition and age, variation in competitive investment between individuals also influences reproductive effort in the fallow deer. (C) 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Jennings, Domhnall J.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England; [Carlin, Caitriona M.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Environm Sci, Galway, Ireland; [Hayden, Thomas J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland; [Gammell, Martin P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland	Jennings, DJ (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.	domhnall.jennings@ncl.ac.uk		Gammell, Martin/0000-0001-9663-8989	Centre for Behaviour and Evolution at Newcastle University	We extend our thanks to our colleagues at the Mammal Research Group for their help in the field. We also thank Clare Cunningham, Daniel Nettle, Ben Brilot and three anonymous referees for their comments on the manuscript. M. P. G. and C. M. C. received financial support from Enterprise Ireland. This work was also supported by an academic visit grant from the Centre for Behaviour and Evolution at Newcastle University to M. P. G.	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Behav.	JUN	2010	79	6					1293	1300		10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.02.031				8	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	599SM	WOS:000277933400016					2018-11-12	
J	Dunkel, CS; Weber, JL				Dunkel, Curtis S.; Weber, Jennifer L.			Using Three Levels of Personality to Predict Time Perspective	CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Time perspective; Life history; Big Five; Identity	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; GENERAL FACTOR	While there is accumulating evidence that individual differences in time perspective are important predictors of a diverse set of psychosocial outcomes, there is little understanding concerning the possible origins of these individual differences. To begin to examine the possible predictors of individual differences in time perspectives, three levels of personality (life history strategy, the Big Five personality traits, and identity) were used to predict the five time perspectives identified by Zimbardo and Boyd (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288, 1999). The results are discussed in terms of the ability of the three levels of personality, in combination and individually, to predict the time perspectives.	[Dunkel, Curtis S.; Weber, Jennifer L.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	c-dunkel@wiu.edu					Adelabu DH, 2007, ADOLESCENCE, V42, P525; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; BERZONSKY M. D., 2007, IDENTITY STYLE UNPUB; Diaz-Morales JF, 2008, J GEN PSYCHOL, V135, P228, DOI 10.3200/GENP.135.3.228-240; Dunkel C, 2006, POSSIBLE SELVES THEO; DUNKEL C, 2003, ADV PSYCHOL RES; Dunkel CS, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P681, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.014; Dunkel CS, 2009, REV GEN PSYCHOL, V13, P13, DOI 10.1037/a0013687; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Harber KD, 2003, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V25, P255, DOI 10.1207/S15324834BASP2503_08; Holman EA, 2005, MOTIV EMOTION, V29, P389, DOI 10.1007/s11031-006-9018-9; Horstmanshof L, 2007, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V77, P703, DOI 10.1348/000709906X160778; John O. P., 2008, HDB PERSONALITY THEO, P114, DOI DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530; Kruger D. J., 2008, J SOCIAL EVOLUTIONAR, V2, P1, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099336; Lounsbury JW, 2007, IDENTITY, V7, P51, DOI 10.1080/15283480701319641; McAdams D. P., 2008, HDB PERSONALITY THEO; McAdams DP, 2006, AM PSYCHOL, V61, P204, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204; Packard BWL, 2006, IDENTITY, V6, P251, DOI 10.1207/s1532706xid0603_3; Padawer EA, 2007, CURR PSYCHOL, V26, P102, DOI 10.1007/s12144-007-9008-4; Rushton JP, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P679, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.015; Rushton JP, 2008, J RES PERS, V42, P1173, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.002; Rushton JP, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P437, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.015; Thornhill R, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P215, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.01.005; Zimbardo PG, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P1271, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1271	24	15	16	0	15	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1046-1310			CURR PSYCHOL	Curr. Psychol.	JUN	2010	29	2					95	103		10.1007/s12144-010-9074-x				9	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	593EL	WOS:000277435300002					2018-11-12	
J	Kitaysky, AS; Piatt, JF; Hatch, SA; Kitaiskaia, EV; Benowitz-Fredericks, ZM; Shultz, MT; Wingfield, JC				Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Piatt, John F.; Hatch, Scott A.; Kitaiskaia, Evgenia V.; Benowitz-Fredericks, Z. Morgan; Shultz, Michael T.; Wingfield, John C.			Food availability and population processes: severity of nutritional stress during reproduction predicts survival of long-lived seabirds	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						corticosterone; disturbance; kittiwake; life-history theory; stress hormone; trade-off	BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; CORTICOSTERONE BINDING GLOBULIN; BASE-LINE CORTICOSTERONE; MURRE URIA-AALGE; LOWER COOK INLET; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; FORAGING CONDITIONS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA	P>1. Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between costs of current reproduction and future survival of individuals. Studies of short-lived animals in general support this prediction. However, the effect of nutritional stress during reproduction on survival of long-lived animals is poorly understood. 2. We examined the link between nutritional stress, fecundity and return to a breeding colony (hereafter 'survival') of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) at two colonies with contrasting patterns in adult survival, fecundity, and numerical trends. 3. We tested the observational (at Duck and Gull Is., Cook Inlet, Northern Gulf of Alaska) and experimental (at Middleton I., Gulf of Alaska) relationships between variations in the secretion of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) and food abundance. Then, we examined the relationships between nutritional stress (as reflected in CORT), reproduction, and survival of individuals. 4. On average, CORT was higher in kittiwakes breeding on Duck I. (declining, low fecundity, high survival) compared to those breeding on Gull I. (increasing, high fecundity, low survival). 5. At both colonies, CORT was directly negatively correlated with food abundance quantified at sea. Experimental feeding of individuals ad libitum resulted in a reduction of CORT in birds breeding on Middleton I. These results suggest that CORT is a reliable measure of food availability and defines nutritional stress (stress) in kittiwakes. 6. On Gull I., where survival is low (86%), production of young declined as stress increased. On Duck I., where survival is high (93%), parents always failed in raising young, though they experienced a wide range of stress levels. 7. Survival of individuals is linked to their CORT levels during reproduction. High levels of CORT predicted disappearance of individuals from both colonies. 8. The results support the hypothesis that nutritional stress during reproduction affects both survival and reproduction in long-lived animals. However, even within a species the ways in which survival and reproduction trade-off against each other may vary among populations. Results suggest that reproductive consequences of nutritional stress might differ between declining and increasing populations, which should be tested. We conclude that severity of nutritional stress during reproduction is one of the major factors defining population processes in kittiwakes.	[Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Kitaiskaia, Evgenia V.; Benowitz-Fredericks, Z. Morgan; Shultz, Michael T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Piatt, John F.; Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA; [Benowitz-Fredericks, Z. Morgan] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA; [Wingfield, John C.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA	Kitaysky, AS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.	ffask@uaf.edu		Piatt, John/0000-0002-4417-5748; Benowitz-Fredericks, Z Morgan/0000-0002-9265-3169	EVOS Trustees Council; North Pacific Research Board; NPRB; NSF EPSCoR; USGS; Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks	This study was supported by grants from the EVOS Trustees Council and North Pacific Research Board; financial support during manuscript preparation was also provided by NPRB, NSF EPSCoR, USGS, and the Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks. We are grateful to Sandy Talbot for expertly conducting genetic sexing. Thank you to A. Abookire, M. Arumitsu, J. Benson, D. Black, L. Ochikubo, A. Chapman, J. Figurski, M. Gray, A. Harding, G. Hoffman, C. Hovnanian, B. Keitt, R. Kitaysky, M. Litzow, K. Mangel, A. Nielsen, R. Papish, M. Post, M. Schultz, G. Snegden, B. Smith, T. Van Pelt, M. Wada, S. Wang, J. Wetzel, S. Wright, S. Zador, and S. Zuniga for their great field work. G. Hunt, M. Romero, R. Young, J. Welcker, two anonymous reviewers and FE editors provided useful comments and constructive critiques on earlier drafts of manuscript. This study was conducted under the University of Washington and the University of Alaska IACUC protocols and all required government and state permits.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Suryan RM, 2009, PROG OCEANOGR, V81, P214, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.012; Welcker J, 2009, FUNCT ECOL, V23, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01585.x; Wingfield J.C., 1997, P267; WINGFIELD JC, 1992, J EXP ZOOL, V264, P419, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402640407; Wingfield JC, 2002, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V42, P600, DOI 10.1093/icb/42.3.600; WINGFIELD JC, 1975, STEROIDS, V26, P311, DOI 10.1016/0039-128X(75)90077-X; WINGFIELD JC, 1994, PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, P520	84	84	87	2	79	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0269-8463			FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	JUN	2010	24	3					625	637		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01679.x				13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	581FW	WOS:000276508000015		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Neill, DB				Neill, Dawn B.			Extrinsic Risk	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Editorial Material						Extrinsic risk; Parental investment; Life history theory; Life expectancy; Time preference			Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA	Neill, DB (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Social Sci, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.	dbneill@calpoly.edu					Anderson KG, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P103, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9087-z; BORGERHOFF MM, 1992, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, P339; Chisholm JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Hill K, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P397, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.397; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; NEILL DB, 2010, HUMAN NATURE, V21; PENNINGTON R, 1988, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V77, P303, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330770304; Quinlan RJ, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P124, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9085-1; Quinn J, 2006, METH MOLEC MED, V121, P125; Schechter DE, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P140, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9084-2; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST	12	1	1	0	1	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1045-6767			HUM NATURE-INT BIOS	Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.	JUN	2010	21	2					99	102		10.1007/s12110-010-9083-3				4	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	615JB	WOS:000279129700001					2018-11-12	
J	Anderson, KG				Anderson, Kermyt G.			Life Expectancy and the Timing of Life History Events in Developing Countries	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Life history theory; Life expectancy; Fertility; HIV/AIDS risk behaviors; Demographic and Health Surveys	MORTALITY-RATES; 1ST BIRTH; AGE; RISK; HIV; MARRIAGE; AFRICA; SEX	Life history theory predicts that greater extrinsic mortality will lead to earlier and higher fertility. To test this prediction, I examine the relationship between life expectancy at birth and several proxies for life history traits (ages at first sex and first marriage, total fertility rate, and ideal number of children), measured for both men and women. Data on sexual behaviors come from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Two separate samples are analyzed: a cross-sectional sample of 62 countries and a panel sample that includes multiple cross-sectional panels from 48 countries. Multivariate regression analysis is used to control for potential confounding variables. The results provide only partial support for the predictions, with greater support among women than men. However, the prediction is not supported in sub-Saharan African countries, most likely owing to the nonequilibrium conditions observed in sub-Saharan Africa with respect to life expectancy. The applicability of the model to understanding HIV/AIDS risk behaviors is discussed.	Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA	Anderson, KG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, 521 Dale Hall Tower,455 W Lindsey, Norman, OK 73019 USA.	kganders@ou.edu					Anderson KG, 2007, INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC, V33, P98, DOI 10.1363/3309807; Ashford L. S., 2006, HIV AIDS AFFECT POPU; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; BURGER O, 2010, P ROYAL SOC B, V27, P773; Burton L M, 1990, Hum Nat, V1, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF02692149; CATANIA J, 1990, HLTH ED Q, V17, P121; *CENTR INT AG, 2007, WORLD FACTB 2007; Chisholm JS, 2005, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V16, P233, DOI 10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Clark S, 2004, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V35, P149, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2004.00019.x; Daly M., 1988, HOMICIDE; DEROSE LF, 2005, 25 INT POP C IUSSP T; DEROSE LF, 2006, POP ASS AM ANN M LOS; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; GANT LM, 2009, J SOCIAL WORK PUBLIC, V24, P39; Geronimus AT, 1996, SOC SCI MED, V42, P589, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00159-X; Geronimus AT, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF02732898; HARVEY PH, 1985, NATURE, V315, P319, DOI 10.1038/315319a0; HEATH KM, 2004, HUM BEH EV SOC M BER; Hill EM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF02913037; Kaplan H, 1996, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V39, P91; Kruger DJ, 2006, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V17, P74, DOI 10.1007/s12110-006-1021-z; Lamptey PR, 2006, POPUL BULL, V61, P3; LANCASTER JB, 1991, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V34, P1; LANCASTER JB, 1997, FEMINISM EVOLUTIONAR, P466; Low BS, 2008, CROSS-CULT RES, V42, P201, DOI 10.1177/1069397108317669; Low BS, 2002, AM J HUM BIOL, V14, P149, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10043; Mirowsky J, 2005, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V46, P32, DOI 10.1177/002214650504600104; Neff J A, 1998, Ethn Health, V3, P283; *POP REF BUR, 2001, 2001 WORLD POP DAT S; *POP REF BUR, 2007, 2007 WORLD POP DAT S; *POP REF BUR, 2000, 2000 WORLD POP DAT S; Population Reference Bureau, 2004, 2004 WORLD POP DAT S; PROMISLOW DEL, 1991, ACTA OECOL, V12, P119; Quinlan RJ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P121, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3690; ROSENSTOCK IM, 1994, PREVENTING AIDS THEO, P5; StataCorp, 2007, STAT STAT SOFTW REL; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Ueyama M, 2009, DEMOGRAPHY, V46, P43, DOI 10.1353/dem.0.0039; *UN, 2005, POP HIV AIDS 2005; *UN, 2008, WORLD FERT PATT 2007; *UNAIDS, 2008, 2008 REP GLOB AIDS E; Walker RS, 2008, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V275, P827, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.1511; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271; WOJCICKI JM, 2004, J BIOSOC SCI, V37, P1	45	17	17	0	8	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1045-6767			HUM NATURE-INT BIOS	Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.	JUN	2010	21	2					103	123		10.1007/s12110-010-9087-z				21	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	615JB	WOS:000279129700002					2018-11-12	
J	Schechter, DE; Francis, CM				Schechter, Deborah E.; Francis, Cyrilla M.			A Life History Approach to Understanding Youth Time Preference	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Life history theory; Time preference; Attachment; Cortisol; Risk behavior; Adolescence	SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDERS; FAMILY ENVIRONMENT; SALIVARY CORTISOL; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; TEENAGE CHILDBEARING; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; STRESS REACTIVITY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; FATHER ABSENCE; PARENTAL LOSS	Following from life history and attachment theory, individuals are predicted to be sensitive to variation in environmental conditions such that risk and uncertainty are internalized by cognitive, affective, and psychobiological mechanisms. In turn, internalizing of environmental uncertainty is expected to be associated with attitudes toward risk behaviors and investments in education. Native American youth aged 10-19 years (n = 89) from reservation communities participated in a study examining this pathway. Measures included family environmental risk and uncertainty, present and future time perspective, adolescent attachment, attitudes toward risk, investments in education, and salivary cortisol. Results support the idea that environmental risk and uncertainty are internalized during development. In addition, internalizing mechanisms significantly predicted attitudes toward risk and education: (1) lower scores on future time perspective and higher cortisol predicted higher scores on risk attitudes, and (2) higher scores on future time perspective and lower scores on problems with attachment predicted higher self-reported school performance. Gender differences were seen, with males anticipating a shorter lifespan than females, which predicted higher scores on risk attitudes and lower school performance. Implications for research on adolescent problem behavior and academic achievement are discussed.	[Schechter, Deborah E.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Francis, Cyrilla M.] Pleasant Point, Perry, ME USA	Schechter, DE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	dschecht@u.washington.edu; cyril@nsppp.nashville.ihs.gov					ABELABU DH, 2007, ADOLESCENCE, V42, P525; Andersen S, 2008, ECONOMETRICA, V76, P583, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0262.2008.00848.x; [Anonymous], 2004, J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B, V10, P433, DOI [10.1089/152460901300233902, DOI 10.1089/152460901300233902]; Apostolidis T, 2006, ADDICT BEHAV, V31, P2339, DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.008; Baker F, 2003, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V112, P382, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.382; Beauvais F, 2004, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V34, P493; Beauvais F, 2007, SUBST USE MISUSE, V42, P591, DOI 10.1080/10826080701202171; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF02913039; Bereczkei T, 2001, INT J BEHAV DEV, V25, P501, DOI 10.1080/01650250042000573; Bickel WK, 2001, ADDICTION, V96, P73, DOI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961736.x; Borowsky IW, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, pE81, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-3425; BOWLBY J, 1969, ATTACHMENT, V1; Bowlby J., 1973, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Boyd JN, 2005, UNDERSTANDING BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF TIME: THEORY , RESEARCH AND APPLICATION, P85; Caspers KM, 2005, ADDICT BEHAV, V30, P1007, DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.09.001; Chasiotis A, 1998, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V9, P321, DOI 10.1007/s12110-998-1008-z; Chisholm JS, 1999, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V10, P51, DOI 10.1007/s12110-999-1001-1; Chisholm JS, 2005, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V16, P233, DOI 10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Chisholm JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; CHISHOLM JS, 1988, SOCIOBIOLOGICAL PERS, P78, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-3760-0_3; Cook PA, 2001, PUBLIC HEALTH, V115, P54, DOI 10.1016/S0033-3506(01)00414-0; CUTRONA CE, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P369, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.369; DeCaro JA, 2008, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V50, P183, DOI 10.1002/dev.20255; Decker SA, 2000, HORM BEHAV, V38, P29, DOI 10.1006/hbeh.2000.1597; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Elgar FJ, 2003, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V34, P35, DOI 10.1023/A:1025349908855; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Elzinga BM, 2008, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V33, P227, DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.11.004; Finkelstein DM, 2007, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V40, P127, DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.006; FLINN MV, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P854, DOI 10.1086/204444; Frederick S, 2002, J ECON LIT, V40, P351, DOI 10.1257/002205102320161311; Geronimus AT, 1999, SOC SCI MED, V49, P1623, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00246-4; GERONIMUS AT, 1987, POPUL DEV REV, V13, P245, DOI 10.2307/1973193; Gordon CP, 1996, ADOLESCENCE, V31, P561; Gunnar MR, 1996, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V29, P191, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199604)29:3<191::AID-DEV1>3.0.CO;2-M; Gunnar MR, 2002, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V27, P199, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00045-2; Hall PA, 2003, PSYCHOL HEALTH, V18, P685, DOI 10.1080/0887044031000110447; HAMMOND WA, 2000, CANADIAN NATIV UNPUB; Henson JM, 2006, J BEHAV MED, V29, P127, DOI 10.1007/s10865-005-9027-2; HERTSGAARD L, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P1100, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00925.x; Hill EM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF02913037; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; Horstmanshof L, 2007, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V77, P703, DOI 10.1348/000709906X160778; Ivan Z, 2006, J CULTURAL EVOLUTION, V4, P267, DOI DOI 10.1556/JCEP.4.2006.3-4.5; Jacobsen T, 1997, DEV PSYCHOL, V33, P703, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.703; Keough KA, 1999, BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH, V21, P149, DOI 10.1207/S15324834BA210207; KIESS W, 1995, PEDIATR RES, V37, P502, DOI 10.1203/00006450-199504000-00020; KIRSCHBAUM C, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V28, P76, DOI 10.1159/000119004; Kostelecky KL, 2005, J ADOLESCENCE, V28, P665, DOI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.12.006; Kruger D. 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J	Gotthard, K; Berger, D				Gotthard, K.; Berger, D.			The diapause decision as a cascade switch for adaptive developmental plasticity in body mass in a butterfly	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Lepidoptera; life history theory; modularity; Pararge aegeria; phenotypic plasticity; threshold trait	PARARGE-AEGERIA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SEASONAL POLYPHENISM; EVOLUTION; FLIGHT; SIZE; SEX; CONSEQUENCES; OVIPOSITION; TEMPERATURE	Switch-induced developmental plasticity, such as the diapause decision in insects, is a major form of adaptation to variable environments. As individuals that follow alternative developmental pathways will experience different selective environments the diapause decision may evolve to a cascade switch that induces additional adaptive developmental differences downstream of the diapause decision. Here, we show that individuals following alternative developmental pathways in a Swedish population of the butterfly, Pararge aegeria, display differential optimization of adult body mass as a likely response to predictable differences in thermal conditions during reproduction. In a more northern population where this type of selection is absent no similar difference in adult mass among pathways was found. We conclude that the diapause decision in the southern population appears to act as a cascade switch, coordinating development downstream of the diapause decision, to produce adult phenotypes adapted to the typical thermal conditions of their expected reproductive period.	[Gotthard, K.; Berger, D.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Berger, D.] Univ Zurich Irchel, Zool Museum, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Gotthard, K (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	karl.gotthard@zoologi.su.se	Gotthard, Karl/F-1163-2011		Swedish Research Council	We thank C. Wiklund, M. Friberg and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript, and in particular we thank C. Wiklund for sharing unpublished data on the phenology of P. aegeria in southern Sweden. This study was supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (VR) to KG.	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M., 1976, EVOL BIOL, V9, P259; SHREEVE TG, 1986, ECOL ENTOMOL, V11, P325, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1986.tb00309.x; Snell-Rood EC, 2010, BIOESSAYS, V32, P71, DOI 10.1002/bies.200900132; StataCorp, 2005, STAT STAT SOFTW REL; Tauber M.J., 1986, SEASONAL ADAPTATIONS; Teder T, 2010, OECOLOGIA, V162, P117, DOI 10.1007/s00442-009-1439-1; Van Dyck H, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P216, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00384.x; Van Dyck H, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V114, P326, DOI 10.1007/s004420050454; West-Eberhard MJ, 2003, DEV PLASTICITY EVOLU; WICKMAN PO, 1983, ANIM BEHAV, V31, P1206, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80027-X; WIKLUND C, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P233, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00503.x	46	16	17	1	20	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	JUN	2010	23	6					1129	1137		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.01994.x				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	596UD	WOS:000277710100002	20456570	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Nasution, S; Roberts, D; Farnsworth, K; Parker, GA; Elwood, RW				Nasution, S.; Roberts, D.; Farnsworth, K.; Parker, G. A.; Elwood, R. W.			Maternal effects on offspring size and packaging constraints in the whelk	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						egg size; egg number; offspring size; offspring number; egg capsules; sibling competition	NEOGASTROPOD BUCCINUM-UNDATUM; EGG-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; FEMALE SIZE; NUMBER; PROSOBRANCHIA; CAPSULES	Life-history theory predicts an optimal offspring size, irrespective of reproductive effort; however, in some species offspring size correlates positively with maternal size. We examine hypotheses for why this latter situation should occur in the whelk Buccinum undatum. The trade-offs between aspects of reproduction in whelks are complicated due to the provision of protective egg capsules. Many eggs are placed within each capsule but c. 99% of these eggs are consumed by the remaining developing young. Large maternal size results in more eggs, larger eggs, more eggs consumed per hatchling, more capsules, larger capsules, more eggs per capsule, a larger number of hatchlings per capsule and larger hatchlings. Increased intra-capsule and post-hatch sibling competition may decrease the marginal value for additional young and select for larger young, however, our data do not support this explanation. Instead, packaging constraints within each capsule limit the size of hatchlings but this constraint is relaxed for medium to large females because they produce large capsules. Small females appear to produce young below optimum size because of the space constraint thus explaining the correlation between maternal size and offspring size.	[Nasution, S.; Roberts, D.; Farnsworth, K.; Elwood, R. W.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland; [Parker, G. A.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England	Elwood, RW (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland.	r.elwood@qub.ac.uk	Parker, Geoff/C-4337-2008; Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010; Farnsworth, Keith/B-5546-2008	Parker, Geoff/0000-0003-4795-6352; 	Government of the Republic of Indonesia; Department of Education and Culture, Development for Undergraduate Education (DUE); Local Project Implementation Unit (LPIU) Universitas Riau [IBRD-Loan 4043-IND]	We express our sincere gratitude to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia which provided postgraduate funding to S. Nasution through the Department of Education and Culture, Development for Undergraduate Education (DUE) Project, Local Project Implementation Unit (LPIU) Universitas Riau (IBRD-Loan 4043-IND). Our thanks also go to the staff of the Centre for Marine Resources and Mariculture (C-Mar), Portaferry, where the study was carried out, for technical support and to Virginia Hayssen and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the work.	Baur Bruno, 1992, P102; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P83; Einum S, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2325, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2150; FRETTER V, 1994, BRIT PROSOBRANCH MOL; Glazier DS, 2000, ECOL LETT, V3, P142, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00132.x; Hendry AP, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P421; Hendry AP, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P387, DOI 10.1086/319316; Ilano AS, 2004, J MOLLUS STUD, V70, P277, DOI 10.1093/mollus/70.3.277; KIDEYS AE, 1993, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V73, P391, DOI 10.1017/S002531540003294X; MARTEL A, 1986, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V96, P27, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90011-0; NASUTION S, 2000, THESIS QUEENS U BELF; PARKER GA, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P573, DOI 10.1086/284589; PECHENIK JA, 1983, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V71, P165, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(93)90071-U; Penchaszadeh PE, 1996, VELIGER, V39, P83; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROLLER RA, 1988, AM MALACOL BULL, V6, P189; Sakai S, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P348, DOI 10.1086/319194; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; STOCKMANNBOSBAC.R, 1999, MAR BIOL, V102, P283; Thygesen UH, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1323, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3094; Valentinsson D, 2002, MAR BIOL, V140, P1139, DOI 10.1007/s00227-002-0793-x	22	4	4	0	9	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0952-8369	1469-7998		J ZOOL	J. Zool.	JUN	2010	281	2					112	117		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00681.x				6	Zoology	Zoology	599NN	WOS:000277920100006					2018-11-12	
J	Himuro, C; Fujisaki, K				Himuro, Chihiro; Fujisaki, Kenji			Mating experience weakens starvation tolerance in the seed bug Togo hemipterus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)	PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Mating effort; mating experience; seminal fluid; sexual difference; starvation tolerance; Togo hemipterus	DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FOOD LIMITATION; REPRODUCTION; COSTS; SPERM; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; SELECTION; SPIDER; SEXES	Organisms are exposed to various stresses caused by environmental fluctuations. One of the most common stresses is the shortage of food. Individuals of many species must survive periods of starvation. There appears to be a trade-off between reproduction and survival. When residual reproductive value declines for an individual, life-history theory predicts an increase in current reproductive investment. Current reproductive investment differs between virgin and mated individuals. It is likely that mating experience influences starvation tolerance. However, few studies have investigated sex differences in the effect of mating experience on starvation tolerance or clarified the causes of reductions in starvation tolerance in both sexes. In the present study, these questions are investigated using the seed bug Togo hemipterus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae).The results of the present study demonstrate that mating is costly for both sexes. Mated males show very short survival times and a daily reduction in weight, and daily energy expenditures are significantly greater in mated males than in virgin males. It is possible that starvation increases the mating effort of males, such as behavioural activities and the amount of time spent searching for females. A trade-off between survival duration and lifetime fecundity is found in virgin females. However, there is no trade-off in mated females, which have very short survival times. Whether male seminal substances contribute to the short survival times of mated females is considered. This is the first report demonstrating the influence of sex and mating experience on starvation tolerance. Sex-specific causes for reductions in starvation tolerance are discussed.	[Himuro, Chihiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Insect Ecol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan	Himuro, C (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Insect Ecol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.	chimuro@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp	HIMURO, Chihiro/B-1581-2011	HIMURO, Chihiro/0000-0002-0081-3998	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (JSPS) [19-54183]	The authors thank Dr T. Nishida and the members of the Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Kyoto University, for valuable advice and discussions regarding the experiments. The authors thank Professor Goldsworthy and the two referees for their helpful comments. This work was supported in part by the 21st Century COE Program for Innovative Food and Environmental Studies Pioneered by Entomomimetic Sciences, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (JSPS Grant-in-Aid no. 19-54183). The experiments conducted for this study comply with the current laws of Japan.	ANDERSON JF, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P576, DOI 10.2307/1935148; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Arnqvist G, 2005, SEXUAL CONFLICT; Blanckenhorn WU, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P353, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.3.353; CHAPMAN T, 1995, NATURE, V373, P241, DOI 10.1038/373241a0; Civetta A, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P13162, DOI 10.1073/pnas.230305397; Cordts R, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P269, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0172; Crudgington HS, 2000, NATURE, V407, P855, DOI 10.1038/35038154; DEWSBURY DA, 1982, AM NAT, V119, P601, DOI 10.1086/283938; Djawdan M, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P828; Eberhard W. 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JUN	2010	35	2					128	133		10.1111/j.1365-3032.2009.00719.x				6	Entomology	Entomology	598BJ	WOS:000277806900003					2018-11-12	
J	Ejsmond, MJ; Czarnoleski, M; Kapustka, F; Kozlowski, J				Ejsmond, Maciej Jan; Czarnoleski, Marcin; Kapustka, Filip; Kozlowski, Jan			How to Time Growth and Reproduction during the Vegetative Season: An Evolutionary Choice for Indeterminate Growers in Seasonal Environments	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						life history; optimal allocation models; capital breeding; income breeding; reproductive phenology	OPTIMAL RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; LIFE-HISTORY; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; FISH POPULATIONS; LOWLAND RIVERS; CLASS STRENGTH; BODY-SIZE; FITNESS; ENERGY; AGE	Indeterminate growers such as plants, mollusks, fish, amphibians, and reptiles are highly diversified with respect to the seasonal timing of growth and reproduction. Current life-history theory does not offer a consistent view on the origin of this diversity. We use dynamic optimization to examine resource allocation in seasonal environments, considering that offspring produced at different times of the season have unequal future prospects. Reduction of these prospects during the season produced indeterminate growers that grew mostly after maturation, achieving large final body sizes. It also changed the optimal timing of growth and reproduction during a season, from grow-first-reproduce-later, as usually predicted by life-history theory, to the reproduce-first-grow-later tactic; other tactics were produced by the interactive effects of winter survival and unequal offspring prospects. The results suggest that devaluation of offspring production provides conditions for the evolution of capital breeding, even in fully predictable seasonal environments. Thus, the unequal fate of newborns from different parts of a season may explain the origin of diversity of reproductive phenologies, growth patterns, and capital breeding in nature.	[Ejsmond, Maciej Jan; Czarnoleski, Marcin; Kapustka, Filip; Kozlowski, Jan] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland	Ejsmond, MJ (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Gronostajowa 7, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland.	maciek.ejsmond@uj.edu.pl	Kozlowski, Jan/K-5549-2012; Ejsmond, Maciej/H-8751-2018	Kozlowski, Jan/0000-0002-7084-2030; Ejsmond, Maciej/0000-0002-3598-4578; Czarnoleski, Marcin/0000-0003-2645-0360	Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N304 044237]; Jagiellonian University funds [DS/WBiNoZ/INoS/757/08]	The work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant N N304 044237) and partly by Jagiellonian University funds (grant DS/WBiNoZ/INoS/757/08). We thank K. Argasinski and T. Muller for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript; M. Jacobs helped to edit it.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Taborsky B, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P713, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2255; Trillmich F, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V60, P137, DOI 10.1007/s00265-005-0150-4; Tryjanowski P, 2003, ANN ZOOL FENN, V40, P459; Varpe O, 2007, OIKOS, V116, P1331, DOI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15893.x; Varpe O, 2009, OIKOS, V118, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17036.x; Wada S, 2000, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V20, P474, DOI 10.1651/0278-0372(2000)020[0474:ROTHCP]2.0.CO;2; Warner DA, 2007, OECOLOGIA, V154, P65, DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0809-9; Weinberg JR, 1996, MAR BIOL, V126, P663, DOI 10.1007/BF00351333	62	21	21	1	35	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147	1537-5323		AM NAT	Am. Nat.	MAY	2010	175	5					551	563		10.1086/651589				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	575XM	WOS:000276104400006	20331361				2018-11-12	
J	Gruebler, MU; Naef-Daenzer, B				Grueebler, Martin U.; Naef-Daenzer, Beat			Brood overlap and male ornamentation in the double-brooded barn swallow	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Hirundo rustica; interbrood interval; intraseasonal trade-off between broods; life history; optimal timing of reproduction; postfledging care	MIXED REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; SEXUAL ORNAMENTATION; POSTFLEDGING CARE; COOPERATIVE BIRD; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PARENTAL EFFORT; MARKED ANIMALS; CLUTCH OVERLAP; TRADE-OFF	Brood overlap can be an optimal solution to the intraseasonal trade-off in the allocation of time between successive broods. In line with life-history theory, the extent of brood overlap should be adjusted according to the individual costs and benefits of the simultaneous investment into 2 broods. Phenotypic quality can affect these costs and benefits. In barn swallows (Hirundo rustica), male tail streamer length is a phenotypic quality trait, which is related to reproductive decisions, resulting in pairs with long-tailed males showing higher annual output than those with short-tailed males. We predict that the extent of brood overlap in barn swallows is positively associated with the male's tail ornamentation. Using radiotelemetry, we assessed the duration of postfledging care and juvenile survival and quantified brood overlap with unprecedented accuracy. Broods of pairs with highly ornamented males overlapped to a larger extent than those of pairs with short-tailed males. Brood overlap depended on the reproductive value of the previous brood and on female phenotypic quality. Clutch initiation after a short interbrood interval was associated with a great brood overlap. Short. duration of postfledging care but not brood overlap reduced fledgling survival in first broods, and earlier second broods were associated with enlarged clutches. Thus, pairs with long-tailed males managed to increase clutch size and survival of the second brood by an early onset without: incurring survival costs in the first brood. This is in line with the hypothesis that brood overlap enforces differential annual reproductive output among individuals varying in phenotypic quality.	[Grueebler, Martin U.; Naef-Daenzer, Beat] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland	Gruebler, MU (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.	martin.gruebler@vogelwarte.ch			Swiss National Science Foundation [3100-65382.01]	Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 3100-65382.01 to B.N.).	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Ecol.	MAY-JUN	2010	21	3					513	519		10.1093/beheco/arq017				7	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	593KH	WOS:000277452800012		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Cox, RM; Calsbeek, R				Cox, Robert M.; Calsbeek, Ryan			SEVERE COSTS OF REPRODUCTION PERSIST IN ANOLIS LIZARDS DESPITE THE EVOLUTION OF A SINGLE-EGG CLUTCH	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Growth; life history; locomotor performance; phenotypic manipulation; reproductive investment; survival; trade-off	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; NATURAL-SELECTION; TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNE FUNCTION; HIDDEN COST; PERFORMANCE; POPULATIONS; FITNESS; DENSITY	A central tenet of life-history theory is that investment in reproduction compromises survival. We tested for costs of reproduction in wild brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) by eliminating reproductive investment via surgical ovariectomy and/or removal of oviductal eggs Anoles are unusual among lizards in that females lay single-egg clutches at frequent intervals throughout a lengthy reproductive season. This evolutionary reduction in clutch size is thought to decrease the physical burden of reproduction, but our results show that even a single egg significantly impairs stamina and sprint speed. Reproductive females also suffered a reduction in growth, suggesting that the cumulative energetic cost of successive clutches constrains the allocation of energy to other important functions. Finally, in each of two separate years, elimination of reproductive investment increased breeding-season survival by 56%, overwinter survival by 96%, and interannual survival by 200% relative to reproductive controls. This extreme fitness cost of reproduction may reflect a combination of intrinsic (i.e., reduced allocation of energy to maintenance) and extrinsic (i.e., increased susceptibility to predators) sources of mortality. Our results provide clear experimental support for a central tenet of life-history theory and show that costs of reproduction persist in anoles despite the evolution of a single-egg clutch.	[Cox, Robert M.; Calsbeek, Ryan] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA	Cox, RM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 401 Gilman Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.			Calsbeek, Ryan/0000-0002-9236-4092	National Science Foundation [DAB 0816862]; Dartmouth College	We thank L Bonvini for assistance with surgical manipulations, D Cheney for help recapturing lizards. and L Cheek for digitizing sprint trials We thank M Ayres. A Badyaev. L Bonvini, M C Duryea, J Garnas, R Holmes, R Irwin. H John-Alder, NI McPeek, L Symes. and B Taylor for constructive criticism We thank N Bottomley of Regatta Point and R Hart of February Point Resort Estates tor permission to work on their property Research was conducted under permits from the Bahamas Department of Agriculture and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Dartmouth College (protocol 07-02-03) An award from the National Science Foundation (DAB 0816862 to RC) and funding from Dartmouth College provided financial support	ANDREWS R, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P1317, DOI 10.2307/1935459; Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; BAILEY RC, 1992, OIKOS, V65, P349, DOI 10.2307/3545031; Bronikowski AM, 2008, AGE, V30, P169, DOI 10.1007/s11357-008-9060-5; Calsbeek R, 2008, EVOL ECOL RES, V10, P197; Calsbeek R, 2008, EVOLUTION, V62, P1137, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00356.x; Calsbeek R, 2008, EVOLUTION, V62, P478, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00282.x; Calsbeek R, 2008, J ANIM ECOL, V77, P103, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01320.x; Calsbeek R, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P2493, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00206.x; Calsbeek R, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00093.x; Clobert J, 1998, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V11, P329; COOPER WE, 1990, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V27, P153; Cox RM, 2006, J ANIM ECOL, V75, P1361, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01160.x; Cox RM, 2009, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V22, P1586, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01772.x; COX RM, 2009, EVOLUTION; DUNHAM AE, 1985, AM NAT, V126, P231, DOI 10.1086/284411; Ford J. 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J	Metz, J; Liancourt, P; Kigel, J; Harel, D; Sternberg, M; Tielborger, K				Metz, Johannes; Liancourt, Pierre; Kigel, Jaime; Harel, Danny; Sternberg, Marcelo; Tielboerger, Katja			Plant survival in relation to seed size along environmental gradients: a long-term study from semi-arid and Mediterranean annual plant communities	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						annuals; bet-hedging; dormancy; grasses; legumes; seed size; seedlings; survival	RANDOMLY VARYING ENVIRONMENT; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; OPTIMIZING REPRODUCTION; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; GRASSLAND RESPONSES; ARIDITY GRADIENT; DESERT ANNUALS; DEEP SHADE; LIFE-CYCLE; TRADE-OFF	P>1. A positive relationship between seed size and subsequent offspring survival is a key assumption in ecological theory concerning life-history strategies. Yet, this relationship is uncertain in respect to lifetime survival because sound evidence only exists for early seedling stages. Furthermore, the effect of environmental variation in space and time, and of contrasting plant functional groups, on this relationship has been scarcely examined. 2. Here, we investigated survival and between-year variation therein. We tested for both whether their relationship to seed size (i) is maintained up until reproduction, (ii) changes along environmental gradients and (iii) differs between functional groups (grasses, legumes, forbs). 3. Survival was monitored from established seedlings to reproductive plants in 49 annual species under natural conditions during 7 years in three sites along a steep rainfall gradient. We then related average survival per species and between-year variation in survival to seed size, site along the gradient and functional group. 4. Larger seed size was associated with higher survival and lower between-year variation. Across the rainfall gradient, we detected no difference in the seed size-survival relationships; however, variation between years was lowest in the most mesic site where no relationship for between-year variation with seed size was observed. Legumes showed lower survival and higher between-year variation than grasses. 5. Our findings indicate that larger seed size provides survival advantages beyond seedling establishment up until reproduction among annual species. Larger seed size also provides a bet-hedging strategy in temporally unpredictable environments. Increased abiotic favourability along environmental gradients may have little effect on survival rates but reduces survival variation between years and thus reduces the bet-hedging benefit of larger seed size. We suggest that the contrasting response of legumes and grasses may partly result from their disparity in seed dormancy. 6. Synthesis. Current plant life-history theory can be refined by accounting for both benefits of larger seed size, higher survival rates and bet-hedging. Studies along environmental gradients are needed to generalize findings across ecosystems and to predict patterns of plant traits and plant performance under changing environmental conditions.	[Metz, Johannes; Liancourt, Pierre; Tielboerger, Katja] Univ Tubingen, Dept Plant Ecol, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany; [Liancourt, Pierre] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Kigel, Jaime] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel; [Harel, Danny; Sternberg, Marcelo] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel	Tielborger, K (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Plant Ecol, Morgenstelle 3, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.	katja.tielboerger@uni-tuebingen.de	Liancourt, Pierre/H-1605-2014		German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)	We are grateful to Hadas Parag, Yiftach Talmon, Martina Petru, Efrat Elazar and Ifat Granat for their great help with the field work. Christian Lampei provided stimulating discussion and Merav Seifan statistical advice. The Handling Editor and two anonymous referees improved the article with valuable comments. This study is part of the GLOWA Jordan River Project, funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).	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Ecol.	MAY	2010	98	3					697	704		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01652.x				8	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	584ZB	WOS:000276792400017		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Griebeler, EM; Caprano, T; Bohning-Gaese, K				Griebeler, E. M.; Caprano, T.; Boehning-Gaese, K.			Evolution of avian clutch size along latitudinal gradients: do seasonality, nest predation or breeding season length matter?	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Ashmole's hypothesis; avian life histories; bet-hedging strategy; ecogenetic link; individual-based model	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BROOD-MANIPULATION EXPERIMENTS; AFRICAN SYLVIA WARBLERS; TITS PARUS-CAERULEUS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ANNUAL FECUNDITY; ASHMOLES HYPOTHESIS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; POPULATION-GROWTH	Birds display a latitudinal gradient in clutch size with smaller clutches in the tropics and larger in the temperate region. Three factors have been proposed to affect this pattern: seasonality of resources (SR), nest predation and length of the breeding season (LBS). Here, we test the importance of these factors by modelling clutch size evolution within bird populations under different environmental settings. We use an individual-based ecogenetic simulation model that combines principles from population ecology and life history theory. Results suggest that increasing SR from the tropics to the poles by itself or in combination with a decreasing predation rate and LBS can generate the latitudinal gradient in clutch size. Annual fecundity increases and annual adult survival rate decreases from the tropics to the poles. We further show that the annual number of breeding attempts that (together with clutch size) determines total annual egg production is an important trait to understand latitudinal patterns in these life history characteristics. Field experiments that manipulate environmental factors have to record effects not only on clutch size, but also on annual number of breeding attempts. We use our model to predict the outcome of such experiments under different environmental settings.	[Griebeler, E. M.; Caprano, T.; Boehning-Gaese, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Zool, Dept Ecol, D-55099 Mainz, Germany	Griebeler, EM (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Zool, Dept Ecol, POB 3980, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.	em.griebeler@uni-mainz.de					ARCESE P, 1988, J ANIM ECOL, V57, P119, DOI 10.2307/4768; ASHMOLE N. 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J	Kenrick, DT; Griskevicius, V; Neuberg, SL; Schaller, M				Kenrick, Douglas T.; Griskevicius, Vladas; Neuberg, Steven L.; Schaller, Mark			Renovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built Upon Ancient Foundations	PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE			English	Article						motivation; evolutionary psychology; development; life-history theory; humanistic psychology; positive psychology	SEX-DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL-LIFE; MATE PREFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ROMANTIC MOTIVES; HUMAN-MOTIVATION; OVULATORY CYCLE	Maslow's pyramid of human needs, proposed in 1943, has been one of the most cognitively contagious ideas in the behavioral sciences. Anticipating later evolutionary views of human motivation and cognition, Maslow viewed human motives as based in innate and universal predispositions. We revisit the idea of a motivational hierarchy in light of theoretical developments at the interface of evolutionary biology, anthropology, and psychology. After considering motives at three different levels of analysis, we argue that the basic foundational structure of the pyramid is worth preserving, but that it should be buttressed with a few architectural extensions. By adding a contemporary design feature, connections between fundamental motives and immediate situational threats and opportunities should be highlighted. By incorporating a classical element, these connections can be strengthened by anchoring the hierarchy of human motives more firmly in the bedrock of modern evolutionary theory. We propose a renovated hierarchy of fundamental motives that serves as both an integrative framework and a generative foundation for future empirical research.	[Kenrick, Douglas T.; Neuberg, Steven L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Schaller, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC, Canada	Kenrick, DT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.	douglas.kenrick@asu.edu			NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH064734-07, R01 MH064734]		Aarts H., 2005, SOCIAL MOTIVATION CO, P153; Ackerman JM, 2008, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V12, P118, DOI 10.1177/1088868308315700; Ackerman JM, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P365, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.004; Ackerman JM, 2006, PSYCHOL SCI, V17, P836, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01790.x; Ackerman JM, 2009, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V35, P1285, DOI 10.1177/0146167209335640; Ackerman JM, 2009, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V45, P478, DOI 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.008; Alexander R. 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Psychol. Sci.	MAY	2010	5	3					292	314		10.1177/1745691610369469				23	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	605SJ	WOS:000278367000007	21874133	Green Accepted	Y	N	2018-11-12	
J	Amigo, S; Caselles, A; Mico, JC				Amigo, Salvador; Caselles, Antonio; Mico, Joan C.			General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ): Only one Factor to Understand Personality?	SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						general factor of personality; unique trait; personality traits; assessment; introversion; extraversion	HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION; BIG 5; SENSATION-SEEKING; 5-FACTOR MODEL; BIS/BAS SCALES; DIMENSIONS; IMPULSIVITY; INHIBITION	This study proposes a psychometric approach to assess the General Factor of Personality (GFP) to explain the whole personality. This approach defends the existence of one basic factor that represents the overall personality. The General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) is presented to measure the basic, combined trait of the complete personality. The questionnaire includes 20 items and is constituted by two scales with 10 items each one: the Extraversion Scale (ES) and the Introversion Scale (IS). The GFPQ shows adequate internal consistency and construct validity, while the relationships with the personality factors of other models and with psychopathology are as expected. It correlates positively and significantly with Extraversion (E) and Psychoticism (P), and negatively with Neuroticism (N) of Eysenck's EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire); it correlates positively and significantly with the Sensation Seeking Scaled (SSS) of Zuckerman, and is inside the expected direction with Sensitivity to Reward (SR) and Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), which represent the approach and avoidance trends of behavior, respectively. It not only relates negatively with the personality disorders of the anxiety spectrum, but also with the emotional disorders in relation to anxiety and depression, and it relates positively with the antisocial personality disorder.	[Amigo, Salvador] Univ Valencia, Dept Personalidad Evaluac & Tratamientos Psicolol, Valencia 46010, Spain; [Mico, Joan C.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain	Amigo, S (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Personalidad Evaluac & Tratamientos Psicolol, Av Blasco Ibanez 21, Valencia 46010, Spain.	Salvador.Amigo@uv.es	Mico, Joan C./K-5683-2014	Mico, Joan C./0000-0001-7120-5458			Amigo S., 2005, TEORIA RASGO UNICO P; Amigo S, 2008, BRIT J MATH STAT PSY, V61, P211, DOI 10.1348/000711007X185514; BALL S, 1990, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V34, P343; Becker P, 1999, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V26, P511, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00168-8; Blackburn R, 2005, J PERS DISORD, V19, P597, DOI 10.1521/pedi.2005.19.6.597; Blackburn R, 2004, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V37, P957, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.017; BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; BRIM OG, 1996, NATL SURVEY MIDLIFE; Buckingham RM, 2001, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V31, P769, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00177-X; Carver CS, 2000, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V26, P741, DOI 10.1177/0146167200268008; CARVER CS, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V67, P319, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319; CASELLES A, BRIT J MATH IN PRESS; Caseras X, 2003, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V34, P999, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00084-3; Corr PJ, 2002, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V33, P511, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00170-2; Costa P. 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J. Psychol.	MAY	2010	13	1					5	17		10.1017/S1138741600003644				13	Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	595UB	WOS:000277637600001	20480675				2018-11-12	
J	Pelosse, P; Amat, I; Bernstein, C; Desouhant, E				Pelosse, Perrine; Amat, Isabelle; Bernstein, Carlos; Desouhant, Emmanuel			The dynamics of energy allocation in adult arrhenotokous and thelytokous Venturia canescens	ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA			English	Article						reproductive mode; parasitoid; Hymenoptera; longevity; sex maintenance; life-history theory; carbohydrates; nutrient dynamics; Ichneumonidae	PARASITIC WASP; EGG LIMITATION; EVOLUTIONARY ARGUMENT; DIFFERENT HABITATS; TIME LIMITATION; HOST; STRATEGIES; REPRODUCTION; OVIPOSITION; CARBOHYDRATE	The ability to adjust resource allocation to the quality of the environment has broad implications for animal reproductive success. Organisms with complex life cycles that may experience various selection pressures during their lifetime are expected to evolve mechanisms to modulate the resource allocation strategies adopted during ontogeny to the conditions encountered by the adult. In the parasitoid Venturia canescens Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), thelytoky appears to have been selected for in anthropogenic habitats, where hosts are relatively numerous and food is absent, and arrhenotoky in natural habitats where hosts are more scarce and food is present. A previous study postulated that during their juvenile stage, females of both reproductive modes adopt strategies of energy allocation in accordance with these conditions, possibly providing a direct short-term advantage to arrhenotokous forms, which partially co-occur with thelytokous forms under natural conditions. To test this assumption, we provided daily adult thelytokous and arrhenotokous females with a small number of hosts together with food. To compare their lifetime resource allocation strategies, we recorded wasp longevities, egg loads, and carbohydrate reserves in wasps of different ages. Our analysis indicates that thelytokous females are able, to a certain extent, to cope with these conditions, because they reached the same longevity as arrhenotokous females. Nevertheless, thelytokous females suffered from a higher degree of time limitation compared with arrhenotokous ones, and arrhenotokous wasps appeared to maintain their energetic advantage over the adult stage. These results provide new insights, and point to the consideration of other activities, such as flight performance and/or ability to reach food and hosts, in the understanding of the role of resource allocation strategies in the maintenance of sex in this species.	[Pelosse, Perrine] CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France	Pelosse, P (reprint author), CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.	pelosse@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr	DESOUHANT, Emmanuel/A-9537-2013	DESOUHANT, Emmanuel/0000-0003-0317-4463			Amat I, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V148, P153, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0332-9; Amat I., 2004, THESIS U C BERNARD L; Amat I, 2009, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V63, P563, DOI 10.1007/s00265-008-0691-4; Bernstein C, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P415, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00432.x; BEUKEBOOM LW, 1999, P 8 M EXP APPL ENT N, V10, P23; BOGGS CL, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P692, DOI 10.1086/283753; Boggs CL, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P181; Casas J, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P545, DOI 10.1890/04-0812; Casas J, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P691, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00740.x; Casas J, 2009, ECOLOGY, V90, P537, DOI 10.1890/08-0507.1; COX DR, 1972, J R STAT SOC B, V34, P187; Desouhant E, 2005, ANIM BEHAV, V70, P145, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.10.015; Desouhant E, 2010, ECOL RES, V25, P419, DOI 10.1007/s11284-009-0671-9; Eliopoulos PA, 2003, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V28, P268, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2003.00341.x; Ellers J, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P650, DOI 10.1086/316990; Ellers J, 1997, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V10, P771, DOI 10.1007/s000360050053; FLANDERS STANLEY E., 1950, CANADIAN ENT, V82, P134; Harvey JA, 1997, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V84, P93, DOI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00202.x; Harvey JA, 2001, J INSECT BEHAV, V14, P573, DOI 10.1023/A:1012219116341; Heimpel George E., 2008, P51; JERVIS MA, 1986, BIOL REV, V61, P395, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1986.tb00660.x; Jervis MA, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P442, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00507.x; Jervis MA, 2008, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V53, P361, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093433; KING PE, 1968, J ZOOL, V154, P495; Lee JC, 2008, J ANIM ECOL, V77, P565, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01355.x; Liu YQ, 2009, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V63, P1459, DOI 10.1007/s00265-009-0800-z; Liu YQ, 2009, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V132, P110, DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00878.x; Lucchetta P, 2007, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V61, P1409, DOI 10.1007/s00265-007-0372-8; Metzger M, 2008, ECOL ENTOMOL, V33, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00953.x; NATION JL, 2002, INSECT PHYSL BIOCH; Olson DM, 2000, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V25, P17, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3032.2000.00155.x; PELOSSE P, 2008, THESIS U C BERNARD L; Pelosse P, 2007, EVOL ECOL, V21, P669, DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9145-5; R Development Core Team, 2008, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Richard R, 2009, ECOL MONOGR, V79, P465, DOI 10.1890/08-1566.1; Rivero A, 1999, RES POPUL ECOL, V41, P39, DOI 10.1007/PL00011981; Roberts HLS, 2004, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V50, P195, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.11.007; Rosenheim JA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P2089, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03595.x; Rosenheim JA, 2008, AM NAT, V172, P486, DOI 10.1086/591677; SALT G, 1976, ECOL ENTOMOL, V1, P63, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01205.x; Schneider MV, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P191, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00394.x; SCHNEIDER MV, 2003, THESIS LEIDEN U LEID; Sevenster JG, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1241, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01853.x; SIBLY R, 1984, J THEOR BIOL, V111, P463, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(84)80234-9; SMITH JM, 1978, EVOLUTION SEX; Strand Michael R., 2008, P113, DOI 10.1002/9780470696200.ch6; Suarez RK, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P3573, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01775; Thiel A, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V59, P614, DOI 10.1007/s00265-005-0088-6; TRUDEAU D, 1989, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V50, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb02306.x; VANHANDEL E, 1985, J AM MOSQUITO CONTR, V1, P299; VANHANDEL E, 1990, J AM MOSQUITO CONTR, V6, P270; Vogt JT, 2000, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V46, P697, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00158-4; Wheeler D, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P407, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.002203	53	13	13	0	19	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0013-8703			ENTOMOL EXP APPL	Entomol. Exp. Appl.	APR	2010	135	1					68	76		10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00965.x				9	Entomology	Entomology	567KE	WOS:000275444700006					2018-11-12	
J	Hall, ME; Blount, JD; Forbes, S; Royle, NJ				Hall, Margaret E.; Blount, Jonathan D.; Forbes, Scott; Royle, Nick J.			Does oxidative stress mediate the trade-off between growth and self-maintenance in structured families?	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Agelaius phoeniceus; antioxidants; growth rate; hatching asynchrony; malondialdehyde; oxidative damage; red-winged blackbird; vitamin supplementation	RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; ZEBRA FINCHES; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOID AVAILABILITY; SEXUAL ATTRACTIVENESS; AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; PARENTAL OPTIMISM; NESTLING GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; ANTIOXIDANTS	P> Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between growth and self-maintenance. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal metabolic processes and the level of antioxidant defences, is a potential mechanism. In many altricial birds asynchronous hatching creates different castes of progeny as a hedge against developmental and environmental uncertainty (a 'structured' family). Older, 'core' offspring and later hatched 'marginal' offspring consequently experience contrasting levels of resource availability during development. To be adaptive the phenotypic handicap incurred by marginal offspring must be reversible when conditions allow. Dietary-derived antioxidants are an important component of antioxidant defences, which modulate oxidative damage arising from normal metabolic processes such as growth. Dietary antioxidants could therefore be important determinants of trade-offs during growth, with the balance of these trade-offs differing between core and marginal offspring. To investigate this, we manipulated brood size and structure as well as antioxidant availability (by vitamin and mineral supplementation), then measured growth and oxidative damage in nestling red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus. We found that individuals supplemented with dietary antioxidants allocated these extra resources to increasing growth rate, rather than reducing oxidative damage. Irrespective of hatch rank, nestlings that received supplementary antioxidants grew faster than controls, despite no difference in their begging behaviour or parental provisioning rates. There was no overall difference in the level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) in the blood plasma of supplemented and control chicks, but among marginal offspring those that received an antioxidant supplement had lower plasma MDA. Antioxidant supplementation did not affect nestling survival to fledging age. These novel results support the idea that oxidative stress may play a central role in the trade-off between growth and self-maintenance. Moreover, they further highlight the importance of physiological costs in the evolution of life-histories and propose a role for oxidative stress in the adaptive basis of the structured family.	[Hall, Margaret E.; Blount, Jonathan D.; Royle, Nick J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England; [Forbes, Scott] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada	Royle, NJ (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England.	N.J.Royle@exeter.ac.uk	Royle, Nick/H-2802-2015; Blount, Jonathan/K-7695-2012	Royle, Nick/0000-0002-1617-3884; Blount, Jonathan/0000-0002-0016-0130	NERC New Investigator [NE/E001351/1]; Royal Society University Research; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E001351/1]	We would like to thank our excellent field crew: Jessie Cameron, Meghan Chatwin, Jodi Griffiths, Laura Groening, Carrie Ross, and Aaron Trachtenberg. Thanks also to Malcolm Green of the BirdCare Company, who provided information on the constituents of Daily Essentials 2 and made dosage recommendations, and to the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. Our field methodology received prior approval from the Senate Animal Care Committee (SACC) of the University of Winnipeg (AE100, AE101). This research was funded by a NERC New Investigator grant to NJR (NE/E001351/1), and JDB was supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship.	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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Royle N, 2000, J AVIAN BIOL, V31, P335, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2000.310309.x; Royle NJ, 2006, ANIM BEHAV, V72, P123, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.023; Royle NJ, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P434, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02565-X; Royle NJ, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P472, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00752.x; STARCK JM, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO, P412; Surai P. F., 2002, NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS; Surai PF, 2001, BRIT POULTRY SCI, V42, P252, DOI 10.1080/00071660120048519; von Schantz T, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1; Weatherhead PJ, 2007, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V78, P428, DOI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00135.x; Weatherhead PJ, 2000, AUK, V117, P627, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0627:FSAAIO]2.0.CO;2; Wolf JB, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P299, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01632.x	62	53	54	2	31	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0269-8463			FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	APR	2010	24	2					365	373		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01635.x				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	561CI	WOS:000274952600014		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Dawidowicz, P; Predki, P; Pietrzak, B				Dawidowicz, Piotr; Predki, Piotr; Pietrzak, Barbara			Shortened lifespan: another cost of fish-predator avoidance in cladocerans?	HYDROBIOLOGIA			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	8th International Symposium on Cladocera	OCT 19-25, 2008	Autonomous Univ Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, MEXICO		Autonomous Univ Aguascalientes	Daphnia; Diaphanosoma; Life-history; Induced defenses; Longevity	DEPTH SELECTION BEHAVIOR; ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSES; PLANKTIVOROUS FISH; DAPHNIA; HISTORIES; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; PLANKTON; GALEATA; CLONES	Life-history theory predicts adaptive shifts in response to size-selective predation, namely earlier reproduction, smaller age/size at maturity, and higher relative investment into reproduction. Such shifts should bring about reduced lifespan of potential prey. We tested this prediction in life-table experiments with clones of Daphnia hyalina and Diaphanosoma brachyurum, two species of contrasting anti-predatory strategies. The clones were derived from seven lakes of different trophy and held in water with and without fish kairomone, under standard laboratory conditions. Exposure to the kairomone caused a decrease in age of first reproduction and an increase in early-life reproductive effort but also an about 20% decrease of longevity in both species. Although shortened lifespan did not result in significant decrease in fitness of the tested species (in terms of lifetime reproductive output) it should be taken into account in considerations of costs and benefits of inducible defenses in cladocerans.	[Dawidowicz, Piotr; Predki, Piotr; Pietrzak, Barbara] Univ Warsaw, Dept Hydrobiol, PL-02097 Warsaw, Poland	Dawidowicz, P (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Dept Hydrobiol, Banacha 2, PL-02097 Warsaw, Poland.	p.dawidowicz@uw.edu.pl	Pietrzak, Barbara/C-3421-2013	Pietrzak, Barbara/0000-0001-5446-6277			BROOKS JL, 1965, SCIENCE, V150, P28, DOI 10.1126/science.150.3692.28; CARLSON RE, 1977, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V22, P361, DOI 10.4319/lo.1977.22.2.0361; DAWIDOWICZ P, 1992, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V37, P665, DOI 10.4319/lo.1992.37.3.0665; De Meester L, 1999, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V44, P1248, DOI 10.4319/lo.1999.44.5.1248; DEMEESTER L, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V97, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF00317323; DRENNER RW, 1978, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V35, P1370, DOI 10.1139/f78-215; GLIWICZ ZM, 1990, NATURE, V321, P330; Lass S, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V491, P221, DOI 10.1023/A:1024487804497; LYNCH M, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1620, DOI 10.2307/1940015; MACHACEK J, 1991, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V225, P193, DOI 10.1007/BF00028397; McEdward LR, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V256, P111, DOI 10.3354/meps256111; Pijanowska Joanna, 1993, Advances in Limnology, V39, P89; Rinke K, 2008, OIKOS, V117, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16099.x; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION, P527; Sakwinska O, 2005, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V50, P1284, DOI 10.4319/lo.2005.50.4.1284; Sarma SSS, 2002, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V481, P89, DOI 10.1023/A:1021265104165; Stearns SC, 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST, P249; Tessier AJ, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V109, P561, DOI 10.1007/s004420050117; Tollrian Ralph, 1999, P177; WEIDER LJ, 1993, OIKOS, V67, P385, DOI 10.2307/3545351; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	21	9	10	1	25	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0018-8158			HYDROBIOLOGIA	Hydrobiologia	APR	2010	643						27	32		10.1007/s10750-010-0132-z				6	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Marine & Freshwater Biology	577XE	WOS:000276256500004					2018-11-12	
J	Roper, JJ; Sullivan, KA; Ricklefs, RE				Roper, James J.; Sullivan, Kimberly A.; Ricklefs, Robert E.			Avoid nest predation when predation rates are low, and other lessons: testing the tropical-temperate nest predation paradigm	OIKOS			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CLUTCH-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; PASSERINE BIRDS; SITE SELECTION; HABITAT; FOREST; RISK	Nest predation is the most important cause of nest failure in most birds and latitudinal differences in nest predation rates and life histories suggest that nest predation has been influential in life history evolution. All else equal, natural selection should favor reduction of nest predation, yet evidence is equivocal. We used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the combined effects of variation in nest predation rates, breeding season length and renesting intervals on the annual number of young fledged. Simulations suggest that selection most strongly favors a reduction in nest predation when breeding seasons are short and predation rates are low (temperate characteristics). Conversely, selection favors shorter renesting intervals when breeding seasons are long and nest predation rates are high (tropical characteristics). Reducing already low rates provides a proportionately greater increase in annual nesting success than does the same reduction when nest predation rates are higher. In some tropical species, individuals increase reproductive success not by avoiding predation in subsequent nesting attempts, which is largely beyond their control, but rather by reducing renesting intervals. We suggest that the emphasis on nest predation avoidance has biased our perspectives for alternative hypotheses of how birds should respond to nest predation and the consequences of those alternatives for life history theory. Similarly to the need to control for phylogenetics in examining life history strategies, future studies must also control for differences in breeding season lengths and renesting intervals to better understand the influence of nest predation on avian life histories.	[Roper, James J.] Univ Fed Parana, Grad Program Ecol & Conservat, Ctr Politecn, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; [Sullivan, Kimberly A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA	Roper, JJ (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Grad Program Ecol & Conservat, Ctr Politecn, CP 19034, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.	jjroper@gmail.com	Roper, James/H-7986-2012	Roper, James/0000-0002-2947-5136			Auer SK, 2007, CONDOR, V109, P321, DOI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:BBOPIA]2.0.CO;2; Bears H, 2009, J ANIM ECOL, V78, P365, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01491.x; BRAWN JD, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P41, DOI 10.2307/1940630; Chalfoun AD, 2009, J ANIM ECOL, V78, P497, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01506.x; CONAWAY CH, 1974, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V38, P473, DOI 10.2307/3800878; Conway CJ, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P670; DUNHAM AE, 1988, BIOL REPTILIA, V16, P659; DYRCZ A, 1983, IBIS, V125, P287, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1983.tb03115.x; Eisenberg J. 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J	Dunkel, CS; Decker, M				Dunkel, Curtis S.; Decker, Michelle			Convergent validity of measures of life-history strategy	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Life-history theory; General factor of personality; Sociosexually; Time perspective	REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FATHER ABSENCE; GENERAL FACTOR; PERSONALITY; PERSPECTIVE	Using a sample of 236 young and middle adulthood participants, the convergent validity of five measures of life-history strategy was examined. The results suggest that the two measures designed to quantify life-history strategy are strongly correlated, have the strongest associations with a general factor of personality, and have the strongest loadings on a common factor. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Decker, Michelle] Illinois Cent Coll, Dept Social Sci, E Peoria, IL 61635 USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	c-dunkel@wiu.edu					BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Buss DM, 2009, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x; Campbell Benjamin, 2007, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V5, P696; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Geronimus AT, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF02732898; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; Gladden P., 2009, J EVOLUTIONARY PSYCH, V7, P167, DOI DOI 10.1556/JEP.7.2009.2.5; Gladden PR, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.003; HETHERINGTON EM, 1972, DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P313, DOI 10.1037/h0033339; Hill EM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF02913037; Jackson JJ, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P382, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.005; Kruger D. J., 2008, J SOCIAL EVOLUTIONAR, V2, P1, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099336; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; Rushton JP, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P679, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.015; Rushton JP, 2008, J RES PERS, V42, P1173, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.002; Rushton JP, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P437, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.015; SALMON C, 2009, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V7, P560; SAUCIER G, 1994, J PERS ASSESS, V63, P506, DOI 10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_8; Schmidt FL, 1999, INTELLIGENCE, V27, P183, DOI 10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00024-0; Thornhill R, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P215, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.01.005; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271; Zimbardo PG, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P1271, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1271	25	39	40	1	9	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	APR	2010	48	5					681	684		10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.014				4	Psychology, Social	Psychology	574KA	WOS:000275986800033					2018-11-12	
J	Burger, O; Walker, R; Hamilton, MJ				Burger, Oskar; Walker, Robert; Hamilton, Marcus J.			Lifetime reproductive effort in humans	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						life-history theory; reproductive effort; human reproduction	HISTORY EVOLUTION; SIZE; LONGEVITY; GROWTH; NUMBER; DIET	Lifetime reproductive effort (LRE) measures the total amount of metabolized energy diverted to reproduction during the lifespan. LRE captures key components of the life history and is particularly useful for describing and comparing the life histories of different organisms. Given a simple energetic production constraint, LRE is predicted to be similar in value for very different life histories. However, humans have some unique ecological characteristics that may alter LRE, such as the long post-reproductive lifespan, lengthy juvenile period and the cooperative nature of human foraging and reproduction. We calculate LRE for natural fertility human populations, compare the findings to other mammals and discuss the implications for human life-history evolution. We find that human life-history traits combine to yield the theoretically predicted value (approx. 1.4). Thus, even with the subsidized energy budget and uniqueness of the adult lifespan, human reproductive strategies converge on the same optimal value of LRE. This suggests that the fundamental demographic variables contained in LRE trade-off against one another in a predictable and highly constrained manner.	[Burger, Oskar] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Walker, Robert] Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA; [Hamilton, Marcus J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Hamilton, Marcus J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Burger, O (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Gilbert Hall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	oburger@stanford.edu		Burger, Oskar/0000-0002-7552-5851			Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; Calder W. A., 1984, SIZE FUNCTION LIFE H; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P749; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov EL, 2007, AM NAT, V170, pE129, DOI 10.1086/522840; Charnov Eric L., 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V1, P191, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360010604; FOWLER CW, 1981, ECOLOGY, V62, P602, DOI 10.2307/1937727; Gurven M, 2004, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V27, P543; Gurven M, 2007, POPUL DEV REV, V33, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00171.x; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hawkes K, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P113, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00066-0; HAWKES K, 2000, ADAPTATION HUMAN BEH, P237; Hawkes K, 2006, SCH AM RES, P95; Hrdy S.B., 2006, ATTACHMENT BONDING N, P9; Hurtado A. M., 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST ECOLO; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.3.CO;2-Z; Kleiber M., 1961, FIRE LIFE INTRO ANIM; Kuzawa CW, 2007, AM J HUM BIOL, V19, P654, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20659; Marlowe FW, 2001, CURR ANTHROPOL, V42, P755, DOI 10.1086/323820; PURVIS A, 1995, J ZOOL, V237, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02762.x; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Walker R, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P295, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20510; Walker R, 2006, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V129, P577, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20306; Walker RS, 2008, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V275, P827, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.1511; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461	27	6	6	0	12	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P R SOC B	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	MAR 7	2010	277	1682					773	777		10.1098/rspb.2009.1450				5	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	547JG	WOS:000273882800015	19889696	Other Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Coall, DA; Chisholm, JS				Coall, David A.; Chisholm, James S.			Reproductive Development and Parental Investment During Pregnancy: Moderating Influence of Mother's Early Environment	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							BODY-MASS-INDEX; FETAL ORIGINS HYPOTHESIS; BRITISH BIRTH COHORT; LIFE-HISTORY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES; FATHER ABSENCE; MATERNAL AGE; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; PUBERTAL MATURATION	The association between a woman's age at menarche and the birth weight of her children is highly variable across human populations. Life history theory proposes that a woman's early environment may moderate this association and thus account for some of the variation between populations. According to one life history theory model, for individuals who develop in a childhood environment of high local mortality rates (experienced subjectively as psychosocial stress), it can be adaptive to mature earlier, have more offspring during their reproductive lifetime, and reduce investment in each offspring. In an environment of low psychosocial stress, however, it may be adaptive to mature later, have fewer offspring, and invest more in each. In this study, birth weight and proportionate birth weight (neonate's birth weight as a percentage of its mother's prepregnancy weight) were used as measures of parental investment during pregnancy. In a sample of 580 first-time mothers, we tested the hypothesis that the psychosocial stress experienced as a child would moderate the association between age at menarche and investment during pregnancy. We found that earlier menarche in those women who experienced stressful life events before 15 years of age was associated with a lower birth weight and proportionate birth weight. Conversely, in those who reported no childhood stressors, earlier menarche was associated with increased birth weight and proportionate birth weight. Our data suggest that the moderating influence of the childhood psychosocial environment on the association between age at menarche and parental investment throughout gestation operates in a dose-dependent manner. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:143-153, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Coall, David A.] Univ Basel, Dept Psychol, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland; [Chisholm, James S.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia	Coall, DA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Community Culture & Mental Hlth Unit, Sch Psychiat & Clin Neurosci, Fremantle Hosp, W Block,L6,1 Alma St, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia.	David.Coall@uwa.edu.au		Coall, David/0000-0002-0488-2683	Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Australian Government; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [51A240-104890]; University of Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Corp.; Freie Akademische Gesellschaft	Contract grant sponsor: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Australian Government (Australian Postgraduate Award).; We thank the women who generously participated in this study and the Osborne Park Hospital and St John of God Hospital staff. This work is part of the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam). The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (project no. 51A240-104890), the University of Basel, the F. Hoffmann-La Roche Corp. and the Freie Akademische Gesellschaft provided core support for the NCCR sesam.	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J. Hum. Biol.	MAR-APR	2010	22	2					143	153		10.1002/ajhb.20965				11	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	561KX	WOS:000274977100001	19536836				2018-11-12	
J	Ricklefs, RE				Ricklefs, Robert E.			Parental Investment and Avian Reproductive Rate: Williams's Principle Reconsidered	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Review						optimality theory; life-history theory; adaptation; demography; bird; clutch size	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NEW-WORLD POPULATIONS; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; CLUTCH-SIZE; NEST PREDATION; SURVIVAL RATES; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; THRUSHES TURDUS; BROOD SIZE; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL	Beginning with George Williams's concept of present and residual (future) reproductive value, life-history theory has considered that the optimized level of parental investment (i.e., assumed risk) should increase in proportion to the annual mortality rate of parent individuals. However, when the survival of young from independence to maturity is separated from parental reproductive success, optimized parental investment is proportional, instead, to prereproductive survival when reproductive and nonreproductive components of adult mortality are additive (simultaneous risk) or to the ratio of prereproductive survival to adult nonreproductive survival when the adult mortality components are multiplicative (independent risk). Applied to the lower, and largely nonoverlapping, brood sizes of tropical compared to temperate and boreal birds, estimates of both adult and prereproductive survival do not predict different levels of reproductive investment. Accordingly, the pervasive increase in clutch size with latitude would appear to reflect increasing availability of food resources to provision offspring.	Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA	Ricklefs, RE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.	ricklefs@umsl.edu			National Science Foundation [IBN-0212587]; University of Missouri; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation	I am grateful to J. Brawn and D. Robinson for comments and discussion and to two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. I am also grateful for generous support from the National Science Foundation (IBN-0212587), the curators of the University of Missouri, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.	Adams AAY, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P178, DOI 10.1890/04-1922; Anders AD, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P698, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95526.x; ANDERSSON M, 1980, ANIM BEHAV, V87, P367; ASHMOLE N. P., 1963, IBIS, V103b, P458, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1963.tb06766.x; ASKENMO C, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P748, DOI 10.1086/283523; Bennett P. 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J	Nettle, D				Nettle, Daniel			Dying young and living fast: variation in life history across English neighborhoods	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						birthweight; breastfeeding; grandmothering; humans; life-history theory; parental investment; reproductive strategies	PARENTAL INVESTMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; BIRTH-WEIGHT; POPULATION; INTELLIGENCE; INEQUALITIES; EXPECTANCY; FERTILITY; MORTALITY; COHORT	Where the expected reproductive life span is short, theory predicts that individuals should follow a "fast" life-history strategy of early reproduction, reduced investment in each offspring, and high reproductive rate. I apply this prediction to different neighborhood environments in contemporary England. There are substantial differences in the expectation of healthy life between the most deprived and most affluent neighborhoods. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (n = 8660 families), I show that in deprived neighborhoods compared with affluent ones, age at first birth is younger, birthweights are lower, and breastfeeding duration is shorter. There is also indirect evidence that reproductive rates are higher. Coresidence of a father figure is less common, and contact with maternal grandmothers is less frequent, though grandmaternal contact shows a curvilinear relationship with neighborhood quality. Children from deprived neighborhoods perform less well on a verbal cognitive assessment at age 5 years, and this deficit is partly mediated by parental age and investment variables. I suggest that fast life history is a comprehensible response, produced through phenotypic plasticity, to the ecological context of poverty, but one that entails specific costs to children.	Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England	Nettle, D (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Henry Wellcome Bldg,Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.	daniel.nettle@ncl.ac.uk	Nettle, Daniel/B-2259-2008	Nettle, Daniel/0000-0001-9089-2599			Andersen AMN, 2004, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V33, P92, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyg195; Bajekal Madhavi, 2005, Health Stat Q, P18; Bielby J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P748, DOI 10.1086/516847; Borja JB, 2003, AM J HUM BIOL, V15, P733, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10220; Bradley RH, 2002, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V53, P371, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Conger RD, 2007, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V58, P175, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085551; Downey DB, 2001, AM PSYCHOL, V56, P497, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.56.6-7.497; DOWNEY DB, 1995, AM SOCIOL REV, V60, P746, DOI 10.2307/2096320; Dubois L, 2006, PEDIATR INT, V48, P470, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02256.x; Duncan S, 2007, CRIT SOC POLICY, V27, P307, DOI 10.1177/0261018307078845; ELLIOTT CD, 1996, BRIT ABILITY SCALES, V2; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Evans GW, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P6545, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0811910106; Geronimus AT, 2003, SOC SCI MED, V57, P881, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00456-2; Geronimus AT, 1999, SOC SCI MED, V49, P1623, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00246-4; GREEN A, 1988, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V297, P391, DOI 10.1136/bmj.297.6645.391; Guegan JF, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1308; GUO G, 2000, DEMOGRAPHY, V37, P432; Hansen K, 2008, MILLENNIUM COHORT ST; Hansen K, 2009, J SOC POLICY, V38, P211, DOI 10.1017/S004727940800281X; Kaplan H, 1996, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V39, P91; Kaplan HS, 1998, MEN IN FAMILIES, P55; Kaptijn R, 2010, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V31, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.007; Keller MC, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P343, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00075-7; Kohlhuber M, 2008, BRIT J NUTR, V99, P1127, DOI 10.1017/S0007114508864835; Lawson DW, 2009, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V30, P170, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.12.001; Low BS, 2008, CROSS-CULT RES, V42, P201, DOI 10.1177/1069397108317669; Mortensen EL, 2002, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V287, P2365, DOI 10.1001/jama.287.18.2365; Mortensen LH, 2008, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V62, P325, DOI 10.1136/jech.2007.061473; Nettle D, 2003, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V94, P551, DOI 10.1348/000712603322503097; NETTLE D, 2009, AM J HUM BIOL, DOI DOI 10.1002/AJHB.20970; Nettle D, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P416, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.06.002; Nettle D, 2009, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V24, P618, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2009.05.013; *NICHD EARL CHILD, 2005, CHILD DEV, V0076; Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), 2004, ENGL IND DEPR 2004; Petrou S, 2006, PAEDIATR PERINAT EP, V20, P14, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00688.x; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; Quinlan RJ, 2008, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V19, P87, DOI 10.1007/s12110-007-9026-9; Quinlan RJ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P121, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3690; Robson AJ, 2003, AM ECON REV, V93, P150, DOI 10.1257/000282803321455205; Sear R, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.10.001; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Walker R, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P295, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20510; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271; Wood R, 2006, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V60, P1089, DOI 10.1136/jech.2005.044941	47	109	115	1	43	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1045-2249			BEHAV ECOL	Behav. Ecol.	MAR-APR	2010	21	2					387	395		10.1093/beheco/arp202				9	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	555BZ	WOS:000274483400025		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Millon, A; Petty, SJ; Lambin, X				Millon, A.; Petty, S. J.; Lambin, X.			Pulsed resources affect the timing of first breeding and lifetime reproductive success of tawny owls	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						age at first breeding; cost of reproduction; information-theoretic approach; population cycles; survival	INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NATAL DISPERSAL; FOOD CONDITIONS; UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTS; DELAYED REPRODUCTION; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT; HATCHING DATE; STRIX-ALUCO; BROOD SIZE	P>1. According to life-history theory, environmental variability and costs of reproduction account for the prevalence of delayed reproduction in many taxa. Empirical estimates of the fitness consequences of different ages at first breeding in a variable environment are few however such that the contributions of environmental and individual variability remains poorly known. 2. Our objectives were to elucidate processes that underpin variation in delayed reproduction and to assess lifetime consequences of the age of first breeding in a site-faithful predator, the tawny owl Strix aluco L. subjected to fluctuating selection linked to cyclical variation in vole density (typically 3-year cycles with low, increasing and decreasing vole densities in successive years). 3. A multistate capture-recapture model revealed that owl cohorts had strikingly different juvenile survival prospects, with estimates ranging from 0 center dot 08 to 0 center dot 33 respectively for birds born in Decrease and Increase phases of the vole cycle. This resulted in a highly skewed population structure with > 75% of local recruits being reared during Increase years. In contrast, adult survival remained constant throughout a vole cycle. The probability of commencing reproduction was lower at age 1 than at older ages, and especially so for females. From age 2 onwards, pre-breeders had high probabilities of entering the breeding population. 4. Variation in lifetime reproductive success was driven by the phase of the vole cycle in which female owls started their breeding career (26-47% of variance explained, whether based on the number of local recruits or fledglings), more than by age at first breeding or by conditions experienced at birth. Females who postponed reproduction to breed for the first time at age 3 during an Increase phase, produced more recruits, even when accounting for birds that may have died before reproduction. No such effects were detected for males. 5. Sex-specific costs of early reproduction may have accounted for females being more prone to delay reproduction. Contrary to expectations from a best-of-a-bad job strategy, early-hatched, hence potentially higher-quality females were more likely to breed at age 1, but then experienced rapidly declining food resources and so seemed caught in a life-history trap set by the multiannual vole cycle.	[Millon, A.; Petty, S. J.; Lambin, X.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland; [Petty, S. J.] Forestry Commiss Roslin, No Res Stn, Ctr Human & Ecol Sci, Roslin EH25 9SY, Midlothian, Scotland	Lambin, X (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Zool Bldg,Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.	x.lambin@abdn.ac.uk	Millon, Alexandre/R-6464-2017; Lambin, Xavier/E-8284-2011	Millon, Alexandre/0000-0002-9475-4123; Lambin, Xavier/0000-0003-4643-2653	NERC [NE/E010660/1, NE/F021402/1]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F021402/1, NE/E010660/1]	This analysis was supported by NERC grants NE/E010660/1 and NE/F021402/1. We are grateful to Forest Enterprise, Kielder Forest District for giving us unrestricted access to the forest for this study. B.M. Appleby, C. Coles and D. Anderson helped with some of the field work. We also thank J.M. Reid, T. Cornulier, S. Jouaire, C. Sutherland, together with three anonymous referees for helpful comments. A. Douglas and C. Putois provided useful statistical advice.	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Anim. Ecol.	MAR	2010	79	2					426	435		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01637.x				10	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	552VH	WOS:000274321200015	19912425	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Burns, JH; Blomberg, SP; Crone, EE; Ehrlen, J; Knight, TM; Pichancourt, JB; Ramula, S; Wardle, GM; Buckley, YM				Burns, Jean H.; Blomberg, Simon P.; Crone, Elizabeth E.; Ehrlen, Johan; Knight, Tiffany M.; Pichancourt, Jean-Baptiste; Ramula, Satu; Wardle, Glenda M.; Buckley, Yvonne M.			Empirical tests of life-history evolution theory using phylogenetic analysis of plant demography	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						buffering; delayed reproduction; evolution; life history; matrix population models; phylogenetic signal; phylogeny; plant demography; projection matrices	STAGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; TRADE-OFFS; UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; DELAYED REPRODUCTION; VITAL-RATES; GROWTH RATE; ELASTICITIES; PERENNIALS; FITNESS	1. A primary goal of evolutionary ecology is to understand factors selecting for the diversity of life histories. Life-history components, such as time-to-reproduction, adult survivorship and fecundity, might differ among species because of variation in direct and indirect benefits of these life histories in different environments or might have lower-than-expected variability because of phylogenetic constraints. Here, we present a phylogenetic examination of demography and life histories using a data base of 204 terrestrial plant species. 2. Overall, statistical models without phylogeny were preferred to models with phylogeny for vital rates and elasticities, suggesting that they lacked phylogenetic signal and are evolutionarily labile. However, the effect of phylogeny was significant in models including sensitivities, suggesting that sensitivities exhibit greater phylogenetic signal than vital rates or elasticities. 3. Species with a greater age at first reproduction had lower fecundity, consistent with a cost of delayed reproduction, but only in some habitats (e.g. grassland). We found no evidence for an indirect benefit of delayed reproduction via a decrease in variation in fecundity with age to first reproduction. 4. The greater sensitivity and lower variation in survival than in fecundity was consistent with buffering of more important vital rates, as others have also found. This suggests that studies of life-history evolution should include survival, rather than only fecundity, for the majority of species. 5. Synthesis. Demographic matrix models can provide informative tests of life-history theory because of their shared construction and outputs and their widespread use among plant ecologists. Our comparative analysis suggested that there is a cost of delayed reproduction and that more important vital rates exhibit lower variability. The absolute importance of vital rates to population growth rates (sensitivities) exhibited phylogenetic signal, suggesting that a thorough understanding of life-history evolution might require an understanding of the importance of vital rates, not just their means, and the role of phylogenetic history.	[Burns, Jean H.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Blomberg, Simon P.; Buckley, Yvonne M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia; [Crone, Elizabeth E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Ehrlen, Johan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Bot, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Knight, Tiffany M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Pichancourt, Jean-Baptiste] CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia; [Ramula, Satu] Univ Turku, Sect Ecol, Turku 20014, Finland; [Wardle, Glenda M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Buckley, Yvonne M.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia	Burns, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	burns@ucdavis.edu	Pichancourt, Jean-Baptiste/C-1370-2009; Ehrlen, Johan/H-6286-2013; Wardle, Glenda/D-6533-2016; Wardle, Glenda/D-9332-2012; Blomberg, Simon/B-7613-2008; Buckley, Yvonne/B-1281-2008	Wardle, Glenda/0000-0003-0189-1899; Blomberg, Simon/0000-0003-1062-0839; Buckley, Yvonne/0000-0001-7599-3201; Ehrlen, Johan/0000-0001-8539-8967	ARC-NZ Research Network for Vegetation Function; Tyson Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis; American Association of University Women; Center for Population Biology, University of California; Australian Research Council [DP0771387]	We are grateful to the authors who generously donated unpublished demographic matrices: C. Gustafsson, M. Hutchings, M. Milden, F. Nicole and B. Tenhumberg. Thanks to K. S. Moriuchi, S. Price, T. P. Young, the Handling Editor and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on the manuscript, and H. Quested and P. Aronsson for Matlab codes. We also thank the ARC-NZ Research Network for Vegetation Function for funding to the 'Plant Population Syndromes' working group. J. H. B. thanks Tyson Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis, the American Association of University Women, and the Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, for funding during the course of this project. Y. M. B. is funded by an Australian Research Fellowship from the Australian Research Council (DP0771387).	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Ecol.	MAR	2010	98	2					334	344		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01634.x				11	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	548HF	WOS:000273950400009		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	van IJzendoorn, MH; Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ				van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.			Invariance of adult attachment across gender, age, culture, and socioeconomic status?	JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS			English	Article						attachment; evolution; gender; intercultural/interracial; language; love; meta analysis	REPRESENTATIONS; SECURITY	Is attachment in adulthood associated with gender, age, culture, or socioeconomic context? There is a widely held belief that males and younger individuals exhibit a more avoidant or dismissive stance toward attachment experiences, as would subjects from individualized, Western societies and from poorer socio-economic environments. Distributions of Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications in various gender, cultural, socioeconomic, and age groups were compared with the normative distribution of North American non-clinical Caucasian mothers (23% dismissing, 58% secure, 19% preoccupied) through analysis of correspondence. Indeed, adolescent and student samples contained a higher proportion of dismissing attachment classifications than the normative group. No gender differences were found in the use of dismissing versus preoccupied attachment strategies in relatively affluent social environments, and the AAI distributions were largely independent of language and country of origin. Most strikingly, low SES adolescent mothers showed the strongest over-representation of dismissing attachments, which supports the life history theory prediction that in harsh environments individuals adopt a quantity-oriented reproductive strategy in tandem with a dismissing view of attachment.	[van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.] Leiden Univ, Ctr Child & Family Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands	van IJzendoorn, MH (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Ctr Child & Family Studies, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands.	vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl	van IJzendoorn, Marinus/I-1379-2012	van IJzendoorn, Marinus/0000-0003-1144-454X; , marian/0000-0001-7763-0711			Allen J. P., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P419; Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2009, ATTACH HUM DEV, V11, P223, DOI 10.1080/14616730902814762; Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P22, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0900003X; Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2004, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V27, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2004.02.002; Bowlby J., 1984, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; CASSIDY J, 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; George C., 1985, ADULT ATTACHME UNPUB; GREENACRE MJ, 1985, THEORY APPL CORRESPO; Grice H. P., 1975, SYNTAX SEMANTICS, V3, P41, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0022226700005296; Hesse E., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, V2, P552; Mikulincer M., 2007, ATTACHMENT ADULTHOOD; Rothbaum F, 2000, AM PSYCHOL, V55, P1093, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.55.10.1093; Schmitt DP, 2004, J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL, V35, P367, DOI 10.1177/0022022104266105; Simpson Jeffry A., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P131; van IJzendoorn M. H., 2008, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P880; VAN IJZENDOORN MH, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P387, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.387; VANIJZENDOORN MH, 2010, CHILD DEV P IN PRESS; Wall S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT	20	36	36	1	30	SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD	LONDON	1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND	0265-4075			J SOC PERS RELAT	J. Soc. Pers. Relatsh.	MAR	2010	27	2					200	208		10.1177/0265407509360908				9	Communication; Family Studies; Psychology, Social	Communication; Family Studies; Psychology	574YJ	WOS:000276029800005					2018-11-12	
J	Beauchamp, G				Beauchamp, Guy			Group-foraging is not associated with longevity in North American birds	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						body mass; group size; foraging; independent contrasts; maximum longevity; passerine versus non-passerine bird	BODY-SIZE; LIFE-SPAN; SENESCENCE; EVOLUTION; FLOCKING; METABOLISM; SOCIALITY; AVES	Group-foraging is common in many animal taxa and is thought to offer protection against predators and greater foraging efficiency. Such benefits may have driven evolutionary transitions from solitary to group-foraging. Greater protection against predators and greater access to resources should reduce extrinsic sources of mortality and thus select for higher longevity according to life-history theory. I assessed the association between group-foraging and longevity in a sample of 421 North American birds. Taking into account known correlates of longevity, such as age at first reproduction and body mass, foraging group size was not correlated with maximum longevity, with and without phylogenetic correction. However, longevity increased with body mass in non-passerine birds. The results suggest that the hypothesized changes in predation risk with group size may not correlate with mortality rate in foraging birds.	Univ Montreal, Fac Vet Med, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada	Beauchamp, G (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Fac Vet Med, POB 5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada.	guy.beauchamp@umontreal.ca					Alexander R.D., 1974, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V5, P325, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545; ARNOLD TW, 1988, CAN J ZOOL, V66, P1906, DOI 10.1139/z88-279; Beauchamp G, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1039, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2703; Beauchamp G, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V51, P480, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0461-7; Blumstein DT, 2008, BIOL LETTERS, V4, P146, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0606; de Magalhaes JP, 2007, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V62, P149; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; Jonsson KA, 2006, ZOOL SCR, V35, P149, DOI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x; Jullien M, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3416, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3416:TSVOFI]2.0.CO;2; Krause J, 2002, LIVING GROUPS; Lind J, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P945, DOI 10.1093/beheco/ari075; LINDSTEDT SL, 1976, CONDOR, V78, P91, DOI 10.2307/1366920; Livezey BC, 2007, ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND, V149, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x; MADDISON WP, 2009, MESQUITE MODULAR SYS; McKechnie AE, 2004, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V77, P502, DOI 10.1086/383511; METCALFE NB, 1984, ANIM BEHAV, V32, P986, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80211-0; Midford P, 2008, PDAP MESQUITE TRANSL; Moller AP, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P750, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01236.x; Moller AP, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P682, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01065.x; Munshi-South J, 2006, AUK, V123, P108, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0108:DILSIP]2.0.CO;2; Ricklefs RE, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P379, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01420.x; Speakman JR, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P1717, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01556; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	23	5	5	1	11	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	FEB 23	2010	6	1					42	44		10.1098/rsbl.2009.0691				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	542NR	WOS:000273501700012	19776065	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Robert, KA; Bronikowski, AM				Robert, Kylie A.; Bronikowski, Anne M.			Evolution of Senescence in Nature: Physiological Evolution in Populations of Garter Snake with Divergent Life Histories	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						DNA damage; free radical; oxidative stress; reptile; senescence; stress response	FREE-RADICAL PRODUCTION; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AGING RESEARCH; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HEART-MITOCHONDRIA; METABOLIC-RATE; DNA-REPAIR; LONGEVITY; MORTALITY	Evolutionary theories of aging are linked to life-history theory in that age-specific schedules of reproduction and survival determine the trajectory of age-specific mutation/selection balances across the life span and thus the rate of senescence. This is predicted to manifest at the organismal level in the evolution of energy allocation strategies of investing in somatic maintenance and robust stress responses in less hazardous envirnments in exchange for energy spent on growth and reproduction. Here we report experiments from long-studied populations of western terrestrial garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) that reside in low and high extrinsic mortality environments, with evolved long and short life spans, respectively. Laboratory common-environment colonies of these two ecotypes were tested for a suite of physiological traits after control and stressed gestations. In offspring derived from control and corticosterone-treated dams, we measured resting metabolism; mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP and free radical production rates; and erythrocyte DNA damage and repair ability. We evaluated whether these aging biomarkers mirrored the evolution of life span and whether they were sensitive to stress. Neonates from the long-lived ecotype (1) were smaller, (2) consumed equal amounts of oxygen when corrected for body mass, (3) had DNA that damaged more readily but repaired more efficiently, and (4) had more efficient mitochondria and more efficient cellular antioxidant defenses than short-lived snakes. Many ecotype differences were enhanced in offspring derived from stress-treated dams, which supports the conclusion that non-genetic maternal effects may further impact the cellular stress defenses of offspring. Our findings reveal that physiological evolution underpins reptilian life histories and sheds light on the connectedness between stress response and aging pathways in wild-dwelling organisms.	[Robert, Kylie A.; Bronikowski, Anne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA	Bronikowski, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.	abroniko@iastate.edu	Robert, Kylie/C-5181-2009	Robert, Kylie/0000-0002-8554-8440; Bronikowski, Anne/0000-0001-6432-298X	Iowa State University Center for Integrated Animal Genomics; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0323379, IOS-0922528]; California Department of Fish and Game [803021-03]; Iowa State Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [8-06-6198-J, 3-2-5125-J]	We are grateful to A. Cannon, M. Morrill, and A. Sparkman, who assisted with the capture of females in the field, and to S. J. Arnold for continued collaboration and discussion. We thank D. Vleck for use of his oxygen analyzer and H. Gao for help collecting comet data. DNA damage assays and visualization were performed with support from the Iowa State University Center for Integrated Animal Genomics and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program in molecular computational biology. Garter snakes were collected with the permission of the California Department of Fish and Game (803021-03). The project was approved by Iowa State Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approvals 8-06-6198-J and 3-2-5125-J) and supported by NSF grants DEB-0323379 to A. M. B. and S. J. Arnold and IOS-0922528 to A.M.B.	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Nat.	FEB	2010	175	2					147	159		10.1086/649595				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	544IV	WOS:000273650200004	20050804	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Becker, NSA; Verdu, P; Hewlett, B; Pavard, S				Becker, Noemie S. A.; Verdu, Paul; Hewlett, Barry; Pavard, Samuel			Can Life History Trade-Offs Explain the Evolution of Short Stature in Human Pygmies? A Response to Migliano et al. (2007)	HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article						PYGMIES; HEIGHT; LIFE HISTORY; DEMOGRAPHY; MORTALITY; FERTILITY	REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HUNTER-GATHERERS; GAMBIAN WOMEN; AGE; FERTILITY; GROWTH; BIRTH; POPULATIONS	Walker et al. ["Growth rates and life histories in twenty-two small-scale societies," Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:295-311 (2006)] used life history theory to develop an innovative explanation for human diversity in stature. Short stature could have been selected for in some human populations as a result of the advantage of an earlier growth cessation and earlier reproduction in a context of high mortality. Migliano et al ["Life history trade-offs explain the evolution of human pygmies," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:20,216-20,219 (2007)] recently published an important article that tested this hypothesis to explain short stature in human pygmy populations. However innovative this work may be, we believe that some of the data and results presented are controversial if not questionable. As problematic points we note (1) the use of an arbitrary threshold of height (155 cm) to categorize populations into pygmies and nonpygmies; (2) the use of demographic data from Philippine pygmy groups that have experienced dramatic cultural and environmental changes in the last 20 years, and (3) the use of demographic data concerning African pygmy groups because good systematic data on these groups are not available. Finally, we report here mathematical errors and loopholes in the optimization model developed by Migliano and colleagues. In this paper we suggest alternative trade-offs that can be used to explain Migliano's results on more reliable bases.	[Becker, Noemie S. A.; Verdu, Paul; Pavard, Samuel] Musee Homme Paris, UMR 7206, F-75016 Paris, France; [Hewlett, Barry] Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA	Becker, NSA (reprint author), Musee Homme Paris, UMR 7206, 17 Pl Trocadero, F-75016 Paris, France.			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Biol.	FEB	2010	82	1					17	27		10.3378/027.082.0101				11	Anthropology; Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity	647UB	WOS:000281643800002	20504169				2018-11-12	
J	McKinnon, L; Smith, PA; Nol, E; Martin, JL; Doyle, FI; Abraham, KF; Gilchrist, HG; Morrison, RIG; Bety, J				McKinnon, L.; Smith, P. A.; Nol, E.; Martin, J. L.; Doyle, F. I.; Abraham, K. F.; Gilchrist, H. G.; Morrison, R. I. G.; Bety, J.			Lower Predation Risk for Migratory Birds at High Latitudes	SCIENCE			English	Article							LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; RED KNOTS; NEST PREDATION; SHOREBIRDS; NORTH; CIRCUMPOLAR; SONGBIRDS; EVOLUTION; PRESSURE; PATTERNS	Quantifying the costs and benefits of migration distance is critical to understanding the evolution of long-distance migration. In migratory birds, life history theory predicts that the potential survival costs of migrating longer distances should be balanced by benefits to lifetime reproductive success, yet quantification of these reproductive benefits in a controlled manner along a large geographical gradient is challenging. We measured a controlled effect of predation risk along a 3350-kilometer south-north gradient in the Arctic and found that nest predation risk declined more than twofold along the latitudinal gradient. These results provide evidence that birds migrating farther north may acquire reproductive benefits in the form of lower nest predation risk.	[McKinnon, L.; Bety, J.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [McKinnon, L.; Bety, J.] Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Smith, P. A.; Morrison, R. I. G.] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Nol, E.] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Ecol & Conservat Grp, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Nol, E.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Martin, J. L.] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, Dept Dynam Syst Ecol, F-34033 Montpellier, France; [Doyle, F. I.] Wildlife Dynam Consulting, Telkwa, BC V0J 2X0, Canada; [Abraham, K. F.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Gilchrist, H. G.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Gilchrist, H. G.] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada	McKinnon, L (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Biol, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.	laura.mckinnon3@gmail.com	Martin, Jean-Louis/E-5059-2010	Bety, Joel/0000-0002-8775-6411	ArcticNet; Environment Canada; Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Garfield Weston Foundation; Institut Paul Emile Victor; International Polar Year (IPY) Project ArcticWOLVES; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Ecosystem Initiatives; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources	Funded by ArcticNet, Environment Canada, Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, a Garfield Weston Foundation Award for Northern Research, Institut Paul Emile Victor (formerly Institut Francais de Recherches et Technologies Polaires), International Polar Year (IPY) Project ArcticWOLVES, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Northern Internship Program and Discovery Grant), Northern Ecosystem Initiatives, Northern Scientific Training Program, and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Logistical support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, the Polar Continental Shelf Project, Parks Canada, and D. Leclerc. We also thank the Department of National Defense and staff of the Environment Canada weather station for logistic support at Alert; Vicky Johnston and crew for support on Prince Charles Island; the many field assistants who monitored artificial nests: A. Blachford, A. Bechet, J. Carrier, M. Cloutier, A.-M. d'Aoust-Messier, E. d'Astous, T. Daufresne, S. Gan, D. Hogan, L. Jolicoeur, C. Juillet, J.-R. Julien, B. Laliberte, P. Y. l'Herault, R. Lopez, P. Meister, M. Nelligan, D. Ootoova, L. Qangug, D. C. Rabouam, G. Reid, N. Ward, and S. Williams; G. Gauthier and D. Berteaux, leaders of the IPY ArcticWOLVES project, for fostering collaboration between the authors; and O. Gilg, C. Juillet, L. P. Nguyen, T. Piersma, D. Reid, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions or comments on early versions of the manuscript.	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S	Olden, JD; Kennard, MJ		Gido, KB; Jackson, DA		Olden, Julian D.; Kennard, Mark J.			Intercontinental Comparison of Fish Life History Strategies along a Gradient of Hydrologic Variability	COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF STREAM FISHES: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES, AND TECHNIQUES	American Fisheries Society Symposium		English	Proceedings Paper	Symposium on Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques	AUG 19-20, 2008	Ottawa, CANADA				NATURAL FLOW REGIME; FRESH-WATER FISH; POPULATION REGULATION; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; AMERICAN FISHES; RIVER SYSTEMS; HABITAT; PATTERNS; COMMUNITIES; TRAITS	The flow regime is considered the primary driver of physical processes in riverine ecosystems; thus we expect that the trait composition of fish assemblages might respond similarly to hydrologic variability, even at broad spatial scales. Here, we test the hypothesis that freshwater fish life history strategies on two continents (southern United States and eastern Australia) converge along gradients of hydrologic variability and primary productivity at the drainage scale. Our results show that the fishes of the United States and Australia conform to the three-dimensional adaptive space arising from the trade-offs among three basic demographic parameters of survival, fecundity; and onset and duration of reproductive life. Species from both continents represent the endpoints in adaptive space defining the periodic (19% versus 33% for the United States and Australia, respectively), opportunistic (69% versus 52%), and equilibrium life history strategies (12% versus 15%). We found evidence that fish life history composition of drainage basins in the two continents have converged across similar gradients of hydrologic variability and productivity despite phylogenetic and historical differences. Moreover, these relationships were largely consistent with predictions from life history theory. Increasing hydrologic variability has promoted the greater prevalence of opportunistic strategists (a strategy that should maximize fitness in environmental settings dominated by unpredictable environmental change) while concurrently minimizing the persistence of periodic-type species (a strategy typically inhabits seasonal, periodically suitable environments). Our study provides a conceptual framework of management options for species in regulated rivers because life history strategies are the underlying determinants for population responses to environmental change and therefore can be used to classify typical population responses to flow alteration or mitigation via environmental flow prescriptions.	[Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Kennard, Mark J.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia	Olden, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.	olden@u.washington.edu			USGS Lower Colorado River Basin Aquatic GAP Program; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University	We gratefully acknowledge Meryl Mims and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, Zachary Shattuck for helping populate the fish trait database, Janet Stein for provision of environmental data, and Tarmo Raadik and Tom Raynor for providing unpublished fish distributional data. Funding support was provided by the USGS Lower Colorado River Basin Aquatic GAP Program (JDO) and a post-doctoral fellowship from the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University (MJK). 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Fish. Soc. Symp.		2010	73						83	107						25	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	BG9QO	WOS:000393626300005					2018-11-12	
S	Jones, NE; Scrimgeour, GJ; Tonn, WM		Gido, KB; Jackson, DA		Jones, Nicholas E.; Scrimgeour, Garry J.; Tonn, William M.			Fish Species Traits and Communities in Relation to a Habitat Template for Arctic Rivers and Streams	COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF STREAM FISHES: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES, AND TECHNIQUES	American Fisheries Society Symposium		English	Proceedings Paper	Symposium on Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques	AUG 19-20, 2008	Ottawa, CANADA				ATLANTIC SALMON PARR; ICE BREAK-UP; CORNWALLIS ISLAND; WINTER MOVEMENTS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; HEADWATER STREAMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-QUALITY; LAKE OUTLETS; BROWN TROUT	We develop a conceptual model of habitat factors, operating as filters at multiple spatial and temporal scales that structure local fish assemblages in flowing waters of Arctic North America. Following the habitat template approach, we classify streams into six types based on environmental gradients, including ice formation, flow and temperature regimes, sediment dynamics, and edaphic factors. We discuss likely mechanisms influencing Arctic stream fish assemblages among the six stream types and consider this habitat template in the context of regional and local filters. There is a general increase in species richness from the eastern Arctic to Alaska that is inversely proportional to the distance from the Beringian glacial refugium. The fish fauna of Arctic streams comprises nine different families, although 14 of 24 species (58%) are members of Salmonidae. Certain life history traits are predicted to be advantageous in a periglacial environment known for cold, impoverished environments with highly variable yet generally predictable ice conditions. Examples of adaptive traits displayed by Arctic fishes include fall spawning, relatively large egg size, longevity, habitat and diet generalists, and efficient metabolism. Life history theory predicts that periodic strategists should dominate in the Arctic environment. Nevertheless, in the face of a rapidly changing climate and increasing resource development, there is much need for additional research on relationships between the traits of Arctic stream fishes and their habitat.	[Jones, Nicholas E.] Trent Univ, River & Stream Ecol Lab, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, DNA Bldg 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Scrimgeour, Garry J.] Parks Canada Agcy, Western & Northern Serv Ctr, Calgary, AB T2P 3M3, Canada; [Tonn, William M.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada	Jones, NE (reprint author), Trent Univ, River & Stream Ecol Lab, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, DNA Bldg 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.	nicholas.jones@ontario.ca					Antoniades D, 2002, CAN J BOT, V80, P50, DOI 10.1139/b01-133; Beltaos S, 2003, CAN J CIVIL ENG, V30, P145, DOI 10.1139/L02-042; Beltaos S., 1993, ENV IMPACTS RIVER IC, P12; Benke A. 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H., 1979, HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGA; WEST RL, 1992, T AM FISH SOC, V121, P709, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0709:AMAOOA>2.3.CO;2; Whalen KG, 1999, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V56, P87, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-56-1-87; Wiley E. O., 1986, ZOOGEOGRAPHY N AM FR; WINEMILLER KO, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P2196, DOI 10.1139/f92-242; WOO MK, 1983, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V73, P577, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1983.tb01860.x; WOTTON RS, 1995, J THERM BIOL, V20, P121, DOI 10.1016/0306-4565(94)00042-H	88	3	3	1	1	AMER FISHERIES SOC	BETHESDA	5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA	0892-2284		978-1-934874-14-1	AM FISH S S	Am. Fish. Soc. Symp.		2010	73						137	156						20	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	BG9QO	WOS:000393626300007					2018-11-12	
J	Neberich, W; Penke, L; Lehnart, J; Asendorpf, JB				Neberich, Wiebke; Penke, Lars; Lehnart, Judith; Asendorpf, Jens B.			Family of origin, age at menarche, and reproductive strategies: A test of four evolutionary-developmental models	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Family of origin; Menarche; Reproductive strategies; Sociosexuality; Education	ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; FATHER ABSENCE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; PUBERTAL MATURATION; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; BODY-SIZE; GIRLS; HISTORY; ANTECEDENTS	Four evolutionary-developmental models within a life history theory framework were compared as to their predictions of the influences of family of origin on age at menarche and differences in reproductive strategies. Predictions of paternal investment theory (Draper Harpending, 1982), psychosocial acceleration theory (Belsky, Steinberg, Draper, 1991), polygyny indication model (Kanazawa, 2001), and child development theory (Ellis, 2004) were tested by structural equation modelling in an internet study of 439 women between the ages of 18 and 30. Results show that the existence of a father figure has an impact on the age at menarche, which influences the age at first sexual intercourse. The directions of influences confirm the predictions of paternal investment theory (Draper Harpending, 1982), psychosocial acceleration theory (Belsky et al., 1991), and child development theory (Ellis, 2004), but not the predictions of the polygyny indication model (Kanazawa, 2001). No significant associations could be found between age at menarche and other reproductive strategy markers; this supports one of the central assumptions of child development theory (Ellis, 2004). Instead, it was the age at first sexual intercourse, influenced by the age at menarche, the existence of a father figure, and participant's educational level, that was most critical for the future reproductive strategies.	[Neberich, Wiebke] Humboldt Univ, Inst Psychol, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; [Neberich, Wiebke; Penke, Lars] Int Max Planck Res Sch LIFE, Berlin, Germany; [Lehnart, Judith] Univ Vechta, Vechta, Germany	Neberich, W (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Inst Psychol, Rudower Chaussee 18, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.	wiebke.neberich@staff.hu-berlin.de	Penke, Lars/F-6918-2014		Medical Research Council [G0700704B]		BAGOZZI RP, 1990, J APPL PSYCHOL, V75, P547, DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.547; Barber N, 1998, SEX ROLES, V38, P313, DOI 10.1023/A:1018745419124; BARKOW JH, 1984, J ANTHROPOL RES, V40, P367, DOI 10.1086/jar.40.3.3629760; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bingham C R, 1990, J Adolesc Res, V5, P18, DOI 10.1177/074355489051004; Bogaert AF, 2005, J ADOLESCENCE, V28, P541, DOI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.10.008; CASEY VA, 1991, ANN HUM BIOL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1080/03014469100001492; CASPI A, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V61, P157, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.61.1.157; CHASIOTIS A, 1999, KINDHEIT LEBENSLAUF; Comings DE, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P1046, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00456; DAMON A, 1969, HUM BIOL, V41, P161; Doughty D, 2000, GENETIC INFLUENCES ON HUMAN FERTILITY AND SEXUALITY, P169; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Ellis BJ, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P387, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387; Ellis BJ, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P801, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00569; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P485, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00159; GANGESTAD SW, 1990, J PERS, V58, P69, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00908.x; Gangestad SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0000337X; *GERM I EC RES DIW, 2004, EL REF GERM SOC PAN; HELM P, 1989, SCAND J PRIM HEALTH, V8, P59; Hoier S, 2003, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V14, P209, DOI 10.1007/s12110-003-1004-2; HOIER S, 2003, FRUHE ERSTE MAL FAMI; HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1958, SOCIAL CLASS MENTAL; HOOGLAND JL, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P1639, DOI 10.1126/science.215.4540.1639; JORESKOG KG, 1996, PRELIS USERS REFEREN; Joreskog KG, 1996, LISREL 8 USERS REFER; Jorm AF, 2004, AM J MED GENET B, V125B, P105, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.20114; Kanazawa S, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P329, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00073-3; Kanazawa S, 1999, SOC FORCES, V78, P25, DOI 10.2307/3005789; Kim K, 1998, INT J BEHAV DEV, V22, P729, DOI 10.1080/016502598384144; Kim K, 1997, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V18, P109, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(96)00114-6; LIVSON N, 1962, HUM BIOL, V34, P218; MEKOS D, 1992, PSYCHOSOCIAL ANTECED; Mendle J, 2006, DEV PSYCHOL, V42, P533, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.233; Mikach SM, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P141, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(98)00045-2; Miller BC, 1997, YOUTH SOC, V29, P54, DOI 10.1177/0044118X97029001003; MOFFITT TE, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P47, DOI 10.2307/1130900; Must A, 2002, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V155, P672, DOI 10.1093/aje/155.7.672; Penke L., 2007, MATING INTELLIGENCE, P37; PENKE L, 2007, GLOBAL SOCIOSEXUAL O; PHINNEY VG, 1990, ADOLESCENCE, V25, P321; PLOMIN R, 2001, BEHAV GENETICS; REESE A, 2000, Z ENTWICKLUNGSPSYCHO, V32, P261; Rowe DC, 2002, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V23, P365, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00102-2; Rowe DC, 2000, GENETIC INFLUENCES ON HUMAN FERTILITY AND SEXUALITY, P147; SIMPSON JA, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V60, P870, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870; SURBEY MK, 1990, SOCIOENDOCRINOLOGY P, V13, P11; WIDAMAN KF, 1985, APPL PSYCH MEAS, V9, P1, DOI 10.1177/014662168500900101	49	13	13	0	8	ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD	ABINGDON	2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND	1740-5629	1740-5610		EUR J DEV PSYCHOL	Eur. J. Dev. Psychol.		2010	7	2					153	177	PII 792104325	10.1080/17405620801928029				25	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	560NH	WOS:000274908900001					2018-11-12	
J	Lewis, Z; Brakefield, PM; Wedell, N				Lewis, Zenobia; Brakefield, Paul M.; Wedell, Nina			Speed or sperm: A potential trade-off between development and reproduction in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae; Bicyclus anynana; reproduction; trade-off; development time; polymorphic sperm	APYRENE SPERM; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; PIERIS-NAPI; GROWTH-RATE; SIZE; PROTANDRY; FEMALES; HISTORY; SUCCESS; CONSEQUENCES	Life-history theory predicts trade-offs between resources invested in reproduction and other fitness-related traits. To date, most studies have focused on potential reproductive trade-offs in females. However, it is now generally accepted that reproduction is also costly for males, and thus males too may be subject to trade-offs. We examined the relationship between development time and the production of both fertile and non-fertile sperm in males of the African bush brown butterfly (Bicyclus anynana) selected for short or long pre-adult development time. Fast developing males ejaculated fewer non-fertile sperm on their first mating, suggesting that there could be a trade-off between ejaculate production and development time in this species. Contrary to predictions, slow developing males were smaller, produced fewer fertile sperm and took longer to mate. We discuss why this might be the case, and suggest that there may be a cost to the production of non-fertile sperm in the Lepidoptera.	[Lewis, Zenobia] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Okayama 7000084, Japan; [Brakefield, Paul M.] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; [Wedell, Nina] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England	Lewis, Z (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Okayama 7000084, Japan.	zen.lewis@gmail.com; p.m.brakefield@biology.leidenuniv.nl; n.wedell@exeter.ac.uk		Lewis, Zenobia/0000-0001-9464-7638	JSPS; Leverhulme Trust; Royal Society	The authors wish to thank J. Pijpe for technical advice. They also thank the JSPS, the Leverhulme Trust and the Royal Society for funding, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.	BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; Benrey B, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P987, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[0987:TSGHMH]2.0.CO;2; Bissoondath CJ, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P457, DOI 10.2307/2389938; Brakefield PM, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00248.x; BRAKEFIELD PM, 1991, ECOL ENTOMOL, V16, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00220.x; Breuker CJ, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1233, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2005; Chapman T, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1879, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0516; Cook PA, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1047, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0154; Cook PA, 1999, NATURE, V397, P486, DOI 10.1038/17257; Drummmond B.A. III, 1984, P291; Fischer K, 2007, HEREDITY, V98, P157, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800919; Friedlander M, 1997, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V43, P1085, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(97)00044-9; GAGE MJG, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P594, DOI 10.2307/2389920; GIEBULTOWICZ JM, 1988, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V34, P527, DOI 10.1016/0022-1910(88)90194-1; Gotthard K, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P896, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00432.x; GOTTHARD K, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V99, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF00627740; GURDON GB, 1991, METHOD CELL BIOL, P299; Jervis MA, 2005, ECOL ENTOMOL, V30, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00712.x; Joron M, 2003, NATURE, V424, P191, DOI 10.1038/nature01713; KAITALA A, 1995, J INSECT BEHAV, V8, P355; Lewis Z, 2007, J INSECT BEHAV, V20, P201, DOI 10.1007/s10905-007-9075-2; Meves F, 1903, ARCH MIKRO ANAT ENTW, V61, P1; MUKAI T, 1971, GENETICS, V69, P385; Pijpe J, 2006, MECH AGEING DEV, V127, P802, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2006.07.006; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff Derek A., 1992; Saccheri IJ, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P39, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2903; SILBERGLIED RE, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P255, DOI 10.1086/284200; Wedell N, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P3433, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01774; Wedell N, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P625, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0340; Wedell N, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02533-8; WIKLUND C, 1977, OECOLOGIA, V31, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF00346917; Zijlstra WG, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P1229; Zijlstra Wilte G., 2001, Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.), V12, P19; Zwaan BJ, 2008, J GENET, V87, P395, DOI 10.1007/s12041-008-0062-y	35	6	6	0	17	CZECH ACAD SCI, INST ENTOMOLOGY	CESKE BUDEJOVICE	BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC	1802-8829			EUR J ENTOMOL	Eur. J. Entomol.		2010	107	1					55	59		10.14411/eje.2010.006				5	Entomology	Entomology	565DS	WOS:000275270000006		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Kaptijn, R; Thomese, F; van Tilburg, TG; Liefbroer, AC; Dorly, JHD				Kaptijn, Ralf; Thomese, Fleur; van Tilburg, Theo G.; Liefbroer, Aart C.; Deeg, Dorly J. H.			Low fertility in contemporary humans and the mate value of their children: sex-specific effects on social status indicators	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Life history theory; Fertility; Parental investment; Mate value; Social status; Reproductive success	FAMILY-SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; BIRTH-ORDER; TRADE-OFF; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SIBSHIP SIZE; QUALITY; FITNESS	Evolutionary explanations of low fertility in modem affluent societies commonly state that low fertility is the outcome of high parental investments in the quality of their children. Although the empirical evidence that modern parents do face a quantity-quality trade-off is strong, two issues that are relevant from an evolutionary perspective have not received much attention. First, sex differences in the proximate aspects of quality have been largely ignored. Second, the relationship between the quantity of children and their reproductive success in contemporary low-fertility societies remains unclear. In this article, we study the quantity-quality trade-off as a trade-off between the number of children and the mate value and reproductive success of those children. We examine the trade-off in two steps. First, a lower number of children is expected to increase the mate value of these children. Second, greater mate value is expected to lead to greater reproductive success. Using sex-specific indicators of mate value, we test these hypotheses in a representative sample of the Dutch population aged 55-85 in 1992 (n=3229). This sample contains information on three successive generations in which the middle generation has completed fertility. We find support for the first hypothesis, but only partial support for the second hypothesis. A higher number of children is traded off against the mate value of the children, but not against their reproductive success. We conclude that the conditions under which the quantity of children is traded off against their reproductive success depend on the social environment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Kaptijn, Ralf] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Social Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Liefbroer, Aart C.] Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demog Inst, The Hague, Netherlands	Kaptijn, R (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Social Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.	rwj.skaptijn@fsw.vu.nl	van Tilburg, Theo/F-1269-2010; Thomese, Fleur/F-4803-2013	van Tilburg, Theo/0000-0002-1005-6732; 			BEAUCHAMP G, 1994, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V15, P31, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90026-4; Becker G. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Strassmann BI, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P553, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1912; Trivers R., 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; TURKE PW, 1989, POPUL DEV REV, V15, P61, DOI 10.2307/1973405; Van Bavel J, 2006, J BIOSOC SCI, V38, P553, DOI 10.1017/S0021932005026994; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; van Poppel F, 2001, J BIOSOC SCI, V33, P279, DOI 10.1017/S0021932001002796; WAYNFORTH D, 1995, BEHAVIOUR, V132, P755, DOI 10.1163/156853995X00135; Weeden J, 2006, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V17, P377, DOI 10.1007/s12110-006-1001-3	57	13	13	0	12	ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC	NEW YORK	360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA	1090-5138			EVOL HUM BEHAV	Evol. Hum. Behav.	JAN	2010	31	1					59	68		10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.007				10	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences	592KQ	WOS:000277378200008					2018-11-12	
J	Vaughn, JE; Bradley, KI; Byrd-Craven, J; Kennison, SM				Vaughn, James E.; Bradley, Kristopher I.; Byrd-Craven, Jennifer; Kennison, Shelia M.			The Effect of Mortality Salience on Women's Judgments of Male Faces	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						facial preference; mate selection; mortality salience; terror management theory; life history theory	TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; PREFERENCES; DEATH; MASCULINITY; BEAUTY; BEHAVIOR; CHOICE	Previous research has shown that individuals who are reminded of their death exhibited a greater desire for offspring than those who were not reminded of their death. The present research investigated whether being reminded of mortality affects mate selection behaviors, such as facial preference judgments. Prior research has shown that women prefer more masculine faces when they are at the high versus low fertility phase of their menstrual cycles. We report an experiment in which women were tested either at their high or fertility phase. They were randomly assigned to either a mortality salience (MS) or control condition and then asked to judge faces ranging from extreme masculine to extreme feminine. The results showed that women's choice of the attractive male face was determined by an interaction between fertility phase and condition. In control conditions, high fertility phase women preferred a significantly more masculine face than women who were in a lower fertility phase of their menstrual cycles. In MS conditions, high fertility phase women preferred a significantly less masculine (i.e., more average) face than women who were in a low fertility phase. The results indicate that biological processes, such as fertility phase, involved in mate selection are sensitive to current environmental factors, such as death reminders. This sensitivity may serve as an adaptive compromise when choosing a mate in potentially adverse environmental conditions.	[Vaughn, James E.; Bradley, Kristopher I.; Byrd-Craven, Jennifer; Kennison, Shelia M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Psychol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA	Byrd-Craven, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Psychol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.	jennifer.byrd.craven@okstate.edu		Kennison, Shelia/0000-0001-9298-3152			Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Becker E., 1973, DENIAL DEATH; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Boothroyd LG, 2007, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V43, P1161, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.03.008; Borgerhoff Mulder Monique, 1992, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; Brumbach BH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P25, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Cohen C. 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Psychol.		2010	8	3					477	491						15	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	674FM	WOS:000283720400013	22947814	DOAJ Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Dunkel, CS; Mathes, E; Papini, DR				Dunkel, Curtis S.; Mathes, Eugene; Papini, Dennis R.			The Effect of Life Expectancy on Aggression and Generativity: A Life History Perspective	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Life-history theory; aggression; generativity	FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY-RATES; GENERAL FACTOR; TRADE-OFFS; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY	Following a model that is inclusive of both dispositional and situational influences on life-history behaviors and attitudes, the effect of life expectancies on aggression and generativity was examined. Consistent with the hypotheses it was found that shorter life expectancies led to an increase in the desire to aggress and a decrease in the desire to engage in generative behaviors. The results are discussed in terms of how life history theory can be used to frame research on person-situation interactions.	[Dunkel, Curtis S.; Mathes, Eugene] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Papini, Dennis R.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Psychol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	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J	Frick, WF; Reynolds, DS; Kunz, TH				Frick, Winifred F.; Reynolds, D. Scott; Kunz, Thomas H.			Influence of climate and reproductive timing on demography of little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						breeding probability; capture-recapture; climate change; robust design	POPULATION DYNAMICAL CONSEQUENCES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SURVIVAL RATES; ROBUST DESIGN; UNITED-STATES	1. Estimating variation in demographic rates, such as survival and fecundity, is important for testing life-history theory and identifying conservation and management goals. 2. We used 16 years (1993-2008) of mark-recapture data to estimate age-specific survival and breeding probabilities of the little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus LeConte in southern New Hampshire, USA. Using Kendall & Nichols' (1995) full-likelihood approach of the robust design to account for temporary emigration, we tested whether survival and breeding propensity is influenced by regional weather patterns and timing of reproduction. 3. Our results demonstrate that adult female survival of M. lucifugus ranged from 0.63 (95% CL = 0.56, 0.68) to 0.90 (95% CL = 0.77, 0.94), and was highest in wet years with high cumulative summer precipitation. First-year survival [range: 0.23 (95% CL = 0.14, 0.35) to 0.46 (95% CL = 0.34, 0.57)] was considerably lower than adult survival and depended on pup date of birth, such that young born earlier in the summer (c. late May) had a significantly higher probability of surviving their first year than young born later in the summer (c. mid-July). Similarly, the probability of young females returning to the maternity colony to breed in the summer following their birth year was higher for individuals born earlier in the summer [range: 0.23 (95% CL = 0.08, 0.50) to 0.53 (95% CL = 0.30, 0.75)]. 4. The positive influence of early parturition on 1st-year survival and breeding propensity demonstrates significant fitness benefits to reproductive timing in this temperate insectivorous bat. 5. Climatic factors can have important consequences for population dynamics of temperate bats, which may be negatively affected by summer drying patterns associated with global climate change. 6. Understanding long-term demographic trends will be important in the face of a novel disease phenomenon (White-Nose Syndrome) that is associated with massive mortalities in hibernating bat species, including M. lucifugus, in the northeastern United States.	[Frick, Winifred F.; Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, CECB, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [Reynolds, D. Scott] St Pauls Sch, Concord, NH 03301 USA	Frick, WF (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, CECB, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA.	wfrick@batresearch.org			USFWS; Theodore Roosevelt Fund; Sigma Xi; American Society of Mammalogists; National Science Foundation [IIS-0326483]	We thank B. Fenton, M. Garel, T. Hallam and P. Cryan for thoughtful reviews of our manuscript. We especially wish to thank the Francis Carr family for allowing us to study the bats that occupy the barn on their property in Peterborough, New Hampshire. We also wish to thank Jeff Laake for sharing RMark and for his assistance. We thank Bill Kendall and Gary White for answering questions about the robust design in Program MARK. This project was funded by a USFWS White-Nose Syndrome grant to W.F.F., D.S.R. and T.H.K., graduate research grants to D.S.R. from the Theodore Roosevelt Fund, Sigma Xi, and the American Society of Mammalogists, and a National Science Foundation Grant to THK (IIS-0326483).	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J	Hussey, NE; Wintner, SP; Dudley, SFJ; Cliff, G; Cocks, DT; MacNeil, MA				Hussey, Nigel E.; Wintner, Sabine P.; Dudley, Sheldon F. J.; Cliff, Geremy; Cocks, David T.; MacNeil, M. Aaron			Maternal investment and size-specific reproductive output in carcharhinid sharks	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Carcharhinus brevipinna; Carcharhinus obscurus; maternal investment; maternal resource allocation; morphometric condition; reproductive trade-off; somatic condition; variable reproductive output	SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS; PROTECTIVE GILL NETS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LIFE-HISTORY; SOUTH-AFRICA; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; EGG SIZE; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC	P>1. Life-history theory predicts that organisms will provide an optimal level of parental investment for offspring survival balanced against the effects on their own survival and future reproductive potential. 2. Optimal resource allocation models also predict an increase in reproductive output with age as expected future reproductive effort decreases. To date, maternal investment in sharks has received limited attention. 3. We found that neonatal dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus) are not independent from maternal resource allocation at the point of parturition but instead are provisioned with energy reserves in the form of an enlarged liver that constitutes approximately 20% of total body mass. 4. Analysis of long-term archived data sets showed that a large proportion of this enlarged liver is utilized during the first weeks or months of life suggesting that the reported weight loss of newborn sharks signifies a natural orientation process and is not necessarily related to prey abundance and/or indicative of high mortality rates. 5. Interrogation of near-term pup mass in two carcharhinids, the dusky and spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna), further revealed an increase in reproductive output with maternal size, with evidence for a moderate decline in the largest mothers. 6. For the dusky shark, there was a trade-off between increasing litter size and near-term pup mass in support of optimal offspring size theory. 7. For both the dusky and spinner shark, there was a linear increase in near-term pup mass with month, which may indicate variable parturition strategies and/or that carcharhinids are able to adjust the length of the gestation period. 8. The identification of optimal size-specific reproductive output has direct implications for improving the reproductive potential of exploited shark populations and for structuring future management strategies.	[Hussey, Nigel E.; Cocks, David T.] Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales; [Wintner, Sabine P.; Dudley, Sheldon F. J.; Cliff, Geremy] KwaZulu Natal Sharks Board, ZA-4320 Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa; [Wintner, Sabine P.; Dudley, Sheldon F. J.; Cliff, Geremy] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Biomed Resource Unit, ZA-4056 Durban, South Africa; [MacNeil, M. Aaron] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia	Hussey, NE (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales.	nigel.hussey@bangor.ac.uk	MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; Hussey, Nigel/F-9699-2015; Cocks, David/B-2921-2010; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017	MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X	NERC [NER/S/A/2005/13426]	We express our gratitude to the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board laboratory staff for their vigilant dissection work and recording of data which enabled this study to be undertaken. We thank our colleagues, John R. Turner, Lewis Le Vay, I.D. McCarthy and Aaron T. Fisk and two anonymous referees for their valuable and constructive comments on earlier drafts. NEH would like to express thanks to Anna J. and Alina J. Hussey for their continued support. NEH was funded by a NERC PhD studentship (NER/S/A/2005/13426).	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JAN	2010	79	1					184	193		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01623.x				10	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	531HY	WOS:000272656600021	19845812				2018-11-12	
J	Frank, SA				Frank, S. A.			Demography and the tragedy of the commons	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						group selection; kin selection; life history; social evolution	SEX-RATIO; KIN SELECTION; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; HAYSTACK MODEL; VIRULENCE; MICROORGANISMS; PERSPECTIVE; COMPETITION; POPULATION; REPRESSION	Individual success in group-structured populations has two components. First, an individual gains by outcompeting its neighbours for local resources. Second, an individual's share of group success must be weighted by the total productivity of the group. The essence of sociality arises from the tension between selfish gains against neighbours and the associated loss that selfishness imposes by degrading the efficiency of the group. Without some force to modulate selfishness, the natural tendencies of self interest typically degrade group performance to the detriment of all. This is the tragedy of the commons. Kin selection provides the most widely discussed way in which the tragedy is overcome in biology. Kin selection arises from behavioural associations within groups caused either by genetical kinship or by other processes that correlate the behaviours of group members. Here, I emphasize demography as a second factor that may also modulate the tragedy of the commons and favour cooperative integration of groups. Each act of selfishness or cooperation in a group often influences group survival and fecundity over many subsequent generations. For example, a cooperative act early in the growth cycle of a colony may enhance the future size and survival of the colony. This time-dependent benefit can greatly increase the degree of cooperation favoured by natural selection, providing another way in which to overcome the tragedy of the commons and enhance the integration of group behaviour. I conclude that analyses of sociality must account for both the behavioural associations of kin selection theory and the demographic consequences of life history theory.	[Frank, S. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA; [Frank, S. A.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA	Frank, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.	safrank@uci.edu		Frank, Steven/0000-0001-7348-7794	National Science Foundation [EF-0822399]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U01-GM-76499]; James S. McDonnell Foundation	Parts of this paper were modified from Frank (1987, 1998, pp. 238-242). My research is supported by National Science Foundation grant EF-0822399, National Institute of General Medical Sciences MIDAS Program grant U01-GM-76499, and a grant from the James S. McDonnell Foundation.	Alexander R. D., 1987, BIOL MORAL SYSTEMS; Alexander R. 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Evol. Biol.	JAN	2010	23	1					32	39		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01893.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	532UC	WOS:000272774400004	19912449	Green Accepted, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Gonzalez-Medina, E; Castillo-Guerrero, JA; Mellink, E				Gonzalez-Medina, Erick; Castillo-Guerrero, Jose Alfredo; Mellink, Eric			Parental and chick responses of Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla) to increase of flight costs and brood size	JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Article						Breeding optimization; Chick body condition; Chick survival; Life history theory	INSURANCE-EGG HYPOTHESIS; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; REPRODUCTIVE COSTS; NATURAL-SELECTION; PELAGIC SEABIRD; PETREL; CARE; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION	One main line of thought in life history theory is that investment in offspring must be balanced to minimize negative impacts on adult survival and future breeding. Seabirds have been regarded as fixed investors, although they exhibit a whole gradient of life history traits. We studied the consequences of brood size (one and three chicks) and of increased flight costs to one mate of a pair (3- and 5-cm trimming of the edge of the primary feathers) on parental response and on survival and body condition of chicks of Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla). Parent gulls modified their nest attendance when their mate was handicapped, in a pattern dependent on the sex of the latter. Trimming of males affected chicks more severely than that of females. On its part, brood size affected amount of feeding sessions. Both chick body condition and survival were negatively affected by larger broods and by increased flight costs of one of their parents, especially when it was the male. Overall, parental inversion exhibited adjustments depending on the requirements of the brood and the fact that males compensated better the increased flying costs of their mates than vice versa. Despite a certain capacity by the males to compensate for the increased flight costs of the females, compensation was insufficient, and much less so in females, especially in larger broods, affecting chicks' body condition and survival.	[Gonzalez-Medina, Erick; Castillo-Guerrero, Jose Alfredo; Mellink, Eric] Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico	Mellink, E (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cientifica & Educ Super Ensenada, BC Km 107 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada,Apdo Postal, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.	emellink@cicese.mx		GONZALEZ-MEDINA, ERICK/0000-0002-9748-8641	Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia from Mexico (CONACyT)	We thank Raul Santos, Carolina Gonzalez, Marco Ornelas, Ulises Angulo and Miguel Guevara for assistance during field work. Tamaz Szekely and Clemens Kupper helped to define the experimental design. Two anonymous reviewers helped to improve this article. This work was financed by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia from Mexico (CONACyT), which also supported E. G.-M. and J. A. C.-G. through scholarships. The fieldwork carried out for this study complies with the Mexican laws.	ANDERSON DJ, 1990, AM NAT, V135, P334, DOI 10.1086/285049; ASHMOLE N. 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J	Rushton, JP				Rushton, J. Philippe			Brain size as an explanation of national differences in IQ, longevity, and other life-history variables	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Brain size; National IQ; Longevity; Life-history theory	INTELLIGENCE; EVOLUTION	Brain size provides a causal mechanism for why national differences in intelligence correlate with life-history variables such as longevity, health, parental care, and fecundity. Brain size correlates .40 with general intelligence within human populations, .91 with IQ across ten human population groups, and .60-90 with longevity, fecundity, and infant mortality in non-human animals Oust as IQ does within and across nations, albeit often with lower values). Brain size is central to a suite of life-history variables arising during the course of evolution. Traits need to be harmonized, not work independently of each other. The question Wicherts et al. do not ask is - what causes national differences in their preferred theory of "developmental status?" Heritable brain-power is the answer. A life-history theory perspective on heritable brain-power also explains the social-class/longevity paradox within nations. Any theory which explains differences at the individual, national, and cross-national level deserves to be taken very seriously. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada	Rushton, JP (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.	rushton@uwo.ca					Bailey DH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P67, DOI 10.1007/s12110-008-9054-0; BEALS KL, 1984, CURR ANTHROPOL, V25, P301, DOI 10.1086/203138; Cvorovic J, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V44, P1604, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.019; Deary IJ, 2009, LIFETIME INTELLIGENC; JENSEN AR, 1998, G FACTOR; Kanazawa S, 2008, INTELLIGENCE, V36, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2007.04.001; Lynn R, 2006, IQ GLOBAL INEQUALITY; Lynn R., 2006, RACE DIFFERENCES INT; Rushton J. P., 1995, RACE EVOLUTION BEHAV; Rushton JP, 2009, INTELLIGENCE, V37, P341, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2009.04.003; Rushton JP, 2009, INT J NEUROSCI, V119, P691, DOI 10.1080/00207450802325843; Rushton JP, 2004, INTELLIGENCE, V32, P321, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.003; Templer DI, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P440, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.010; WICHERTS JM, 2009, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V48, P91; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1	15	14	14	0	19	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	JAN	2010	48	2					97	99		10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.029				3	Psychology, Social	Psychology	535MT	WOS:000272974000002					2018-11-12	
J	Templer, DI				Templer, Donald I.			Can't see the forest because of the trees	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						National IQs; Life history theory; Rushton; Lynn; HIV/AIDS	SKIN COLOR; INTELLIGENCE; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; IQ	The critique by Wicherts, Borsboom, and Dolan misses the Big Picture provided by Richard Lynn in assembling national IQs and by J. Philippe Rushton in developing an evolutionary life history theory of race differences in brain size and intelligence. Their perspectives seem correct in essentials although may prove wrong in particulars. I provide evidence in their favor and also defend my own research on the importance of skin color as a correlate of IQ. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alliant Int Univ, Fresno, CA USA	Templer, DI (reprint author), Alliant Int Univ, Fresno, CA USA.	donaldtempler@sbcglobal.net					Clark G, 2007, PRINC ECON HIST W WO, P1; Cochran G, 2009, 10000 YEAR EXPLOSION; Jensen AR, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P128, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.003; Kanazawa S, 2008, INTELLIGENCE, V36, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2007.04.001; LYNN R, 1991, MANKIND QUART, V32, P99; Lynn R, 2006, IQ GLOBAL INEQUALITY; Lynn R, 2002, IQ WEALTH NATIONS; LYNN R, INTELLIGENC IN PRESS; Lynn R, 2007, INTELLIGENCE, V35, P115, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2006.06.001; Manning JT, 2002, DIGIT RATIO POINTER; Meisenberg G, 2008, MANKIND QUART, V48, P407; Rushton J., 2000, RACE EVOLUTION BEHAV; Rushton J. P., 1995, RACE EVOLUTION BEHAV; Rushton JP, 2009, INTELLIGENCE, V37, P341, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2009.04.003; Templer DI, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P121, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.002; Templer DI, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P440, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.010; WICHERTS JM, INTELLIGENC IN PRESS; WICHERTS JM, PERSONALITY IN PRESS, V48, P91	18	7	7	0	3	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	JAN	2010	48	2					102	103		10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.011				2	Psychology, Social	Psychology	535MT	WOS:000272974000004					2018-11-12	
J	Phillips, BL				Phillips, Ben L.			The evolution of growth rates on an expanding range edge	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						Bufo marinus; invasive species; Rhinella marina; r-selection	SEXUAL SELECTION; DISPERSAL; TOADS; INVASIONS	Individuals in the vanguard of a species invasion face altered selective conditions when compared with conspecifics behind the invasion front. Assortment by dispersal ability on the expanding front, for example, drives the evolution of increased dispersal, which, in turn, leads to accelerated rates of invasion. Here I propose an additional evolutionary mechanism to explain accelerating invasions: shifts in population growth rate (r). Because individuals in the vanguard face lower population density than those in established populations, they should ( relative to individuals in established populations) experience greater r-selection. To test this possibility, I used the ongoing invasion of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) across northern Australia. Life-history theory shows that the most efficient way to increase the rate of population growth is to reproduce earlier. Thus, I predict that toads on the invasion front will exhibit faster individual growth rates ( and thus will reach breeding size earlier) than those from older populations. Using a common garden design, I show that this is indeed the case: both tadpoles and juvenile toads from frontal populations grow around 30 per cent faster than those from older, long established populations. These results support theoretical predictions that r increases during range advance and highlight the importance of understanding the evolution of life history during range advance.	Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	Phillips, BL (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, A08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.	whatbeard@gmail.com	Phillips, Ben/C-7957-2009	Phillips, Ben/0000-0003-2580-2336	ARC	I thank Matthew Greenlees, Taegan Calnan and James Smith for assistance in the field. Michelle Franklin provided unstinting assistance with the husbandry, and Rick Shine, Greg Brown, Stuart Baird and Justin Travis provided valuable discussion. Funding was provided by the ARC.	ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P720, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00345.x; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Crawley M. J., 2007, R BOOK; Hastings A, 2005, ECOL LETT, V8, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00687.x; HOLT RD, 2006, SPECIES INVASIONS IN, P259; HOWARD RD, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1286, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05313.x; Hughes CL, 2007, ECOL ENTOMOL, V32, P437, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00890.x; Lewontin R.C., 1965, GENETICS COLONIZING, P79; MAC ARTHUR ROBERT H., 1967; Phillips BL, 2008, AM NAT, V172, pS34, DOI 10.1086/588255; Phillips BL, 2006, NATURE, V439, P803, DOI 10.1038/439803a; Roff D., 1993, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Simmons AD, 2004, AM NAT, V164, P378, DOI 10.1086/423430; SKELLAM JG, 1951, BIOMETRIKA, V38, P196, DOI 10.1093/biomet/38.1-2.196; Travis JMJ, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P1119; Urban MC, 2008, AM NAT, V171, pE134, DOI 10.1086/527494; ZUG GR, 1979, SMITHSON CONTRIB ZOO, V284, P1, DOI DOI 10.5479/SI.00810282.284	17	78	78	1	60	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	DEC 23	2009	5	6					802	804		10.1098/rsbl.2009.0367				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	517QM	WOS:000271632000026	19605384	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Swillen, I; De Block, M; Stoks, R				Swillen, Ine; De Block, Marjan; Stoks, Robby			Morphological and physiological sexual selection targets in a territorial damselfly	ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Energy reserves; flight ability; fluctuating asymmetry; functional approach; mating success; performance; territoriality	BUTTERFLY PARARGE-AEGERIA; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; TIME CONSTRAINTS; MATING SUCCESS; LIFE-HISTORY; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; AMERICAN RUBYSPOT; IMMUNE FUNCTION; BODY-SIZE; TRAITS	Several morphological and physiological traits may shape fitness through the same performance measure. In such cases, differentiating between a scenario of many-to-one mapping, where phenotypic traits independently shape fitness leading to functional redundancy, and a scenario where traits strongly covary among each other and fitness, is needed. A multivariate approach was used, including morphological and physiological traits related to flight ability, a crucial performance measure in flying insects, to identify independent correlates of short-term mating success (mated versus unmated males) in the territorial damselfly Lestes viridis. Males with higher flight muscle mass, higher relative thorax mass, and more symmetrical hindwings, all traits presumably linked to manoeuvrability, were more likely to be mated. Unexpectedly, although relative thorax mass is often used as a proxy for flight muscle mass, both traits were selected for independently. Mated males had a higher thorax fat content than unmated males, possibly because of enhanced flight endurance. The finding of several independent targets of sexual selection linked to flight ability is consistent with a scenario of many-to-one mapping between phenotype and performance. Identifying such a scenario is important, because it may clarify situations where animals may show suboptimal values for some phenotypic traits shaping a performance measure, while still having high performance and fitness. We argue in the discussion that the functional approach of sexual selection provides a potent tool for examining unresolved issues in both sexual selection theory, as well as life-history theory.	[Swillen, Ine; De Block, Marjan; Stoks, Robby] Univ Leuven, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Biol, Lab Aquat Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium	Swillen, I (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Biol, Lab Aquat Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Deberjotstr 32, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.	Ine.swillen@bio.kuleuven.be			FWO; KULeuven Research Fund	We would like to thank Hannes Rengle for field assistance, Sarah Vandevelde for laboratory assistance, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. MDB is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). Financial support came from research grants of FWO and the KULeuven Research Fund.	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Entomol.	DEC	2009	34	6					677	683		10.1111/j.1365-2311.2009.01114.x				7	Entomology	Entomology	515TL	WOS:000271495700002		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Carvalho, CD; da Silva, JP; Mendonca, CLF; Bessa, ECD; D'Avila, S				Carvalho, Camilla de Medeiros; da Silva, Jairo Pinheiro; Furtado Mendonca, Cristiane Lafeta; de Almeida Bessa, Elisabeth Cristina; D'Avila, Sthefane			Life history strategy of Leptinaria unilamellata (d'Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Subulinidae)	INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT			English	Article						Embryonic development; indeterminate growth; galactogen; glycogen land snail; long-term investment; ovoviviparity; trade-off	FRESH-WATER SNAIL; HERMAPHRODITIC LAND SNAIL; ARIANTA-ARBUSTORUM; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HELIX-ASPERSA; EGG RETENTION; GASTROPODA; GROWTH; OVOVIVIPARITY	Life history theory predicts that the patterns of resource allocation in animals are associated with different strategies, selected in the course of evolution. In the present study, the life history of Leptinaria unilamellata was characterized under laboratory conditions. We determined the growth, reproduction, and longevity patterns of this species and elucidated the strategy related to the development of embryos, through direct observations and examination of the morphology of the gravid Uterus. Furthermore, we attempted to analyze the glycogen and galactogen contents of the albumen gland, digestive gland and cephalopedal mass in order to understand energy allocation to life history traits, for three life stages. Leptinaria unilamellata's life history is characterized by great longevity, a short juvenile phase, early sexual maturity, and repeated reproductive events, with little reproductive effort at each event and some mortality shortly after the first reproduction. In the terraria, We found juveniles but no eggs. However, the results of the anatomical study showed no morphological connection between the embryos and the parental organism. Thus, this species should be described as ovoviviparous rather than viviparous. Egg retention in the parent organism is the primary cause of the release of juveniles, instead of eggs, enabling the offspring to withstand environmental stress. The higher quantity of galactogen found in the adults' albumen gland, as compared to Juveniles and senescent individuals, as well as the ratio of glycogen to galactogen, reveal the allocation of energy to reproduction rather than to growth. The remaining energy is directed to the maintenance of homeostasis. Such pattern was confirmed by the low levels of glycogen and galactogen observed in the senescent stage, compared to the juvenile and adult stages. In the life strategy of L. unilamellata, the distribution of the reproductive effort among many events associated with ovoviviparity indicates a long-term investment in reproductive success.	[Carvalho, Camilla de Medeiros; de Almeida Bessa, Elisabeth Cristina; D'Avila, Sthefane] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol Comportamento & Bi, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil; [de Almeida Bessa, Elisabeth Cristina; D'Avila, Sthefane] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil; [Carvalho, Camilla de Medeiros; de Almeida Bessa, Elisabeth Cristina; D'Avila, Sthefane] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Nucleo Malacol Prof Maury Pinto de Oliveira, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil; [da Silva, Jairo Pinheiro] Univ Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil; [Furtado Mendonca, Cristiane Lafeta] Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou Fiocruz, Lab Helmintoses Intestinais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil	Carvalho, CD (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol Comportamento & Bi, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil.	k_milla_medeiros@yahoo.com.br	D`avila, Sthefane/F-6926-2014	D`avila, Sthefane/0000-0001-6494-309X	National Research Council (CNPq); FAPEMIG	The authors are grateful to Dr. Juliane Floriano S. Lopes, Department of Zoology of Juiz de Fora Federal University, for her invaluable help in statistical analysis, and to Lidiane Cristina da Silva, Malacology Museum, and Prof. Maury Pinto de Oliveira of Juiz de Fora Federal University, for their significant assistance during the biochemical analysis. This work was partially supported by the National Research Council (CNPq) and FAPEMIG.	Almeida M. 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Reprod. Dev.	DEC	2009	53	4					211	222						12	Reproductive Biology; Zoology	Reproductive Biology; Zoology	561CS	WOS:000274953700004					2018-11-12	
J	McNamara, JM; Houston, AI; Barta, Z; Scheuerlein, A; Fromhage, L				McNamara, John M.; Houston, Alasdair I.; Barta, Zoltan; Scheuerlein, Alexander; Fromhage, Lutz			Deterioration, death and the evolution of reproductive restraint in late life	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						life history; reproduction; terminal investment; ageing; senescence	TERMINAL INVESTMENT; MORTALITY TRAJECTORIES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AGE; SENESCENCE; HYPOTHESIS; ALLOCATION; MECHANISMS; MODELS; SIZE	Explaining why organisms schedule reproduction over their lifetimes in the various ways that they do is an enduring challenge in biology. An influential theoretical prediction states that organisms should increasingly invest in reproduction as they approach the end of their life. An apparent mismatch of empirical data with this prediction has been attributed to age-related constraints on the ability to reproduce. Here we present a general framework for the evolution of age-related reproductive trajectories. Instead of characterizing an organism by its age, we characterize it by its physiological condition. We develop a common currency that if maximized at each time guarantees the whole life history is optimal. This currency integrates reproduction, mortality and changes in condition. We predict that under broad conditions it will be optimal for organisms to invest less in reproduction as they age, thus challenging traditional interpretations of age-related traits and renewing debate about the extent to which observed life histories are shaped by constraint versus adaptation. Our analysis gives a striking illustration of the differences between an age-based and a condition-based approach to life-history theory. It also provides a unified account of not only standard life-history models but of related models involving the allocation of limited resources.	[Fromhage, Lutz] Zool Inst & Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [McNamara, John M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England; [Houston, Alasdair I.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England; [Barta, Zoltan] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary; [Scheuerlein, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, D-18057 Rostock, Germany	Fromhage, L (reprint author), Zool Inst & Museum, Martin Luther King Pl 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.	lutzfromhage@web.de	Fromhage, Lutz/B-2936-2009	Fromhage, Lutz/0000-0001-5560-6673	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; BBSRC	We thank A. Baudisch and J. Vaupel for comments on a previous version of this article. L. F. was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and ZB was funded by a BBSRC grant to A. I. H. and J. M. Mc.	Baudisch A, 2008, DEMOGR RES MONOGR, P1, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-76656-8; Beckman KB, 1998, PHYSIOL REV, V78, P547; Billing AM, 2007, BEHAV ECOL, V18, P535, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm007; Cameron EZ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P243, DOI 10.1007/s002650050661; CHARLESWORTH B, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P449, DOI 10.1086/283079; Cichon M, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P180, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00243.x; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; HOUSTON AI, 1989, ANIM BEHAV, V37, P546, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(89)90034-1; Houston AI, 1999, MODELS ADAPTIVE BEHA; Isaac JL, 2005, BIOL LETT-UK, V1, P271, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0326; Kirkwood TBL, 2000, NATURE, V408, P233, DOI 10.1038/35041682; MAGNHAGEN C, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P183, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90210-O; Mangel M, 2004, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V65, P353, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2003.07.005; McNamara JM, 1996, NATURE, V380, P215, DOI 10.1038/380215a0; Moe B, 2009, BIOL LETTERS, V5, P86, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0481; Monaghan P, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P371, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01418.x; Monaghan P, 2009, ECOL LETT, V12, P75, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01258.x; Munch SB, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P16604, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0601735103; PARKER GA, 1984, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V26, P27, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(84)90022-4; Reinhold K, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P201, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00390.x; Roff Derek A., 1992; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P783, DOI 10.1086/282954; Sohal RS, 2002, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V33, P575, DOI 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00886-9; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Vaupel JW, 2004, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V65, P339, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2003.12.003; Velando A, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1443, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3480; Weladji RB, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P79, DOI 10.1007/s00442-001-0864-6; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S; Yearsley JM, 2005, J THEOR BIOL, V235, P305, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.01.009	31	78	79	3	42	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	NOV 22	2009	276	1675					4061	4066		10.1098/rspb.2009.0959				6	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	505CF	WOS:000270665100019	19726476	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Whitten, PL; Turner, TR				Whitten, Patricia L.; Turner, Trudy R.			Endocrine Mechanisms of Primate Life History Trade-Offs: Growth and Reproductive Maturation in Vervet Monkeys	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							CERCOPITHECUS-AETHIOPS; BABOONS PAPIO; SERUM LEPTIN; WILD; EVOLUTION; ESTROGEN; DETERMINANTS; POPULATIONS; PHYSIOLOGY; PATTERNS	Life history theory predicts that the timing of maturation will result from a trade-off between growth and the age of first reproduction. This trade-off and its mechanisms of action are still poorly understood in many species and have not been well studied at the individual level. This study examined hypothesized trade-offs between growth and reproductive maturation in wild populations of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) from Kenya, East Africa. Individuals were sampled from four populations in widely separated sites differing in temperature, altitude, and rainfall. Biological samples and morphometric measures were collected from 50 adult males, 83 adult females, and 225 juveniles. Gonadal steroids and leptin levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay of sera from 136 juvenile males and 90 juvenile females. Cross-sectional profiles of morphometric and endocrine data were used to assess the onset and cessation of growth in relation to sexual maturation. Gonadal steroids were used to assess sexual maturation and breeding onset. Leptin was used as an index of nutritional state. Estimates of mortality were derived from population age-structure. Across populations, higher resource productivity and nutrient status were associated with more rapid growth. Shorter growth duration was associated with earlier reproductive onset. These findings provide support for models of trade-offs between the timing of growth completion and reproductive onset, but they are contradicted by the evidence that reproduction precedes the cessation of growth in these populations. The biphasic actions of estradiol provide an alternative model and mechanism for the growth-reproduction trade-off. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:754-761, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Whitten, Patricia L.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Turner, Trudy R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anthropol, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA; [Turner, Trudy R.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Whitten, PL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1557 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.	antpw@emory.edu			National Science Foundation [BCS0116465, BNS7703322, BCS0115993]	Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant numbers: BCS0116465, BNS7703322 and BCS0115993	Ahima RS, 2004, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V81, P223, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.014; Alberts Susan C., 2003, P66; Banks WA, 2001, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V86, P4315, DOI 10.1210/jc.86.9.4315; Barker DJP, 1997, NUTRITION, V13, P807, DOI 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00193-7; Bernstein RM, 2008, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V136, P156, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20791; Bogin B, 2007, AM J HUM BIOL, V19, P631, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20666; Bolter DR, 2003, J ZOOL, V260, P99, DOI 10.1017/S0952836903003522; Bourgarel M, 2002, AFR J ECOL, V40, P186, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00377.x; BRADY AG, 1985, J MED PRIMATOL, V14, P293; BRETT FL, 1982, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V46, P164, DOI 10.2307/3808419; Charnov Eric L., 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V1, P191, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360010604; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Cutler GB, 1997, J STEROID BIOCHEM, V61, P141; Diano S, 2003, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V144, P3774, DOI 10.1210/en.2003-0274; DUNBAR RIM, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04300.x; FAIRBANKS LA, 1984, AM J PRIMATOL, V7, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajp.1350070106; *FAO, 1996, RAINF VAR DROUGHT SU; FINCH CE, 1995, Q REV BIOL, V70, P1, DOI 10.1086/418864; Frank GR, 2003, MED PEDIATR ONCOL, V41, P217, DOI 10.1002/mpo.10340; Gluckman PD, 2007, AM J HUM BIOL, V19, P1, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20590; Godfrey Laurie R., 2003, P177; HILLMAN J C, 1977, East African Wildlife Journal, V15, P1; Janson Charles H., 1993, P57; Karperien M, 2005, PEDIATR NEPHROL, V20, P323, DOI 10.1007/s00467-004-1710-y; KETTERSON ED, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P533; Kramer KL, 2008, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V136, P338, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20817; Leigh SR, 1996, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V101, P455, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199612)101:4<455::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-V; LEIGH SR, 1992, J HUM EVOL, V23, P27, DOI 10.1016/0047-2484(92)90042-8; Leigh SR, 1998, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V107, P331; Pereira Michael E., 2003, P149; Plant TM, 1997, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V138, P4505, DOI 10.1210/en.138.10.4505; Richard AF, 2002, J ZOOL, V256, P421, DOI 10.1017/S0952836902000468; Rissman EF, 2008, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V20, P873, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01738.x; ROWELL TE, 1979, J MAMMAL, V60, P58, DOI 10.2307/1379758; Setchell JM, 2002, AM J PRIMATOL, V56, P9, DOI 10.1002/ajp.1060; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEKEL D, 2003, MICROARRAY BIOINFORM; TURNER TR, 1981, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V55, P225, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330550211; TURNER TR, 1997, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V103, P37; van der Eerden BCJ, 2003, ENDOCR REV, V24, P782, DOI 10.1210/er.2002-0033; Vitzthum VJ, 2008, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V37, P53, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085112; Walker R, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P295, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20510; WATTS ES, 1990, MG PRIMATOL, V14, P89; Whitten PL, 2008, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V137, P441, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20885; Whitten PL, 2004, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V56, P565, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0817-2; Whitten PL, 1996, AM J PRIMATOL, V40, P67, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)40:1<67::AID-AJP5>3.3.CO;2-F; Worthman CM, 1997, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V104, P1; Zera AJ, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P95, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006	48	13	13	0	11	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1042-0533			AM J HUM BIOL	Am. J. Hum. Biol.	NOV-DEC	2009	21	6					754	761		10.1002/ajhb.20939				8	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	517BZ	WOS:000271589100006	19402037				2018-11-12	
J	Vitzthum, VJ; Worthman, CM; Beall, CM; Thornburg, J; Vargas, E; Villena, M; Soria, R; Caceres, E; Spielvogel, H				Vitzthum, Virginia J.; Worthman, Carol M.; Beall, Cynthia M.; Thornburg, Jonathan; Vargas, Enrique; Villena, Mercedes; Soria, Rudy; Caceres, Esperanza; Spielvogel, Hilde			Seasonal and Circadian Variation in Salivary Testosterone in Rural Bolivian Men	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS; MALE GONADAL AXIS; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; POPULATION VARIATION; BINDING GLOBULIN; ITURI FOREST	Testosterone (T) plays a key role in the increase and maintenance of muscle mass and bone density in adult men. Life history theory predicts that environmental stress may prompt a reallocation of such investments to those functions critical to survival. We tested this hypothesis in two studies of rural Bolivian adult men by comparing free T levels and circadian rhythms during late winter, which is especially severe, to those in less arduous seasons. For each pair of salivary T(AM)/T(PM) samples (collected in a similar to 12-h period), circadian rhythm was considered classic (C(CLASSIC)) if T(AM) > 110%T(PM), reverse (C(REVERSE)) if T(PM) > 110%T(AM), and flat (C(FLAT)) otherwise. We tested the hypotheses that mean T(AM) > mean T(PM) and that mean T(LW) < mean T(OTHER) (LW = late winter, OTHER = other seasons). In Study A, of 115 T(PM)-T(AM) pairs, 51% = C(CLASSIC), 39% = C(REVERSE), 10% = C(FLAT); in Study B, of 184 T(AM)-T(PM) pairs, 55% = C(CLASSIC), 33% = C(REVERSE), 12% = C(FLAT). Based on fitting linear mixed models, in both studies T(OTHER-AM) > T(OTHER-PM) (A: P = 0.035, B: P = 0.0005) and T(OTHER-AM) > T(LW-AM) (A: P = 0.054, B: P = 0.007); T(PM) did not vary seasonally, and T diurnality was not significant during late winter. T diurnality varied substantially between days within an individual, between individuals and between seasons, but neither T levels nor diurnality varied with age. These patterns may reflect the seasonally varying but unscheduled, life-long, strenuous physical labor that typifies many non-industrialized economies. These results also suggest that single morning samples may substantially underestimate peak circulating T for an individual and, most importantly, that exogenous signals may moderate diurnality and the trajectory of age-related change in the male gonadal axis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:762-768, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Vitzthum, Virginia J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Worthman, Carol M.] Indiana Univ, Kinsey Inst Res Sex Gender & Reprod, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Beall, Cynthia M.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Beall, Cynthia M.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Anthropol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA; [Thornburg, Jonathan] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Vargas, Enrique; Villena, Mercedes; Soria, Rudy; Caceres, Esperanza; Spielvogel, Hilde] Univ Mayor San Andres, Fac Med, Inst Boliviano Biol Altura, La Paz, Bolivia	Vitzthum, VJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Student Bldg 130,701 Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.	Vitzthum@Indiana.edu		Worthman, Carol M/0000-0002-5397-2298; Beall, Cynthia/0000-0003-1462-8299	U.S. National Science Foundation [SBR 9221724, SBR 9506107]; U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health [MH57761]; University of California Regents	Contract grant sponsor: U.S. National Science Foundation; Contract grant numbers: SBR 9221724, SBR 9506107; Contract grant sponsor: U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health; Contract grant number: MH57761; Contract grant sponsor: University of California Regents.	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T., 2007, LINEAR MIXED MODELS; WINGFIELD JC, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P829, DOI 10.1086/285134; WORTHMAN CM, 1987, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V12, P449, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(87)90079-5; Worthman CM, 2002, ADOLESCENT SLEEP PAT, P69	63	17	17	1	4	WILEY-LISS	HOBOKEN	DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA	1042-0533			AM J HUM BIOL	Am. J. Hum. Biol.	NOV-DEC	2009	21	6					762	768		10.1002/ajhb.20927				7	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	517BZ	WOS:000271589100007	19367574	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Worthman, CM				Worthman, Carol M.			Habits of the Heart: Life History and the Developmental Neuroendocrinology of Emotion	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; EPIGENETIC REGULATION; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; STRESS REACTIVITY; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; GENE; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN; PERSONALITY	The centrality of emotion in cognition and social intelligence as well as its impact on health has intensified investigation into the causes and consequences of individual variation in emotion regulation. Central processing of experience directly informs regulation of endocrine axes, essentially forming a neuro-endocrine continuum integrating information intake, processing, and physiological and behavioral response. Two major elements of life history-resource allocation and niche partitioning-are served by linking cognitive-affective with physiological and behavioral processes. Scarce cognitive resources (attention, memory, and time) are allocated under guidance from affective co-processing. Affective-cognitive processing, in turn, regulates physiologic activity through neuro-endocrine outflow and thereby orchestrates energetic resource allocation and trade-offs, both acutely and through time. Reciprocally, peripheral activity (e.g., immunologic, metabolic, or energetic markers) influences affective-cognitive processing. By guiding attention, memory, and behavior, affective-cognitive processing also informs individual stances toward, patterns of activity in, and relationships with the world. As such, it mediates processes of niche partitioning that adaptively exploit social and material resources. Developmental behavioral neurobiology has identified multiple factors that influence the ontogeny of emotion regulation to form affective and behavioral styles. Evidence is reviewed documenting roles for genetic, epigenetic, and experiential factors in the development of emotion regulation, social cognition, and behavior with important implications for understanding mechanisms that underlie life history construction and the sources of differential health. Overall, this dynamic arena for research promises to link the biological bases of life history theory with the psychobehavioral phenomena that figure so centrally in quotidian experience and adaptation, particularly, for humans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:772-781,2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA	Worthman, CM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1557 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.	worthman@emory.edu		Worthman, Carol M/0000-0002-5397-2298	National Institute of Drug Addiction [DA011301]; National Institutes of Mental Health [MH57761, MH083964-01]	Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Drug Addiction; Contract grant number: DA011301; Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Mental Health; Contract grant number: MH57761; Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Mental Health; Contract grant number: MH083964-01.	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J. Hum. Biol.	NOV-DEC	2009	21	6					772	781		10.1002/ajhb.20966				10	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	517BZ	WOS:000271589100009	19621433	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Williams, JL				Williams, Jennifer L.			Flowering Life-History Strategies Differ between the Native and Introduced Ranges of a Monocarpic Perennial	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						demography; exotic plant; integral projection model; iteroparity; life-history evolution; semelparity	INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODEL; BELOW-GROUND HERBIVORE; CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; EVOLUTIONARY DEMOGRAPHY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT; CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; EXOTIC HABITATS; INVASIVE PLANTS; THRESHOLD SIZE	Life-history theory makes several key predictions about reproductive strategies on the basis of demographic vital rates, particularly the relationship between juvenile and adult survival. Two such predictions concern the optimal time to begin reproducing and whether semelparity or iteroparity is favored. I tested these life-history predictions and explored how they might differ between the native and introduced ranges of the monocarpic perennial Cynoglossum officinale. I first compared vital rates between ranges. I then used these vital rates to parameterize integral projection models to calculate the population growth rate (lambda) and net reproductive rate (R-0) as surrogates for fitness to compare strategies within and between ranges. I found that both survival and growth were higher in the introduced range, where size at flowering was larger and iteroparity was much more common than in the native range. The observed and predicted strategies for size at flowering were similar in the native range. In the introduced range, however, even though plants flowered at a larger size, the observed size was not as large as the optimum predicted by lambda or the higher optimum predicted by R-0. Iteroparity conferred higher fitness in both ranges, as measured by both fitness metrics, suggesting that severe constraints, potentially specialist herbivores, prevent this strategy from becoming more common in the native range.	[Williams, Jennifer L.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA; [Williams, Jennifer L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA	Williams, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.	jwilliams@nceas.ucsb.edu	Williams, Jennifer/H-1717-2011	Williams, Jennifer/0000-0002-4497-4961	National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship [EF-0553768]; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [DEB 05-08102]; Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research; University of Montana Graduate Council Award; Besancon and Bertha Morton Fellowships; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; University of California; Santa Barbara; State of California	I thank M. Bricker, C. Craig, and L. Williams for assistance with collecting demographic data on both continents. I also thank J. Maron, who helped with the development of this project, and H. Auge, who made fieldwork in Germany both possible and enjoyable. E. Crone and S. Ellner assisted with developing the population models, and D. Barton and T. Martin offered insightful discussions about lifehistory theory. Access to one field site in Montana was graciously provided by the Richardson family. R. Callaway, E. Crone, D. Emlen, M. Johnson, J. Maron, T. Martin, A. Sala, and R. Wesselingh provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Support for this study was provided by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement grant DEB 05-08102; a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research; a University of Montana Graduate Council Award and Besancon and Bertha Morton Fellowships; and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a center funded by the NSF (grant EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. The Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Halle kindly provided space and field equipment.	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Nat.	NOV	2009	174	5					660	672		10.1086/605999				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	509MM	WOS:000271021900008	19778167				2018-11-12	
J	Ward, RJS; Cotter, SC; Kilner, RM				Ward, Richard J. S.; Cotter, Sheena C.; Kilner, Rebecca M.			Current brood size and residual reproductive value predict offspring desertion in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						alternative reproductive tactics; biparental care; negotiation; reproductive skew; senescence; sexual conflict	PARENTAL CARE DECISIONS; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; SEXUAL CONFLICT; PATERNAL CARE; LIFE-SPAN; COSTS; INVESTMENT; BENEFITS; SKEW; COLEOPTERA	Life-history theory suggests that offspring desertion can be an adaptive reproductive strategy, in which parents forgo the costly care of an unprofitable current brood to save resources for future reproduction. In the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, parents commonly abandon their offspring to the care of others, resulting in female-only care, male-only care, brood parasitism, and the care of offspring sired by satellite males. Furthermore, when there is biparental care, males routinely desert the brood before larval development is complete, leaving females behind to tend their young. We attempted to understand these patterns of offspring desertion by using laboratory experiments to compare the fitness costs associated with parental care for each sex and the residual reproductive value of the 2 sexes. We also tested whether current brood size and residual reproductive value together predicted the incidence of brood desertion. We found that males and females each sustained fecundity costs as a consequence of caring for larvae and that these costs were of comparable magnitude. Nevertheless, males had greater residual reproductive value than females and were more likely than females to desert experimental broods. Our results can explain why males desert the brood earlier than females in nature and why female-only care is more common than male-only care. They also suggest that the tipping point from brood parasitism or satellite male behavior to communal breeding (and vice versa) depends on the value of the current brood relative to residual reproductive value.	[Ward, Richard J. S.; Cotter, Sheena C.; Kilner, Rebecca M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England	Kilner, RM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.	rmk1002@hermes.cam.ac.uk	Cotter, Sheena/C-2312-2009; Kilner, Rebecca/B-2867-2012	Cotter, Sheena/0000-0002-3801-8316; 	Natural Environment Research Council [NER/S/A/2004/12242]; Leverhulme Trust [PLP/2006/0033]; Royal Society; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK	Natural Environment Research Council (NER/S/A/2004/12242 to R.J.S.W.); The Leverhulme Trust (PLP/2006/0033 to R. M. K.); The Royal Society; and the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK.	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Ecol.	NOV-DEC	2009	20	6					1274	1281		10.1093/beheco/arp132				8	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	520BB	WOS:000271813600017		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Driscoll, C				Driscoll, Catherine			Grandmothers, hunters and human life history	BIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY			English	Article						Philosophy of biology; Life history theory; Grandmother hypothesis; Embodied capital theory; Group selection	DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; HOMO-ERECTUS; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS; CONFORMIST TRANSMISSION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WILD CHIMPANZEES; SEXUAL DIVISION; TIME ALLOCATION; HUNTING ABILITY; FOOD TRANSFERS	This paper critiques the competing "Grandmother Hypothesis'' and "Embodied Capital Theory'' as evolutionary explanations of the peculiarities of human life history traits. Instead, I argue that the correct explanation for human life history probably involves elements of both hypotheses: long male developmental periods and lives probably evolved due to group selection for male hunting via increased female fertility, and female long lives due to the differential contribution women's complex foraging skills made to their children and grandchildren's nutritional status within groups provisioned by male hunting.	N Carolina State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA	Driscoll, C (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Campus Box 8103, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.	catherine_driscoll@ncsu.edu					AIELLO LC, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P199, DOI 10.1086/204350; Alvard MS, 2002, CURR ANTHROPOL, V43, P533, DOI 10.1086/341653; Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; Backwell LR, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P1358, DOI 10.1073/pnas.021551598; Behrensmeyer AK, 1997, SCIENCE, V278, P1589, DOI 10.1126/science.278.5343.1589; BELLOMO RV, 1994, J HUM EVOL, V27, P173, DOI 10.1006/jhev.1994.1041; BLIEGEBIRD RL, 1997, CURR ANTHROPOL, V38, P49; BLUMENSCHINE RJ, 1987, CURR ANTHROPOL, V28, P383, DOI 10.1086/203544; Boyd R, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P3531, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0630443100; BRAIN CK, 1988, NATURE, V336, P464, DOI 10.1038/336464a0; CARO TM, 1995, INT J PRIMATOL, V16, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02735478; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov Eric L., 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V1, P191, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360010604; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Clegg M, 1999, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V110, P81, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199909)110:1<81::AID-AJPA7>3.3.CO;2-K; Dean C, 2001, NATURE, V414, P628, DOI 10.1038/414628a; DEMENOCAL PB, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P53, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5233.53; Dominguez-Rodrigo M, 2002, J WORLD PREHIST, V16, P1, DOI 10.1023/A:1014507129795; EMBER CR, 1978, ETHNOLOGY, V17, P439, DOI 10.2307/3773193; Foley R, 2003, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V12, P109, DOI 10.1002/evan.10108; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; Gage TB, 1998, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.27.1.197; Gomes CM, 2009, PLOS ONE, V4, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005116; Gurven M, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P835, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3380; Gurven M, 2000, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V21, P263, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00032-5; Gurven M, 2004, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V27, P543; Gurven M, 2000, HUM ECOL, V28, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1007067919982; Gurven M, 2006, J HUM EVOL, V51, P454, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.05.003; Gurven M, 2006, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V17, P1, DOI 10.1007/s12110-006-1019-6; HAWKES K, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P688, DOI 10.1086/204420; Hawkes K, 1997, CURR ANTHROPOL, V38, P551, DOI 10.1086/204646; Hawkes K, 2003, AM J HUM BIOL, V15, P380, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10156; HAWKES K, 1991, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V12, P29, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(91)90011-E; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hawkes K, 2001, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V22, P113, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00066-0; HAWKES K, 1989, COMP SOCIOECOLOGY BE, P341; HAWKES K, 2000, ADAPTATION HUMAN BEH, P237; Hawkes K., 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P118, DOI DOI 10.1007/S12110-010-9098-9; Henrich J, 1998, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V19, P215, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(98)00018-X; Henrich J, 2001, J THEOR BIOL, V208, P79, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2202; Henrich J, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, P1767, DOI 10.1126/science.1127333; Hill K, 2001, J HUM EVOL, V40, P437, DOI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0469; HILL K, 1988, HUMAN REPROD BEHAV 1; Howell N., 1979, DEMOGRAPHY DOBE KUNG; HURTADO AM, 1990, J ANTHROPOL RES, V46, P293, DOI 10.1086/jar.46.3.3630428; Hurtado AM, 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST; Jones NB, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P199, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1008-3; JONES NGB, 1992, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V89, P159, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330890204; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.3.CO;2-Z; KAPLAN H, 1985, CURR ANTHROPOL, V26, P131, DOI 10.1086/203235; KAPLAN H, 1994, POPUL DEV REV, V20, P753, DOI 10.2307/2137661; KAPLAN H, 1992, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; KAPLAN H, 2003, EMBODIED CAPITAL EVO; Kaplan HS, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P10221, DOI 10.1073/pnas.152502899; KAPLAN HS, 2003, BRAIN LONGEVITY; KENT S, 1993, MAN, V28, P479, DOI 10.2307/2804236; Lee R, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P7124, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0710234105; Marlowe FW, 2007, CROSS-CULT RES, V41, P170, DOI 10.1177/1069397106297529; Marlowe FW, 2000, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V11, P27, DOI 10.1007/s12110-000-1001-7; Marshall L., 1976, KUNG NYAE NYAE; MILLER G, 2008, MORAL PSYCHOL, V1, P209; Nishida T, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P947, DOI 10.1007/BF02735296; O'Connell JF, 2002, J HUM EVOL, V43, P831, DOI 10.1006/jhev.2002.0604; O'Connell JF, 1999, J HUM EVOL, V36, P461, DOI 10.1006/jhev.1998.0285; Peccei JS, 2001, AM J HUM BIOL, V13, P434, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.1076; PUSEY AE, 1990, BEHAVIOUR, V115, P203, DOI 10.1163/156853990X00581; Reed KE, 1997, J HUM EVOL, V32, P289, DOI 10.1006/jhev.1996.0106; RICHERSON PJ, 2000, EVOLUTION COGNITION; Roff Derek A., 1992; Schoeninger MJ, 2001, J FOOD COMPOS ANAL, V14, P15, DOI 10.1006/jfca.2000.0961; SMITH BH, 1994, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V94, P307, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330940303; Smith E. 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NOV	2009	24	5					665	686		10.1007/s10539-009-9166-x				22	History & Philosophy Of Science	History & Philosophy of Science	500WT	WOS:000270337400006					2018-11-12	
J	Potvin, DA; MacDougall-Shackleton, EA				Potvin, Dominique A.; MacDougall-Shackleton, Elizabeth A.			Parental investment amplifies effects of genetic complementarity on growth rates in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						compatible gene; complementary gene; cross-fostering experiment; differential allocation; growth; Melospiza melodia; parental investment; song sparrow	FEMALE MATE CHOICE; SEXUAL SELECTION; REPERTOIRE SIZE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; MALE QUALITY; INDICATOR; PREDICTS; FITNESS	Life history theory predicts that individuals paired with attractive mates may invest more in offspring. Such differential investment may amplify the effects of genetic quality on fitness. Attractiveness can include 'good gene' and 'complementary gene' components, but how the latter affects parental investment remains unknown. We found that nestling song sparrows with genetically dissimilar parents grew faster than did nestlings whose parents were genetically more similar to one another. A cross-fostering experiment revealed complementary gene effects on growth; nestlings produced by genetically dissimilar parents grew faster than their adoptive 'siblings' reared in the same nest but produced by parents that were more genetically similar. To explore whether parental investment exaggerates these complementary gene effects on growth, we monitored parental nest visits. Maternal visits were negatively related to genetic similarity between mates. The novel finding that females adjust levels of care according to the genetic diversity of their offspring suggests that parental investment can amplify complementary gene effects on fitness. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Potvin, Dominique A.; MacDougall-Shackleton, Elizabeth A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada	MacDougall-Shackleton, EA (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.	emacdoug@uwo.ca			Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Graduate Thesis Research Award; University of Western Ontario	We thank Scott MacDougall-Shackleton, Bryan Neff and Liana Zanette for valuable comments on experimental design, Lukas Keller for sharing unpublished primer sequences, Kathryn Stewart, Janet Lapierre, Steve Russell, Laura Morton, Yani Sarquis-Adamson and Erica Tennenhouse for field assistance, Peter Dunn and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on the manuscript and the Queen's University Biological Station for logistic support. Research was supported by grants to E. A. M.-S. from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Ontario Innovation Trust; and by a Graduate Thesis Research Award to D. A. P. from the University of Western Ontario.	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Behav.	OCT	2009	78	4					943	948		10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.023				6	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	496ZY	WOS:000270021800022					2018-11-12	
J	Stock, JT; Migliano, AB				Stock, J. T.; Migliano, A. B.			Stature, Mortality, and Life History among Indigenous Populations of the Andaman Islands, 1871-1986	CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article							NEGATIVE SECULAR TREND; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTION; PYGMIES; GROWTH; AGE; PROPORTIONS; ADAPTATION; MAMMALS; BIRTH	Despite considerable interest in the evolution of small body size, there is little evidence for changes in body size within small-bodied human populations. This study combines anthropometric data from a number of studies of the body size of Andaman Islanders from 1871 to 1986. The colonial history of the Andaman Islands is characterized by high rates of mortality among the indigenous populations. However, long-term conflicts between tribal groups of the Andaman Islands and British and Indian settlers led to some groups being relatively isolated and sheltered from infectious disease and the high rates of mortality that affected other groups. When temporal trends in stature are compared in this context, there is evidence for a reduction in stature among the Great Andamanese who had close contact with the British during the period of highest mortality. Adult stature among the Onge appears to have increased as government involvement diminished following Indian independence. The Jarawa, who had lower rates of mortality throughout the past century, have significantly higher stature than the other groups. These results are interpreted in the context of life-history theory, adaptation, and plasticity. They provide the first long-term diachronic evidence for a relationship between mortality and stature among small-bodied humans.	[Stock, J. T.; Migliano, A. 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Anthropol.	OCT	2009	50	5					713	725		10.1086/605429				13	Anthropology	Anthropology	493TC	WOS:000269759900027		Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Dunlop, ES; Heino, M; Dieckmann, U				Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko; Dieckmann, Ulf			Eco-genetic modeling of contemporary life-history evolution	ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS			English	Review						Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua; density-dependent growth; eco-evolutionary dynamics; evolution; fisheries-induced evolution; fishing-induced adaptive change; harvest; life-history theory; phenotypic plasticity; probabilistic maturation reaction norm; quantitative genetics; reproductive investment	COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; DEPENDENT INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; MATURATION REACTION NORMS; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS	We present eco-genetic modeling as a flexible tool for exploring the course and rates of multi-trait life-history evolution in natural populations. We build on existing modeling approaches by combining features that facilitate studying the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of realistically structured populations. In particular, the joint consideration of age and size structure enables the analysis of phenotypically plastic populations with more than a single growth trajectory, and ecological feedback is readily included in the form of density dependence and frequency dependence. Stochasticity and life-history trade-offs can also be implemented. Critically, eco-genetic models permit the incorporation of salient genetic detail such as a population's genetic variances and covariances and the corresponding heritabilities, as well as the probabilistic inheritance and phenotypic expression of quantitative traits. These inclusions are crucial for predicting rates of evolutionary change on both contemporary and longer timescales. An eco-genetic model can be tightly coupled with empirical data and therefore may have considerable practical relevance, in terms of generating testable predictions and evaluating alternative management measures. To illustrate the utility of these models, we present as an example an eco-genetic model used to study harvest-induced evolution of multiple traits in Atlantic cod. The predictions of our model (most notably that harvesting induces a genetic reduction in age and size at maturation, an increase or decrease in growth capacity depending on the minimum-length limit, and an increase in reproductive investment) are corroborated by patterns observed in wild populations. The predicted genetic changes occur together with plastic changes that could phenotypically mask the former. Importantly, our analysis predicts that evolutionary changes show little signs of reversal following a harvest moratorium. This illustrates how predictions offered by eco-genetic models can enable and guide evolutionarily sustainable resource management.	[Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko; Dieckmann, Ulf] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada	Dunlop, ES (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.	erin.dunlop@ontario.ca	Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011; Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009	Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940	Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE; Specific Targeted Research Project FinE; European Community's; Norwegian Research Council [173417/S40]; Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF)	The authors greatly appreciate helpful discussions with, and feedback provided by, A. Brannstrom, A. M. Eikeset, K. Enberg, C. Jorgensen, N. Lester, F. Mollet, K. Okamoto, H. Pardoe, B. Shuter, D. Urbach, and R. Whitlock. Comments offered by three anonymous reviewers helped us to improve the paper. Earlier contributions by A. Salthaug toward implementing eco-genetic modeling are gratefully acknowledged. Financial support was provided by the Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE (Fisheries-induced Adaptive Changes in Exploited Stocks) and by the Specific Targeted Research Project FinE (Fisheries-induced Evolution), both funded by the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme. Funding for M. Heino and E. Dunlop was also provided by the Norwegian Research Council (project 173417/S40) and the Bergen Research Foundation. U. Dieckmann has been supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF).	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Appl.	OCT	2009	19	7					1815	1834		10.1890/08-1404.1				20	Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	496BH	WOS:000269942500011	19831072				2018-11-12	
J	Brown, EA; Gay, L; Vasudev, R; Tregenza, T; Eady, PE; Hosken, DJ				Brown, E. A.; Gay, L.; Vasudev, R.; Tregenza, T.; Eady, P. E.; Hosken, D. J.			Negative phenotypic and genetic associations between copulation duration and longevity in male seed beetles	HEREDITY			English	Article						mating costs; Callosobruchus; heritability; genetic correlation	CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS COLEOPTERA; FLY SEPSIS-CYNIPSEA; YELLOW DUNG FLY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SPERM COMPETITION; LIFE-SPAN; PATERNAL INVESTMENT; FEMALE LONGEVITY; TRADE-OFF; ENERGETIC COSTS	Reproduction can be costly and is predicted to trade-off against other characters. However, while these trade-offs are well documented for females, there has been less focus on aspects of male reproduction. Furthermore, those studies that have looked at males typically only investigate phenotypic associations, with the underlying genetics often ignored. Here, we report on phenotypic and genetic tradeoffs in male reproductive effort in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. We find that the duration of a male's first copulation is negatively associated with subsequent male survival, phenotypically and genetically. Our results are consistent with life-history theory and suggest that like females, males trade-off reproductive effort against longevity. Heredity (2009) 103, 340-345; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.80; published online 29 July 2009	[Vasudev, R.; Eady, P. E.] Lincoln Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lincoln, England		d.j.hosken@exeter.ac.uk	Tregenza, Tom/B-1078-2014; Gay, Laurene/K-6644-2014	Tregenza, Tom/0000-0003-4182-2222; Vasudeva, Ramakrishnan/0000-0002-3831-0384	NERC; Leverhulme Trust; Royal Society; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D011183/1]	This project was funded by NERC and the Leverhulme Trust. T Tregenza is supported by the Royal Society. We thank John Hunt for discussion, and Takahisa Miyatake, Kensuke Okada and two anonymous referees who kindly commented on previous versions of this article.	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J	Jennings, S; Wilson, RW				Jennings, Simon; Wilson, Rod W.			Fishing impacts on the marine inorganic carbon cycle	JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY			English	Article						community; ecosystem approach; ecosystem services; fish carbonate; fisheries; management; population	INTESTINAL BICARBONATE SECRETION; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; TELEOST FISH; METABOLIC-RATE; FRESH-WATER; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; OSMOREGULATION; COMMUNITIES; PARAMETERS	1. Teleost fish excrete precipitated carbonate and make significant contributions to the marine inorganic carbon cycle at regional and global scales. As total carbonate production is linked to fish size and abundance, fishing is predicted to affect carbonate production by modifying fish abundance and size-structure. 2. We draw on concepts from physiology, metabolic ecology, life history theory, population dynamics and community ecology to develop, validate and apply analytical tools to assess fishing impacts on carbonate production. Outputs suggest that population and community carbonate production fall rapidly at lower rates of fishing than those used as management targets for sustainable yield. 3. Theoretical predictions are corroborated by estimated trends in carbonate production by a herring population and a coral reef fish community subject to fishing. Our analytical results build on widely applicable relationships between life history parameters and metabolic rates, and can be generalized to most fished ecosystems. 4. Synthesis and applications. If the maintenance of chemical processes as well as biological process were adopted as a management objective for fisheries then the methods we have developed can be applied to assess the effects of fishing on carbonate production and to advise on acceptable rates of fishing. Maintenance of this ecosystem service would require lower rates of fishing mortality than those recommended to achieve sustainable yield.	[Jennings, Simon] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England; [Jennings, Simon] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; [Wilson, Rod W.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Hatherly Labs, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England	Jennings, S (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.	simon.jennings@cefas.co.uk	Jennings, Simon/F-5085-2012	Jennings, Simon/0000-0002-2390-7225	UK DFID; NERC; EC; Defra; BBSRC; Royal Society	We thank Andrew Clarke for providing the compilation of teleost oxygen consumption data from Clarke & Johnston (1999) and John Pope for allowing us to modify the size-based model of Pope et al. (2006) for this analysis. S. J. thanks UK DFID (formerly ODA) and NERC for funding the collection of the. sh community data used in this analysis, and the EC and Defra for funding this research. R. W. thanks BBSRC and The Royal Society for funding fundamental studies on intestinal carbonate production inmarine fish.	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Appl. Ecol.	OCT	2009	46	5					976	982		10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01682.x				7	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	502AB	WOS:000270425100008		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	von Biela, VR; Gill, VA; Bodkin, JL; Burns, JM				von Biela, Vanessa R.; Gill, Verena A.; Bodkin, James L.; Burns, Jennifer M.			PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN AGE AT FIRST REPRODUCTION OF FEMALE NORTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS KENYONI)	JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY			English	Article						age at 1st reproduction; Alaska; demography; Enhydra lutris; life history; phenotypic plasticity; reproduction; sea otter	LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; ELEPHANT SEALS; SEXUAL MATURITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE MAMMALS; BODY CONDITION; CEMENTUM; GROWTH; PATTERNS; PRIMIPARITY	Life-history theory predicts that within a species, reproduction and survival rates will differ among populations that differ in resource availability or predation rates through phenotypic plasticity. When populations are near carrying capacity (K) or when they are declining due to reduced prey resources, the average age at 1st reproduction (average AFR) is predicted to be older than in populations below K. Differences between the trajectories of northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) populations in Alaska provides an opportunity to examine phenotypic plasticity. Using premolar teeth or reproductive tracts, we estimated average AFR from demographically distinct populations of sea otters in Alaska. We obtained samples from 2 populations near K, Prince William Sound (PWS) and the Aleutian Archipelago (archived samples), and from 2 populations below K, the Kodiak Archipelago and Sitka. The average AFR was lower in populations below K (3.60 years +/- 0.16 SD) compared to those near K (4.21 +/- 0.13 years, P < 0.001), and differed among all populations, with the Aleutian population possessing the oldest average AFR (4.29 +/- 0.09 years) followed by PWS (4.05 +/- 0.24 years), Sitka (3.80 +/- 0.21 years), and Kodiak (3.19 +/- 0.37 years). The difference in average AFR among populations supports life-history theory and provides evidence of phenotypic plasticity in sea otters. Our findings highlight the value of using average AFR as a tool for monitoring mammalian populations.	[von Biela, Vanessa R.; Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA; [Bodkin, James L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA	von Biela, VR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.	vvonbiela@usgs.gov	Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013	von Biela, Vanessa/0000-0002-7139-5981; Burns, Jennifer/0000-0001-9652-2943	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Pacific Marine Science Foundation; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium	We thank the many sample collectors from the Alaska Sea Otter and Steller Sea Lion Commission and the Alaska Marine Mammal Stranding Network. K. Schneider of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided reproductive data collected in Southwestern Alaska (1967-1971). J. W. Testa, D. H. Monson, D. Pfeiffer, and J. Prewitt provided support and useful comments that improved this manuscript. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Alaska Anchorage (IACUC 2006Burns8). Financial support was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation through the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government.	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Mammal.	OCT	2009	90	5					1224	1231		10.1644/08-MAMM-A-379.1				8	Zoology	Zoology	509GG	WOS:000271002400020		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Rushton, JP; Irwing, P				Rushton, J. Philippe; Irwing, Paul			A General Factor of Personality (GFP) from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Big One; Big Two; Big Five; General Factor of Personality; Personality structure; Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; Life-history theory	HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; FIT INDEXES; K-FACTOR; BIG 5; COVITALITY; SAMPLE; MODEL	The hypothesis that a General Factor of Personality (GFP) occupies the apex of the hierarchical structure of personality was examined in the validation sample of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. A maximum likelihood estimation model that went from the 11 primary traits to five higher-order traits resembling the Big Five, and from there to the Big Two (Plasticity, Stability), and from there to the Big One, provided a good fit to the data, explaining 25% of the variance in the two second-order factors. We consider the GFP from the perspective of evolutionary life-history theory. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Rushton, J. Philippe] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada; [Irwing, Paul] Univ Manchester, Manchester Business Sch, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England	Rushton, JP (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.	rushton@uwo.ca					BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; Costa PT, 1992, NEO PI R PROFESSIONA; DeYoung CG, 2002, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V33, P533, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00171-4; DeYoung CG, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V91, P1138, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138; Digman JM, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P1246, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1246; Embretson SE, 2000, ITEM RESPONSE THEORY; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Hofstee W. K. B., 2003, HDB PSYCHOL, V5, P231; Hofstee WKB, 2001, INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY: BRIDGING THE GAP IN THEORY AND MEASUREMENT, P43; Hu LT, 1999, STRUCT EQU MODELING, V6, P1, DOI 10.1080/10705519909540118; Hu LT, 1998, PSYCHOL METHODS, V3, P424, DOI 10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424; Joreskog K.G., 2001, LISREL 8 USERS REFER; Joreskog KG, 1993, TESTING STRUCTURAL E, V154, P294; Marsh HW, 2005, MULTIVAR APPL SER, P275; Mount MK, 2005, PERS PSYCHOL, V58, P447, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00468.x; Musek J, 2007, J RES PERS, V41, P1213, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.02.003; Rushton JP, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P679, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.015; Rushton JP, 2008, J RES PERS, V42, P1173, DOI 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.002; Rushton JP, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P437, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.015; RUSHTON JP, 1990, J PERS, V58, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00910.x; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; Schermelleh-Engel K., 2003, METHODS PSYCHOL RES, V8, P23, DOI DOI 10.1002/0470010940; Sijtsma K, 2009, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V74, P107, DOI 10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0; SMITH JM, 2005, TESTING PEOPLE WORK; Tellegen A, 1982, BRIEF MANUAL D UNPUB; Tellegen A., 2008, SAGE HDB PERSONALITY, VII, P261, DOI DOI 10.4135/9781849200479; Templer DI, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P440, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.010; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1; Yuan KH, 2005, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V40, P115, DOI 10.1207/s15327906mbr4001_5	30	44	46	0	6	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	OCT	2009	47	6					571	576		10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.011				6	Psychology, Social	Psychology	481WC	WOS:000268842100007					2018-11-12	
J	Scobell, SK; Fudickar, AM; Knapp, R				Scobell, Sunny K.; Fudickar, Adam M.; Knapp, Rosemary			Potential reproductive rate of a sex-role reversed pipefish over several bouts of mating	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						gulf pipefish; life-history theory; ovarian morphology; pipefish; potential reproductive rate; sex-role reversal; sexual selection; Syngnathidae; Syngnathus scovelli	MALE MATE CHOICE; SYNGNATHUS-SCOVELLI; MONOGAMOUS PIPEFISH; MALE PREGNANCY; LIFE-HISTORY; SEAHORSES; SELECTION; FEMALES; MALES; COMPETITION	The potential reproductive rate (PRR, the rate at which each sex could reproduce if given unlimited mates) has proven to be a useful tool in predicting the direction and strength of sexual selection. We conducted a 2-month study of the PRR in the polyandrous gulf pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli, a year-round breeder. In this sex-role reversed species, the female transfers eggs to a male's brood pouch during mating and thus renders him unavailable to mate for 2 weeks. We predicted females would have a higher PRR than males and that the rates in both sexes would change over successive breeding bouts in relationship to previous reproductive output. Females did have a higher overall PRR than males for the entire study period. However, PRR was not constant across individual breeding bouts. For each sex, the PRRs from the first and third bouts of mating were significantly higher than the PRR of second mating bout. Our results are consistent with individuals making trade-offs between current and future reproductive investment. We also discuss how ovarian morphology may contribute to elevated female PRR in this species. To our knowledge, this is the first study of PRR in a North American pipefish. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd.	[Scobell, Sunny K.; Fudickar, Adam M.; Knapp, Rosemary] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA	Scobell, SK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.	sscobell@bio.tamu.edu		Knapp, Rosemary/0000-0001-6923-8410	University of Oklahoma's Graduate Student Senate; Department of Zoology's Adams Memorial Scholarship, Sigma Xi; PADI Foundation; University of Oklahoma Research Council	We thank P. L. Schwagmeyer and Edith Marsh-Matthews for their help with the analysis and comments on the manuscript. We also thank Ingo Schlupp, Celeste Wirsig and Debra Bemben for help with many aspects of this research, and Adam Jones, Anders Berglund and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Navin Chowhudry, Joe Kelly, Claire Lukeman, Amber Mielke and Lori Deunk Garman provided much assistance with animal husbandry. We also thank Leila Wright for assistance in the field. We are especially grateful to John Stanley and Dave Jenkins at the Mote Marine Laboratory for assistance with animal collection and aquaculture techniques. Funding to S. K. S. from the University of Oklahoma's Graduate Student Senate, the Department of Zoology's Adams Memorial Scholarship, Sigma Xi and the PADI Foundation supported this study. This study also benefited from the funds awarded to R. K. from the University of Oklahoma Research Council.	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J	Abrams, M				Abrams, Marshall			Fitness "kinematics": biological function, altruism, and organism-environment development	BIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY			English	Article						Altruism; Development systems theory; Fitness; Function; Life history theory; Probability	EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; PLUMAGE COLORATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; MATE CHOICE; CHARACTER; PIGMENTS	It's recently been argued that biological fitness can't change over the course of an organism's life as a result of organisms' behaviors. However, some characterizations of biological function and biological altruism tacitly or explicitly assume that an effect of a trait can change an organism's fitness. In the first part of the paper, I explain that the core idea of changing fitness can be understood in terms of conditional probabilities defined over sequences of events in an organism's life. The result is a notion of "conditional fitness" which is static but which captures intuitions about apparent behavioral effects on fitness. The second part of the paper investigates the possibility of providing a systematic foundation for conditional fitness in terms of spaces of sequences of states of an organism and its environment. I argue that the resulting "organism-environment history conception" helps unify diverse biological perspectives, and may provide part of a metaphysics of natural selection.	Univ Alabama, Dept Philosophy, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA	Abrams, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Philosophy, 900 13th S St,HB 414A, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.	mabrams@uab.edu					Abrams M, 2005, BIOL PHILOS, V20, P97, DOI 10.1007/s10539-005-0359-7; Abrams M., 2009, PHILOS SCI, V76; Abrams M, 2007, BIOL PHILOS, V22, P115, DOI 10.1007/s10539-005-9010-x; Abrams M, 2006, STUD HIST PHI PART C, V37, P256, DOI 10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.03.004; Abrams M, 2009, SYNTHESE, V166, P21, DOI 10.1007/s11229-007-9255-9; Ariew A, 2004, BRIT J PHILOS SCI, V55, P347, DOI 10.1093/bjps/55.2.347; Beatty J, 1989, WHAT PHILOS BIOL IS, P17; BRANDON RN, 1978, STUD HIST PHILOS SCI, V9, P181, DOI 10.1016/0039-3681(78)90005-5; Brandon RN, 1996, PHILOS SCI, V63, P315, DOI 10.1086/289915; BRANDON RN, 1990, ADAPTATION ENV; COOPER WS, 1984, J THEOR BIOL, V107, P603, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(84)80135-6; COOPER WS, 2001, EVOLUTION REASON; *CORN LAB ORN, 2003, ALL BIRDS AM GOLDF; Ewens W. J., 2004, MATH POPULATION GENE; GILLESPIE JH, 1977, AM NAT, V111, P1010, DOI 10.1086/283230; GODFREYSMITH P, 1994, NOUS, V28, P344, DOI 10.2307/2216063; Graves L, 1999, PHILOS SCI, V66, P140, DOI 10.1086/392680; Griffiths P. E., 2001, CYCLES CONTINGENCY D; HAMILTON WD, 1964, J THEOR BIOL, V7, P1, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4; Hill GE, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V67, P27, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.02.002; HUTCHINSON GE, 1957, COLD SPRING HARB SYM, V22, P415, DOI 10.1101/SQB.1957.022.01.039; Krimbas CB, 2004, BIOL PHILOS, V19, P185, DOI 10.1023/B:BIPH.0000024402.80835.a7; LALAND KN, 2001, CYCLES CONTINGENCY D, P117; Lewis David, 1973, COUNTERFACTUALS; MICHOD RE, 1982, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V13, P23, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.000323; Millikan R., 2002, FUNCTIONS NEW ESSAYS, P113; MILLS SK, 1979, PHILOS SCI, V46, P263, DOI 10.1086/288865; Morales J, 2009, BEHAV ECOL, V20, P117, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arn122; Navara KJ, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P909, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arg085; NEANDER K, 1991, PHILOS SCI, V58, P168, DOI 10.1086/289610; Olson VA, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P510, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01484-0; Ramsey G, 2006, STUD HIST PHI PART C, V37, P484, DOI 10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.06.009; Rosenberg A., 2008, STANFORD ENCY PHILOS; Schwartz P., 2002, FUNCTIONS NEW ESSAYS, P244; SCRIVEN M, 1959, SCIENCE, V130, P477, DOI 10.1126/science.130.3374.477; Sober E, 2001, THINKING ABOUT EVOLUTION, VOL 2, P309; Sober E., 1998, UNTO OTHERS; Sober Elliott, 1984, NATURE SELECTION; Stearns S.C., 1989, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Sterelny K, 1996, PHILOS SCI, V63, P562, DOI 10.1086/289977; Waddington C.H, 1957, STRATEGY GENES; Walsh DM, 2007, PHILOS SCI, V74, P281, DOI 10.1086/520777; WIMSAT WC, 2007, REENGINEERING PHILOS; Wimsatt W., 2002, FUNCTIONS NEW ESSAYS, P173; Wimsatt W, 1972, STUD HIST PHILOS M P, V3, P1, DOI 10.1016/0039-3681(72)90014-3; ZUK M, 1990, AM ZOOL, V30, P235	46	8	9	0	4	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0169-3867			BIOL PHILOS	Biol. Philos.	SEP	2009	24	4					487	504		10.1007/s10539-009-9153-2				18	History & Philosophy Of Science	History & Philosophy of Science	482EW	WOS:000268868200005					2018-11-12	
J	Nespolo, RF; Halkett, F; Figueroa, CC; Plantegenest, M; Simon, JC				Nespolo, Roberto F.; Halkett, Fabien; Figueroa, Christian C.; Plantegenest, Manuel; Simon, Jean-Christophe			EVOLUTION OF TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL PHASES AND THE ROLE OF REPRODUCTIVE PLASTICITY IN THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF APHID LIFE HISTORIES	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Adaptive landscape; aphids; cyclic parthenogenesis; G-matrix; life histories	RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI HOMOPTERA; CHERRY-OAT APHID; G-MATRIX; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; ALLIUM-VINEALE; GRYLLUS-FIRMUS; MATING SITES; LINEAGES; TRAITS; MAINTENANCE	Life-history theory postulates that evolution is constrained by trade-offs (i.e., negative genetic correlations) among traits that contribute to fitness. However, in organisms with complex life cycles, trade-offs may drastically differ between phases, putatively leading to different evolutionary trajectories. Here, we tested this possibility by examining changes in life-history traits in an aphid species that alternates asexual and sexual reproduction in its life cycle. The quantitative genetics of reproductive and dispersal traits was studied in 23 lineages (genotypes) of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, during both the sexual and asexual phases, which were induced experimentally under specific environmental conditions. We found large and significant heritabilities (broad-sense) for all traits and several negative genetic correlations between traits (trade-offs), which are related to reproduction (i.e., numbers of the various sexual or asexual morphs) or dispersal (i.e., numbers of winged or wingless morphs). These results suggest that R. padi exhibits lineage specialization both in reproductive and dispersal strategies. In addition, we found important differences in the structure of genetic variance-covariance matrices (G) between phases. These differences were due to two large, negative genetic correlations detected during the asexual phase only: (1) between fecundity and age at maturity and (2) between the production of wingless and winged parthenogenetic females. We propose that this differential expression in genetic architecture results from a reallocation scheme during the asexual phase, when sexual morphs are not produced. We also found significant G x E interaction and nonsignificant genetic correlations across phases, indicating that genotypes could respond independently to selection in each phase. Our results reveal a rather unique situation in which the same population and even the same genotypes express different genetic (co)variation under different environmental conditions, driven by optimal resource allocation criteria.	[Nespolo, Roberto F.; Figueroa, Christian C.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Valdivia, Chile; [Halkett, Fabien] INRA, UMR Interact Arbre Microorganismes 1136, F-54280 Seichamps, France; [Plantegenest, Manuel] Agrocampus Ouest, UMR Biol Organismes & Populat Appl Protect Plante, F-35653 Le Rheu, France; [Simon, Jean-Christophe] INRA, UMR Biol Organismes & Populat Appl Protect Plante, F-35653 Le Rheu, France	Nespolo, RF (reprint author), Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ecol & Evoluc, Valdivia, Chile.	robertonespolo@uach.cl	martel, celine/M-9779-2014; Figueroa, Christian/A-1170-2008; Simon, Jean-Christophe/I-2700-2014; Nespolo, Roberto/D-5601-2015	martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558; Figueroa, Christian/0000-0001-9218-5564; Nespolo, Roberto/0000-0001-9337-0606; Nespolo, Roberto/0000-0003-0825-9618	ECOS-CONICYT; Proyecto CONICYT-World Bank-PBCT Anillos [ACT-38]	This work was funded by ECOS-CONICYT grant to JCS and CCF. RFN and CCF thank Proyecto CONICYT-World Bank-PBCT Anillos ACT-38. We thank Leonardo Bacigalupe for assessment with the Jacknife-MANOVA method.	Arnold SJ, 2008, EVOLUTION, V62, P2451, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00472.x; ASKERS S, 1992, APOMIXIS PLANTS; BOLDMAN K. 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J	Jones, JH				Jones, James Holland			The force of selection on the human life cycle	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Demography; Life history theory; Natural selection; Human evolution	REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HISTORY EVOLUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; POPULATION; LONGEVITY; ENVIRONMENTS; INTELLIGENCE; TRANSFERS; HADZA	In this article, I present evidence for a robust and quite general force of selection on the human life cycle. The force of selection acts in remarkably invariant ways on human life histories, despite a great abundance of demographic diversity. Human life histories are highly structured, with mortality and fertility changing substantially through the life cycle. This structure necessitates the use of structured population models to understand human life history evolution. Using such structured models, I find that the vital rates to which fitness is most sensitive are prereproductive survival probabilities, particularly the survival of children ages 0 to 4 years. The fact that the preponderance of selection falls on transitions related to recruitment combined with the late age at first reproduction characteristic of the human life cycle creates a fitness bottleneck out of recruitment. Because of this, antagonistic pleiotropy with any trait that detracts from the constituent transitions to recruitment is expected. I explore the predictors of variation in the force of selection on early survival. High fertility increases the selective premium placed on early survivorship, whereas high life expectancy at birth decreases it. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Jones, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	jhj1@stanford.edu		Jones, James/0000-0003-1680-6757	NICHD NIH HHS [K01 HD051494-04, K01 HD051494-03, K01 HD051494]		Baudisch A, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P8263, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0502155102; Benton TG, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P115, DOI 10.1086/285843; Caldwell J. C., 1982, THEORY FERTILITY DEC; Cant MA, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P5332, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0711911105; CASWELL H, 1978, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V14, P215, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(78)90025-4; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CHAGNON NA, 1988, SCIENCE, V239, P985, DOI 10.1126/science.239.4843.985; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 1997, NATURE, V387, P393, DOI 10.1038/387393a0; CHARNOV EL, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P791, DOI 10.1086/282877; Coale A.J., 1986, DECLINE FERTILITY EU; Coale A. 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Hum. Behav.	SEP	2009	30	5					305	314		10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.01.005				10	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences	486GZ	WOS:000269185600001	22003281	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Krist, M				Krist, Milos			Short- and long-term effects of egg size and feeding frequency on offspring quality in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						altricial chick; parental effort; parental investment; propagule; provisioning behaviour	PARENTAL QUALITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; PIED FLYCATCHER; BROOD-SIZE; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; NESTLING GROWTH; PARUS-MAJOR; CLUTCH SIZE; GREAT TITS	P>Despite the central importance for life-history theory, egg-size effects on offspring fitness are still considered ambiguous. Most previous studies were only observational and consequently might suffer from uncontrolled correlations between egg size and parental/territory quality. Even after cross-fostering is performed, direct genetic effects and parental adjustment of post-natal care might confound our estimates of egg-size effects per se. I performed a full cross-fostering experiment in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) exchanging the whole clutches between pairs of nests. I statistically controlled for direct genetic effects and parental feeding frequencies. I followed young until recruitment to estimate the long-term effects of egg size and parental provisioning. In addition, I compared the effects obtained in the cross-fostering experiment with those obtained from a set of unmanipulated nests. Egg size per se affected offspring morphology in both the short and long term, while having no effect on offspring survival and immunity. Egg-size effects were not confounded by parental post-natal care and direct genetic effects. The number of care-givers was an influential predictor of nestling performance. Apart from the variation caused by this factor, feeding frequencies had no consistent effect on offspring performance. Fitness benefits of large eggs may be difficult to establish due to variation of egg-size effects between years and habitats. Feeding frequency may affect offspring state but offspring state may also affect feeding frequency. Varying causality between feeding rate and offspring state may preclude the detection of a positive effect of the former on the latter.	[Krist, Milos] Museum Nat Hist, Olomouc 77173, Czech Republic; [Krist, Milos] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic; [Krist, Milos] Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Ornithol Lab, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic	Krist, M (reprint author), Museum Nat Hist, Nam Republiky 5, Olomouc 77173, Czech Republic.	milos.krist@volny.cz			Czech Ministry of Education [MSM 6198959212]; Agency of the Czech Republic [206/07/P485]	I am grateful to Peter Adamik, Tomas Grim, Milica Pozgayova, Vladimir Remes, Andrew Russell, Ben Sheldon, Emil Tkadlec, Karel Weidinger, and anonymous referees for valuable comments or discussion on the manuscript. I owe Jan Stritesky and forest enterprise Prostejov for providing the nest-boxes. Tomas Koutny analysed video-recordings. I thank Dana Campbell for correcting English of the paper. Kacenka supported me everyday. This study was supported by grants from the Czech Ministry of Education (MSM 6198959212) and from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic ( No. 206/07/P485). This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Palacky University and complied with the current law of the Czech Republic.	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Anim. Ecol.	SEP	2009	78	5					907	918		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01536.x				12	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	477PT	WOS:000268531700003	19298615	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Angelier, F; Moe, B; Blanc, S; Chastel, O				Angelier, Frederic; Moe, Borge; Blanc, Samuel; Chastel, Olivier			What Factors Drive Prolactin and Corticosterone Responses to Stress in a Long-Lived Bird Species (Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea)?	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; BASE-LINE CORTICOSTERONE; SEX-SPECIFIC PATTERNS; BREEDING SONG BIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BODY CONDITION; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; CLUTCH SIZE	Life-history theory predicts that individuals should adapt their parental investment to the costs and benefits of the current reproductive effort. This could be achieved by modulating the hormonal stress response, which may shift energy investment away from reproduction and redirect it toward survival. In birds, this stress response consists of a release of corticosterone that may be accompanied by a decrease in circulating prolactin, a hormone involved in the regulation of parental care. We lack data on the modulation of the prolactin stress response. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals should modulate their prolactin stress response according to the fitness value of the current reproductive effort relative to the fitness value of future reproduction. Specifically, we examined the influence of breeding status (failed breeders vs. incubating birds) and body condition on prolactin and corticosterone stress responses in a long-lived species, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea. When facing stressors, incubating birds had higher prolactin levels than failed breeders. However, we found no effect of body condition on the prolactin stress response. The corticosterone stress response was modulated according to body condition but was not affected by breeding status. We also performed an experiment using injections of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and found that the modulation of the corticosterone stress response was probably associated with a reduction in ACTH release by the pituitary and a decrease in adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. In addition, we examined whether prolactin and corticosterone secretion were functionally linked. We found that these two hormonal stress responses were not correlated. Moreover, injection of ACTH did not affect prolactin levels, demonstrating that short-term variations in prolactin levels are not governed directly or indirectly by ACTH release. Thus, we suggest that the corticosterone and prolactin responses to short-term stressors are independent and may therefore mediate some specific components of parental investment in breeding birds. With mounting evidence, we suggest that examining both corticosterone and prolactin stress responses could be relevant to parental investment in vertebrates.	[Angelier, Frederic] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA; [Angelier, Frederic; Blanc, Samuel; Chastel, Olivier] CNRS, Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, Deux Serves, France; [Moe, Borge] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Moe, Borge] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Div Arctic Ecol, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway	Angelier, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk,3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA.	angelierf@si.edu	Moe, Borge/P-2946-2015	Moe, Borge/0000-0002-2306-1899	Institut Paul Emile Victor; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Region Poitou-Charentes	This study was supported financially by the Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV Programme 109). F. A. was supported by a grant from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Region Poitou-Charentes. We are grateful to Dr. A. F. Parlow for kindly providing us with a chicken kit (bAFP 4444BQ) for prolactin assays. We are indebted to G. Bouteloup and S. Jenouvrier for their assistance in the field and to R. L. Holberton for advice on methodology. We thank B. Ballentine, who gave helpful comments and improved the English of the original version of this manuscript. At the Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize, we thank S. Dano, A. Lacroix, and C. Trouve for their excellent technical assistance in corticosterone and prolactin assays.	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Biochem. Zool.	SEP-OCT	2009	82	5					590	602		10.1086/603634				13	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	493MS	WOS:000269741700018	19642948				2018-11-12	
J	Olofsson, H; Ripa, J; Jonzen, N				Olofsson, Helen; Ripa, Jorgen; Jonzen, Niclas			Bet-hedging as an evolutionary game: the trade-off between egg size and number	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						bet-hedging; adaptive coin flipping; life-history theory; clutch size; environmental stochasticity	PROPAGULE SIZE; OFFSPRING SIZE; ENVIRONMENT; SELECTION; VARIABILITY; ECOLOGY; TREE	Bet-hedging theory addresses how individuals should optimize fitness in varying and unpredictable environments by sacrificing mean fitness to decrease variation in fitness. So far, three main bet-hedging strategies have been described: conservative bet-hedging (play it safe), diversified bet-hedging (don't put all eggs in one basket) and adaptive coin flipping (choose a strategy at random from a fixed distribution). Within this context, we analyse the trade-off between many small eggs (or seeds) and few large, given an unpredictable environment. Our model is an extension of previous models and allows for any combination of the bet-hedging strategies mentioned above. In our individual-based model (accounting for both ecological and evolutionary forces), the optimal bet-hedging strategy is a combination of conservative and diversified bet-hedging and adaptive coin flipping, which means a variation in egg size both within clutches and between years. Hence, we show how phenotypic variation within a population, often assumed to be due to non-adaptive variation, instead can be the result of females having this mixed strategy. Our results provide a new perspective on bet-hedging and stress the importance of extreme events in life history evolution.	[Olofsson, Helen; Ripa, Jorgen; Jonzen, Niclas] Lund Univ, Dept Ecol, Sect Theoret Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden	Ripa, J (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Ecol, Sect Theoret Ecol, Ecol Bldg, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.	jorgen.ripa@teorekol.lu.se			Swedish Research Council	We thank Per Lundberg, Maria Servedio, Amanda Chunco, Sumit Dhole, Sarah Diamond, Alicia Frame, Jonathan Rowell and an anonymous reviewer, whose comments significantly improved the manuscript. N. J. and J. R. were financially supported by the Swedish Research Council.	BROWN JS, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P31, DOI 10.1086/284465; CHARLESWORTH B, 1971, ECOLOGY, V52, P469, DOI 10.2307/1937629; COHEN D, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P119, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90188-3; COOPER WS, 1982, J THEOR BIOL, V94, P135, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90336-8; CRUMP ML, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P724, DOI 10.1086/283755; Einum S, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P443; Einum S, 2000, NATURE, V405, P565, DOI 10.1038/35014600; Einum S, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P232, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00020.x; FORBES LS, 1991, J THEOR BIOL, V150, P299, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80429-1; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; Geritz SAH, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P35, DOI 10.1023/A:1006554906681; Hopper KR, 1999, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V44, P535, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.535; Ivarsson H, 2005, EVOL ECOL RES, V7, P1125; JANZEN DH, 1977, AM J BOT, V64, P347, DOI 10.2307/2441978; KAPLAN RH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P393, DOI 10.1086/284211; Koops MA, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P29; Kudo SI, 2006, CAN J ZOOL, V84, P1540, DOI 10.1139/Z06-163; MCGINLEY MA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P370, DOI 10.1086/284716; MCLAIN D K, 1991, Psyche (Cambridge), V98, P135, DOI 10.1155/1991/10123; PHILIPPI T, 1989, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V4, P41, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90138-9; Poulin R, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P564, DOI 10.1139/cjz-78-4-564; Roff Derek A., 1992; Seger J., 1987, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V4, P182; SLATKIN M, 1974, NATURE, V250, P704, DOI 10.1038/250704b0; TURELLI M, 1980, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V77, P7501, DOI 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7501	25	91	94	4	85	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	AUG 22	2009	276	1669					2963	2969		10.1098/rspb.2009.0500				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	469FO	WOS:000267881500013	19474039	Green Published, Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Arrow, KJ; Levin, SA				Arrow, Kenneth J.; Levin, Simon A.			Intergenerational resource transfers with random offspring numbers	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						allocation; intergenerational transfers; life history theory; uncertainty		A problem common to biology and economics is the transfer of resources from parents to children. We consider the issue under the assumption that the number of offspring is unknown and can be represented as a random variable. There are 3 basic assumptions. The first assumption is that a given body of resources can be divided into consumption (yielding satisfaction) and transfer to children. The second assumption is that the parents' welfare includes a concern for the welfare of their children; this is recursive in the sense that the children's welfares include concern for their children and so forth. However, the welfare of a child from a given consumption is counted somewhat differently (generally less) than that of the parent (the welfare of a child is "discounted''). The third assumption is that resources transferred may grow (or decline). In economic language, investment, including that in education or nutrition, is productive. Under suitable restrictions, precise formulas for the resulting allocation of resources are found, demonstrating that, depending on the shape of the utility curve, uncertainty regarding the number of offspring may or may not favor increased consumption. The results imply that wealth (stock of resources) will ultimately have a log-normal distribution.	[Levin, Simon A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Arrow, Kenneth J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Levin, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.	slevin@princeton.edu			William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; Cornell University, New York State; National Science Foundation	We thank Marc Mangel and Rajiv Sethi for very helpful comments on the earlier versions of this article, Richard Durrett for illuminating conversations, and Linda Woodard for computational efforts in producing Fig. 1. This work was supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (K.J.A.). This research was conducted using the resources of the Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing, which receives funding from Cornell University, New York State, the National Science Foundation, and other public agencies, foundations, and corporations. K.J.A. and S.A.L. are Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Fellows, and S.A.L. is a University Fellow of Resources for the Future.	ARROW KJ, 1980, PUBLIC INVESTMENT RA; BECKER GS, 1976, J ECON LIT, V14, P817; BECKER GS, 1988, Q J ECON, V103, P1, DOI 10.2307/1882640; Bellmann R, 1957, DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING, p[11, 64, 70]; CHARNOV EL, 1976, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V9, P129, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(76)90040-X; Chu CYC, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V69, P193, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2005.11.004; CLARK CW, 2000, DYNAMIC STATE VARIAB; COHEN D, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P801, DOI 10.1086/283103; Dasgupta P, 2005, AM ECON REV, V95, P1290, DOI 10.1257/0002828054825637; DUFFIE JD, 2001, DYNAMIC ASSET PRICIN, P62; Einum S, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P628, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00064.x; Gibrat R., 1931, INEGALITES EC; HOUSTON A, 1988, NATURE, V332, P29, DOI 10.1038/332029a0; LACK D, 1947, IBIS, V89, P302, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1947.tb04155.x; Livnat A, 2005, AM NAT, V165, P311, DOI 10.1086/428294; Mangel M., 1988, DYNAMIC MODELING BEH; MEADE JE, 1955, TRADE WELFARE, P1301; Schoener T. W., 1971, A Rev Ecol Syst, V2, P369, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.002101; Smith J. Maynard, 1982, EVOLUTION THEORY GAM; Stephens D. W, 1987, FORAGING THEORY	20	7	7	0	10	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	AUG 18	2009	106	33					13702	13706		10.1073/pnas.0905613106				5	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	484WE	WOS:000269078700016	19617553	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Vance, JT; Williams, JB; Elekonich, MM; Roberts, SP				Vance, Jason T.; Williams, Jason B.; Elekonich, Michelle M.; Roberts, Stephen P.			The effects of age and behavioral development on honey bee (Apis mellifera) flight performance	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						flight; development; senescence; Apis mellifera	ADULT DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; LIFE-SPAN; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; TROPONIN-T; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; WING WEAR; STRESS; KINEMATICS; AERODYNAMICS	A critical but seldom-studied component of life history theory is how behavior and age affect whole-organism performance. To address this issue we compared the flight performance of honey bees (whose behavioral development and age can be assessed independently via simple manipulations of colony demographics) between distinct behavioral castes (in-hive nurse bees vs out-of-hive foragers) and across lifespan. Variable-density gases and high-speed video were used to determine the maximum hovering flight capacity and wing kinematics of age-matched nurse bees and foragers sampled from a single-cohort colony over a period of 34 days. The transition from hive work to foraging was accompanied by a 42% decrease in body mass and a proportional increase in flight capacity (defined as the minimum gas density allowing hovering flight). The lower flight capacity of hive bees was primarily due to the fact that in air they were functioning at a near-maximal wing angular velocity due to their high body masses. Foragers were lighter and when hovering in air required a much lower wing angular velocity, which they were able to increase by 32% during maximal flight performance. Flight performance of hive bees was independent of age, but in foragers the maximal wingbeat frequency and maximal average angular velocity were lowest in precocious (7-14 day old) foragers, highest in normal-aged (15-28 day old) foragers and intermediate in foragers older than 29 days. This pattern coincides with previously described age-dependent biochemical and metabolic properties of honey bee flight muscle.	[Vance, Jason T.; Williams, Jason B.; Elekonich, Michelle M.; Roberts, Stephen P.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA	Roberts, SP (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.	stephen.roberts@cmich.edu			Nevada NASA Space Grant Fellowship; National Institutes of Health [1F32AR055033-01]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0725030]	Funding was provided by Nevada NASA Space Grant Fellowship to J. T. V, National Institutes of Health Grant 1F32AR055033-01 to J. B. W. and National Science Foundation IOS-0725030 to M. M. E. and S. P. R. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months.	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Exp. Biol.	AUG 15	2009	212	16					2604	2611		10.1242/jeb.028100				8	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	477ZA	WOS:000268556300016	19648405	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Sanz-Aguilar, A; Massa, B; Lo Valvo, F; Oro, D; Minguez, E; Tavecchia, G				Sanz-Aguilar, Ana; Massa, Bruno; Lo Valvo, Fabio; Oro, Daniel; Minguez, Eduardo; Tavecchia, Giacomo			Contrasting age-specific recruitment and survival at different spatial scales: a case study with the European storm petrel	ECOGRAPHY			English	Article							POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LOCAL-POPULATION; LIFE-HISTORIES; REPRODUCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; BIRDS; COST; PROBABILITIES; HYPOTHESES; PREDATION	Evolutionary studies on optimal decisions or conservation guidelines are often derived by generalising patterns from a single population, while inter-population variability in life-history traits is seldom considered. We investigated here how survival and recruitment probabilities changed with age at different geographical scales using the encounter histories of 5523 European storm petrels from three Mediterranean colonies, and also how our estimates of these parameters might be expected to affect population growth rates using population matrix models. We recorded similar patterns among colonies, but also important biological differences. Local survival, recruitment and breeding success increased with age at all colonies; the most distant of three colonies (Marettimo Is.) showed the largest differences. Strikingly, differences in recruitment were also found between two adjacent colonies (two caves from Benidorm Is.). Birds marked as adults from Marettimo and Benidorm colonies had a different survival, whereas we found no differences within Benidorm. Differences in survival were no longer apparent between the two islands at the end of the study following a reduction in predation by specialist gulls at Benidorm. Since birds marked as fledglings mostly recruited near the end of the study, their overall survival was high and in turn similar among colonies. Results from our population matrix models suggested that different age-dependent patterns of demographic parameters can lead to similar population growth rates. Variability appeared to be greater for recruitment and the most sensitive parameter was adult survival. Thus conservation actions targeting this vulnerable species should focus on factors influencing adult survival. Differences in survival and recruitment among colonies could reflect the spatial heterogeneity in mortality due to predation and colony-specific density dependent processes. Results highlight the importance of taking into account the potential spatio-temporal heterogeneity among populations in vital rates, even in those traits that life-history theory considers less important in driving population dynamics.	[Sanz-Aguilar, Ana; Oro, Daniel; Tavecchia, Giacomo] UIB, CSIC, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats IMEDEA, ES-07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain; [Massa, Bruno; Lo Valvo, Fabio] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento SENFIMIZO, IT-90128 Palermo, Italy	Sanz-Aguilar, A (reprint author), UIB, CSIC, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats IMEDEA, Miquel Marques 21, ES-07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain.	ana.sanz@uib.es	Oro, Daniel/H-4208-2012; Tavecchia, Giacomo/N-3961-2014; Sanz-Aguilar, Ana/D-3778-2014	Oro, Daniel/0000-0003-4782-3007; Tavecchia, Giacomo/0000-0001-5435-2691; Sanz-Aguilar, Ana/0000-0002-4177-9749	Spanish Ministry of Science [AP2004-1128, BOS2003-01960, CGL2006-04325/BOS]	We would like to formally acknowledge the many people who participated in the field work over the years. We are indebted to the ward and Environmental Monitoring Service of Benidorm Island (Serra Gelada Natural Park - Generalitat Valenciana) and Leonardo Parisi (Marettimo). Santiago Garcia and Maria Marin sexed the birds. Alejandro Martinez-Abrain helped with Bayesian analysis. Roger Pradel, Howard Townsend and three anonymous referees made very constructive comments on this manuscript. A.S. was supported by a postgraduate grant (Ref. AP2004-1128) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, which also funded the study through several grants (refs. BOS2003-01960, CGL2006-04325/BOS).	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J	Johnson, JB; Zuniga-Vega, JJ				Johnson, Jerald B.; Jaime Zuniga-Vega, J.			Differential mortality drives life-history evolution and population dynamics in the fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora	ECOLOGY			English	Article						age-specific mortality hypothesis; Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora; Costa Rica; elasticity analysis; live-bearer; Poeciliidae; population growth rate; population matrix modeling; predation	GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; PREDATION; AGE; SELECTION; SIZE; ELASTICITIES; GROWTH; PREY; MATURITY; SURVIVAL	Life-history theory predicts that populations experiencing different levels of extrinsic mortality will evolve divergent reproductive strategies. Previous work in the live-bearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora shows that individuals from populations that occur with piscivorous fish mature earlier and at smaller sizes and have more and smaller offspring than fish from populations without predators. However, until now, there have been no data to demonstrate that differences in mortality rates actually exist between predator and predator-free sites. Here we present the results of a serial mark-recapture field study designed to estimate mortality rates in natural populations of B. rhabodophora from Costa Rica. We found that fish from predator environments experience higher overall mortality rates and proportionally higher adult mortality rates than fish from predator-free environments. We then ask what impact differences in mortality rates have on B. rhabdophora population dynamics. Using a population matrix modeling approach, we found that B. rhabdophora that co-occur with predators have population growth rates similar to those without predators and both have confidence intervals that span lambda = 1.0. However, elasticity analysis revealed that the most important life-history stages for population growth in predator environments are found early in life and include growth through early ontogenetic stages and survival as small adults; in contrast, the most important life-history stages for population growth in predator-free environments occur late in life, including survival once large juvenile and adult stages are reached. Hence, we demonstrate two important links between predation and population demography, one ecological due to the direct impacts of predator-induced mortality and the other expressed through predator-mediated reproductive adaptation.	[Johnson, Jerald B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Johnson, Jerald B.] Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Jaime Zuniga-Vega, J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico	Johnson, JB (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Provo, UT 84602 USA.	jerry.johnson@byu.edu	Zuniga-Vega, Jose Jaime/B-9423-2013		The Bakal Family Foundation; Roger and Victoria Sant Endowment; Brigham Young University	We thank K. Sachs, A. Theriault, and M. Baker for excellent help with field mark-recapture experiments and members of the Zuniga-Vega laboratory who helped execute the randomization tests. Petty thieves Tilapia and Brinca Brinca taught us an important lesson about where not to keep your field notes. We are especially grateful to the Alvarez family who has repeatedly provided access to their property outside of Tilaran, Costa Rica; we dedicate this paper to the memory of Edwin Alvarez. The Bakal Family Foundation, the Roger and Victoria Sant Endowment, and Brigham Young University provided funding for this project.	Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; ALVAREZBUYLLA ER, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P221, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90026-T; Benton TG, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P467, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01724-3; Bronikowski AM, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2194, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2194:PDCOPI]2.0.CO;2; Burnham K. 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J	Dunlop, ES; Enberg, K; Jorgensen, C; Heino, M				Dunlop, Erin S.; Enberg, Katja; Jorgensen, Christian; Heino, Mikko			Toward Darwinian fisheries management	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Editorial Material							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MATURATION REACTION NORMS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS; ECO-GENETIC MODEL; ST-LAWRENCE COD	There is increasing evidence that fishing may cause rapid contemporary evolution in freshwater and marine fish populations. This has led to growing concern about the possible consequences such evolutionary change might have for aquatic ecosystems and the utility of those ecosystems to society. This special issue contains contributions from a symposium on fisheries-induced evolution held at the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting in August 2008. Contributions include primary studies and reviews of field-based and experimental evidence, and several theoretical modeling studies advancing life-history theory and investigating potential management options. In this introduction we review the state of research in the field, discuss current controversies, and identify contributions made by the papers in this issue to the knowledge of fisheries-induced evolution. We end by suggesting directions for future research.	[Dunlop, Erin S.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Dunlop, Erin S.; Enberg, Katja; Jorgensen, Christian; Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway; [Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway; [Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria	Dunlop, ES (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, 2140 E Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.	erin.dunlop@ontario.ca	Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Jorgensen, Christian/B-4453-2009; Enberg, Katja/C-8630-2009	Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Jorgensen, Christian/0000-0001-7087-4625; Enberg, Katja/0000-0002-0045-7604			Allendorf FW, 2008, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V23, P327, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.02.008; Andersen KH, 2007, ECOL MODEL, V204, P246, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.01.002; Arlinghaus R, 2009, EVOL APPL, V2, P335, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00081.x; Arnason E, 2009, PLOS ONE, V4, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005529; 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Appl.	AUG	2009	2	3					246	259		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00087.x				14	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	505DR	WOS:000270669700001	25567878	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Arlinghaus, R; Matsumura, S; Dieckmann, U				Arlinghaus, Robert; Matsumura, Shuichi; Dieckmann, Ulf			Quantifying selection differentials caused by recreational fishing: development of modeling framework and application to reproductive investment in pike (Esox lucius)	EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS			English	Review						angling; fisheries-induced evolution; life history; minimum-size limit; size-selective exploitation	WHITEFISH COREGONUS-LAVARETUS; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CATCH-AND-RELEASE; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SIMULATION ANALYSIS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LENGTH LIMITS	Methods for quantifying selection pressures on adaptive traits affected by size-selective fishing are still scarce, and none have as yet been developed for recreational fishing. We present an ecologically realistic age-structured model specifically tailored to recreational fishing that allows estimating selection differentials on adaptive life-history traits. The model accounts for multiple ecological feedbacks, which result in density-dependent and frequency-dependent selection. We study selection differentials on annual reproductive investment under size-selective exploitation in a highly demanded freshwater recreational fish species, northern pike (Esox lucius L.). We find that recreational angling mortality exerts positive selection differentials on annual reproductive investment, in agreement with predictions from life-history theory. The strength of selection increases with the intensity of harvesting. We also find that selection on reproductive investment can be reduced by implementing simple harvest regulations such as minimum-size limits. The general, yet computationally simple, methods introduced here allow evaluating and comparing selection pressures on adaptive traits in other fish populations and species, and thus have the potential to become a tool for evolutionary impact assessment of harvesting.	[Arlinghaus, Robert; Matsumura, Shuichi] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, D-12587 Berlin, Germany; [Arlinghaus, Robert] Humboldt Univ, Inst Anim Sci, Fac Agr & Hort, Inland Fisheries Management Lab, Berlin, Germany; [Matsumura, Shuichi; Dieckmann, Ulf] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria	Arlinghaus, R (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.	arlinghaus@igb-berlin.de	Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011; Matsumura, Shuichi/C-7986-2013	Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Matsumura, Shuichi/0000-0002-0368-006X; Arlinghaus, Robert/0000-0003-2861-527X	European Community's Sixth Framework Program; Marie Curie Research Training Network on Fisheries-induced Adaptive Changes in Exploited Stocks (FishACE); Specific Targeted Research Project on Fisheries-induced Evolution (FinE); European Science Foundation; Austrian Science Fund; Vienna Science and Technology Fund.	We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with members of the Evolution and Ecology Program at IIASA in general, and with Erin S. Dunlop in particular. Michael Raghib Moreno provided technical help in an early phase of the project, and Martin Bork helped with editorial work. We thank Thrond Haugen for his insights into pike biology and helpful comments. We also acknowledge the helpful reviews by Ken Andersen, one anonymous reviewer, and the Guest Editors. This study was initiated during IIASA's Young Scientists Summer Program (YSSP) of 2004, for which RA was financially supported by the German National Member Organization of IIASA. Financial support for the finalization of this study was provided within the ADAPTFISH project funded by the Gottfried-WilhelmLeibniz Community (http://www.adaptfish.igb-berlin.de). UD acknowledges financial support by the European Community's Sixth Framework Program, through the Marie Curie Research Training Network on Fisheries-induced Adaptive Changes in Exploited Stocks (FishACE) and the Specific Targeted Research Project on Fisheries-induced Evolution (FinE), as well as by the European Science Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund, and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund.	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Appl.	AUG	2009	2	3					335	355		10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00081.x				21	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	505DR	WOS:000270669700008	25567885	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Nussey, DH; Pemberton, JM; Pilkington, JG; Blount, JD				Nussey, Daniel H.; Pemberton, Josephine M.; Pilkington, Jill G.; Blount, Jonathan D.			Life history correlates of oxidative damage in a free-living mammal population	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						ageing; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; mammal; wild population; life history theory	NESTLINGS FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS; FREE-RADICAL THEORY; SOAY SHEEP; RED DEER; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEXUAL ATTRACTIVENESS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; COHORT VARIATION; ZEBRA FINCHES	P>Reactive oxygen species, produced as a by-product of normal metabolism, can cause intracellular damage and negatively impact on cell function. Such oxidative damage has been proposed as an evolutionarily important cost of growth and reproduction and as a mechanistic explanation for organismal senescence, although few tests of these ideas have occurred outside the laboratory. Here, we examined correlations between a measure of phospholipid oxidative damage in plasma samples and age, growth rates, parasite burden and investment in reproduction in a population of wild Soay sheep on St. Kilda, Scotland. We found that, amongst females of different ages, lambs had significantly elevated levels of oxidative damage compared to all other age classes and there was no evidence of increasing damage with age amongst adult sheep. Amongst lambs, levels of oxidative damage increased significantly with increasing growth rates over the first 4 months of life. Neither mean damage nor the effect of growth rate on damage differed between male and female lambs. Amongst adult female sheep, there was no evidence that body mass, current parasite burden or metrics of recent and past reproductive effort significantly predicted oxidative damage levels. This study is the first to examine age variation in an assay of oxidative damage and correlations between oxidative damage, growth and reproduction in a wild mammal. Our results suggest strong links between early conditions and oxidative damage in lambs, but also serve to highlight the limitations of cross-sectional data for studies examining associations between oxidative stress, ageing and life history in free-living populations.	[Nussey, Daniel H.; Pemberton, Josephine M.; Pilkington, Jill G.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Blount, Jonathan D.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Penryn, Cornwall, England	Nussey, DH (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.	dan.nussey@ed.ac.uk	Nussey, Daniel/F-4155-2010; Blount, Jonathan/K-7695-2012; Pemberton, Josephine/F-3100-2010	Blount, Jonathan/0000-0002-0016-0130; 	Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Royal Society University Research Fellowship; Natural Environment Research Council [NER/A/S/2003/00461, NE/E01237X/1]	We are grateful to Colin Selman, Andrea Graham, Lea Harrington, Adam Hayward and three anonymous referees for comments earlier drafts of the manuscript and discussion. We thank all members of the spring and summer 2007 field teams on St. Kilda. We also thank the National Trust for Scotland for permission to work on St. Kilda and QinetiQ, Amey and HSS staff on the island for logistic support. The Soay Sheep Project is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). DHN was supported by a NERC postdoctoral fellowship and JDB by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship.	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J	Bourgeon, S; Le Maho, Y; Raclot, T				Bourgeon, Sophie; Le Maho, Yvon; Raclot, Thierry			Proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying immunosuppression during the incubation fast in female eiders: Roles of triiodothyronine and corticosterone	GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	9th International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology	JUL 11-15, 2008	Leuven, BELGIUM			Acquired immunity; Cost of reproduction; Immunopathology-avoidance hypothesis; Resource-limitation hypothesis; Trade-offs	GREENFINCHES CARDUELIS-CHLORIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TRADE-OFFS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; COMMON EIDERS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; HUMORAL IMMUNITY	Available resources being limited, life-history theory predicts that natural selection favours the evolution of physiological mechanisms that ensure their optimal allocation between competing activities. Accordingly, to maximize their selective value, long-lived species face a trade-off between survival and reproduction. Immunity is hypothesized to share limited resources with other physiological functions and this may partly account for the fitness costs of reproduction. However, both ultimate and proximate factors underlying the observed trade-off between reproductive effort and immunocompetence remain poorly documented. Using female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) as a model, it was earlier shown that acquired immunity is negatively affected during the incubation fast, while its activation has a negative impact on females' fitness. The current paper reports data on corticosterone and triiodothyronine manipulations designed to shed more light onto both ultimate and proximate mechanisms involved in the control of immunosuppression in breeding female eiders. It was found that corticosterone is not the main proximate factor responsible for immunosuppression and that the immunosuppressive effects of both hormones may be mediated by their negative effects on body mass. These observations are consistent with the proposed link between the immune system and body fat reserves and, with the resource-limitation hypothesis for stress-induced immunosuppression. However the alternative hypothesis, the immunopathology-avoidance hypothesis cannot be discarded and the two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive in breeding female eiders. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Bourgeon, Sophie] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Polar Environm Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Bourgeon, Sophie; Le Maho, Yvon; Raclot, Thierry] ULP, CNR, IPHC, DEPE,UMR 7178, F-67087 Strasbourg, France	Bourgeon, S (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Polar Environm Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway.	sophie.bourgeon@nina.no					Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Amat JA, 2007, ECOL RES, V22, P282, DOI 10.1007/s11284-006-0022-z; Apanius V, 1998, ADV STUD BEHAV, V27, P133; Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; Bertile F, 2006, CURR NUTR FOOD SCI, V2, P127, DOI 10.2174/157340106776818862; Bertrand S, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P1022, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01191.x; Bonneaud C, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P367, DOI 10.1086/346134; Bourgeon S, 2006, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V147, P336, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.006; Bourgeon S, 2007, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V31, P720, DOI 10.1016/j.dci.2006.11.009; Bourgeon S, 2007, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V151, P188, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.020; Bourgeon S, 2006, J EXP BIOL, V209, P4957, DOI 10.1242/jeb.02610; Bourgeon S, 2006, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V79, P793, DOI 10.1086/504609; CHEREL Y, 1988, AM J PHYSIOL, V254, pR170; Cichon M, 1998, IBIS, V140, P128, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04549.x; Costantini D, 2006, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V176, P575, DOI 10.1007/s00360-006-0080-0; Criscuolo F, 2003, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V76, P196, DOI 10.1086/374280; Day T, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P2685, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0809; Deerenberg C, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1021, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0141; Demas GE, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1845, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3126; Graham AL, 2005, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V36, P373, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152622; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Hanssen SA, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P925, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2678; HARVEY S, 1983, J ENDOCRINOL, V98, P129, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.0980129; He X, 2007, ANIM FEED SCI TECH, V139, P186, DOI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.01.009; Herring G, 2007, THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO, V7, P1596, DOI 10.1100/tsw.2007.242; Hollmen T, 2001, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V74, P333, DOI 10.1086/320421; Horak P, 2003, CAN J ZOOL, V81, P371, DOI 10.1139/Z03-020; KORSCHGEN CE, 1977, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V41, P360, DOI 10.2307/3800505; LAMB JR, 1989, J AUTOIMMUN, V2, P93, DOI 10.1016/0896-8411(89)90120-0; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; Lord GM, 1998, NATURE, V394, P897, DOI 10.1038/29795; Martin LB, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P153, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2185; Martin LB, 2005, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V140, P126, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.10.010; Martin LB, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC B, V363, P321, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2142; McEwen BS, 1997, BRAIN RES REV, V23, P79, DOI 10.1016/S0165-0173(96)00012-4; MCNABB FMA, 1995, J NUTR, V125, pS1773, DOI 10.1093/jn/125.suppl_6.1773S; Morales J, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01139.x; Moreno J, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1105, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0750; Moreno J, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V129, P492, DOI 10.1007/s004420100767; Nilsson JA, 2007, J AVIAN BIOL, V38, P488, DOI 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03919.x; Nordling D, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1291, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0432; Norris K, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P19, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.19; PARKER H, 1990, AUK, V107, P660, DOI 10.2307/4087996; Raberg L, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1637, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0482; Raberg L, 2000, ECOL LETT, V3, P382, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00154.x; ROITT IM, 1998, IMMUNOLOGY; Rubolini D, 2005, HORM BEHAV, V47, P592, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.006; Saino N, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P169, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.2.169; Sharp PJ, 2008, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V158, P2, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.05.018; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; SMITH JM, 1978, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V9, P31, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.000335; Sorensen JG, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P1025, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00528.x; Stearns S. 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AUG-SEP	2009	163	1-2					77	82		10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.015				6	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Endocrinology & Metabolism	473NG	WOS:000268213200014	19063892				2018-11-12	
J	Andersen, KH; Brander, K				Andersen, Ken H.; Brander, Keith			Expected rate of fisheries-induced evolution is slow	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						evolutionary impact assessment; life-history theory; quantitative genetics	COD GADUS-MORHUA; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; NORTHERN COD; LIFE-HISTORIES; GROWTH-RATES; MATURATION; SIZE; POPULATIONS; DENSITY; AGE	Commercial fisheries exert high mortalities on the stocks they exploit, and the consequent selection pressure leads to fisheries-induced evolution of growth rate, age and size at maturation, and reproductive output. Productivity and yields may decline as a result, but little is known about the rate at which such changes are likely to occur. Fisheries-induced evolution of exploited populations has recently become a subject of concern for policy makers, fisheries managers, and the general public, with prominent calls for mitigating management action. We make a general evolutionary impact assessment of fisheries by calculating the expected rate of fisheries-induced evolution and the consequent changes in yield. Rates of evolution are expected to be approximate to 0.1-0.6% per year, and the consequent reductions in fisheries yield are <0.7% per year. These rates are at least a factor of 5 lower than published values based on experiments and analyses of population time series, and we explain why the published rates may be overestimates. Dealing with evolutionary effects of fishing is less urgent than reducing the direct detrimental effects of overfishing on exploited stocks and on their marine ecosystems.	[Andersen, Ken H.; Brander, Keith] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark	Andersen, KH (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.	kha@aqua.dtu.dk		Andersen, Ken Haste/0000-0002-8478-3430	EU [022717]	We thank Martin Pedersen for comments on the manuscript and Uffe H. Thygesen for discussions on life history theory. The analysis is a contribution to the EU FP6 Specific Targeted Research Projects 022717 (UNCOVER).	Andersen KH, 2007, ECOL MODEL, V204, P246, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.01.002; Andersen KH, 2006, AM NAT, V168, P54, DOI 10.1086/504849; Andersen KH, 2009, ICES J MAR SCI, V66, P1978, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp161; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Barot S, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P56, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.10.004; Barot S, 2004, ECOL APPL, V14, P1257, DOI 10.1890/03-5066; Beverton R. J. H., 1959, CIBA FDN C AGEING, V5, P142, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470715253.CH10; BEVERTON RJH, 1992, J FISH BIOL, V41, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03875.x; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Conover DO, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P94, DOI 10.1126/science.1074085; Dutil JD, 2003, FISH OCEANOGR, V12, P502, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00243.x; Ernande B, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P415, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2519; Heino M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1971, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1971; Hilborn R, 2008, B MAR SCI, V83, P95; Hutchings JA, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P943, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-53-5-943; Jorgensen C, 2007, SCIENCE, V318, P1247, DOI 10.1126/science.1148089; Kuparinen A, 2007, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V22, P652, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2007.08.011; LAW R, 1989, EVOL ECOL, V3, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02285264; Law R, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P659, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0731; LAW R, 1993, EVOLUTION EXPLOITED, P151; Law R, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P271, DOI 10.3354/meps335271; Lester NP, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1625, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2778; Lilly GR, 2008, LOW WAKE FI, V24, P39, DOI 10.4027/rgsfcc.2008.03; MYERS RA, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1576, DOI 10.1139/f93-179; Mylius SD, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P218, DOI 10.2307/3545651; Olsen E, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P811, DOI 10.1139/F05-065; Olsen EM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P932, DOI 10.1038/nature02430; Pope JG, 1996, ICES J MAR SCI, V53, P1157, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0141; Rose GA, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P644, DOI 10.1139/f00-004; Stenseth NC, 2009, NATURE, V457, P803, DOI 10.1038/457803a; Warren WG, 1997, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V54, P139, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-54-S1-139	32	72	72	2	45	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	JUL 14	2009	106	28					11657	11660		10.1073/pnas.0901690106				4	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	470KD	WOS:000267972700043	19564596	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Reiches, MW; Ellison, PT; Lipson, SF; Sharrock, KC; Gardiner, E; Duncan, LG				Reiches, Meredith W.; Ellison, Peter T.; Lipson, Susan F.; Sharrock, Katherine C.; Gardiner, Eliza; Duncan, Laura G.			Pooled Energy Budget and Human Life History	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							SENEGALESE ADOLESCENT GIRLS; HABITUAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MENSTRUAL CYCLES; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA; MOVEMENT REGISTRATION; POSTREPRODUCTIVE LIFE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS	Human life history contains a series of paradoxes not easily explained by classical life history theory. Although overall reproductive output is higher than in related primates, juvenile growth is slower and age-specific reproductive rates decline faster with age. A simple energetic model would predict that growth and reproductive rates should be positively correlated and that reproductive effort should not decelerate with age. The pattern of negative correlations in humans suggest the presence of trade-offs among peak reproductive rate, childhood growth, and reproductive rate at older ages. To address this puzzle, we propose a synthesis of reproductive ecology and behavioral ecology focused on intra- and inter-somatic energy transfers. This integration includes three concepts: the mother as final common pathway through which energy must pass to result in offspring; a distinction between direct and indirect reproductive effort, proposing the latter as a novel net energy allocation category relative to growth and direct reproductive effort; and a pooled energy budget representing the energetic contributions and withdrawals of all members of a breeding community. Individuals at all reproductive life stages are considered in light of their contributions to the pooled energy budget. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:421-429, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Reiches, Meredith W.; Ellison, Peter T.; Lipson, Susan F.; Sharrock, Katherine C.; Gardiner, Eliza] Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Duncan, Laura G.] NYU, Gallatin Sch Individualized Study, New York, NY 10003 USA	Reiches, MW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, 11 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.	mreiches@fas.harvard.edu					AIELLO LC, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P199, DOI 10.1086/204350; Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; Apicella CL, 2007, BIOLOGY LETT, V3, P682, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0410; APTER D, 1978, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V47, P944, DOI 10.1210/jcem-47-5-944; Benefice E, 2001, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V28, P319, DOI 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00201-9; Benefice E, 2001, AM J HUM BIOL, V13, P808, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.1126; Benefice E, 1999, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V53, P636, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600826; Bogin B, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P109, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.109; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; 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J. Hum. Biol.	JUL-AUG	2009	21	4			SI		421	429		10.1002/ajhb.20906				9	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	460QR	WOS:000267202700002	19367579				2018-11-12	
J	Kramer, KL; Greaves, RD; Ellison, PT				Kramer, Karen L.; Greaves, Russell D.; Ellison, Peter T.			Early Reproductive Maturity Among Pume Foragers: Implications of a Pooled Energy Model to Fast Life Histories	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							BIRTH-WEIGHT; HUNTER-GATHERERS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; MENARCHE; GIRLS; AGE; MAINTENANCE; MATURATION; FERTILITY	Life history theory places central importance on relationships between ontogeny, reproduction, and mortality. Fast human life histories have been theoretically and empirically associated with high mortality regimes. This relationship, however, poses an unanswered question about energy allocation. In epidemiologically stressful environments, a greater proportion of energy is allocated to immune function. If growth and maintenance are competing energetic expenditures, less energy should be available for growth, and the mechanism to sustain rapid maturation remains unclear. The human pattern of extended juvenile provisioning and resource sharing may provide an important source of variation in energy availability not predicted by tradeoff models that assume independence at weaning. We consider a group of South American foragers to evaluate the effects that pooled energy budgets may have on early reproduction. Despite growing up in an environment with distinct seasonal under-nutrition, harsh epidemiological conditions, and no health care, Pume girls mature quickly and initiate childbearing in their midteens. Pooled energy budgets compensate for the low productivity of girls not only through direct food transfers but importantly by reducing energy they would otherwise expend in foraging activities to meet metabolic requirements. We suggest that pooled energy budgets affect energy availability at both extrinsic and intrinsic levels. Because energy budgets are pooled, Pume girls and young women are buffered from environmental downturns and can maximize energy allocated to growth completion and initiate reproduction earlier than a traditional bound-energy model would predict. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:430-437, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Kramer, Karen L.; Ellison, Peter T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol & Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Greaves, Russell D.] Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum Archaeol & Ethnol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA	Kramer, KL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol & Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.	kkramer@fas.harvard.edu					Adair L.S., 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P59; BARRETO D, 2007, SALUD INDIGENA VENEZ, V2, P247; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P873; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Chisholm JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; Coale A. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Turke P., 1988, HUMAN REPROD BEHAV D, P173; UNGRIA AGD, 1966, ESTUDIO COMP LAS CAR; VALEGGIA CR, 2009, STUDIES BIOSOCIAL SO, V3; Walker R, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P295, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20510; Whiting JW, 1986, SCH AGE PREGNANCY PA, P273; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	67	27	28	0	13	WILEY-LISS	HOBOKEN	DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA	1042-0533			AM J HUM BIOL	Am. J. Hum. Biol.	JUL-AUG	2009	21	4					430	437		10.1002/ajhb.20930				8	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	460QR	WOS:000267202700003	19402033				2018-11-12	
J	Vitzthum, VJ; Thornburg, J; Spielvogel, H				Vitzthum, Virginia J.; Thornburg, Jonathan; Spielvogel, Hilde			Seasonal Modulation of Reproductive Effort During Early Pregnancy in Humans	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Seminar on Trade-Offs in Female Life Histories - Raising New Questions in an Integrative Framework	JUL 23-25, 2008	Bristol, ENGLAND				PROGESTERONE LEVELS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; BOLIVIAN WOMEN; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; CONCEPTION; FERTILITY; ABNORMALITIES; ANOVULATION; SUBSISTENCE	Life history theory predicts that early pregnancy presents a relatively low cost, uncontested opportunity for a woman to terminate investment in a current reproductive opportunity if a conceptus is of poor quality and/or maternal status or environmental conditions are not propitious for a successful birth. We tested this hypothesis in rural Bolivian women experiencing substantial seasonal variation in workload and food resources. Significant risk factors for early pregnancy loss (EPL) included agropastoralism versus other economic strategies, conception during the most arduous seasons versus other seasons, and increasing maternal age. Anovulation rate (AR) was higher during the most arduous seasons and in older women. Breastfeeding and indicators of social status and living conditions did not significantly influence either risk of EPL or AR. Averaged over the year, anovulation occurred in about 1/4 of the cycles and EPL occurred in about 1/3 of the conceptions. This is the first evidence of seasonality of EPL in a non-industrialized population, and the first to demonstrate a relationship between economic activities and EPL. These findings suggest that both anovulation and EPL are potential mechanisms for modulating reproductive effort; such "failures" may also be nonadaptive consequences of conditions hostile to a successful pregnancy. In either case, variation in EPL risk associated with different subsistence activities can be expected to influence fertility levels and birth seasonality in both contemporary and past human populations. These consequences of variability in the risk of EPL can impact efforts to understand the sources of variation in reproductive success. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 21:548-558, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	[Vitzthum, Virginia J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Vitzthum, Virginia J.] Indiana Univ, Kinsey Inst Res Sex Gender & Reprod, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Thornburg, Jonathan] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Spielvogel, Hilde] Univ Mayor San Marcos, Fac Med, Dept Bioenerget, Inst Boliviano Biol Altura, La Paz, Bolivia	Vitzthum, VJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Student Bldg 130,701 Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.	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J. Hum. Biol.	JUL-AUG	2009	21	4			SI		548	558		10.1002/ajhb.20936				11	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	460QR	WOS:000267202700017	19402035				2018-11-12	
J	Bijleveld, AI; Mullers, RHE				Bijleveld, Allert I.; Mullers, Ralf H. E.			Reproductive effort in biparental care: an experimental study in long-lived Cape gannets	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						chick provisioning; foraging behavior; life-history trade-off; long-lived seabird; parental conflict; reproductive investment	YELLOW-NOSED ALBATROSS; THIN-BILLED PRION; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; MORUS-CAPENSIS; PARENTAL EFFORT; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; THALASSOICA-ANTARCTICA; NATURAL-SELECTION; PELAGIC SEABIRD; BROOD SIZE	Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between current and future reproduction, such that long-lived species should not increase their reproductive effort (RE) at a cost to their own survival. In species with long-term pair bonds and biparental care, each parent must balance its reproductive investment against that of its partner. Although the effects of "handicapping" studies on the focal individual are sometimes difficult to interpret, they are a powerful approach for investigating compensatory responses of the partner. In the present experiment, we manipulated flying ability of one parent in long-lived Cape gannets (Morus capensis), thereby indirectly increasing the demands on RE of the unmanipulated partner. Handicapped birds doubled their foraging trip duration and reduced nest attendance. Their partners showed behavioral compensation via increased nest attendance for chicks younger than 30 days and increased foraging trip frequency for older chicks. The behavioral responses of partners did not fully compensate for the reduced care of handicapped adults. For manipulated nests, overall foraging trip frequency was 21% lower, chicks were left unattended at 5 days younger, and their growth and survival was reduced compared with control nests. Handicapped adults lost 10% of their body mass during the experiment, but their partners showed no decrease in body mass. Our results show that long-lived Cape gannets can increase current RE when needed, without negative effects on body condition or survival. The reduced care of one parent was partly compensated for by its partner, and remaining costs were borne by the chick.	[Bijleveld, Allert I.; Mullers, Ralf H. E.] Univ Groningen, Dept Behav Biol, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands; [Bijleveld, Allert I.] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Populat Biol, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1090 GB Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Mullers, Ralf H. 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JUL-AUG	2009	20	4					736	744		10.1093/beheco/arp054				9	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	472CM	WOS:000268106800008		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Rushton, JP; Templer, DI				Rushton, J. Philippe; Templer, Donald I.			National differences in intelligence, crime, income, and skin color	INTELLIGENCE			English	Article						IQ; National IQ; Crime rates; Skin color; Life expectancy; Reproductive strategies; Life-history theory	COGNITIVE-ABILITY; K-THEORY; IQ; RACE; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; ACHIEVEMENT; HYPOTHESIS; GEOGRAPHY; RATES	National differences in murder, rape, and serious assault were examined in 113 countries in relation to national IQ, income, skin color, birth rate, life expectancy, infant mortality, and HIV/AIDS. Data were collated from the 1993-1996 International Crime Statistics published by INTERPOL Violent crime was found to be lower in countries with higher IQs, higher life expectancies, lighter skin color, and lower rates of HIV/AIDS, although not with higher national incomes or higher rates of infant mortality. A principal components analysis found the first general factor accounted for 52% of the variance. Moreover, the correlations were significantly higher with skin color, a more biologically influenced variable, than with measures of national income, a more culturally influenced variable. When the 19 sub-Saharan African countries were excluded from analysis the crime/IQ relation held but the crime/skin color relation did not. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Rushton, J. Philippe] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada; [Templer, Donald I.] Alliant Univ, Fresno, CA USA	Rushton, JP (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.	rushton@uwo.ca; donaldtempler@sbcglobal.net					Barnett SM, 2004, CONTEMP PSYCHOL, V49, P389; BIASUTTI R, 1967, RAZZE POPOLI TERRA; BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; Central Intelligence Agency CIA, 2008, CIA WORLD FACTB; ELLIS L, 1988, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V9, P697, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(88)90059-1; Gelade GA, 2008, INTELLIGENCE, V36, P495, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2008.01.004; Gelade GA, 2008, INTELLIGENCE, V36, P711, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2008.04.003; Hama A, 1999, MANKIND QUART, V40, P41; *HOM OFF, 1999, STAT RACE CRIMINAL J; HUNT E, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P137; *INTERPOL, 1993, INT CRIM STAT 1993 1; Jensen AR, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P128, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.003; JENSEN AR, 1998, FACTOR; Kanazawa S, 2008, INTELLIGENCE, V36, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2007.04.001; Lynn R, 2002, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V32, P273, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00029-0; Lynn R, 2006, IQ GLOBAL INEQUALITY; Lynn R, 2002, IQ WEALTH NATIONS; Lynn R, 2007, J BIOSOC SCI, V39, P861, DOI 10.1017/S0021932007001964; Lynn R, 2007, INTELLIGENCE, V35, P115, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2006.06.001; Lynn R, 2009, INTELLIGENCE, V37, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2008.03.004; Meisenberg G, 2004, MANKIND QUART, V45, P123; *MIN SOL GEN CORR, 1996, REP COMM SYST RAC ON; Morse S, 2008, GEOGR J, V174, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2008.00296.x; Rindermann H, 2007, EUR J PERSONALITY, V21, P767, DOI 10.1002/per.658; Rindermann H, 2007, EUR J PERSONALITY, V21, P667, DOI 10.1002/per.634; Rowe DC, 1997, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V23, P105, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00005-6; ROWE DC, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P61, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.1.61; ROWE DC, 1994, J RES CRIME DELINQ, V31, P364; Rushton J., 2000, RACE EVOLUTION BEHAV; Rushton JP, 2008, MED HYPOTHESES, V71, P629, DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.031; Rushton JP, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V44, P768, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.011; RUSHTON JP, 1995, PSYCHOL REP, V76, P307, DOI 10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.307; Rushton JP, 2005, PSYCHOL PUBLIC POL L, V11, P235, DOI 10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235; Rushton JP, 2004, INTELLIGENCE, V32, P321, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.003; RUSHTON JP, 1990, CAN J CRIMINOL, V32, P315; Rushton JP, 2002, POPUL ENVIRON, V23, P501, DOI 10.1023/A:1016335501805; RUSHTON JP, 1989, SOC SCI MED, V28, P1211, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90339-0; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; TAYLOR J, 1999, J SOCIAL POLITICAL E, V0024; Templer DI, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P121, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.002; Templer DI, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V45, P440, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.010; WHITNEY G, 1995, MANKIND QUART, V35, P327	42	42	42	1	19	ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC	NEW YORK	360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA	0160-2896			INTELLIGENCE	Intelligence	JUL-AUG	2009	37	4					341	346		10.1016/j.intell.2009.04.003				6	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	466EO	WOS:000267643800003					2018-11-12	
J	Low, M; Part, T				Low, Matthew; Part, Tomas			Patterns of mortality for each life-history stage in a population of the endangered New Zealand stitchbird	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						mark-recapture; inbreeding; nest-box; translocation; temperature-dependent mortality	POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NOTIOMYSTIS-CINCTA; SEASONAL DECLINE; HATCHING SUCCESS; PARUS-MAJOR; GREAT TITS; BIRDS; GROWTH; HIHI	Using data from 396 breeding attempts over an 8-year period, we investigated age- and stage-specific survival rates and their modifying factors in a closed island population of the New Zealand stitchbird (or hihi, Notiomystis cincta Du Bus). Survival probability generally increased over time; however, at each life-history transition, survival in the new stage started lower than at the end of the previous stage, creating a 'saw-tooth' function of age-related survival. The probability of an egg hatching was low (0.73 +/- 0.01): most likely a consequence of genetic bottlenecks previously endured by this population. There was strong support for a positive relationship between hatching rate and the subsequent survival of the female parent, and hatching success declining for females > 4 years old. Nestling survival probability increased as a function of brood size and days since hatching, and decreased relative to daily maximum ambient temperature and hatching date. Support for models including ambient temperature was greater than for other covariates, with the majority of this temperature-mediated survival effect being restricted to the early nestling stage. Fledglings had low survival rates in the first two weeks after leaving the nest, with post-fledging survival related to the fledgling's mass. Two months after fledging, juvenile survival probability plateaued and remained relatively constant for the following autumn, winter and spring/summer breeding season. There was no effect of sex or season on adult survival probability. However, there was strong support for age-specific variation in adult survival, with survival likelihood increasing during the first four years before showing evidence of a senescence decline. Within-stage survival increases were likely related to stage-specific selection pressures initially weeding out individuals of poorer phenotypes for the environment specific to each life-history stage. Such a mechanism explains the initial high mortality at life-history transitions; a well-adapted phenotype for one stage may not necessarily be so well adapted for subsequent stages. These patterns are not only valuable for examining life-history theory, but also for understanding the regulation of vital rates in an endangered species and providing a basis from which better population management models and harvesting regimes can be derived.	[Low, Matthew; Part, Tomas] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden	Low, M (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Box 7044, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.	matt.low@ekol.slu.se	Low, Matthew/D-2292-2013	Part, Tomas/0000-0001-7388-6672; Low, Matthew/0000-0002-7345-6063	Swedish Research Council	For help in data collection, data access and field logistics we thank: Tamara Henry, Su Sinclair, Jason Taylor, Rosalie Stamp, Ian Fraser, Sandra Jack, John Ewen, Rose Thorogood, Troy Makan, Becky Lewis, Barbara Walter, Ray Walter, Ian Price, Ian McLeod, Thomas Helmig-Christensen, Rachel Curtis, angstrom sa Berggren, Isabel Castro, Doug Armstrong, Ed Minot, Rory Renwick, Richard Griffiths and the Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi. Thanks also to PAr Forslund for statistical advice and to Beat Naef-Daenzer, David Green and the associate editor for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Data were collected under permits from the New Zealand Department of Conservation and Massey University. M. Low was supported by the Swedish Research Council (FORMAS) and T. PArt was partly supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR).	Anders AD, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P698, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95526.x; Ardia DR, 2006, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V77, P339, DOI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00064.x; Armstrong Doug P., 2001, Pacific Conservation Biology, V7, P87; Armstrong DP, 2002, J BIOGEOGR, V29, P609, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00710.x; Bell BD, 2006, J ORNITHOL, V147, P136; Both C, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0660; Briskie JV, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P558, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0305103101; Burnham K. 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Anim. Ecol.	JUL	2009	78	4					761	771		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01543.x				11	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	454UF	WOS:000266707500008	19302320	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Buss, DM				Buss, David M.			How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality and Individual Differences?	PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE			English	Article							ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS; SEXUAL SELECTION; 5-FACTOR MODEL; PERSPECTIVE; GENETICS; MEN; ADAPTATION; HISTORY	Although evolutionary psychology has been successful in explaining some species-typical and sex-differentiated adaptations, a large question that has largely eluded the field is this: How can the field successfully explain personality and individual differences? This article highlights some promising theoretical directions for tackling this question. These include life-history theory, costly signaling theory, environmental variability in fitness optima, frequency-dependent selection, mutation load, and flexibly contingent shifts in strategy according to environmental conditions. Tackling the explanatory question also requires progress on three fronts: (a) reframing some personality traits as forms of strategic individual differences; (b) providing a nonarbitrary, evolutionary-based formulation of environments as distributions and salience profiles of adaptive problems; and (c) identifying which strategies thrive and which falter in these differing problem-defined environments.	Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78731 USA	Buss, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78731 USA.	dbuss@psy.utexas.edu					Belsky J, 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P141; Burnham TC, 2003, HORM BEHAV, V44, P119, DOI 10.1016/S0018-506X(03)00125-9; Buss D. M., 2008, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL; Buss D. 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J	Blomquist, GE				Blomquist, Gregory E.			Trade-off between age of first reproduction and survival in a female primate	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						life history; quantitative genetics; genetic correlation; maturation; senescence; primate	RHESUS MACAQUES; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS; NATURAL-SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORIES; EVOLUTION; LONGEVITY; HERITABILITY; POPULATION; PATTERNS; FITNESS	Trade-offs are central to life-history theory but difficult to document. Patterns of phenotypic and genetic correlations in rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta-a long-lived, slow-reproducing primate-are used to test for a trade-off between female age of first reproduction and adult survival. A strong positive genetic correlation indicates that female macaques suffer reduced adult survival when they mature relatively early and implies primate senescence can be explained, in part, by antagonistic pleiotropy. Contrasts with a similar human study implicate the extension of parental effects to later ages as a potential mechanism for circumventing female life-history trade-offs in human evolution.	Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA	Blomquist, GE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, 200 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.	blomquistg@missouri.edu					Altmann J, 2005, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V57, P490, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0870-x; BERCOVITCH FB, 1993, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V32, P103, DOI 10.1007/BF00164042; Blomquist GE, 2009, GENETICA, V135, P209, DOI 10.1007/s10709-008-9270-x; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Charnov Eric L., 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V1, P191, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360010604; Cheverud James M., 1994, P67; GROENEVELD E, 1990, J DAIRY SCI, V73, P513, DOI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78699-7; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hawkes K, 2006, EVOLUTION HUMAN LIFE; Heppell SS, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P654, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0654:LHAEPP]2.0.CO;2; Hughes KA, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P14286, DOI 10.1073/pnas.222326199; Kaplan HS, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P10221, DOI 10.1073/pnas.152502899; Kirk KM, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P423; Kruuk LEB, 2004, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V359, P873, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2003.1437; Kruuk LEB, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P698, DOI 10.1073/pnas.97.2.698; Le Bourg E, 2007, AGEING RES REV, V6, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2007.04.002; Lee R, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P7124, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0710234105; Marlowe FW, 2005, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V14, P54, DOI 10.1002/evan.20046; Martin R. D., 1990, PRIMATE ORIGINS EVOL; Nurnberg P, 1998, AM J PRIMATOL, V44, P1; Pettay JE, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P2838, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0406709102; Quinlan RJ, 2008, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V17, P227, DOI 10.1002/evan.20191; *R DEV COR TEAM, 2007, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Rawlins RG, 1986, CAYO SANTIAGO MACAQU; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Roff DA, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01255.x; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; ROSE MR, 1981, GENETICS, V97, P172; STEARNS SC, 1989, FUNCT ECOL, V3, P259, DOI 10.2307/2389364; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Westendorp RGJ, 1998, NATURE, V396, P743, DOI 10.1038/25519; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	32	42	44	1	30	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561	1744-957X		BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	JUN 23	2009	5	3					339	342		10.1098/rsbl.2009.0009				4	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	446TO	WOS:000266144300014	19324637	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Tuljapurkar, S; Gaillard, JM; Coulson, T				Tuljapurkar, Shripad; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Coulson, Tim			From stochastic environments to life histories and back	PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						generation time; demographic dispersion; stochastic growth rate; reproduction; survival; life history	POPULATION-DYNAMICS; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; INTRINSIC RATE; SELECTION; MAMMALS; GROWTH	Environmental stochasticity is known to play an important role in life-history evolution, but most general theory assumes a constant environment. In this paper, we examine life-history evolution in a variable environment, by decomposing average individual fitness (measured by the long-run stochastic growth rate) into contributions from average vital rates and their temporal variation. We examine how generation time, demographic dispersion (measured by the dispersion of reproductive events across the lifespan), demographic resilience (measured by damping time), within-year variances in vital rates, within- year correlations between vital rates and between-year correlations in vital rates combine to determine average individual fitness of stylized life histories. In a fluctuating environment, we show that there is often a range of cohort generation times at which the fitness is at a maximum. Thus, we expect 'optimal' phenotypes in fluctuating environments to differ from optimal phenotypes in constant environments. We show that stochastic growth rates are strongly affected by demographic dispersion, even when deterministic growth rates are not, and that demographic dispersion also determines the response of life-history-specific average fitness to within- and between-year correlations. Serial correlations can have a strong effect on fitness, and, depending on the structure of the life history, may act to increase or decrease fitness. The approach we outline takes a useful first step in developing general life-history theory for non-constant environments.	[Tuljapurkar, Shripad] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR Biomet & Biol Evolut 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; [Coulson, Tim] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England	Tuljapurkar, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	tulja@stanford.edu		Coulson, Tim/0000-0001-9371-9003	NIA; NSF; CNRS; NERC; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E015921/1, cpb010001]	We thank Fanie Pelletier, Dany Garant and Andrew Hendry for their unceasing patience in awaiting submission of this manuscript to their special symposium, and their subsequent rapid handling of the manuscript. We also thank Marco Festa-Bianchet, an anonymous referee, and Fanie Pelletier for their many and useful criticisms. S. T. was funded by the NIA and NSF, J-.M. G. by CNRS and T. C. by NERC.	ATHREYA KB, 1971, ANN MATH STAT, V42, P1499, DOI 10.1214/aoms/1177693150; Boyce MS, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P141, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.018; Brown JH, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P17595, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0608522103; Calder III W. A., 1996, SIZE FUNCTION LIFE H; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CHARLESWORTH B, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P449, DOI 10.1086/283079; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV EL, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P791, DOI 10.1086/282877; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Coulson T, 2006, EVOL ECOL RES, V8, P1155; Ezard THG, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1491, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0006; FISHER R. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUN 12	2009	364	1523					1499	1509		10.1098/rstb.2009.0021				11	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	440XE	WOS:000265732200003	19414465	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Sibly, RM; Brown, JH				Sibly, Richard M.; Brown, James H.			Mammal Reproductive Strategies Driven by Offspring Mortality-Size Relationships	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						life-history theory; trade-off; litter size; offspring size; litter frequency; litter mass	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FAST-SLOW CONTINUUM; BODY-SIZE; STYLE; BIRDS; VIEW	Trade-offs have long been a major theme in life-history theory, but they have been hard to document. We introduce a new method that reveals patterns of divergent trade-offs after adjusting for the pervasive variation in rate of resource allocation to offspring as a function of body size and lifestyle. Results suggest that preweaning vulnerability to predation has been the major factor determining how female placental mammals allocate production between a few large and many small offspring within a litter and between a few large litters and many small ones within a reproductive season. Artiodactyls, perissodactyls, cetaceans, and pinnipeds, which give birth in the open on land or in the sea, produce a few large offspring, at infrequent intervals, because this increases their chances of escaping predation. Insectivores, fissiped carnivores, lagomorphs, and rodents, whose offspring are protected in burrows or nests, produce large litters of small newborns. Primates, bats, sloths, and anteaters, which carry their young from birth until weaning, produce litters of one or a few offspring because of the need to transport and care for them.	[Sibly, Richard M.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England; [Sibly, Richard M.] Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Social & Spatial Change, Ctr Integrated Populat Ecol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Brown, James H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Brown, James H.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA	Sibly, RM (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England.	r.m.sibly@reading.ac.uk		Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543	Royal Society Travel Grant; NSF [DEB-0541625, DEB-0083422]	We thank K. E. Jones for supplying the bat data, E. L. Charnov and members of the University of New Mexico/Santa Fe Institute Scaling Group and the Integrating Macroecological Pattern and Processes across Scales (IMPPS)/National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Research Coordination Network (RCN; DEB-0541625) for helpful discussions, and S. Beissinger and two reviewers for comments. This is IMPPS RCN publication 2 and was supported by a Royal Society Travel Grant to R. M. S. and an NSF grant (DEB-0083422) and a Packard Interdisciplinary Science Grant to J.H.B.	Bielby J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P748, DOI 10.1086/516847; Brown JH, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P17595, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0608522103; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV E L, 1982; Charnov EL, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P578, DOI 10.1086/501141; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov EL, 2007, AM NAT, V170, pE129, DOI 10.1086/522840; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; CODY ML, 1966, EVOLUTION, V20, P174, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1966.tb03353.x; DERRICKSON EM, 1992, FUNCT ECOL, V6, P57, DOI 10.2307/2389771; Dobson FS, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P17565, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0708868104; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3402, DOI 10.1890/02-9002; Fontaine JJ, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P428, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00892.x; GAILLARD JM, 1989, OIKOS, V56, P59, DOI 10.2307/3566088; HARVEY P. H., 1988, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST, P213; Jones KE, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P465; Kozlowski J, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P352; MACARTHUR RH, 1962, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V48, P1893, DOI 10.1073/pnas.48.11.1893; MARTIN RD, 1985, NATURE, V313, P220, DOI 10.1038/313220a0; MARTIN RD, 1984, S ZOOL SOC LOND, V51, P81; Oli MK, 2004, BASIC APPL ECOL, V5, P449, DOI 10.1016/j.baae.2004.06.002; PROMISLOW DEL, 1990, J ZOOL, V220, P417, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04316.x; PURVIS A, 1995, J ZOOL, V237, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02762.x; READ AF, 1989, J ZOOL, V219, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02584.x; SIBLY R, 1987, J THEOR BIOL, V125, P177, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(87)80039-5; Sibly RM, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P17707, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0707725104; SIBLY RM, 1993, J THEOR BIOL, V160, P533, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1993.1034; Sibly RM, 1997, J ZOOL, V243, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb05751.x; Sibly RM, 1986, PHYSL ECOLOGY ANIMAL; SINERVO B, 1990, SCIENCE, V248, P1106, DOI 10.1126/science.248.4959.1106; SUTHERLAND WJ, 1986, NATURE, V320, P88, DOI 10.1038/320088a0	33	23	23	4	54	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147			AM NAT	Am. Nat.	JUN	2009	173	6					E185	E199		10.1086/598680				15	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	439KJ	WOS:000265625700002	19374555	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Ellis, BJ; Figueredo, AJ; Brumbach, BH; Schlomer, GL				Ellis, Bruce J.; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Brumbach, Barbara H.; Schlomer, Gabriel L.			Fundamental Dimensions of Environmental Risk	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Review						Life history theory; Reproductive strategies; Puberty; Sexual maturation; Sexual behavior; Parenting; Evolutionary psychology; Human development; Bet-hedging; Adaptive individual differences; Extrinsic mortality; Animal behavior	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FAST-SLOW CONTINUUM; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; ADOLESCENT SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; REPRODUCTIVE TRADE-OFFS; OFFSPRING SIZE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; NATURAL-POPULATIONS	The current paper synthesizes theory and data from the field of life history (LH) evolution to advance a new developmental theory of variation in human LH strategies. The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism's resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales. These interrelated factors operate at evolutionary and developmental levels and should be distinguished because they exert distinctive effects on LH traits and are hierarchically operative in terms of primacy of influence. Although converging lines of evidence support core assumptions of the theory, many questions remain unanswered. This review demonstrates the value of applying a multilevel evolutionary-developmental approach to the analysis of a central feature of human phenotypic variation: LH strategy.	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Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.	JUN	2009	20	2					204	268		10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7				65	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	446SD	WOS:000266140500005	25526958		Y	N	2018-11-12	
J	Scharf, I; Filin, I; Ovadia, O				Scharf, Inon; Filin, Ido; Ovadia, Ofer			A trade-off between growth and starvation endurance in a pit-building antlion	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						Feeding regime; Giving-up density; Growth rate; Myrmeleontidae; Sit-and-wait predators	BODY-SIZE; PREY CONSUMPTION; LIFE-HISTORY; PHYSIOLOGICAL COSTS; PREDATION RISK; PATCH USE; REGRESSION; INSECTS; LARVAE; CONSEQUENCES	Trade-offs have a central role in evolutionary ecology and life-history theory. Here, we present evidence for the existence of a rarely studied trade-off between growth rate and starvation endurance in larvae of a pit-building antlion. We first manipulated antlions' feeding regime and obtained a spectrum of growth rates. Next, we starved the antlions and documented their rate of mass loss. Antlions growing faster during the feeding phase also lost mass faster during the successive starvation period, implying the existence of an induced trade-off between fast growth and starvation endurance. Finally, we fed all antlions with prey items of similar mass and measured both the giving-up prey mass (i.e. the remaining body mass of the prey that was not converted into predator body mass), and growth efficiency of antlions (i.e. proportion of prey consumed, negatively correlated with giving-up prey mass). The giving-up mass was negatively correlated with the growth rate of the antlions during the feeding phase, and positively correlated with their growth rate during the starvation phase (the opposite pattern was evident when examining growth efficiency), incongruently with the common phenomenon of growth compensation (i.e. extracting more of the prey after a starvation period). We suggest that antlion larvae can adopt a physiological mode bounded by two extremes: one extreme is adapted to starvation, involving reduced metabolic rates but also reduced capability to exploit prey, while the other is adapted to fast growth, allowing an efficient exploitation of prey, but at the expense of lowered starvation endurance.	[Scharf, Inon; Filin, Ido; Ovadia, Ofer] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel; [Filin, Ido] Univ Helsinki, Dept Math & Stat, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland	Scharf, I (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.	schari@bgu.ac.il; ido.filin@helsinki.fi; oferovad@bgu.ac.il	Ovadia, Ofer/C-8292-2012		Israel Science Foundation [1084/05, 1399/05]	We would like to thank Wolf Blanckenhorn, Karl Gotthard, Hanna Kokko, Ron Rotkopf, Ido Tsurim and Wouter Vahl for fruitful discussions, and Aziz Subach for helping in the laboratory. The research was supported by Israel Science Foundation Grants 1084/05 and 1399/05 (to O.O.).	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J	Aragon, CF; Mendez, M; Escudero, A				Aragon, Cristina F.; Mendez, Marcos; Escudero, Adrian			SURVIVAL COSTS OF REPRODUCTION IN A SHORT-LIVED PERENNIAL PLANT: LIVE HARD, DIE YOUNG	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						Cistaceae; cost of reproduction; Helianthemum squamatum; life-history theory; Mediterranean; reproductive phenology; semiarid; stress	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SOIL CRUSTS; TRADE-OFFS; ALLOCATION; STORAGE; STRESS; GROWTH; SHRUB; SEED; PHOTOINHIBITION	According to life-history theory, reproductive investments involve costs in terms of growth, future fecundity, and/or survival. However, studies to date have often failed to detect costs of reproduction, with survival costs among the less documented. We investigated the cost of reproduction in Helianthemum squamatum (Cistaceae), a short-lived perennial of semiarid Mediterranean environments. After experimental flower removal, we evaluated next season's growth, reproduction, and survival of the plants. We also monitored an indicator of plant physiological status (F(v)/F(m)) and leaf nutrient concentration at key phenological stages during reproduction. Survival rate in deblossomed plants was significantly higher than in control plants. As far as we know, this is the first experimental evidence of a survival cost of reproduction in a perennial plant. In contrast, no cost to growth or reproduction was found during the next season, and no significant differences in F(v)/F(m) or leaf nutrients were found between control and deblosomed plants. Helianthemum squamatum's success in semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems seems to rely on a persistent seed bank, combined with a sustained high reproductive output at the expense of survival. We conclude that this strategy might be more common than previously thought among short-lived shrubby plants growing in stressful Mediterranean areas.	[Aragon, Cristina F.; Mendez, Marcos; Escudero, Adrian] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, ESCET, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, E-28933 Madrid, Spain	Aragon, CF (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Biol & Geol, ESCET, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, C Tulipan S-N, E-28933 Madrid, Spain.	cristina.fernandez.aragon@urjc.es	Escudero, Adrian/H-5046-2015; Mendez, Marcos/A-3745-2009	Escudero, Adrian/0000-0002-1427-5465; Mendez, Marcos/0000-0002-0144-643X	EXTREM [CGL2006-09431]; REMEDINAL [S-0505/AMB/0335]; F.P.U. fellowship, MEC, Spain [AP2003-3662]	Support of the research projects EXTREM (CGL2006-09431) and REMEDINAL (S-0505/AMB/0335) is gratefully acknowledged. C.F.A. held a F.P.U. fellowship (AP2003-3662, MEC, Spain).	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J	Bonato, M; Evans, MR; Cherry, MI				Bonato, Maud; Evans, Matthew R.; Cherry, Michael I.			Investment in eggs is influenced by male coloration in the ostrich, Struthio camelus	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						courtship display; egg mass; maternal investment; microsatellite marker; ostrich; parentage determination; spectrophotometry; Struthio camelus	MALE ATTRACTIVENESS; MATERNAL TRANSFER; SEXUAL SELECTION; PARENTAL QUALITY; VISUAL PIGMENTS; OIL DROPLETS; ZEBRA FINCH; BIRDS; SIZE; TESTOSTERONE	Life history theory predicts that females should modify their investment in a particular breeding attempt according to the likelihood of its success, as the investment of females in reproduction is typically higher than that of males. The ostrich mating system is promiscuous, and is thus a particularly interesting one in which to investigate differential investment by the sexes. To date, there has been no evidence that female ostriches discriminate between males as potential mates, but the degree of dimorphism in this promiscuous species and the variation in chick size within clutches suggest that differential maternal investment is likely. We investigated the relationship between egg mass and coloration of the feathers, bill, neck and legs of 15 male ostriches, maintained in a breeding flock at an ostrich farm in South Africa. Paternity was determined using microsatellite markers. We found that the colour of the neck, white and black body feathers, and the brightness of black feathers, predicted egg mass. These traits are exposed during the male courtship display, so we suggest that these visual cues influence the degree of maternal investment in eggs through their influence on female perception of mate quality. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Bonato, Maud; Cherry, Michael I.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa; [Evans, Matthew R.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England	Bonato, M (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa.	mbonato@sun.ac.za		Bonato, Maud/0000-0002-0790-0859; Evans, Matthew/0000-0002-5630-7621	National Research Fund of South Africa	We gratefully thank the National Research Fund of South Africa for financial support, the Oudtshoorn Experimental Farm, and especially Schalk Cloete, Zanell Brand, Stefan Engelbrecht and Basie P. ster for assistance in taking care of the birds and data collection, as well as Amanda Bretman, for valuable support and advice during the parentage determination.	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MAY	2009	77	5					1027	1032		10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.019				6	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	434OL	WOS:000265283900007					2018-11-12	
J	de la Hera, I; Perez-Tris, J; Telleria, JL				de la Hera, Ivan; Perez-Tris, Javier; Telleria, Jose Luis			Migratory behaviour affects the trade-off between feather growth rate and feather quality in a passerine bird	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						bird migration; individual quality; moult; ptilochronology; Sylvia atricapilla	BLACKCAPS SYLVIA-ATRICAPILLA; SEDENTARY BLACKCAPS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MOLT STRATEGIES; SOUTHERN IBERIA; EVOLUTION; PTILOCHRONOLOGY; MECHANISM; KERATIN; COSTS	Migratory birds have less time for moulting than sedentary birds, which may force them to produce their feathers faster at the expense of reducing feather quality. However, the effects of migration on the trade-off between moult speed and plumage quality remain to be studied in natural populations. We analysed the relationship between growth rate and quality of individual feathers, taking advantage of natural variation between migratory and sedentary populations of blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla. As predicted by life-history theory, individual blackcaps showed variable individual quality, which was revealed by positive correlations between feather growth rate and feather mass within populations. However, migrants grew up their feathers faster, producing lighter feathers than sedentary blackcaps. These results support the idea that feather growth rate and feather quality are traded against each other in blackcaps. Such a trade-off is apparently caused by different selection associated to migratory and sedentary life styles, which opens new insights into the diversification of moult patterns in birds. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 97, 98-105.	[de la Hera, Ivan; Perez-Tris, Javier; Telleria, Jose Luis] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Zool & Antropol Fis, Fac Biol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain	de la Hera, I (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Zool & Antropol Fis, Fac Biol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.	idelahera@bio.ucm.es	Telleria, Jose Luis/K-2944-2013; Perez-Tris, Javier/D-4087-2012; Evolution and Conservation Biology, UCM Group/K-9382-2014; de la Hera, Ivan/C-3652-2011	Telleria, Jose Luis/0000-0001-6170-8860; Perez-Tris, Javier/0000-0001-5535-3100; 	Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2004-02744/BOS]; Department of Education; Universities and Research of the Basque Government	We thank R. Carbonell and A. Ramirez for help during fieldwork, and J. A. Diaz, A. Ramirez and two anonymous referees for insightful comments on an earlier draft. All birds were captured under license from Junta de Andalucia. This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Project CGL2004-02744/BOS to J.L.T. and a Ramon y Cajal fellowship to J.P.) and the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government (PhD studentship to I.H.).	Aparicio JM, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P397; Bearhop S, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P502, DOI 10.1126/science.1115661; Bennett P. 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J	Westneat, DF; Stewart, IRK; Hatch, MI				Westneat, David F.; Stewart, Ian R. K.; Hatch, Margret I.			Complex interactions among temporal variables affect the plasticity of clutch size in a multi-brooded bird	ECOLOGY			English	Article						developmental flexibility; gene x environment interaction; House Sparrow; life history; Passer domesticus; reaction norm; senescence	IN-HOUSE SPARROWS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REACTION NORMS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEASONAL DECLINE; BREEDING BIOLOGY; EGG-PRODUCTION; GREAT TITS	Phenotypic plasticity is a widespread phenomenon and may have important influences on evolutionary processes. Multidimensional plasticity, in which multiple environmental variables affect a phenotype, is especially interesting if there are interactions among these variables. We used a long-term data set from House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), a multi-brooded passerine bird, to test several predictions from life-history theory regarding the shape of optimal reaction norms for clutch size. The best-fit model for variation in clutch size included three temporal variables (the order of attempt within a season, the date of those attempts, and the age of the female). Clutch size was also sensitive to the quadratics of date and female age, both of which had negative coefficients. Finally, we found that the relationship between date and clutch size became more negative as attempt order increased. These results suggest that female sparrows have a multidimensional reaction norm for clutch size that matches predictions of life-history theory but also implicates more complexity than can be captured by any single model. Analysis of the sources of variation in reaction norm height and slope was complicated by the additional environmental dimensions. We found significant individual variation in mean clutch size in all analyses, indicating that individuals differed in the height of their clutch size reaction norm. By contrast, we found no evidence of significant individual heterogeneity in the slopes of several dimensions. We assess the possible mechanisms producing this reaction norm and discuss their implications for understanding complex plasticity.	[Westneat, David F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; Univ Kentucky, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Behav, Lexington, KY 40506 USA	Westneat, DF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, 101 Morgan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.	biodfw@uky.edu			National Science Foundation [IBN 9816989, IOS-0073239, IOB 0542097]; NSF-Kentucky EPSCoR program; NIH KyBRIN program; University of Kentucky	We thank the staff at the University of Kentucky's Agricultural Experiment Station, particularly the barn managers on Maine Chance, for their cooperation with this study. We are also deeply indebted to a large number of people who contributed to the fieldwork, especially the following who were involved in multiple seasons: K. Hopper, S. Sloane, R. Hanschu, J. Poston, T. Kinnard, and R. Edenfield. This study was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (IBN 9816989, IOS-0073239, and IOB 0542097), by the NSF-Kentucky EPSCoR program, by the NIH KyBRIN program, and by the University of Kentucky. Comments on the manuscript were provided by J. Brommer, A. Ensminger, C. Fox, P. Hartman, S. Martin, L. Rowe, T. Sesterhenn, B. Sousa, D. Wetzel, and two anonymous reviewers.	ANDERSON TR, 1994, WILSON BULL, V106, P537; Anderson TR, 2006, BIOL UBIQUITOUS HOUS; Bennett P. M., 2002, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BOUTIN S, 1990, CAN J ZOOL, V68, P203, DOI 10.1139/z90-031; Brommer JE, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P1362; Brommer JE, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P229; Burnham K. 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J	Lawson, DW; Mace, R				Lawson, David W.; Mace, Ruth			Trade-offs in modern parenting: a longitudinal study of sibling competition for parental care	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Parental investment; Sibling competition; Life history theory; Demographic transition; ALSPAC	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-SELECTION; BIRTH-ORDER; INTELLECTUAL-DEVELOPMENT; DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; ALBUQUERQUE MEN; CHILDREN; INVESTMENT	Evolutionary and economic models of the family propose that parents face a fundamental trade-off between fertility and investment per offspring. However, tests of this hypothesis have focused primarily on offspring outcomes rather than direct measures of parental investment. Existing studies of parenting also suffer a number of methodological problems now recognized as common sources of error in sociodemographic studies. Here, we present a more definitive picture of the effects of family structure on parental care by analyzing an extensive longitudinal dataset of contemporary British families (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children). Unlike other studies, we simultaneously track maternal and paternal behaviors within the same family and consider variation both across time and between distinct population subgroups. Parental investment was measured as frequency of engagement in key care activities over the first decade of life. For both parents, larger family size was traded off against investment per offspring, representing the strongest explanatory variable considered in our analysis. However, contrary to the predictions of traditional quantity-quality trade-off models, increasing family socioeconomic status did not alleviate this effect. In fact, for paternal care in particular, increases in wealth and education created stronger trade-offs. We also demonstrate that large sibships were particularly costly for later-born offspring. Sex of siblings did not influence parental care, however maternal investment was biased towards daughters and paternal investment biased towards sons. Unrelated father figures were also associated with lower investment from both parents. Results are discussed in relation to parental investment theory and evolutionary models of modem low fertility. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Lawson, David W.; Mace, Ruth] UCL, Dept Anthropol, London WC1H 0BW, England	Lawson, DW (reprint author), UCL, Dept Anthropol, London WC1H 0BW, England.	d.lawson@ucl.ac.uk		Mace, Ruth/0000-0002-6137-7739	UK Medical Resource Council; Wellcome Trust; University of Bristol; Economic and Social Research Council; Medical Research Council [G9815508]	We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. In particular, we thank Dr Jon Heron for his essential assistance with data management. The UK Medical Resource Council, the Wellcome Trust, and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This research was funded by an Economic and Social Research Council studentship to the first author. We thank Laura Fortunato, Kesson Magid and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on an early version of this manuscript.	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MAY	2009	30	3					170	183		10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.12.001				14	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences	437HY	WOS:000265478900003					2018-11-12	
J	Meij, JJ; Bodegom, D; Ziem, JB; Amankwa, J; Polderman, AM; Kirkwood, TBL; De Craen, AJM; Zwaan, BJ; Westendorp, RGJ				Meij, J. J.; Van Bodegom, D.; Ziem, J. B.; Amankwa, J.; Polderman, A. M.; Kirkwood, T. B. L.; De Craen, A. J. M.; Zwaan, B. J.; Westendorp, R. G. J.			Quality-quantity trade-off of human offspring under adverse environmental conditions	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						Africa; fertility; life-history theory; offspring survival; quality-quantity trade-off; reproductive succes	CHILD-MORTALITY; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; LIFE-HISTORIES; FERTILITY; SIZE; FITNESS; REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTION; FECUNDITY; INFANT	A central paradigm in life-history theory is the trade-off between offspring number and quality. Several studies have investigated this trade-off in humans, but data are inconclusive, perhaps because prosperous socio-cultural factors mask the trade-off. Therefore, we studied 2461 offspring groups in an area under adverse conditions in northern Ghana with high fertility and mortality rates. In a linear mixed model controlling for differences in age and tribe of the mother and socioeconomic status, each additional child in the offspring group resulted in a 2.3% (95% CI 1.9-2.6%, P < 0.001) lower proportional survival of the offspring. Furthermore, we made use of the polygamous population structure and compared offspring of co-wives in 388 households, thus controlling for variation in resources between compounds. Here, offspring survival decreased 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-4.0%, P < 0.001) for each increase in offspring number. We interpret these data as an apparent quality-quantity trade-off in human offspring.	[Meij, J. J.; Van Bodegom, D.; De Craen, A. J. M.; Westendorp, R. G. J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gerontol & Geriatr, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands; [Ziem, J. B.] Univ Dev Studies, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Tamale, Ghana; [Amankwa, J.] Ghana Hlth Serv, Accra, Ghana; [Polderman, A. M.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Parasitol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands; [Kirkwood, T. B. L.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Ageing & Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England; [Zwaan, B. J.] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands	Bodegom, D (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gerontol & Geriatr, POB 9600, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands.	d.van_bodegom@lumc.nl	Zwaan, Bas/D-8721-2015	Zwaan, Bas/0000-0002-8221-4998; Ziem, Juventus/0000-0002-5130-8764	Netherlands Foundation for the advancements of Tropical Research [WOTRO 93-467]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [NWO 051-14-050]; EU [FP6 036894]; Board of the Leiden University Medical Center; Stichting Dioraphte; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C008200/1]; Medical Research Council [G0700718B]	We have no conflict of interest. This research was supported by the Netherlands Foundation for the advancements of Tropical Research (grant number WOTRO 93-467), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO 051-14-050), the EU funded Network of Excellence LifeSpan (FP6 036894) an unrestricted grant of the Board of the Leiden University Medical Center and the Stichting Dioraphte. None of these organizations had any role in the design, analysis, interpretation or report of the study.; This research would also not have been possible without the dedication and hard work of all the fieldworkers from the Garu-Tempane district in the Upper East Region from Ghana. We especially thank Laar Baya Daniel, Konlan Nijagben Moses, Marleen van der Vorm, Yasha van den Berg, Diana Plug and Kombat Bakpen John for assisting in the fieldwork and Prof. J.P. Vandenbroucke and Dr R. Sear for their thoughtful comments.	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Evol. Biol.	MAY	2009	22	5					1014	1023		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01713.x				10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	434CF	WOS:000265252100010	19298492	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Wang, Y; Li, Y; Wu, Z; Murray, BR				Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Wu, Z.; Murray, B. R.			Insular shifts and trade-offs in life-history traits in pond frogs in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						body size; clutch size; egg size; insular shifts; life-history theory; trade-off; total reproductive effort	EGG-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; DIVERGENT SELECTION; BREEDING STRATEGIES; ISLAND POPULATIONS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; OFFSPRING SIZE; RESIDUALS VS.; SEED BEETLE; ECOLOGY	Island and mainland populations of animal species often differ strikingly in life-history traits such as clutch size, egg size, total reproductive effort and body size. However, despite widespread recognition of insular shifts in these life-history traits in birds, mammals and reptiles, there have been no reports of such life-history shifts in amphibians. Furthermore, most studies have focused on one specific life-history trait without explicit consideration of coordinated evolution among these intimately linked life-history traits, and thus the relationships among these traits are poorly studied. Here we provide the first evidence of insular shifts and trade-offs in a coordinated suite of life-history traits for an amphibian species, the pond frog Rana nigromaculata. Life-history data were collected from eight islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago and neighboring mainland China. We found consistent, significant shifts in all life-history traits between mainland and island populations. Island populations had smaller clutch sizes, larger egg sizes, larger female body size and invested less in total reproductive effort than mainland populations. Significant negative relationships were found between egg size and clutch size and between egg size and total reproductive effort among frog populations after controlling for the effects of body size. Therefore, decreased reproductive effort and clutch size, larger egg size and body size in pond frogs on islands were selected through trade-offs as an overall life-history strategy. Our findings contribute to the formation of a broad, repeatable ecological generality for insular shifts in life-history traits across a range of terrestrial vertebrate taxa.	[Wang, Y.; Li, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China; [Wang, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Wang, Y.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Wu, Z.] Guangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guilin, Guangxi, Peoples R China; [Murray, B. R.] Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Broadway, NSW, Australia	Wang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Datun Rd, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.	liym@ioz.ac.cn		Murray, Brad/0000-0002-4734-5976	'973' program [2007CB411600]	We thank Shai Meiri and Jon Loman for constructive comments on the paper. This study was supported by a grant from the '973' program (code: 2007CB411600).	ADLER GH, 1994, Q REV BIOL, V69, P473, DOI 10.1086/418744; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; ANDREN C, 1983, Amphibia-Reptilia, V4, P63, DOI 10.1163/156853883X00274; ANDREWS R. 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J	Satterthwaite, WH; Beakes, MP; Collins, EM; Swank, DR; Merz, JE; Titus, RG; Sogard, SM; Mangel, M				Satterthwaite, William H.; Beakes, Michael P.; Collins, Erin M.; Swank, David R.; Merz, Joseph E.; Titus, Robert G.; Sogard, Susan M.; Mangel, Marc			Steelhead Life History on California's Central Coast: Insights from a State-Dependent Model	TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY			English	Article							SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; KEOGH RIVER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; SEXUAL-MATURATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; SMOLT SIZE; GROWTH	Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss display a dizzying array of lite history variation (including the purely resident form, rainbow trout), We developed a model for female steelhead in coastal California (close to the southern boundary of their range) in small coastal streams. We combined proximate (physiological) and ultimate (expected reproductive success) considerations to generalize the notion of a threshold size for emigration or maturity through the development of a state-dependent life history theory. The model involves strategies that depend on age, size or condition, and recent rates of change in size or condition during specific periods (decision windows) in advance of the actual smolting or spawning event. This is the first study in which such a model is fully parameterized based oil data collected entirely front California steelhead populations, the majority of data coming from two watersheds the rnouths of whose rivers are separated by less than 8 kin along the coast of Santa Cruz County. We predicted the occurrence of resident life histories and the distribution of sizes and ages at smolting for steelhead rearing in the upstream habitats of these streams. We compared these predictions with empirical results and show that the theory call explain the observed pattern and variation.	[Satterthwaite, William H.; Beakes, Michael P.; Swank, David R.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Beakes, Michael P.; Swank, David R.; Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; [Collins, Erin M.; Titus, Robert G.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA; [Merz, Joseph E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Merz, Joseph E.] Cramer Fish Sci, Auburn, CA 95603 USA	Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	satterth@darwin.ucsc.edu		Satterthwaite, William/0000-0002-0436-7390	CALFED Science Program [SCI-05-140, U-05-SC-40]	This material is based upon work Supported by the CALFED Science Program Under grant SCI-05-140, grantee agreement U-05-SC-40. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED Science Program. We also thank S. Hayes, M. Bond, and C. Hanson for sharing Unpublished data and ideas and B. Ward for helpful discussions.	ADAMS BL, 1975, T AM FISH SOC, V104, P766, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<766:IOSWSA>2.0.CO;2; Allen G. H., 1960, Copeia, P260; ALLEN MA, 1986, THESIS HUMBOLDT STAT; BERGLUND I, 1992, CAN J ZOOL, V70, P205, DOI 10.1139/z92-032; Bley P. W., 1988, US FISH WILDLIFE SER, V88; Bond MH, 2008, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V65, P2242, DOI 10.1139/F08-131; BURNS JW, 1971, CALIF FISH GAME, V57, P44; Busby P. 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J	Monkkonen, M; Forsman, JT; Kananoja, T; Ylonen, H				Monkkonen, Mikko; Forsman, Jukka T.; Kananoja, Tiina; Ylonen, Hannu			Indirect cues of nest predation risk and avian reproductive decisions	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						life-history variation; nest predation; information value	CLUTCH SIZE; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; FOOD; SITE	Current life-history theory predicts that increased mortality at early stages of life leads to reduced initial investment (e. g. clutch size) but increased subsequent investment during the reproduction attempt. In a field experiment, migratory pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca perceived differences in mammalian nest predation risk and altered their reproductive strategies in two respects. First, birds avoided nest sites manipulated to reflect the presence of a predator. Second, birds breeding in risky areas nested 4 days earlier and laid 10 per cent larger clutches than those in safe areas, a result that runs counter to the prevailing life-history paradigm. We suggest that the overwhelming importance of nest predation to individual fitness reduces the value of collecting other information on habitat features leading to expedited onset of nesting, and, consequently, to larger clutch size.	[Monkkonen, Mikko; Kananoja, Tiina] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland; [Ylonen, Hannu] Univ Jyvaskyla, Konnevesi Res Stn, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland; [Forsman, Jukka T.] Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Oulu 90014, Finland	Monkkonen, M (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 35, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland.	mikko.monkkonen@jyu.fi	Monkkonen, Mikko/A-2821-2011; Forsman, Jukka/H-5345-2012		Finnish Biological Society, Vanamo; Academy of Finland [7115560]	This study was financially supported by the Finnish Biological Society, Vanamo (to T. K.) and the Academy of Finland (project no. 7115560 to M. M.). We are grateful to H. Nisu for assistance in the field. J. J. Fontaine, J. Nocera, J.- T. Seppanen, J. O. Wolff and two anonymous referees provided suggestions to improve the manuscript.	Amo L, 2008, FUNCT ECOL, V22, P289, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01361.x; Caro T., 2005, ANTIPREDATOR DEFENCE; Dall SRX, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P187, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.01.010; Doligez B, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2582, DOI 10.1890/02-3116; Eggers S, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P701, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3373; Fontaine JJ, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P428, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00892.x; Lack D., 1968, ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIO; Lundberg A, 1992, PIED FLYCATCHER; Manly BF, 1997, RANDOMIZATION BOOTST; Martin TE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2287, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1281; MARTIN TE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P101, DOI 10.2307/2937160; Ricklefs R. E., 1969, SMITHSON CONTRIB ZOO, V9, P1, DOI [DOI 10.5479/SI.00810282.9, 10.5479/si.00810282.9]; Roff DA, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1425, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x; Siikamaki P, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1789, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1789:LORSBF]2.0.CO;2; Steiger SS, 2008, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V275, P2309, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0607; Winnie J, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V61, P277, DOI 10.1007/s00265-006-0258-1	16	29	30	1	23	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	APR 23	2009	5	2					176	178		10.1098/rsbl.2008.0631				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	421PX	WOS:000264371900010	19126533	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Medeiros, MC; Freed, LA				Medeiros, Matthew C.; Freed, Leonard A.			A FLEDGLING-MASS THRESHOLD GREATLY AFFECTS JUVENILE SURVIVAL IN THE HAWAII AKEPA (LOXOPS COCCINEUS COCCINEUS)	AUK			English	Article						fledgling quality; Hawaii Akepa; juvenile survival; life history; Loxops coccineus; recruitment	TITS PARUS-MAJOR; EXTENDED PARENTAL CARE; NESTLING WEIGHT; CLUTCH SIZE; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FLEDGING MASS; EGG SIZE; BIRDS; FOOD	Offspring quality is all important issue in avian life-history theory, particularly with regard to birds that have low reproductive rates and extended parental care. Offspring mass has been identified as an indicator of quality in several bird species. These studies have shown that nestling mass is predictive Of Offspring survival outside the nest, but few studies have considered the role of fledgling mass. Mass during the fledgling period may change and influence juvenile Survival. Fledgling mass may be especially relevant for tropical birds that have very long fledgling periods during which food conditions randomly, or seasonally change. Here, we show that fledgling mass predicts juvenile survival in the Hawaii Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus), an endangered Hawaiian Honeycrceper with high annual adult survival and a two-egg Clutch. Juvenile survival of Hawaii Akepa approximated a trimodal pattern of no survival, low Survival, and high survival that corresponded to ascending mass classes. Fledglings in the highest mass class had an apparent juvenile survival probability that was more than double that of fledglings of the lower mass classes and that was statistically indistinguishable from Survival rates of adults. This mass-dependent juvenile survival has important implications for understanding the life-history evolution and population biology of the Hawaii Akepa and perhaps of other tropical birds. Received 16 January 2008,accepted,31 October 2008.	[Medeiros, Matthew C.; Freed, Leonard A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA	Medeiros, MC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.	matthewmedeiros@umsl.edu					Both C, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0660; BROCKELMAN WY, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P677, DOI 10.1086/283037; Burnham K. 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J	Poykko, H				Poykko, Heikki			Egg maturation and oviposition strategy of a capital breeder, Cleorodes lichenaria, feeding on lichens at the larval stage	ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						Egg maturation; egg number and weight; fecundity function; life-history theory; ovigeny index; ovipositions	BODY-SIZE; AMINO-ACIDS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PARASITOID WASPS; LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SATYRID BUTTERFLIES; FEMALE BUTTERFLIES	1. Capital breeders rely solely on resources acquired before breeding, whereas income breeders may obtain considerable amounts of resources following the commencement of reproduction. In income breeders oviposition occurs over a longer time period with a small number of eggs ready to be laid at the start of adult life, whereas capital breeders reproduce more rapidly and contain higher numbers of mature eggs at eclosion relative to potential fecundity. 2. This study explored egg maturation and oviposition strategy of a nocturnal geometrid moth, Cleorodes lichenaria. It was predicted, based on the long larval period of C. lichenaria and the known biology of other geometrids, that this lichen-feeding geometrid moth concentrates egg production at the beginning of its breeding period and that external nutrients have a limited role on its fecundity. 3. Approximately 46% of eggs were ready to be laid in newly hatched females and approximately 40% of their potential fecundity was realised during the first night, after which the number and the weight of eggs decreased steadily. Feeding or drinking did not increase the fecundity of females. Pupal mass correlated positively with realised fecundity and ovigeny index. 4. Reproduction of C. lichenaria is based solely on larval-derived resources. It is suggested that females are able to resorb thoracic tissues to increase fecundity and that this ability is probably linked to relatively long lifespan and low ovigeny index of this species, characteristics rarely observed in other geometrid moths.	Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, Oulu 90014, Finland	Poykko, H (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Biol, POB 3000, Oulu 90014, Finland.	heikki.poykko@oulu.fi			Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Oulu; Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth's Foundation; Finnish Cultural Foundation	This study was funded by the Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Oulu, Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth's Foundation and Finnish Cultural Foundation. I am indebted to all members of our research group for their invaluable comments and constructive suggestions on the manuscript. I'm also grateful to an anonymous referee and to Mark Jervis for his valuable comments and guidance on literature regarding insect egg maturation strategies.	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Entomol.	APR	2009	34	2					254	261		10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01064.x				8	Entomology	Entomology	444YC	WOS:000266015800011					2018-11-12	
J	Gurven, M; Fenelon, A				Gurven, Michael; Fenelon, Andrew			HAS ACTUARIAL AGING "SLOWED" OVER THE PAST 250 YEARS ? A COMPARISON OF SMALL-SCALE SUBSISTENCE POPULATIONS AND EUROPEAN COHORTS	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Biodemography of aging; England; hunter-gatherers; life-history theory; mortality; senescence; Sweden; Williams's hypothesis	HUMAN LIFE-SPANS; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORIES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MORTALITY-RATE; RECENT TRENDS; OLDER MEN; SENESCENCE; LONGEVITY; DISEASE; HEALTH	G.C. Williams's 1957 hypothesis famously argues that higher age-independent, or "extrinsic," mortality should select for faster rates of senescence. Long-lived species should therefore show relatively few deaths from extrinsic causes such as predation and starvation. Theoretical explorations and empirical tests of Williams's hypothesis have flourished in the past decade but it has not yet been tested empirically among humans. We test Williams's hypothesis using mortality data from subsistence populations and from historical cohorts from Sweden and England/Wales, and examine whether rates of actuarial aging declined over the past two centuries. We employ three aging measures: mortality rate doubling time (MRDT), Ricklefs's omega, and the slope of mortality hazard from ages 60-70, m'(60-70), and model mortality using both Weibull and Gompertz-Makeham hazard models. We find that (1) actuarial aging in subsistence societies is similar to that of early Europe, (2) actuarial senescence has slowed in later European cohorts, (3) reductions in extrinsic mortality associate with slower actuarial aging in longitudinal samples, and (4) men senesce more rapidly than women, especially in later cohorts. To interpret these results, we attempt to bridge population-based evolutionary analysis with individual-level proximate mechanisms.	[Gurven, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Fenelon, Andrew] Univ Penn, Ctr Populat Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA	Gurven, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	gurven@anth.ucsb.edu; afenelon@sas.upenn.edu		Gurven, Michael/0000-0002-5661-527X	National Science Foundation [BCS-0422690]; National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging [R01AG024119-01]	We are grateful to P. Abrams, D. Ewbank, T. Finch, K. Hill, R. Ricklefs, A. Veile, R. Walker, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. Research funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0422690) and National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (R01AG024119-01).	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J	Eraud, C; Jacquet, A; Faivre, B				Eraud, Cyril; Jacquet, Anne; Faivre, Bruno			SURVIVAL COST OF AN EARLY IMMUNE SOLICITING IN NATURE	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Birds; fitness cost; free-ranging vertebrate; immune defenses; survival	TRADE-OFFS; PREDATION RISK; STREPTOPELIA-DECAOCTO; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; NESTLING WEIGHT; MARKED ANIMALS; GREAT; IMMUNOLOGY; BEHAVIOR	If immune functions confer obvious benefits to hosts, life-history theory assumes that they also induce costs, leading to trade-offs between immunity and other fitness components. However, whether substantial fitness costs are associated with immune systems in the wild is debatable, as numerous factors may influence the costs and benefits associated with immune activation. Here, we explore the survival cost of immune deployment in postfledging birds. We injected Eurasian collared dove nestlings (Streptopelia decaocto) with antigens from Escherichia coli, and examined whether this immune challenge affected survival after fledging. To assess survival, birds were fitted with radiotags and the fate of each individual was monitored regularly. Our results show that mimicking a bacterial infection in nestlings lowered their survival prospects after fledging, in comparison to controls. The main identified cause of mortality (by examination of dead birds) was presumed to be predation. This study provides experimental evidence that immune activation may entail dramatic survival costs in a free-ranging vertebrate, and emphasizes the potential role that environmental factors such as predation may play in this interaction.	[Eraud, Cyril] CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Direct Etud Rech, Off Nat Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; [Eraud, Cyril; Jacquet, Anne; Faivre, Bruno] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5561, Equipe Ecol Evolut, F-21000 Dijon, France	Eraud, C (reprint author), CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, Direct Etud Rech, Off Nat Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France.	cyril.eraud@oncfs.gouv.fr; anne.jacquet@u-bourgogne.fr; bruno.faivre@u-bourgogne.fr			ONCFS, REgion Bourgogne, European Social Funding [ANR NT05-2_45491]	Birds were caught under license from the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS, C. E. permit no.16) and experiments were carried out in compliance with European legal requirements and with the permission of the national conservation authority (European convention, ETS no. 123, B. F. permit no. 21-CAE-085). This study was funded by ONCFS, REgion Bourgogne, European Social Funding (Research grant to CE) and ANR NT05-2_45491 to BF. Many thanks are due to J-M. Boutin for help with logistic facilities. G. Sorci and M. Cherry provided helpful comments on an early draft. We are grateful to the associate Editor (P. Tiffin) and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions.	Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, AM NAT, V164, P651, DOI 10.1086/424971; Aubert A, 1997, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V11, P229, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1997.0503; Bonneaud C, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P367, DOI 10.1086/346134; Briskie JV, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2153, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0902; CACCAMISE DF, 1985, WILSON BULL, V97, P306; Christe P, 1996, BEHAV ECOL, V7, P127, DOI 10.1093/beheco/7.2.127; Clayton D. 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J	Harding, AMA; Kitaysky, AS; Hall, ME; Welcker, J; Karnovsky, NJ; Talbot, SL; Hamer, KC; Gremillet, D				Harding, Ann M. A.; Kitaysky, Alexander S.; Hall, Margaret E.; Welcker, Jorg; Karnovsky, Nina J.; Talbot, Sandra L.; Hamer, Keith C.; Gremillet, David			Flexibility in the parental effort of an Arctic-breeding seabird	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						body mass; compensatory care; condition; corticosterone; little auk	AUK ALLE-ALLE; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; THICK-BILLED MURRES; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; MASS-LOSS; BODY CONDITION; REPRODUCTIVE COSTS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION	1. Parental investment strategies are considered to represent a trade-off between the benefits of investment in current offspring and costs to future reproduction. Due to their high residual reproductive value, long-lived organisms are predicted to be more reluctant to increase parental effort. 2. We tested the hypothesis that breeding little auks (Alle alle) have a fixed level of reproductive investment, and thus reduce parental effort when costs associated with reproduction increase. 3. To test this hypothesis we experimentally increased the flight costs of breeding little auks via feather clipping. In 2005 we examined changes in the condition of manipulated parents, of the mates of manipulated parents, and of their chick as direct measures of change in parental resource allocation between self-maintenance and current reproduction. In 2007 we increased sample sizes to determine whether there was a physiological cost ( elevated corticosterone, CORT) associated with the manipulation. 4. We found that: (i) clipped birds and their mates lost more body mass than controls, but there was no difference in mass loss between members of a pair; (ii) clipped birds had higher CORT levels than control birds; (iii) there were no inter-annual differences in body mass and CORT levels between clipped individuals and their mates at recapture, and (iv) chicks with a clipped parent had lower peak and fledging mass, and higher CORT levels than control chicks in both years. 5. Contrary to our hypothesis, the reduction in body mass of partners to clipped birds suggests that little auks can increase parental effort to some extent. Nonetheless, the lower fledging mass and higher CORT of chicks with a clipped parent indicates provisioning rates may not have been fully maintained. 6. As predicted by life-history theory, there may be a threshold to the additional reproductive costs breeders will accept, with parents prioritizing self-maintenance over increased provisioning effort when foraging costs become too high.	[Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Kitaysky, Alexander S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Hall, Margaret E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England; [Welcker, Jorg] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Karnovsky, Nina J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91771 USA; [Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA; [Hamer, Keith C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Gremillet, David] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France	Harding, AMA (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.	aharding@usgs.gov	Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; Hall, Maggie/C-7906-2009		French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor [388]; National Science Foundation [0612504, 0346770]; USGS-Alaska Science Center; NPRB [RO320]	Many thanks to H. Routti, J. Fort, R. Orben, E. Weston, M. Anne Pella-Donnelly, and K. Holser for their incredible energy and assistance in the field, and M. Munck, NANU Travel, C. Egevang, F. Delbart, T. and T. Fischbach, and R. and J. Harding for their essential logistical support. We thank Z. Kitaiskaia for her expertly performed hormonal assays, and J. Schmutz, and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on the manuscript. This project was funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (Grant 388) to DG, and the National Science Foundation (grant 0612504 to AH and NJK), and was supported by USGS-Alaska Science Center. Additional funding was provided by NPRB grant #RO320 and NSF EPSCoR NSF #0346770 to ASK. All field work in East Greenland was conducted with the permission of the Greenland Home Rule Government, Ministry of Environment and Nature (Danish Polar Center Scientific Expedition Permit 512-240), and under permits of the Ethics Committee of the French Polar Institute (MP/12/24/05/05). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.	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APR	2009	23	2					348	358		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01488.x				11	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	418YH	WOS:000264185500015		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Shennan, S				Shennan, Stephen			Evolutionary Demography and the Population History of the European Early Neolithic	HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article						EVOLUTIONARY DEMOGRAPHY; NEOLITHIC; AGRICULTURAL SPREAD; EUROPE; ALDENHOVENER PLATTE; LINEAR POTTERY CULTURE (LBK); DEMIC DIFFUSION; IDEAL DESPOTIC DISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL POPULATION ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE SKEW THEORY	CONSTANT ENVIRONMENTS; ANCIENT DNA; TRANSITION; FARMERS; PERSPECTIVE; STRATEGIES; FERTILITY; ECOLOGY; HUMANS; DIET	In this paper I propose that evolutionary demography and associated theory from human behavioral ecology provide a strong basis for explaining the available evidence for the patterns observed in the first agricultural settlement of Europe in the 7th-5th millennium cal. BC, linking together a variety of what have previously been disconnected observations and casting doubt on some long-standing existing models. An outline of relevant aspects of life history theory, which provides the foundation for understanding demography, is followed by a review of large-scale demographic patterns in the early Neolithic, which point to rapid population increase and a process of demic diffusion. More localized socioeconomic and demographic patterns suggesting rapid expansion to local carrying capacities and an associated growth of inequality in the earliest farming communities of central Europe (the Linear Pottery Culture, or LBK) are then outlined and shown to correspond to predictions of spatial population ecology and reproductive skew theory. Existing models of why it took so long for farming to spread to northern and northwest Europe, which explain the spread in terms of the gradual disruption of hunter-gatherer ways of life, are then questioned in light of evidence for population collapse at the end of the LBK. Finally, some broader implications of the study are presented, including the suggestion that the pattern of an initial agricultural boom followed by a bust may be relevant in other parts of the world.	[Shennan, Stephen] UCL, Inst Archaeol, London WC1H 0PY, England; [Shennan, Stephen] UCL, AHRC Ctr Evolut Cultural Divers, London WC1H 0PY, England	Shennan, S (reprint author), UCL, Inst Archaeol, 31-34 Gordon Sq, London WC1H 0PY, England.			Shennan, Stephen/0000-0001-6605-064X			Ammerman A. 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APR-JUN	2009	81	2-3			SI		339	355		10.3378/027.081.0312				17	Anthropology; Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity	647TW	WOS:000281643300012	19943750	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Lang, FR; Wagner, J; Neyer, FJ				Lang, Frieder R.; Wagner, Jenny; Neyer, Franz J.			Interpersonal functioning across the lifespan: Two principles of relationship regulation	ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH			English	Article						Aging; Social exchange; Reciprocity; Kinship; Psychological closeness; Adulthood	SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; OLDER-ADULTS; SOCIOEMOTIONAL SELECTIVITY; CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS; RECIPROCITY; SUPPORT; AGE; PERSONALITY; EVOLUTION; QUALITY	What are the behavioral and cognitive mechanisms that constitute diversity in the fabric of social relationships across the lifespan? Interpersonal functioning across the lifespan reflects principles of life-course sociology, and evolutionary life history theory. Variability, elasticity and dynamics of interpersonal contexts across the lifespan reflect the capability of humans to adapt to challenges and constraints of their environment. We submit an integrative framework of relationship regulation across the lifespan that builds on two basic psychological principles of social behavior: the regulation of closeness and the monitoring of reciprocity. The two mechanisms are illustrated in relation to age-specific demands and challenges across the lifespan. We discuss the interplay, salience and functions of the two principles of relationship regulation with respect to specific adaptive effects of social relationships in different lifespan contexts. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Lang, Frieder R.; Wagner, Jenny] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Psychogerontol, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; [Neyer, Franz J.] Univ Jena, Inst Psychol, D-6900 Jena, Germany	Lang, FR (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Psychogerontol, Naegelsbachstr 25, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.	flang@geronto.uni-erlangen.de; wagner@geronto.uni-erlangen.de; franz.neyer@uni-jena.de	Lang, Frieder/A-9846-2012	Lang, Frieder/0000-0002-2660-1619			ACKERMAN JM, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P274; Antonucci T. 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Life Course Res.	MAR-JUN	2009	14	1-2					40	51		10.1016/j.alcr.2009.03.004				12	Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary	Social Sciences - Other Topics	V16JD	WOS:000207865000005					2018-11-12	
J	Fischer, B; Taborsky, B; Dieckmann, U				Fischer, Barbara; Taborsky, Barbara; Dieckmann, Ulf			Unexpected Patterns of Plastic Energy Allocation in Stochastic Environments	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						phenotypic plasticity; stochastic environment; energy allocation; reproductive investment	OPTIMAL REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LIFE-HISTORY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY; REACTION NORMS; FAT RESERVES; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTION; COSTS	When environmental conditions vary stochastically, individuals accrue fitness benefits by exhibiting phenotypic plasticity. Here we analyze a general dynamic-programming model describing an individual's optimal energy allocation in a stochastic environment. After maturation, individuals repeatedly decide how to allocate incoming energy between reproduction and maintenance. We analyze the optimal fraction of energy invested in reproduction and the resultant degree of plasticity in dependence on environmental variability and predictability. Our analyses reveal unexpected patterns of optimal energy allocation. When energy availability is low, all energy is allocated to reproduction, although this implies that individuals will not survive after reproduction. Above a certain threshold of energy availability, the optimal reproductive investment decreases to a minimum and even vanishes entirely in highly variable environments. With further improving energy availability, optimal reproductive investment gradually increases again. Costs of plasticity affect this allocation pattern only quantitatively. Our results show that optimal reproductive investment does not increase monotonically with growing energy availability and that small changes in energy availability can lead to major variations in optimal energy allocation. Our results help to unify two apparently opposing predictions from life-history theory, that organisms should increase reproductive investment both with improved environmental conditions and when conditions deteriorate ("terminal investment").	[Fischer, Barbara; Taborsky, Barbara; Dieckmann, Ulf] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Fischer, Barbara; Taborsky, Barbara] Univ Bern, Inst Zool, Dept Behav Ecol, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland	Fischer, B (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.	fischerb@iiasa.ac.at	Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011	Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Taborsky, Barbara/0000-0003-1690-8155	Austrian Science Fund FWF [P 18647]		Agrawal AA, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P321, DOI 10.1126/science.1060701; Benton TG, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P677, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05363.x; Brown GP, 2004, OIKOS, V104, P269, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12712.x; BULL JJ, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P296, DOI 10.1086/283476; CLARK CW, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P521, DOI 10.1086/285342; CLARK CW, 2000, DYNAMIC STATE VARIAB; Dechaine JM, 2007, NEW PHYTOL, V176, P874, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02210.x; DeWitt TJ, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P77, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01274-3; DeWitt TJ, 1998, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V11, P465, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1998.11040465.x; Dorn LA, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1982; DUTIL JD, 1986, COPEIA, P945, DOI 10.2307/1445291; Ellers J, 1997, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V10, P771, DOI 10.1007/s000360050053; Engelhard GH, 2005, BIOL LETT-UK, V1, P172, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0290; Erikstad KE, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1781; Ernande B, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00691.x; GABRIEL W, 1992, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V5, P41, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1992.5010041.x; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; GOMULKIEWICZ R, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P390, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02047.x; Gurney WSC, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P602, DOI 10.2307/2390170; Harris RN, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1585, DOI 10.1890/03-0492; HOUSTON AI, 1992, EVOL ECOL, V6, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02214164; Houston AI, 1999, MODELS ADAPTIVE BEHA; Illera JC, 2006, J AVIAN BIOL, V37, P447, DOI 10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03676.x; Jonsson KI, 1997, OIKOS, V78, P57, DOI 10.2307/3545800; Jorgensen C, 2006, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V63, P186, DOI 10.1139/F05-209; Jorgensen C, 2006, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V63, P200, DOI 10.1139/F05-210; KAITALA A, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P12, DOI 10.2307/2389551; Kooi BW, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V70, P527, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2006.07.005; Levins R., 1968, EVOLUTION CHANGING E; Limpert E, 2001, BIOSCIENCE, V51, P341, DOI 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0341:LNDATS]2.0.CO;2; Lind MI, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P1288, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01353.x; LIVELY CM, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P232, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00466.x; MICHOD RE, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P531, DOI 10.1086/283411; MORAN NA, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P971, DOI 10.1086/285369; MURPHY GI, 1968, AM NAT, V102, P391, DOI 10.1086/282553; Pigliucci M, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P481, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.06.001; Relyea RA, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P272, DOI 10.1086/338540; Relyea RA, 2002, ECOL MONOGR, V72, P77, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0077:LPDIPP]2.0.CO;2; Rideout RM, 2005, FISH FISH, V6, P50, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-2679.2005.00174.x; ROGERS CM, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P419, DOI 10.2307/1939303; ROGERS CM, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1051, DOI 10.2307/1938377; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P783, DOI 10.1086/282954; SCHEINER SM, 1993, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V24, P35, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.000343; SCHLICHTING CD, 1986, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V17, P667, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.003315; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stelzer CP, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P2521; Stinchcombe JR, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P197, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00641.x; Travis Joseph, 1994, P99; van Kleunen M, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1947, DOI 10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[1947:COPIFC]2.0.CO;2; VANTIENDEREN PH, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P1317, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02638.x; VIA S, 1985, EVOLUTION, V39, P505, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00391.x; Weinig C, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P826, DOI 10.1086/503530; Zhivotovsky LA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P547, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03867.x	53	28	29	1	11	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147			AM NAT	Am. Nat.	MAR	2009	173	3					E108	E120		10.1086/596536				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	404BX	WOS:000263126800004	19196158	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Del Giudice, M; Angeleri, R; Manera, V				Del Giudice, Marco; Angeleri, Romina; Manera, Valeria			The juvenile transition: A developmental switch point in human life history	DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW			English	Review						Middle childhood; Juvenility; Adrenarche; Life history theory; Reproductive strategies; Attachment; Aggression; Evolution; Hormones	ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; SERUM DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER; CHILDRENS PEER RELATIONSHIPS; PERIPHERAL TARGET TISSUES; REDUCED FETAL-GROWTH; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD	This paper presents a new perspective on the transition from early to middle childhood (i.e., human juvenility), investigated in an integrative evolutionary framework. juvenility is a crucial life history stage, when social learning and interaction with peers become central developmental functions; here it is argued that the "juvenile transition" is a developmental switch point in the human life history, when both sex-related and individual differences in reproductive strategies are expressed after the assessment period provided by early childhood. Adrenarche, the secretion of adrenal androgens starting at the beginning of middle childhood, is proposed as the endocrine mechanism mediating the juvenile transition. It is argued that, in connection with the stress system, adrenal androgens enable adaptive plasticity in the development of reproductive strategies through integration of environmental and genetic factors. Finally, evidence is reviewed of both sex-related and individual differences arising during the juvenile transition, in the domains of attachment and aggression. juvenility plays a central role in the ontogeny of behavior and personality; this paper contributes to defining its place within an integrated model of human development. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Del Giudice, Marco; Angeleri, Romina; Manera, Valeria] Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Sci, I-10123 Turin, Italy	Del Giudice, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Sci, Via Po 14, I-10123 Turin, Italy.	marco.delgiudice@unito.it	Manera, Valeria/H-7551-2012; Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010; Manera, Valeria/O-3498-2016	Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573; Manera, Valeria/0000-0003-4490-4485			Aber JL, 2003, DEV PSYCHOL, V39, P324, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649-39.2.324; Achenbach T. 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J	Wang, XT; Kruger, DJ; Wilke, A				Wang, X. T.; Kruger, Daniel J.; Wilke, Andreas			Life history variables and risk-taking propensity	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Risk perception; Risk-taking; Life-history theory; Life history-variables; Domain specificity of risk	BIRTH-ORDER; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; NATURAL-SELECTION; SPECIFICITY; PERSPECTIVE; EXPECTANCY; HOMICIDE; CHOICE; REBEL	We examined the effects of life-history variables on risk-taking propensity, measured by subjective likelihoods of engaging in risky behaviors in five evolutionarily valid domains of fisk, including between-group competition, within-group competition, environmental challenge, mating and resource allocation, and fertility and reproduction. The effects of life-history variables on fisk-taking propensity were domain specific, except for the expected sex difference, where men predicted greater risk-taking than women in all domains. Males also perceived less inherent risk in actions than females across the five domains. Although the age range in the sample was limited, older respondents showed lower risk propensity in both between- and within-group competition. Parenthood reduced risk-taking propensity in within- and between-group competitions. Higher reproductive goal setting (desiring more offspring) was associated with lower risk-taking propensity. This effect was strongest in the risk domains of mating and reproduction. Having more siblings reduced risk-taking propensity (contrary to our initial prediction) in the domains of environmental challenge, reproduction, and between-group competition. Later-born children showed a higher propensity to engage in environmental and mating risks. Last, shorter subjective life expectancy was associated with increased willingness to take mating and reproductive risks. These results suggest that life-history variables regulate human risk-taking propensity in specific risk domains. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Wang, X. T.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Psychol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA; [Kruger, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Wilke, Andreas] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Wilke, Andreas] Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Adapt Behav & Cognit, D-14195 Berlin, Germany	Wang, XT (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Psychol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.	xtwang@usd.edu		Kruger, Daniel/0000-0002-2757-7016	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WI 3215/1-1]	We are grateful to Daniel Fessler and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and criticism of our work. We thank Daniel Fessler for suggesting the "mediation by reproductive goal" explanation of the sibship size effect. This article was prepared in part while the first author was a visiting professor at the Guanghua School of Management, Peking University in Beijing, China. We also thank Anita Todd for her editorial assistance and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a Research Scholarship to the third author (WI 3215/1-1).	Allman J, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P6866, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6866; Blais A.-R., 2001, RISK DECISION POLICY, V6, P47; Bromiley P, 1992, RISK TAKING BEHAV, P87; Buss D., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY; Buss D. 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J	Gosnell, JS; Rivera, G; Blob, RW				Gosnell, J. Stephen; Rivera, Gabriel; Blob, Richard W.			A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN TURTLES	HERPETOLOGICA			English	Review						Egg size; Evolution; Fecundity; Phylogenetic comparative methods; Sexual dimorphism; Sexual selection; Turtles	BODY-SIZE; NORTHERN POPULATION; SNAPPING TURTLE; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; CHELODINA TESTUDINES; GOPHER TORTOISES; CLEMMYS-GUTTATA; EGG-PRODUCTION; MAP TURTLE; GROWTH	Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread in a variety of vertebrate taxa, and its presence has been associated with a range of evolutionary and ecological factors. Turtles, as a lineage, have been shown to include species that exhibit both forms of SSD-male-biased (male larger) and female-biased (female larger)-as well as species that do not exhibit SSD (male size congruent to female size). Previous work has suggested that factors affecting the direction and magnitude of SSD in turtles may include habitat preference and fecundity; these correlations, however, have not been tested in a phylogenetic context. To provide a framework for evaluating potential correlates with the magnitude and direction of SSD in turtles, we examined the phylogenetic distribution of SSD in this clade. Published sources were surveyed for data on the direction and magnitude of SSD, carapace length, clutch size, egg size, and preferred habitat (terrestrial vs. nonterrestrial). Phylogenies were compiled from multiple published sources to develop a phylogeny for all taxa (n = 82) for which SSD data were assembled. The phylogenetic distribution of SSD was then evaluated using parsimony-based methods. These analyses indicated that the ancestral condition for extant turtles was female-biased SSD. Phylogenetic analyses conducted on subsets of the data (concentrated-changes tests, independent contrasts) indicated that changes in SSD state were not correlated with changes in habitat preference. Both male and female carapace length were found to be correlated with traits related to fecundity, (egg size, clutch size), but the degree of dimorphism was not found to be correlated with these traits. A significant negative correlation between egg size and clutch size was also evident in turtles, as predicted by life-history theory.	[Gosnell, J. Stephen; Rivera, Gabriel; Blob, Richard W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA	Gosnell, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	gosnell@lifesci.ucsb.edu			Clemson University Department of Biological Sciences; University Calhoun Honors College	We thank A. Rivera, S. DeWalt, 1). Weisrock, A. Zanne, and P. Marko for their assistance with this project and S. Vincent and an anonymous referee for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by the Clemson University Department of Biological Sciences and a Clemson University Calhoun Honors College undergraduate research award (JSG).	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J	Brumbach, BH; Figueredo, AJ; Ellis, BJ				Brumbach, Barbara Hagenah; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Ellis, Bruce J.			Effects of Harsh and Unpredictable Environments in Adolescence on Development of Life History Strategies	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Life history theory; Add Health; Adolescent health; Environmental harshness; Environmental unpredictability	REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; K-FACTOR; RISK; PREGNANCY; SOCIALIZATION; AGGRESSION; PREDICTORS; INEQUALITY; SELECTION; HOMICIDE	The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data were used to test predictions from life history theory. We hypothesized that (1) in young adulthood an emerging life history strategy would exist as a common factor underlying many life history traits (e.g., health, relationship stability, economic success), (2) both environmental harshness and unpredictability would account for unique variance in expression of adolescent and young adult life history strategies, and (3) adolescent life history traits would predict young adult life history strategy. These predictions were supported. The current findings suggest that the environmental parameters of harshness and unpredictability have concurrent effects on life history development in adolescence, as well as longitudinal effects into young adulthood. In addition, life history traits appear to be stable across developmental time from adolescence into young adulthood.	[Brumbach, Barbara Hagenah] No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Figueredo, Aurelio Jose] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ USA	Brumbach, BH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 15106, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.	Barbara.Brumbach@nau.edu			NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD031921-050002, P01 HD031921]		Barry TD, 2005, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V44, P265, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200503000-00011; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; BENTLER PM, 1980, PSYCHOL BULL, V88, P588, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238; Bereczkei T, 2001, INT J BEHAV DEV, V25, P501, DOI 10.1080/01650250042000573; Brim OG, 2000, NATL SURVEY MIDLIFE; Browning CR, 2005, AM SOCIOL REV, V70, P758, DOI 10.1177/000312240507000502; BUSS DM, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P1214, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1214; CAMPBELL DT, 1959, PSYCHOL BULL, V56, P81, DOI 10.1037/h0046016; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Chisholm JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; Cohen J., 1983, APPL MULTIPLE REGRES; Daly M, 2001, CAN J CRIMINOL, V43, P219; Einum S, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P443; Ellis BJ, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P801, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00569; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; ELLIS BJ, 2009, HUMAN NATUR IN PRESS, P20; Fergusson DM, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P779, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00665; Fick AC, 1995, YOUTH SOC, V27, P136, DOI 10.1177/0044118X95027002002; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P851; FIGUEREDO AJ, 2006, HUMAN NATURE, V18, P47; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Galliher RV, 2004, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V33, P235, DOI 10.1023/B:JOYO.0000025322.11510.9d; Geary DC, 2001, PARENT-SCI PRACT, V1, P5, DOI 10.1207/S15327922PAR011&2_2; Gorsuch R. 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R., 2003, NATL LONGITUDINAL ST; Underwood MK, 1996, J RES ADOLESCENCE, V6, P201; Vigil JM, 2006, J FAM PSYCHOL, V20, P597, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.597; West-Eberhard MJ, 2003, DEV PLASTICITY EVOLU; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271; Winterhalder B, 2002, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V23, P59, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00089-7; Worthman CM, 2003, OFFSPRING, P289; Zweig JM, 2001, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V30, P707, DOI 10.1023/A:1012281628792	62	118	123	1	45	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1045-6767	1936-4776		HUM NATURE-INT BIOS	Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.	MAR	2009	20	1					25	51		10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3				27	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	408FX	WOS:000263422000002	20634914	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Dunkel, CS; Sefcek, JA				Dunkel, Curtis S.; Sefcek, Jon A.			Eriksonian Lifespan Theory and Life History Theory: An Integration Using the Example of Identity Formation	REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Review						Erikson; life history theory; identity; evolutionary psychology	EGO-IDENTITY; FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; ADOLESCENT IDENTITY; K-FACTOR; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; PERSONALITY-DEVELOPMENT; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE	Furthering the cause of consilience in the social sciences a model is proposed in which Eriksonian life span theory and life history theory are integrated. The model explains individual differences in the Eriksonian developmental stages as a function of the individual differences in developmental trajectories (if life. history theory as, conceptualized by Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper (1991). Erikson's fifth stage of identity formation is used to examine the model, with the results of three studies presented to illustrate the viability of the model. Future research should examine other aspects of the model and the relationship between the developmental trajectories in life history theory and the Eriksonian stages in greater detail.	[Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Sefcek, Jon A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Waggoner Hall, Macomb, IL 61455 USA.	c-dunkel@wiu.edu					Adams GR, 2005, IDENTITY, V5, P57, DOI 10.1207/s1532706xid0501_4; Adams GR, 2000, J ADOLESCENT RES, V15, P99, DOI 10.1177/0743558400151006; ADAMS GR, 2001, IDENTITY INT J THEOR, V1, P307, DOI DOI 10.1207/S1532706XID0104_; Badcock CR, 1998, HANDBOOK OF EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY, P457; BALISTRERI E, 1995, J ADOLESCENCE, V18, P179, DOI 10.1006/jado.1995.1012; Bartle-Haring S, 2002, J ADOLESCENT RES, V17, P439, DOI 10.1177/0743558402175001; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF02913039; Benson M. J., 1992, J RES ADOLESCENCE, V2, P187, DOI 10.1207/s15327795jra0203_1; Berzonsky M. 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S., 1993, EGO IDENTITY HDB PSY, P42; WATERMAN AS, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P341, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.18.3.341; WESTEN D, 1999, HDB PERSONALITY THEO, P57; White JM, 1996, CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV, V23, P490, DOI 10.1177/0093854896023003005; Wilson EO, 1998, CONSILIENCE UNITY KN; WIRES JW, 1994, ADOLESCENCE, V29, P361; Zimbardo PG, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P1271, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1271; Zimmermann P, 2002, J ADOLESCENCE, V25, P107, DOI 10.1006/jado.2001.0452	117	11	11	2	54	EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC	WASHINGTON	750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA	1089-2680	1939-1552		REV GEN PSYCHOL	Rev. Gen. Psychol.	MAR	2009	13	1					13	23		10.1037/a0013687				11	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	417AI	WOS:000264046400002					2018-11-12	
J	Walker, SPW; McCormick, MI				Walker, Stefan P. W.; McCormick, Mark I.			Fish ears are sensitive to sex change	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						reef fish; sex change; otolith; hermaphroditism; life-history transition		Many reef fishes change sex during their life. The testing of life-history theory and effective fisheries management therefore relies on our ability to detect when this fundamental transition occurs. This study experimentally illustrates the potential to glean such information from the otolithic bodies of the inner-ear apparatus in the sex-changing fish Parapercis cylindrica. It will now be possible to reconstruct the complete, often complex life history of hermaphroditic individuals from hatching through to terminal reproductive status. The validation of sex-change associated otolith growth also illustrates the potential for sex-specific sensory displacement. It is possible that sex-changing fishes alter otolith composition, and thus sensory-range specificity, to optimize life history in accordance with their new reproductive mode.	[Walker, Stefan P. W.; McCormick, Mark I.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia	Walker, SPW (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.	stefan.walker@jcu.edu.au	Walker, Stefan/A-7238-2010	McCormick, Mark/0000-0001-9289-1645	Lizard Island Doctoral fellowship; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University	We thank C. Chustz for field assistance and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Research was funded by a Lizard Island Doctoral fellowship ( Australian Museum) to S. P. W. W. and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University.	Alonzo SH, 2005, FISH B-NOAA, V103, P229; BUSTON PM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P783; Frisch AJ, 2007, HORM BEHAV, V52, P540, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.07.008; Munday PL, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P89, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.020; PATINO R, 1995, ATLAS FISH HISTOLOGY, P129; Randall JE, 1997, FISHES GREAT BARRIER; THORROLD SR, 2003, CORAL REEF FISHES DY, P243; Walker SPW, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V266, P201, DOI 10.3354/meps266201; Wilson DT, 1997, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V153, P259, DOI 10.3354/meps153259; Wright KJ, 2005, MAR BIOL, V147, P1425, DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-0028-z; Zar J.H, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	11	8	8	1	10	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	FEB 23	2009	5	1					73	76		10.1098/rsbl.2008.0555				4	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	396MV	WOS:000262596700022	19033133	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Del Giudice, M				Del Giudice, Marco			Sex, attachment, and the development of reproductive strategies	BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES			English	Review						adrenarche; attachment; cooperative breeding; evolution; life history theory; mating; middle childhood; phenotypic plasticity; reproductive strategies; sexual selection; stress	HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; 62 CULTURAL-REGIONS; HIGH-RISK SAMPLE; ADULT ATTACHMENT; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; INFANT ATTACHMENT; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; SPIEKER 2003; ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS	This target article presents an integrated evolutionary model of the development of attachment and human reproductive strategies. It is argued that sex differences in attachment emerge in middle childhood, have adaptive significance in both children and adults, and are part of sex-specific life history strategies. Early psychosocial stress and insecure attachment act as cues of environmental risk, and tend to switch development towards reproductive strategies favoring current reproduction and higher mating effort. However, due to sex differences in life history trade-offs between mating and parenting, insecure males tend to adopt avoidant strategies, whereas insecure females tend to adopt anxious/ambivalent strategies, which maximize investment from kin and mates. Females are expected to shift to avoidant patterns when environmental risk is more severe. Avoidant and ambivalent attachment patterns also have different adaptive values for boys and girls, in the context of same-sex competition in the peer group: in particular, the competitive and aggressive traits related to avoidant attachment call be favored as a status-seeking strategy for males. Finally, adrenarche is proposed as the endocrine mechanism underlying the reorganization of attachment in middle childhood, and the implications for the relationship between attachment and sexual development are explored. Sex differences in the development of attachment can be fruitfully integrated within the broader framework of adaptive plasticity in life history strategies, thus contributing to a coherent evolutionary theory of human development.	[Del Giudice, Marco] Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Sci, I-10123 Turin, Italy	Del Giudice, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Sci, I-10123 Turin, Italy.	marco.delgiudice@unito.it	Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010	Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573			Ahnert L., 2005, ATTACHMENT BONDING N, P229; Allen ES, 2004, FAM PROCESS, V43, P467, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00035.x; ALLEN JP, 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Archer J, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P588, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00233372; Auchus RJ, 2004, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V60, P288, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01858.x; Aviezer O, 2002, INT J BEHAV DEV, V26, P397, DOI 10.1080/01650250143000328; Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2004, J FAM PSYCHOL, V18, P545, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.18.3.545; BALDWIN MW, 1995, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V2, P247, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00090.x; Barber N, 2000, CROSS-CULT RES, V34, P26, DOI 10.1177/106939710003400102; BARTHOLOMEW K, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V61, P226, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226; BARTHOLOMEW K, 1990, J SOC PERS RELAT, V7, P147, DOI 10.1177/0265407590072001; Bateson P, 2005, J BIOSCIENCES, V30, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02705148; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF02913039; Belsky J, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P591, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00273378; Belsky J, 1997, PSYCHOL INQ, V8, P182, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0803_3; Belsky J., 2005, ATTACHMENT BONDING N, P169; BELSKY J, 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR; Belsky J, 2007, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V16, P300, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00525.x; Belsky J, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1302, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x; Belsky Jay, 2002, Attach Hum Dev, V4, P166, DOI 10.1080/14616730210157510; BENOIT D, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1444, DOI 10.2307/1131510; Bereczkei T, 2001, INT J BEHAV DEV, V25, P501, DOI 10.1080/01650250042000573; Bernier Annie, 2002, Attach Hum Dev, V4, P171, DOI 10.1080/14616730210157457; Bernroider G, 1996, HORM BEHAV, V30, P583, DOI 10.1006/hbeh.1996.0061; BETZIG L, 1989, CURR ANTHROPOL, V30, P654, DOI 10.1086/203798; Birnbaum GE, 2007, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V14, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00157.x; Bjorklund DF, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V122, P153, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.122.2.153; BJORKLUND DF, 2005, ORIGINS SOCIAL MIND, P45; Blurton Jones NG, 2000, ADAPTATION HUMAN BEH, P69; Bogaert AF, 2002, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V9, P191, DOI 10.1111/1475-6811.00012; Bogin B, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P109, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.109; Bokhorst CL, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P1769, DOI 10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00637.x; Booth-LaForce C, 2006, ATTACH HUM DEV, V8, P309, DOI 10.1080/14616730601048209; Bowlby J., 1973, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V2; Bowlby J, 1980, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V3; Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Brassard A, 2007, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V14, P475, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00166.x; Brennan K. 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Brain Sci.	FEB	2009	32	1					1	+		10.1017/S0140525X09000016				33	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	413BU	WOS:000263768700001	19210806				2018-11-12	
J	Ackerman, JM; Kenrick, DT				Ackerman, Joshua M.; Kenrick, Douglas T.			Selfishness and sex or cooperation and family values?	BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES			English	Editorial Material							ATTACHMENT REPRESENTATIONS; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; MOTHER; SECURITY; SCHOOL; PARENT; SELF; AGE	Evolutionary models of behavior often encounter resistance due to an apparent focus on themes of sex, selfishness, and gender differences. The target article might seem ripe for such criticism. However, life history theory suggests that these themes, and their counterparts, including cooperation, generosity, and gender similarities represent two sides of the same coin - all are consequences of reproductive trade-offs made throughout development.	[Ackerman, Joshua M.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Kenrick, Douglas T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA	Ackerman, JM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.	joshua.ackerman@yale.edu; douglas.kenrick@asu.edu	Ackerman, Joshua/A-9315-2013				ACKERMAN JM, RAISING RAZING UNPUB; Ackerman JM, 2008, PERS SOC PSYCHOL REV, V12, P118, DOI 10.1177/1088868308315700; Ackerman JM, 2007, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V28, P365, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.004; Ammaniti M, 2000, Attach Hum Dev, V2, P328, DOI 10.1080/14616730010001587; BEIJERSBERGEN MD, CHILD DEV IN PRESS; BRETHERTON I, 1990, ATTACHMENT PRESCHOOL, P87; Bureau JF, 2006, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V38, P50, DOI 10.1037/h0087270; BURNSTEIN E, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V67, P773, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.773; CASSIDY J, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P121, DOI 10.2307/1130394; Dawkins R., 2006, SELFISH GENE; DELGIUDICE M, BRIT J DEV IN PRESS; GILISSEN R, 2008, DEV PSYCHOBIOLOGY; Gloger-Tippelt G, 2007, SCHOOL PSYCHOL INT, V28, P313, DOI 10.1177/0143034307078540; Granot D, 2001, INT J BEHAV DEV, V25, P530, DOI 10.1080/01650250042000366; HESSE E, 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P395, DOI DOI 10.1016S0191-8869(02)00333-1; Kenrick D. T., 2003, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, P103; Kenrick D. T., 2008, FDN EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P353; Kerns KA, 2007, ATTACH HUM DEV, V9, P33, DOI 10.1080/14616730601151441; Li NP, 2006, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V90, P468, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.90.3.468; MAIN M, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P415, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.415; MAIN M, 1985, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V50, P66, DOI 10.2307/3333827; PANNEBAKKER F, 2007, THESIS LEIDEN UNPUB; Van IJzendoorn M. H., 2008, ADULT ATTACHMENT INT, P69; van Ijzendoorn MH, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1188, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00733.x; van Ijzendoorn MH, 1996, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V64, P8, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.64.1.8; VANIJZENDOORN MH, DISTRIBUTIONS UNPUB; Verschueren K, 1999, CHILD DEV, V70, P183, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00014; Weeden J, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P327, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.004; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S	29	0	0	0	13	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0140-525X			BEHAV BRAIN SCI	Behav. Brain Sci.	FEB	2009	32	1					21	+		10.1017/S0140525X09000028				13	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	413BU	WOS:000263768700002					2018-11-12	
J	Jackson, JJ; Ellis, BJ				Jackson, Jenee James; Ellis, Bruce J.			Synthesizing life history theory with sexual selection: Toward a comprehensive model of alternative reproductive strategies	BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES			English	Editorial Material							PLURALISM; GIRLS	Del Giudice's model of sex-specific attachment patterns demonstrates the usefulness of infusing life history theory with principles of sexual selection. We believe a full synthesis between the two theories provides of foundation for a comprehensive model of alternative reproductive strategies. We extend Del Giudice's ideas based on Our own program of research, focusing specifically on the importance of intrasexual competition and the individual phenotype during development.	[Jackson, Jenee James; Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Arizona, Div Family Studies & Human Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Jackson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Div Family Studies & Human Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	jeneej@email.arizona.edu; bjellis@email.arizona.edu					BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P485, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00159; Figueredo AJ, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P603, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00413373; Gangestad SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P573, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0000337X; Gross MR, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P92, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)81050-0; JACKSON JJ, DEV HUMAN REPR UNPUB; JACKSON JJ, SEX DIFFERENCE UNPUB; THIESSEN D, 1994, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V5, P167, DOI 10.1007/BF02692160	9	6	7	1	12	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0140-525X			BEHAV BRAIN SCI	Behav. Brain Sci.	FEB	2009	32	1					31	+		10.1017/S0140525X09000132				14	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	413BU	WOS:000263768700013					2018-11-12	
J	Kruger, DJ				Kruger, Daniel J.			Life history as an integrative theoretical framework advancing the understanding of the attachment system	BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES			English	Editorial Material								Evolutionary Life History Theory (LHT) is a powerful framework that can be used for understanding behavioral strategies as contingent adaptations to environmental conditions. Del Giudice uses LHT as a foundation for describing the attachment process as an evolved psychological system which evaluates life conditions and chooses reproductive strategies appropriate in the developmental environment, integrating findings across several literatures.	[Kruger, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA	Kruger, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.	djk2012@gmail.com					BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Cosmides L., 1994, MAPPING MIND DOMAIN, P85, DOI DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511752902.005; CRAWFORD CB, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P1449, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.44.12.1449; Harlow H. F., 1964, UNFINISHED TASKS BEH, P154; Heath KM, 1998, CURR ANTHROPOL, V39, P369, DOI 10.1086/204748; PIANKA ER, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P592, DOI 10.1086/282697; Tinbergen N., 1963, Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie, V20, P410; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1	8	0	0	0	0	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0140-525X	1469-1825		BEHAV BRAIN SCI	Behav. Brain Sci.	FEB	2009	32	1					34	+		10.1017/S0140525X09000168				14	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	413BU	WOS:000263768700016					2018-11-12	
J	Lewis, AJ; Tooley, G				Lewis, Andrew J.; Tooley, Gregory			Disorganized attachment and reproductive strategies	BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES			English	Editorial Material							INFANT ATTACHMENT; METAANALYSIS; CHILDHOOD	Del Giudice provides an extension of the life history theory of attachment that incorporates emerging data suggestive of sex differences in avoidant male and preoccupied female attachment patterns emerging in middle childhood. This commentary considers the place of disorganized attachment within this theory and why male children may be more prone to disorganized attachment by drawing on Trivers's parental investment theory.	[Lewis, Andrew J.; Tooley, Gregory] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Fac Hlth Med Nursing & Behav Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia	Lewis, AJ (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Fac Hlth Med Nursing & Behav Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia.	andrew.lewis@deakin.edu.au; greg.tooley@deakin.edu.au	Lewis, Andrew/J-7764-2012	Lewis, Andrew/0000-0002-2519-7976			Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2005, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V26, P191, DOI 10.1002/imhj.200046; DeWolff MS, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P571, DOI 10.2307/1132107; Green J, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P835, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00102; Hesse E, 2000, J AM PSYCHOANAL ASS, V48, P1097, DOI 10.1177/00030651000480041101; LYONSRUTH K, 1999, HDB ATTACHMENT THEOR, P520; Main M., 1990, ATTACHMENT PRESCHOOL, P121; TRIVERS RL, 1973, SCIENCE, V179, P90, DOI 10.1126/science.179.4068.90; van Ijzendoorn MH, 1999, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V11, P225, DOI 10.1017/S0954579499002035; Wakefield J. C., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY	9	1	1	0	3	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0140-525X			BEHAV BRAIN SCI	Behav. Brain Sci.	FEB	2009	32	1					35	+		10.1017/S0140525X0900017X				14	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology	413BU	WOS:000263768700017					2018-11-12	
J	Sasaki, K; Fox, SF; Duvall, D				Sasaki, Kiyoshi; Fox, Stanley F.; Duvall, David			Rapid Evolution in the Wild: Changes in Body Size, Life-History Traits, and Behavior in Hunted Populations of the Japanese Mamushi Snake	CONSERVATION BIOLOGY			English	Article						antipredator behavior; body size; Gloydius blomhoffii; hunting; Japan; life history; mamushi; rapid evolution; snakes; species exploitation; caceria	COD GADUS-MORHUA; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; GARTER SNAKE; MATURATION; SELECTION; AGE; HERITABILITY; CONSERVATION; IMPEDIMENTS; RESPONSES	Rapid evolution caused by human exploitation of wildlife is not usually addressed in studies of the impacts of such exploitation despite its direct relevance to population persistence. Japanese mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii), an endemic venomous snake of the Japanese archipelago, has been heavily hunted by humans, and many populations appear to be declining or are already extirpated. We compared local populations that have been hunted regularly with populations that have not been hunted. Mamushi in hunted populations were smaller, had fewer vertebrae, produced more and smaller offspring, had increased reproductive effort among smaller females, and in nature fled at greater distances from an approaching human and were less defensive than mamushi in unhunted populations, as predicted from life-history theory. Heritability estimates for body size, number of vertebrae, and antipredator behavior were statistically significant, and neonates from hunted sites showed the same distribution of altered characters (compared with those from unhunted sites) as adults. Thus, distribution of the divergent trait between hunted and unhunted sites appeared in part to be genetically based, which suggests rapid evolution to human predation pressures. Trait distributions in hunted populations probably deviate from naturally (as opposed to anthropogenically) selected optima and, therefore, may have long-term negative repercussions on population persistence. Because rapid evolution affects a suite of parameters that characterize exploited populations, accurate understanding of the impacts of exploitation and effective resource management and conservation can only be achieved if evolutionary consequences are considered explicitly.	[Sasaki, Kiyoshi; Fox, Stanley F.; Duvall, David] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA	Sasaki, K (reprint author), Loyola Coll, Dept Biol, 4501 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA.	kiyoshisasaki@yahoo.com					BECKER W. 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Biol.	FEB	2009	23	1					93	102		10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01067.x				10	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	394RO	WOS:000262465500014	18798855	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Wagner, I; Simons, AM				Wagner, Ioan; Simons, Andrew M.			Divergence among arctic and alpine populations of the annual, Koenigia islandica: morphology, life-history, and phenology	ECOGRAPHY			English	Article							COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; 3 CONTRASTING HABITATS; PLANTAGO-LANCEOLATA L; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LOCAL ADAPTATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; ENERGY ALLOCATION; SEED-GERMINATION; GROWTH	Arctic and alpine habitats occur along complex environmental gradients, and over an extensive geographical range. Despite some selective forces common to these habitats, evolutionary divergence among populations of arctic and alpine plants along this gradient is expected. Of particular significance, both in the context of life-history theory and for implications of climate change, are the few annual species that have adapted to the constraints of an unpredictable, short growing season. In this study, morphological, life-history and phenological characters were found to differ significantly among six widely distributed populations of the arctic-alpine annual Koenigia islandica. On the basis of morphology and life-history traits, populations from high latitudes, with the exception of Svalbard, performed better in simulated arctic conditions, whereas the low latitude alpine plants from Colorado showed enhanced performance under simulated alpine conditions. On the basis of phenology, the six populations can be clearly grouped into arctic, high latitude alpine and alpine populations: arctic plants were found to develop and flower earliest; alpine plants latest. Because these results were obtained using seeds harvested from plants first grown through a complete generation in growth chambers, they indicate strong genetic differentiation. We discuss possible adaptive explanations for observed differences among the six geographically divergent populations.	[Wagner, Ioan; Simons, Andrew M.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada	Wagner, I (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.	jwagner@ccs.carleton.ca	Simons, Andrew/A-7751-2012	Simons, Andrew/0000-0002-0198-465X	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada	The authors thank the following persons for collecting seeds: O. Heide (southern Norway); M. Vetter (Yukon); S. Aiken and M. Kotierk (Iqaluit); I. S. Jonsdottir (Svalbard). We would also like to thank S. Popovich for permission to collect seeds in the Mount Evans Wilderness; T. Terrell for permission to work in the Rocky Mountain National Park; R. Bray and S. Wagner for assistance with collecting seeds; B. Dobson for permission to work in Jasper National Park; L. Nilsen for help with climate data. This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery grant to A. M. 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J	Hochberg, Z				Hochberg, Ze'ev			Evo-devo of child growth II: human life history and transition between its phases	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY			English	Review							DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; UNDERNUTRITION; CONSEQUENCES; ADRENARCHE; PATTERNS; STATURE; OBESITY; PUBERTY; BIRTH	This review attempts to Use evolutionary life-history theory in understanding child growth in a broad evolutionary perspective. It uses the data and theory of evolutionary predictive adaptive strategies for transition from one life-history phase to the next. and the inherent adaptive plasticity in the timing of such transitions. Humans evolved to withstand energy crises by decreasing their body size, and evolutionary short-term adaptations to energy crises utilize a plasticity that modifies the timing of transition from infancy into childhood, culminating in short stature at the time of an energy crisis. Transition to juvenility is part of a strategy of conversion from a period of total dependence on the family and tribe for provision and security to self-supply, and a degree of adaptive plasticity is provided and determines body composition. Transition to adolescence entails plasticity in adapting to energy resources, other environmental cues, and the social needs of the maturing adolescent to determine lifespan and the period of fecundity and fertility. Conclusion: Life-history transitions Eire the times when the child adaptively responds to environmental cues in order to enhance growth-body composition-lifespan-fecundity schedules and behavioral strategies that yield the highest fitness in a given environment.	[Hochberg, Ze'ev] Rambam Med Ctr, Meyer Childrens Hosp, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel; [Hochberg, Ze'ev] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel	Hochberg, Z (reprint author), Rambam Med Ctr, Meyer Childrens Hosp, POB 9602, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel.	z_hochberg@rambam.health.gov.il					Allal N, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2623; Barker DJP, 2006, CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL, V49, P270, DOI 10.1097/00003081-200606000-00009; Bogin B, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P109, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.109; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Bogin B., 2002, HUMAN GROWTH DEV, P295; Bogin B, 2007, AM J HUM BIOL, V19, P631, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20666; *CDC, 2000, CDC GROWTH CHARTS US; Crespi EJ, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P44, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20098; DeFranco E, 2007, SEMIN REPROD MED, V25, P40, DOI 10.1055/s-2006-956774; Drooger JC, 2005, ULTRASOUND OBST GYN, V26, P115, DOI 10.1002/uog.1962; Gluckman PD, 2007, J INTERN MED, V261, P461, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01802.x; Gluckman P. D., 2005, FETAL MATRIX; Gluckman PD, 2006, TRENDS ENDOCRIN MET, V17, P7, DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2005.11.006; Guven A, 2005, J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET, V18, P785; HELM S, 1969, ARCH ORAL BIOL, V14, P1177, DOI 10.1016/0003-9969(69)90157-5; Hermanussen M, 2006, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V60, P25, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602263; Hochberg Z, 2008, ARCH DIS CHILD, V93, P534, DOI 10.1136/adc.2008.137570; HOCHBERG Z, 2008, ARCH DIS CHILDHOOD; Hochberg Z, 2008, PEDIATR RES, V64, P2, DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318177590f; KLEIN KO, 1994, J CLIN INVEST, V94, P2475, DOI 10.1172/JCI117616; LASKER GW, 1969, SCIENCE, V166, P1480, DOI 10.1126/science.166.3912.1480; LINDGREN CA, 2005, TESTOSTERONE 17BETA; Liu YX, 1998, J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET, V11, P247; Liu YX, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V47, P475, DOI 10.1203/00006450-200004000-00011; Muller GB, 2007, NAT REV GENET, V8, P943, DOI 10.1038/nrg2219; Pembrey ME, 2006, EUR J HUM GENET, V14, P159, DOI [10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201538, 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5204538]; PRATT JH, 1994, METABOLISM, V43, P186, DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90243-7; SAUNDERS E, 1837, TEETH TEST AGE; Schneider JE, 2004, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V81, P289, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.007; Simondon KB, 1998, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V27, P490, DOI 10.1093/ije/27.3.490; Sisk CL, 2004, NAT NEUROSCI, V7, P1040, DOI 10.1038/nn1326; SMITH BH, 1995, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V24, P257, DOI 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001353; SMITH BH, 1994, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V94, P307, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330940303; SMITH BH, 1992, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V1, P134, DOI DOI 10.1002/EVAN.1360010406; Stein AD, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V113, pE270, DOI 10.1542/peds.113.3.e270; Varela-Silva MI, 2007, COLLEGIUM ANTROPOL, V31, P39; WARREN MP, 1983, ENDOCR REV, V4, P363, DOI 10.1210/edrv-4-4-363	37	27	30	1	11	BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD	BRISTOL	EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND	0804-4643			EUR J ENDOCRINOL	Eur. J. Endocrinol.	FEB	2009	160	2					135	141		10.1530/EJE-08-0445				7	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Endocrinology & Metabolism	407HV	WOS:000263355100002	19022913	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Fevrier, Y; Russo, J; Madec, L				Fevrier, Y.; Russo, J.; Madec, L.			Intraspecific variation in life history traits of a land snail after a bacterial challenge	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						life history trade-off; bacterial stress; growth; reproduction; land snail	HELIX-ASPERSA MOLLUSCA; TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNE DEFENSE; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; GRYLLUS-TEXENSIS	Life history theory suggests that variation in individual body size is often the result of resource availability and is controlled by trade-offs between growth, reproductive features and subsequently, survival. In the land snail Cornu aspersum, body size and correlated life history traits vary strongly intraspecifically, leading to geographic patterns of life history tactics. This work investigates the potential role of repeated exposure to stress during the growth and reproduction stage on the life history responses of two subspecies. Cornu aspersum aspersa and Cornu aspersum maxima exhibit contrasting life history strategies, as shown morphologically by the giant size of maxima. In this study, we postulated that the two subspecies would respond differently when exposed to a similar, non-specific stress. Thus, snails were regularly challenged with injections of Gram-negative heat-killed bacteria Escherichia coli suspensions. As expected, we found that stress induced by bacterial challenges leads to a significant decrease in fecundity in the two subspecies. We also observed differences between the challenged and the control snails in terms of the (1) growth features for C. a. maxima and (2) timing of the first egg-laying for C. a. aspersa. Moreover, a delayed development of the reproductive organs in the post-challenged animals suggested a trade-off between growth and sexual maturity.	[Fevrier, Y.; Russo, J.; Madec, L.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO UMR 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France	Madec, L (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO UMR 6553, Campus Beaulieu,Batiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes, France.	luc.madec@univ-rennes1.fr					Adamo SA, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P417, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1786; Armitage SAO, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P1038, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00551.x; Barker G.M., 2002, MOLLUSCS CROP PESTS; BAYNE C J, 1970, Malacological Review, V3, P103; BAYNE CJ, 1980, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V4, P43, DOI 10.1016/S0145-305X(80)80007-3; Chadwick W, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P505, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2959; Coustau C, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P378, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01929-7; Dybdahl MF, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P1592, DOI 10.1890/04-0898; Fedorka KM, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2478; Fellowes MDE, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P123, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00018.x; GOMOT P, 1991, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V100, P689, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90390-X; Guiller A, 2006, GENET RES, V88, P27, DOI 10.1017/S0016672306008305; Harshman LG, 2007, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V22, P80, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.008; Hosken DJ, 2001, CURR BIOL, V11, pR379, DOI 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00211-1; Jacot A, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1060, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00899.x; Jokela J, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P350, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00035.x; Langand J, 1998, HEREDITY, V80, P320, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00291.x; Lawniczak MKN, 2007, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V22, P48, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.012; Lee KA, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P1000, DOI 10.1093/icb/icl049; Little TJ, 2007, J ANIM ECOL, V76, P1202, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01290.x; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; Loker ES, 2004, IMMUNOL REV, V198, P10, DOI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0117.x; MADEC L, 1994, J ZOOL, V233, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb08585.x; Madec L, 2003, HEREDITY, V91, P224, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800301; Madec L, 1998, INVERTEBR REPROD DEV, V34, P83, DOI 10.1080/07924259.1998.9652356; Madec L, 2000, BIOL J LINN SOC, V69, P25, DOI 10.1006/bijl.1999.0324; MADEC L, 1993, MALACOLOGIA, V35, P99; Martin II LB, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V147, P565, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0314-y; McKean KA, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P7904, DOI 10.1073/pnas.131216398; Miller MR, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00001.x; MINCHELLA DJ, 1985, PARASITOLOGY, V90, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000049143; Norris K, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P19, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.19; Ottaviani E., 2006, ISJ, V3, P50; RENWRANTZ L, 1981, J COMP PHYSIOL, V141, P477, DOI 10.1007/BF01101470; Rigby MC, 2002, TRENDS PARASITOL, V18, P116, DOI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02203-6; Rigby MC, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P171, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.0983; Rolff J, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P472, DOI 10.1126/science.1080623; Sandland GJ, 2003, TRENDS PARASITOL, V19, P571, DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2003.10.006; Schmid-Hempel P, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P27, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00013-7; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Shoemaker KL, 2007, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V32, P113, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2006.00552.x; Soler JJ, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P241, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2217; Zuk M., 2002, AM NAT, V160, P9, DOI DOI 10.1086/342131	43	7	7	0	3	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0952-8369			J ZOOL	J. Zool.	FEB	2009	277	2					149	156		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00523.x				8	Zoology	Zoology	397QW	WOS:000262678200009					2018-11-12	
J	Schmid-Hempel, P				Schmid-Hempel, Paul			Immune defence, parasite evasion strategies and their relevance for 'macroscopic phenomena' such as virulence	PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Review						virulence; immune evasion; dose; transmission; pathogenesis	CRYPTOSPORIDIUM DOSE-RESPONSE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; VIRAL EVASION; PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; MICROBIAL INFECTIONS; CELL-PROLIFERATION	The discussion of host-parasite interactions, and of parasite virulence more specifically, has so far, with a few exceptions, not focused much attention on the accumulating evidence that immune evasion by parasites is not only almost universal but also often linked to pathogenesis, i.e. the appearance of virulence. Now, the immune evasion hypothesis offers a deeper insight into the evolution of virulence than previous hypotheses. Sensitivity analysis for parasite fitness and life-history theory shows promise to generate a more general evolutionary theory of virulence by including a major element, immune evasion to prevent parasite clearance from the host. Also, the study of dose-response relationships and multiple infections should be particularly illuminating to understand the evolution of virulence. Taking into account immune evasion brings immunological processes to the core of understanding the evolution of parasite virulence and for a range of related issues such as dose, host specificity or immunopathology. The aim of this review is to highlight the mechanism underlying immune evasion and to discuss possible consequences for the evolutionary ecology analysis of host-parasite interactions.	[Schmid-Hempel, Paul] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol IBZ, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Schmid-Hempel, Paul] Wissensch Kolleg Berlin, D-14193 Berlin, Germany	Schmid-Hempel, P (reprint author), ETH, Inst Integrat Biol IBZ, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.	psh@env.ethz.ch			Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin	I thank Robin Bush, Steve Frank, Joachim Kurtz, Andrew Read, Regula Schmid-Hempel and Mike Siva-Jothy for their comments. The stimulating atmosphere and generous support by the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin in the study year 2006-2007 is gratefully acknowledged.	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Young D, 2002, NAT IMMUNOL, V3, P1026, DOI 10.1038/ni1102-1026	148	80	82	3	54	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8436			PHILOS T R SOC B	Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JAN 12	2009	364	1513					85	98		10.1098/rstb.2008.0157				14	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	375YV	WOS:000261150600008	18930879	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Garel, M; Solberg, EJ; Saether, BE; Grotan, V; Tufto, J; Heim, M				Garel, Mathieu; Solberg, Erling Johan; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Grotan, Vidar; Tufto, Jarle; Heim, Morten			Age, Size, and Spatiotemporal Variation in Ovulation Patterns of a Seasonal Breeder, the Norwegian Moose (Alces alces)	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Review						age; body mass; ecological modeling; life-history theory; reproduction; ungulates	WHITE-TAILED DEER; LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; ADULT SEX-RATIO; RED DEER; BODY-MASS; ROE DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LARGE HERBIVORES	In seasonal environments, timing of reproduction is an important fitness component. However, in ungulates, our understanding of this biological process is limited. Here we analyze how age and body mass affect spatiotemporal variation in timing of ovulation of 6,178 Norwegian moose. We introduced a parametric statistical model to obtain inferences about the seasonal timing of ovulation peak, the degree of synchrony among individuals, and the proportion of individuals that ovulate. These components showed much more spatiotemporal variation than previously reported. Young ( primiparous) and old (>= 11.5 years of age) females ovulated later than prime-aged (2.5-10.5 years of age) females. In all age classes, ovulation was delayed with decreasing body mass. Ovulation rates were lower and more variable among primiparous females than among older females. Young females required higher body mass than older females did to ovulate. The body-mass-to-ovulation relationship varied with age, showed large regional variation, and differed among years within region. These results suggest that ( 1) environmental and population characteristics contribute to shape seasonal variation in the breeding pattern and ( 2) large regional variation exists in the size-dependent age at maturity in moose. Hence, the life-history trade-off between reproduction and body growth should differ regionally in moose.	[Garel, Mathieu] Univ Lyon, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; [Garel, Mathieu; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Grotan, Vidar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Garel, Mathieu] Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Ctr Natl Etud & Rech Appliquee Faune Montagne, F-34098 Montpellier 05, France; [Solberg, Erling Johan; Heim, Morten] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway; [Tufto, Jarle] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math Sci, Ctr Conservat Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Garel, M (reprint author), Univ Lyon, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, CNRS, UMR 5558, 43 Blvd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.	mgarel@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr; erling.solberg@nina.no; bernt-erik.sather@bio.ntnu.no; vidar.grotan@bio.ntnu.no; jarlet@math.ntnu.no; morten.heim@nina.no	Tufto, Jarle/I-4817-2013; Grotan, Vidar/A-4056-2008	Grotan, Vidar/0000-0003-1222-0724			Adams LG, 1998, J MAMMAL, V79, P287, DOI 10.2307/1382865; Agresti A., 2002, CATEGORICAL DATA ANA; ALBON SD, 1992, OIKOS, V65, P502, DOI 10.2307/3545568; ALBON SD, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P69, DOI 10.2307/4800; ALBON SD, 1983, J ANIM ECOL, V52, P969, DOI 10.2307/4467; Andersen R, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V109, P74, DOI 10.1007/s004420050060; Ballard W. 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J	Durrant, R; Adamson, S; Todd, F; Sellman, D				Durrant, Russil; Adamson, Simon; Todd, Fraser; Sellman, Doug			Drug use and addiction: evolutionary perspective	AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY			English	Article						addiction; behavioural addictions; drug use; evolution; life history theory	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; RISK-TAKING; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; ADOLESCENT BRAIN; REWARD SYSTEM; USE DISORDERS; ALCOHOL; BEHAVIOR; ABUSE; MODEL	Drug use creates a significant amount of harm in modern societies. From an evolutionary perspective, the pervasive use of drugs and the ongoing risk of drug addiction can be explained in terms of the action of drugs on evolved motivational-emotional systems. Addiction arises through interaction of these evolutionarily ancient systems, designed to promote the pursuit of natural rewards, and contemporary environments where purified and potent forms of drugs are readily available. This evolutionary analysis is extended to account for developmental patterns in problem drug use, and to explain the existence of behavioural addictions, such as problem gambling. The paper concludes by considering some of the clinical and public policy implications of the evolutionary perspective presented.	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N. Z. J. Psych.		2009	43	11					1049	1056		10.3109/00048670903270449				8	Psychiatry	Psychiatry	514PE	WOS:000271406400007	20001400				2018-11-12	
J	Karell, P; Pietiainen, H; Siitari, H; Pihlaja, T; Kontiainen, P; Brommer, JE				Karell, Patrik; Pietiainen, Hannu; Siitari, Heli; Pihlaja, Tuomo; Kontiainen, Pekka; Brommer, Jon E.			Parental allocation of additional food to own health and offspring growth in a variable environment	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE			English	Article							REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; STRIX-URALENSIS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; VOLE POPULATIONS; BLOOD PARASITES; TENGMALMS OWL; BLACK FLIES; TAWNY OWLS; TRADE-OFFS; BIRDS	Life-history theory predicts increased investment in current reproduction when future reproduction is uncertain and a more balanced investment in current and future reproduction when prospects for both are good. The outcome of the balance in parental allocation depends on which life-history component maximizes the fitness benefits. In our study system, a 3-year vole cycle generates good prospects of current and future reproduction for Ural owls (Strix uralensis Pallas, 1771) in increase vole phases and uncertain prospects in decrease vole phases. We supplementary-fed Ural owls during the nestling period in 2002 ( an increase phase) and 2003 ( a decrease phase), and measured offspring growth, parental effort, and physiological health by monitoring haematocrit, leucocyte profiles, intra- and inter-celluar blood parasites, and ( in 2003) humoral antibody responsiveness. Food supplementation reduced parental feeding rate in both years, but improved a female parent's health only in 2002 ( an increase phase) and had no effects on males in either year. Nevertheless, supplementary-fed offspring reached higher asymptotic mass and fledged earlier in both years. Furthermore, early fledging reduced offspring exposure to blood-sucking black flies ( Diptera, Simuliidae) in the nest. We discuss how parental allocation of resources to current and future reproduction may vary under variable food conditions.	[Karell, Patrik; Pietiainen, Hannu; Kontiainen, Pekka; Brommer, Jon E.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Bird Ecol Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Siitari, Heli; Pihlaja, Tuomo] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Evolutionary Res Unit, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland	Karell, P (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Bird Ecol Unit, POB 65 Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.	Patrik.Karell@Helsinki.Fi	Brommer, Jon/C-3613-2008	Brommer, Jon/0000-0002-2435-2612			Appleby BM, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P315, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00319.x; ARCESE P, 1988, J ANIM ECOL, V57, P119, DOI 10.2307/4768; Atkinson CT, 1991, BIRD PARASITE INTERA, P19; Brommer J, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P454, DOI 10.1086/303335; Brommer JE, 2004, OECOLOGIA, V139, P354, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1528-0; Brommer JE, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V137, P140, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1317-1; Brommer JE, 2002, AUK, V119, P544, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0544:RASIAV]2.0.CO;2; Brommer JE, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P647, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1929; Brommer JE, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P359, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00201.x; Christensen P, 2003, J MAMMAL, V84, P1292, DOI 10.1644/BBa-014; Dawson RD, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V52, P43, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0486-y; Fair J, 2007, IBIS, V149, P535, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00680.x; Fridolfsson AK, 1999, J AVIAN BIOL, V30, P116, DOI 10.2307/3677252; Hipkiss T, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P693, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00635.x; HIRSHFIELD MF, 1975, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V72, P2227, DOI 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2227; Hornfeldt B, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P2045, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3141; Ilmonen P, 1999, OIKOS, V86, P79, DOI 10.2307/3546571; Karell P, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P2248, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01423.x; KORPIMAKI E, 1993, FUNCT ECOL, V7, P420, DOI 10.2307/2390029; Malmqvist B, 2004, ECOSCIENCE, V11, P187, DOI 10.1080/11956860.2004.11682824; MARTIN TE, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P453, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002321; Marzal A, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V142, P541, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1757-2; Merino S, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2507, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1312; MYLLYMAKI A, 1971, Annales Zoologici Fennici, V8, P177; NORRDAHL K, 1995, BIOL REV, V70, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1995.tb01654.x; Norris K, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P19, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.19; Ojanen U, 2002, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V13, P153; Ots I, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P700, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00219.x; Overskaug K, 1999, CONDOR, V101, P169, DOI 10.2307/1370460; PIETIAINEN H, 1993, FUNCT ECOL, V7, P726, DOI 10.2307/2390195; PIETIAINEN H, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P905, DOI 10.2307/5132; Pinheiro JC, 2000, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS; *R DEV COR TEAM, 2006, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; SAUROLA P, 1987, BIOL CONSERVATION NO, P81; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Shutler D, 1996, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V60, P569, DOI 10.2307/3802074; Stearns S. 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J	Cassey, P; Boulton, RL; Ewen, JG; Hauber, ME				Cassey, Phillip; Boulton, Rebecca L.; Ewen, John G.; Hauber, Mark E.			Reduced clutch-size is correlated with increased nest predation in exotic Turdus thrushes	EMU			English	Article						life-history theory; maternal effects; New Zealand	NEW-ZEALAND; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; PASSERINE BIRDS; EGG-PRODUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; TITS PARUS; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; RISK	A fundamental prediction of life-history theory is that individuals should reduce their reproductive investment per breeding attempt when the risk of nest predation is high. We tested this trade-off in two species of exotic Turdus thrushes in New Zealand (Common Blackbird (T. merula) and Song Thrush (T. philomelos)). Differences in nest survival were estimated between two habitats (horticultural and agricultural) and among four replicate horticultural sites. Overall, we identified shared patterns of nest survival within a habitat but a significant interaction with different habitats. Critically, as predicted by life-history theory, we found that clutch-size consistently and positively co-varied with site-specific rates of nest survival. Although site-specific difference in habitat and variation in female quality cannot be ruled out as explanations for this pattern, our results support the hypothesis that females can manipulate their reproductive effort across different predation regimes. Future experimental work is required to test these alternate hypotheses explicitly, and to demonstrate the behavioural cues that might lead to variable levels of reproductive effort and trade-offs of maternal resources.	[Cassey, Phillip; Boulton, Rebecca L.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ornithol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England; [Ewen, John G.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England; [Hauber, Mark E.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand	Cassey, P (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ornithol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.	p.cassey@bham.ac.uk			University of Auckland Research Council; Human Frontier Science Program	For help with accommodation and field work, we thank the following individuals: R. Peacock, B. and G. Cassey, K. Mathews, G. and S. Cassey, M. Thompson, D. Armstrong, Y. Richard and N. MacArthur. We are also grateful for discussions with S. J. Reynolds, A. P. Moller, and T. Grim. Our study was conducted under licence number 0443 from the New Zealand Department of Conservation (NZ), and benefited from funding by the University of Auckland Research Council and the Human Frontier Science Program (to PC and MEH).	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J	Giosan, C; Wyka, K				Giosan, Cezar; Wyka, Katarzyna			Is a Successful High-K Fitness Strategy Associated with Better Mental Health?	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Fitness; adaptedness; high-K; r/K; life history theory; psychopathology; PTSD; anger; sleep disturbance; disability	SLEEP QUALITY INDEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDERS; HISTORY; WOMEN; FERTILITY; PSYCHOSIS; PATHOLOGY; ORIGINS	This study examined the associations between a high-K fitness strategy and mental health. These associations were tested on a sample of 1400 disaster workers who had exposure to a singular traumatic event and who underwent psychological evaluations. The results showed that high-K was an important negative predictor of psychopathology, accounting for significant variance in PTSD, general psychopathology, functional disability, anger, and sleep disturbances. Implications of the results are discussed.	[Giosan, Cezar; Wyka, Katarzyna] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10021 USA	Giosan, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10021 USA.	cezar@giosan.com	Giosan, Cezar/J-7426-2015	Giosan, Cezar/0000-0002-1260-6830			Andreasen N. C., 1984, BROKEN BRAIN BIOL RE; Avila M, 2001, SCHIZOPHR RES, V47, P233, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00062-1; BLAKE DD, 1995, J TRAUMA STRESS, V8, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF02105408; BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; BUYSSE DJ, 1989, PSYCHIAT RES, V28, P193, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4; CHESSON A, 2000, STANDARDS PRACTICE C, V23, P247; Cowling V., 2004, PSYCHIAT B, V28, P43, DOI DOI 10.1192/PB.28.2.43; CROW TJ, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V167, P12, DOI 10.1192/bjp.167.1.12; CROW TJ, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P76, DOI 10.1192/S0007125000296530; Crow TJ, 1997, SCHIZOPHR RES, V28, P127, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00110-2; Derogatis L. R., 1982, BRIEF SYMPTOM INVENT; Derogats LR, 1993, BRIEF SYMPTOM INVENT; Doi Y, 2000, PSYCHIAT RES, V97, P165, DOI 10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00232-8; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; First MB, 1997, STRUCTURED CLIN INTE; Fiske AP, 1997, J NERV MENT DIS, V185, P211, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199704000-00001; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; GIOSAN C, 2007, NE EV PSYCH SOC C SU; Haukka J, 2003, AM J PSYCHIAT, V160, P460, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.460; Howard LM, 2002, AM J PSYCHIAT, V159, P991, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.991; Jablensky A, 1998, SCHIZOPHR RES, V29, P20, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)88338-7; Leith KP, 1996, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V71, P1250, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1250; MAC ARTHUR ROBERT H., 1967; Marks I, 1987, FEARS PHOBIAS RITUAL; MARKS IM, 1994, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V15, P247, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7; McGrath J, 1998, SCHIZOPHR RES, V29, P20, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)88340-5; McGuire MT, 1997, MALADAPTED MIND CLAS, P255; Mealey L, 2000, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V11, P105, DOI 10.1007/s12110-000-1005-3; Nesse R, 1998, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V71, P397, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb01000.x; Nesse R, 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, P903; NESSE R, 1994, WHY WE GET SICK NEW; PIANKA ER, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P592, DOI 10.1086/282697; RUSHTON JP, 1990, J PERS, V58, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00910.x; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; Sheehan D.V., 1983, ANXIETY DIS; Silove D, 1998, PSYCHIATRY, V61, P181, DOI 10.1080/00332747.1998.11024830; SPIELBERGER CD, 1988, DICT BEHAV ASSESSMEN, P446; VALENSTEIN ES, 1998, BLAMING BRAIN TRUTH; Wakefield JC, 1997, BEHAV RES THER, V35, P633, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00018-1; Wakefield JC, 2003, ADVANCING DSM: DILEMMAS IN PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS, P23; Weathers F., 1993, ANN CONV INT SOC TRA; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1; WOLPERT L, 1999, MALIGNANT SADNESS AN	43	7	7	2	6	SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC	THOUSAND OAKS	2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA	1474-7049			EVOL PSYCHOL-US	Evol. Psychol.		2009	7	1					28	39						12	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	453UM	WOS:000266638400004		DOAJ Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Kirsner, BR; Figueredo, AJ; Jacobs, WJ				Kirsner, Beth Randi; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Jacobs, W. Jake			Structural Relations among Negative Affect, Mate Value, and Mating Effort	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						negative affect; mate value; mating effort; Life History Theory; depression; anxiety	BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY; COVITALITY; MOOD; RISK; SELF	We compared the ability of models based on evolutionary economic theory and Life History (LH) Theory to explain relations among self-reported negative affect, mate value, and mating effort. Method: Two hundred thirty-eight undergraduates provided multiple measures of these latent constructs, permitting us to test a priori predictions based on Kirsner, Figueredo, and Jacobs (2003). We compared the fit of the initial model to the fit of five alternative theory-driven models using nested model comparisons of Structural Equations Models. Rejecting less parsimonious and explanatory models eliminated the original model. Two equally parsimonious models explained the data pattern well. The first, based on evolutionary economic theory, specified that Negative Affect increases both Personal Mate Value and Mating Effort via the direct effects specified in the original model. The second, based on LH Theory, specified that Negative Affect, Personal Mate Value, and Mating Effort relate spuriously through a common latent construct, the LH Factor. The primary limitation of the present study is generalizability. We used self-reports taken from a young, university-based sample that included a spectrum of affective states. We cannot know how well these models generalize to an older population or to actual behavior. Both models predict the presence of a rich pattern of mate acquisition and retention behaviors, including an alarming set of behavioral tactics often not considered or targeted during treatment. Moreover, each model suggests a unique set of problems may arise after an effective intervention. We describe several ways to distinguish these models empirically.	[Kirsner, Beth Randi] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Psychol, Kennesaw, GA USA; [Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Jacobs, W. Jake] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Kirsner, BR (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Psychol, Kennesaw, GA USA.	bkirsner@kennesaw.edu; ajf@u.arizona.edu; wjj@u.arizona.edu					Beck A. T., 1996, MANUAL BECK DEPRESSI; BUSS DM, 1988, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P291, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(88)90010-6; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; CONVERSE J, 1993, RESOURCE THEORY EXPL, P31; Dozois DJA, 1998, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V10, P83, DOI 10.1037//1040-3590.10.2.83; EIBLEIBESFELDT I, 1970, ETHOLOGY BIOL BEHAV; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Figueredo A. J., 2007, MATING INTELLIGENCE, P335; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; FIGUEREDO AJ, 2009, HUMAN NATUR IN PRESS; FIGUEREDO AJ, 2007, REV MEXICANA PSICOLO, V6; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V41, P431, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.004; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; GANGESTAD SW, 2000, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V23, P473; GROSSCUP SJ, 1980, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V36, P252, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<252::AID-JCLP2270360131>3.0.CO;2-S; HUSTON TL, 1979, SOCIAL EXCHANGE DEV, P3, DOI DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-143550-9.50007-0; James L. R, 1982, CAUSAL ANAL ASSUMPTI; JOHNSON JE, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V51, P532, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(199507)51:4<532::AID-JCLP2270510410>3.0.CO;2-K; Kelly H. H., 1978, INTERPERSONAL RELATI; KENRICK DT, 1990, J PERS, V58, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00909.x; Kessler RC, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P593, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593; Kirsner BR, 2003, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V75, P131, DOI 10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00048-4; Lesure-Lester GE, 2001, COLL STUDENT J, V35, P317; MAC ARTHUR ROBERT H., 1967; McNeill KF, 1996, PSYCHOL REP, V79, P745, DOI 10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.745; Miller G. F., 2000, MATING MIND SEXUAL C; Rowe DC, 1997, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V23, P105, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00005-6; Sanders SA, 1999, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V281, P275, DOI 10.1001/jama.281.3.275; Sefcek J. A., 2007, THESIS U ARIZONA; Smith HM, 2000, J CAREER ASSESSMENT, V8, P283, DOI 10.1177/106907270000800306; SPIELBERGER CD, 1970, MANUAL STATE TRAIT A; Thibaut J., 1959, SOCIAL PSYCHOL GROUP; Tooby J., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, V163, P163, DOI DOI 10.1098/RSTB.2006.1991; WENNER C, 2009, THESIS U ARIZONA; WIDAMAN KF, 1985, APPL PSYCH MEAS, V9, P1, DOI 10.1177/014662168500900101; Yuen KSL, 2003, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V75, P11, DOI 10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00022-8	38	6	6	0	2	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL	DAVIE	C/O TOOD K SHACKELFORD, DIR, FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, 2912 COLLEGE AVE, DAVIE, FL 33314 USA	1474-7049			EVOL PSYCHOL	Evol. Psychol.		2009	7	3					374	397						24	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	515SD	WOS:000271492300004		DOAJ Gold			2018-11-12	
B	Cao, ZJ; Ye, J		Sohn, S; Kwack, KD; Um, K; Lee, GY; Ko, F		Cao, Zengjie; Ye, Jing			Attention Savings and emoticons usage in BBS	ICCIT: 2009 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCES AND CONVERGENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2			English	Proceedings Paper	4th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology	NOV 24-26, 2009	Seoul, SOUTH KOREA	IEEE		emoticons; evolutionary psychology; attention savings; BBS	COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MESSAGE INTERPRETATION; ONLINE	There are a lot of studies on the usage of emoticons, most of which investigate the differences between men and women in usage, but they ignored the common features of emoticons users. The purpose of this article is to solve this problem: is there any psychological motivation when people using emoticons? Firstly, we find the habits and characteristics of emoticons used in Chinese BBS, according to the Sina Forum which is one of the top ten Chinese BBS. Secondly, we discuss this problem by combing the communicative means of BBS and the characteristic of information society with the evolutionary psychology perspective and semeiology in computer-mediated communication (CMC). The results showed that the use of emoticons in BBS has obvious relationship with access and decoding way of emoticons. The easier it was decoded and acquired, the more frequently it was used. We conclude that attention savings is an important psychological motivation in using emoticons.	[Cao, Zengjie; Ye, Jing] Zhejiang Univ Technol, Inst Informat & Commun, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, Peoples R China	Cao, ZJ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ Technol, Inst Informat & Commun, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.	caozj@126.com; yejinglamei888@yahoo.com.cn					Androutsopoulos J, 2006, J SOCIOLING, V10, P419, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9841.2006.00286.x; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Berghel H, 2003, COMMUN ACM, V46, P15, DOI 10.1145/859670.859687; Bjorklund DF, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P213, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.007; BROMMER JE, 2000, BIOL REV CAMBRIDGE P, V75, P2000; Derks D, 2008, SOC SCI COMPUT REV, V26, P379, DOI 10.1177/0894439307311611; Derks D, 2008, CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV, V11, P99, DOI 10.1089/cpb.2007.9926; Huang AH, 2008, INFORM MANAGE-AMSTER, V45, P466, DOI 10.1016/j.im.2008.07.001; Huffaker D. A., 2005, J COMPUTER MEDIATED, V10; LEI Z, 2009, W ATTENTION EC RES; LEI Z, 2007, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL; Lo SK, 2008, CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV, V11, P595, DOI 10.1089/cpb.2007.0132; Mirzoeff Nicolas, 1998, VISUAL CULTURE READE, P7; Nicoll MAC, 2006, J APPL ECOL, V43, P567, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01165.x; ROBERT R, 2007, J LANG SOC PSYCHOL, V26, P299; Roff DA, 2007, NAT REV GENET, V8, P116, DOI 10.1038/nrg2040; Simon Herbert A., 1971, COMPUTERS COMMUNICAT, P40; TAKEUCHI A, 1993, P ACM IFIP INTERCHI, P187; WAKE WH, 2003, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; WALTHER JB, 1992, COMMUN RES, V19, P52, DOI 10.1177/009365092019001003; Walther JB, 2001, SOC SCI COMPUT REV, V19, P324, DOI 10.1177/089443930101900307; Wolf A, 2000, CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV, V3, P827, DOI 10.1089/10949310050191809	22	4	4	0	4	IEEE	NEW YORK	345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA			978-1-4244-5244-6				2009							416	419						4	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering	Computer Science	BQC70	WOS:000280705700082					2018-11-12	
J	Hamel, S; Cote, SD; Gaillard, JM; Festa-Bianchet, M				Hamel, Sandra; Cote, Steeve D.; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Festa-Bianchet, Marco			Individual variation in reproductive costs of reproduction: high-quality females always do better	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						annual reproductive success; bighorn sheep; mountain goat; roe deer; weaning	LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; EUROPEAN ROE DEER; RED DEER; CAPITAL BREEDER; BIGHORN EWES; MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MOUNTAIN GOATS; SOCIAL RANK	Although life-history theory predicts substantial costs of reproduction, individuals often show positive correlations among life-history traits, rather than trade-offs. The apparent absence of reproductive costs may result from heterogeneity in individual quality. Using detailed longitudinal data from three contrasted ungulate populations (mountain goats, Oreamnos americanus; bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis; and roe deer, Capreolus capreolus), we assessed how individual quality affects the probability of detecting a cost of current reproduction on future reproduction for females. We used a composite measure of individual quality based on variations in longevity (all species), success in the last breeding opportunity before death (goats and sheep), adult mass (all species), and social rank (goats only). In all species, high-quality females consistently had a higher probability of reproduction, irrespective of previous reproductive status. In mountain goats, we detected a cost of reproduction only after accounting for differences in individual quality. Only low-quality female goats were less likely to reproduce following years of breeding than of nonbreeding. Offspring survival was lower in bighorn ewes following years of successful breeding than after years when no lamb was produced, but only for low-quality females, suggesting that a cost of reproduction only occurred for low-quality females. Because costs of reproduction differ among females, studies of life-history evolution must account for heterogeneity in individual quality.	[Hamel, Sandra; Cote, Steeve D.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; [Festa-Bianchet, Marco] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Festa-Bianchet, Marco] Univ Laval, Ctr Etudes Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada	Hamel, S (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, 1045 Ave Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.	sandra.hamel@bio.ulaval.ca		Gaillard, Jean-Michel/0000-0003-0174-8451; Festa-Bianchet, Marco/0000-0002-2352-3379	Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation; Alberta Conservation Association; Alberta Sports, Recreation, Parks and Wildlife Foundation (ASRPW); Alberta Wildlife Enhancement Fund; Universite de Sherbrooke; Universite Laval; Foundation for North American Wild Sheep; Office National de la Chasse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; GICC2 research program	The mountain goat research was financed by the Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Rocky Mountain Goat Foundation, the Alberta Conservation Association, the Alberta Sports, Recreation, Parks and Wildlife Foundation (ASRPW), the Alberta Wildlife Enhancement Fund, the Universite de Sherbrooke, and Universite Laval. The bighorn sheep research was financed by NSERC, ASRPW, the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep, and the Universite de Sherbrooke. The roe deer research was financed by the Office National de la Chasse, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and the GICC2 research program. We thank the many biologists who assisted with fieldwork and M. Garel for help with NDVI data. Valuable comments from J. Taillon and two anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of the manuscript.	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Anim. Ecol.	JAN	2009	78	1					143	151		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01459.x				9	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	382QP	WOS:000261620800017	18700872	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Morse, DH				Morse, Douglass H.			Post-reproductive changes in female crab spiders (Misumena vatia) exposed to a rich prey source	JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY			English	Article						Dispersal; gain in mass; nest-guarding; semelparity; senescence	PATCH-CHOICE DECISIONS; THOMISIDAE; ARANEAE; SUCCESS; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; INSECTS; CAPTURE; NESTS	Life history theory predicts that the intensity of selection will decline as individuals age; thus, adaptive traits should decrease during post-reproductive stages. To test this prediction, I measured several potential fitness variables in adult female crab spiders [Misumena vatia (Clerck 1757): Thomisidae]: maximum mass before laying, mass after laying, mass at release into hunting site, carapace width, and days since egg-laying upon A) daily rate of loss in mass after egg-laying while guarding a brood and 13) daily rate of gain in mass after release into a rich hunting site. These individuals were members of a normally semelparous population guarding their nests without feeding for 1-26 days past egg-laying. Rate of decline in mass of the spiders slowed significantly over time (P < 0.01), and large individuals lost mass relatively faster than smaller ones (P < 0.05), but no other tested variables affected their rate of loss in mass. However, none of the above-noted variables significantly affected their rate of gain in mass after release into the hunting site. None of these individuals likely produced a second brood. The scarcity of relationships among variables measured, especially those following release into the rich hunting site, is consistent with these individuals experiencing little or no direct selection for fitness-enhancing traits subsequent to egg-laying. The exceptions noted for the guarding period probably resulted directly from success at an earlier life stage.	Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA	Morse, DH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912 USA.	d_morse@brown.edu			National Science Foundation [IBN98-16692]	This study was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (IBN98-16692). I thank K. J. Eckelbarger, T. E. Miller, L. Healy, and other staff members of the Darling Marine Center of the University of Maine for facilitating work on the premises. M. Tatar contributed valuable discussion, and two reviewers provided helpful comments.	ANDERSON JF, 1970, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V33, P51, DOI 10.1016/0010-406X(70)90483-4; ANDERSON JF, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P576, DOI 10.2307/1935148; FISHER R. A., 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; FRITZ RS, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V65, P194, DOI 10.1007/BF00379217; Futami K, 2005, ETHOLOGY, V111, P1126, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01126.x; Morse DH, 1996, EVOL ECOL, V10, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF01237723; MORSE DH, 1979, OECOLOGIA, V39, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF00345442; MORSE DH, 1988, BEHAVIOUR, V107, P297, DOI 10.1163/156853988X00395; MORSE DH, 1988, ECOLOGY, V69, P1970, DOI 10.2307/1941174; MORSE DH, 1987, J ARACHNOL, V15, P193; MORSE DH, 1994, J ARACHNOL, V22, P195; MORSE DH, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1814, DOI 10.2307/1940032; MORSE DH, 1985, J ARACHNOL, V13, P383; MORSE DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P172, DOI 10.2307/1937042; MORSE DH, 2007, PREDATOR FLOWER; Packer C, 1998, NATURE, V392, P807, DOI 10.1038/33910; Roff Derek A., 1992; Schneider JM, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P731; Smithe F.B, 1975, NATURALISTS COLOR GU; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TALLAMY DW, 1986, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V31, P369, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.002101; Tallamy DW, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V57, P727, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.1008; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; WILLSON MF, 1997, USDA FOREST SERVICE, V498, P1	25	2	2	0	5	AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC	COLLEGE PARK	UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA	0161-8202	1937-2396		J ARACHNOL	J. Arachnol.		2009	37	1					72	77		10.1636/SH07-145.1				6	Entomology	Entomology	425VH	WOS:000264665100008					2018-11-12	
J	Venable, DL; Rees, M				Venable, D. Lawrence; Rees, Mark			The scaling of seed size	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Letter						adult body size; juvenile period; life-history theory; scaling; seed size	TRADE-OFFS; PLANTS; STRATEGIES; ALLOMETRY; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; MASS	1. Rees & Venable (2007; Journal of Ecology, 95, 926-936) critically evaluated ideas of Moles et al. to explain the cross-species positive correlation between offspring size and adult size, arguing that they had misinterpreted the theoretical literature, and used cross-species patterns to constrain the evolution of life-histories. 2. In a reply to Rees & Venable, Westoby et al. (2009; Journal of Ecology, 97, 23-26) claimed we had misrepresented their views. Here we try to clarify the arguments indicating points of agreement and disagreement. 3. Using simple models we then extend the current theory to allow (i) the time during which seedling survival is influenced by seed mass to scale with the duration of the juvenile period and (ii) the intensity of stress experienced by seedlings to scale with adult size. These new models predict that species with long juvenile periods or large adult size will have larger seeds. 4. We synthesize the new theoretical ideas with our current understanding of the evolution of seed mass, and suggest that much of the observed increase in seed mass with adult body size may be due to constraints correlated with adult body size.	[Venable, D. Lawrence] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Rees, Mark] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Venable, DL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	venable@email.arizona.edu			Natural Environment Research Council [NER/A/S/2002/00940/2]		Aarssen LW, 2005, OIKOS, V111, P199, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.14206.x; Brouat C, 1998, NEW PHYTOL, V139, P459, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00209.x; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Cornelissen JHC, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V118, P248, DOI 10.1007/s004420050725; FALSTER DS, 2008, AM NATURALIST, V172; Grime J. P., 2002, PLANT STRATEGIES VEG; Grubb PJ, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, p783A, DOI 10.1126/science.1116097; LEISHMAN MR, 1992, J ECOL, V80, P417, DOI 10.2307/2260687; Moles AT, 2004, J ECOL, V92, P384, DOI 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00880.x; Moles AT, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P10540, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0501473102; Nee S, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P1236, DOI 10.1126/science.1114488; Nee S, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, DOI 10.1126/science.1121675; REES M, 1994, AM NAT, V144, P43, DOI 10.1086/285660; Rees M, 1997, OIKOS, V78, P116, DOI 10.2307/3545807; REES M, 1993, NATURE, V366, P150, DOI 10.1038/366150a0; Rees M, 1996, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V351, P1299, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1996.0113; Rees M, 2007, J ECOL, V95, P926, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01277.x; Salisbury EJ, 1942, REPROD CAPACITY PLAN; Savage VM, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, p198B, DOI 10.1126/science.1123679; SHIPLEY B, 1989, J ECOL, V77, P1093, DOI 10.2307/2260825; VENABLE DL, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P287, DOI 10.1086/285413; Westoby M, 2009, J ECOL, V97, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01396.x	22	20	22	2	49	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0022-0477	1365-2745		J ECOL	J. Ecol.	JAN	2009	97	1					27	31		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01461.x				5	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	383PB	WOS:000261684400006		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Koehler, N; Chisholm, JS				Koehler, Nicole; Chisholm, James S.			Early Psychosocial Stress Affects Men's Relationship Length	JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH			English	Article							ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; SEXUAL-ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; CASUAL SEX; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; GENDER DIFFERENCES; PARENTAL DIVORCE; GENETIC BENEFITS; PHYSICAL ABUSE	Life history theory predicts that the optimal reproductive strategy for individuals in risky and uncertain environments (subjectively experienced as early psychosocial stress) is to maximize current reproduction to minimize the chances of lineage extinction. Having many short-term relationships and many lifetime sex partners are ways to maximize current reproduction, but they come at a cost (e.g., decreased resources for future reproduction, decreased desirability as a future mate, etc.). This study, therefore, examined whether sexually active individuals with high levels of early psychosocial stress report more terminated short-term relationships, a shorter relationship length with their current partner, and more lifetime sex partners than those with less early psychosocial stress. Early psychosocial stress in men was associated with more terminated short-term relationships and a greater number of lifetime sex partners, but not with current relationship length; in women, high early psychosocial stress was associated with shorter current relationship length but not with the number of terminated short-term relationships or number of lifetime sex partners. Results are discussed from the perspective of life history theory and gender differences in preferences for short- and long-term relationships.	[Koehler, Nicole; Chisholm, James S.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia	Koehler, N (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Mail Bag Delivery Point M309,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.	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S	Vitzthum, VJ		Sussman, RW		Vitzthum, Virginia J.			The Ecology and Evolutionary Endocrinology of Reproduction in the Human Female	YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, VOL 52	Yearbook of Physical Anthropology		English	Article; Book Chapter						life history theory; reproductive ecology; ovarian functioning; fecundity; adaptation	MENSTRUAL-CYCLE LENGTH; BREAST-CANCER RISK; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; SALIVARY PROGESTERONE PROFILES; PROSPECTIVE-STUDY AGGREGATE; GENE CYP17 POLYMORPHISM; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION	Human reproductive ecology (HRE) is the study of the mechanisms that link variation in reproductive traits with variation in local habitats. Empirical and theoretical contributions from biological anthropology, physiology, and demography have established the foundation necessary for developing a comprehensive understanding, grounded in life history theory (LHT), of temporal, individual, and populational variation in women's reproductive functioning. LHT posits that natural selection leads to the evolution of mechanisms that tend to allocate resources to the competing demands of growth, reproduction, and survival such that fitness is locally maximized. (That is, among alternative allocation patterns exhibited in a population, those having the highest inclusive fitness will become more common over generational time.) Hence, strategic modulation of reproductive effort is potentially adaptive because investment in a new conception may risk one's own survival, future reproductive opportunities, and/or current offspring survival. The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is the principal neuroendocrine pathway by which the human female modulates reproductive functioning according to the changing conditions in her habitat. Adjustments of reproductive investment in a potential conception are manifested in temporal and individual variation in ovarian cycle length, ovulation, hormone levels, and the probability of conception. Understanding the extent and causes of adaptive and non-adaptive variation in ovarian functioning is fundamental to ascertaining the proximate and remote determinants of human reproductive patterns. In this review I consider what is known and what still needs to be learned of the ecology of women's reproductive biology, beginning with a discussion of the principal explanatory frameworks in HRE and the biometry of ovarian functioning. Turning next to empirical studies, it is evident that marked variation between cycles, women, and populations is the norm rather than an aberration. Other than woman's age, the determinants of these differences are not well characterized, although developmental conditions, dietary practices, genetic variation, and epigenetic mechanisms have all been hypothesized to play some role. It is also evident that the reproductive functioning of women born and living in arduous conditions is not analogous to that of athletes, dieters, or even the lower end of the "normal range" of HPO functioning in wealthier populations. Contrary to the presumption that humans have low fecundity and an inefficient reproductive system, both theory and present evidence suggest that we may actually have very high fecundity and a reproductive system that has evolved to be flexible, ruthlessly efficient and, most importantly, strategic. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 52:95-136, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	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Phys. Anthropol.		2009	52						95	136		10.1002/ajpa.21195				42	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	BPL86	WOS:000279182600004	19890865	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Franssen, CM; Tobler, M; Riesch, R; de Leon, FJG; Tiedemann, R; Schlupp, I; Plath, M				Franssen, Courtney M.; Tobler, Michael; Riesch, Rudiger; Garcia de Leon, Francisco J.; Tiedemann, Ralph; Schlupp, Ingo; Plath, Martin			Sperm production in an extremophile fish, the cave molly (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae, Teleostei)	AQUATIC ECOLOGY			English	Article						Cave fish; Energy limitation; Hydrogen sulfide; Spermatogenesis; Testes weight	DWELLING ATLANTIC MOLLIES; MATING PREFERENCES; SEXUAL-HARASSMENT; SULFIDE; TOLERANCE; BEHAVIOR; FEMALES; DETOXIFICATION; ADAPTATIONS; RESPONSES	A prominent trade-off in life history theory and evolution balances the costs of reproduction with those of basic somatic needs. Hence, reproductive efforts may be reduced in environments where additional energy is required for somatic maintenance. Here, we investigated male sperm stores in Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana) from a sulfidic cave and several sulfidic and non-sulfidic surface habitats. We found significant differences among populations in the number of sperm stripped per male, which was also correlated with differences in gonad weights. The largest sperm stores were detected in males from non-sulfidic surface creeks, while males from a partially sulfidic surface system had lower sperm counts, and males from completely sulfidic systems, surface as well as subterranean, had even fewer available sperm. We conclude that the extreme environmental conditions in sulfidic habitats appear to constrain male sperm production, since hydrogen sulfide as a naturally occurring toxin requires energy-demanding adaptations. Furthermore, we examined sperm counts of lab-reared cave and surface mollies in response to energy limitation. Males from stock populations were placed under high and low food treatments for a 2-week period and then stripped of sperm. Sperm counts of surface mollies tended to be reduced by low food availability, whereas sperm counts of cave mollies did not significantly vary between food treatments, which likely points towards a higher starvation resistance in cave mollies.	[Franssen, Courtney M.; Tobler, Michael; Riesch, Rudiger; Schlupp, Ingo; Plath, Martin] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA; [Tobler, Michael] Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Garcia de Leon, Francisco J.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico; [Tiedemann, Ralph; Plath, Martin] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Unit Evolutionary Biol & Systemat Zool, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany	Franssen, CM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019 USA.	cfranssen@ou.edu	Riesch, Rudiger/A-5787-2008; TOBLER, Michael/A-9141-2008; Schlupp, Ingo/C-3913-2012	Riesch, Rudiger/0000-0002-0223-1254; Schlupp, Ingo/0000-0002-2460-5667; Garcia de Leon, Francisco Javier/0000-0003-2323-2560	University of Oklahoma; DFG [SCHL344/15-1, PL 470/1-1]; German Ichthyological Association; American Livebearer Association; Basler Foundation for Biological Research; Janggen-Poehn-Foundation; Roche Research Foundation; Wolfermann-Nageli-Foundation	N. Franssen and L. Fromhage kindly provided valuable comments on the manuscript. We thank the Mexican Government for issuing research permits (Permiso de pesca de fomento numbers: 291002-613-1577, DGOPA/5864/260704/-2408, and DGOPA/16988/191205/-8101). Financial support came from the University of Oklahoma, the DFG (SCHL344/15-1; PL 470/1-1), the German Ichthyological Association (M.T. and M.P.), the American Livebearer Association, the Basler Foundation for Biological Research, the Janggen-Poehn-Foundation, the Roche Research Foundation, and the Wolfermann-Nageli-Foundation (M.T.).	Aspbury AS, 2004, ETHOLOGY, V110, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2003.00963.x; BAGARINAO T, 1992, AQUAT TOXICOL, V24, P21, DOI 10.1016/0166-445X(92)90015-F; BAGARINAO T, 1990, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V160, P519; BAGARINAO T, 1989, MAR BIOL, V103, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF00397262; BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; Bell G., 1986, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V3, P83; Birkhead T. 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R, 2003, ESSENTIALS ECOLOGY; Trivers R., 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; WEBER JM, 1983, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V40, P1583, DOI 10.1139/f83-183; Wedell N, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02533-8	44	8	8	0	13	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	1386-2588	1573-5125		AQUAT ECOL	Aquat. Ecol.	DEC	2008	42	4					685	692		10.1007/s10452-007-9128-9				8	Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	371MH	WOS:000260834900016					2018-11-12	
J	Vorburger, C; Ramsauer, N				Vorburger, C.; Ramsauer, N.			Genetic variation and covariation of aphid life-history traits across unrelated host plants	BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH			English	Article						cost of acquisition; genetic correlations; host specialization; life-history evolution; Myzus persicae; trade-offs	GREEN PEACH APHID; MYZUS-PERSICAE; TRADE-OFFS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SITOBION-AVENAE; NO EVIDENCE; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION	A central paradigm of life-history theory is the existence of resource mediated trade-offs among different traits that contribute to fitness, yet observations inconsistent with this tenet are not uncommon. We previously found a clonal population of the aphid Myzus persicae to exhibit positive genetic correlations among major components of fitness, resulting in strong heritable fitness differences on a common host. This raises the question of how this genetic variation is maintained. One hypothesis states that variation for resource acquisition oil different hosts may override variation for allocation, predicting strong fitness differences within hosts as a rule, but changes in fitness hierarchies across hosts due to trade-offs. Therefore, we carried out a life-table experiment with 17 clones of M. persicae, reared on three unrelated host plants: radish, common lambsquarters and black nightshade. We estimated the broad-sense heritabilities of six life-history traits on each host, the genetic correlations an-long traits within hosts, and the genetic correlations among traits on different hosts (cross-environment genetic correlations). The three plants represented radically different environments with strong effects on performance of M. persicae, yet we detected little evidence for trade-offs. Fitness components were positively correlated within hosts but also between the two more benign hosts (radish and lambsquarters), as well as between those and another host tested earlier. The comparison with the most stressful host, nightshade, was hampered by low survival. Survival on nightshade also exhibited genetic variation but was unrelated to fitness on other hosts. Acknowledging that the number of environments was necessarily limited in a quantitative genetic experiment, we suggest that the rather consistent fitness hierarchies across very different plants provided little evidence to support the idea that the clonal variation for life-history traits and their covariance structure are maintained by strong genotype x environment interactions with respect to hosts. Alternative explanations are discussed.	[Vorburger, C.; Ramsauer, N.] Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Vorburger, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.	chrisvor@zool.unizh.ch	Vorburger, Christoph/A-1650-2008	Vorburger, Christoph/0000-0002-3627-0841	University of Zurich; Swiss National Science Foundation	We thank Vanessa Kellermann and Christina Schmuki for maintaining the aphid lines in Australia and the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture for the permit to translocate them to the University of Zfirich. Many thanks also to Antje Wissgott for providing a protocol to improve germination of Solanum nigrum seeds, to Paul Bienz for help with the Cultures and to two reviewers for helpful comments Oil all earlier version of the manuscript. This Study was supported by the 'Forschungskredit' of the University of Zurich and the Swiss National Science Foundation.	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Entomol. Res.	DEC	2008	98	6					543	553		10.1017/S0007485308005853				11	Entomology	Entomology	382OW	WOS:000261616300002	18590593				2018-11-12	
J	Lawson, DW; Mace, R				Lawson, David W.; Mace, Ruth			Sibling configuration and childhood growth in contemporary British families	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY			English	Article							BIRTH-ORDER; INTELLECTUAL-DEVELOPMENT; EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; HEIGHT; CHILDREN; SIZE; INTELLIGENCE; ASSOCIATIONS	Background Life history theory and resource dilution models of the family suggest that siblings may present a threat to healthy development because they compete for resources that parents have available to invest in individual offspring. Using data from a large cohort study of contemporary British families (ALSPAC), we test this hypothesis using childhood growth trajectories as a biomarker for health status. Methods Incorporating time-varying measures of changing family structure and socio-economic environment, this study represents the first true longitudinal analysis of family configuration effects on human growth. Using separate multi-variate multi-level models we estimate the effect of sibling number and sibling age and sex on height from birth to 10 years. Results Adjusting for family level socio-economic factors, the presence of siblings is associated with deficits in height across the study period. At the largest comparison, we estimate that compared with only children, children with four siblings have a reduced birth length by 8.7 mm (95 confidence interval (CI): 14.8 to 2.6) and a reduced rate of growth by 2.3 mm per year (95 CI: 3.8 to 0.8), leading to a deficit of 31.5 mm by age 10. Older siblings are associated with larger lasting negative consequences on height than younger siblings. We find no difference in the height of children in relation to the sex of siblings. Conclusions Even in the relatively wealthy, well-nourished conditions of modern Western society, children are not buffered from the health costs of reduced parental investment. Later-born children appear worst affected by within family resource division.	[Lawson, David W.; Mace, Ruth] UCL, Human Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Dept Anthropol, London WC1H 0BW, England	Lawson, DW (reprint author), UCL, Human Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Dept Anthropol, 14 Taviton St, London WC1H 0BW, England.	d.lawson@ucl.ac.uk		Mace, Ruth/0000-0002-6137-7739	Economic and Social Research Council; Parkes Foundation; Medical Research Council [G9815508]	We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. In particular, we thank Dr Jon Heron for his essential assistance with data management. The UK Medical Resource Council, the Wellcome Trust and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. We thank Laura Fortunato, Mhairi Gibson, Andy Ness, Rebecca Sear, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by an Economic and Social Research Council Studentship and Parkes Foundation Small Grant to the first author.	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J	Crowley, PH				Crowley, Philip H.			Sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites: Trade-offs between sex-specific costs and lifespan	THEORETICAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						ESS; Life history theory; Reproduction-survival trade-off; Reproductive success; Sperm competition; Sperm digestion	NAVANAX-INERMIS OPISTHOBRANCHIA; MALE-FEMALE CONFLICT; SPERM COMPETITION; MATING SYSTEMS; REEF FISH; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; ANIMALS; SIZE; PRINCIPLE	Fitness in self-incompatible simultaneous hermaphrodites incorporates gains and costs from both male and female reproductive function, and evolutionarily stable allocation of gonadal tissue to male or female function depends on these gains and costs. Paradoxically, despite the often equal expected gains but different costs associated with each sex, contributions to expected reproductive success through male and female function must be identical. Whenever allocation costs are unequal and limiting resources are energetically expensive or risky to acquire, these costs must ultimately be paid through reduced survival, resolving the paradox by equally diminishing expected reproductive success as male and as female. Maximizing fitness as lifetime reproductive success - not just reproductive rate alone, as in previous studies - maximizes the product of expected survival time and reproductive rate. The analysis shows how male-biased allocation can thereby arise and generate novel predictions on the relation between intensity of sperm competition and allocation to male function.	[Crowley, Philip H.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; [Crowley, Philip H.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Behav, Lexington, KY 40506 USA	Crowley, PH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.	pcrowley@uky.edu					Angeloni L, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P419, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.3.419; Anthes N, 2005, CURR BIOL, V15, pR792, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.035; Anthes N, 2006, ANIM BEHAV, V72, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.017; Arnqvist G, 2005, SEXUAL CONFLICT; Baeza JA, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P2360, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00199.x; CHARNOV E L, 1982; CHARNOV EL, 1976, NATURE, V263, P125, DOI 10.1038/263125a0; CHARNOV EL, 1980, MAR BIOL LETT, V1, P269; Charnov EL, 1996, EVOL ECOL, V10, P457, DOI 10.1007/BF01237878; FISCHER EA, 1984, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V66, P143; FISCHER EA, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P64, DOI 10.1086/283686; FISCHER EA, 1987, BIOSCIENCE, V37, P482, DOI 10.2307/1310420; FISHER R. A., 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; GHISELIN MT, 1969, Q REV BIOL, V44, P189, DOI 10.1086/406066; Greeff JM, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1759; Greeff JM, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1671, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0830; Greeff JM, 1999, AM NAT, V153, P421, DOI 10.1086/303184; Koene JM, 2005, ANIM BEHAV, V69, P845, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.07.012; Leonard JL, 2005, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V45, P856, DOI 10.1093/icb/45.5.856; LEONARD JL, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P282, DOI 10.1086/284269; LEONARD JL, 1991, ANIM BEHAV, V41, P255, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80477-4; LEONARD JL, 1985, CAN J ZOOL, V63, P2719, DOI 10.1139/z85-406; LEONARD JL, 1993, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V36, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF00002793; Marconato A, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P971, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0245; Michiels N. K., 1998, SPERM COMPETITION SE, P219, DOI 10.1016/B978-012100543-6/50032-5; Michiels NK, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P473, DOI 10.1093/icb/icj043; Michiels NK, 1998, NATURE, V391, P647, DOI 10.1038/35527; MORGAN MT, 1994, AM NAT, V144, pS100, DOI 10.1086/285655; Pen I, 1999, EVOL ECOL RES, V1, P517; Petersen Christopher W., 2002, P103, DOI 10.1016/B978-012615185-5/50007-4; Petersen CW, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P636, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03874.x; PETERSEN CW, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V83, P62, DOI 10.1007/BF00324635; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Scharer L, 2004, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V56, P420, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0802-9; Scharer L, 1999, J FISH BIOL, V55, P329, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.1999.0997; Sella G, 1999, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V402, P203, DOI 10.1023/A:1003748710921; SELLA G, 1985, ANIM BEHAV, V33, P938, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80028-2; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Warner RR, 1998, J FISH BIOL, V53, P82, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.1998.0825; Wedell N, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02533-8; Williams G. C., 1975, SEX EVOLUTION	41	2	2	0	8	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG	HEIDELBERG	TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY	1874-1738			THEOR ECOL-NETH	Theor. Ecol.	DEC	2008	1	4					199	208		10.1007/s12080-008-0020-6				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	500UT	WOS:000270331700002					2018-11-12	
J	Riou, S; Hamer, KC				Riou, Samuel; Hamer, Keith C.			Predation risk and reproductive effort: impacts of moonlight on food provisioning and chick growth in Manx shearwaters	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article						breeder; Manx shearwater; moonlight; parental care; parent-offspring conflict; Puffinus puffinus; risk taking	PUFFINUS-PUFFINUS; NESTLING OBESITY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; STORM-PETRELS; BEHAVIOR; AVOIDANCE; SURVIVAL; FLYCATCHER; FECUNDITY; SEABIRDS	According to life history theory, it is particularly important for long-lived iteroparous species to balance effort invested in reproduction against risks to future reproductive potential, leading to a conflict between investment in current versus potential future offspring. If providing care for offspring entails a risk of predation, parents must compromise between ensuring offspring growth and survival and ensuring their own survival. We addressed three hypotheses for the outcome of this conflict, which focus on different costs and benefits, and relate variation in parental effort to: ( 1) the parent's own risk of predation; ( 2) the reproductive value of the offspring; and ( 3) the harm that offspring would suffer in the absence of such care. We tested these hypotheses using Manx shearwaters, Puffinus puffinus, which, in common with many burrow-nesting seabirds, are active above ground only at night as a means of reducing attacks by diurnal avian predators. We found that parents were far less likely to return to the colony on moonlit nights, when they were vulnerable to such predators, and tended to delay their arrival until after moonset, which strongly supported hypothesis ( 1). Also, parents of chicks in good condition were more likely to attend the burrow on moonlit nights than those of chicks in poor condition, which supported hypothesis ( 2) but not hypothesis ( 3). Growth of chicks was suppressed on clear nights around the full moon, such that they experienced well-below average growth during one week in four. This could help explain the accumulation of fat stores by the chick that has evolved in some nocturnal seabirds. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Riou, Samuel; Hamer, Keith C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England	Riou, S (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.	fbssr@leeds.ac.uk			Marie Curie fellowship	We thank the Countryside Council for Wales, the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales and the Skomer and Skokholm Management Committee for permission to work on Skomer Island. We also thank Juan Brown, David Boyle and Chris Perrins for advice and help with logistics, and Annie Harrison and Saada Abdalla for help in the field. 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J	Sanz-Aguilar, A; Tavecchia, G; Pradel, R; Minguez, E; Oro, D				Sanz-Aguilar, Ana; Tavecchia, Giacomo; Pradel, Roger; Minguez, Eduardo; Oro, Daniel			THE COST OF REPRODUCTION AND EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT VITAL RATES IN A SMALL PETREL	ECOLOGY			English	Article						breeding experience; breeding success; demography; multistate capture-recapture analysis; Procellariiformes; reproductive cost; survival probability	CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SKUAS CATHARACTA-SKUA; BRITISH STORM-PETREL; LIFE-HISTORY; BREEDING EXPERIENCE; SOAY SHEEP; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; PUFFINUS-TENUIROSTRIS; BODY CONDITION; BROOD SIZE	Life history theory predicts that higher levels of reproductive investment entail higher reproductive costs especially among young and inexperienced individuals that might not optimize reproductive investment. Using a long-term individual and state-dependent capture-recapture data on Storm Petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus) we analyzed whether breeding experience and current breeding investment were associated with the expression of the cost of reproduction in terms of reduced survival and/or future breeding performance. We found a positive relationship between current breeding investment, breeding experience, and future survival and an improvement in breeding performance with individual experience independently of the previous breeding outcome. Our results suggest that the survival cost paid by first-time breeders and the positive correlation between reproduction and survival corresponds to selection against low quality birds unrelated to the breeding effort. Our work outlines the need to investigate the effect of multiple individual traits on different life history trade-offs simultaneously.	[Sanz-Aguilar, Ana; Tavecchia, Giacomo; Pradel, Roger; Oro, Daniel] CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats IMEDEA, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain; [Pradel, Roger] CNRS, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34033 Montpellier, France; [Minguez, Eduardo] Parque Nat Serra Gelada & Entorno Litoral Gen Val, Alicante 03501, Spain	Sanz-Aguilar, A (reprint author), CSIC UIB, Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats IMEDEA, Miquel Marques 21, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain.	ana.sanz@uib.es	Tavecchia, Giacomo/N-3961-2014; Sanz-Aguilar, Ana/D-3778-2014; Pradel, Roger/A-8666-2008; Oro, Daniel/H-4208-2012	Tavecchia, Giacomo/0000-0001-5435-2691; Sanz-Aguilar, Ana/0000-0002-4177-9749; Pradel, Roger/0000-0002-2684-9251; Oro, Daniel/0000-0003-4782-3007	Spanish Ministry of Science [AP2004-1128, BOS2003-01960, CGL2006-04325/BOS, SAB-2006-0014]	We acknowledge the many people who participated in the field work over the years. We are indebted to the ward and Environmental Monitoring Service of Benidorm Island (Parque Natural Serra Gelada y su entorno litoral-Generalitat Valenciana). We are also very grateful to Remi Choquet for his invaluable help with the software. Alejandro Martinez-Abrain and three anonymous referees made constructive comments on an early draft. Ana Sanz-Aguilar was supported by a postgraduate grant (AP2004-1128) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, which also funded the study through several grants (BOS2003-01960, CGL2006-04325/BOS, and SAB-2006-0014/Roger Pradel).	Barbraud C, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P682, DOI 10.1890/04-0075; BARBRAUD C, 2006, ACTA ZOOL SINICA, V52, P101; Blums P, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V143, P365, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1794-x; Boulinier T, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1284, DOI 10.2307/2265880; Bradley JS, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P639, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00422.x; BROWNIE C, 1993, BIOMETRICS, V49, P1173, DOI 10.2307/2532259; Burnham K. 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J	Zani, PA				Zani, Peter A.			Climate Change Trade-Offs in the Side-Blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana): Effects of Growing-Season Length and Mild Temperatures on Winter Survival	PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY			English	Article							DIAPAUSING AGLAIS-URTICAE; INACHIS-IO LEPIDOPTERA; GOLDENROD GALL FLY; POTENTIAL FECUNDITY; OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL; EUROSTA-SOLIDAGINIS; NATURAL-SELECTION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; CLUTCH SIZE	An expanding body of literature has demonstrated that global climate change continues to adversely affect many populations, species, and ecosystems. However, life-history theory also predicts possible benefits from longer growing seasons and less severe winters, particularly for ectotherms. To test the idea that climate change will have benefits as well as costs, I studied the impacts of growing-season length on growth and overwintering conditions on survival time using side-blotched lizards ( Uta stansburiana). Experiments in replicate field enclosures revealed that fall growing-season length has a direct effect on overwintering body size. Laboratory experiments revealed that both size and overwintering temperature have direct effects on winter survival time. Larger lizards are more likely to survive longer regardless of winter temperature. Furthermore, animals in colder (but still mild) winter microenvironments are more likely to survive longer than those in warmer winter environments. These results indicate that warmer winters caused by global climate change have the potential to negatively affect ectotherm populations. However, longer growing seasons may offset losses by allowing additional growth and energy storage. Thus, environmental alterations associated with climate change may be simultaneously beneficial and detrimental, and the long-term persistence of certain organisms may depend on the relative strength of their effects.	[Zani, Peter A.] Hamilton Coll, Dept Biol, Clinton, NY 13323 USA	Zani, PA (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA.	zanip@lafayette.edu			Hamilton College Dean's Office	I thank the many people who made this study possible. Jon Milgrom, Trevor Jones, and Ryan Neuhaus helped collect animals. Dave Ganskopp received overnight shipments and released experimental animals. Kathy Flannery allowed me to camp in her yard and provided lab space in her garage in Hines. Pat Reynolds and Bill Pfitsch agreed to alter their teaching schedules to allow me to conduct fall fieldwork. Dottie Kemp allowed me to use a car. Bill Bradshaw provided numerous discussions that led to this experiment. Christina Holzapfel and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The Hamilton College Biology Department provided space and student support for this project. Travel funding was provided by the Hamilton College Dean's Office.	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Biochem. Zool.	NOV-DEC	2008	81	6					797	809		10.1086/588305				13	Physiology; Zoology	Physiology; Zoology	367JD	WOS:000260547400009	18826371				2018-11-12	
J	Yang, DM; Li, GY; Sun, SC				Yang, Dongmei; Li, Guoyong; Sun, Shucun			The generality of leaf size versus number trade-off in temperate woody species	ANNALS OF BOTANY			English	Article						allometry; trade-off; leafing intensity; leaf size; leaf habit; leaf form	ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; SUPPORT COSTS; CORNERS RULES; LIFE-SPAN; PATTERNS; PLANTS; ALLOMETRY; BIOMASS; SHOOT; DIMENSIONS	Background and Aims Trade-offs are fundamental to life-history theory, and the leaf size vs. number trade-off has recently been suggested to be of importance to our understanding leaf size evolution. The purpose of the present study was to test whether the isometric, negative relationship between leaf size and number found by Kleiman and Aarssen is conserved between plant functional types and between habitats. Methods Leaf mass, area and number, and stem mass and volume of current-year shoots were measured for 107 temperate broadleaved woody species at two altitudes on Gongga Mountain, south-west China. The scaling relationships of leaf size (leaf area and mass) vs. (mass-and volume-based) leafing intensity were analysed in relation to leaf habit, leaf form and habitat type. Trait relationships were determined with both a standardized major axis method and a phylogenetically independent comparative method. Key Results Significant negative, isometric scaling relationships between leaf size and leafing intensity were found to be consistently conserved across species independent of leaf habit, leaf form and habitat type. In particular, about 99% of the variation in leaf mass across species could be accounted for by proportional variation in mass-based leafing intensity. The negative correlations between leaf size and leafing intensity were also observed across correlated evolutionary divergences. However, evergreen species had a lower y-intercept in the scaling relationships of leaf area vs. leafing intensity than deciduous species. This indicated that leaf area was smaller in the evergreen species at a given leafing intensity than in the deciduous species. The compound-leaved deciduous species were observed usually to have significant upper shifts along the common slopes relative to the simple-leaved species, which suggested that the compound-leaved species were larger in leaf size but smaller in leafing intensity than their simple counterparts. No significant difference was found in the scaling relationships between altitudes. Conclusions The negative, isometric scaling relationship between leaf size and number is largely conserved in plants, while the leaf size vs. number trade-off can be mediated by leaf properties. The isometry of the leaf size vs. number relationship may simply result from a biomass allocation trade-off, although a twig size constraint may provide an alternative mechanism.	[Sun, Shucun] Nanjing Univ, Dept Biol, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China; [Yang, Dongmei; Li, Guoyong; Sun, Shucun] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China	Sun, SC (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Biol, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China.	shcs@nju.edu			National Science Foundation of China [30670333]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-XB2-02]	We thank Dr David Ackerly for insightful suggestions regarding the manuscript, and Xiang Shuang, Guo Ruqing, Yanan Li, Yin Zhou, Wang Shuo and Shi Qin for assistance in the field. Thanks are also due to the staff of the biological station at Gongga Mountain for permitting this study to be conducted. This study was funded by National Science Foundation of China (30670333), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-XB2-02) and NCET to S. S.	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Bot.	OCT	2008	102	4					623	629		10.1093/aob/mcn135				7	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	350BB	WOS:000259326300014	18682438	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Flinks, H; Helm, B; Rothery, P				Flinks, Heiner; Helm, Barbara; Rothery, Peter			Plasticity of moult and breeding schedules in migratory European Stonechats Saxicola rubicola	IBIS			English	Article						migration; moult; phenology; reproduction; timing	WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW; BULLFINCH PYRRHULA-PYRRHULA; CURRENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; REDSHANK TRINGA-TOTANUS; AVIAN PRIMARY MOLT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PIED FLYCATCHERS; POSTNUPTIAL MOLT; SEXUAL CONFLICT; FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS	Timing is crucial in seasonal environments. Passerine birds typically use a combination of physiological mechanisms and environmental cues to ensure that breeding, moult and migration occur without major temporal overlap and under the most favourable conditions. However, late in the breeding season some individuals initiate additional clutches , whereas others initiate moult. Such alternative strategies are thought to reflect trade-offs between reproductive benefits and timely investment in maintenance and survival. The degree of seasonal plasticity differs between species, depending on the mechanisms that govern their annual routine. Migrants are generally under pressure to complete breeding and moult before the autumn departure and often show little plasticity. We studied seasonal plasticity of breeding and moult schedules in the European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola. This species, an obligate short-distance migrant in Central Europe, sometimes initiates late clutches after typically at least two earlier breeding attempts. Based on life-history theory and on observations in captivity, which revealed photoperiodic regulation of breeding and moult, we predicted relatively little seasonal plasticity in Stonechats. We further predicted that reproductive gains of late breeders should be offset by reduced survival. These predictions were tested on long-term field data, using Underhill-Zucchini models to estimate moult. Late breeding occurred in c. 40% of pairs and increased their reproductive success by a third. Both sexes modified moult timing but in different ways. Late breeding females postponed moult approximately until chick independence without compensating for delay by faster moult. Males started moult on time and overlapped it with breeding, associated with markedly slowed plumage change. Sex differences in moult score increased with lay date, but due to their respective modifications, both sexes delayed moult completion. Nonetheless, we could not detect any evidence for survival costs of late breeding. Breeding and moult of European Stonechats appear relatively flexible, despite migratory schedules and photoperiodic programs for seasonal timing. Individuals can modify seasonal behaviour in late summer, presumably depending on their condition, and may profit considerably from extended breeding.	[Flinks, Heiner; Helm, Barbara] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-82346 Andechs, Germany; [Rothery, Peter] Abbots Ripton, CEH Monks Wood, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Huntingdon PE28 2LS, Cambs, England	Helm, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-82346 Andechs, Germany.	helm@orn.mpg.de			Natural Environment Research Council [CEH010021]		Berthold P., 2001, BIRD MIGRATION GEN S; Borras A, 2004, IBIS, V146, P14, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2004.00199.x; Both C, 2001, NATURE, V411, P296, DOI 10.1038/35077063; Daan S., 1989, ACT 19 C INT ORN OTT, V1, P392; Dawson A, 1998, IBIS, V140, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04538.x; Dawson A, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2093, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1254; Dawson A, 2004, AUK, V121, P372, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0372:UAVOAM]2.0.CO;2; DHONDT A A, 1973, Gerfaut, V63, P187; DHONDT AA, 1981, ORNIS SCAND, V12, P127, DOI 10.2307/3676039; DRENT RH, 1980, ARDEA, V68, P225; FLINKS H, 1987, Vogelwelt, V108, P41; Flinks H, 1987, CHARADRIUS, V23, P128; Flinks Heiner, 1999, Vogelwarte, V40, P11; Flinks Heiner, 1997, Vogelwelt, V118, P1; FORSLUND P, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P374, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89141-7; Forstmeier W, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P1097, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1859; FRANKEVOORT W, 1966, UNSERE WIESENSCHMATZ, P370; Gorman HE, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V65, P745, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2120; Gowaty PA, 1997, J AVIAN BIOL, V28, P95, DOI 10.2307/3677302; Gwinner E., 1999, P 22 INT ORN C DURB, P2366; Gwinner E, 1986, CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS E; HAHN TP, 1992, ORNIS SCAND, V23, P314, DOI 10.2307/3676655; Hahn TP, 1997, CURR ORNITHOL, V14, P39; Hall S., 2000, J AVIAN BIOL, V31, P583; Hedenstrom A, 2007, CLIM RES, V35, P79, DOI 10.3354/cr00715; Helm B, 2006, ARDEA, V94, P33; Helm B, 2005, J ORNITHOL, V146, P348, DOI 10.1007/s10336-005-0009-5; Helm B, 2005, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1046, P216, DOI 10.1196/annals.1343.019; Helm B, 2006, ANIM BEHAV, V72, P245, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.12.007; Hemborg C, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P1221, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0885; Hemborg C, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P2003, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0532; Hemborg C, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P429, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00295.x; Hughes L, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P56, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01764-4; HUMPHREY PHILIP S., 1959, AUK, V76, P1; Jenni L, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1467, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2394; Jenni L, 1994, MOULT AGEING EUROPEA; Johannesen E, 2003, J AVIAN BIOL, V34, P198, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03007.x; JOHNSON E D H, 1971, British Birds, V64, P267; JOHNSON E D H, 1971, British Birds, V64, P201; LACK D, 1950, IBIS, V92, P288, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1950.tb01753.x; LEBRETON JD, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P67, DOI 10.2307/2937171; Lessells C.M., 1991, P32; Lind J, 2001, FUNCT ECOL, V15, P29; Mccleery RH, 2007, IBIS, V149, P86; MORTON GA, 1990, CONDOR, V92, P813, DOI 10.2307/1368717; MORTON ML, 1992, ORNIS SCAND, V23, P322, DOI 10.2307/3676656; Morton ML, 2004, CONDOR, V106, P131, DOI 10.1650/7304; MORTON ML, 1994, CONDOR, V96, P1020, DOI 10.2307/1369111; Newton I, 2005, IBIS, V147, P667, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00439.x; NEWTON I, 1966, IBIS, V108, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1966.tb07251.x; Newton I, 2000, IBIS, V142, P65, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb07685.x; Newton I., 2008, ECOLOGY BIRD MIGRATI; NEWTON I, 1989, LIFETIME REPROD BIRD; Nilsson JA, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P711, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0106; NILSSON JA, 1999, P 22 INT ORN C JOH B, P224; Norris DR, 2004, SCIENCE, V306, P2249, DOI 10.1126/science.1103542; NOSKOV GA, 1999, P 22 INT ORN C DURB, P544; PART T, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P868, DOI 10.1086/285445; Payne RB, 1972, AVIAN BIOL, V2, P104; PETTIFOR RA, 1988, NATURE, V336, P160, DOI 10.1038/336160a0; Pilz KM, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V65, P841, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2094; PIMM S, 1976, CONDOR, V78, P550, DOI 10.2307/1367104; Rodl T, 1999, ARDEA, V87, P247; SAMSON FB, 1976, CONDOR, V78, P505, DOI 10.2307/1367100; Sandercock BK, 2002, AUK, V119, P149, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0149:ASROWS]2.0.CO;2; Serra L, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.320415.x; Siikamaki P, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1789, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1789:LORSBF]2.0.CO;2; SIIKAMAKI P, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P587, DOI 10.2307/2389919; Slagsvold T, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P461, DOI 10.2307/2265622; SLAGSVOLD T, 1999, P 22 INT ORN C JOH B, P2622; SMITH JNM, 1981, EVOLUTION, V35, P1142, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1981.tb04985.x; SUMMERS RW, 1983, BIRD STUDY, V30, P149, DOI 10.1080/00063658309476790; Svensson E, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P92, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.1.92; Underhill L. 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J	Focardi, S; Gaillard, JM; Ronchi, F; Rossi, S				Focardi, Stefano; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Ronchi, Francesca; Rossi, Sophie			SURVIVAL OF WILD BOARS IN A VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT: UNEXPECTED LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION IN AN UNUSUAL UNGULATE	JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY			English	Article						capture-mark-recapture; life history; Mediterranean environments; sexual dimorphism; survival; Sus scrofa majori; wild boar	SUS-SCROFA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BODY-MASS; ROE DEER; MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM; DEMOGRAPHIC TACTICS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; SOUTHERN FRANCE; FERAL PIGS	The wild boar(Sus scrofa)is a large, sexually dimorphic ungulate exhibits a life-history tactic different from what would he predicted for a mammal of its size. In particular, litter size is larger and adult survival usually lower in wild boars than in other species of comparable size. We used capture-mark-recapture methods to model survival in a Mediterranean population (S. s. majori) of wild boars during ail 8-year period, using a large sample of individually tagged animals of known age, to investigate demographic patterns and the effects of variable environmental conditions (e.g,, summer droughts), which are believed to have a strong impact on the demography of this species. Contrary to the predictions based on Our Current knowledge of life-history theory, survival of wild boars differed less among age classes and between sexes than has been reported in other large mammals.. As predicted from current theories on sexual selection. the impact of environmental factors was stronger on males than on females. This study documents for wild boars a life-history tactic different from the accepted model for large ungulates but similar to the tactic observed in small terrestrial mammals.	[Focardi, Stefano; Ronchi, Francesca] Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy; [Gaillard, Jean-Michel] Univ Lyon 1, Lab Biometrie Genet & Biol Populat, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; [Rossi, Sophie] Direct Etudes & Rech, Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, F-75008 Paris, France	Focardi, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, Via Ca Fornacetta 9, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy.	stefano.focardi@infs.it			Segretariato della Presideriza della Republica	We thank the Segretariato della Presideriza della Republica for permission to work at Castelporziano and financial support. A. Demichelis and A. Tenelli encouraged the research. Preserve and National Forests rangers Contributed to counts and captures. F. Riga. P. Montanaro, P. Aragno, P. Bergamasco, P. Di Lusio, F. Flavoni, and R. Torchia assisted ill fieldwork. V. Guberti and coworkers provided veterinary assistance during, Captures. J. 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J	Rushton, JP; Bons, TA; Hur, YM				Rushton, J. Philippe; Bons, Trudy Ann; Hur, Yoon-Mi			The genetics and evolution of the general factor of personality	JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY			English	Review						Emotional intelligence; Prosocial behavior; Evolutionary psychology; Life-history theory; Behavior genetics; Twins; Personality theory	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; JOB-PERFORMANCE; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; 5-FACTOR MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY; INCREMENTAL VALIDITY; K-FACTOR; BIG 5	Three studies tested the hypothesis that a general factor of personality (GFP) underlies diverse individual differences including altruism, the Big Five factors of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability, and the EAS temperament traits of Emotional Stability, Activity, and Sociability. In Study 1, 214 university students completed 36 personality scales. In Study 2, 322 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins completed 29 5-point rating scales plus questionnaires. In Study 3, 575 pairs of 2- to 9-year-old Korean twins were rated by their mothers on 25 temperament scales. Factor analyses revealed a hierarchical organization with GFP at the apex and the Big Five and/or EAS temperament scales intermediate. The twin data show GFP has an early age of onset with 50% of the variance attributable to non-additive (dominance) genetic influence and 50% to unique, non-shared environmental influence. We discuss a life history matrix encompassing brain size, maturational speed, and longevity, plus emotional intelligence and the personality disorders, and suggest natural selection acted directionally to endow people with more cooperative and less contentious personalities than their archaic ancestors, or nearest living relatives, the chimpanzees. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Rushton, J. Philippe; Bons, Trudy Ann] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada; [Hur, Yoon-Mi] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea	Rushton, JP (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.	Rushton@uwo.ca					Ahn J., 2003, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V42, P141; Alexander R. 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J	Becker, FG; de Carvalho, S; Hartz, SM				Becker, Fernando Gertum; de Carvalho, Silene; Hartz, Sandra Maria			Life-history of the South American darter, Characidium pterostictum (Crenuchidae): evidence for small scale spatial variation in a piedmont stream	NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY			English	Article						Fish; Condition; Reproductive trade-off; Natural disturbance	BROWN TROUT; MICROGEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; COASTAL STREAM; LOTIC SYSTEMS; SALMO-TRUTTA; BRAZIL; PATTERNS	The present study compares the reproduction, condition and size of the small characiform fish, Characidium pterostictum, sampled at close sites differing in severity of flash flood effects. Data were obtained from seasonal samples in two sites situated 8 km apart in the same stream. In the upstream site, habitat is more severely affected by flash floods than in the downstream site, and this difference was hypothesized to produce differences in life history and individual reproduction trade-off patterns, as predicted by life-history theory. The results provided evidence for small-scale spatial variation in life-history and trade-off patterns within the studied population. At the most severely disturbed site, C. pterostictum displayed a trade-off pattern that favored reproductive life-span (e. g., larger size, higher and seasonally stable condition, larger mean size of mature females) over instantaneous reproductive output (lower gonadosomatic index), while the opposite pattern was observed in the less disturbed site. Because of the differences in disturbance effects between each sampling site, these results suggest that within-stream variability in the severity of hydrological disturbance can influence life-history patterns at small spatial scales. An implication of the results is that fish occupying areas that are hydrologically more variable within a stream are not necessarily at an energetic or reproductive disadvantage, but may be simply under environmental conditions that favor distinct patterns of energy allocation (or trade-offs) and population persistence, as predicted by life-history theory. Therefore, plasticity in life-history is expected to be common in stream fish populations that are widespread in a stream system with spatially variable or patchy habitat characteristics.	[Becker, Fernando Gertum; de Carvalho, Silene; Hartz, Sandra Maria] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Ecol, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil	Becker, FG (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Ecol, Av Bento Goncalves 9500,Caixa Postal 15007, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.	sandra.hartz@ufrgs.br	Becker, Fernando/B-4331-2012; Hartz, Sandra/A-8052-2012	Becker, Fernando/0000-0002-8295-2691; Hartz, Sandra/0000-0002-6536-1072	CAPES; WWF/USAID; PIBIC-CNPq/UFRGS; CNPq [304036/2007-2]	We thank C. B. Fialho and M. P. Albrecht for suggestions to an earlier version of the manuscript, L. C. Kucharski for advice on data analysis and to two anonymous referees, whose contribution improved the manuscript. This work was partially supported by CAPES, WWF/USAID and PIBIC-CNPq/UFRGS (to SC) and a CNPq research grant to SMH (304036/2007-2).	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J	Templer, DI				Templer, Donald I.			Correlational and factor analytic support for Rushton's differential K life history theory	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						Rushton; IQ; skin color; life expectancy; infant mortality; reproductive strategies; r/K theory	RACE DIFFERENCES; SKIN COLOR; IQ; INTELLIGENCE; STRATEGY; TEMPERATURE; PERSONALITY; PERSPECTIVE; COVITALITY; SELECTION	The present study examines predictions from Rushton's differential K theory that diverse traits covary with intelligence, reproductive strategies, speed Of Maturation, parental care, and longevity. The predictions are tested by inter-correlating 129 cross-national differences in 10, birth rate, infant mortality, HIV/AIDS, and life expectancy. A K super-factor accounted for 75% of the variance. Moreover, the correlations were significantly higher with skin color, a biological variable, than they were with gross domestic product (GDP), a Culturally influenced variable. The median of the 2 1 inter-correlations among the seven variables was 0.68. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alliant Int Univ, Calif Sch Profess Psychol, Fresno, CA 93704 USA	Templer, DI (reprint author), Alliant Int Univ, Calif Sch Profess Psychol, Fresno, CA 93704 USA.	donaldtempler@sbcglobal.net					BIASUTTI R, 1967, RAZZE POPOLI TERRA; BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; Cavalli-Scorza LL, 1994, HIST GEOGRAPHY HUMAN; Cvorovic J, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V44, P1604, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.019; ELLIS L, 1988, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V9, P697, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(88)90059-1; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Hunt E, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P131, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.004; Jensen AR, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P128, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.003; JENSEN AR, 1998, G FACTOR; Kanazawa S, 2008, INTELLIGENCE, V36, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2007.04.001; LYNN R, 1991, MANKIND QUART, V31, P255; Lynn R, 2006, IQ GLOBAL INEQUALITY; Lynn R, 2002, IQ WEALTH NATIONS; Lynn R., 2006, RACE DIFFERENCES INT; MAC ARTHUR ROBERT H., 1967; PIANKA ER, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P592, DOI 10.1086/282697; Rowe DC, 1997, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V23, P105, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00005-6; ROWE DC, 1994, J RES CRIME DELINQ, V31, P374, DOI 10.1177/0022427894031004002; ROWE DC, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P61, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.1.61; Rushton J. P., 1995, RACE EVOLUTION BEHAV; Rushton JP, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V44, P768, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.011; Rushton JP, 2005, PSYCHOL PUBLIC POL L, V11, P235, DOI 10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235; Rushton JP, 2004, INTELLIGENCE, V32, P321, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.003; RUSHTON JP, 1990, J PERS, V58, P117, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00910.x; RUSHTON JP, 1989, SOC SCI MED, V28, P1211, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(89)90339-0; RUSHTON JP, 1985, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V6, P441, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90137-0; RUSHTON JP, J RES PERSO IN PRESS; Templer DI, 2006, INTELLIGENCE, V34, P121, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2005.04.002; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1	31	40	40	0	7	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	OCT	2008	45	6					440	444		10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.010				5	Psychology, Social	Psychology	353QF	WOS:000259582600001					2018-11-12	
J	Rollinson, N; Brooks, RJ				Rollinson, Njal; Brooks, Ronald J.			Sources and significance of among-individual reproductive variation in a northern population of Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta)	COPEIA			English	Article							OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; CLUTCH-SIZE; STERNOTHERUS-ODORATUS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; OVARIAN CYCLE; MUSK TURTLE; PLASTICITY; NUMBER; OUTPUT; ENVIRONMENTS	Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta) are often used to test life-history theory. However, within populations, the factors that contribute to among-individual variation in egg size and clutch size are poorly understood, and an understanding of the biotic and abiotic parameters that contribute to this variation Is Important when framing patterns of maternal Investment in a life-history context. We examined proximate sources of reproductive variation in a northern population of Painted Turtles, we attempted to frame these sources of variation in a life-history context, and we evaluate which optimality model most adequately explains patterns of reproductive allocation in populations of small-bodied turtles. We used multiple linear regression on data from 168 first clutches of marked females that nested at a long-term study site In Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, in 2004. We found that mean egg mass was positively related to maximum plastron length (MPL) and female age, and negatively related to clutch size and water temperature prior to oviposition. Clutch size was positively related to MPL and carapace height, and negatively related to mean egg mass, and the number of clutches laid in the season. Body size (MPL) was the most Important predictor of each reproductive parameter, and residual analysis indicated that egg mass was more conserved than clutch size across the range of female body sizes sampled in this study. Thus, egg size may be optimized as a body size-specific function, and In light of this, we suggest that I phenotype-habitat matching' may occur in C. picta. If a female's phenotype (e.g., body size) influences the selective environment of her eggs and hatchlings (e.g., if larger females generally nest farther away from water), then the optimal strategy of maternal investment should vary among maternal phenotypes. The positive correlation between egg mass and body size that was observed in the present study can be explained in adaptive terms under hypotheses based on the concept of phenotype-habitat matching.	[Rollinson, Njal; Brooks, Ronald J.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Rollinson, N (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.	njal.rollinson@gmail.com; rjbrooks@uoguelph.ca			Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	We thank P. Tran, M. Carriere, T. Alkins, and H. Kitching for their work on the project in 2004. We also thank the management and staff at the Wildlife Research Station for providing accommodations, and both J. Porter and R. Farmer for editing earlier versions of this manuscript. Research was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council grants to N. Rollinson, R. J. Brooks, and the Wildlife Research Station. Animal handling was authorized under protocol number 04R064 which was approved by the University of Guelph Animal Care Committee.	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J	Love, OP; Salvante, KG; Dale, J; Williams, TD				Love, Oliver P.; Salvante, Katrina G.; Dale, James; Williams, Tony D.			Specific variability in the immune system across life-history stages	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						cell-mediated immunity; life-history theory; sex-specific differences; individual variation; repeatability; zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)	CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; STARLING STURNUS-VULGARIS; IN-FIELD CRICKETS; SPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUS; INTER-SEXUAL DIFFERENCES; TRADE-OFFS; HOUSE SPARROWS; EGG-PRODUCTION; TREE SWALLOWS; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION	Organisms theoretically manage their immune systems optimally across their life spans to maximize fitness. However, we lack information on ( 1) how the immune system is managed across life-history stages, ( 2) whether the sexes manage immunity differentially, and ( 3) whether immunity is repeatable within an individual. We present a within-individual, repeated-measures experiment examining life-history stage variation in the inflammatory immune response in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). In juveniles, age-dependent variation in immune response differed in a sex-and context-specific manner, resulting in no repeatability across stages. In adults, females displayed little stage-dependent variation in immune response when laying while receiving a high-quality ( HQ) diet; however, laying while receiving a low-quality (LQ) diet significantly reduced both immune responses and reproductive outputs in amanner consistent with a facultative (resource-driven) effect of reproduction on immunity. Moreover, a reduced immune response in females who were raising offspring while receiving an HQ diet suggests a residual effect of the energetic costs of reproduction. Conversely, adult males displayed no variation in immune responses across stages, with high repeatability from the nonbreeding stage to the egg-laying stage, regardless of diet quality ( HQ diet,; LQ diet,). r = 0.51 r = 0.42 Females displayed high repeatability when laying while receiving the HQ diet (r = 0.53); however, repeatability disappeared when individuals received the LQ diet. High-response females receiving the HQ diet had greater immune flexibility than did low-response females who were laying while receiving the LQ diet. Data are consistent with immunity being a highly plastic trait that is sex-specifically modulated in a context-dependent manner and suggest that immunity at one stage may provide limited information about immunity at future stages.	[Love, Oliver P.; Salvante, Katrina G.; Dale, James; Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada	Love, OP (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.	olovea@sfu.ca; ksalvante@unc.edu; jamesdale68@yahoo.com; tdwillia@sfu.ca	Dale, James/E-7203-2011	Dale, James/0000-0001-5950-5829	Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)	We wish to thank S. Poirier for her help with data collection. We also wish to thank C. Lessells for statistical help in calculating repeatability and E. Love, C. Semeniuk, E. Wagner, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous drafts of this article. This research was funded by an operating Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grant to T. D. W. and postdoctoral NSERC awards to O.P.L., K.G.S, and J.D.	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Nat.	SEP	2008	172	3					E99	E112		10.1086/589521				14	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	338ST	WOS:000258529700002	18665797				2018-11-12	
J	Warne, RW; Charnov, EL				Warne, Robin W.; Charnov, Eric L.			Reproductive allometry and the size-number trade-off for lizards	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Review						clutch size; offspring size; trade-off; reproductive allometry; life history; lizards	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; IGUANAS AMBLYRHYNCHUS-CRISTATUS; RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; FLORIDA SCRUB LIZARD; SCELOPORUS-UNDULATUS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; OFFSPRING SIZE; EGG SIZE; LACERTA-VIVIPARA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY	Fundamental to life-history theory is the assumed inverse proportionality between the number of offspring and the resource allocation per offspring. Lizards have been model organisms for empirical tests of this theory for decades; however, the expected negative relationship between clutch size and offspring size is often not detected. Here we use the approach developed by Charnov and Ernest to demonstrate that this often concealed trade-off can be made apparent in an interspecific comparison by correcting for size-dependent resource allocation. Our data set also shows a tight allometry for annual production that is consistent with life-history models for indeterminate growers. To account for nonindependence of species data we also compare the fit of nonphylogenetic and phylogenetic regression models to test for phylogenetic signal in these allometry and trade-off patterns. When combined, these results demonstrate that the offspring size/ clutch size trade-off is not isolated to a single clutch but is shaped by the resource investment made over an entire year. We conclude that, across diverse lizard species, there is strong evidence for the predicted trade-off between offspring size and the annual number of eggs produced.	[Warne, Robin W.; Charnov, Eric L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Warne, RW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	rwarne@unm.edu; rlc@unm.edu	Warne, Robin/A-8978-2013				ABTS ML, 1987, ECOL MONOGR, V57, P215, DOI 10.2307/2937081; ALCALA AC, 1967, COPEIA, P596; BALLINGER RE, 1981, J NAT HIST, V15, P213, DOI 10.1080/00222938100770171; BALLINGER RE, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P269, DOI 10.2307/1934336; BALLINGER RE, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P628, DOI 10.2307/1939012; BALLINGER RE, 1985, COPEIA, P976; Bauwens D, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P91, DOI 10.1086/285980; BLAIR WF, 1960, RUSTY LIZARD POPULAT; Blomberg SP, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00285.x; Blomberg SP, 2001, AUSTRAL ECOL, V26, P349, DOI 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01120.x; Bonnet X, 2001, OIKOS, V92, P297, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920212.x; Bowden RM, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P522, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00861.x; BROOKS GR, 1967, ECOL MONOGR, V37, P71, DOI 10.2307/2937336; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; BUSTARD HR, 1971, COPEIA, P658; Calder W. 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Nat.	SEP	2008	172	3					E80	E98		10.1086/589880				19	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	338ST	WOS:000258529700001	18673058				2018-11-12	
J	Tieleman, BI; Dijkstra, TH; Klasing, KC; Visser, GH; Williams, JB				Tieleman, B. Irene; Dijkstra, Thomas H.; Klasing, Kirk C.; Visser, G. Henk; Williams, Joseph B.			Effects of experimentally increased costs of activity during reproduction on parental investment and self-maintenance in tropical house wrens	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						cost of reproduction; handicap experiment; life-history evolution; physiological trade-offs	SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CLUTCH-SIZE; TREE SWALLOWS; BROOD SIZE; SAVANNAH SPARROWS; TROGLODYTES-AEDON; FOOD AVAILABILITY	Life-history theory assumes that organisms trade-off current against future reproduction to maximize fitness. Experimental explorations of the costs of reproduction have not yielded a clear understanding of the nature of these costs but rather point to a complex set of allocation possibilities among several physiological functions and behaviors. We investigated how experimentally increased flight costs affected the trade-off between parental investment and self-maintenance in tropical house wrens, which have relatively high annual survival and multiple breeding opportunities per year. We predicted that handicapped wrens would not increase their energy expenditure but instead decrease their effort to rear young in order to maintain their own body condition. Our results largely supported these predictions: handicapped parents decreased their nestling feeding frequency but did neither alter their field metabolic rate (FMR) nor compromise their body condition as measured by basal metabolic rate (BMR) and several measures of innate immune function. Reduced feeding rates did not affect nestling body mass growth but resulted in decreased structural growth (length of tarsus). The latter result can be explained if parents shifted the type of prey brought to offspring or altered the amount of food brought per trip. The experiment-wide positive correlations among FMR, BMR, and feeding frequency are in agreement with the hypothesis that hard work requires elevated levels of BMR. These correlations, in combination with the absence of a handicap treatment effect on FMR or BMR, do not lend support for predictions from studies in the laboratory that birds compensate hard work during the day by lowering their BMR at night. Considering a complex set of allocation possibilities among several physiological functions and behaviors, we conclude that tropical wrens take out the costs of a handicap largely on their offspring quality not on self-maintenance processes.	[Tieleman, B. Irene] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA; [Tieleman, B. Irene; Dijkstra, Thomas H.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands; [Klasing, Kirk C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Visser, G. Henk] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; [Williams, Joseph B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA	Tieleman, BI (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 1 Univ Dr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.	B.I.Tieleman@rug.nl			National Science Foundation IRCEB [0212587]	National Science Foundation IRCEB (0212587).	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Ecol.	SEP-OCT	2008	19	5					949	959		10.1093/beheco/arn051				11	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	348HF	WOS:000259200900003		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Rasanen, K; Soderman, F; Laurila, A; Merila, J				Rasanen, Katja; Soderman, Fredrik; Laurila, Anssi; Merila, Juha			Geographic variation in maternal investment: Acidity affects egg size and fecundity in Rana arvalis	ECOLOGY			English	Article						amphibians; egg size; environmental stress; fecundity; life history; pH; reproduction; trade-off	MOOR FROG; NATURAL-SELECTION; STRESS TOLERANCE; CLUTCH SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; LOCAL ADAPTATION; OFFSPRING SIZE; TRADE-OFF; NUMBER; AMPHIBIANS	Environmental-stress-mediated geographic variation in reproductive parameters has been little studied in natural vertebrate populations outside the context of climatic variation. Based on life-history theory, an increase in the degree of environmental stress experienced by a population should lead to (1) a shift in reproductive allocation from fecundity to offspring quality, (2) stronger trade-offs between reproductive parameters, and (3) changes in the relationship between female phenotype and maternal investment. To test these predictions, we investigated geographic variation in maternal investment of moor frogs (Rana arvalis) in relation to breeding site acidity (pH 4-8). We found that mean egg size increased and clutch size and total reproductive output (TRO) decreased with increasing acidity among 19 Swedish moor frog populations. Tests for variation and co-variation in maternal investment and female size and age in 233 females from a subset of four acid origin (AO) and four neutral origin (NO) populations revealed that clutch size and TRO increased with female size in both acid and neutral environments. However, in AO populations, egg size also increased with female size, and clutch size and TRO with female age, whereas in NO populations, egg size increased with female age. The strength of the egg-size-clutch-size trade-off tended to be stronger in AO than in NO females as expected if the former experience stronger environmental constraints. All in all, these results suggest that environmental acidfication selects for investment in larger eggs at a cost to fecundity, imposes negative effects on reproductive output, and alters the relationship between female phenotype and maternal investment.	[Rasanen, Katja; Soderman, Fredrik; Laurila, Anssi] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Populat & Conservat Biol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [Merila, Juha] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Ecol Genet Res Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland	Rasanen, K (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol IBZ Eawag, Dept Aquat Ecol, Ueberlandstr 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.	katja.rasanen@eawag.ch	Merila, Juha/A-4061-2008	Merila, Juha/0000-0001-9614-0072	Swedish Agriculture and Forestry Research Council; The Swedish Natural Science Research Council; Academy of Finland; Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation	We thank M. Svensson and P. Jacobsson for help with skeletochronological preparations; K. Varkonyi, E. Nettelbladt, and J.- K. Larsson for help in the field; J. Brommer, A. Hendry, J. Hoglund, N. Kolm, G.-P. Saetre, J. Jokela, and two anonymous referees for useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The animals were collected and handled with the permissions from Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University. This study was supported by grants from Swedish Agriculture and Forestry Research Council (Juha Merila), The Swedish Natural Science Research Council (Juha Merila), Academy of Finland (Juha Merila), and Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation (Fredrik Soderman).	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J	Verberk, WCEP; Siepel, H; Esselink, H				Verberk, Wilco C. E. P.; Siepel, Henk; Esselink, Hans			Life-history strategies in freshwater macroinvertebrates	FRESHWATER BIOLOGY			English	Review						adaptations; functional groups; predictive framework; reproductive tactics; species traits	DEVELOPED ECOLOGICAL THEORY; UPPER RHONE RIVER; SPECIES TRAITS; HABITAT TEMPLET; AQUATIC INSECTS; PARENTAL CARE; COMMUNITIES; OLIGOCHAETA; EVOLUTION; FUTURE	1. Explaining spatial and temporal differences in species assemblages is a central aim of ecology. It requires a sound understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship of species with their environment. A species trait is widely acknowledged to be the key that links pattern and process, although the enormous variety of traits hampers generalization about which combination of traits are adaptive in a particular environment. 2. In three steps, we used species traits to match species and environment, and chose lentic freshwater ecosystems to illustrate our approach. We first identified key environmental factors and selected the species traits that enable the organism to deal with them. Secondly, we investigated how investments in these traits are related (e.g. through trade-offs). Thirdly, we outlined 13 life-history strategies, based on biological species traits, their interrelations known from life-history theory and their functional implications. 3. Species traits and environmental conditions are connected through life-history strategies, with different strategies representing different solutions to particular ecological problems. In addition, strategies may present an integrated response to the environment as they are based on many different traits and their interrelationships. The presence and abundance of (species exhibiting) different life-history strategies in a location may therefore give direct information about how a particular environment is experienced by the species present. 4. Life-history strategies can be used to (i) explain differences in species assemblages either between locations or in different periods; (ii) compare waterbodies separated by large geographical distances, which may comprise different regional species pools or span species distribution areas and (iii) reduce often very complex, biodiverse assemblages into a few meaningful, easily interpretable relationships.	[Verberk, Wilco C. E. P.; Siepel, Henk; Esselink, Hans] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Wetland & Water Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Verberk, Wilco C. E. P.; Esselink, Hans] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Bargerveen Fdn, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Siepel, Henk] Alterra Green World Res, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Wageningen, Netherlands	Verberk, WCEP (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Wetland & Water Res, Dept Anim Ecol & Ecophysiol, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.	w.verberk@science.ru.nl	Siepel, Henk/C-2579-2011; Verberk, Wilco/E-6337-2011	Siepel, Henk/0000-0003-4503-4485; Verberk, Wilco/0000-0002-0691-583X			Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Aukema B., 2002, VERSPREIDINGSATLAS N, VI; Baldo L, 2005, J EXP ZOOL PART A, V303A, P168, DOI 10.1002/jez.a.144; Berendonk TU, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P116, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0116:TPMAAC]2.0.CO;2; BERRIGAN D, 1991, OIKOS, V60, P313, DOI 10.2307/3545073; Bonada N, 2007, GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL, V13, P1658, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01375.x; Braby M.F., 1995, OIKOS, V72, P89; Buchwald R., 1994, Advances in Odonatology, V6, P121; Calder W. 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SEP	2008	53	9					1722	1738		10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02035.x				17	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	336YN	WOS:000258402800002		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Sinervo, B; Clobert, J; Miles, DB; McAdam, A; Lancaster, LT				Sinervo, B.; Clobert, J.; Miles, D. B.; McAdam, A.; Lancaster, L. T.			The role of pleiotropy vs signaller-receiver gene epistasis in life history trade-offs: dissecting the genomic architecture of organismal design in social systems	HEREDITY			English	Review						life history trade-offs; social system; Price equation; epistasis; pleiotropy; selection	CORRELATIONAL SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; ONTOGENIC CONFLICT; SEXUAL SELECTION; IMMUNE FUNCTION; MATE CHOICE; BODY-SIZE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; MATING STRATEGIES; UTA-STANSBURIANA	Traditional life history theory ignores trade-offs due to social interactions, yet social systems expand the set of possible trade-offs affecting a species evolution-by introducing asymmetric interactions between the sexes, age classes and invasion of alternative strategies. We outline principles for understanding gene epistasis due to signaller-receiver dynamics, gene interactions between individuals, and impacts on life history trade-offs. Signaller-receiver epistases create trade-offs among multiple correlated traits that affect fitness, and generate multiple fitness optima conditional on frequency of alternative strategies. In such cases, fitness epistasis generated by selection can maintain linkage disequilibrium, even among physically unlinked loci. In reviewing genetic methods for studying life history trade-offs, we conclude that current artificial selection or gene manipulation experiments focus on pleiotropy. Multi-trait selection experiments, multi-gene engineering methods or multiple endocrine manipulations can test for epistasis and circumvent these limitations. In nature, gene mapping in field pedigrees is required to study social gene epistases and associated trade-offs. Moreover, analyses of correlational selection and frequency-dependent selection are necessary to study epistatic social system trade-offs, which can be achieved with group-structured versions of Price's (1970) equation.	[Sinervo, B.; Lancaster, L. T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Sinervo, B.; Clobert, J.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, CNRS, UMR 5174, F-31062 Toulouse, France; [Sinervo, B.; Clobert, J.] Stn Ecol Expt CNRS Moulis, St Girons, France; [Miles, D. B.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA; [McAdam, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [McAdam, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA	Sinervo, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Earth & Marine Sci Bldg, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	sinervo@biology.ucsc.edu			Toulouse University; NSF	This paper was prepared in part during a visiting Professorship awarded by Toulouse University to BS. We also thank Etienne Danchin, Andy Gardner and Alexis Chaine for stimulating discussions on this topic, and especially Alexis Chaine and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on previous drafts of this paper. Research was supported by an NSF grant awarded to BS and AGM.	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J	Dearborn, DC; Anders, AD; Juola, FA				Dearborn, D. C.; Anders, A. D.; Juola, F. A.			Parent age differentially influences offspring size over the course of development in Laysan albatross	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						age; development; growth rate; life-history theory; parental care; Phoebastria immutabilis	BREEDING PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; EXPERIENCE; GROWTH; SENESCENCE; INCREASES; SURVIVAL; SEABIRDS; CHICKS	Offspring growth and survival are predicted to be higher for older parents, due to a variety of mechanisms, such as increased breeding experience or greater investment favored by low residual reproductive value. Yet the extent to which parent age affects offspring viability is likely to vary between different aspects of growth and survival, perhaps being most pronounced at the most stressful stages of reproduction. We studied the link between parent age and nestling growth and survival in the Laysan albatross, a long-lived seabird with a mean first breeding age of 8 years. Offspring of older parents were more likely to survive to fledging. Among those that did fledge, nestlings of older parents grew more rapidly. However, parent age did not influence the eventual asymptotic size that nestlings reached before fledging: fast-growing nestlings of older parents reached 90% of asymptotic size roughly 1 week sooner, but slow-growing nestlings of younger parents eventually caught up in size before fledging. Older parents bred c. 2 days earlier than younger parents, but hatch date did not explain observed variation in offspring success. The extent to which parent age accounted for variation in size of individual nestlings was not constant but peaked near the midpoint of development. This could reflect a time period when demands on parents reveal age-based differences in parental quality. Overall, growth and survival of offspring increased with parent age in this species, even though the late age of first breeding potentially provides a 7-year period for birds to hone their foraging skills or for selection to eliminate low-quality individuals.	[Dearborn, D. C.; Juola, F. A.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA; [Dearborn, D. C.; Juola, F. A.] Bucknell Univ, Program Anim Behav, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA; [Anders, A. D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA	Dearborn, DC (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA.	don.dearborn@bucknell.edu					Auman H. J., 1997, ALBATROSS BIOL CONSE, P239; Berrow SD, 2000, IBIS, V142, P199, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04859.x; Blight LK, 1997, MAR POLLUT BULL, V34, P323, DOI 10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00095-1; Bunce A, 2005, J ZOOL, V266, P163, DOI 10.1017/S0952836905006734; Cameron EZ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P243, DOI 10.1007/s002650050661; Cezilly F, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P27, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)81065-2; Clutton-Brock T. H., 1991, EVOLUTION PARENTAL C; Daunt F, 2007, FUNCT ECOL, V21, P561, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01260.x; Daunt F, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1489, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0805; Ericsson G, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1613, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1613:ARREAS]2.0.CO;2; Espie RHM, 2004, IBIS, V146, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00294.x; Fernandez P, 2001, J ZOOL, V254, P391, DOI 10.1017/S0952836901000899; FISHER HI, 1975, AUK, V92, P433, DOI 10.2307/4084599; FISHER HI, 1976, WILSON BULL, V88, P121; FORSLUND P, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P374, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89141-7; GEBHARDTHENRICH S, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV, P324; Hipfner JM, 2002, AUK, V119, P827, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0827:GONTBM]2.0.CO;2; *IUCN, 2006, IUCN RED LIST THREAT; Keller LF, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P1229, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01434.x; Kitaysky AS, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P445, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3351; Kitaysky AS, 2003, HORM BEHAV, V43, P140, DOI 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00030-2; MAPPES J, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P314, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.3.314; Mauck RA, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P880, DOI 10.1554/03-147; Metcalfe NB, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P254, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02124-3; Nussey DH, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P1342, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00989.x; Paitz RT, 2007, BIOL LETT-UK, V3, P44, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0573; Saether B.-E., 1990, Current Ornithology, V7, P251; Smith RJ, 2005, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V57, P231, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0855-9; STARCK JM, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SYDEMAN WJ, 1991, J ANIM ECOL, V60, P135, DOI 10.2307/5450; VANNOORDWIJK AJ, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO, P305; Weimerskirch H, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P309, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0309:SDIPIA]2.0.CO;2; WHITTOW GC, 1993, BIRDS N AM, V66	34	2	2	0	12	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0952-8369			J ZOOL	J. Zool.	SEP	2008	276	1					14	20		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00436.x				7	Zoology	Zoology	342LC	WOS:000258784600002					2018-11-12	
J	Selman, C; McLaren, JS; Collins, AR; Duthie, GG; Speakman, JR				Selman, Colin; McLaren, Jane S.; Collins, Andrew R.; Duthie, Garry G.; Speakman, John R.			The impact of experimentally elevated energy expenditure on oxidative stress and lifespan in the short-tailed field vole Microtus agrestis	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						lifespan; metabolic rate; oxidative stress; cold exposure; life-history trade-offs; antioxidant	DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; METABOLIC-RATE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; COLD-EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTION; BIRDS; LONGEVITY; DAMAGE; LIMITS	Life-history theory assumes that animal life histories are a consequence of trade-offs between current activities and future reproductive performance or survival, because resource supply is limited. Empirical evidence for such trade-offs in the wild are common, yet investigations of the underlying mechanisms are rare. Life-history trade-offs may have both physiological and ecological mediated costs. One hypothesized physiological mechanism is that elevated energy metabolism may increase reactive oxygen species production, leading to somatic damage and thus compromising future survival. We investigated the impact of experimentally elevated energy expenditure on oxidative damage, protection and lifespan in short-tailed field voles (Microtus agrestis) maintained in captivity to remove any confounding ecological factor effects. Energy expenditure was elevated via lifelong cold exposure (7 +/- 2 degrees C), relative to siblings in the warm (22 +/- 2 degrees C). No treatment effect on cumulative mortality risk was observed, with negligible effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant protection. These data suggest that in captive animals physiologically mediated costs on life history do not result from increased energy expenditure and consequent elevations in oxidative stress and reduced survival.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TRAYHURN P, 1989, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V67, P370, DOI 10.1139/y89-060; Van Voorhies WA, 2004, J APPL PHYSIOL, V97, P1915, DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00505.2004; Visser GH, 1999, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V72, P740, DOI 10.1086/316713; Wiersma P, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, pS360, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0171	55	55	58	8	21	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	AUG 22	2008	275	1645					1907	1916		10.1098/rspb.2008.0355				10	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	320PH	WOS:000257246900010	18467297	Green Published, Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	McDade, TW; Reyes-Garcia, V; Tanner, S; Huanca, T; Leonard, WR				McDade, T. W.; Reyes-Garcia, V.; Tanner, S.; Huanca, T.; Leonard, W. R.			Maintenance versus growth: Investigating the costs of immune activation among children in lowland Bolivia	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						ecological immunology; human growth and development; acute phase response; life history theory; infectious disease; Amazonia	C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; PHYSICAL GROWTH; TRADE-OFFS; MORBIDITY; CHILDHOOD	Immune function is a central component of maintenance effort, and it provides critical protection against the potentially life threatening effects of pathogens. However, immune defenses are energetically expensive, and the resources they consume are not available to support other activities related to growth and/or reproduction. In our study we use a life history theory framework to investigate tradeoffs between maintenance effort and growth among children in a remote area of Amazonian Bolivia. Baseline concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 309 2- to 10-year olds as an indicator of immune activation, and height was measured at baseline and three months later. Elevated CRP at baseline predicts smaller gains in height over the subsequent three months, with the costs to growth particularly high for 2- to 4-year olds and for those with low energy reserves (in the form of body fat) at the time of immunostimulation. These results provide evidence for a significant tradeoff between investment in immunity and growth in humans, and highlight an important physiological mechanism through which maintenance effort may have lasting effects on child growth and development.	[McDade, T. W.; Leonard, W. R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [McDade, T. W.] Northwestern Univ, C2S, Ctr Social Dispar & Hlth, Inst Policy Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Reyes-Garcia, V.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; [Reyes-Garcia, V.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; [Reyes-Garcia, V.] Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch Social Policy & Management, Sustainable Int Dev Program, Waltham, MA 02454 USA; [Tanner, S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30606 USA; [Huanca, T.] CBIDSI, San Borja, Beni, Bolivia	McDade, TW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.	t-mcdade@northwestern.edu	Reyes-Garcia, Victoria/C-4552-2008; Tanner, Susan/F-6687-2012	Reyes-Garcia, Victoria/0000-0002-2914-8055; Leonard, William/0000-0002-6233-604X	ICREA		BALLOU SP, 1992, ADV INTERNAL MED, V37, P313; BAUMANN H, 1994, IMMUNOL TODAY, V15, P74, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90137-6; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Buttgereit F, 2000, IMMUNOL TODAY, V21, P192; Campbell DI, 2003, J NUTR, V133, P1332; CASTILLO F, 1988, CHIMANES CAMBAS COLL; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; de Onis M, 2004, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V291, P2600, DOI 10.1001/jama.291.21.2600; DOHERTY JF, 1993, CLIN SCI, V84, P169, DOI 10.1042/cs0840169; FILTEAU SM, 1995, AM J CLIN NUTR, V62, P434; Foster Z, 2005, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V126, P343, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20098; GERSHWIN ME, 2000, NUTR IMMUNOLOGY; Gibson RS, 2005, PRINCIPLES NUTR ASSE; GILLESPIE SH, 1991, J CLIN PATHOL, V44, P228, DOI 10.1136/jcp.44.3.228; Godoy R., 2001, INDIANS MARKETS RAIN; Gullison RE, 1996, BOT J LINN SOC, V122, P9; Hurtado AM, 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST; Kuzawa CW, 1998, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V41, P177; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; LOHMAN TG, 1988, ANTHR STANDARDIZATIO; Martin LB, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P153, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2185; MARTORELL R, 1975, AM J DIS CHILD, V129, P1296, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120480022007; MARTORELL R, 1989, HUM ORGAN, V48, P15, DOI 10.17730/humo.48.1.x20u5450x51h5211; McDade TW, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P6134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0609123104; Mcdade TW, 2007, DEMOGRAPHY, V44, P899, DOI 10.1353/dem.2007.0038; McDade TW, 2000, AM J HUM BIOL, V12, P792, DOI 10.1002/1520-6300(200011/12)12:6<792::AID-AJHB7>3.0.CO;2-F; McDade TW, 2005, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V128, P906, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20222; McDade TW, 2003, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V46, P100, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10398; McDade TW, 2004, CLIN CHEM, V50, P652, DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2003.029488; MURRAY CJL, 1992, POPUL DEV REV, V18, P481, DOI 10.2307/1973655; PANTERBRICK C, 2000, BR J NUTR, V85, P1; Read AF, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P1104, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5494.1104; Riester J., 1993, UNIVERSO MITICO CHIM; Rousham EK, 1998, BRIT J NUTR, V80, P451; Scrimshaw NS, 1981, TXB PEDIAT NUTR, P229; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; SOLOMONS NW, 1993, NUTR REV, V51, P327; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; *WHO, 1998, REP INF DIS REM OBST; *WHO WORK GROUP, 1986, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V64, P929; Williams RL, 2000, BIOMETRICS, V56, P645, DOI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00645.x	41	56	62	0	15	WILEY-LISS	HOBOKEN	DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA	0002-9483			AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL	Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.	AUG	2008	136	4					478	484		10.1002/ajpa.20831				7	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	327ZF	WOS:000257766300012	18383156				2018-11-12	
J	Berger, D; Gotthard, K				Berger, David; Gotthard, Karl			Time stress, predation risk and diurnal-nocturnal foraging trade-offs in larval prey	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						predation risk; growth rate; life history theory; body size; seasonal constraints	DIEL ACTIVITY PATTERNS; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH-RATES; THERMAL SENSITIVITY; FOOD AVAILABILITY; REACTION NORMS; SIZE; SALMON; CONSTRAINTS; PLASTICITY	Insect larvae increase in size with several orders of magnitude throughout development making them more conspicuous to visually hunting predators. This change in predation pressure is likely to impose selection on larval anti-predator behaviour and since the risk of detection is likely to decrease in darkness, the night may offer safer foraging opportunities to large individuals. However, forsaking day foraging reduces development rate and could be extra costly if prey are subjected to seasonal time stress. Here we test if size-dependent risk and time constraints on feeding affect the foraging-predation risk trade-off expressed by the use of the diurnal-nocturnal period. We exposed larvae of one seasonal and one non-seasonal butterfly to different levels of seasonal time stress and time for diurnal-nocturnal feeding by rearing them in two photoperiods. In both species, diurnal foraging ceased at large sizes while nocturnal foraging remained constant or increased, thus larvae showed ontogenetic shifts in behaviour. Short night lengths forced small individuals to take higher risks and forage more during daytime, postponing the shift to strict night foraging to later on in development. In the non-seasonal species, seasonal time stress had a small effect on development and the diurnal-nocturnal foraging mode. In contrast, in the seasonal species, time for pupation and the timing of the foraging shift were strongly affected. We argue that a large part of the observed variation in larval diurnal-nocturnal activity and resulting growth rates is explained by changes in the cost/benefit ratio of foraging mediated by size-dependent predation and time stress.	[Berger, David; Gotthard, Karl] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Berger, D (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	david.berger@zoologi.su.se; karl.gotthard@zoologi.su.se	Gotthard, Karl/F-1163-2011	Gotthard, Karl/0000-0002-4560-6271			Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Angilletta MJ, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00087-9; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Atkinson D, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P235, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01058-6; ATLEGRIM O, 1992, ECOGRAPHY, V15, P19, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1992.tb00003.x; BAKER RL, 1995, FRESHWATER BIOL, V34, P101, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00427.x; Berger D, 2006, EVOL ECOL, V20, P575, DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9118-8; Bradford MJ, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P365, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-58-2-365; BUCKNER CH, 1966, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V11, P449, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.11.010166.002313; Casey Timothy M., 1993, P5; CLARK CW, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P159, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.2.159; CULP JM, 1993, OIKOS, V68, P242, DOI 10.2307/3544836; D'Amico LJ, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1589, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1698; Dempster J. P., 1984, The biology of butterflies. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London Number 11., P97; Eliasson C. U., 2005, NATIONALNYCKELN TILL; ESPERK T, 2006, THESIS TARTU U TARTU; FEENY P, 1985, ECOL MONOGR, V55, P167, DOI 10.2307/1942556; Fraser DF, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P312, DOI 10.1890/03-3023; GILLIAM JF, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1856, DOI 10.2307/1939877; Gotthard K., 2001, ANIMAL DEV ECOLOGY; HASSELL MP, 1978, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V9, P75, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.000451; Heinrich Bernd, 1993, P224; HOUSTON A, 1988, NATURE, V332, P29, DOI 10.1038/332029a0; Imre I, 2004, J FISH BIOL, V64, P1731, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00417.x; Johansson F, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P1242, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1242:LHABRT]2.0.CO;2; Johansson F, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1857, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1857:LHPIAD]2.0.CO;2; Kingsolver JG, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P631, DOI 10.1086/515872; Kingsolver JG, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P1521; Koops MA, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P601, DOI 10.1023/A:1006512927409; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; KRISTENSEN CO, 1994, J APPL ENTOMOL, V117, P92, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1994.tb00712.x; Krivan V, 2000, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V58, P329, DOI 10.1006/tpbi.2000.1492; Kronfeld-Schor N, 2003, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V34, P153, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132435; LAMPERT W, 1989, FUNCT ECOL, V3, P21, DOI 10.2307/2389671; LIMA SL, 1990, CAN J ZOOL, V68, P619, DOI 10.1139/z90-092; LIMA SL, 1999, AM NAT, V153, P549; LUDWIG D, 1990, AM NAT, V135, P686, DOI 10.1086/285069; MACCHIUSI F, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V28, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1992.tb00577.x; Metcalfe NB, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P371, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00289.x; Metcalfe NB, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1503, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0464; Montllor Clytia B., 1993, P170; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; NYLIN S, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V38, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01571.x; PARK ORLANDO, 1940, ECOL MONOGR, V10, P485, DOI 10.2307/1948514; Quinn GP, 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; Reavey Duncan, 1993, P248; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; SIBLY R, 1985, J THEOR BIOL, V112, P553, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(85)80022-9; Sih A, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P3, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01766-8; Slansky Frank Jr., 1993, P29; Stamp Nancy E., 1993, P283; STAMP NE, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P1031, DOI 10.2307/1937371; Takeda M, 2005, ENTOMOL SCI, V8, P211, DOI 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2005.00117.x; TIKKANEN P, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V99, P252, DOI 10.1007/BF00627737; Tolman T., 1997, BUTTERFLIES EUROPE; WERNER EE, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P242, DOI 10.1086/285537; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; WICKMAN PO, 1990, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V13, P238; Zalucki MP, 2002, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V47, P361, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145220	59	27	27	1	37	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0340-5443			BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	AUG	2008	62	10					1655	1663		10.1007/s00265-008-0594-4				9	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	330AW	WOS:000257912700013					2018-11-12	
J	Low, BS; Hazel, A; Parker, N; Welch, KB				Low, Bobbi S.; Hazel, Ashley; Parker, Nicholas; Welch, Kathleen B.			Influences on women's reproductive lives - Unexpected ecological underpinnings	CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH			English	Article						life history; demography; fertility; development	LIFE-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; AGE; POPULATIONS; EXPECTANCY; INEQUALITY; FERTILITY; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; BIRTH	Modern women's reproductive lives vary considerably, in a patterned fashion. Although cultural factors are important, across societies - even across species there exist strong patterns predicted by life history theory. For example, the shorter life expectancy e(0) is at birth, the earlier it pays in biological terms to reproduce. Few factors analyzed in women's life patterns in more than 170 nations influence the divergence. Studies on other species assume that ( a) the variation is species specific and ( b) the conditions are at equilibrium; the relationship between life expectancy and age at first birth is strong, but varies across populations, and is frequently not at equilibrium. Human patterns, like those of other species, may have ecological or life history underpinnings. The answers we find may have policy implications for women's lives and fertility.	[Low, Bobbi S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Low, Bobbi S.] Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Fac Associate Populat Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Welch, Kathleen B.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Consultat & Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Welch, Kathleen B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA	Low, BS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.			Hazel, Ashley/0000-0001-7680-5460			Anderson BA, 2004, POPUL ENVIRON, V25, P377; ANDERSON BA, 1997, 97409 U MICH POP STU; Becker G.S, 1981, TREATISE FAMILY; Chisholm JS, 2005, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V16, P233, DOI 10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0; DASGUPTA M, 1987, POPUL DEV REV, V13, P77; DASGUPTA M, 1996, SEX PREFERENCE CHILD; EASTERLIN RA, 1985, FERTILITY REVOLUTION; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Flinn Mark V, 1999, HORMONES HLTH BEHAV, P105; Geronimus AT, 1996, SOC SCI MED, V42, P589, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00159-X; Geronimus AT, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1552, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199611213352102; Geronimus AT, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF02732898; Geronimus AT, 2001, DEMOGRAPHY, V38, P227, DOI 10.1353/dem.2001.0015; GERONIMUS AT, 1997, ANN M POP ASS AM WAS; HARVEY PH, 1985, NATURE, V315, P319, DOI 10.1038/315319a0; Hill EM, 1997, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V8, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF02913037; Hitztaler S, 2004, POPUL ENVIRON, V25, P355; Hitztaler S, 2004, POPUL ENVIRON, V25, P335; Hurtado A. M., 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST ECOLO; KAPLAN HS, 2000, ADAPTATION HUMAN BEH, P283; KAPLAN HS, 1995, HUMAN REPROD DECISIO, P96; KNODEL J, 1990, POPUL DEV REV, V16, P31, DOI 10.2307/1972528; Low B., 2005, FAMILIES GLOBAL PERS, P14; Low B., 2007, OXFORD HDB EVOLUTION, P449; LOW BL, 2000, WHY SEX MATTERS DARW; Low BS, 2005, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V26, P64, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.23004.08.011; Low BS, 2003, BIODEMOGRAPHY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY, P105; Low BS, 2002, AM J HUM BIOL, V14, P149, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10043; LOW BS, 1992, POPUL DEV REV, V18, P1, DOI 10.2307/1971857; LOW BS, 2000, ADAPTATION HUMAN BEH, P323; LOW BS, 1990, INT J CONT SOCIOLOGY, V27, P49; MAC ARTHUR ROBERT H., 1967; Mace R, 1998, PHILOS T R SOC B, V353, P389, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1998.0217; Mace R, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V59, P1, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1287; MACE R, 2000, ADAPTATION HUMAN BEH, P261; Mulder MB, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P266, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01357-3; Murdock G. P., 1967, ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS; Murdock George, 1981, ATLAS WORLD CULTURES; MURDOCK GP, 1969, ETHNOLOGY, V8, P329, DOI 10.2307/3772907; MURDOCK GP, 1957, AM ANTHROPOL, V59, P195; Nepomnaschy PA, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P3938, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0511183103; RANJIT N, 2005, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V34, P227; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff Derek A., 1992; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1976, Q REV BIOL, V51, P3, DOI 10.1086/409052; Ting TF, 2004, POPUL ENVIRON, V25, P299; Ting TF, 2004, POPUL ENVIRON, V25, P281; Whyte M. K., 1979, STATUS WOMEN PREINDU; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	50	71	72	0	8	SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC	THOUSAND OAKS	2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA	1069-3971	1552-3578		CROSS-CULT RES	Cross-Cult. Res.	AUG	2008	42	3					201	219		10.1177/1069397108317669				19	Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary	Social Sciences - Other Topics	326PW	WOS:000257672400002					2018-11-12	
J	Petes, LE; Menge, BA; Harris, AL				Petes, Laura E.; Menge, Bruce A.; Harris, Alyssa L.			Intertidal mussels exhibit energetic trade-offs between reproduction and stress resistance	ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS			English	Article						carotenoid; energy trade-offs; Mytilus californianus; Oregon coast; USA; oxidative stress; reproduction; rocky intertidal zone	MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CAROTENOID-PIGMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; COMMUNITY REGULATION; WAVE EXPOSURE; CALIFORNIANUS; PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE	Life- history theory suggests that trade- offs exist between. tness components, with organisms balancing investment in reproduction against survival and future reproduction. This study examined the in. uence of stress on physiological trade- offs in the dominant rocky intertidal mussel Mytilus californianus on the central Oregon coast, USA. The intertidal zone is a highly heterogeneous thermal environment that could lead to intrapopulation variation in stress responses. Stress increases along a vertical gradient, with higher physical stress occurring in the higher intertidal zone, both due to reduced feeding time and longer exposure to aerial conditions. Reproduction and carotenoid content were compared in mussels from the low and high vertical edges of the mussel bed. High- edge mussels invested less relative energy in reproduction and also spawned all of their gametes in the early summer, whereas low- edge mussels continuously spawned small batches of gametes throughout the year. Highedge mussels accumulated high concentrations of carotenoid pigments into their gonadal tissues, potentially to protect gametes from damaging oxidative stress experienced during aerial exposure. A reciprocal transplant experiment revealed plastic responses in growth and reproduction to increased stress. In contrast, carotenoid content did not increase in response to stress, suggesting that carotenoids may not change rapidly or may not be easily lost or gained. Our results indicate that mussels exhibit physiological trade- offs and, under increased stress predicted from climate change scenarios, may allocate energy away from reproduction toward costly physiological defenses.	[Petes, Laura E.; Menge, Bruce A.; Harris, Alyssa L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA	Petes, LE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618,Highway 98, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA.	lpetes@bio.fsu.edu	Menge, Bruce/I-6571-2012				Abele D, 1998, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B, V120, P425, DOI 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10028-7; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Barth JA, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P3719, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0700462104; BAYNE BL, 1970, HELGOLAND WISS MEER, V20, P526, DOI 10.1007/BF01609927; Becker BJ, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P3267, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0611651104; Blount JD, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P445, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00648.x; BRETT JR, 1958, HR MACMILLAN LECT FI, P69; BRUSH AH, 1990, FASEB J, V4, P2969; Buchecker R., 1982, CAROTENOID CHEM BIOC, P175; CAMPBELL SA, 1970, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V32, P97, DOI 10.1016/0010-406X(70)90159-3; CAMPBELL SA, 1969, MAR BIOL, V4, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF00393898; Connell J.H., 1972, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V3, P169, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.03.110172.001125; Connolly SR, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1799, DOI 10.2307/2680048; Davenport J, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V292, P41, DOI 10.3354/meps292041; Denny MW, 1998, BIOL BULL, V194, P108, DOI 10.2307/1543040; DI MASCIO P, 1991, AM J CLIN NUTR, V53, pS194; Fitzhenry T, 2004, MAR BIOL, V145, P339, DOI 10.1007/s00227-004-1318-6; FOX DL, 1966, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V17, P841, DOI 10.1016/0010-406X(66)90125-3; Halliwell B, 1996, ANNU REV NUTR, V16, P33, DOI 10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.000341; Halpin PM, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V276, P137, DOI 10.3354/meps276137; HARMAN D, 1981, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V78, P7124, DOI 10.1073/pnas.78.11.7124; Havaux M, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P8762, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8762; Helmuth B, 2002, SCIENCE, V298, P1015, DOI 10.1126/science.1076814; Helmuth BST, 2001, BIOL BULL, V201, P374, DOI 10.2307/1543615; Hill GE, 1996, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V8, P157, DOI 10.1080/08927014.1996.9522926; Houghton JT, 2001, CLIMATE CHANGE 2001; Jeffrey S. 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J	Oli, MK; Armitage, KB				Oli, Madan K.; Armitage, Kenneth B.			Indirect fitness benefits do not compensate for the loss of direct fitness in yellow-bellied marmots	JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY			English	Article						age of 1st reproduction; costs of reproduction; direct fitness; inclusive fitness; indirect fitness; life-history theory; Marmota flaviventris; reproductive strategy; reproductive suppression; yellow-bellied marmot	LIFE-HISTORY DATA; REPRODUCTIVE SUPPRESSION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; INCLUSIVE FITNESS; DELAYED MATURITY; LONG-TERM; BAD JOB; EVOLUTION; CONSEQUENCES	The contribution of indirect fitness to inclusive fitness is expected to increase as the reproductive skew increases, with indirect fitness being the only component Of Inclusive fitness of sterile individuals in eusocial species. However, the relative contribution of indirect fitness to inclusive fitness has rarely been evaluated empirically. Using data from a long-term study (1962-2003). we show that female yellow-bellied marmots that have a later age of 1st successful reproduction incur a substantial loss of direct fitness with no corresponding gain in indirect fitness. Additionally. although females that survive to reproductive age but do not successfully reproduce have a greater indirect fitness than those that reproduce at least once, indirect fitness benefits of foregoing reproduction are insufficient to compensate for the loss of direct fitness resulting from later reproduction. Although indirect fitness composed 22.2% of the inclusive fitness of females that reproduced at least once, females that reproduced Lit least once had 2.3 times higher inclusive fitness than those that survived to reproductive age but never reproduced. These results suggest that, in yellow-bellied marmots and other species with similar life histories, the contribution of indirect fitness to inclusive fitness does not compensate for loss of direct fitness.	[Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Armitage, Kenneth B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA	Oli, MK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.	olim@ufl.edu			National Science Foundation [DEB02-24953, G-16354, GB-1980, GB-6123, GB-32494, BMS74-21193, DEB78-07327, BSR-8121231, BSR-9614690, BSR-9006772]; Florida Agricultural Research Station	This work was supported in pan by National Science Foundation grants DEB02-24953 (to MKO), G-16354, GB-1980, G13-6123. GB-32494 BMS74-21193, DEB78-07327. BSR-8121231, BSR-9614690, BSR-9006772 (to KBA). and by the Florida Agricultural Research Station. W. Koenig, J.. Murie, an anonymous reviewer, and especially J. Waterman provided many insightful comments and helpful suggests tons. We thank D. Blumstein, D. Van Vuren, A. Ozgul. and several graduate Student,, and technicians who contributed to data collection.	ABBOTT DH, 1987, J ZOOL, V213, P455, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03720.x; Allaine D, 2000, BEHAV PROCESS, V51, P21, DOI 10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00116-9; Armitage K. B., 2000, Oecologia Montana, V9, P1; Armitage K. B., 2003, OECOLOGIA MONTANA, V12, P21; Armitage K. 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J	Pagan, I; Alonso-Blanco, C; Garcia-Arenal, F				Pagan, Israel; Alonso-Blanco, Carlos; Garcia-arenal, Fernando			Host responses in life-history traits and tolerance to virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana	PLOS PATHOGENS			English	Article							CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TRADE-OFFS; MICROBOTRYUM-VIOLACEUM; PHENOTYPIC INTEGRATION; REACTION NORMS; SCARLET-GILIA; PLANT-VIRUS; PARASITISM; EVOLUTION	Knowing how hosts respond to parasite infection is paramount in understanding the effects of parasites on host populations and hence host-parasite co-evolution. Modification of life-history traits in response to parasitism has received less attention than other defence strategies. Life-history theory predicts that parasitised hosts will increase reproductive effort and accelerate reproduction. However, empirical analyses of these predictions are few and mostly limited to animal-parasite systems. We have analysed life-history trait responses in 18 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana infected at two different developmental stages with three strains of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Accessions were divided into two groups according to allometric relationships; these groups differed also in their tolerance to CMV infection. Life-history trait modification upon virus infection depended on the host genotype and the stage at infection. While all accessions delayed flowering, only the more tolerant allometric group modified resource allocation to increase the production of reproductive structures and progeny, and reduced the length of reproductive period. Our results are in agreement with modifications of life-history traits reported for parasitised animals and with predictions from life-history theory. Thus, we provide empirical support for the general validity of theoretical predictions. In addition, this experimental approach allowed us to quantitatively estimate the genetic determinism of life-history trait plasticity and to evaluate the role of life-history trait modification in defence against parasites, two largely unexplored issues.	[Pagan, Israel] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Biotechnol, ETSI Agronomos, Madrid, Spain; Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Biotecnol & Genom Plantas, Madrid, Spain; [Alonso-Blanco, Carlos] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Genet Mol Plantas, Madrid, Spain	Pagan, I (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Biotechnol, ETSI Agronomos, Madrid, Spain.	fernando.garciaarenal@upm.es	Garcia-Arenal, Fernando/H-1603-2015; Pagan, Israel/H-1843-2015; Alonso-Blanco, Carlos/F-8864-2016	Pagan, Israel/0000-0001-8876-1194; Alonso-Blanco, Carlos/0000-0002-4738-5556; GARCIA-ARENAL RODRIGUEZ, FERNANDO/0000-0002-5327-3200	Plan Nacional de I+D [AGL2005-01122]; Universidad Polite cnica de Madrid/Comunidad Auto noma de Madrid, Spain [CAM-UPM CG06-UPM/AGR-429]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain	This work was supported in part by grants AGL2005-01122 from Plan Nacional de I+D and CAM-UPM CG06-UPM/AGR-429 from Universidad Polite cnica de Madrid/Comunidad Auto noma de Madrid, Spain, to FGA. IP was in receipt of a FPI fellowship from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain.	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AUG	2008	4	8							e1000124	10.1371/journal.ppat.1000124				10	Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology	Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology	356MU	WOS:000259783100012	18704166	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Ball, MA; Parker, GA; Chubb, JC				Ball, M. A.; Parker, G. A.; Chubb, J. C.			The evolution of complex life cycles when parasite mortality is size- or time-dependent	JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						helminth evolution; life history strategies; growth arrest of larvae; upward incorporation; downward incorporation	TROPHIC TRANSMISSION; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; STRATEGIES	In complex cycles, helminth larvae in their intermediate hosts typically grow to a fixed size. We define this cessation of growth before transmission to the next host as growth arrest at larval maturity (GALM). Where the larval parasite controls its own growth in the intermediate host, in order that growth eventually arrests, some form of size- or time-dependent increase in its death rate must apply. In contrast, the switch from growth to sexual reproduction in the definitive host can be regulated by constant (time-independent) mortality as in standard life history theory. We here develop a step-wise model for the evolution of complex helminth life cycles through trophic transmission, based on the approach of Parker et al. [2003a. Evolution of complex life cycles in helminth parasites. Nature London 425, 480-484], but which includes size- or time-dependent increase in mortality rate. We assume that the growing larval parasite has two components to its death rate: (i) a constant, size- or time-independent component, and (ii) a component that increases with size or time in the intermediate host. When growth stops at larval maturity, there is a discontinuous change in mortality to a constant (time-independent) rate. This model generates the same optimal size for the parasite larva at GALM in the intermediate host whether the evolutionary approach to the complex life cycle is by adding a new host above the original definitive host (upward incorporation), or below the original definitive host (downward incorporation). We discuss some unexplored problems for cases where complex life cycles evolve through trophic transmission. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Parker, G. A.; Chubb, J. C.] Univ Liverpool, Div Populat & Evolutionary Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England; [Ball, M. A.] Univ Liverpool, Div Appl Math, Dept Math Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England	Parker, GA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Div Populat & Evolutionary Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England.	gap@liv.ac.uk	Parker, Geoff/C-4337-2008	Parker, Geoff/0000-0003-4795-6352			ANDERSON R. C., 2000, NEMATODE PARASITES V; ARME C, 1967, PARASITOLOGY, V57, P301, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000072103; Brown SP, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P815, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00318.x; BUSH AO, 2001, PARASITISM DIVERSITY; Choisy M, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P172, DOI 10.1086/375681; Combes C., 1991, P62; Dobson A.P., 1991, P83; DOGIEL V. A., 1964, GEN PARASITOLOGY; Gemmill AW, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P1148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00117.x; Iwasa Y, 2006, EVOL ECOL RES, V8, P1427; Kennedy CR, 2006, ECOLOGY OF THE ACANTHOCEPHALA, P1, DOI 10.2277/ 0521850088; Lafferty KD, 1999, PARASITOL TODAY, V15, P111, DOI 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01397-6; McClelland G, 1990, CAN B FISH AQUAT SCI, V222, P83; Miller MR, 2005, J THEOR BIOL, V236, P198, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.03.005; Moore J, 2002, PARASITES BEHAV ANIM; MORAND S, 1995, J ANIM ECOL, V64, P256, DOI 10.2307/5760; MORAVEC F., 1994, PARASITIC NEMATODES; Parker GA, 2003, NATURE, V425, P480, DOI 10.1038/nature02012; Parker GA, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P47, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00504.x; PARKER GA, GROW NOT GROW UNPUB; Poulin R, 1995, INT J PARASITOL, V25, P1371, DOI 10.1016/0020-7519(95)00100-X; Poulin R, 2007, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; Roff Derek A., 1992; SMITHTRAIL DR, 1980, AM NAT, V116, P77; Viney M. E., 2002, P111, DOI 10.1079/9780851996158.0111	25	20	21	0	14	ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	LONDON	24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND	0022-5193	1095-8541		J THEOR BIOL	J. Theor. Biol.	JUL 7	2008	253	1					202	214		10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.02.025				13	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	321KB	WOS:000257302400018	18397792				2018-11-12	
J	Fischer, K; Perlick, J; Galetz, T				Fischer, Klaus; Perlick, Jana; Galetz, Tobias			Residual reproductive value and male mating success: older males do better	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						lepidoptera; life-history theory; male reproduction; resource-holding potential; sexual selection; wars of attrition	BUTTERFLY BICYCLUS-ANYNANA; PIERIS-NAPI BUTTERFLIES; SEXUAL SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; FIGHTING BEHAVIOR; CONTEST BEHAVIOR; AGE; SIZE; EVOLUTION	Evolution via sexual selection has traditionally been viewed as isolated from life-history constraints. As additionally reproductive resource allocation in males is underexplored, it is rather unclear how life-history factors have shaped lifetime investment into male sexually selected traits. Against this background, we here investigate male butterfly mating success in relation to age, nutritional status, assay condition and wing damage. As predicted, based on a low residual reproductive value, older males had a considerably higher mating success than younger males. Comparisons between virgin and once-mated males suggest that this pattern is related to age per se rather than differential ratings of the resource receptive female. We found no evidence for male body size or condition being important, supporting the notion that in weaponless animals intrinsic motivation is more important for mating success than the differences in physical properties (such as body size or condition). Flight cage experiments suggest that such differences in motivation may be masked under more natural conditions, where flight performance, having a clear impact on mating success (as evidenced by wing manipulation experiments), is likely to be crucial. We conclude that the life-history perspective is a fruitful one for gaining a better understanding of the evolution of sexually selected characters and the predictions derived from contest theory do also apply to male mating success.	[Fischer, Klaus; Perlick, Jana; Galetz, Tobias] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Anim Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany	Fischer, K (reprint author), Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Zool Inst & Museum, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.	klaus.fischer@uni-greifswald.de					Barnes AI, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P199, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2122; Bergman M, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P1659, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0311; Brakefield Paul M., 1997, V83, P65; Brakefield PM, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00248.x; BRAKEFIELD PM, 1991, ECOL ENTOMOL, V16, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00220.x; Breuker CJ, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1233, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2005; Candolin U, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V60, P417, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1481; Chapman T, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1879, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0516; DEINERT EI, 1994, NATURE, V370, P23, DOI 10.1038/370023a0; ENQUIST M, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V39, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80721-3; Ferkau C, 2006, ETHOLOGY, V112, P1117, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01266.x; Fischer K, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3138, DOI 10.1890/02-0733; Fischer K, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V61, P723, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1662; Fischer K, 2006, J INSECT BEHAV, V19, P657, DOI 10.1007/s10905-006-9057-9; Fischer K, 2007, ECOL ENTOMOL, V32, P674, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00922.x; Geister TL, 2007, BEHAV ECOL, V18, P658, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm024; Hoglund J, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P478, DOI 10.2307/3546675; Hunt J, 2004, NATURE, V432, P1024, DOI 10.1038/nature03084; Joron M, 2003, NATURE, V424, P191, DOI 10.1038/nature01713; KARLSSON B, 1994, OIKOS, V69, P224, DOI 10.2307/3546142; Kemp DJ, 2006, BIOL J LINN SOC, V88, P565, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00643.x; Kemp DJ, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P429, DOI 10.1007/s002650100318; Kemp DJ, 2006, ETHOLOGY, V112, P471, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01173.x; Kemp DJ, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1707, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2775; Kemp DJ, 2003, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V54, P7, DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0602-7; Kemp DJ, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1341, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2000; Kemp DJ, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P456, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.4.456; Kemp DJ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P591, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.6.591; KEMP DJ, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V60, P44; Kokko H, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P739, DOI 10.1023/A:1006541701002; Kokko H, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1331, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2020; Kokko H, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P99, DOI 10.1007/s002650050369; Kotiaho JS, 2003, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V49, P817, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(03)00117-3; Lappin AK, 2006, AM NAT, V168, P100, DOI 10.1086/505161; LARSEN TB, 1991, BUTTERFLIES KENYA; Lyytinen A, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P279, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2571; MARDEN JH, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V39, P954, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80960-1; Molleman F, 2007, EXP GERONTOL, V42, P472, DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2007.01.008; Olsson M, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V105, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF00328543; PARKER GA, 1974, J THEOR BIOL, V47, P223, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(74)90111-8; Pijpe J, 2006, MECH AGEING DEV, V127, P802, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2006.07.006; Poizat G, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1543, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0813; Proulx SR, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2291, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2129; Reznick D, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01941-8; Robertson KA, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1541, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3142; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Smith J. Maynard, 1982, EVOLUTION THEORY GAM; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stjernholm F, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P442, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01120.x; Stjernholm F, 2005, BIOL J LINN SOC, V86, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00542.x; van't Hof AE, 2005, MOL ECOL NOTES, V5, P169, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8268.2005.00870.x; Whitehouse MEA, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V53, P913, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0313; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WINDIG JJ, 1994, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V7, P665, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7060665.x	54	44	44	0	24	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUL 7	2008	275	1642					1517	1524		10.1098/rspb.2007.1455				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	301NN	WOS:000255903000006	18364315	Green Published, Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Rowe, CL				Rowe, Christopher L.			"The Calamity of So Long Life": Life histories, contaminants, and potential emerging threats to long-lived vertebrates	BIOSCIENCE			English	Article						birds of prey; marine mammals; persistent contaminants; reproductive fitness; reptiles	BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA-SERPENTINA; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; OSPREYS PANDION-HALIAETUS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; FISH-EATING BIRDS; POLAR BEARS; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; GREAT-LAKES	Persistent contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment, often Present at concentrations that may jeopardize reproductive fitness only after long periods of exposure. As the duration of exposure is largely regulated by life span, long-lived species of high trophic status, such as many reptiles, birds, and mammals, may be at risk of reduced fitness and population decline. Delayed maturation and iteroparity confer the potential for cumulative effects to be expressed prior to reproduction, and large parental investments in yolk and milk may threaten offspring because of exposure during critical developmental periods, Long generation times may delay emergence of obvious effects on populations, perhaps eluding early intervention, while constraining rates at which populations may recover if conditions subsequently improve. Life history theory thus suggests that the suite of traits that optimized reproductive fitness throughout long-lived species, evolutionary histories may ultimately put them in peril in the modern, anthropogenically altered environment.	Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA	Rowe, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.	rowe@cbl.umces.edu	Rowe, Christopher/D-5271-2012	Rowe, Christopher/0000-0001-9502-9225			AGUILAR A, 1994, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V27, P546; Andersen M, 2001, POLAR BIOL, V24, P231, DOI 10.1007/s003000000201; Beckmen KB, 2003, MAR POLLUT BULL, V46, P594, DOI 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00039-0; Bishop CA, 1998, ENVIRON POLLUT, V101, P143, DOI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00005-0; BISHOP CA, 1991, J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH, V33, P521, DOI 10.1080/15287399109531539; BISHOP CA, 1994, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V27, P82; Braune BM, 2001, ENVIRON POLLUT, V114, P39, DOI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00210-4; Calow P, 1997, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V16, P1983, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1983:RAOTBO>2.3.CO;2; CHAPPELL WR, 1992, ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH, V14, P71, DOI 10.1007/BF01784017; CONGDON JD, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P826, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740826.x; 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J	Heino, M; Dieckmann, U				Heino, Mikko; Dieckmann, Ulf			Detecting fisheries-induced life-history evolution: An overview of the reaction-norm approach	BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	6th William R and Lenore Mote International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology	NOV 14-16, 2006	Sarasota, FL				MATURATION REACTION NORMS; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SEA PLAICE; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; PACIFIC SALMON; ARCTIC COD	Life-history theory unequivocally suggests that fishing acts as a powerful driver of life-history evolution in exploited fish populations. Because life-history traits are closely linked to the dynamics and productivity of fish populations, understanding and documenting the extent to which this expectation is borne out in reality is both scientifically and practically important. The primary empirical challenges are twofold: observing phenotypic change does not imply genetic change as life-history traits are phenotypically plastic, and fishing is but one potential driver of contemporary evolution. Here we focus on the first challenge by describing how to work toward disentangling genetic and plastic effects in the absence of genetic data. In particular, we explain how the consideration of maturation reaction norms helps to disentangle genetic and plastic changes in age and size at maturation. We first outline the logic and limitations of the maturation reaction-norm approach. We then review the most important statistical methods available for estimating maturation reaction norms from empirical data. For each of these methods, we discuss its domain of applicability together with its strengths and weaknesses.	[Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Dieckmann, Ulf] Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Dieckmann, Ulf] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria	Heino, M (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Box 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.	Mikko.heino@bio.uib.no	Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011	Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393			Baranoff F. 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J	Poorter, L; Wright, SJ; Paz, H; Ackerly, DD; Condit, R; Ibarra-Manriques, G; Harms, KE; Licona, JC; Martinez-Ramos, M; Mazer, SJ; Muller-Landau, HC; Pena-Claros, M; Webb, CO; Wright, IJ				Poorter, L.; Wright, S. J.; Paz, H.; Ackerly, D. D.; Condit, R.; Ibarra-Manriques, G.; Harms, K. E.; Licona, J. C.; Martinez-Ramos, M.; Mazer, S. J.; Muller-Landau, H. C.; Pena-Claros, M.; Webb, C. O.; Wright, I. J.			Are functional traits good predictors of demographic rates? Evidence from five Neotropical forests	ECOLOGY			English	Article						demography; functional ecology; height; life-history theory; seed mass; shade tolerance; species coexistence; specific leaf area; trees; tropical rain forest; wood density	TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST; SEED MASS; WOOD DENSITY; LOS-TUXTLAS; LEAF TRAITS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PIONEER TREES; PLANT TRAITS	A central goal of comparative plant ecology is to understand how functional traits vary among species and to what extent this variation has adaptive value. Here we evaluate relationships between four functional traits (seed volume, specific leaf area, wood density, and adult stature) and two demographic attributes (diameter growth and tree mortality) for large trees of 240 tree species from five Neotropical forests. We evaluate how these key functional traits are related to survival and growth and whether similar relationships between traits and demography hold across different tropical forests. There was a tendency for a trade-off between growth and survival across rain forest tree species. Wood density, seed volume, and adult stature were significant predictors of growth and/or mortality. Both growth and mortality rates declined with an increase in wood density. This is consistent with greater construction costs and greater resistance to stem damage for denser wood. Growth and mortality rates also declined as seed volume increased. This is consistent with an adaptive syndrome in which species tolerant of low resource availability (in this case shade-tolerant species) have large seeds to establish successfully and low inherent growth and mortality rates. Growth increased and mortality decreased with an increase in adult stature, because taller species have a greater access to light and longer life spans. Specific leaf area was, surprisingly, only modestly informative for the performance of large trees and had ambiguous relationships with growth and survival. Single traits accounted for 9-55% of the interspecific variation in growth and mortality rates at individual sites. Significant correlations with demographic rates tended to be similar across forests and for phylogenetically independent contrasts as well as for cross-species analyses that treated each species as an independent observation. In combination, the morphological traits explained 41% of the variation in growth rate and 54% of the variation in mortality rate, with wood density being the best predictor of growth and mortality. Relationships between functional traits and demographic rates were statistically similar across a wide range of Neotropical forests. The consistency of these results strongly suggests that tropical rain forest species face similar trade-offs in different sites and converge on similar sets of solutions.	[Poorter, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; [Poorter, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; [Poorter, L.; Licona, J. C.; Pena-Claros, M.] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Casilla 6204, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; [Wright, S. J.; Condit, R.; Harms, K. E.; Muller-Landau, H. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama; [Paz, H.; Ibarra-Manriques, G.; Martinez-Ramos, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico; [Ackerly, D. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Harms, K. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA; [Mazer, S. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA USA; [Muller-Landau, H. C.] Dept Ecol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Webb, C. O.] Harvard Univ Hebaria, Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Wright, I. 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J	Metz, JAJ; Mylius, SD; Diekmann, O				Metz, J. A. J.; Mylius, S. D.; Diekmann, O.			When does evolution optimize?	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						eco-evolutionary feedback; environmental dimension; evolutionary optimization; invasion fitness; life-history theory; r-optimization; R-0-optimization	LIFE-HISTORIES; INITIAL INCREASE; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; STABILITY; MODELS; COMPETITION; FITNESS; STRATEGIES; DYNAMICS	Aim: To elucidate the role of the eco-evolutionary feedback loop in determining evolutionarily stable life histories, with particular reference to the methodological status of the optimization procedures of classical evolutionary ecology. Key assumption: The fitness p of a type depends both on its strategy X and on the environmental E, p = p(X, E), where E comprises everything, biotic and abiotic, outside an individual that may influence its population dynamically relevant behaviour. Through the community dynamics, this environment is determined (up to non-evolving drivers) by the resident stratergy X-r: E = E-aur(X-r). Procedures: Use the indicated notation to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an evolutionary optimization principle, and for the reduction of such a principle to straightforward r- or R-0-maximization. Develop quick tests to diagnose whether an eco-evolutionary model supports an optimization principle. Results: It is necessary and sufficient for the existence of an optimzation principle that the stratergy affects fitness in an effectively monotone one-dimensional manner, or equivalently, that the environment affects fitness in an effectively monotone one-dimensional manner. In particular, there should exist functions psi of the strategies and phi of the environments such that sign[p(X,E)] = sign[psi(X) + phi(E)]. Pairwise invasibility plots of an eco-evolutionary model that supports an optimization principle have a special, easily recognizable shape. Natural selection just maximizes r, or R-0, if and only if r(X, E) can be written as alpha(r(X, E-0), E) or R-0(X, E) can be written as exp[alpha(In[R-0(X, E-0)], E)], with alpha increasing in its first argument, and E-0 fixed, but otherwise arbitrary. Conclusion: A pure optimization approach holds water only when the eco-evolutionary feedbacks are of a particularly simple kind.	[Metz, J. A. J.] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; [Metz, J. A. J.] Leiden Univ, Math Inst, Sect Theoret Biol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; [Metz, J. A. J.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Metz, J. A. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Math & Stat, Helsinki, Finland; [Mylius, S. D.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Expertise Ctr Methodol & Informat Serv, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands; [Diekmann, O.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Math, Utrecht, Netherlands	Metz, JAJ (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, POB 9561, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.	j.a.j.metz@biology.leidenuniv.nl			Life Sciences Foundation (SLW)	The work of S.D. Mylius was supported by the Life Sciences Foundation (SLW) subsidized by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Peter Klinkhamer, James McAllister, and Jan Sevenster provided useful comments oil a previous version of the manuscript. This paper is an extended version of the first part of IIASA Working Paper #WP-96-04 (Metz. et al., 1996b). After having had this paper in the drawer after initial rejections for more than 10 years, we are grateful to Evolutionary Ecology Research for allowing its comeback, to Eva Kisdi for soliciting LIS to Submit and exposing LIS to two rounds of extensive and very useful comments. and to Michael Rozenzweig for whipping the abstract into the required shape.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TAYLOR PD, 1988, J THEOR BIOL, V130, P363, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(88)80035-3; TAYLOR PD, 1988, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V34, P145, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(88)90039-1; TAYLOR PD, 1989, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V36, P125, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(89)90025-7; Tilman D., 1982, RESOURCE COMPETITION; TILMAN D, 1976, SCIENCE, V192, P463, DOI DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.192.4238.463); TULJAPURKAR S, 1989, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V35, P227, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(89)90001-4; Tuljapurkar S., 1990, LECT NOTES BIOMATHEM, V85; VANTIENDEREN PH, 1986, J THEOR BIOL, V122, P69, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(86)80225-9; Weissing FJ, 1996, J MATH BIOL, V34, P533; WOLKOWICZ GSK, 1992, SIAM J APPL MATH, V52, P222, DOI 10.1137/0152012	66	97	98	0	39	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613	1937-3791		EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	JUL	2008	10	5					629	654						26	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	341WU	WOS:000258747100001					2018-11-12	
J	Metz, JAJ; Mylius, SD; Diekmann, O				Metz, J. A. J.; Mylius, S. D.; Diekmann, O.			Even in the odd cases when evolution optimizes, unrelated population dynamical details may shine through in the ESS	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						eco-evolutionary feedback; evolutionary optimization; life-history theory; maturation age	COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION	Aim: To elucidate the role of the eco-evolutionary feedback loop in determining evolutionarily stable life histories, with particular reference to the methodological status of the optimization procedures of classical evolutionary ecology. Key assumptions: The fitness p of a type depends both on its strategy X and on the environment E, p=p(X,E), where E comprises everything, biotic and abiotic, outside an individual that may influence its population dynamically relevant behaviour. Through the community dynamics, this environment is determined (up to non-evolving external drivers) by the resident strategy X(r): E = E(attr)(X(r)). Procedures: Use the ideas developed in the companion paper (Metz et al., 2008) to rig simply analysable - as they have an optimization principle - eco-evolutionary scenarios to explore the potential of the environmental feedback to influence evolutionary predictions, and to determine in what ways the predictions relate to the tools. Results: Equipping the classical model for the evolution of maturation time with various possible feedback loops leads to different optimization principles as well as qualitatively different predicted relations between the field values of adult mortality mu(A) and maturation time T. When E influences only T, the ESS, T*, decreases with mu(A). When E influences juvenile mortality only or both juvenile and adult mortality in equal measure, T* increases with mu(A). When E influences the reproduction rate only, T* is independent of mu(A). When E influences adult mortality only the environmental feedback loop fixes adult mortality at a constant level so that there is no relationship between T* and mu(A) to speak of. These six cases are subject to three different optimisation principles. There turns out to be no relationship between an optimization principle and its predicted features. Conclusions: Even in cases where an optimization principle exists, the evolutionary outcomes can be largely determined by other aspects of the population dynamical embedding. The existence of an optimization principle is technically helpful, biologically very restrictive, and has in general no further biological relevance.	[Metz, J. A. J.] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; [Metz, J. A. J.] Leiden Univ, Math Inst, Sect Theoret Biol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; [Metz, J. A. J.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Metz, J. A. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Math & Stat, Helsinki, Finland; [Mylius, S. D.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Expertise Ctr Methodol & Informat Serv, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands; [Diekmann, O.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Math, Utrecht, Netherlands	Metz, JAJ (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, POB 9561, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.	j.a.j.metz@biology.leidenuniv.nl			Life Sciences Foundation (SLW)	The work of S.D. Mylius was supported by the Life Sciences Foundation (SLW) subsidized by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Peter Klinkhamer, James McAllister, and Jan Sevenster provided useful comments oil a previous version of the manuscript. This paper is an extended version of the first part of IIASA Working Paper #WP-96-04 (Metz. et al., 1996b). After having had this paper in the drawer after initial rejections for more than 10 years, we are grateful to Evolutionary Ecology Research for allowing its comeback, to Eva Kisdi for soliciting LIS to Submit and exposing LIS to two rounds of extensive and very useful comments. and to Michael Rozenzweig for whipping the abstract into the required shape.	Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Geritz SAH, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P35, DOI 10.1023/A:1006554906681; Gyllenberg M, 2003, J MATH BIOL, V47, P235, DOI 10.1007/s00285-003-0213-y; LEVIN SA, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P413, DOI 10.1086/282676; Meszena G, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V69, P68, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2005.07.001; Metz J, 2008, ENCY ECOLOGY; Metz JAJ, 2008, EVOL ECOL RES, V10, P629; METZ JAJ, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P198, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90073-K; Metz JAJ, 1996, WP9604 IIASA; METZ JAJ, 1996, STOCHASTIC SPATIAL S, P183; Mylius SD, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P218, DOI 10.2307/3545651; RAND DA, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V343, P261, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0025	12	15	15	0	10	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	JUL	2008	10	5					655	666						12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	341WU	WOS:000258747100002					2018-11-12	
J	Belsky, J				Belsky, Jay			War, trauma and children's development: Observations from a modern evolutionary perspective	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Workshop on Chronic Exposure to Catastrophic War Experiences and Political Violence - Links to the Well-Being of Children and Their Families	MAY 15-18, 2005	Jerusalem, ISRAEL	ISSBD, Al Quds Univ, Univ Haifa, Peres Ctr Peace		reproductive strategy; evolution; parenting; anxiety; depression; aggression	POLITICAL VIOLENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT; INFANT ATTACHMENT; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; MARITAL CONFLICT; STRESS; FAMILIES	Lethal intergroup conflict has been part of the human experience ever since our species emerged on the African savannah. Modern evolutionary thinking suggests that children's development could have evolved a variety of responses to it, some of which are highlighted upon considering, from the field of behavioural ecology, life-history theory and, derived from it, Belsky, Steinberg and Draper's ( 1991) evolutionary theory of socialization. This speculative essay examines the implications of such thinking, specifically with regard to insecure attachment, anxiety, depression, aggression, pubertal and sexual development, as well as mating and parenting. Considered, too, are issues of intergenerational transmission and variation in developmental reactivity to exposure to deadly political violence of the ethnic-cleansing variety in childhood.	Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Inst Study Children Families & Social Issues, London WC1B 3RA, England	Belsky, J (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Inst Study Children Families & Social Issues, 7 Bedford Sq, London WC1B 3RA, England.	j.belsky@bbk.ac.uk		Belsky, Jay/0000-0003-2191-2503			Abrams KY, 2006, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V18, P345, DOI 10.1017/S0954579406060184; ABRAMSON LY, 1978, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V87, P49, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49; Ajdukovic M, 1998, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V10, P186, DOI 10.1080/09540269874763; Amato PR, 2001, J FAM PSYCHOL, V15, P355, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.15.3.355; Bandura A., 1977, SOCIAL LEARNING THEO; Barber B. 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J	Mautz, BS; Sakaluk, SK				Mautz, Brian S.; Sakaluk, Scott K.			The effects of age and previous mating experience on pre- and post-copulatory mate choice in female house crickets (Acheta domesticus L.)	JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR			English	Article						Acheta domesticus; age; female mate choice; house crickets; mating experience; sexual selection	GRYLLUS-INTEGER ORTHOPTERA; BLACK FIELD CRICKET; FLUCTUATING SELECTION; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; DECORATED CRICKETS; BIMACULATUS DEGEER; SEXUAL SELECTION; PREDATION RISK; SPERM TRANSFER; MALE SIZE	Although females' mating preferences are influenced by male characteristics, there are a number of factors intrinsic to females and unrelated to male phenotype that can modulate female choice. We assessed the effects of age and mating experience on mechanisms of pre- and post-copulatory mate choice in female house crickets, Acheta domesticus L., by randomly assigning males to females, but independently varying the age and number of previous matings of females at the time of experimental matings. Latency to mating, a measure of a female's precopulatory preference, was influenced by female age at the time of mating, with older females mating sooner than younger females. The reduced selectivity of older females appears consistent with life-history theory, which predicts that the reproductive value of females should decline with age. The length of time that females retained the spermatophore after mating, a measure of a female's post-copulatory mating preference, was not influenced by female age at the time of mating, the number of previous matings, or any interaction between the two main effects. Contrary to previous reports, male mass had no effect on either the latency to mating or female retention of the spermatophore in A. domesticus. We conclude that female age and mating experience can moderate female selectivity, but that their impact varies according to the mechanism by which females favor particular sires.	[Mautz, Brian S.; Sakaluk, Scott K.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Normal, IL 61790 USA	Sakaluk, SK (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Normal, IL 61790 USA.	sksakal@ilstu.edu	Mautz, Brian/F-2415-2010	Mautz, Brian/0000-0003-3870-2932			ALEXANDER RD, 1967, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLIC, V133, P1; Allison D. 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Insect Behav.	JUL	2008	21	4					203	212		10.1007/s10905-008-9120-9				10	Entomology	Entomology	317ML	WOS:000257024200002					2018-11-12	
J	Jennings, S; Melin, F; Blanchard, JL; Forster, RM; Dulvy, NK; Wilson, RW				Jennings, Simon; Melin, Frederic; Blanchard, Julia L.; Forster, Rodney M.; Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Wilson, Rod W.			Global-scale predictions of community and ecosystem properties from simple ecological theory	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						macroecology; metabolic ecology; food web; food chain; climate; production	FISH PRODUCTION; FOOD WEBS; OCEAN; BIOMASS; SIZE; SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTHWESTERN; PREDATORS; ABUNDANCE	We show how theoretical developments in macroecology, life-history theory and food-web ecology can be combined to formulate a simple model for predicting the potential biomass, production, size and trophic structure of consumer communities. The strength of our approach is that it uses remote sensing data to predict properties of consumer communities in environments that are challenging and expensive to sample directly. An application of the model to the marine environment on a global scale, using primary production and temperature estimates from satellite remote sensing as inputs, suggests that the global biomass of marine animals more than 10(-5) g wet weight is 2.62 x 10(9) t (=8.16 g m(-2) ocean) and production is 1.00 x 10(10) t yr(-1) (31.15 g m(-2) yr(-1)). Based on the life-history theory, we propose and apply an approximation for distinguishing the relative contributions of different animal groups. Fish biomass and production, for example, are estimated as 8.99 x 10(8) t (2.80 g m(-2)) and 7.91 x 10(8) t yr(-1) (2.46 g m(-2) yr(-1)), respectively, and 50% of fish biomass is shown to occur in 17% of the total ocean area (8.22 g m(-2)). The analyses show that emerging ecological theory can be synthesized to set baselines for assessing human and climate impacts on global scales.	[Jennings, Simon; Blanchard, Julia L.; Forster, Rodney M.; Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Scu, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England; [Melin, Frederic] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Italy; [Wilson, Rod W.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Hatherly Labs, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England	Jennings, S (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Scu, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.	simon.jennings@cefas.co.uk	Jennings, Simon/F-5085-2012; Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010	Jennings, Simon/0000-0002-2390-7225; Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824; Forster, Rodney/0000-0001-6990-1673; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725	Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F001517/1]		Agawin NSR, 2000, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V45, P591, DOI 10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0591; BOUDREAU PR, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1528, DOI 10.1139/f92-169; Brander KM, 2001, ICES J MAR SCI, V58, P962, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2001.1086; Brown J.H., 1995, MACROECOLOGY, P269; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Brown JH, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P1467, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0630310100; Carr ME, 2006, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V53, P741, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.028; CHAMBERS RC, 1997, EARLY LIFE HIST RECR, P63; COMPAGNO LJV, IN PRESS SHARKS OPEN; Cushing D.H, 1975, MARINE ECOLOGY FISHE; DICKIE LM, 1987, ECOL MONOGR, V57, P233, DOI 10.2307/2937082; Duarte CM, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1758, DOI 10.4319/lo.1996.41.8.1758; Dunne JP, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, DOI 10.1029/2004GB002390; Duplisea DE, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P412, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.11.005; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P990, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00526.x; Frank KT, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P1096, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00961.x; Friedlander AM, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V230, P253, DOI 10.3354/meps230253; Gaston K. 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R., 1997, DEEP SEA DEMERSAL FI; PAULY D, 1995, NATURE, V374, P255, DOI 10.1038/374255a0; RYTHER JH, 1969, SCIENCE, V166, P72, DOI 10.1126/science.166.3901.72; Sarmiento JL, 2004, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V18, DOI 10.1029/2003GB002134; SHELDON RW, 1967, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V24, P909, DOI 10.1139/f67-081; SPARHOLT H, 1990, J CONSEIL, V46, P200; Ware D. M., 2000, FISH OCEANOGR, P161	39	115	116	1	57	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUN 22	2008	275	1641					1375	1383		10.1098/rspb.2008.0192				9	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	295VY	WOS:000255503300004	18348964	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Hochberg, Z				Hochberg, Z.			Juvenility in the context of life history theory	ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD			English	Review							FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; PREMATURE ADRENARCHE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; DIURNAL RHYTHMS; HUMAN GROWTH	Homo sapiens is unique in having four prolonged and pronounced postnatal pre-adult life history stages: infancy, which lasts for 30-36 months and ends with weaning from breast feeding in traditional societies; childhood, which lasts for an additional 2-4 years and concludes in a degree of independence as regards protection and food provision; a juvenile stage of 3 4 years that terminates with readiness for sexual maturation; and adolescence, which lasts for 3-5 years and culminates in fertility. Juvenility implies two transitional periods which are only experienced by humans: a transition from childhood to juvenility and from juvenility to adolescence. Juvenility, "the age of reason and responsibility'' and concrete operation, coincides with elementary school age and offers opportunities to prepare for the social complexity of adolescence. Here I define the transition to juvenility by three variables: adrenarche (the onset of adrenal androgen generation), growth pattern (decelerating from a linear childhood growth velocity) and adiposity rebound acceleration of body mass index. The data presented suggest that this period is endowed with programming/predictive adaptive responses of body composition to the environment.	[Hochberg, Z.] Meyer Childrens Hosp, Rambam Med Ctr, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel; [Hochberg, Z.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel	Hochberg, Z (reprint author), Meyer Childrens Hosp, Rambam Med Ctr, POB 9602, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel.	z_hochberg@rambam.health.gov.il					Allal N, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2623; Arlt W, 2000, ENDOCR RES, V26, P505, DOI 10.3109/07435800009048561; ARQUITT AB, 1991, J AM DIET ASSOC, V91, P575; Auchus RJ, 2004, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V60, P288, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01858.x; Blogowska A, 2005, J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET, V18, P975; Bogin B, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P109, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.109; Bogin B, 2007, AM J HUM BIOL, V19, P631, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20666; Campbell B, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P569, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20528; Chen CCG, 2004, SEMIN REPROD MED, V22, P369, DOI 10.1055/s-2004-861553; COLE TJ, 1995, ARCH DIS CHILD, V73, P25, DOI 10.1136/adc.73.1.25; Coppa A, 2007, J HUM EVOL, V52, P601, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.009; DHOM G, 1973, BEITR PATHOL, V150, P357; Dorn LD, 1999, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V153, P137; Ellis KJ, 1997, AM J CLIN NUTR, V65, P724; Ellis KJ, 1997, AM J CLIN NUTR, V66, P1323; GERVER WJM, 1996, PEDIAT MORPHOMETRICS; Gimble JM, 2006, J CELL BIOCHEM, V98, P251, DOI 10.1002/jcb.20777; Gogtay N, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P8174, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0402680101; Guercio G, 2003, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V88, P1389, DOI 10.1210/jc.2002-020979; Guercio G, 2002, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V87, P1162, DOI 10.1210/jc.87.3.1162; Guven A, 2005, J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET, V18, P785; HELM S, 1969, ARCH ORAL BIOL, V14, P1177, DOI 10.1016/0003-9969(69)90157-5; HOCHBERG Z, 1995, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V80, P325, DOI 10.1210/jc.80.1.325; HOCHBERG Z, 2008, IN PRESS PEDIAT RES; Hunt PJ, 2000, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V85, P4650, DOI 10.1210/jc.85.12.4650; IBANEZ L, 1992, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V74, P254, DOI 10.1210/jc.74.2.254; Ibanez L, 2000, ENDOCR REV, V21, P671, DOI 10.1210/er.21.6.671; Janson Charles H., 1993, P57; Kerem N, 2001, HORM RES, V55, P298, DOI 10.1159/000050017; KORTHSCHUTZ S, 1976, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V42, P1005, DOI 10.1210/jcem-42-6-1005; Kroboth PD, 1999, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V39, P327, DOI 10.1177/00912709922007903; Lindgren AC, 2000, J PEDIATR-US, V137, P50, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2000.106563; Miller WL, 1999, ACTA PAEDIATR, V88, P60, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14405.x; Mitamura R, 2000, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V85, P1074, DOI 10.1210/jc.85.3.1074; Mitamura R, 1999, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V84, P29, DOI 10.1210/jc.84.1.29; Norjavaara E, 1996, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V81, P4095, DOI 10.1210/jc.81.11.4095; Palmert MR, 2001, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V86, P4536, DOI 10.1210/jc.86.9.4536; Paus T, 2005, TRENDS COGN SCI, V9, P60, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.008; PERE A, 1995, EUR J PEDIATR, V154, P346; Remer T, 2003, J BONE MINER RES, V18, P1539, DOI 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.8.1539; Remer T, 2001, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V86, P4183, DOI 10.1210/jc.86.9.4183; RODDA C, 1987, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V76, P495, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10505.x; Rolland-Cachera MF, 2006, INT J OBESITY, V30, pS11, DOI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803514; SAUNDERS E, 1837, TEETH TEST AGE; SIZONENKO PC, 1978, AM J DIS CHILD, V132, P704, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120320064015; SMITH BH, 1995, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V24, P257, DOI 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001353; SMITH BH, 1994, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V94, P307, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330940303; Smith TM, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P6128, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0700747104; Steudel-Numbers KL, 2007, J HUM EVOL, V53, P191, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.001; Suzuki M, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P3202, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0307325101; Suzuki T, 2000, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V53, P739, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01144.x; Unanue N, 2007, HORM RES, V67, P152, DOI 10.1159/000096742; van Goozen SHM, 1998, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V43, P156, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00360-6; VANDERSLUIS I, 2002, CHILDRENS BONE HLTH; VANDOP C, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V111, P684, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80243-3; WHITE SH, 1996, MAC FDN MEN, P17; ZEMEL BS, 1986, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V71, P459, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330710409	57	24	26	1	3	BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP	LONDON	BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND	0003-9888	1468-2044		ARCH DIS CHILD	Arch. Dis. Child.	JUN	2008	93	6					534	539		10.1136/adc.2008.137570				6	Pediatrics	Pediatrics	303TY	WOS:000256065000018	18337281				2018-11-12	
J	Mangel, M				Mangel, M.			Environment, damage and senescence: modelling the life-history consequences of variable stress and caloric intake	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Review						life-history theory; hormesis; foetal programming; metabolic syndrome; damage; foraging	CATCH-UP GROWTH; FETAL ORIGINS HYPOTHESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; DIETARY RESTRICTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTAGONISTIC PLEIOTROPY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; COMPENSATORY GROWTH	1. Senescence is intimately connected with physiological state, which is affected by the environment. Two aspects of the environment - stress and caloric intake - are investigated in the context of senescence, particularly in the context of repair of damage caused by endogenous and exogenous stressors. 2. In a simple life-history model, the organism is characterized by size (affecting reproductive success) and accumulated damage (affecting survival) at age. The modelled organism experiences an imprinting period, at the end of which it estimates the level of food and damaging sources in the environment. From those, an optimal life history is determined, assuming that reproduction is an allometric function of size. 3. The optimal life history involves a behavioural trait (intensity of foraging) and an allocation process (amount of energy allocated to repair of damage). Subsequent to the imprinting period, the organism lives experiencing levels of stress or caloric intake that differ from those during the imprinting period. The mismatch is such that either the caloric intake is greater post-imprinting than during imprinting or environmental stress is smaller post-imprinting that during imprinting. 4. Since reproduction is given allometrically and the organism cannot shrink, there is no reproductive senescence. In all cases, mortality increases with age. Senescence is caused by accumulated damage and we focus on the allocation of potential growth to repair and environmental mismatch. 5. In the case of stress mismatch, the general qualitative result is that both the optimal level of activity and the allocation to repair are greater than their values in the case of no mismatch and they are positively correlated. For caloric mismatch, during the post-imprinting period the intensity of foraging is greater than that predicted if there were no mismatches. However, we predict either a negative correlation between genes characterizing activity and repair (for small mismatch), no correlation (for moderate mismatch) or positive correlation (for large mismatch). Furthermore, caloric mismatch is predicted to lead to a considerable reduction in lifetime reproduction, but stress mismatch is predicted to induce an increase in stress resistance throughout life with little cost to lifetime reproduction.	Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA	Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	msmangel@ams.ucsc.edu					Adair LS, 2004, J NUTR, V134, P191; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2007, FUNCT ECOL, V21, P873, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01300.x; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2006, EVOLUTION, V60, P1913, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00534.x; Arumugam TV, 2006, AGEING RES REV, V5, P165, DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2006.03.003; Barker D. J. 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J	Berger, D; Walters, R; Gotthard, K				Berger, D.; Walters, R.; Gotthard, K.			What limits insect fecundity? Body size- and temperature-dependent egg maturation and oviposition in a butterfly	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						body size; ectotherms; egg maturation; fecundity; Lepidoptera; life-history theory; ovigenesis; oviposition	REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; REACTION NORMS; GROWTH; PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION; LEPIDOPTERA; FEMALES; STRATEGIES; ALLOCATION; LARVAE	1. Large female insects usually have high potential fecundity. Therefore selection should favour an increase in body size given that these females get opportunities to realize their potential advantage by maturing and laying more eggs. However, ectotherm physiology is strongly temperature-dependent, and activities are carried out sufficiently only within certain temperature ranges. Thus it remains unclear if the fecundity advantage of a large size is fully realized in natural environments, where thermal conditions are limiting. 2. Insect fecundity might be limited by temperature at two levels; first eggs need to mature, and then the female needs time for strategic ovipositing of the egg. Since a female cannot foresee the number of oviposition opportunities that she will encounter on a given day, the optimal rate of egg maturation will be governed by trade-offs associated with egg- and time-limited oviposition. As females of different sizes will have different amounts of body reserves, size-dependent allocation trade-offs between the mother's condition and her egg production might be expected. 3. In the temperate butterfly Pararge aegeria, the time and temperature dependence of oviposition and egg maturation, and the interrelatedness of these two processes were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments, allowing a decoupling of the time budgets for the respective processes. 4. The results show that realized fecundity of this species can be limited by both the temperature dependence of egg maturation and oviposition under certain thermal regimes. Furthermore, rates of oviposition and egg maturation seemed to have regulatory effects upon each other. Early reproductive output was correlated with short life span, indicating a cost of reproduction. Finally, large females matured more eggs than small females when deprived of oviposition opportunities. Thus, the optimal allocation of resources to egg production seems dependent on female size. 5. This study highlights the complexity of processes underlying rates of egg maturation and oviposition in ectotherms under natural conditions. We further discuss the importance of temperature variation for egg- vs. time-limited fecundity and the consequences for the evolution of female body size in insects.	[Berger, D.; Walters, R.; Gotthard, K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Walters, R.] Univ Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany	Berger, D (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	david.berger@zoologi.su.se	Gotthard, Karl/F-1163-2011				Angilletta MJ, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00087-9; Berger D, 2006, EVOL ECOL, V20, P575, DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9118-8; BERRIGAN D, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P448, DOI 10.2307/2389817; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; BLAU WS, 1981, OECOLOGIA, V48, P116, DOI 10.1007/BF00346997; BOGGS CL, 1986, ECOL ENTOMOL, V11, P7, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1986.tb00274.x; BOULETREAU J, 1978, OECOLOGIA, V35, P319, DOI 10.1007/BF00345140; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Carey JR, 2001, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V46, P79, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.79; CARROLL AL, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF00317676; Ellers J, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P650, DOI 10.1086/316990; Ellers J, 2003, OIKOS, V102, P164, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12183.x; Esperk T, 2004, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V29, P56, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2004.0365.x; GOTTHARD K, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P71; Gotthard K, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P768, DOI 10.1086/516651; HONEK A, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P483, DOI 10.2307/3544943; Jervis MA, 2005, ECOL ENTOMOL, V30, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00712.x; Jervis MA, 2007, EVOL ECOL, V21, P307, DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9102-3; KARLSSON B, 1990, FUNCT ECOL, V4, P609, DOI 10.2307/2389728; Kingsolver JG, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P450, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.450; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; LEATHER SR, 1988, OIKOS, V51, P386, DOI 10.2307/3565323; Leimar O, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P228, DOI 10.2307/3546194; Margraf N, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P605, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00775.x; Migeon JC, 1999, MOL BIOL CELL, V10, P1733, DOI 10.1091/mbc.10.6.1733; NYLIN S, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V38, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01571.x; Papaj DR, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P423, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.423; R Development Core Team, 2005, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Roff D. 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J	Fujiwara, M				Fujiwara, Masami			Effects of an autocorrelated stochastic environment and fisheries on the age at maturity of Chinook salmon	THEORETICAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Age of maturity; Environmental autocorrelation; Life-history evolution; Matrix population model; Maturation adjustment strategy	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-SALMON; REACTION NORMS; SIZE; POPULATION; MATURATION; GROWTH; DENSITY; STOCKS	Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reproduce only once in their lifetime, and their age at reproduction varies among individuals (indeterminate semelparous). However, the factors that determine their spawning age still remain uncertain. Evidence from recent studies suggests that individual growth and reproduction of Chinook salmon are affected by the rate of coastal upwelling, which is shown to be positively autocorrelated between years. Therefore, the serially autocorrelated environmental is expected to play an important role in determining their spawning age. In the present study, I demonstrate the advantage of an indeterminate maturation strategy under a stochastic environment. I then present theoretical evidence for the advantage of adjusting the maturation probability based on the environment they experienced and demonstrate that fisheries reduce the fitness of the strategy to delay maturation. The results presented herein emphasize the importance of incorporating detailed life-history strategies of organisms when undertaking population management.	SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA	Fujiwara, M (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.	masami.fujiwara@noaa.gov	Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012	Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043			Botsford LW, 2002, PROG OCEANOGR, V53, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00034-4; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Coulson T, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P1528, DOI 10.1126/science.292.5521.1528; Fujiwara M, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P106, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00556.x; Fujiwara M, 2001, NATURE, V414, P537, DOI 10.1038/35107054; FUJIWARA M, 2007, EFFECTS ENV IN PRESS; Gallager R. G., 1995, DISCRETE STOCHASTIC; Gargett AE, 1997, FISH OCEANOGR, V6, P109, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.1997.00033.x; Greene CM, 2004, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V61, P590, DOI 10.1139/F04-024; Gurney WSC, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P602, DOI 10.2307/2390170; Hallett TB, 2004, NATURE, V430, P71, DOI 10.1038/nature02708; HANKIN DG, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P1746, DOI 10.1139/f86-219; HANKIN DG, 1985, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V42, P393; HANKIN DG, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P343; Hare SR, 1999, FISHERIES, V24, P6, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0006:IPR>2.0.CO;2; Healey M. C., 1991, PACIFIC SALMON LIFE; HEALEY MC, 1984, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V41, P476, DOI 10.1139/f84-057; Heino M, 2002, ICES J MAR SCI, V59, P562, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2002.1192; Heino M, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P669, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01378.x; Heino M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1971, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1971; Hill MF, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P736, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00745.x; Jonsson N, 2003, J APPL ECOL, V40, P900, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00851.x; KAITALA V, 1995, J MATH BIOL, V33, P521, DOI 10.1007/BF00163041; Kingsolver JG, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P163, DOI 10.1086/510631; Law R, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P659, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0731; Mantua NJ, 1997, B AM METEOROL SOC, V78, P1069, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2; Mantua NJ, 2002, J OCEANOGR, V58, P35, DOI 10.1023/A:1015820616384; McGregor EA, 1922, CALIF FISH GAME REPO, V8, P161; Morita K, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P2752, DOI 10.1139/F05-182; Morita K, 2006, EVOLUTION, V60, P1516, DOI 10.1554/06-007.1; Prager MH, 2001, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V21, P533, DOI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0533:THRMFK>2.0.CO;2; Quinn T. J., 2005, BEHAV ECOLOGY PACIFI; RICKER W. E, 1958, HDB COMPUTATIONS BIO; RICKER WE, 1981, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V38, P1636, DOI 10.1139/f81-213; Scheuerell MD, 2005, FISH OCEANOGR, V14, P448, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00346.x; Tuljapurkar Shripad, 2006, Ecol Lett, V9, P327, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00881.x; Wells BK, 2007, FISH OCEANOGR, V16, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00437.x; Wilmers CC, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P673, DOI 10.1086/513484	38	5	5	0	13	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG	HEIDELBERG	TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY	1874-1738	1874-1746		THEOR ECOL-NETH	Theor. Ecol.	JUN	2008	1	2					89	101		10.1007/s12080-007-0008-7				13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	500UQ	WOS:000270331400003					2018-11-12	
J	Lee, R				Lee, Ronald			Sociality, selection, and survival: Simulated evolution of mortality with intergenerational transfers and food sharing	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						aging; evolution; life-history theory; parental investment; demography	NATURAL-SELECTION; INTELLIGENCE; COEVOLUTION; SENESCENCE; LONGEVITY; HUMANS	Why do humans survive so long past reproductive age, and why does juvenile mortality decline after birth, both contrary to the classic theory of aging?, Previous work has shown formally that intergenerational transfers can explain both these patterns. Here, simulations confirm those results under weaker assumptions and explore how different social arrangements shape life-history evolution. Simulated single-sex hunter-gatherers survive, forage, reproduce, and share food with kin and nonkin in ways guided by the ethnographic literature. Natural selection acts on probabilistically occurring deleterious mutations. Neither stable population age distributions nor homogeneous genetic lineages are assumed. When food is shared only within kin groups, an infant death permits reallocation of its unneeded food to the infant's kin, offsetting the fitness cost of the death and weakening the force of selection against infant mortality. Thus, evolved infant mortality is relatively high, more so in larger kin groups. Food sharing with nonkin reduces the costs to kin of child rearing, but also reduces the resources recaptured by kin after an infant death, so evolved infant mortality is lower. Postreproductive adults transfer food to descendants, enhancing their growth and survival, so postreproductive survival is selected. The force of selection for old-age survival depends in complicated ways on the food-sharing arrangements. Population-level food sharing with nonkin leads to the classic pattern of constant low mortality up to sexual maturity and no postreproductive survival.	[Lee, Ronald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Demog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Lee, Ronald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Lee, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Demog, 2232 Piedmont Ave, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.	rlee@demog.berkeley.edu			NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG022500]		Beise J., 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P215; Bengtsson T, 2004, LIFE UNDER PRESSURE; Binford L. R., 2001, CONSTRUCTING FRAMES; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Chu CYC, 2008, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V73, P171, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.11.005; Chu CYC, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V69, P193, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2005.11.004; Eyre-Walker A, 1999, NATURE, V397, P344, DOI 10.1038/16915; FISHER R. A., 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; Gordo I, 2000, GENETICS, V154, P1379; Gurven M, 2004, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V27, P543; GURVEN M, 2007, POPUL DEV REV, V33, P1; HAMILTON WD, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P12, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6; Hawkes K., 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P118, DOI DOI 10.1007/S12110-010-9098-9; Hrdy SB, 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P295; Hurtado A. M., 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST ECOLO; KAPLAN H, 1994, POPUL DEV REV, V20, P753, DOI 10.2307/2137661; Kaplan HS, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P10221, DOI 10.1073/pnas.152502899; Kaplan HS, 2005, MORAL SENTIMENTS MAT, P75; Lahdenpera M, 2004, NATURE, V428, P178, DOI 10.1038/nature02367; Lee R, 2000, SHARING WEALTH DEMOG, P17; Lee RD, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P9637, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1530303100; LEE RD, 1997, ZEUS SALMON BIODEMOG, P212; Lee R, 2006, HIST METHOD, V39, P171; Mace R, 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P143; MEDAWAR PB, 1952, UNSOLVED PROBLEM BIO; Nachman MW, 2000, GENETICS, V156, P297; Packer C, 2001, SEX AND LONGEVITY: SEXUALITY, GENDER, REPRODUCTION, PARENTHOOD, P91; Pavard S, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P1153, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00086.x; R Development Core Team, 2008, LANG ENV STAT COMP; Robson AJ, 2003, AM ECON REV, V93, P150, DOI 10.1257/000282803321455205; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	31	42	43	0	13	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	MAY 20	2008	105	20					7124	7128		10.1073/pnas.0710234105				5	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	305FJ	WOS:000256162900006	18458325	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lutermann, H; Bennett, NC				Lutermann, H.; Bennett, N. C.			Strong immune function: a benefit promoting the evolution of sociality?	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						cost of reproduction; immune function; survival; mole-rat; Cryptomys; cooperative breeding	SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NAKED MOLE-RAT; HETEROCEPHALUS-GLABER; CRYPTOMYS-HOTTENTOTUS; CAPTIVE COLONIES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; SPLEEN SIZE; BODY-FAT; REPRODUCTION	Life-history theory suggests that breeding effort leads to lowered subsequent fecundity and survival. Immunity is a major physiological mechanism regulating survival and trade-offs between reproductive effort and immune function may be expected. In cooperatively breeding species, breeders may benefit from non-breeders that perform energetically costly tasks by increased survival. However, this has never been related to immune function. In mammals trade-offs between reproductive effort and immune function are likely to be mediated through energy that can be stored in adipose tissue. We compared fat mass and immune function measured as spleen mass between breeders and non-breeders and among the sexes in cooperatively breeding Natal mole-rats Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis. Assuming that larger spleen size indicates a stronger immune function, we hypothesized that reproductive effort leads to reduced energy stores and thus smaller spleen mass in breeders and expected females to have a larger fat and spleen mass than males. We could establish a relationship between energy stores and spleen mass but found the expected sex-specific difference only in breeders. Spleen mass was similar between breeders and non-breeders. The energy cost of reproduction may be compensated for by the contribution of non-breeders in this cooperative breeder. We suggest that non-breeders reduce work loads for breeders and thereby allow breeders a higher investment in immune function that may result in improved survival. This could also explain increased survival in mole-rats and possibly other cooperative vertebrates.	[Lutermann, H.; Bennett, N. C.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Lutermann, H (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.	hlutermann@zoology.up.ac.za	Bennett, Nigel/E-4238-2010; Lutermann, Heike/A-4692-2008	Bennett, Nigel/0000-0001-9748-2947; Lutermann, Heike/0000-0002-7521-2302			Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; Arnold KE, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P739, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0355; Bachman GC, 2003, J EXP BIOL, V206, P2373, DOI 10.1242/jeb.00467; Bartness TJ, 2002, EXP BIOL MED, V227, P363; BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; BENNETT NC, 1993, Z SAUGETIERKD, V58, P362; Bennett NC, 2000, AFRICAN MOLE RATS EC; Bishop JM, 2004, MOL ECOL, V13, P1217, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02131.x; Burland TM, 2004, MOL ECOL, V13, P2371, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02233.x; Clarke FM, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P993, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0137; Clarke FM, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1391, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0447; Clutton-Brock TH, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P185, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0281; CRICK HQP, 1992, IBIS, V134, P56, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1992.tb07230.x; Dammann P, 2006, CURR BIOL, V16, pR117, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.012; Demas GE, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1845, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3126; Demas GE, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P905, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2341; Fernandez-Llario P, 2004, EUR J WILDLIFE RES, V50, P13, DOI 10.1007/s10344-003-0028-6; Gabathuler U, 1996, J ZOOL, V240, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05281.x; Hanssen SA, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V136, P457, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1282-8; Hatchwell BJ, 1999, AM NAT, V154, P205, DOI 10.1086/303227; HICKMAN GC, 1979, Z SAUGETIERKD, V44, P153; JOHN JL, 1994, Q REV BIOL, V69, P327, DOI 10.1086/418649; Klein SL, 1999, REV REPROD, V4, P168; KOTZE J, IN PRESS PHYSL BEHAV; Kristan DM, 2004, J EXP BIOL, V207, P2351, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01020; Li FH, 2007, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V90, P490, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.10.009; LOVEGROVE BG, 1989, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V62, P449, DOI 10.1086/physzool.62.2.30156179; McKean KA, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P7904, DOI 10.1073/pnas.131216398; Nelson RJ, 1996, Q REV BIOL, V71, P511, DOI 10.1086/419555; Niewiarowski PH, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P421, DOI 10.1086/319321; Okamoto S, 2000, BRAIN RES, V855, P192, DOI 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02409-9; PERRET M, 1998, J MAMMAL, V59, P41; Rabenold K.N., 1990, COOPERATIVE BREEDING, P159; Rogowitz GL, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P197; Rolff J, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P867, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1959; Russell Andrew F., 2004, P210, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511606816.014; Scantlebury M, 2006, NATURE, V440, P795, DOI 10.1038/nature04578; Schwanz LE, 2006, J EXP BIOL, V209, P5029, DOI 10.1242/jeb.02601; Sherman PW, 2002, J ZOOL, V258, P307, DOI 10.1017/S0952836902001437; Solomon N.G., 1997, COOPERATIVE BREEDING; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Trivers R., 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; Vicente J, 2007, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V94, P581, DOI 10.1007/s00114-007-0231-5	43	10	10	0	3	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	0952-8369			J ZOOL	J. Zool.	MAY	2008	275	1					26	32		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00403.x				7	Zoology	Zoology	300PZ	WOS:000255839000004					2018-11-12	
J	Cvorovic, J; Rushton, JP; Tenjevic, L				Cvorovic, Jelena; Rushton, J. Philippe; Tenjevic, Lazar			Maternal IQ and child mortality in 222 Serbian Roma (Gypsy) women	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						gypsies; longevity; intelligence; life-history theory; evolutionary psychology	REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; LIFE-HISTORY; BRAIN SIZE; INTELLIGENCE; RISK; POPULATION; ABILITY; HEALTH	A significant negative correlation (r = -0.26) is found between maternal IQ measured by the Raven's Matrices and child mortality in 222 Serbian Roma (Gypsy) women. Statistical adjustments for schooling, age, religion, number of marriages, age at first reproduction, and birth spacing did not remove the correlation. Indeed, maternal schooling had no association with child mortality after controlling for IQ. We suggest that in addition to cognitively mediated self-management, an explanation for the relationship may lie in a cross-species life-history theory in which IQ scores are linked to brain size and a robust constitution. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	[Rushton, J. Philippe] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; [Cvorovic, Jelena] Serbian Acad Sci, Belgrade, Serbia; [Tenjevic, Lazar] Belgrade Univ Philosophy, Belgrade, Serbia	Rushton, JP (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.	rushton@uwo.ca					ANDERSON B, 1993, NEUROSCI LETT, V153, P98, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90086-Z; Batty GD, 2007, ANN EPIDEMIOL, V17, P278, DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.010; Bereczkei T, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P17, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0003; CRAMER JC, 1987, DEMOGRAPHY, V24, P299, DOI 10.2307/2061300; Cvorovic J, 2004, POPUL ENVIRON, V25, P217; Deary IJ, 2004, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V86, P130, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.130; Dunbar RIM, 2007, PHILOS T R SOC B, V362, P649, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2006.2001; Gottfredson LS, 2004, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V86, P174, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.174; Hemmingsson T, 2006, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V35, P665, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyi321; Kanazawa S, 2006, BRIT J HEALTH PSYCH, V11, P623, DOI 10.1348/135910705X69842; Lynn R, 2006, IQ GLOBAL INEQUALITY; Maller J. B., 1933, HUM BIOL, V5, P94; Mortimer JA, 2003, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V25, P671, DOI 10.1076/jcen.25.5.671.14584; OTOOLE BI, 1992, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V13, P699, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90241-G; Oxfam and Belgrade Institute for Health Protection, 2003, ROM HLTH; PETROVIC R, 1992, RAZVITAK ROMA JUGOSL, P115; Raven J., 1998, RAVEN MANUAL STANDAR; Rushton J.P, 2007, EVOLUTIONARY COGNITI, P121; Rushton JP, 2007, INTELLIGENCE, V35, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.002; Rushton JP, 2004, INTELLIGENCE, V32, P321, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.003; *SAV CHILDR FUND, 2001, DEN FUT RIGHT ED ROM; Shultz S, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P2305, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3250; SMITH BH, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P683, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04266.x; TOWNSEND P, 1982, INEQUALITIES HLTH	24	12	12	2	7	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0191-8869			PERS INDIV DIFFER	Pers. Individ. Differ.	MAY	2008	44	7					1604	1609		10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.019				6	Psychology, Social	Psychology	292MG	WOS:000255269600016					2018-11-12	
J	Blumstein, DT; Moller, AP				Blumstein, D. T.; Moller, A. P.			Is sociality associated with high longevity in North American birds?	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						cooperative breeding; life-history theory of senescence; longevity; maximum lifespan	LIFE-HISTORY; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORIES; SENESCENCE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; SIZE; PREY	Sociality, as a life-history trait, should be associated with high longevity because complex sociality is characterized by reproductive suppression, delayed breeding, increased care and survival, and some of these traits select for high longevity. We studied the relationship between cooperative parental care (a proxy of complex sociality) and relative maximum lifespan in 257 North American bird species. After controlling for variation in maximum lifespan explained by body mass, sampling effort, latitude, mortality rate, migration distance and age at first reproduction, we found no significant effect of cooperative care on longevity in analyses of species-specific data or phylogenetically independent standardized linear contrasts. Thus, sociality itself is not associated with high longevity. Rather, longevity is correlated with increased body size, survival rate and age of first reproduction.	[Blumstein, D. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Moller, A. P.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7103, Lab Parasitol Evolut, F-75252 Paris 05, France	Blumstein, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 621 Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.	marmots@ucla.edu	Blumstein, Daniel/B-6199-2012	Blumstein, Daniel/0000-0001-5793-9244			ABRAMS PA, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01241.x; Arnold KE, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P739, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0355; AUSTAD SN, 1991, J GERONTOL, V46, pB47, DOI 10.1093/geronj/46.2.B47; Bennett A. F., 2002, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; Blumstein DT, 1998, BEHAV ECOL, V9, P8; BROWN JL, 1987, HELPING COMMUNAL BRE; Cahan SH, 2002, OIKOS, V96, P206, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960202.x; Carey JR, 2001, EXP GERONTOL, V36, P713, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00237-0; Cockburn A, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1375, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3458; Covas R, 2007, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V274, P1349, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0117; Ebensperger LA, 2006, BEHAV ECOL, V17, P410, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arj048; Gotmark F, 1996, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V351, P1559, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1996.0141; HOLMES DJ, 1994, J MAMMAL, V75, P224, DOI 10.2307/1382255; Keller L, 1997, NATURE, V389, P958, DOI 10.1038/40130; KOENIG WD, 1992, Q REV BIOL, V67, P111, DOI 10.1086/417552; Krause J, 2002, LIVING GROUPS; Moller AP, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P750, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01236.x; Moller AP, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V60, P227, DOI 10.1007/s00265-006-0160-x; Moller AP, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P682, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01065.x; Poole A, 2002, BIRDS N AM; Ricklefs RE, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P24, DOI 10.1086/286147; Varela SAM, 2007, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V20, P1490, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01334.x; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; WILKINSON GS, 2002, AGING CELL, V20, P1474, DOI DOI 10.1046/J.1474-9728.2002.00020.X; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; WOLFF JO, 1985, OIKOS, V45, P365, DOI 10.2307/3565572	26	31	31	3	95	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETTERS	Biol. Lett.	APR 23	2008	4	2					146	148		10.1098/rsbl.2007.0606				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	279KD	WOS:000254353200002	18182364	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	De Block, M; Stoks, R				De Block, Marjan; Stoks, Robby			Compensatory growth and oxidative stress in a damselfly	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						antioxidant enzymes; carry-over costs; damselfly larvae; life-history trade-offs; oxidative stress; rapid growth	INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL COSTS; ZEBRA FINCHES; SHORT-TERM; LIFE-SPAN; REPRODUCTION; EXPOSURE; INSECTS; DEFENSE; FITNESS	Physiological costs of compensatory growth are poorly understood, yet may be the key components in explaining why growth rates are typically submaximal. Here we tested the hypothesized direct costs of compensatory growth in terms of oxidative stress. We assessed oxidative stress in a study where we generated compensatory growth in body mass by exposing larvae of the damselfly Lestes viridis to a transient starvation period followed by ad libitum food. Compensatory growth in the larval stage was associated with higher oxidative stress (as measured by induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the adult stage. Our results challenge two traditional views of life-history theory. First, they indicate that age and mass at metamorphosis not necessarily completely translate larval stress into adult fitness and that the observed physiological cost may explain hidden carry-over effects. Second, they support the notion that costs of compensatory growth may be associated with free-radical-mediated trade-offs and not necessarily with resource-mediated trade-offs.	[De Block, Marjan; Stoks, Robby] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium	Stoks, R (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Deberiotstr 32, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.	robby.stoks@bio.kuleuven.be					Abele D, 1998, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B, V120, P425, DOI 10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10028-7; AEBI H, 1984, METHOD ENZYMOL, V105, P121; AHMAD S, 1992, BIOCHEM SYST ECOL, V20, P269, DOI 10.1016/0305-1978(92)90040-K; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2007, FUNCT ECOL, V21, P873, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01300.x; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Blount JD, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1691, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2411; Crescenzo R, 2006, DIABETES, V55, P2286, DOI 10.2337/db06-0312; De Block M, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P185, DOI 10.1890/04-0116; Droge W, 2007, AGING CELL, V6, P361, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00294.x; FELTON GW, 1995, ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM, V29, P187, DOI 10.1002/arch.940290208; Finkel T, 2000, NATURE, V408, P239, DOI 10.1038/35041687; Fischer K, 2004, EVOL ECOL, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/s10682-004-2004-3; Fisher MO, 2006, PLOS BIOL, V4, P1462, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040251; Korsloot A., 2004, ENV STRESS CELLULAR; Krishnan N, 2006, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V52, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.08.009; LOFT S, 1994, FASEB J, V8, P534; Mangel M, 2005, AM NAT, V166, pE155, DOI 10.1086/444439; Metcalfe NB, 2003, EXP GERONTOL, V38, P935, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(03)00159-1; Metcalfe NB, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P254, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02124-3; Mittapalli O, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P1889, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0604722104; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Rojas RR, 1996, CRYOBIOLOGY, V33, P447, DOI 10.1006/cryo.1996.0045; Rollo CD, 2002, EVOL DEV, V4, P55, DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.01053.x; ROWE L, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P413, DOI 10.2307/2937184; Sandrini JZ, 2006, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V25, P1337, DOI 10.1897/05-275R.1; STEIDL RJ, 2001, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC, P14; Stoks R, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P1566, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1566:PCOCGI]2.0.CO;2; Stoks R, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3327, DOI 10.1890/02-0696; Verhulst S, 2006, BIOL LETT-UK, V2, P478, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0496	31	102	104	1	41	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P R SOC B	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	APR 7	2008	275	1636					781	785		10.1098/rspb.2007.1515				5	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	262RS	WOS:000253166300005	18182373	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Walker, RS; Gurven, M; Burger, O; Hamilton, MJ				Walker, Robert S.; Gurven, Michael; Burger, Oskar; Hamilton, Marcus J.			The trade-off between number and size of offspring in humans and other primates	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						quantity-quality trade-off; Smith-Fretwell model; number and size of offspring; natural-fertility human societies; primate life histories; quarter-power scaling	HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; EVOLUTION; FERTILITY; MAMMALS; GROWTH; POPULATION; ECOLOGY; FITNESS	Life-history theory posits a fundamental trade-off between number and size of offspring that structures the variability in parental investment across and within species. We investigate this 'quantity-quality' trade-off across primates and present evidence that a similar trade-off is also found across natural-fertility human societies. Restating the classic Smith-Fretwell model in terms of allometric scaling of resource supply and offspring investment predicts an inverse scaling relation between birth rate and offspring size and a -1/4 power scaling between birth rate and body size. We show that these theoretically predicted relationships, in particular the inverse scaling between number and size of offspring, tend to hold across increasingly finer scales of analyses (i.e. from mammals to primates to apes to humans). The advantage of this approach is that the quantity-quality trade-off in humans is placed into a general framework of parental investment that follows directly from first principles of energetic allocation.	[Walker, Robert S.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; [Gurven, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Burger, Oskar; Hamilton, Marcus J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Walker, RS (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Deutscher Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.	robert_walker@eva.mpg.de		Burger, Oskar/0000-0002-7552-5851; Gurven, Michael/0000-0002-5661-527X			Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; BARRICKMAN NL, J HUM EVOL; BILLEWICZ WZ, 1981, J BIOSOC SCI, V13, P219; BILLINGTON BP, 1948, RECORDS AM AUSTR SCI, V2, P90; Bininda-Emonds ORP, 2007, NATURE, V446, P507, DOI 10.1038/nature05634; Bove RB, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P457, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1003-8; BRUSH G, 1983, ANN HUM BIOL, V10, P223, DOI 10.1080/03014468300006391; Cavalli-Sforza LL., 1986, AFRICAN PYGMIES; Charnov EL, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P578, DOI 10.1086/501141; CHARNOV EL, 1995, NATURE, V376, P418, DOI 10.1038/376418a0; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; EARLY JD, 1998, POPULATION DYNAMICS; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3402, DOI 10.1890/02-9002; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; GARLAND T, 1993, SYST BIOL, V42, P265, DOI 10.2307/2992464; Gurven M, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P835, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3380; Hagen EH, 2006, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V130, P405, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20272; HAMILTON A, 1981, NATURE NURTURE ABORI; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hill K, 1999, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V28, P397, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.397; Howell N., 1979, DEMOGRAPHY DOBE KUNG; Hurtado A. 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APR 7	2008	275	1636					827	833		10.1098/rspb.2007.1511				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	262RS	WOS:000253166300011	18077252	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Campos, Z; Magnusson, W; Sanaiotti, T; Coutinho, M				Campos, Zilca; Magnusson, William; Sanaiotti, Tania; Coutinho, Marcos			Reproductive trade-offs in Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Caiman crocodilus yacare: implications for size-related management quotas	HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL			English	Article						breeding females; Caiman crocodilus; life-history; reproduction	EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; ALLIGATOR; LIZARDS; NUMBER; VOLUME; BRAZIL; EGGS	Management strategies for crocodilians often include size-selective quotas designed to protect breeding females. However, little is known about among- and within-population variation in size and fecundity in crocodilians. Life-history theory predicts trade-offs between clutch size and egg size. Larger females usually have larger Clutch sizes, and if they also produce larger eggs their contribution to reproductive effort may be greater than the number of eggs they produce. We Studied the relationships among female size and Clutch characteristics for an Amazonian Population of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus between 2001 and 2007, and a Pantanal Population of Caiman crocodilus yacare in 1996. Females in the Amazonian population were smaller, and showed significant differences from the Pantanal Population I-or some relationships. Eggs lost weight during incubation in the Amazonian Population but not in the Pantanal Population. Despite these differences, the effect of egg size accounted for about one quarter of the total effect of female mass on Clutch mass in both populations. Size-selective quotas should take into account that large females produce both more and larger eggs than do small females. However, size distributions of breeding females vary greatly among populations and legal size limits will be more effective if based on data from local populations.	[Campos, Zilca; Coutinho, Marcos] EMBRAPA Pantanal, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil; [Magnusson, William; Sanaiotti, Tania] INPA CPEC, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; [Coutinho, Marcos] IBAMA Ran, Goiania, Go, Brazil	Campos, Z (reprint author), EMBRAPA Pantanal, CP 109, BR-79320900 Corumba, MS, Brazil.	zilca@cpap.embrapa.br					Ballinger R.E., 1983, P241; Brazaitis P, 1998, AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, V19, P193, DOI 10.1163/156853898X00476; Brazaitis Peter, 1996, Amphibia-Reptilia, V17, P377, DOI 10.1163/156853896X00090; Busack SD, 2001, HERPETOLOGICA, V57, P294; CAMPOS Z, 1995, J TROP ECOL, V11, P353; Campos Z, 2006, HERPETOL J, V16, P123; Caughley G., 1994, WILDLIFE ECOLOGY MAN; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; COTT H. B., 1961, TRANS ZOOL SOC LONDON, V29, P211; Coutinho M, 2001, CROCODILIAN BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, P229; CRAWSHAW PG, 1987, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI; DEITZ DC, 1980, COPEIA, P249, DOI 10.2307/1444001; Gorzula S., 1987, P91; *GOV EST AM, 2006, REL GEST 2003 2006; Grace JB, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P151, DOI 10.1086/286156; Graham A., 1968, LAKE RUDOLF CROCODIL; HALL PM, 1987, HERPETOLOGICA, V43, P249; Hines T.C., 1987, P43; Hollands M., 1987, P73; JACOBSEN T, 1989, J ZOOL, V219, P141; JOANEN T, 1989, AM ZOOL, V29, P987; JOANEN T, 1987, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, P329; KING RB, 1993, J HERPETOL, V27, P175, DOI 10.2307/1564934; MAGNUSSON WE, 1995, COPEIA, P498; MAGNUSSON WE, 1983, J HERPETOL, V17, P86, DOI 10.2307/1563790; MARITZ MF, 1994, J HERPETOL, V28, P281, DOI 10.2307/1564526; Messel H., 1989, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Publications New Series, P164; Micucci Patricio A., 1995, P81; PACKARD GC, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P983, DOI 10.2307/1938369; QUALLS CP, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V103, P73, DOI 10.1007/BF00328427; QUEREJAZU AL, 1999, MANEJO CONSERVACION, P285; SEIGEL RA, 1985, J ANIM ECOL, V54, P497, DOI 10.2307/4494; SEIJAS AE, 1984, GSIIAIT165, P1; Shine R, 2005, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V36, P23, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152631; SINERVO B, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1300, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5010.1300; SINERVO B, 1992, SCIENCE, V258, P1927, DOI 10.1126/science.258.5090.1927; Stamps JA, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P470, DOI 10.1086/286183; Staton M.A, 1977, Wildlife Res Rep, V5, P1; THORBJARNARSON JB, 1993, J HERPETOL, V27, P363, DOI 10.2307/1564821; THORBJARNARSON JB, 1994, COPEIA, P907; Turner F.B., 1977, P157; VELASCO A, 2003, INTERCIENCIA, V28, P44; VELASCO A, 1999, MANEJO CONSERVACION, P281; Webb G.J.W., 1987, P199	44	11	11	0	3	BRITISH HERPETOL SOC	LONDON	C/O ZOOL SOC LONDON REGENTS PARK, LONDON NW1 4RY, ENGLAND	0268-0130			HERPETOL J	Herpetolog. J.	APR	2008	18	2					91	96						6	Zoology	Zoology	440VT	WOS:000265728500004					2018-11-12	
J	Robson, SL; Wood, B				Robson, Shannen L.; Wood, Bernard			Hominin life history: reconstruction and evolution	JOURNAL OF ANATOMY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Symposium on Human Evolution	2007	St Annes Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND		St Annes Coll	dentition; encephalization; evolution; growth and development; hominin life history	SOUTH-AFRICAN AUSTRALOPITHECINES; GORILLA-GORILLA-GORILLA; CROSS-SECTIONAL GROWTH; RELATIVE BRAIN SIZE; HOMO-ERECTUS; DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; BODY-MASS; FOSSIL HOMINIDS; MODERN HUMANS; LAKE TURKANA	In this review we attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary history of hominin life history from extant and fossil evidence. We utilize demographic life history theory and distinguish life history variables, traits such as weaning, age at sexual maturity, and life span, from life history-related variables such as body mass, brain growth, and dental development. The latter are either linked with, or can be used to make inferences about, life history, thus providing an opportunity for estimating life history parameters in fossil taxa. We compare the life history variables of modern great apes and identify traits that are likely to be shared by the last common ancestor of Pan-Homo and those likely to be derived in hominins. All great apes exhibit slow life histories and we infer this to be true of the last common ancestor of Pan-Homo and the stem hominin. Modern human life histories are even slower, exhibiting distinctively long post-menopausal life spans and later ages at maturity, pointing to a reduction in adult mortality since the Pan-Homo split. We suggest that lower adult mortality, distinctively short interbirth intervals, and early weaning characteristic of modern humans are derived features resulting from cooperative breeding. We evaluate the fidelity of three life history-related variables, body mass, brain growth and dental development, with the life history parameters of living great apes. We found that body mass is the best predictor of great ape life history events. Brain growth trajectories and dental development and eruption are weakly related proxies and inferences from them should be made with caution. We evaluate the evidence of life history-related variables available for extinct species and find that prior to the transitional hominins there is no evidence of any hominin taxon possessing a body size, brain size or aspects of dental development much different from what we assume to be the primitive life history pattern for the Pan-Homo clade. Data for life history-related variables among the transitional hominin grade are consistent and none agrees with a modern human pattern. Aside from mean body mass, adult brain size, crown and root formation times, and the timing and sequence of dental eruption of Homo erectus are inconsistent with that of modern humans. Homo antecessor fossil material suggests a brain size similar to that of Homo erectus s. s., and crown formation times that are not yet modern, though there is some evidence of modern human-like timing of tooth formation and eruption. The body sizes, brain sizes, and dental development of Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis are consistent with a modern human life history but samples are too small to be certain that they have life histories within the modern human range. As more life history-related variable information for hominin species accumulates we are discovering that they can also have distinctive life histories that do not conform to any living model. At least one extinct hominin subclade, Paranthropus, has a pattern of dental life history-related variables that most likely set it apart from the life histories of both modern humans and chimpanzees.	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APR	2008	212	4					394	425		10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00867.x				32	Anatomy & Morphology	Anatomy & Morphology	283CY	WOS:000254615400005	18380863	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Horak, D; Klvana, P; Albrecht, T				Horak, David; Klvana, Petr; Albrecht, Tomas			Why there is no negative correlation between egg size and number in the Common Pochard?	ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						egg size number trade-off; energy allocation; breeding attempt; birds	CLUTCH SIZE; WITHIN-CLUTCH; TRADE-OFFS; INCUBATION; ALLOCATION; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; PARASITISM; PHENOTYPE; DUCKLINGS	Trade-off between offspring size and number belongs to the most discussed concepts in the life history theory. Although it has been frequently described at interspecific level as a negative correlation between egg size and number, it is usually difficult to provide similar evidence at a population level. In congruence with most of previous studies, we did not find any evidence for negative correlation between estimated egg mass and clutch size in the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina). However, the predicted negative relationship appeared after incubation when young with many siblings were on average lighter than conspecifics in nests with fewer young. Such a pattern might be generated by differences in hatching success and energy consumption by developing embryos among particular nests. our data indicate that females which had laid clutches containing many big eggs lost a much larger amount of energy invested and, moreover, produced hatchlings of relatively lower body mass if compared with females having few small eggs. We speculate about variation in energy allocation between two most energy demanding parts of breeding (clutch formation and incubation) and female incubation effort as leading mechanisms. Such a variation might reflect inter-individual differences in reproductive strategy or errors in energy allocation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	[Horak, David] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Ecol, Fac Sci, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic; [Horak, David; Klvana, Petr; Albrecht, Tomas] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Zool, Fac Sci, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic; [Klvana, Petr] Natl Museum, Bird Ringing Ctr, CZ-10200 Prague 10, Czech Republic; [Albrecht, Tomas] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Dept Avian Ecol, CZ-60365 Brno, Czech Republic	Horak, D (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Dept Ecol, Fac Sci, Vinicna 7, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic.	horakd@centrum.cz	Albrecht, Tomas/A-1130-2011; Horak, David/A-9364-2010	Horak, David/0000-0002-8073-1617; Albrecht, Tomas/0000-0002-9213-0034			Alisauskas Ray T., 1992, P30; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, AUK, V108, P209; BLUMS P, 1994, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V58, P76, DOI 10.2307/3809551; Burnham Kenneth P, 1998, MODEL SELECTION MULT; Christians JK, 2000, FUNCT ECOL, V14, P497, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00444.x; CRAWLEY MJ, 2003, STAT COMPUTING INTRO; Dugger BD, 2001, AUK, V118, P717, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0717:EOCBPO]2.0.CO;2; Flint PL, 1996, AUK, V113, P939, DOI 10.2307/4088875; Geffen E, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P1027, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1855; Gil D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5437.126; Gil D, 2003, ARDEOLA, V50, P281; Groothuis TG, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P281; Hanssen SA, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1039, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3057; Heaney V, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1719, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0251; Hepp GR, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P307, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01108.x; Hobson KA, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P737, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00890.x; Horak D, 2007, ACTA ORNITHOL, V42, P33; Horak D, 2007, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V78, P334, DOI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00116.x; Korschgen CE, 1996, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V60, P120, DOI 10.2307/3802046; LESSELLS CM, 1989, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V2, P457, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1989.2060457.x; Lourens A, 2005, POULTRY SCI, V84, P914, DOI 10.1093/ps/84.6.914; Monaghan P, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P270, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01094-X; Nager RG, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1339, DOI 10.2307/177212; ROHWER FC, 1988, AUK, V105, P161; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; WEBB DR, 1987, CONDOR, V89, P874, DOI 10.2307/1368537; WELLER MILTON W., 1956, JOUR WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, V20, P111, DOI 10.2307/3797414; WILLIAMS TD, 1994, BIOL REV, V68, P35, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1469-185X.1994.TB01485.X	30	6	6	0	10	GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER	PARIS	23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE	1146-609X			ACTA OECOL	Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol.	MAR-APR	2008	33	2					197	202		10.1016/j.actao.2007.10.007				6	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	285RU	WOS:000254794700007					2018-11-12	
J	Pike, DA; Pizzatto, L; Pike, BA; Shine, R				Pike, David A.; Pizzatto, Ligia; Pike, Brian A.; Shine, Richard			Estimating survival rates of uncatchable animals: The myth of high juvenile mortality in reptiles	ECOLOGY			English	Article						juvenile reptiles; lizards; reproductive mode; phylogenetic hypotheses; snakes; Squamata; survival rates; Testudines; turtles	TURTLE CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; POPULATION STRUCTURE; NATURAL-SELECTION; PAINTED TURTLES; SNAKES; AMPHISBAENIANS; MANAGEMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; SUCCESS	Survival rates of juvenile reptiles are critical population parameters but are difficult to obtain through mark - recapture programs because these small, secretive animals are rarely caught. This scarcity has encouraged speculation that survival rates of juveniles are very low, and we test this prediction by estimating juvenile survival rates indirectly. A simple mathematical model calculates the annual juvenile survival rate needed to maintain a stable population size, using published data on adult survival rates, reproductive output, and ages at maturity in 109 reptile populations encompassing 57 species. Counter to prediction, estimated juvenile survival rates were relatively high ( on average, only about 13% less than those of conspecific adults) and highly correlated with adult survival rates. Overall, survival rates during both juvenile and adult life were higher in turtles than in snakes, and higher in snakes than in lizards. As predicted from life history theory, rates of juvenile survival were higher in species that produce large offspring, and higher in viviparous squamates than in oviparous species. Our analyses challenge the widely held belief that juvenile reptiles have low rates of annual survival and suggest instead that sampling problems and the elusive biology of juvenile reptiles have misled researchers in this respect.	[Pike, David A.; Pizzatto, Ligia; Shine, Richard] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Pike, Brian A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA	Pike, DA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.	david.pike@bio.usyd.edu.au	Shine, Richard/B-8711-2008; Pike, David/B-2032-2012	Pike, David/0000-0002-6121-5449			BINIDAEMONDS O, 2004, COMPUTATIONAL BIOL S, V4; BLOMBERG S, 2004, PRACTICAL CENSUS TEC, P218; Bodie JR, 2000, COPEIA, P732, DOI 10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0732:SSMANS]2.0.CO;2; Brommer JE, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P229; BURGER J, 1977, AM MIDL NAT, V97, P444, DOI 10.2307/2425108; Burke VJ, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P3, DOI 10.2307/3546540; Carr A, 1952, HDB TURTLES TURTLES; Carr AF, 1967, SO EXCELLENT FISHE N; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Congdon J.D., 1990, P45; CONGDON JD, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P826, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.740826.x; CONGDON JD, 1992, CAN FIELD NAT, V106, P241; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; FREDERIKSEN M, 2004, ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY, V21, P541; GAILLARD JM, 1989, OIKOS, V56, P59, DOI 10.2307/3566088; GARLAND T, 1992, SYST BIOL, V41, P18, DOI 10.2307/2992503; GIBBONS JW, 1968, COPEIA, P260; Harvey P. H., 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO; Heppell SS, 1996, ECOL APPL, V6, P556, DOI 10.2307/2269391; Lee MSY, 2005, ORG DIVERS EVOL, V5, P25, DOI 10.1016/j.ode.2004.05.003; Maddison W. P., 2006, MESQUITE MODULAR SYS; Midford PE, 2005, PDAP PACKAGE MESQUIT; Morafka D. J, 1994, BIOL N AM TORTOISES, P161; Morafka David J., 2000, Herpetological Monographs, P353; PARKER WS, 1980, MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUS, V1, P1; Pike David A., 2005, Applied Herpetology, V2, P139, DOI 10.1163/1570754043492054; Pike David A., 2006, Florida Scientist, V69, P92; Prior KA, 2001, HERPETOLOGICA, V57, P460; REAM C, 1966, AM MIDL NAT, V75, P325, DOI 10.2307/2423395; Reed DH, 2003, BIOL CONSERV, V113, P23, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00346-4; Schmidt BR, 2002, AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, V23, P375, DOI 10.1163/15685380260449234; SEXTON OJ, 1959, ECOL MONOGR, V29, P113, DOI 10.2307/1942200; Shine R, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1078, DOI 10.2307/2265859; TAYLOR JA, 1986, AUST J ECOL, V11, P49, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1986.tb00916.x; TINKLE DW, 1981, ECOLOGY, V62, P1426, DOI 10.2307/1941498; Townsend TM, 2004, SYST BIOL, V53, P735, DOI 10.1080/10635150490522340; Vidal N, 2005, CR BIOL, V328, P1000, DOI 10.1016/j.crvi.2005.10.001; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; WILBUR HM, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P64, DOI 10.2307/1935300	39	83	86	2	61	ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER	WASHINGTON	1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA	0012-9658	1939-9170		ECOLOGY	Ecology	MAR	2008	89	3					607	611		10.1890/06-2162.1				5	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	284AS	WOS:000254678200002	18459324				2018-11-12	
J	Kraaijeveld, AR; Barker, CL; Godfray, HCJ				Kraaijeveld, A. R.; Barker, C. L.; Godfray, H. C. J.			Stage-specific sex differences in Drosophila immunity to parasites and pathogens	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Drosophila; Immunity; sex differences; parasitoid; pathogen; parasite	TABIDA NEES BRACONIDAE; ASOBARA-TABIDA; TRADE-OFFS; PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; HOST SELECTION; NOSEMA-KINGI; MELANOGASTER; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE	Arguments from life-history theory predict that other things being equal females are likely to invest more in defence against parasites and pathogens than males. This is either because males and females differ in behaviour or, more importantly, because the variance in mating success is typically higher in males than in females. Such effects are likely to be most pronounced in those developmental stages where sex differences are greatest. In most organisms, but especially in holometabolous insects, this will be the adult stage. We explored sex-specific resistance to four natural enemies of Drosophila melanogaster that attack the insect at different developmental stages: the larval parasitoid Asobara tabida, the pupal parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae; and the adult pathogens Beauvaria bassiana (a fungus) and Tubulinosema kingi (a microsporidian). Measures of resistance were designed to reflect the four species' natural history. Female larvae were able to defend themselves more strongly against A. tabida than males and there was weak evidence that adult females suffered less from microsporidian attack than males. No differences were found for the other two species. Our results provide some support for lower investment in defences in males, and we discuss why the strongest effect was found at the larval rather than the adult stage contrary to our prediction.	[Kraaijeveld, A. R.] Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England; [Kraaijeveld, A. R.; Barker, C. L.; Godfray, H. C. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, NERC Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England	Kraaijeveld, AR (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Bassett Crescent E, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England.	arkraa@soton.ac.uk			Natural Environment Research Council [cpb010001]		ARMSTRONG E, 1989, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V53, P102, DOI 10.1016/0022-2011(89)90079-7; ARMSTRONG E, 1989, J EXP ZOOL, V250, P82, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402500111; BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; Becnel J.J., 1999, MICROSPORIDIA MICROS; Braune P, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1133, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1641; DAVID L, 1994, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V63, P212, DOI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1039; Eslin P, 2000, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V46, P1161, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00227-9; Fellowes MDE, 1998, ECOL ENTOMOL, V23, P281, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1998.00137.x; FENG MG, 1994, BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN, V4, P3, DOI 10.1080/09583159409355309; FOLSTAD I, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P603, DOI 10.1086/285346; Franzen C, 2006, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V91, P158, DOI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.11.007; Futerman PH, 2006, PARASITOLOGY, V132, P479, DOI 10.1017/S0031182005009339; Fytrou A, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P791, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3383; Gray DA, 1998, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V71, P288, DOI 10.1006/jipa.1997.4742; HAZARIKA LK, 1987, ZOOL SCI, V4, P307; Hoch G, 2004, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V113, P77, DOI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00203.x; Hosken DJ, 2001, CURR BIOL, V11, pR379, DOI 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00211-1; IWASA Y, 1994, EVOL ECOL, V8, P503, DOI 10.1007/BF01238255; Joop G, 2006, BMC EVOL BIOL, V6, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-6-19; Joop G, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P1051; KRAAIJEVELD AR, 1995, EVOL ECOL, V9, P10, DOI 10.1007/BF01237692; Kraaijeveld AR, 1997, NATURE, V389, P278; Kraaijeveld AR, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P1251; Kraaijeveld AR, 2002, PARASITOLOGY, V125, pS71, DOI 10.1017/S0031182002001750; KRAAIJEVELD AR, 1994, ECOL ENTOMOL, V19, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1994.tb00413.x; Kurtz J, 2001, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V78, P53, DOI 10.1006/jipa.2001.5040; Kurtz J, 2000, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V24, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0145-305X(99)00057-9; Lanot R, 2001, DEV BIOL, V230, P243, DOI 10.1006/dbio.2000.0123; Lavine MD, 2002, INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC, V32, P1295, DOI 10.1016/S0965-1748(02)00092-9; Lemaitre B, 1997, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V94, P14614, DOI 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14614; LENSKI RE, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P425, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04149.x; Meister M, 2003, CELL MICROBIOL, V5, P573, DOI 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00302.x; Mohamed-Ali Q, 1999, J INFECT DIS, V180, P1298, DOI 10.1086/314999; Moore SL, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P2015, DOI 10.1126/science.1074196; NAPPI AJ, 1981, PARASITOLOGY, V83, P319, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000085322; Nigam Y, 1997, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V69, P279, DOI 10.1006/jipa.1996.4652; NUNNEY L, 1983, AM NAT, V121, P67, DOI 10.1086/284040; Nunney L, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1193, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02360.x; Offner PJ, 1999, ARCH SURG-CHICAGO, V134, P935, DOI 10.1001/archsurg.134.9.935; Poulin R, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P287, DOI 10.1086/285851; Radhika M, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V377, P161, DOI 10.1023/A:1003244318887; RHEINS LA, 1985, DEV COMP IMMUNOL, V9, P41, DOI 10.1016/0145-305X(85)90058-8; Rigby MC, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P171, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.0983; Rolff J, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P867, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1959; Roxstrom-Lindquist K, 2004, EMBO REP, V5, P207, DOI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400073; SCHMIDHEMPEL P, 1990, INSECT SOC, V37, P14, DOI 10.1007/BF02223812; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Sheridan LAD, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P327, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880211.x; Stearns S. 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J	Lee, KA; Wikelski, M; Robinson, WD; Robinson, TR; Klasing, KC				Lee, K. A.; Wikelski, M.; Robinson, W. D.; Robinson, T. R.; Klasing, K. C.			Constitutive immune defences correlate with life-history variables in tropical birds	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						immunology; incubation; life history; natural antibodies; tropical birds	BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; DNA SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NATURAL ANTIBODIES; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; MITOCHONDRIAL GENES; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; EMBERIZID SPARROWS; PLASMA-LEVELS	1. It has been suggested that immune defences are shaped by life history and ecology, but few general patterns have been described across species. We hypothesized that 'fast' life-history traits (e.g. short development times, large clutch sizes) would be associated with developmentally inexpensive immune defences, minimizing the resource demands of young animals' immune systems during periods of rapid growth. Conversely, 'slow' life histories should be associated with well developed antibody-mediated defences, which are developmentally costly. 2. We therefore predicted that 'fast-living' species would exhibit higher levels of complement proteins, a component of non-specific innate defence, but lower levels of constitutive ('natural') antibodies. Additionally, we predicted that constitutive immune defences in general would be higher in species with ecological characteristics that might increase exposure to pathogens, such as open nests, omnivorous diets, gregariousness, and closed forested habitat. 3. Across 70 Neotropical bird species, we found a strongly positive relationship between incubation period and natural antibody levels in adult birds, suggesting that longer developmental times might allow the production of a more diverse and/or more reactive adaptive immune system. Complement activity was positively, although weakly, correlated with clutch size, providing some support for the hypothesis that faster-living species rely more on innate defences, such as complement. Unexpectedly, solitary species had higher natural antibody titres than species that frequently join flocks. 4. Our results suggest that, despite probably widespread differences in the intensity and diversity of pathogen exposure, species-level variation in constitutive immune defences is understandable within the context of life-history theory.	[Lee, K. A.; Klasing, K. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Wikelski, M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Robinson, W. D.; Robinson, T. 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J	Argasinski, K; Kozlowski, J				Argasinski, Krzysztof; Kozlowski, Jan			How can we model selectively neutral density dependence in evolutionary games	THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY			English	Article						evolutionary game theory; density dependence; replicator dynamics; mortality rate; life history theory	DYNAMICS	The problem of density dependence appears in all approaches to the modelling of population dynamics. It is pertinent to classic models (i.e., Lotka-Volterra's), and also population genetics and game theoretical models related to the replicator dynamics. There is no density dependence in the classic formulation of replicator dynamics, which means that population size may grow to infinity. Therefore the question arises: How is unlimited population growth suppressed in frequency-dependent models? Two categories of solutions can be found in the literature. In the first, replicator dynamics is independent of background fitness. In the second type of solution, a multiplicative suppression coefficient is used, as in a logistic equation. Both approaches have disadvantages. The first one is incompatible with the methods of life history theory and basic probabilistic intuitions. The logistic type of suppression of per capita growth rate stops trajectories of selection when population size reaches the maximal value (carrying capacity); hence this method does not satisfy selective neutrality. To overcome these difficulties, we must explicitly consider turn-over of individuals dependent on mortality rate. This new approach leads to two interesting predictions. First, the equilibrium value of population size is lower than carrying capacity and depends on the mortality rate. Second, although the phase portrait of selection trajectories is the same as in density-independent replicator dynamics, pace of selection slows down when population size approaches equilibrium, and then remains constant and dependent on the rate of turn-over of individuals. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Argasinski, Krzysztof; Kozlowski, Jan] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland	Argasinski, K (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Gronostajowa 7, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland.	argas1@wp.pl; kozlo@eko.uj.edu.pl	Argasinski, Krzysztof/C-4086-2013; Kozlowski, Jan/K-5549-2012	Kozlowski, Jan/0000-0002-7084-2030			Argasinski K, 2006, MATH BIOSCI, V202, P88, DOI 10.1016/j.mbs.2006.04.007; Cressman R., 1992, STABILITY CONCEPT EV; Eshel I, 2003, J MATH BIOL, V46, P445, DOI 10.1007/s00285-002-0194-2; Hofbauer J., 1988, THEORY EVOLUTION DYN; Hofbauer J., 1998, EVOLUTIONARY GAMES P; KOZLOWSKI J, 1980, Evolutionary Theory, V5, P89; Roff Derek A., 1992; Smith J. Maynard, 1982, EVOLUTION THEORY GAM; Steams S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TAYLOR PD, 1978, MATH BIOSCI, V40, P145, DOI 10.1016/0025-5564(78)90077-9; Weibull J., 1995, EVOLUTIONARY GAME TH	11	8	8	0	8	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	0040-5809	1096-0325		THEOR POPUL BIOL	Theor. Popul. Biol.	MAR	2008	73	2					250	256		10.1016/j.tpb.2007.11.006				7	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology	281JL	WOS:000254492600007	18179810				2018-11-12	
J	Stutchbury, BJM; Morton, ES				Stutchbury, Bridget J. M.; Morton, Eugene S.			Recent advances in the behavioral ecology of tropical birds - The 2005 Margaret Morse Nice Lecture	WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Article							STONECHATS SAXICOLA-TORQUATA; ANTBIRD MYRMECIZA-LONGIPES; WRENS THRYOTHORUS-LEUCOTIS; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; EXTRA-PAIR FERTILIZATIONS; RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROWS; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; BLACK-BELLIED WREN; MATING SYSTEM; TERRITORIAL AGGRESSION	Tropical birds offer unique opportunities to test ecological and evolutionary theory because their life history traits are so diverse and different from temperate zone models upon which most empirical Studies are based. We review recent studies oil the behavioral ecology of tropical birds, studies that explore new advances, in this field. Life histories and their evolution remain the focus of research on tropical birds. Clutch size manipulations in two species showed that food limitation does not explain small clutch size. In antbirds, enlarged clutches decreased post-fledging survival whereas in thrushes, enlarged broods were costly due to high nest predation. Small clutches may be favored via different ultimate selective forces and shared underlying tradeoffs between the immune, metabolic, and endocrine systems in the body May account for the commonly observed slow pace of life in tropical birds. The physiological tradeoff between testosterone and immunocompetence may explain the evolution of low testosterone levels in tropical passerines where adult survival is paramount. In contrast to life history theory. few studies have explored temperate-tropical differences in territoriality. mating systems. and song function. The idea that low breeding synchrony in tropical birds is associated with low levels of extra-pair fertilizations was supported by several new paternity Studies conducted on tropical passerines. Seasonally breeding tropical birds have higher testosterone levels than tropical birds with prolonged breeding seasons, although it is unclear if this pattern is driven by Mating systems per se or selection from pathogens. Recent work on relations between pair members in permanently paired tropical passerines focuses on the question of mate defense versus territorial defense and the extent of cooperation versus selfish interests in inter-sexual relations.	[Stutchbury, Bridget J. M.; Morton, Eugene S.] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Morton, Eugene S.] Hemlock Hill Field Stn, Cambridge Springs, PA 16403 USA	Stutchbury, BJM (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.	bstutch@yorku.ca			Wilson Ornithological Society	We thank the Wilson Ornithological Society for awarding us the 2005 Margaret Morse Nice Medal. It is a great honor. We dedicate this review to the naturalists that Margaret Morse Nice, Alexander Skutch, and Eugene Eisenmann, among many others, mentored and hope the tradition of "knowing, your organism" will increase as a way to enhance our scientific understanding of birds.	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J	Mangel, M; Bonsall, MB				Mangel, Marc; Bonsall, Michael B.			Phenotypic Evolutionary Models in Stem Cell Biology: Replacement, Quiescence, and Variability	PLOS ONE			English	Article							ACCELERATED STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; JUMP MARKOV PROCESSES; SELECTION; SYSTEMS; MATHEMATICS; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; HISTORY; FITNESS	Phenotypic evolutionary models have been used with great success in many areas of biology, but thus far have not been applied to the study of stem cells except for investigations of cancer. We develop a framework that allows such modeling techniques to be applied to stem cells more generally. The fundamental modeling structure is the stochastic kinetics of stem cells in their niche and of transit amplifying and fully differentiated cells elsewhere in the organism, with positive and negative feedback. This formulation allows graded signals to be turned into all or nothing responses, and shows the importance of looking beyond the niche for understanding how stem cells behave. Using the deterministic version of this framework, we show how competition between different stem cell lines can be analyzed, and under what circumstances stem cells in a niche will be replaced by other stem cells with different phenotypic characteristics. Using the stochastic version of our framework and state dependent life history theory, we show that the optimal behavior of a focal stem cell will involve long periods of quiescence and that a population of identical stem cells will show great variability in the times at which activity occurs; we compare our results with classic ones on quiescence and variability in the hematopoietic system.	[Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Bonsall, Michael B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Math Ecol Res Grp, Oxford, England	Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	msmangel@ucsc.edu		Bonsall, Michael/0000-0003-0250-0423	NSF; Royal Society; Astor Travel Fund; University of Oxford	This work was supported by the NSF, Royal Society, and the Astor Travel Fund, University of Oxford.	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J	Miller, TEX; Tenhumberg, B; Louda, SM				Miller, Tom E. X.; Tenhumberg, Brigitte; Louda, Svata M.			Herbivore-mediated ecological costs of reproduction shape the life history of an iteroparous plant	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						cost of reproduction; dynamic programming; herbivory; life-history evolution; Opuntia; resource allocation	CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; IMPACTS; FITNESS; POLLINATION; DEFENSE	Plant reproduction yields immediate fitness benefits but can be costly in terms of survival, growth, and future fecundity. Life-history theory posits that reproductive strategies are shaped by trade-offs between current and future fitness that result from these direct costs of reproduction. Plant reproduction may also incur indirect ecological costs if it increases susceptibility to herbivores. Yet ecological costs of reproduction have received little empirical attention and remain poorly integrated into life-history theory. Here, we provide evidence for herbivore-mediated ecological costs of reproduction, and we develop theory to examine how these costs influence plant life-history strategies. Field experiments with an iteroparous cactus (Opuntia imbricata) indicated that greater reproductive effort (proportion of meristems allocated to reproduction) led to greater attack by a cactus-feeding insect (Narnia pallidicornis) and that damage by this herbivore reduced reproductive success. A dynamic programming model predicted strongly divergent optimal reproductive strategies when ecological costs were included, compared with when these costs were ignored. Meristem allocation by cacti in the field matched the optimal strategy expected under ecological costs of reproduction. The results indicate that plant reproductive allocation can strongly influence the intensity of interactions with herbivores and that associated ecological costs can play an important selective role in the evolution of plant life histories.	[Miller, Tom E. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Rose KE, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P453, DOI 10.1890/03-0697; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Strauss SY, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04525.x; Strauss SY, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P278, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02483-7; Tenhumberg B, 2006, OIKOS, V113, P121, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14274.x; Tenhumberg B, 2001, AM NAT, V158, P505, DOI 10.1086/323131; TUTTLE MD, 1981, SCIENCE, V214, P677, DOI 10.1126/science.214.4521.677; Vuorisalo T. O., 1999, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION	43	21	21	0	28	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147	1537-5323		AM NAT	Am. Nat.	FEB	2008	171	2					141	149		10.1086/524961				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	251UF	WOS:000252400000003	18197767	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Walker, RS; Hamilton, MJ				Walker, Robert S.; Hamilton, Marcus J.			Reports - Life-history consequences of density dependence and the evolution of human body size	CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article							PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; REACTION NORMS; GROWTH-RATES; PLASTICITY; INDONESIA; MATURITY; ISLANDS; MAMMALS; FLORES	Previous attempts to explain variation in human growth and development emphasize the energetic constraints imposed by malnutrition and disease. However, this approach does not address the evolutionary effects of mortality risk on ontogenetic variation, a common theme in life-history studies. The conventional approach can be reconciled with life-history theory by considering the effect of mortality on the rates and timing of maturity in subsistence-based human populations. Humans slow down growth and development and demonstrate smaller adult body sizes in high-population-density contexts, presumably because of increased nutritional constraints and disease loads. In addition, there is evidence of mortality-based selection for relatively faster/earlier ontogeny in small-bodied hunter-gatherers living at high densities. This finding may be interpreted as an evolved reaction norm for earlier reproductive maturity and consequent smaller adult body size in high-mortality regimes. In sum, comparative results support density-dependent effects on body size that act through two pathways - nutritional constraints and juvenile mortality - at varying intensities, contributing to a nearly twofold range in body size across human societies.	[Walker, Robert S.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany	Walker, RS (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Deutscher Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.	robert_walker@eva.mpg.de					Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; BERGMANN C, 1847, GOTTINGER STUDIEN, V1, P595; BERRIGAN D, 1994, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V7, P549, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7050549.x; Binford L. R., 2001, CONSTRUCTING FRAMES; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Brown J. H., 1995, MACROECOLOGY; Brown J.H., 1998, BIOGEOGRAPHY; Brown P, 2004, NATURE, V431, P1055, DOI 10.1038/nature02999; BROWN P, 1987, Archaeology in Oceania, V22, P41; BRUSH G, 1983, ANN HUM BIOL, V10, P223, DOI 10.1080/03014468300006391; Cavalli-Sforza LL., 1986, AFRICAN PYGMIES; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Crespi EJ, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P44, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20098; Eveleth P. B., 1990, WORLDWIDE VARIATION; Finlayson C., 2004, NEANDERTHALS MODERN; FOSTER JB, 1964, NATURE, V202, P234, DOI 10.1038/202234a0; Gurven M, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P835, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3380; HILL K, 1996, ARCHE LIFE HIST ECOL; Hill K, 2007, J HUM EVOL, V52, P443, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.003; Holmes R., 1995, Indigenous peoples and the future of Amazonia: an ecological anthropology of an endangered world., P121; Katzmarzyk PT, 1998, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V106, P483, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199808)106:4<483::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-K; LEE RB, 1979, KUNG SAN; LEVITAN DR, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V76, P627, DOI 10.1007/BF00397880; Malthus T., 1798, ESSAY PRINCIPLE POPU; Manly BFJ, 1991, RANDOMIZATION BOOTST; Migliano Andrea Bamberg, 2005, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE; Morwood MJ, 2005, NATURE, V437, P1012, DOI 10.1038/nature04022; MURDOCH WW, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P271, DOI 10.2307/1939533; Palkovacs EP, 2003, OIKOS, V103, P37, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12502.x; Pennington R, 2001, BIOSOCIAL S, V13, P170; Pettay JE, 2007, PLOS ONE, V2, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000606; Roberts DF, 1953, AM J PHYS ANTHROP-NE, V11, P533, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330110404; ROBERTS DF, 1978, CLIMATE HUMAN VARIAB; Ruff C, 2002, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V31, P211, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085407; RUFF CB, 1997, HOMO NATURE, V387, P173; SEAR R, 2003, ED FERTILITY HERITAB, P135; SIBLY R, 1985, J THEOR BIOL, V112, P553, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(85)80022-9; Sibly RM, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P607, DOI 10.1126/science.1110760; STEARNS SC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00560.x; Stearns SC., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HISTO; STINI WA, 1969, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V31, P417, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330310316; Thomas F, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P542, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00705.x; TOBIAS P, 1964, ECOLOGICAL STUDIES S, P69; Ulijaszek S., 1998, CAMBRIDGE ENCY HUMAN; Waguespack NM, 2002, HUM ECOL, V30, P227, DOI 10.1023/A:1015644814159; Walker R, 2006, AM J HUM BIOL, V18, P295, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20510; WILBUR HM, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P196, DOI 10.2307/1935122; WOOD JW, 1982, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V58, P403, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330580408; WOOD JW, 1994, DYNAMICS HUMAN REPRO	49	30	30	0	11	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0011-3204			CURR ANTHROPOL	Curr. Anthropol.	FEB	2008	49	1					115	122		10.1086/524763				8	Anthropology	Anthropology	262RV	WOS:000253166600006					2018-11-12	
J	Sandvik, H; Erikstad, KE				Sandvik, Hanno; Erikstad, Kjell Einar			Seabird life histories and climatic fluctuations: a phylogenetic-comparative time series analysis of North Atlantic seabirds	ECOGRAPHY			English	Review							POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BARENTS SEA; FRATERCULA-ARCTICA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ANTARCTIC SEABIRD; ADULT SURVIVAL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; REGIME SHIFTS; HEADED GULLS; EL-NINO	In the light of the predicted changes in climate as a consequence of global warming, it is a major concern how animal species will respond to altered meteorological and oceanographic conditions. Seabirds constitute a diverse group of marine top predators which have relatively low fecundity and high annual survival rates. In order to predict effects of climate change, it is a necessary precondition to first understand responses to naturally occurring climatic fluctuations. While the ecological effects of different large-scale climatic phenomena have received much attention in the recent past, the factors determining the responses of seabirds are still little understood. We analyze more than a hundred previously published time series of seabird offspring production and adult survival rates in the North Atlantic in order to detect climatic signals in this data base. As our analyses are phylogenetic-comparative, we are able to search for patterns across species. Using the correlation of these parameters with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as a measure of responsiveness to climatic variability, we find that effects of climate on either parameters considered are not more common than expected by chance. The magnitudes of the responsivenesses were entirely randomly distributed throughout the seabird phylogeny, but were not strongly related to the explanatory variables considered. However, some tendencies indicate that both life-history traits and feeding ecology may influence how seabirds respond to climatic variability. An explanation of those patterns based on life-history theory is given.	[Sandvik, Hanno] Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Sandvik, Hanno; Erikstad, Kjell Einar] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Polar Environm Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway	Sandvik, H (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway.	hanno@evol.no	Sandvik, Hanno/B-5118-2008	Sandvik, Hanno/0000-0002-5889-1606			AEBISCHER NJ, 1990, NATURE, V347, P753, DOI 10.1038/347753a0; Ainley D., 2001, ENCY OCEAN SCI, P2669; Ainley DG, 1995, CAL COOP OCEAN FISH, V36, P72; AINLEY DG, 1995, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V118, P69, DOI 10.3354/meps118069; Alheit J, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P1205, DOI 10.1016/j.icejms.2005.04.024; Anderson DR, 2001, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V65, P373, DOI 10.2307/3803088; ASHMOLE N. 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J	Gervasi, SS; Foufopoulos, J				Gervasi, Stephanie S.; Foufopoulos, Johannes			Costs of plasticity: responses to desiccation decrease post-metamorphic immune function in a pond-breeding amphibian	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						ephemeral environment; phenotypic plasticity; immune system; Rana sylvatica	ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RANA-TEMPORARIA TADPOLES; LARVAL GROWTH HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII; TIME CONSTRAINTS; BODY-SIZE; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY	Phenotypic plasticity may allow an organism to respond to temporally variable opportunities for growth and risks of mortality. However, life-history theory assumes that there are often trade-offs between the benefits afforded by plasticity in one trait and the consequences of that plasticity on other traits that affect fitness. In organisms with a complex life cycle, trade-offs may occur between larval and post-metamorphic traits. Many amphibians metamorphose in temporary ponds, and may accelerate larval development to avoid mortality when a pond desiccates. A younger age at metamorphosis often results in reduced body size, but may also facilitate a trade-off with physiological traits that are linked to fitness in the adult stage. We investigated a potential trade-off between desiccation-driven acceleration of development rate and immune system responsiveness in a species that breeds exclusively in temporary ponds. We exposed Rana sylvatica (wood frog) tadpoles to four possible desiccation regimes and then assayed the cell-mediated immune response to a standardized foreign antigen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), injected 3 weeks after metamorphosis. We also quantified total leucocyte numbers from haematological smears to obtain a secondary measure of individual immunological condition. Animals exposed to desiccation had shorter development times, weaker cellular immune system responses to PHA and lower total leucocyte numbers than animals from control groups. Both measures of immune response showed a decrease with increasing severity of the desiccation treatment. It is currently unclear whether the observed depression in immune response is transient or permanent. However, even temporary periods of immune system suppression shortly after metamorphosis may lead to greater susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens or parasites.	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Ecol.	FEB	2008	22	1					100	108		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01340.x				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	252JU	WOS:000252443600013		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lendvai, AZ; Chastel, O				Lendvai, Adam Zoltan; Chastel, Olivier			Experimental mate-removal increases the stress response of female house sparrows: The effects of offspring value?	HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR			English	Article						stress response modulation; corticosterone; life-history; parental care; mate-removal; brood value	BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; LONG-LIVED BIRD; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; BODY CONDITION; CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BASE-LINE; MODULATION; INVESTMENT	Vertebrates secrete elevated levels of glucocorticoids in response to various stressors, which mobilize energetic reserves but concurrently interfere with reproduction. In accordance with life-history theory, recent evidence suggests that the corticosterone response to stress is modulated according to the value of the brood. Since brood value is positively related to parental care, the stress response modulation may be either the consequence of offspring value (e.g. large broods have high fitness potential - the brood value hypothesis) or the consequence of parental workload (e.g. large broods are energetically demanding for the parents - the workload hypothesis). In this experiment, we aimed at experimentally separating the effects of brood value and workload and to confront the latter two hypotheses. To do so, we captured the male parents from breeding pairs of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and took them in captivity for 48 It. During the absence of males, mate-removed females made more food deliveries than controls (increased workload) but were unable to fully compensate the lack of their mate, thus their chicks were in worse condition (reduced brood value) than control chicks. After the experimental period, mate-removed females responded more strongly to the standardized stressor than controls. In both groups, the corticosterone response to stress was negatively related to the nestlings' mass gain. These results provide experimental support for the brood value hypothesis, i.e. that individuals may actively modulate their stress response (either down- or upwards) with respect to the value of their current reproduction. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	[Lendvai, Adam Zoltan; Chastel, Olivier] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France	Lendvai, AZ (reprint author), Coll Nyiregyhaza, Inst Biol, Sostoi 31-B, H-4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary.	lendvai@nyf.hu	Lendvai, Adam/B-8546-2008	Lendvai, Adam/0000-0002-8953-920X			Angelier F, 2007, J ANIM ECOL, V76, P1181, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01295.x; Angelier F, 2007, CONDOR, V109, P668, DOI 10.1650/8227.1; Breuner CW, 2006, HORM METAB RES, V38, P260, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-925347; Breuner CW, 2001, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V13, P412, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00646.x; Chastel O, 2005, HORM BEHAV, V47, P459, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.10.009; Chastel O, 2003, J AVIAN BIOL, V34, P298, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.02528.x; Chastel O, 2002, IBIS, V144, P284, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00062.x; Cherel Y., 1988, American Journal of Physiology, V254, P178; Colegrave N, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P446, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.446; Cyr NE, 2007, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V151, P82, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.12.003; Dawkins R, 1980, SOCIOBIOLOGY NATURE, P331; DRENT RH, 1980, ARDEA, V68, P225; Gosler AG, 1998, BIRD STUDY, V45, P92, DOI 10.1080/00063659809461082; HEGNER RE, 1987, AUK, V104, P462, DOI 10.2307/4087545; Holberton RL, 1996, AUK, V113, P558, DOI 10.2307/4088976; Jessop TS, 2001, J ZOOL, V254, P57, DOI 10.1017/S0952836901000553; Ketterson Ellen D., 1999, American Naturalist, V154, P4; Kitaysky AS, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P577, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00352.x; Landys MM, 2006, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V148, P132, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.013; Lendvai AZ, 2007, P R SOC B, V274, P391, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3735; Lepczyk CA, 2000, AUK, V117, P164, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0164:EOEFRO]2.0.CO;2; Lindstrom KM, 2005, HORM BEHAV, V48, P311, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.04.002; Lormee H, 2003, IBIS, V145, P212, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00106.x; Love OP, 2004, HORM BEHAV, V46, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.02.001; Marra PP, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V116, P284, DOI 10.1007/s004420050590; MAYNARDSMITH J, 1977, ANIM BEHAV, V25, P1, DOI DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(77)90062-8); Mazuc J, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P340, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.340; McNamara JM, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P1008, DOI 10.1093/beheco/ari087; MENDEL CM, 1989, ENDOCR REV, V10, P232, DOI 10.1210/edrv-10-3-232; MORENO J, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V37, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01907.x; *R DEV COR TEAM, 2006, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Remage-Healey L, 2003, HORM BEHAV, V43, P108, DOI 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00012-0; Rich EL, 2001, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V171, P543; Romero LM, 2006, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V149, P58, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.05.004; Romero LM, 2002, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V128, P1; Saino N, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P16, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.1.16; Schwagmeyer PL, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P713, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.5.713; Schwagmeyer PL, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V54, P470, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1997.0483; Silverin B, 1998, J AVIAN BIOL, V29, P228, DOI 10.2307/3677104; SILVERIN B, 1986, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V64, P67, DOI 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90029-8; Silverin B, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P376, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00097.x; Sinervo B, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P432, DOI 10.2307/3546671; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SUMMERSSMITH D, 1963, HOUSE SPARROW; Szekely T, 2000, VERTEBRATE MATING SY, P194; VEIGA JP, 1990, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V27, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF00164005; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; Wingfield JC, 2003, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V15, P711, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01033.x; WINGFIELD JC, 1994, PERSPECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, P520; WINGFIELD JC, 1995, AM ZOOL, V35, P285	50	37	37	0	9	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	0018-506X			HORM BEHAV	Horm. Behav.	FEB	2008	53	2					395	401		10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.011				7	Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism	Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism	270CH	WOS:000253697000013	18191129				2018-11-12	
J	Wagner, EC; Prevolsek, JS; Wynne-Edwards, KE; Williams, TD				Wagner, Emily C.; Prevolsek, Jaime S.; Wynne-Edwards, Katherine E.; Williams, Tony D.			Hematological changes associated with egg production: estrogen dependence and repeatability	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						hematocrit; cost of reproduction; egg production; erythropoiesis; estrogen; zebra finch	FINCHES TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; FEMALE ZEBRA FINCHES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1; STARLING STURNUS-VULGARIS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; CLUTCH SIZE; HEMATOCRIT VALUES; JAPANESE-QUAIL; EXOGENOUS 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; BLOOD VOLUME	The. cost of reproduction' (i.e. the trade-off between current reproduction and future fecundity and/or survival) is a central concept in life history theory, yet we still know very little about the physiological mechanisms underlying such costs. Recently it has been recognized that reproduction itself or the regulatory ( hormonal) mechanisms underlying reproduction might result in. costs' (cf. resource-allocation based mechanisms). As one example, it has been suggested that the decrease in hematocrit observed during egg production in birds might be due to antagonistic pleiotropic effects of estrogens. This could generate costs of reproduction by reducing oxygen-carrying capacity during subsequent aerobically demanding stages such as chick-provisioning. Here we show that the reduction in hematocrit during egg-laying is dependent on receptor-mediated actions of endogenous estrogens: blocking estrogen receptors using the anti-estrogen tamoxifen reduces the decrease in hematocrit during egg production in female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) such that hematocrit at the 1-egg stage is not significantly different than pre-breeding, baseline values. We also show that both pre-breeding hematocrit and the decrease in hematocrit associated with egg production are repeatable, and that females with the highest pre- breeding hematocrit values tend to show the largest decreases in hematocrit during egg production. We suggest that hematological changes during egg production are a good candidate mechanism for a regulatory-network based trade-off involving antagonistic pleiotropic effects of estrogens, which otherwise have essential reproductive functions.	[Wagner, Emily C.] Womens Hlth Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; [Prevolsek, Jaime S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Criminol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Wynne-Edwards, Katherine E.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada	Wagner, EC (reprint author), Womens Hlth Res Inst, E204-4500 Oak St,Box 42, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.	ewagner3@cw.bc.ca	Wynne-Edwards, Katherine/D-9036-2012				ARCHER RK, 1965, HEMATOLOGICAL TECHNI; BLOBEL GA, 1995, MOL CELL BIOL, V15, P3147; Blobel GA, 1996, MOL CELL BIOL, V16, P1687; CAMPBELL TW, 1995, AVIAN HEMATOLOGY CYT; Challenger WO, 2001, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V74, P356, DOI 10.1086/320427; Christians JK, 1999, J EXP BIOL, V202, P2679; CLERMONT CP, 1979, AM J PHYSIOL, V236, pE342; Daan S, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P539, DOI 10.2307/5734; Davey C, 2000, AUST J ZOOL, V48, P347, DOI 10.1071/ZO00047; DESHMUKH BD, 1982, AVIAN RES, V66, P9; DOMM LV, 1946, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V19, P258, DOI 10.1086/physzool.19.3.30151913; Drabkin DL, 1932, J BIOL CHEM, V98, P719; FINCH CE, 1995, Q REV BIOL, V70, P1, DOI 10.1086/418864; GARCIA F, 1984, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V78, P571, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(84)90598-X; Gaudard A, 2003, CLIN HEMORHEOL MICRO, V28, P161; Gayathri KL, 2006, ANIM REPROD SCI, V91, P133, DOI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.03.006; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Harshman LG, 2007, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V22, P80, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.008; Hebert PC, 1997, CAN MED ASSOC J, V156, pS27; Horak P, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P2235, DOI 10.1139/cjz-76-12-2235; HOUSTON DC, 1995, IBIS, V137, P322, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08028.x; HUNSAKER WG, 1968, POULTRY SCI, V47, P371, DOI 10.3382/ps.0470371; JOHNSON AL, 1981, POULTRY SCI, V60, P2720, DOI 10.3382/ps.0602720; JONES PJ, 1983, J ZOOL, V201, P217; KERN MD, 1972, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V18, P43, DOI 10.1016/0016-6480(72)90078-0; KETTERSON ED, 1992, AM NAT             S, V140, P33; Ketterson Ellen D., 1999, American Naturalist, V154, P4; KEYS GC, 1986, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V83, P765, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(86)90725-5; Kullberg C, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P575, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.4.575; LESSELLS CM, 1987, AUK, V104, P116, DOI 10.2307/4087240; Martin LB, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P153, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2185; Merino S, 1997, POLAR BIOL, V17, P14, DOI 10.1007/s003000050099; Monaghan P, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P270, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01094-X; Monaghan P, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1731, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0495; MONAGHAN P, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V259, P189, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0027; MORTON ML, 1994, CONDOR, V96, P119, DOI 10.2307/1369069; Nager RG, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P159, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2001.320209.x; NATT MP, 1952, POULTRY SCI, V31, P735, DOI 10.3382/ps.0310735; NIKINMAA M, 1990, VERTEBRATE RED BLOOD; NIRMALAN GP, 1973, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V20, P150, DOI 10.1016/0016-6480(73)90140-8; NIRMALAN GP, 1972, POULTRY SCI, V51, P920, DOI 10.3382/ps.0510920; Oppliger A, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P148, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.2.148; Partridge L, 2005, CELL, V120, P461, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.026; Perry MJ, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M, V279, pE1159; Reed WL, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P667, DOI 10.1086/503054; Reynolds SJ, 1999, J AVIAN BIOL, V30, P1, DOI 10.2307/3677236; ROBERTSON GW, 1990, BRIT POULTRY SCI, V31, P881, DOI 10.1080/00071669008417319; RODNAN GP, 1957, BLOOD, V12, P355; Rose MR, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P443, DOI 10.2307/3546672; Salvante KG, 2002, J AVIAN BIOL, V33, P391, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.02920.x; *SAS I, 2003, SAS SYST WIND SAS ST; Sheridan JA, 2004, AUK, V121, P717, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0717:WABMOH]2.0.CO;2; Stearns S. 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Exp. Biol.	FEB 1	2008	211	3					400	408		10.1242/jeb.011205				9	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	263CY	WOS:000253196400024	18203996	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Simkova, A; Lafond, T; Ondrackova, M; Jurajda, P; Ottova, E; Morand, S				Simkova, Andrea; Lafond, Thomas; Ondrackova, Marketa; Jurajda, Pavel; Ottova, Eva; Morand, Serge			Parasitism, life history traits and immune defence in cyprinid fish from Central Europe	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article							ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP; SEXUAL ORNAMENTATION; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ABRAMIS-BRAMA; BARN SWALLOW; ARCTIC CHARR; SPLEEN SIZE	Background: The main prediction of life-history theory is that optimal energy allocated among the traits is related to the growth, maintenance and survival. It is hypothesized that the optimal resource allocated to immune function, which generates resistance towards parasites and reduce the fitness losses caused by parasitism, is depending on other requirements for energetic resource and the benefits associated with them. The aims of this study are to investigate in a comparative way (1) how parasitism is related to fish life history traits (fecundity, longevity, mortality), (2) whether there is a trade-off between reproduction and immune investments in fish females (i.e. energetic hypothesis) and in males (i.e. immunohandicap hypothesis), (3) whether parasitism influences host immunity (spleen size) and reproduction (gonad size) in females and males. Results: Data on metazoan parasites of 23 cyprinid fish species from Central Europe were used for the analyses as well as new data collected from a field study. Ectoparasite species richness was negatively correlated with the fish mortality estimated by the k-value and positively correlated with fish body size, suggesting that parasite diversity increases with fish longevity. A negative relationship between spleen size and gonad size, controlling for fish body size, was found in females but not in males. Moreover, parasite abundance was positively correlated with fish spleen size and negatively with fish gonad size in females. Conclusion: The comparative analyses using cyprinid fish species demonstrated that natural mortality could be considered as a factor contributing to the variability of parasite species richness and moreover, parasite species benefit from long-lived fish. The results obtained from the analyses investigating the potential trade-off between reproduction and immunity could be interpreted as an energetic trade-off between female reproduction and immune function. The lack of negative relationship between gonad size and spleen size in males did not support our prediction based on the immunohandicap hypothesis.	[Simkova, Andrea; Ondrackova, Marketa; Ottova, Eva] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; [Morand, Serge] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, CNRS, CC065, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France; [Lafond, Thomas] Univ Paris 06, Lab Parasitol Evolut, UMR 7103, F-75252 Paris 05, France; [Ondrackova, Marketa; Jurajda, Pavel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Vertebrate Biol, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic	Simkova, A (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Bot & Zool, Kotlarska 2, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.	simkova@sci.muni.cz; morand@isem.univ-montp2.fr; audrey@sci.muni.cz; jurajda@brno.cas.cz; evaottova@email.cz; morand@isem.univ-montp2.fr	Jurajda, Pavel/F-9647-2014; Morand, Serge/M-5433-2018; Ondrackova, Marketa/G-1479-2014	Morand, Serge/0000-0003-3986-7659; 			Ardia DR, 2006, J FISH BIOL, V68, P144, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.00962.x; Barus V, 1995, PETROMYZONTES OSTEIC; Brown CR, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1367, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2036; BUSH S, 2003, VET PARASITOL, V117, P117; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Collyer ML, 2004, J ANIM ECOL, V73, P821, DOI 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00855.x; Dalmo RA, 1997, J FISH DIS, V20, P241, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00302.x; Ergens R, 1970, CAUSATIVE AGENTS FIS; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; FOLSTAD I, 1994, OIKOS, V69, P511, DOI 10.2307/3545863; FOLSTAD I, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P603, DOI 10.1086/285346; FROESE R, 2005, WORLD WIDE WEB ELECT; GARLAND T, 1992, SYST BIOL, V41, P18, DOI 10.2307/2992503; Gilles A, 2001, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V19, P22, DOI 10.1006/mpev.2000.0916; HAMILTON WD, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P384, DOI 10.1126/science.7123238; HARVEY PH, 1982, J THEOR BIOL, V95, P37, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90285-5; Hou YY, 1999, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V20, P155, DOI 10.1023/A:1007799617597; JOHN JL, 1995, BIOL J LINN SOC, V54, P87, DOI 10.1016/0024-4066(95)90038-1; Johnson MW, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P1980, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-11-1980; Jokela J, 2005, OIKOS, V108, P156, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13185.x; Jones KE, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P601, DOI 10.1086/368289; Kortet R, 2004, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V13, P119, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00039.x; Kortet R, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P411; Kortet R, 2003, BIOL J LINN SOC, V78, P117, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00136.x; Kurtz J, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2515, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0954; Lamkova K, 2007, PARASITOL RES, V101, P775, DOI 10.1007/s00436-007-0546-3; LUSK S, 1983, FISH OUR WATERS; MCPHAIL JD, 1983, CAN J ZOOL, V61, P901, DOI 10.1139/z83-118; Moller Anders Pape, 1997, P105; Moller AP, 1998, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V11, P703, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1998.11060703.x; Moller AP, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P223, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00805.x; Moller AP, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P46, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00774.x; Moller AP, 2002, OIKOS, V99, P95, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990110.x; Moller AP, 2001, AM NAT, V158, P136, DOI 10.1086/321308; Moller AP, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P495, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00386.x; Morand S, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P1356, DOI 10.1139/cjz-78-8-1356; Morand S, 2000, DEV AN VET, V32, P63; *NAT RES COUNC, 1992, BIOL MARK IMM; Ottova E, 2005, EVOL ECOL RES, V7, P581; Ottova E, 2007, BIOL J LINN SOC, V90, P525, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00743.x; POULIN R., 2004, PARASITE BIODIVERSIT; PURVIS A, 1995, COMPUT APPL BIOSCI, V11, P247; Reznick D, 2002, MECH AGEING DEV, V123, P773, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00423-7; Rigby MC, 2000, DEV AN VET, V32, P129; Saino N, 1998, OIKOS, V81, P217, DOI 10.2307/3547043; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Simkova A, 2005, PARASITOL RES, V95, P65, DOI 10.1007/s00436-004-1261-y; Simkova A, 2001, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V10, P511, DOI 10.1023/A:1016658427730; Skarstein F, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P359, DOI 10.2307/3546208; Skarstein F, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P271, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-2-271; SLATER CH, 1993, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V89, P291, DOI 10.1006/gcen.1993.1035; Taskinen J, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P919; Vainikka A, 2005, ACTA ETHOLOG, V8, P70, DOI 10.1007/s10211-005-0002-2; Vainikka A, 2004, J FISH BIOL, V64, P227, DOI [10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00306.x, 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2004.00306.x]; WARD PI, 1989, OIKOS, V55, P428, DOI 10.2307/3565605; WEDEKIND C, 1994, AM NAT, V143, P936, DOI 10.1086/285641; WEDEKIND C, 1992, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V247, P169, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1992.0024	57	24	25	2	25	BIOMED CENTRAL LTD	LONDON	236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND	1471-2148			BMC EVOL BIOL	BMC Evol. Biol.	JAN 28	2008	8								29	10.1186/1471-2148-8-29				11	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	278JS	WOS:000254282400001	18226212	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	McNamara, JM; Houston, AI				McNamara, John M.; Houston, Alasdair I.			Optimal annual routines: behaviour in the context of physiology and ecology	PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Review						state; life history; trade-offs; seasonality; timing of breeding; virtual experiments	TITS PARUS-MAJOR; FUTURE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; OPTIMAL RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; DISTANCE MIGRANT SHOREBIRD; OPTIMAL LIFE-HISTORIES; JUNCOS JUNCO-HYEMALIS; BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; AUSTRALIAN SEA LION; DYNAMIC-MODEL; PARENTAL EFFORT	Organisms in a seasonal environment often schedule activities in a regular way over the year. If we assume that such annual routines have been shaped by natural selection then life-history theory should provide a basis for explaining them. We argue that many life-history trade-offs are mediated by underlying physiological variables that act on various time scales. The dynamics of these variables often preclude considering one period of the year in isolation. In order to capture the essence of annual routines, and many life-history traits, a detailed model of changes in physiological state over the annual cycle is required. We outline a modelling approach based on suitable physiological and ecological state variables that can capture this underlying biology, and describe how models based on this approach can be used to generate a range of insights and predictions.	[McNamara, John M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England; [Houston, Alasdair I.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England	McNamara, JM (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England.	john.mcnamara@bristol.ac.uk					Abrams PA, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P1055, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04433.x; ALERSTAM T, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P210, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90024-R; Ali M, 2003, FISH FISH, V4, P147, DOI 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00120.x; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Altizer S, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P467, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00879.x; ATKINSON SN, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P559, DOI 10.2307/2390145; Ball GF, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC B, V363, P231, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2137; Barta Z, 2006, OIKOS, V112, P580, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14240.x; Barta Z, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC B, V363, P211, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2136; BOUTIN S, 1990, CAN J ZOOL, V68, P203, DOI 10.1139/z90-031; Brodin A, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P178, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.2.178; Brown CR, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P339, DOI 10.1007/s002650050674; Buehler DM, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC B, V363, P247, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2138; BULL JJ, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P296, DOI 10.1086/283476; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CHARNOV E L, 1982; Cichon M, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1383, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0192; Cichon M, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P857; Clark CW, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P473; Clarke J. 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J	Vitzthum, VJ				Vitzthum, Virginia J.			Evolutionary Models of Women's Reproductive Functioning	ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY	Annual Review of Anthropology		English	Review; Book Chapter						life history theory; reproductive ecology; evolutionary endocrinology; ovarian steroids; adaptation	EARLY-PREGNANCY LOSS; SALIVARY PROGESTERONE LEVELS; HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; HUMAN OVARIAN-FUNCTION; SERUM HORMONE LEVELS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MENSTRUAL CYCLES; BOLIVIAN WOMEN; INTERPOPULATIONAL DIFFERENCES; GONADOTROPIN-SECRETION	Life history theory posits that natural selection leads to the evolution of mechanisms that tend to allocate resources to the competing demands of growth, reproduction, and survival such that fitness is locally maximized. (That is, among alternative allocation patterns exhibited in a population, those having the highest inclusive fitness will become more common over generational time.) Strategic modulation of reproductive effort is potentially adaptive because investment in a new conception may risk one's own survival, future reproductive opportunities, and/or current offspring survival. Several physiological and behavioral mechanisms modulate reproductive effort in human females. This review focuses on the hormonal changes that vary the probability of ovulation, conception, and/or continuing pregnancy and discusses evolutionary models that predict how and why these hormonal changes occur. Anthropological field studies have yielded important insights into the environmental correlates of variation in ovarian steroids, but much remains to be learned about the evolutionary determinants, proximate mechanisms, and demographic significance of variation in women's reproductive functioning.	[Vitzthum, Virginia J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Vitzthum, Virginia J.] Indiana Univ, Kinsey Inst, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA	Vitzthum, VJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.	vitzthum@indiana.edu					Baird DD, 1999, FERTIL STERIL, V71, P40, DOI 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00419-1; BAIRD DD, 1991, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V72, P793, DOI 10.1210/jcem-72-4-793; BarkerGibb ML, 1996, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, V64, P194, DOI 10.1159/000127118; Beall CM, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P17215, DOI 10.1073/pnas.252649199; Bentley GR, 1999, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V7, P175; BERNSTEIN L, 1990, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V1, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF00053183; BOAS F, 1911, CHANGE BODILY FORM D; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Bogin B, 2007, AM J HUM BIOL, V19, P631, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20666; BONGAARTS J, 1980, SCIENCE, V208, P564, DOI 10.1126/science.7367878; BONGAARTS J, 1983, FERTILITY BIOL BEHAV; Cameron J L, 1996, Rev Reprod, V1, P117; CAMPBELL KL, 1994, HUMAN REPROD ECOLOGY, V709; CARO TM, 1987, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V8, P61, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(87)90058-6; Charnov EL, 2006, AM NAT, V167, P578, DOI 10.1086/501141; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Chatterton RT, 2006, FERTIL STERIL, V86, P723, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.034; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1979, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V205, P547, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1979.0084; DAVIS K, 1956, ECON DEV CULT CHANGE, V4, P211, DOI 10.1086/449714; De Geyter C, 2002, HUM REPROD, V17, P933, DOI 10.1093/humrep/17.4.933; Dufty AM, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02498-9; Dunson DB, 2002, HUM REPROD, V17, P1399, DOI 10.1093/humrep/17.5.1399; Elias SG, 2005, HUM REPROD, V20, P2483, DOI 10.1093/humrep/dei090; Ellison PT, 2007, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V134, P513, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20698; ELLISON PT, 1986, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V154, P1000, DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(86)90737-4; ELLISON PT, 1988, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V31, P115; ELLISON PT, 1990, AM ANTHROPOL, V92, P933, DOI 10.1525/aa.1990.92.4.02a00050; ELLISON PT, 1993, HUM REPROD, V8, P2248, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138015; Ellison PT, 2003, AM J HUM BIOL, V15, P342, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10152; ELLISON PT, 1994, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V23, P255, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.23.1.255; ELLISON PT, 1989, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V78, P519, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330780407; Ellison PT, 2001, REPROD ECOLOGY HUMAN; ELTON S, 2008, MED EVOLUTION CURREN; FINCH CE, 1995, Q REV BIOL, V70, P1, DOI 10.1086/418864; FISHER DC, 1985, PALEOBIOLOGY, V11, P120; FISHER R. 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Rev. Anthropol.		2008	37						53	73		10.1146/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085112				23	Anthropology	Anthropology	365IA	WOS:000260397900005					2018-11-12	
J	Boulcott, P; Wright, PJ				Boulcott, Philip; Wright, Peter J.			Critical timing for reproductive allocation in a capital breeder: evidence from sandeels	AQUATIC BIOLOGY			English	Article						sandeels; energy allocation; critical period; growth; fecundity; vitellogenesis	SALMO-SALAR L; AMMODYTES-MARINUS RAITT; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; MALE ATLANTIC SALMON; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA; LESSER SANDEEL; RAINBOW-TROUT; OOCYTE GROWTH; SPAWNING TIME	Life-history theory predicts a tradeoff in resource allocation between early maturation and growth in species which exhibit indeterminate growth. However, since life-history models assume that the fitness payoff of each developmental strategy at completion is known, they are unable to encapsulate the mechanics by which maturation is controlled under natural conditions. To determine the proximate conditions which influence variation in reproductive investment, we recorded somatic growth, sexual maturation and fecundity in individually marked first-time maturing lesser sandeels Ammodytes marinus. Cytological investigation revealed that the transition in gonad development from primary to secondary stages occurred between June and August in both sexes. Using logistical regression, variation in maturation could be attributed to both initial weight and observed differences in resource accrual during this period, suggesting that if growth prior to this period is inadequate in smaller fish then maturation remains inhibited. For those females that did mature, potential fecundity positively correlated with final body size. Our findings indicate that small changes in the timing of the availability of their zooplankton prey could explain the large regional variability in maturity at age exhibited by sandeels in the field.	[Boulcott, Philip; Wright, Peter J.] Fisheries Res Serv, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland	Boulcott, P (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Fac Vet Med, Div Anim Prod & Publ Hlth, 464 Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Lanark, Scotland.	p.boulcott@vet.gla.ac.uk	WRIGHT, PETER/C-8536-2011		Danish Institute for Fisheries Research; Scottish Executive; University of Aberdeen	This work was supported by the Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, the Scottish Executive and the University of Aberdeen. We are grateful to I. Gibb for otolith reading, to B. Williamson, R. Long and P. Gibson for technical assistance and skilful husbandry of the study fish and to F. Neat for assistance during sampling and for constructive criticism of the manuscript. All work was carried out under a UK Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) license.	ADAMS CE, 1989, AQUACULTURE, V79, P403, DOI 10.1016/0044-8486(89)90483-3; Aubin-Horth N, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1655, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3125; Bagenal T. B, 1978, METHODS ASSESSMENT F; Bergstad OA, 2001, AQUAT LIVING RESOUR, V14, P293, DOI 10.1016/S0990-7440(01)01134-2; Boulcott P, 2007, ICES J MAR SCI, V64, P369, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsl033; BURTON MPM, 1994, J ZOOL, V233, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb05273.x; Campbell B, 2006, BIOL REPROD, V75, P34, DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.105.049494; Campbell B, 2003, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V28, P287, DOI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030557.60141.33; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Dziewulska Katarzyna, 2003, Reprod Biol, V3, P47; Edwards M, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V239, P1, DOI 10.3354/meps239001; FISHER R. 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Biol.		2008	3	1					31	40		10.3354/ab00063				10	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Marine & Freshwater Biology	351UZ	WOS:000259452700004		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lavers, JL; Jones, IL; Diamond, AW; Robertson, GJ				Lavers, J. L.; Jones, I. L.; Diamond, A. W.; Robertson, G. J.			Annual survival of North American Razorbills (Alca torda) varies with ocean climate indices	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE			English	Article							ADULT SURVIVAL; MARKED ANIMALS; EL-NINO; ATLANTIC; POPULATIONS; RATES; VARIABILITY; AUKLETS; SEABIRD; CONSEQUENCES	According to life-history theory, survival in long-lived animals is not expected to vary greatly with environmental conditions. However, recent studies of a number of seabirds have shown that ocean climate indices such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and sea surface temperature are correlated with adult survival. Here we evaluated whether annual adult survival of Razorbills (Alca torda L., 1758) at two breeding colonies covaried with oceanographic conditions in the North Atlantic during 1995-2006. We also examined pre-breeder survival (from fledging to age 2). The relationship between local adult survival and the North Atlantic Oscillation and two oceanographic variables (Labrador Current temperature profile and Bay of Fundy sea surface temperature) were evaluated using the program MARK. Capture-mark-recapture data fit the assumptions of the program MARK reasonably well with (c) over cap values ranging from 1.390 to 2.404. Pre-breeder survival rates were high for Machias Seal Island (Phi = 0.778 +/- 0.041) and low for the Gannet Islands (Phi = 0.482 +/- 0.033), likely the result of hunting pressure. On Machias Seal Island, constant adult survival (Phi = 0.967 +/- 0.028) was the best model; however, time-dependent models that included a climate covariate performed nearly as well. On the Gannet Islands, adult survival (Phi = 0.890 +/- 0.053) was negatively correlated with Labrador Current temperature. Overall, our results show significant differences in survival rates across sites over the same time period and highlight the importance of multisite studies and smaller scale climate indices for local populations. In addition, our study contributes to the growing body of evidence that survival in long-lived animals may vary with environmental conditions more than previously expected.	[Lavers, J. L.; Jones, I. L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada; [Diamond, A. W.] Univ New Brunswick, Atlantic Cooperat Wildlife Ecol Res Network, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada; [Robertson, G. J.] Environm Canada, Div Sci & Technol, Mt Pearl, NF, Canada	Lavers, JL (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Dept Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.	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J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.	JAN	2008	86	1					51	61		10.1139/Z07-113				11	Zoology	Zoology	271TD	WOS:000253810700007					2018-11-12	
J	Agosta, SJ				Agosta, Salvatore J.			Selection on offspring size varies within and among families in relation to host nutritional quality	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						family effects; herbivory; host plant; larval growth; Lepidoptera; phytophagous insects; phenotypic selection; offspring size; offspring survival; Rothschildia lebeau	EGG SIZE; SEED-BEETLE; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BODY-SIZE; ENVIRONMENTS; PLANT; LEPIDOPTERA; PLASTICITY; DIFFERS	Life history theory often assumes a positive relationship between offspring size and fitness, although the strength and form of this relationship is expected to vary with environmental conditions. In arthropods, surprisingly few studies have examined the influence of larval environment on the offspring size-fitness relation. In phytophagous insects, the few studies that have examined variation in larval host plants have found a negative correlation between host plant nutritional quality and the strength of selection favoring larger offspring size, suggesting that this pattern might be general. I present experimental evidence for such a relationship in a population of the moth Rothschildia lebeau feeding on its three primary host plant species. Unlike previous studies, I consider the effect of offspring size on growth and survival at two levels, both among families and among siblings within families. Neonate caterpillar mass had a significant effect on growth and survival. The effect on growth, however, was weak, resulted primarily from variation among families, and did not differ among host plant diets. The effect on survival was stronger and varied among host plant diets, among families, and within families on different host plants in a manner that was generally consistent with the hypothesized negative correlation between host plant nutritional quality and the strength of selection favoring larger offspring size. Overall, results suggest that the consequences of variation in offspring size for survival within and among families are host plant-dependent in this system.	[Agosta, Salvatore J.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA	Agosta, SJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.	agosta@sas.upenn.edu	Agosta, Salvatore/C-8876-2009				Agosta SJ, 2005, OIKOS, V108, P183, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13504.x; Agresti A., 2002, CATEGORICAL DATA ANA; Azevedo RBR, 1997, AM NAT, V150, P250, DOI 10.1086/286065; Bernardo J, 2005, BIOL J LINN SOC, V86, P309, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00532.x; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; BRABY MF, 1994, OIKOS, V71, P119, DOI 10.2307/3546179; Czesak ME, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1121; Endler JA, 1986, NATURAL SELECTION WI; Fischer K, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P380, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01046.x; Fischer K, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3138, DOI 10.1890/02-0733; Fischer K, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P803, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00798.x; Fox CW, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P1167, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01092.x; Fox CW, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3029, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3029:NSOSBE]2.0.CO;2; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; Fox CW, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V107, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF00333946; Fox CW, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P2790, DOI 10.2307/2679961; Janzen D.H., 1984, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V1, P85; Janzen D.H., 1984, Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, V30, P16; Janzen DH, 2002, HANDBOOK OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION, VOL 2, P559; JANZEN DH, 2006, EVENT BASED DATABASE; Janzen FJ, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1564, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02237.x; Jervis MA, 2005, ECOL ENTOMOL, V30, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00712.x; LEMAIRE C, 1978, C LEMAIRE NEUILLY SU; MCGINLEY MA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P370, DOI 10.1086/284716; MILLER T A, 1983, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, V37, P174; Miller William E., 2005, Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, V59, P143; NIKASUJI F, 1987, ECOL RES, V2, P175; PARKER GA, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P573, DOI 10.1086/284589; Quinn GP, 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; SIBLY R, 1986, PHYS ECOLOGY ANIMALS; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Torres-Vila LM, 2002, OIKOS, V99, P272, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990207.x; TUSKES PM, 1996, WILD SILK MOTH N AM; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S	34	5	6	0	13	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0269-7653			EVOL ECOL	Evol. Ecol.	JAN	2008	22	1					71	83		10.1007/s10682-007-9159-7				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	241IW	WOS:000251651100005					2018-11-12	
J	Kruger, DJ; Fisher, ML				Kruger, Daniel J.; Fisher, Maryanne L.			Women's Life History Attributes are Associated with Preferences in Mating Relationships	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						Life history; mating strategies; evolution; individual differences	MATE SELECTION CRITERIA; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR GENE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; GENDER DIFFERENCES; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ATTACHMENT STYLES; SEXUAL SELECTION; FATHER ABSENCE; RISK-TAKING	Life history theory (LHT) is a powerful framework for examining relationship choices and other behavioral strategies which integrates evolutionary, ecological, and socio-developmental perspectives. We examine the relationship between psychological and behavioral indicators of women's life history attributes and hypothetical relationship choices with characters representing short-term and long-term male sexual strategies. We demonstrate that psychological indicators of women's life history strategies are related to predicted and actual behaviors in mating relationships. Women with insecure attachment styles, especially those with negative evaluations of both themselves and others (fearful attachment), were more likely to consider men with attributes indicating short-term mating strategies for short-term and long-term relationships than women with a secure attachment style. Women with relatively unrestricted sociosexuality were more likely to predict they would have sexual affairs with men in general, with the tendency being generally stronger when considering men with attributes indicating short-term mating strategies. Those who scored high on self-monitoring were also more likely to predict having sexual affairs and short-term relationships with these men. These and other findings demonstrate the usefulness of a life history approach for understanding women's relationship choices.	[Kruger, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Fisher, Maryanne L.] St Marys Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada	Kruger, DJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.	djk2012@gmail.com		Fisher, Maryanne/0000-0002-7804-8544			Ardener E., 1960, PLANTATION VILLAGE C; Barash David P., 2005, MADAME BOVARYS OVARI; BARTHOLOMEW K, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V61, P226, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226; Beckerman S, 1998, CURR ANTHROPOL, V39, P164, DOI 10.1086/204706; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; Brennan K. A., 1998, ATTACHMENT THEORY CL, P46; Buss D. M., 1994, EVOLUTION DESIRE STR; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; BUSSE W W, 1989, Drugs, V37, P1; Chisholm JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; Clark R. 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Psychol.		2008	6	2					289	302						14	Psychology, Experimental	Psychology	453UH	WOS:000266637900006		DOAJ Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Johnson, JA; Carroll, J; Gottschall, J; Kruger, D				Johnson, John A.; Carroll, Joseph; Gottschall, Jonathan; Kruger, Daniel			Hierarchy in the Library: Egalitarian Dynamics in Victorian Novels	EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Review						egalitarian groups; literature; social dominance; stigmatization	EVOLUTION; HUMANS	The current research investigated the psychological differences between protagonists and antagonists in literature and the impact of these differences on readers. It was hypothesized that protagonists would embody cooperative motives and behaviors that are valued by egalitarian hunter-gatherers groups, whereas antagonists would demonstrate status-seeking and dominance behaviors that are stigmatized in such groups. This hypothesis was tested with an online questionnaire listing characters from 201 canonical British novels of the longer nineteenth century. 519 respondents generated 1470 protocols on 435 characters. Respondents identified the characters as protagonists, antagonists, or minor characters, judged the characters' motives according to human life history theory, rated the characters' traits according to the five-factor model of personality, and specified their own emotional responses to the characters on categories adapted from Ekman's seven basic emotions. As expected, antagonists are motivated almost exclusively by the desire for social dominance, their personality traits correspond to this motive, and they elicit strongly negative emotional responses from readers. Protagonists are oriented to cooperative and affiliative behavior and elicit positive emotional responses from readers. Novels therefore apparently enable readers to participate vicariously in an egalitarian social dynamic like that found in hunter-gatherer societies. We infer that agonistic structure in novels simulates social behaviors that fulfill an adaptive social function and perhaps stimulates impulses toward these behaviors in real life.	[Johnson, John A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, Du Bois, PA USA; [Carroll, Joseph] Univ Missouri, Dept English, St Louis, MO 63121 USA; [Gottschall, Jonathan] Washington & Jefferson Coll, Dept English, Washington, DC USA; [Kruger, Daniel] Univ Michigan, Prevent Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA	Johnson, JA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, Du Bois, PA USA.	j5j@psu.edu					ALEXANDER R, 1989, HUMAN REVOLUTION BEH; Alexander R. D., 1987, BIOL MORAL SYSTEMS; Alexander R. D., 1979, DARWINISM HUMAN AFFA; Armstrong Nancy, 1987, DESIRE DOMESTIC FICT; AXELROD R, 1981, SCIENCE, V211, P1390, DOI 10.1126/science.7466396; Baumeister R.F, 2005, CULTURAL ANIMAL HUMA; Bingham PM, 1999, Q REV BIOL, V74, P133, DOI 10.1086/393069; Bjorklund D. 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J	Kiorboe, T; Hirst, AG				Kiorboe, Thomas; Hirst, Andrew G.			Optimal development time in pelagic copepods	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						Fitness; Net reproductive rate; Population growth rate; Fecundity; Mortality	MARINE PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GLOBAL RATES; BODY-SIZE; PHYTOPLANKTON CONCENTRATION; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; PSEUDOCALANUS SP; PHYSIO-ECOLOGY	According to life history theory, development times have evolved to an optimum solution of the trade-offs between rapid development and high fecundity: rapidly developing individuals have a higher chance of surviving to maturity than do slowly developing ones, but they mature at a smaller size and, thus, have lower fecundity. Here we develop a model to predict egg-to-adult times in marine pelagic marine copepods that maximizes fitness, quantified either as lifetime reproductive output or population growth rate. The model is tested against global data sets of development time as a function of temperature. The optimum development time increases when the enhancement of fecundity with delayed maturation increases, and it decreases with increasing juvenile mortality. Our predictions match the patterns in nature for broadcast spawners, for which most data are available, but appear to underpredict development times for sac-spawning copepods. The partial uncoupling of growth and development rates in copepods demonstrated in laboratory experiments, the substantial variation in age at maturity observed in copepod field populations, as well as the fair match of predicted and observed development times together suggest that development rates in marine pelagic copepods are tuned to the prevailing predation mortality. Observations in freshwater zooplankton suggest that life histories may be adapted to local conditions of growth and predation mortality. The striking lack of similar observations in marine zooplankton calls for work to explore the significance of environmental modulation of life histories of marine zooplankton. Possible future research avenues are proposed, including studies of the effects of seasonal environments, variable presence of predators and the effects of sexual selection on life histories of marine planktonic copepods.	[Kiorboe, Thomas] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; [Hirst, Andrew G.] Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England	Kiorboe, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Kavalergarden 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.	tk@aqua.dtu.dk	Kiorboe, Thomas/G-3190-2011; Hirst, Andrew/A-6296-2013	Kiorboe, Thomas/0000-0002-3265-336X; 			Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Atkinson D, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P235, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01058-6; BAN SH, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P721, DOI 10.1093/plankt/16.6.721; BERGGREEN U, 1988, MAR BIOL, V99, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF02112126; BERRIGAN D, 1994, OIKOS, V70, P474, DOI 10.2307/3545787; BOLLENS SM, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V234, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF00010777; BOLLENS SM, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P555, DOI 10.1093/plankt/16.5.555; Bunker AJ, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V279, P161, DOI 10.3354/meps279161; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Crowley PH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P2592, DOI 10.2307/177477; DAM HG, 1991, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V71, P113, DOI 10.3354/meps071113; de Valpine P, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P357; DODSON SI, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P1274, DOI 10.4319/lo.1988.33.6.1274; Fauconneau B., 1985, P17; Fiksen O, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1446; FROST BW, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1137, DOI 10.1139/f92-126; GILLIAM JF, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1856, DOI 10.2307/1939877; GISKE J, 1993, EVOL ECOL, V7, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF01237741; HAVENHAND JN, 1993, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V97, P247, DOI 10.3354/meps097247; Hirst AG, 2003, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V48, P1988, DOI 10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1988; Hirst AG, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V230, P195, DOI 10.3354/meps230195; Hirst AG, 1999, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V177, P133, DOI 10.3354/meps177133; Hirst A, 2006, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V326, P29, DOI 10.3354/meps326029; Houston AI, 1999, MODELS ADAPTIVE BEHA; HUNTLEY ME, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P201, DOI 10.1086/285410; Kiorboe T, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V148, P40, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0346-3; KIORBOE T, 1985, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V26, P85, DOI 10.3354/meps026085; KIORBOE T, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P1353, DOI 10.1093/plankt/16.10.1353; Kiorboe T, 2008, OECOLOGIA, V155, P179, DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0893-x; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; LAFFERTY KD, 1993, OIKOS, V68, P3, DOI 10.2307/3545303; MACHACEK J, 1993, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V38, P1544, DOI 10.4319/lo.1993.38.7.1544; Matty A.J., 1985, P185; MILLER SE, 1993, MAR BIOL, V117, P635, DOI 10.1007/BF00349776; MYERS RA, 1983, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V11, P189, DOI 10.3354/meps011189; Mylius SD, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P218, DOI 10.2307/3545651; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; Olsen EM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P932, DOI 10.1038/nature02430; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; ROFF DA, 1984, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V41, P989, DOI 10.1139/f84-114; SIBLY RM, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P486, DOI 10.2307/2390073; Stearns S. 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Ser.		2008	367						15	22		10.3354/meps07572				8	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	359WC	WOS:000260017900002		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lardies, MA; Medina, MH; Correa, JA				Lardies, Marco A.; Medina, Matias H.; Correa, Juan A.			Intraspecific biogeographic pattern breakage in the snapping shrimp Betaeus emarginatus caused by coastal copper mine tailings	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						copper; life-history traits; biogeography; intertidal rocky shore; reproductive output; Chile	LATITUDINAL VARIATION; EGG SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; NORTHERN CHILE; DECAPODA; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; ALPHEIDAE; CRUSTACEA; CRAB	Environmental gradients are common in nature, and geographically widespread species must cope with environmental differences between habitats. Environmental differences produce bio-geographic patterns that can involve morphological, physiological, and life-history traits. The Bergmann's rule has been described as one of these ecological and evolutionary patterns, predicting an increase in body size towards colder climates. Human-induced polluting events could impair the performance and/or fitness of exposed individuals and populations. Thus, we hypothesized that species undergoing exposure to pollutants will show a breakage of the natural biogeographical variation of their fitness-related life-history traits. In northern Chile, copper mine tailings have been dumped continuously for more than 60 yr. Because the snapping shrimp Betaeus emarginatus is commonly found in intertidal pools near this dumping site, it was used as a study model. This shrimp has a pelagic larva and a wide distribution along the Chilean coast. Different life-history traits were studied in 5 populations over a range of 19 degrees of latitude along the Chilean coast. Population mean values for female body mass, egg volume, and reproductive output were positively correlated with latitude. In contrast, egg number was negatively correlated with latitude and positively correlated with temperature. Shrimps from the dumping site showed life-history trait values significantly lower than the range observed in areas with no copper enrichment, breaking the biogeographical patterns predicted by the Bergmann's rule. Such studies emphasize the need for integrating different concepts of organism and population ecology and life-history theory in the assessment of anthropogenic pollution.	[Lardies, Marco A.] Univ Santo Tomas, Dept Ciencias Basicas, Santiago, Chile; [Lardies, Marco A.] Univ Santo Tomas, Ctr Invest Ciencias Ambientales, Santiago, Chile; [Medina, Matias H.] Univ Austral Chile, CIEN Austral Ctr Invest Nutr Tecnol Alimentos & S, Region Los Lagos, Chile; [Correa, Juan A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile; [Correa, Juan A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile	Lardies, MA (reprint author), Univ Santo Tomas, Dept Ciencias Basicas, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile.	mlardies@santotomas.cl	Varela, Daniel/D-9484-2013	Lardies, Marco/0000-0003-3525-1830			Andrade S, 2006, MAR CHEM, V101, P203, DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.03.002; Atkinson D, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P235, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01058-6; BAUER RT, 1992, INVERTEBR REPROD DEV, V22, P193, DOI 10.1080/07924259.1992.9672272; Blanckenhorn WU, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P413, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.413; Calow P, 1998, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V120, P11, DOI 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10003-X; CASTILLA JC, 1983, MARINE POLLUTION B, V14, P159; CLARKE A, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P724, DOI 10.2307/2389534; CLARKE A, 1993, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V168, P189, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(93)90259-Q; CLARKE A, 1987, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V38, P89, DOI 10.3354/meps038089; Correa J. 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A., 1997, INVEST MAR, V25, P177; *SERV HIDR OC ARM, 1996, ATL OC CHIL, V1; SPICER JI, 1992, MAR BIOL, V112, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF00356288; THORSON G, 1950, BIOL REV, V25, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1950.tb00585.x; VANSTRAALEN NM, 2000, DEMOGRAPHY ECOTOXICO, P115; Wehrtmann IS, 2003, J NAT HIST, V37, P2165, DOI 10.1080/00222930210133291; WEIS JS, 1989, BIOSCIENCE, V39, P89, DOI 10.2307/1310907; Wilhelm FM, 2000, FUNCT ECOL, V14, P413; Wong CK, 1995, MAR POLLUT BULL, V31, P416, DOI 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00142-A	35	13	13	0	3	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630			MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2008	358						203	210		10.3354/meps07347				8	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	306DK	WOS:000256228300019		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Casten, LR; Johnston, CE				Casten, Lemuel R.; Johnston, Carol E.			Life-history Plasticity Among Stream Sites in the Chattahoochee River Drainage, Alabama	SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST			English	Article							PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; OVUM SIZE; SHINER; POPULATIONS; CYPRINIDAE; HABITAT; CLUTCH; DARTER	Cyprinella venusta (Blacktail Shiner) were studied at four sites to investigate life-history parameter variation in Alabama streams. Consistent with life-history theory, fish from a perceived degraded site were significantly smaller than fish from sites that had less apparent environmental disturbance. Fish from the degraded site had the smallest Size at Maturity and the smallest propagule size. Egg diameters were not related to standard length of fish among sites. There was no significant difference ill mature egg diameters; however, ripening egg diameters differed among sites. Clutch sizes adjusted for standard length varied among sites. There was no difference in gonad miss in females for all spawning months however, there were differences in gonad mass in Males in July. The gonadosomatic index peaked in July for both males and females. Reproductive males were still present in September for three sites, but all females from all sites had become latent by September, indicating that. the spawning season had ended. The results of this study Suggest that Cyprinella venusta has the ability to alter life-history parameters and this may be a factor contributing to its persistence in habitats where other species are declining.	[Casten, Lemuel R.; Johnston, Carol E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries, Fish Biodivers Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA	Johnston, CE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries, Fish Biodivers Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.	cjohnsto@acesag.auburn.edu			State of Alabama Wildlife	Thanks to A.R. Henderson, R.A. Kennon, N.R. Ozburn, P. Cleveland, and D. Holt for assistance with fish collection. This project was funded by a State of Alabama Wildlife Grant. Fish were collected under State of Alabama scientific collecting permit number 4491 issued to C.E. Johnston.	Baker JA, 1994, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL TH, P144; Guill JM, 1996, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V46, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF00005021; Heins D.C., 1987, P223; Heins David C., 1993, Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, V4, P11; HEINS DC, 1991, COPEIA, P736; HEINS DC, 2000, AM MIDL NAT, V145, P74; HOWARD J, 1997, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI; Johnston CE, 2000, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V9, P170, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2000.eff090306.x; Johnston CE, 1999, COPEIA, P200, DOI 10.2307/1447403; JOHNSTON CE, 2004, STATUS FISH SPECIES; Kristjansson BK, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P659; Machado MD, 2002, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V11, P11, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.1o103.x; Mazzoni R, 2002, J FISH BIOL, V61, P1606, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2178; Miner BG, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P685, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.002; Reznick D.N., 1989, P125; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; Robinson BW, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P1819, DOI 10.1139/F02-144; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROSS S T, 1990, Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, V37, P221; SAS, 2003, SAS 9 1 WIND; SHEPARD TE, 1995, STATUS SURVEY BLUEST; *SPSS INC, 2005, SPSS 11 0 MAC OS X; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Sultan SE, 2000, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V5, P537, DOI 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01797-0; Walser CA, 1999, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V8, P237, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1999.tb00075.x	25	4	4	0	5	HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST	STEUBEN	PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA	1528-7092	1938-5412		SOUTHEAST NAT	Southeast. Nat.		2008	7	4					679	690		10.1656/1528-7092-7.4.679				12	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	383VV	WOS:000261703200010					2018-11-12	
S	Callahan, HS; Maughan, H; Steiner, UK		Schlichting, CD; Mousseau, TA		Callahan, Hilary S.; Maughan, Heather; Steiner, Ulrich K.			Phenotypic Plasticity, Costs of Phenotypes, and Costs of Plasticity Toward an Integrative View	YEAR IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2008	Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences		English	Article						experimental evolution; selection analysis; phenotypic evolution; tradeoffs; life history theory; environmental heterogeneity	HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; FRESH-WATER SNAIL; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REACTION NORM; LIFE-HISTORY; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS	Why are some traits constitutive and others inducible? The term costs often appears in work addressing this issue but may be ambiguously defined. This review distinguishes two conceptually distinct types of costs: phenotypic costs and plasticity costs. Phenotypic costs are assessed from patterns of covariation, typically between a focal trait and a separate trait relevant to fitness. Plasticity costs, separable from phenotypic costs, are gauged by comparing the fitness of genotypes with equivalent phenotypes within two environments but differing in plasticity and fitness. Subtleties associated with both types of costs are illustrated by a body of work addressing predator-induced plasticity. Such subtleties, and potential interplay between the two types of costs, have also been addressed, often in studies involving genetic model organisms. In some instances, investigators have pinpointed the mechanistic basis of plasticity. In this vein, microbial work is especially illuminating and has three additional strengths. First, information about the machinery underlying plasticity-such as structural and regulatory genes, sensory proteins, and biochemical pathways-helps link population-level studies with underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms. Second, microbial studies involve many generations, large populations, and replication. Finally, empirical estimation of key parameters (e.g., mutation rates) is tractable. Together, these allow for rigorous investigation of gene interactions, drift, mutation, and selection-all potential factors influencing the maintenance or loss of inducible traits along with phenotypic and plasticity costs. Messages emerging from microbial work can guide future efforts to understand the evolution of plastic traits in diverse organisms.	[Callahan, Hilary S.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA; [Maughan, Heather] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Steiner, Ulrich K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Callahan, HS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA.	hcallahan@barnard.edu	Steiner, Ulrich/C-7099-2015; Callahan, Hilary/A-3229-2013	Steiner, Ulrich/0000-0002-1778-5989; 	National Science Foundation [IBN 0344518]; Killam Trust at UBC; National Institutes of Health; NIA [P01-AG0225000-01]; Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies; Swiss NSF [PBZHA-110325]	We thank Joanna Masel, Josh Van Buskirk, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. H.C. received financial support from the National Science Foundation (IBN 0344518). H.M. was supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Killam Trust at UBC and the National Institutes of Health. U.S. was supported by NIA P01-AG0225000-01, Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, and Swiss NSF PBZHA-110325.	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J	Rickard, IJ; Russell, AF; Lummaa, V				Rickard, Ian J.; Russell, Andrew F.; Lummaa, Virpi			Producing sons reduces lifetime reproductive success of subsequent offspring in pre-industrial Finns	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						evolutionary ecology; intergenerational cost of reproduction; lifetime reproductive success; Lack's hypothesis; Trivers-Willard hypothesis	BIASED MATERNAL EXPENDITURE; MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; BIRTH-WEIGHT; LITTER SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MANIPULATION EXPERIMENT; 19TH-CENTURY SWEDEN; OCCUPATIONAL-STATUS; PRECEDING SIBLINGS; PRENATAL GROWTH	Life-history theory states that reproductive events confer costs upon mothers. Many studies have shown that reproduction causes a decline in maternal condition, survival or success in subsequent reproductive events. However, little attention has been given to the prospect of reproductive costs being passed onto subsequent offspring, despite the fact that parental fitness is a function of the reproductive success of progeny. Here we use pedigree data from a pre-industrial human population to compare offspring lifehistory traits and lifetime reproductive success (LRS) according to the cost incurred by each individual's mother in the previous reproductive event. Because producing a son versus a daughter has been associated with greater maternal reproductive cost, we hypothesize that individuals born to mothers who previously produced sons will display compromised survival and/or LRS, when compared with those produced following daughters. Controlling for confounding factors such as socio-economic status and ecological conditions, we show that those offspring born after elder brothers have similar survival but lower LRS compared with those born after elder sisters. Our results demonstrate a maternal cost of reproduction manifested in reduced LRS of subsequent offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a longterm intergenerational cost has been shown in a mammal species.	Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Rickard, IJ (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.	i.rickard@sheffield.ac.uk					Barker D. J. P., 1998, MOTHERS BABIES HLTH; Berube CH, 1996, BEHAV ECOL, V7, P60, DOI 10.1093/beheco/7.1.60; Birgersson B, 1998, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V43, P87, DOI 10.1007/s002650050470; Blanchard R, 2001, J BIOSOC SCI, V33, P451, DOI 10.1017/S0021932001004515; Blondel J, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V117, P80, DOI 10.1007/s004420050634; CLARK MM, 1991, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V49, P239, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90038-P; Clutton-Brock T. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	DEC 7	2007	274	1628					2981	2988		10.1098/rspb.2007.1051				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	236BV	WOS:000251278900009	17895226	Green Published, Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Sargent, RD; Goodwillie, C; Kalisz, S; Rees, RH				Sargent, Risa D.; Goodwillie, Carol; Kalisz, Susan; Rees, Richard H.			Phylogenetic evidence for a flower size and number trade-off	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						floral display; flower number; flower size; inflorescence size; life history trade-offs; phylogenetic independent contrasts	EICHHORNIA-PANICULATA PONTEDERIACEAE; FLORAL DISPLAY; ATTRACTIVE STRUCTURES; CORRELATED EVOLUTION; GENETIC CONSTRAINTS; SELF-COMPATIBILITY; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; SILENE-LATIFOLIA; SYSTEM EVOLUTION; ALLOCATION	The size and number of flowers displayed together on an inflorescence (floral display) influences pollinator attraction and pollen transfer and receipt, and is integral to plant reproductive success and fitness. Life history theory predicts that the evolution of floral display is constrained by trade-offs between the size and number of flowers and inflorescences. Indeed, a trade-off between flower size and flower number is a key assumption of models of inflorescence architecture and the evolution of floral display. Surprisingly, however, empirical evidence for the trade-off is limited. In particular, there is a lack of phylogenetic evidence for a trade-off between flower size and number. Analyses of phylogenetic independent contrasts (PICs) of 251 angiosperm species spanning 63 families yielded a significant negative correlation between flower size and flower number. At smaller phylogenetic scales, analyses of individual genera did not always find evidence of a trade-off, a result consistent with previous studies that have examined the trade-off for a single species or genus. Ours is the first study to support an angiosperm-wide trade-off between flower size and number and supports the theory that life history constraints have influenced the evolution of floral display.	[Sargent, Risa D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Goodwillie, Carol] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA; [Kalisz, Susan] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA; [Rees, Richard H.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA	Sargent, RD (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Gendron Hall,Room 160,30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.	rsargent@uottawa.ca; goodwilliec@ecu.edu; kalisz@pitt.edu; rree@fieldmuseum.org		Goodwillie, Carol/0000-0003-2649-2771			Ackerly DD, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1480, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00694.x; *ANG PHYL GROUP, 2003, BOT J LINN SOC, V141, P399, DOI DOI 10.1046/J.1095-8339.2003.T01-1-00158.X; Armbruster WS, 2002, AM J BOT, V89, P37, DOI 10.3732/ajb.89.1.37; Ashman TL, 2006, HEREDITY, V96, P343, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800815; BARRETT SCH, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P526, DOI 10.2307/2390078; BELL G, 1985, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V224, P223, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1985.0031; BERTIN RI, 1993, BOT REV, V59, P112, DOI 10.1007/BF02856676; *CALF, 2007, INFORM CAL PLANTS ED; Carroll SB, 1996, INT J PLANT SCI, V157, P493, DOI 10.1086/297367; Caruso CM, 2006, HEREDITY, V97, P86, DOI 10.1037/sj.hdy.6800853; Caruso CM, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P732; COHEN D, 1990, AM NAT, V135, P218, DOI 10.1086/285040; Davies TJ, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P1904, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0308127100; DEJONG G, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P749, DOI 10.1086/285356; Delph LF, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P1936; Delph LF, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P1011, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00467.x; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; Goodwillie C, 2005, INT J PLANT SCI, V166, P741, DOI 10.1086/431801; Goodwillie C, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1387, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05403.x; Graham SW, 2004, AM J BOT, V91, P1007, DOI 10.3732/ajb.91.7.1007; HARDER LD, 1995, NATURE, V373, P512, DOI 10.1038/373512a0; HARDER LD, 1990, FUNCT ECOL, V4, P559, DOI 10.2307/2389323; Harvey PH, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P255, DOI 10.2307/5872; Hickman J.C., 1993, JEPSON MANUAL; James J., 1974, AUST J BIOL SCI, V27, P99; LYONS EE, 1991, AM J BOT, V78, P270, DOI 10.2307/2445250; Meagher TR, 1999, GENDER SEXUAL DIMORP, P275; Miikeda O, 2006, BOT J LINN SOC, V152, P153; Morgan MT, 1998, AM J BOT, V85, P1231, DOI 10.2307/2446632; PARTRIDGE L, 1985, NATURE, V316, P20, DOI 10.1038/316020a0; PRIMACK RB, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P409, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002205; Proctor M, 1996, NATURAL HIST POLLINA; *R DEV COR TEAM, 2006, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Reznick D, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01941-8; Roff D. 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J	Charnov, EL; Warne, R; Moses, M				Charnov, Eric L.; Warne, Robin; Moses, Melanie			Lifetime reproductive effort	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						lizards; mammals; life-history optimization; dimension-less; Williams's hypothesis	LIZARD SCELOPORUS-UNDULATUS; IGUANAS AMBLYRHYNCHUS-CRISTATUS; FLORIDA SCRUB LIZARD; POPULATION ECOLOGY; HISTORY EVOLUTION; UROSAURUS-ORNATUS; NEST MORTALITY; ANOLIS-ACUTUS; SMALL MAMMALS; GROWTH	In a 1966 American Naturalist article, G. C. Williams initiated the study of reproductive effort (RE) with the prediction that longer-lived organisms ought to expend less in reproduction per unit of time. We can multiply RE, often measured in fractions of adult body mass committed to reproduction per unit time, by the average adult life span to get lifetime reproductive effort (LRE). Williams's hypothesis (across species, RE decreases as life span increases) can then be refined to read "LRE will be approximately constant for similar organisms." Here we show that LRE is a key component of fitness in nongrowing populations, and thus its value is central to understanding life-history evolution. We then develop metabolic life-history theory to predict that LRE ought to be approximately 1.4 across organisms despite extreme differences in production and growth rates. We estimate LRE for mammals and lizards that differ in growth and production by five-to tenfold. The distributions are approximately normal with means of 1.43 and 1.41 for lizards and mammals, respectively (95% confidence intervals: 1.3 - 1.5 and 1.2 - 1.6). Ultimately, therefore, a female can only produce a mass of offspring approximately equal to 1.4 times her own body mass during the course of her life.	Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA; Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Charnov, EL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	rlc@unm.edu; rwarne@unm.edu; melaniem@unm.edu	Warne, Robin/A-8978-2013		NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-018754]		ABTS ML, 1987, ECOL MONOGR, V57, P215, DOI 10.2307/2937081; ALCALA AC, 1967, COPEIA, P596; BALLINGER RE, 1981, J NAT HIST, V15, P213, DOI 10.1080/00222938100770171; BALLINGER RE, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P269, DOI 10.2307/1934336; BALLINGER RE, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P628, DOI 10.2307/1939012; BALLINGER RE, 1985, COPEIA, P976; BLAIR WF, 1960, RUSTY LIZARD POPULAT; Blomberg SP, 2001, AUSTRAL ECOL, V26, P349, DOI 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01120.x; BROOKS GR, 1967, ECOL MONOGR, V37, P71, DOI 10.2307/2937336; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Burghardt G. 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Nat.	DEC	2007	170	6					E129	E142		10.1086/522840				14	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	229US	WOS:000250832000001	18171160				2018-11-12	
J	Therrien, JF; Cote, SD; Festa-Bianchet, M; Ouellet, JP				Therrien, Jean-Francois; Cote, Steeve D.; Festa-Bianchet, Marco; Ouellet, Jean-Pierre			Conservative maternal care in an iteroparous mammal: a resource allocation experiment	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						maternal care; growth; reproduction; body mass; white-tailed deer	WHITE-TAILED DEER; BIRTH-DATE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FALLOW DEER; RED DEER; GROWTH; FAWNS; MASS; NUTRITION	When resources are limited, life history theory predicts a trade-off between growth, reproduction and survival. In summer, lactating females of temperate large herbivores such as the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) normally have access to abundant forage but also face the high energetic needs of lactation and recovery from winter mass loss. At high population density, however, females may face a trade-off between allocating resources for maintenance and for reproduction. To simulate the effects of increased intra-specific competition at high density, we measured for 2 years how an experimental food restriction of approximately 20% affected current reproduction and body mass changes of adult females and their fawns during the fawning and lactation periods. Fawn survival decreased 35%, and fawn growth decreased 26% in the food-restricted treatment. There was no effect of food restriction on female mass. Irrespective of treatment, however, lactating females gained 30 g/day less than non-lactating females, and females that had weaned a fawn the previous year gained 20 g/day less than females that had not. We conclude that when resources were scarce, females adopted a conservative strategy favouring their own survival, mass recovery and future reproductive potential over their current reproduction, probably to maximise their lifetime reproductive success.	Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada; Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada; Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; Univ Quebec, Dept Biol, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada	Cote, SD (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.	steeve.cote@bio.ulaval.ca		Festa-Bianchet, Marco/0000-0002-2352-3379			Anderson JD, 2002, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V66, P67, DOI 10.2307/3802872; Bassano B, 2003, WILDLIFE SOC B, V31, P1205; Birgersson B, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P493, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.5.493; Boucher S, 2004, ECOSCIENCE, V11, P286, DOI 10.1080/11956860.2004.11682835; CLLUTTONBROCK TH, 1982, RED DEER BEHAV ECOLO; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1985, J ANIM ECOL, V54, P831, DOI 10.2307/4381; Cook JG, 2004, WILDLIFE MONOGR, P1; COOK RS, 1971, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V35, P47, DOI 10.2307/3799870; Cote SD, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V127, P230, DOI 10.1007/s004420000584; Cote SD, 2004, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V35, P113, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105725; Cote SD, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P173, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1719; CRETE M, 1993, CAN J ZOOL, V71, P2291, DOI 10.1139/z93-321; DeYoung RW, 2003, WILDLIFE SOC B, V31, P220; Doughty P, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V110, P508, DOI 10.1007/s004420050187; FAIRBANKS WS, 1993, J MAMMAL, V74, P129, DOI 10.2307/1381911; Festa-Bianchet M, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P367, DOI 10.1086/286175; Festa-Bianchet M, 1998, BEHAV ECOL, V9, P144, DOI 10.1093/beheco/9.2.144; FestaBianchet M, 1996, CAN J ZOOL, V74, P330, DOI 10.1139/z96-041; Fryxell JM, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P1311, DOI 10.2307/177077; Gaillard JM, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P367, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.367; GAUTHIER D, 1985, BEHAVIOUR, V94, P128, DOI 10.1163/156853985X00307; Hewison AJM, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P229, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01592-X; Holand O, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P293, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3330; Keech MA, 1999, ALCES-N AM MOOSE CON, V35, P51; Landete-Castillejos T, 2002, BIOL REPROD, V67, P1613, DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.004507; LAVIGUEUR L, 1992, CAN J ZOOL, V70, P1753, DOI 10.1139/z92-243; MAUTZ W W, 1978, Wildlife Society Bulletin, V6, P88; McCullough DR, 1999, J MAMMAL, V80, P1130, DOI 10.2307/1383164; McMahon CR, 2003, WILDLIFE RES, V30, P35, DOI 10.1071/WR01069; MOEN AN, 1976, ECOLOGY, V57, P192, DOI 10.2307/1936411; Oftedal O.T., 1985, P215; Ricca MA, 2002, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V66, P1255, DOI 10.2307/3802958; Russell FL, 2001, AM MIDL NAT, V146, P1, DOI 10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0001:EOWTDO]2.0.CO;2; RUTBERG AT, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P89, DOI 10.1086/284469; SAETHER BE, 1993, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V33, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF00216594; Sand H, 1996, WILDLIFE BIOL, V2, P233; *SAS I, 2005, SAS SYSTEM WIND REL; SCHULTZ SR, 1995, J MAMMAL, V76, P575, DOI 10.2307/1382366; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEIGERS WD, 1980, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V44, P381, DOI 10.2307/3807968; Stewart KM, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V143, P85, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1785-y; THERRIEN JF, 2007, IN PRESS ANIM BEHAV; THORNE ET, 1976, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V40, P330, DOI 10.2307/3800433	43	38	38	0	28	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0340-5443			BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	DEC	2007	62	2					193	199		10.1007/s00265-007-0453-8				7	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	229VA	WOS:000250832800005					2018-11-12	
J	MacDonald, K				MacDonald, Katharine			Cross-cultural comparison of learning in human hunting - Implications for life history evolution	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						cultural transmission; human evolution; hunting; learning; life history	HUNTER-GATHERERS; OKAVANGO DELTA; DEPENDENCY; BOTSWANA; CHILDREN; GROWTH	This paper is a cross- cultural examination of the development of hunting skills and the implications for the debate on the role of learning in the evolution of human life history patterns. While life history theory has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding the evolution of the human life course, other schools, such as cultural transmission and social learning theory, also provide theoretical insights. These disparate theories are reviewed, and alternative and exclusive predictions are identified. This study of cross- cultural regularities in how children learn hunting skills, based on the ethnographic literature on traditional hunters, complements existing empirical work and highlights future areas for investigation.	Fac Archeol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands	MacDonald, K (reprint author), Fac Archeol, Postbus 9515, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.	k.MacDonald@arch.leidenuniv.nl		MacDonald, Katharine/0000-0003-0411-9589			BERNDT R, 1964, WORLD FIRST AUSTR; Binford L.R., 1978, NUNAMIUT ETHNOARCHAE; BIRD DW, 2003, HUNTERGATHERER CHILD, P129; Bird RB, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P239, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1009-2; BIRKETSMITH K, 1938, EYAK INDIANS COPEER; Bock J, 2004, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V15, P63, DOI 10.1007/s12110-004-1004-x; Bock J, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P161, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1007-4; Bock J., 2005, HUNTER GATHERER CHIL, P109; Bogin B, 1996, AM J HUM BIOL, V8, P703, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1996)8:6<703::AID-AJHB2>3.0.CO;2-U; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; CABANA T, 1993, AM J HUM BIOL, V5, P93, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.1310050113; Campbell BC, 2004, ANN HUM BIOL, V31, P213, DOI 10.1080/03014460310001656604; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Gibson K. R., 1999, MAMMALIAN SOCIAL LEA, P351; Goodale JC, 1971, TIWI WIVES STUDY WOM; GOODMAN MJ, 1985, SEX ROLES, V12, P1199, DOI 10.1007/BF00287829; Gubser N. J, 1965, NUNAMIUT ESKIMOS HUN; Gurven M, 2006, J HUM EVOL, V51, P454, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.05.003; GUSINDE M, 1937, DIE FEUERLANDINDIANE; GUSINDE M, 1974, DIE FEUERLANDINDIANE; GUSINDE M, 1931, DIE FEUERLANDINDIANE; Harrison GA, 1993, HUMAN BIOL INTRO HUM; HAWKES K, 1995, CURR ANTHROPOL, V36, P688, DOI 10.1086/204420; Healey C. J., 1990, MARING HUNTERS TRADE; HEWLETT BS, 1986, AM ANTHROPOL, V88, P922; Hill K, 2007, J HUM EVOL, V52, P443, DOI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.003; JONES B, 2005, HUNTER GATHERER CHIL, P105; Jones NB, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P199, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1008-3; JONES NGB, 2001, COMPARATIVE PRIMATE, P140; JONES NGB, 1997, GENETIC ETHOLOGICAL, P279; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.3.CO;2-Z; Kelly RL, 1995, FORAGING SPECTRUM; Kelly Robert, 2003, COLONIZATION UNFAMIL, P44; Konner M., 2005, HUNTER GATHERER CHIL, P19; Konner MJ, 1976, KALAHARI HUNTER GATH, P325; Lancy D, 1996, PLAYING MOTHER GROUN; Lee RB, 1979, KUNG SAN MEN WOMEN W; Leigh SR, 2001, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V10, P223, DOI 10.1002/evan.20002; LIEBENBERG L, 1990, ART TRACKING; Lowe Pat., 2002, HUNTERS TRACKERS AUS; Marshall L., 1976, KUNG NYAE NYAE; MURDOCH J, 1892, 9 ANN REP BUR AM ETH; NELSON RK, 1969, PEOPLE N ICE; NELSON RK, 1973, HUNTERS N FOREST; O'Connell JF, 1999, J HUM EVOL, V36, P461, DOI 10.1006/jhev.1998.0285; OHTSUKA R, 1989, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V80, P31, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330800105; Parker Sue Taylor, 1984, PLAY ANIMALS HUMANS, P271; Pearsall Marion, 1950, U CALIFORNIA ANTHR R, V9, P339; Puri R. K, 1997, THESIS U HAWAII HONO; RAY VF, 1963, PRIMITIVE PRAGMENATI; Roulon-Doko P., 1998, CHASSE CUEILLETTE CU; Shennan S. J, 1999, MAMMALIAN SOCIAL LEA, V72, P367; SIBLY RM, 1999, MAMMALIAN SOCIAL LEA, P57; TAYANIN D, 1991, HUNTING FISHING KAMM; TURNEYHIGH HH, 1941, ETHNOGRAPHY KUTENAI, V56; VANBEEK AG, 1987, THESIS U LEIDEN NETH; Walker R, 2002, J HUM EVOL, V42, P639, DOI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0541; WATANABE H, 1975, BOW ARROW CENSUS W P; WEISNER TS, 1996, MAC FDN MEN, P295; YOST JA, 1983, ADAPTIVE RESPONSES N, P189	60	51	52	0	8	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1045-6767			HUM NATURE-INT BIOS	Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.	DEC	2007	18	4					386	402		10.1007/s12110-007-9019-8				17	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	220CB	WOS:000250133400007	26181314				2018-11-12	
J	Furness, RW				Furness, Robert W.			Responses of seabirds to depletion of food fish stocks	JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY			English	Article						seabird; fisheries; stock depletion; ecosystem-based management	NORTH-SEA; SANDEEL RECRUITMENT; BREEDING SUCCESS; BARENTS SEA; FISHERIES; AVAILABILITY; KITTIWAKES; MANAGEMENT; SURVIVAL; SHETLAND	Life history theory predicts that seabirds will respond to reduction in food abundance by changes in behaviour or breeding effort, buffering adult survival. Empirical data show some support for this but also sometimes indicate a trade-off in which survival of breeding seabirds may be reduced by food shortage. The sensitivity of seabird adult survival rates may be a feature of the detailed ecology of particular species and may be affected by ecological conditions such as the possibilities for prey switching. Fishery managers may set a lower limit biomass to protect fish stock recruitment, often at about 20% of predicted unfished stock biomass. It is unclear whether this threshold would also protect the needs of seabirds dependent on the fish stock. Time series of seabird breeding success and fish stock biomass may indicate minimum densities of food required. These are orders of magnitude more than the consumption by seabird populations. The critical prey density may also vary tremendously among seabird species and is clearly a function of the detailed ecology of each species. It is possible to predict which species will be most sensitive to reduced food supply. Sensitive species may be sentinels of the "health'' of the marine ecosystem. For example, in Shetland and elsewhere in the North Sea, breeding success of kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla is particularly sensitive to abundance and quality of sandeels Ammodytes spp. However, seabird communities may be affected by a variety of interactions prompted by changes in fisheries; maintaining food fish levels may not alone be sufficient where communities have altered in composition over decades of fishing, as in the North Sea, and where predator-prey impacts induced by changes in fishery management may disrupt seabird communities.	Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland	Furness, RW (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.	r.furness@bio.gla.ac.uk					Arnott SA, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V238, P199, DOI 10.3354/meps238199; Barrett RT, 1996, ICES J MAR SCI, V53, P713, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0090; Boyd IL, 2006, CONSERV BIOL SER, P1, DOI 10.2277/ 052161256X; Browman HI, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V274, P269, DOI 10.3354/meps274269; CAMPHUYSEN CJ, 2005, IMPRESS FINAL REPORT; Cook RM, 2004, ICES J MAR SCI, V61, P159, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.11.005; Davis SE, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P1047, DOI 10.1890/04-0989; Ellis Hugh I., 2002, P359; Ens Bruno J., 2006, P806; Frederiksen M, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V300, P201, DOI 10.3354/meps300201; Frederiksen M, 2004, J APPL ECOL, V41, P1129, DOI 10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00966.x; FREDERIKSEN M, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V337, P287; Furness RW, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V202, P253, DOI 10.3354/meps202253; Furness RW, 2002, ICES J MAR SCI, V59, P261, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2001.1155; Furness RW, 1987, THE SKUAS; Greenstreet SPR, 2006, CONSERV BIOL SER, P223, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511541964.016; Hilton GM, 2000, J AVIAN BIOL, V31, P36, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310106.x; Hjermann DO, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P11679, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0402904101; Hunt GL, 2006, PROG OCEANOGR, V68, P115, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.008; *INT COUNC EXPL SE, 2002, 2002ACFM01 ICES CM; Jennings S., 2001, MARINE FISHERIES ECO; MAVOR RA, 2006, UK NATURE CONSERVATI, V30; Mehlum F, 1995, ECOLOGY OF FJORDS AND COASTAL WATERS, P457; Mitchell  P. I, 2004, SEABIRD POPULATIONS; Oro D, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2516; Osterblom H, 2006, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V323, P233, DOI 10.3354/meps323233; Pauly D, 2003, SCIENCE, V302, P1359, DOI 10.1126/science.1088667; Pedersen SA, 1999, FISH RES, V41, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00026-0; Pennington M., 2004, BIRDS SHETLAND; Poloczanska ES, 2004, ICES J MAR SCI, V61, P788, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.03.020; Rindorf A, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V202, P241, DOI 10.3354/meps202241; Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 2004, TURN TID ADDR IMP FI; Votier SC, 2004, NATURE, V427, P727, DOI 10.1038/nature02315; Walsh  P.M, 1995, SEABIRD MONITORING H; Wright PJ, 1996, AQUATIC PREDATORS AND THEIR PREY, P154; Zwarts L, 1996, ARDEA, V84A, P401	36	39	40	3	42	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0021-8375	1439-0361		J ORNITHOL	J. Ornithol.	DEC	2007	148			2			S247	S252		10.1007/s10336-007-0152-2				6	Ornithology	Zoology	291LN	WOS:000255199000013					2018-11-12	
J	Karell, P; Pietiainen, H; Siitari, H; Brommer, JE				Karell, P.; Pietiainen, H.; Siitari, H.; Brommer, J. E.			A possible link between parasite defence and residual reproduction	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						avain malaria; haematozoa; immunocompetence; reproductive cost	HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; BLOOD PARASITES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; GREAT TITS; RESISTANCE; PASSERINE; BIRDS; COST; WILD	Life-history theory centres around trade-offs between current and future reproduction, but we have little understanding of how such trade-offs are mediated. We supplementary fed Ural owls (Strix uralensis) during the nestling period and quantified parents' current and future life-history components as well as their physiological health by monitoring haematocrit, leucocyte profile, intra- and extracellular blood parasites. Feeding led to reduced parental effort but did not improve offspring viability, male parasite defence, or parental survival. Intracellular leucocytozoan infection was reduced in fed females which lasted to the following year's reproductive season (carry-over effect), when fed females also laid larger and earlier clutches. Leucocytozoon infection therefore may mediate the life-history trade-off between current and residual reproduction in this species.	Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Biol Sci, Bird Ecol Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Environm Biol Sci, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland	Karell, P (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Biol Sci, Bird Ecol Unit, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.	patrik.karell@helsinki.fi	Brommer, Jon/C-3613-2008	Brommer, Jon/0000-0002-2435-2612; Karell, Patrik/0000-0003-0297-125X			Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; Atkinson CT, 1991, BIRD PARASITE INTERA, P19; Brommer JE, 2004, OECOLOGIA, V139, P354, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1528-0; CAMPBELL TW, 1995, AVIAN HEMATOLOGY CYT; Dawson RD, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V52, P43, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0486-y; Deerenberg C, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1021, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0141; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Hanssen SA, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1039, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3057; Lessells C.M., 1991, P32; Marzal A, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V142, P541, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1757-2; Merino S, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2507, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1312; Nordling D, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1291, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0432; NORRIS K, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P601, DOI 10.2307/5226; Norris K, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P19, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.19; Ojanen U, 2002, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V13, P153; Ots I, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P700, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00219.x; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tomas G, 2007, FUNCT ECOL, V21, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01214.x; Wiehn J, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1197, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0419; WOO PTK, 1969, CAN J ZOOLOG, V47, P921, DOI 10.1139/z69-150; Zera AJ, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P95, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006	22	7	7	0	15	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	NOV	2007	20	6					2248	2252		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01423.x				5	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	222LK	WOS:000250298300017	17956387	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Kruger, O				Krueger, Oliver			Cuckoos, cowbirds and hosts: adaptations, trade-offs and constraints	PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Review						brood parasitism; evolutionary equilibrium; evolutionary lag; fitness; nest-site selection; selection pressure	BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM; GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOO; WARBLER ACROCEPHALUS-ARUNDINACEUS; MICRO-EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE; COEVOLUTIONARY ARMS-RACE; CUCULUS-CANORUS EGGS; COMMON CUCKOO; REED WARBLERS; MOLOTHRUS-ATER	The interactions between brood parasitic birds and their host species provide one of the best model systems for coevolution. Despite being intensively studied, the parasite-host system provides ample opportunities to test new predictions from both coevolutionary theory as well as life-history theory in general. I identify four main areas that might be especially fruitful: cuckoo female gentes as alternative reproductive strategies, non-random and nonlinear risks of brood parasitism for host individuals, host parental quality and targeted brood parasitism, and differences and similarities between predation risk and parasitism risk. Rather than being a rare and intriguing system to study coevolutionary processes, I believe that avian brood parasites and their hosts are much more important as extreme cases in the evolution of life-history strategies. They provide unique examples of trade-offs and situations where constraints are either completely removed or particularly severe.	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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	OCT 29	2007	362	1486					1873	1886		10.1098/rstb.2006.1849				14	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	211IE	WOS:000249516700015	17827098	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Lahdenpera, M; Russell, AF; Lummaa, V				Lahdenpera, M.; Russell, A. F.; Lummaa, V.			Selection for long lifespan in men: benefits of grandfathering?	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						ageing; cooperative breeding; Homo; life history evolution; longevity; senescence	NATURAL-SELECTION; RURAL GAMBIA; KIN; EVOLUTION; GRANDMOTHERS; FERTILITY; HUMANS; WOMEN; REPRODUCTION; SENESCENCE	Life-history theory suggests that individuals should live until their reproductive potential declines, and the lifespan of human men is consistent with this idea. However, because women can live long after menopause and this prolonged post-reproductive life can be explained, in part, by the fitness enhancing effects of grandmothering, an alternative hypothesis is that male lifespan is influenced by the potential to gain fitness through grandfathering. Here we investigate whether men, who could not gain fitness through reproduction after their wife's menopause (i.e. married only once), enhanced their fitness through grandfathering in historical Finns. Father presence was associated with reductions in offspring age at first reproduction and birth intervals, but generally not increases in reproductive tenure lengths. Father presence had little influence on offspring lifetime fecundity and no influence on offspring lifetime reproductive success. Overall, in contrast to our results for women in the same population, men do not gain extra fitness (i.e. more grandchildren) through grandfathering. Our results suggest that if evidence for a 'grandfather' hypothesis is lacking in a monogamous society, then its general importance in shaping male lifespan during our more promiscuous evolutionary past is likely to be negligible.	Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, Turku 20014, Finland; Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Lahdenpera, M (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, Turku 20014, Finland.	mipayl@utu.fi					Allal N, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2623; Anderson KG, 2006, CURR ANTHROPOL, V47, P513, DOI 10.1086/504167; Beise J., 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P215; Collett D, 2003, MODELLING SURVIVAL D; Dupanloup I, 2003, J MOL EVOL, V57, P85, DOI 10.1007/s00239-003-2458-x; Gibson MA, 2005, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V26, P469, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.03.004; Griffin AS, 2003, SCIENCE, V302, P634, DOI 10.1126/science.1089402; HAMILTON WD, 1964, J THEOR BIOL, V7, P1, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hawkes K., 2005, GRANDMOTHERHOOD EVOL, P118, DOI DOI 10.1007/S12110-010-9098-9; Helle S, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P29, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2944; Hurtado A. M., 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST ECOLO; Jamison CS, 2002, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V119, P67, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10070; Keller L, 1997, NATURE, V389, P958, DOI 10.1038/40130; Kemkes-Grottenthaler A., 2005, HIST SOCIAL RES, V30, P219; Lahdenpera M, 2004, CLIMACTERIC, V7, P327, DOI 10.1080/13697130400012205; Lahdenpera M, 2004, NATURE, V428, P178, DOI 10.1038/nature02367; Lee RD, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P9637, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1530303100; Littell R.C., 1996, SAS SYSTEMS MIXED MO; Lummaa V, 1998, NATURE, V394, P533, DOI 10.1038/28977; Luther G., 1993, SUOMEN TILASTOTOIMEN; Marlowe FW, 2000, BEHAV PROCESS, V51, P45, DOI 10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00118-2; MORING B, 1993, J FAM HIST, V18, P395, DOI 10.1177/036319909301800407; PAGET WJ, 1994, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V48, P333, DOI 10.1080/0032472031000147826; Pettay JE, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P2838, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0406709102; Quinlan RJ, 2005, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V16, P32, DOI 10.1007/s12110-005-1006-3; Ragsdale G, 2004, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V15, P301, DOI 10.1007/s12110-004-1011-y; Ratcliffe AA, 2000, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V78, P570; Roff D. A., 2001, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; SCHALL R, 1991, BIOMETRIKA, V78, P719; Sear R, 2003, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V24, P25, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00105-8; Sear R, 2002, DEMOGRAPHY, V39, P43, DOI 10.1353/dem.2002.0010; SOININEN AM, 1974, OLD TRADITIONAL AGR; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SUNDIN J, 1992, SOC SCI HIST, V16, P99, DOI 10.2307/1171323; Tymicki K, 2004, AM J HUM BIOL, V16, P508, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20059; Voland E, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V52, P435, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0539-2; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	38	28	29	2	28	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P R SOC B	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	OCT 7	2007	274	1624					2437	2444		10.1098/rspb.2007.0688				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	202FQ	WOS:000248887800010	17650472	Other Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Martin, LB; Weil, ZM; Nelson, RJ				Martin, Lynn B., II; Weil, Zachary M.; Nelson, Randy J.			Immune defense and reproductive pace of life in Peromyscus mice	ECOLOGY			English	Article						immunocompetence; life history; Peromyscus spp.; rodent; trade-off	STRESS-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT; TROPICAL HOUSE SPARROWS; TRADE-OFFS; LEUKOCYTE TRAFFICKING; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; BIRDS; PARASITES	Immune activity is variable within and among vertebrates despite the potentially large fitness costs of pathogens to their hosts. From the perspective of life history theory, immunological variability may be the consequence of counterbalancing investments in immune defense against other expensive physiological processes, namely, reproduction. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that immune defense among captive-bred, disease-free Peromyscus mice would be influenced by their reproductive life history strategies. Specifically, we expected that small species that reproduce prolifically and mature rapidly (i.e., fast pace of life) would favor inexpensive, nonspecific immune defenses to promote reproductive proclivity. Alternatively, we expected that large species that mature slowly and invest modestly in reproduction over multiple events (i.e., slow pace of life) would favor developmentally expensive, specific immune defenses and avoid cheap, nonspecific ones because such defenses are predisposed to self-damage. We found that species exhibited either strong ability to kill ( gram-negative) bacteria, a developmentally inexpensive defense, or strong ability to produce antibodies against a novel protein, a developmentally expensive defense, but not both. Cell-mediated inflammation also varied significantly among species, but in a unique fashion relative to bacteria killing or antibody production; wound healing was comparatively similar among species. These results indicate that Peromyscus species use immune strategies that are constrained to a dominant axis, but this axis is not determined solely by reproductive pace of life. Further comparisons, ideally with broader phylogenetic coverage, could identify what ecological and evolutionary forces produce the pattern we detected. Importantly, our study indicates that species may not be differentially immunocompetent; rather, they use unique defense strategies to prevent infection.	Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA	Martin, LB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.	lmartin@cas.usf.edu	Weil, Zachary/B-5003-2008; Martin, Lynn/C-2037-2009; Weil, Zachary/A-2439-2008	Weil, Zachary/0000-0003-3758-1809; Martin, Lynn/0000-0002-5887-4937; Nelson, Randy/0000-0002-8194-4016	NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH057535, MH 66144, MH 57535]; NINDS NIH HHS [P30NS045758]		Abouheif E, 1999, EVOL ECOL RES, V1, P895; Ardia DR, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P2040, DOI 10.1890/04-1619; Bilbo SD, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P4067, DOI 10.1073/pnas.062001899; Bonneaud C, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P367, DOI 10.1086/346134; Botten J, 2001, COMPARATIVE MED, V51, P314; BRONSON FH, 1988, REPROD NUTR DEV, V28, P335, DOI 10.1051/rnd:19880301; Carleton M. 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J	Bogin, B; Silva, MIV; Rios, L				Bogin, Barry; Silva, Maria Ines Varela; Rios, Luis			Life history trade-offs in human growth: Adaptation or pathology?	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; TRUNK LENGTH; LEG LENGTH; ORIGINS HYPOTHESIS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FETAL ORIGINS; SECULAR TREND; CHILDHOOD	Human beings growing-up in adverse biocultural environments, including undernutrition, exposure to infection, economic oppression/poverty, heavy workloads, high altitude, war, racism, and religious/ethnic oppression, may be stunted, have asymmetric body proportions, be wasted, be overweight, and be at greater risk for disease. One group of researchers explains this as a consequence of "developmental programming" (DP). Another group uses the phrase "predictive adaptive response" (PAR). The DP group tends to view the alterations as having permanent maladaptive effects that place people at risk for disease. The PAR group considers the alterations at two levels of adaptation: (1) "short-term adaptive responses for immediate survival" and (2) "predictive responses required to ensure postnatal survival to reproductive age." The differences between the DP and PAR hypotheses are evaluated in this article. A life history theory analysis rephrases the DP versus PAR debate from disease or adaptation to the concept of "trade-offs." Even under good conditions, the stages of human life history are replete with trade-offs for survival, productivity, and reproduction. Under adverse conditions, tradeoffs result in reduced survival, poor growth, constraints on physical activity, and poor reproductive outcomes. Models of human development may need to be refined to accommodate a greater range of the biological and cultural sources of adversity as well as their independent and interactive influences.	Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Human Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England; Univ Autonoma Madrid, Unidad Antropol Biol, Madrid 28047, Spain	Bogin, B (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Human Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.	b.a.bogin@lboro.ac.uk	Rios, Luis/G-3533-2015	Rios, Luis/0000-0002-6720-2534; Varela-Silva, Ines/0000-0002-1493-3093			ADAMS REW, 2000, CAMBRIDGE HIST NATIV; ADAMS RN, 1970, CRUCIFIXON POWER ESS; Barker DJP, 1997, NUTRITION, V13, P807, DOI 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00193-7; BARKER DJP, 1989, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V43, P237, DOI 10.1136/jech.43.3.237; Barker DJP, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P1235, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.6.1235; BEATON GH, 1989, HUM ORGAN, V48, P30, DOI 10.17730/humo.48.1.04n1174r2712g727; Bhargava SK, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V350, P865, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa035698; Bogin B, 2001, PERSPECTIVES IN HUMAN GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION, P205; Bogin B, 2002, AM J HUM BIOL, V14, P753, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10092; BOGIN B, 2003, J CHILD HLTH, V1, P149; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Bogin B, 2001, GROWTH HUMANITY; Bogin B., 2000, HUMAN BIOL EVOLUTION, P377; CAMERON N, 1991, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V34, P211; CHISHOLM JS, 1999, SEX HOPE DEATH; Coall DA, 2003, SOC SCI MED, V57, P1771, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00022-4; Drake AJ, 2004, J ENDOCRINOL, V180, P1, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1800001; Drooger JC, 2005, ULTRASOUND OBST GYN, V26, P115, DOI 10.1002/uog.1962; Ellison P. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stein AD, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V113, pE270, DOI 10.1542/peds.113.3.e270; Stein AD, 2006, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V164, P1160, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwj328; Stinson S, 2000, HUMAN BIOL EVOLUTION; Tanner JM, 1962, GROWTH ADOLESCENCE; THOMSON A M, 1954, Nutr Abstr Rev, V24, P1; Varela-Silva MI, 2007, COLLEGIUM ANTROPOL, V31, p315e9; Wadsworth MEJ, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P383, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.2.383; Watts E. S, 1975, BIOSOCIAL INTERRELAT; Webb AL, 2005, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V34, P898, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyi097; White L.A., 1959, EVOLUTION CULTURE	76	70	73	1	31	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1042-0533	1520-6300		AM J HUM BIOL	Am. J. Hum. Biol.	SEP-OCT	2007	19	5					631	642		10.1002/ajhb.20666				12	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	203PS	WOS:000248987100005	17636530				2018-11-12	
J	Kuzawa, CW				Kuzawa, Christopher W.			Developmental origins of life history: Growth, productivity, and reproduction	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; FETAL-GROWTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; GENERAL-MODEL; ENERGY; CHILDHOOD; EVOLUTION	There is now much evidence that early life undernutrition elevates risk of diseases like cardiovascular disease. Less clear is whether the underlying developmental plasticity in metabolism and physiology evolved to serve an adaptive function, beyond these effects on pathophysiology. This review builds from principles of life history theory to propose a functional model linking early environments with adult biology. An organism has metabolic potential in excess of survival requirements, called productivity, that supports growth before being shunted into reproduction after growth ceases. This concept from inter-specific studies leads to the prediction that plasticity in growth rate will be positively correlated with components of future adult reproductive expenditure. Consistent with this idea, evidence is reviewed that early nutrition or growth rate predict offspring size in females, and increased somatic investment related to reproductive strategy in males. Thus, population birth weight and sexual size dimorphism are predicted to increase in response to improvements in early nutrition. A striking feature of the continuity of metabolic production is its perpetuation not merely during the lifecycle but across generations: in females, growth rate predicts future nutritional investment in reproduction, which in turn determines fetal growth rate in the next generation. Growth and reproduction serve as mutually-defining templates, thus creating a phenotypic bridge allowing ecologic information to be maintained during ontogeny and transmitted to offspring. Resetting of metabolic production in response to maternal nutritional cues may serve a broader goal of integrating nutritional information within the matriline, thus providing a more reliable basis for adjusting long-term strategy.	Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA	Kuzawa, CW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1810 Himan Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.	kuzawa@northwestern.edu					Adair LS, 2001, CIRCULATION, V104, P1034, DOI 10.1161/hc3401.095037; ALBERMAN E, 1991, ANN HUM BIOL, V18, P127, DOI 10.1080/03014469100001472; Alberman E, 1992, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, V6, P134, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00755.x; BARKER DJ, 1994, BMJ; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; Bateson P, 2001, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V30, P928, DOI 10.1093/ije/30.5.928; BIELICKI T, 1977, HUM BIOL, V49, P265; BILLEWICZ WZ, 1982, ANN HUM BIOL, V9, P309, DOI 10.1080/03014468200005811; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; Bribiescas RG, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF02692109; BRIBIESCAS RG, 2001, AM J PHYS ANTHR S, V33, P148; Butte NF, 2005, PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR, V8, P953, DOI 10.1079/PHN2005790; CASE TJ, 1978, Q REV BIOL, V53, P243, DOI 10.1086/410622; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Cicognani A, 2002, J PEDIATR-US, V141, P376, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2002.126300; Drake AJ, 2005, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V288, pR34, DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00106.2004; Drake AJ, 2004, J ENDOCRINOL, V180, P1, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1800001; Ellison P. 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J. Hum. Biol.	SEP-OCT	2007	19	5					654	661		10.1002/ajhb.20659				8	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	203PS	WOS:000248987100007	17639581				2018-11-12	
J	Kokko, H; Lopez-Sepulcre, A				Kokko, Hanna; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres			The ecogenetic link between demography and evolution: can we bridge the gap between theory and data?	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Review						comparative analysis; density-dependent selection; eco-evolutionary feedback; ecogenetics; experimental evolution; frequency-dependent selection; life-history theory	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; DEPENDENT SELECTION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; PARENTAL CARE	Calls to understand the links between ecology and evolution have been common for decades. Population dynamics, i.e. the demographic changes in populations, arise from life history decisions of individuals and thus are a product of selection, and selection, on the contrary, can be modified by such dynamical properties of the population as density and stability. It follows that generating predictions and testing them correctly requires considering this ecogenetic feedback loop whenever traits have demographic consequences, mediated via density dependence (or frequency dependence). This is not an easy challenge, and arguably theory has advanced at a greater pace than empirical research. However, theory would benefit from more interaction between related fields, as is evident in the many near-synonymous names that the ecogenetic loop has attracted. We also list encouraging examples where empiricists have shown feasible ways of addressing the question, ranging from advanced data analysis to experiments and comparative analyses of phylogenetic data.	Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Lab Ecol & Evolut Dynam, Helsinki, Finland; Australian Natl Univ, Sch Bot & Zool, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Environm Biol Sci, Evolut Ecol Unit, Jyvaskyla, Finland; Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA USA	Kokko, H (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Lab Ecol & Evolut Dynam, Helsinki, Finland.	hanna.kokko@helsinki.fi	Kokko, Hanna/C-7861-2009; Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres/G-2404-2010	Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres/0000-0001-9708-0788			Adams ES, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P277, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114034; Andersson J, 2007, AM NAT, V169, P820, DOI 10.1086/516846; Benton TG, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P769; Benton TG, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1173, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3495; Bonsall MB, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P14932, DOI 10.1073/pnas.2535677100; Bowler DE, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P205, DOI 10.1017/S1464793104006645; Brockhurst MA, 2007, CURR BIOL, V17, P761, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.057; Brodie ED, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P249, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.0014-3820.2005.TB00914.X; Brommer J, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P454, DOI 10.1086/303335; Brommer JE, 2000, BIOL REV, V75, P377, DOI 10.1017/S000632310000551X; Bull JJ, 2006, AM NAT, V167, pE39, DOI 10.1086/499374; Butlin RK, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1205, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00845.x; CHARLESWORTH B, 1971, ECOLOGY, V52, P469, DOI 10.2307/1937629; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; CONNELL JH, 1980, OIKOS, V35, P131, DOI 10.2307/3544421; Coulson T, 2006, EVOL ECOL RES, V8, P1155; Darwin C., 1859, ORIGIN SPECIES MEANS; DeAngelis Donald L., 2007, P213; Dercole F, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P983, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3398; Dercole F, 2002, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V62, P365, DOI 10.1016/S0040-5809(02)00008-4; Dieckmann U, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P128, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01004-5; Dieckmann U, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V69, P263, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2005.12.001; Dobzhansky T, 2013, AM BIOL TEACH, V75, P87, DOI 10.2307/4444260; Doebeli M, 2000, AM NAT, V156, pS77, DOI 10.1086/303417; DOMINGO E, 2006, QUASISPECIES CONCEPT; Dugatkin L. 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Lett.	SEP	2007	10	9					773	782		10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01086.x				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	198AB	WOS:000248598300003	17663710				2018-11-12	
J	Lissaker, M				Lissaker, Maria			Does time of the season influence filial cannibalism in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus?	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						filial cannibalism; operational sex ratio; parental investment; Pomatoschistus miniutus; reproductive season	OPERATIONAL SEX-RATIO; PARENTAL CARE; BROOD CANNIBALISM; EVOLUTION; FISH; STRATEGY; ECOLOGY; GOBIES; MATE; SELECTION	According to life-history theory, filial cannibalism by fish that breed over one season only should be more beneficial early than late in the season if they eat eggs to invest energy into later clutches. Also, filial cannibalism may be more costly late in the season if finding ripe females for replacing eaten eggs is harder then. On the other hand, offspring hatching early may have a competitive advantage over fry hatching late and hence provide higher fitness to the parent. Using data collected over three successive years, I tested if sand goby males are more prone to eat of their eggs early than late in the reproductive season. I found no difference in the amount of eggs eaten or in the frequency of males eating the whole clutch between early and late in the season. Furthermore, there was no difference in the frequency of males who ate parts of their clutches, early compared to late. This might reflect a trade-off between quality (early hatching offspring) and quantity (producing as many offspring as possible over a long reproductive season). If so, the lack of seasonal pattern of filial cannibalism found in sand gobies might be the result of opposing selection pressures. (c) Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006	Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Lissaker, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	maria.lissaker@zoologi.su.se					Ah-King M, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P371, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00823.x; BAYLIS JR, 1981, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V6, P223, DOI 10.1007/BF00002788; BELLESISLES JC, 1991, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V3, P49, DOI 10.1080/08927014.1991.9525388; Cargnelli LM, 1997, T AM FISH SOC, V126, P153, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0153:NFELIE>2.3.CO;2; Cargnelli LM, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P360, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-53-2-360; CHELLINGSWORTH MC, 1989, J HUM HYPERTENS, V3, P35; EMLEN ST, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P215, DOI 10.1126/science.327542; FONDS M, 1974, Hydrobiological Bulletin, V8, P110, DOI 10.1007/BF02254911; Forsgren E, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V53, P267, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0374; Guitel F., 1892, ARCH ZOOL EXP GEN, V10, P499; HEALEY MC, 1971, J ZOOL, V163, P177; HOELZER GA, 1992, OIKOS, V65, P113, DOI 10.2307/3544893; Jones JC, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V57, P181, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0939; Kvarnemo C, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P1285, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0899; KVARNEMO C, 1994, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V256, P151, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1994.0063; Kvarnemo C, 1998, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V8, P93, DOI 10.1023/A:1008816601559; KVARNEMO C, 1996, THESIS ACTA U UPS; Lindstrom K, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V40, P107, DOI 10.1007/s002650050322; Lindstrom K, 1998, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V42, P101, DOI 10.1007/s002650050417; Lindstrom K, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P617, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00063.x; Lissaker M, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P374, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.374; LISSAKER M, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL; Manica A, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V67, P1015, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.09.011; Manica A, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V51, P319, DOI 10.1007/s00265-001-0444-0; Manica A, 2002, BIOL REV, V77, P261, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005905; MARCONATO A, 1993, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V32, P229; Miller P.J., 1986, FISHES N E ATLANTIC; Okuda N, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P273, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1148; ROHWER S, 1978, AM NAT, V112, P429, DOI 10.1086/283284; Sargent Robert Craig, 1992, P38; SMITH C, 1995, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V5, P372, DOI 10.1007/BF00043007; Takahashi D, 1999, ICHTHYOL RES, V46, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02675437; Takeyama T, 2002, J FISH BIOL, V61, P633, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2086	33	4	4	0	14	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0378-1909			ENVIRON BIOL FISH	Environ. Biol. Fishes	SEP	2007	80	1					69	75		10.1007/s10641-006-9117-1				7	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	203ZH	WOS:000249012100007					2018-11-12	
J	Proper, J; von Biela, VR; Burns, JM				Proper, Josh; von Biela, Vanessa R.; Burns, Jennifer M.			Determining the pattern of cementum annuli and relationship to reproduction in male sea otters	ETHNICITY & DISEASE			English	Article								Since the early 1990s, the southwestern Alaskan sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population has declined dramatically and the cause has yet to be determined. Population trajectories of large mammals are determined by three factors: survival rate, reproduction rate, and age of first reproduction (AFR). Of these three, AFR should respond first to environmental change. Life history theory predicts that AFR will be older with bottom-up causes (ie, food limitation) and younger when the cause of the decline is top-down (ie, predation), as there is usually abundant resources in this scenario. Traditionally, determining AFR required lethal sampling, which may not always be possible. Work on many mammalian species suggests that the width of annual cementum layers in teeth may decline when breeding begins. If so, examining teeth annuli may provide a non-lethal alternative for determining AFR. Ongoing research has shown this relationship in female sea otters, but male sea otters have not been tested. Sea otter testes and premolar teeth slides were collected by subsistence hunters working with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Sea Otter and Steller Sea Lion Commission from Alaska (19942005). We determined the pattern in cementum annuli thickness for male sea otters across age by measuring annuli at three sites on each of the two slide sections available. We found that cementum annuli layers decreased with age, but found no correlation between cementum annuli and sexual maturity in male sea otters. This lack of correlation may be due to sampling error or different energy expenditures during reproduction for each sex. Since females expend large amounts of energy through gestation and lactation, we hypothesize that the width of female cementum annuli decreases at a much sharper rate when they reach AFR.	[Proper, Josh; von Biela, Vanessa R.] Wasilla High Sch, Anchorage, AK USA; [Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska Achorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA	Proper, J (reprint author), Wasilla High Sch, Anchorage, AK USA.		Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013				Berta A., 2003, MARINE MAMMALS EVOLU; DOROFF AM, 2003, SEA OTTER POPULATION; ESTES JA, 1998, KILLER WHALE PREDATI; Kenyon K.W., 1969, SEA OTTER E PACIFIC; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; VONBIELA V, IN PRESS EVALUATING	6	1	1	0	4	INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB	ATLANTA	100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA	1049-510X			ETHNIC DIS	Ethn. Dis.	FAL	2007	17	4		5			S45	S47						3	Public, Environmental & Occupational Health	Public, Environmental & Occupational Health	256BO	WOS:000252702900023					2018-11-12	
J	Rees, M; Venable, DL				Rees, Mark; Venable, D. Lawrence			Why do big plants make big seeds?	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						life-history theory; seed mass; size at maturity; Smith-Fretwell model; evolutionary stable strategy	INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODEL; RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; RAIN-FOREST; SHADE-TOLERANCE; BRIEF-HISTORY; FLOWERING STRATEGIES; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT; LIFE-HISTORIES; SIZE; EVOLUTION	1. The conventional explanations for large plant species producing larger seeds on average than small plant species have recently been challenged, and it has been suggested that the pattern is better explained by the theory developed by Charnov (1993). Here we use simple life-history theory to explore the logic underlying Charnov's models and show that under most reasonable conditions they predict no relationship between seed mass and size at maturity. 2. Using a simple general model incorporating size-specific growth and survival, we explore the joint evolution of seed mass and size at maturity, and argue that seed mass will be correlated with adult traits, such as the timing of reproduction and size at reproduction, only if seedling and adult growth and mortality rates are correlated. Evidence for such correlations is briefly explored. 3. It has also been suggested that the standard model for seed mass evolution (Smith & Fretwell 1974) has been misinterpreted, and that application of the model requires measurement of survivorship to reproductive maturity. Using a simple model incorporating size-specific growth and survival we show that this criticism is unfounded. 4. Our results differ from those of Moles and colleagues because they look at the effect of long juvenile period on survival to maturity, but do not recognize that this may be compensated by covarying life-history traits, such as plant size and reproductive lifespan. Also, they seem to argue that life-history evolution is constrained by cross-angiosperm correlations, such as that between seed mass and longevity, while the life-history models presented here seek selective causes of such correlations, rather than regarding them as constraints. 5. Models similar to those of Charnov (1993) only predict a positive relationship between seed size and plant size if unrealistic assumptions are made about the effects of seed mass on survival, such as the effect of seed mass on instantaneous survival persisting to adulthood.	Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Rees, M (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.	m.rees@sheffield.ac.uk					Aarssen LW, 2001, ECOSCIENCE, V8, P471, DOI 10.1080/11956860.2001.11682677; Aarssen LW, 2005, OIKOS, V111, P199, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.14206.x; ARMSTRONG DP, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1092, DOI 10.2307/1940479; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Childs DZ, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P425, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2597; Childs DZ, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1829, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2399; Clark DA, 1999, ECOL APPL, V9, P981; CLARK DA, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P315, DOI 10.2307/2937114; Comita LS, 2007, J ECOL, V95, P482, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01229.x; Condit R, 1996, J VEG SCI, V7, P405, DOI 10.2307/3236284; de Jong T, 2005, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; Eriksson O, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V144, P98, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0001-z; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3402, DOI 10.1890/02-9002; GERITZ SAH, 1995, AM NAT, V146, P685, DOI 10.1086/285820; Grime J. 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Ecol.	SEP	2007	95	5					926	936		10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01277.x				11	Plant Sciences; Ecology	Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	206EM	WOS:000249166700004		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Dirks, W; Bowman, JE				Dirks, Wendy; Bowman, Jacqui E.			Life history theory and dental development in four species of catarrhine primates	JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION			English	Review						siamang; lar gibbon; baboon; hanuman langur; weaning; reproduction; molar emergence; dental histology	LANGURS PRESBYTIS-ENTELLUS; GIBBONS HYLOBATES-LAR; CROWN FORMATION TIMES; HISTOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; HAMADRYAS BABOONS; PARANTHROPUS-ROBUSTUS; ANTHROPOID PRIMATES; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; INFANT-MORTALITY; FOSSIL HOMINIDS	Dental development was reconstructed in several individuals representing four species of catarrhine primates-Symphalangus syndactylus, Hylobates lar, Semnopithecus entellus priam, and Papio hamadryas-using the techniques of dental histology. Bar charts assumed to represent species-typical dental development were constructed from these data and estimated ages at first and third molar emergence were plotted on them along with ages at weaning, menarche, and first reproduction from the literature. The estimated age at first molar emergence appears to occur at weaning in the siamang, lar gibbon, and langur, and just after weaning in the baboon. Age at menarche and first reproduction occur earlier relative to dental development in both cercopithecoids than in the hylobatids, suggesting that early reproduction may be a derived trait in cercopithecoids. The results are examined in the context of life history theory. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Newcastle Univ, Sch Dent, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW, Tyne & Wear, England; Univ Penn, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA	Dirks, W (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Dent, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW, Tyne & Wear, England.	wendy.dirks@ncl.ac.uk; bowmanje@sas.upenn.edu					Altmann J, 2005, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V57, P490, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0870-x; Altmann SA., 1998, FORAGING SURVIVAL YE; Anemone RL, 2002, HUMAN EVOLUTION THROUGH DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE, P249; ANEMONE RL, 1995, ASPECTS DENT BIOL PA, P201; Barton Robert, 1999, P167, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542466.010; Beehner JC, 2006, DEV PRIMATOL-PROG PR, P53; Bergman TJ, 2004, INT J PRIMATOL, V25, P1313, DOI 10.1023/B:IJOP.0000043964.01085.dc; BEYNON AD, 1987, ARCH ORAL BIOL, V32, P773, DOI 10.1016/0003-9969(87)90002-1; Beynon AD, 1998, J HUM EVOL, V35, P351, DOI 10.1006/jhev.1998.0234; BEYNON AD, 1991, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V86, P189, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330860208; BEYNON AD, 1988, NATURE, V335, P509, DOI 10.1038/335509a0; BLAFFERHRDY S, 1977, AM SCI, V65, P40; Bolter Debra, 2007, P408; Borries C, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P139, DOI 10.1007/s002650050373; BORRIES C, 1993, FOLIA PRIMATOL, V61, P21, DOI 10.1159/000156723; Borries C, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V50, P391, DOI 10.1007/s002650100391; Bowman JE, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, P110; Boyde A., 1963, EXCERPTA MED INT C S, V80, P36; Brockelman WY, 1998, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V42, P329, DOI 10.1007/s002650050445; BROMAGE TG, 1985, NATURE, V317, P525, DOI 10.1038/317525a0; BROMAGE TG, 1987, J HUM EVOL, V16, P257, DOI 10.1016/0047-2484(87)90002-9; Charnov EL, 2005, EVOL ECOL RES, V7, P795; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov Eric L., 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V1, P191, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360010604; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; CHIVERS JD, 1974, SIAMANG MALAYA; CHIVERS JD, 1972, GIBBON SIAMANG, P103; CONROY GC, 1995, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V98, P121, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330980203; de Castro JMB, 2001, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V114, P325, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1044; Dean C, 2001, NATURE, V414, P628, DOI 10.1038/414628a; Dean MC, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P2799, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3583; DEAN MC, 1991, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V86, P215, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330860210; Dean MC, 2004, ANN ANAT, V186, P405; DEAN MC, 1993, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V91, P401, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330910402; DEAN MC, 1985, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V67, P251, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330670310; Dirks W, 2003, AM J PRIMATOL, V61, P29, DOI 10.1002/ajp.10106; Dirks W, 2002, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V118, P239, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10089; Dirks W, 1998, J HUM EVOL, V35, P411, DOI 10.1006/jhev.1997.0185; ELLEFSON JO, 1974, GIBBON SIAMANG, P1; Enstam K. 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Hum. Evol.	SEP	2007	53	3					309	320		10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.007				12	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	216KM	WOS:000249876900007	17706270				2018-11-12	
J	Jones, JH				Jones, James Holland			demogR: A package for the construction and analysis of age-structured demographic models in R	JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE			English	Article						demography; human ecology; life history theory; matrix population models; model life tables; R	POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; LOOP ANALYSIS; RED DEER; SELECTION; CONSERVATION; SENSITIVITY; SENESCENCE; FREQUENCY	The analysis of matrix population models has become a fundamental tool in ecology, conservation biology, and life history theory. In this paper, I present demogR, a package for analyzing age-structured population models in R. The package includes tools for the construction and analysis of matrix population models. In addition to the standard analyses commonly used in evolutionary demography and conservation biology, demogR contains a variety of tools from classical demography. This includes the construction of period life tables, and the generation of model mortality and fertility schedules for human populations. The tools in demogR are generally applicable to age-structured populations but are particularly useful for analyzing problems in human ecology. I illustrate some of the capabilities of the package by doing an evolutionary demographic analysis of several human populations.	Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94505 USA	Jones, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 360, Stanford, CA 94505 USA.			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J	Saastamoinen, M				Saastamoinen, Marjo			Mobility and lifetime fecundity in new versus old populations of the Glanville fritillary butterfly	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						fecundity; life history; population age; reproduction; trade-off	HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; BODY-SIZE; ONCOPELTUS-FASCIATUS; NUPTIAL GIFTS; DISPERSAL; REPRODUCTION; LEPIDOPTERA; MIGRATION; ALLOCATION; EVOLUTION	Life history theory often assumes a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction, and such a trade-off is commonly observed in wing-dimorphic insects. The results are less consistent for wing-monomorphic species, for which it is more difficult to assess dispersal capacity and rate. Three replicate experiments were carried out in consecutive years on the Glanville fritillary butterfly in a large outdoor population cage to study the relationship between lifetime egg production and mobility. The experimental material included females originating from newly-established and old populations, as previous studies have shown dispersal capacity to depend on population age. There was a consistent and significant interaction between mobility and population age, such that in newly-established populations mobile females had higher fecundity than less mobile females, while in old populations there was no such relationship. As selection favours individuals with the highest fecundity, selection pressure on mobility is likely to be different between the two population types, which may contribute to maintenance of variation in dispersal rate in the metapopulation as a whole. Several other female traits also affected lifetime fecundity, including lifespan, number of matings and date of eclosion, although these effects were not consistent across the years. These results highlight the importance of conducting experiments in more than one year before generalizing about patterns in life history variation.	Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki 00014, Finland	Saastamoinen, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki 00014, Finland.	marjo.saastamoinen@helsinki.fi	Saastamoinen, Marjo/F-6576-2012	Saastamoinen, Marjo/0000-0001-7009-2527			Baguette M, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P648, DOI 10.1890/04-1631; Bergstrom J, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V52, P296, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0512-0; Boggs CL, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V144, P353, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0076-6; Boggs CL, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P192; CALOW P, 1979, BIOL REV, V54, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1979.tb00866.x; Calvo D, 2005, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V98, P191, DOI 10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0191:FSRAOR]2.0.CO;2; CARROLL AL, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF00317676; DINGLE H, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P79, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04109.x; Fischer K, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P375, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0913-9; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; Haag CR, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P2449, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3235; Hanski I, 2006, J ANIM ECOL, V75, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01024.x; Hanski I, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P958, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00654.x; Hanski I, 2002, OIKOS, V98, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980109.x; Hanski I., 1999, METAPOPULATION ECOLO; HANSKI I, 2006, PLOS BIOL, V4, DOI UNSP 0719-0726; Hill JK, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V121, P165, DOI 10.1007/s004420050918; Hughes CL, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, pS147, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0049; Jimenez-Perez A, 2003, J INSECT BEHAV, V16, P797, DOI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000018321.81949.25; Karlsson B, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2931, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2931:NGRBAR]2.0.CO;2; Kuussaari M, 1998, OIKOS, V82, P384, DOI 10.2307/3546980; Kuussaari M, 2004, ON THE WINGS OF CHECKERSPOTS: A MODEL SYSTEM FOR POPULATION BIOLOGY, P138; Kuussaari M., 1998, THESIS U HELSINKI HE; LAVIE B, 1978, CAN J GENET CYTOL, V20, P589, DOI 10.1139/g78-068; MOLE S, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P573, DOI 10.2307/2389917; MOLE S, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF00321201; Nieminen M, 2004, ON THE WINGS OF CHECKERSPOTS: A MODEL SYSTEM FOR POPULATION BIOLOGY, P63; PALMER JO, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1805, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02629.x; Roff D.A., 1991, AM ZOOL, V31, P343; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff DA, 2007, BIOSCIENCE, V57, P155, DOI 10.1641/B570210; Saastamoinen M, 2007, ECOL ENTOMOL, V32, P235, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00865.x; *SAS I, 1999, SAS STAT SOFTW US GU; Tammaru T, 1996, ECOL ENTOMOL, V21, P185, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1996.tb01186.x; Tammaru T, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V133, P430, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-1057-7; WIKLUND C, 1993, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V33, P25, DOI 10.1007/BF00164343; Zera AJ, 1997, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V42, P207, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.207; Zera AJ, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P95, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006; ZIEGLER JR, 1976, EVOLUTION, V30, P579, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1976.tb00935.x	39	45	45	1	32	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0029-8549			OECOLOGIA	Oecologia	SEP	2007	153	3					569	578		10.1007/s00442-007-0772-5				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	201DP	WOS:000248812000008	17566782				2018-11-12	
J	Allen, JD; McAlister, JS				Allen, Jonathan D.; McAlister, Justin S.			Testing rates of planktonic versus benthic predation in the field	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY			English	Article						benthic; larvae; life history; planktonic; predation	MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SWIMMING RHYTHMS; LIFE HISTORIES; EVOLUTION; DISPERSAL; CANCER; CRAB; RECRUITMENT	Predation is a major source of mortality for the eggs, embryos, and larvae of marine invertebrates. Many studies have measured rates of predation on the developmental stages of marine invertebrates in the lab, but few studies have estimated predation rates in the field. Field studies of predation on developmental stages have generally been limited to organisms in a single environment, with few comparisons of equivalent prey items between habitats. These limitations have prevented comparisons of the relative risks of development in planktonic and benthic habitats. To determine the relative risks of predation for free-living eggs, embryos, and larvae, we measured loss rates for agarose baits flavored with the eggs of two species of marine invertebrates on separate coasts of the United States. First, we deployed agarose baits flavored with eggs of the sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz), in planktonic and benthic habitats in Parks Bay, Shaw Island, Washington. We subsequently deployed agarose baits flavored with eggs of the sipunculan Phascolopsis gouldii (Fisher), in planktonic and benthic habitats in Ewin Narrows, Harpswell, Maine. In addition, we measured loss rates of live, tethered megalopae of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister (Dana) in Washington. For both agarose baits and tethered megalopae, loss rates were highest in benthic habitats. Loss rates of agarose baits flavored with sand dollar eggs were nearly two times greater on the benthos than in the plankton. Loss rates of agarose baits flavored with sipunculan eggs were 13 times greater on the benthos than in the plankton. Loss rates of tethered megalopae were 12 times greater on the benthos than in the plankton during the day, and were 28 times greater for benthic megalopae than for planktonic megalopae at night. These results Support a basic, yet previously untested assumption of life-history theory, that rates of predation on developmental stages of marine invertebrates are greater on the benthos than in the plankton. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.	Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA	Allen, JD (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, 6500 Coll Stn, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.	jallen@bowdoin.edu					Acosta CA, 1999, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V44, P494, DOI 10.4319/lo.1999.44.3.0494; ARONSON RB, 1995, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V121, P307, DOI 10.3354/meps121307; ARONSON RB, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P856, DOI 10.2307/1941354; BOLLENS SM, 1991, DIEL VERTICAL MIGRAT, P1359; Bullard SG, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V225, P17, DOI 10.3354/meps225017; CASWELL H, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P529, DOI 10.1086/283733; CHRISTIANSEN FB, 1979, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V16, P267, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(79)90017-0; CHRISTOPHER P, 1982, WATER RESOUR RES, V18, P489; COSTELLO DP, 1971, METHODS OBTAINING HA; EMLET RB, 1986, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V31, P245, DOI 10.3354/meps031245; Forward RB, 1997, MAR BIOL, V127, P621, DOI 10.1007/s002270050052; HAVENHAND JN, 1993, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V97, P247, DOI 10.3354/meps097247; HOBBS RC, 1992, MAR BIOL, V112, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF00356287; Johnson KB, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V248, P125, DOI 10.3354/meps248125; Levitan DR, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P175, DOI 10.1086/303376; McEdward LR, 1997, AM NAT, V150, P48, DOI 10.1086/286056; Morgan Steven G., 1995, P279; Motro R, 2005, CORAL REEFS, V24, P95, DOI 10.1007/s00338-004-0451-5; NEILL WE, 1990, NATURE, V345, P524, DOI 10.1038/345524a0; OLSON RR, 1987, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V110, P245, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(87)90004-9; Park W, 2005, ESTUARIES, V28, P266, DOI 10.1007/BF02732860; Pechenik JA, 1999, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V177, P269, DOI 10.3354/meps177269; PECHENIK JA, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P859, DOI 10.1086/283533; PETERSON CH, 1994, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V111, P289, DOI 10.3354/meps111289; Peterson KJ, 2005, GEOLOGY, V33, P929, DOI 10.1130/G21697.1; RUMRILL SS, 1990, OPHELIA, V32, P163, DOI 10.1080/00785236.1990.10422030; SHANKS AL, 1986, MAR BIOL, V92, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF00392836; SIGNOR PW, 1994, PALEOBIOLOGY, V20, P297; STRATHMANN MF, 1987, REPROD DEV MARINE IN; Strathmann RR, 2002, B MAR SCI, V70, P377; STRATHMANN RR, 1985, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V16, P339, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.002011; STRATHMANN RR, 1982, ESTUARINE COMPARISON, V18, P521; THORSON G, 1950, BIOL REV, V25, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1950.tb00585.x; VANCE RR, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P339, DOI 10.1086/282838; Werner E.E., 1988, P60; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; YOUNG CM, 1987, REPRODUCTION MARINE, V9, P385; Zeng CS, 1996, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V136, P69, DOI 10.3354/meps136069; ZIMMERFAUST RK, 1994, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V111, P299, DOI 10.3354/meps111299	39	29	29	0	15	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	AMSTERDAM	PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	0022-0981			J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL	J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.	AUG 24	2007	347	1-2					77	87		10.1016/j.jembe.2007.03.010				11	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	184TX	WOS:000247666600007					2018-11-12	
J	Aira, M; Dominguez, J; Monroy, F; Velando, A				Aira, Manuel; Dominguez, Jorge; Monroy, Fernando; Velando, Alberto			Stress promotes changes in resource allocation to growth and reproduction in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with indeterminate growth	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						body condition; compensatory growth; current reproduction; earthworms; iteroparity; life-history trade-off; residual reproductive value	EISENIA-ANDREI OLIGOCHAETA; SNAIL ARIANTA-ARBUSTORUM; LIFE-HISTORY; EARTHWORM; LUMBRICIDAE; FOETIDA; SIZE; EVOLUTION; ANIMALS; HABITAT	In iteroparous animals, investment in growth is compromised by investment in reproduction, especially in species with indeterminate growth. Life-history theory predicts that growth should be favoured over reproduction, assuming size-related fecundity or survival. Hence, increase body condition represents an increase in reproductive potential. Simultaneous hermaphrodites should adjust their resource allocation to each sex function in response to current conditions but, recently, it has been suggested that, in hermaphrodites, gender allocation should be considered as a three-way trade-off, including the investment in somatic growth. Due to the higher costs involved, the female function is affected to a greater extent by environmentally stressful conditions rather than the male function. To examine this, we induced stress in the hermaphroditic earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) and looked for changes in resource allocation in nonreproductive and reproductive individuals. Experimental stress was induced by using tweezers to elicit contractile escape movements. We predicted that stressed earthworms would preferentially allocate resources to growth. In nonreproductive individuals, however, stress had a negative effect on growth, although weight recovery was rapid once manipulation ceased, indicating the importance of body condition, as well as the existence of mechanisms of compensatory growth for growth trajectories in this earthworm species. The response of reproductive individuals was consistent with our expectation: (1) stressed worms maintained their growth rate at the expense of current reproduction and (2) stressed earthworms laid 25% fewer cocoons, which were 30% lighter than cocoons laid by control earthworms. The present results suggest that E. fetida regulates its reproductive effort and that future reproduction has more impact on its fitness than current reproduction. The trade-off between current and future reproduction should be taken into consideration in models of sex allocation in simultaneous hermaphrodites. (C) 2007 The Linnean Society of London.	Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, E-36310 Vigo, Spain	Aira, M (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.	aira@uvigo.es	Dominguez, Jorge/M-2046-2014; Velando, Alberto/B-1701-2009; Aira, Manuel/B-4506-2016	Dominguez, Jorge/0000-0002-4313-8582; Velando, Alberto/0000-0001-8909-0724; Aira, Manuel/0000-0002-2513-4609			Alvarez D, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P601, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2991; BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; BAUR B, 1988, INT J INVER REP DEV, V14, P197, DOI 10.1080/01688170.1988.10510378; BAUR B, 1988, J ANIM ECOL, V57, P71, DOI 10.2307/4764; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV E L, 1982; CHARNOV EL, 1979, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V76, P2480, DOI 10.1073/pnas.76.5.2480; DeWitt TJ, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V51, P345, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0033; Dominguez J, 2003, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V47, P530, DOI 10.1016/S0031-4056(04)70233-4; Dominguez J, 1997, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V29, P743, DOI 10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00276-3; Dominguez J, 1997, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V41, P566; Dominguez Jorge, 2004, P401; FISHER R. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1976, Q REV BIOL, V51, P3, DOI 10.1086/409052; Tato A, 2006, EUR J SOIL BIOL, V42, pS331, DOI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2006.07.010; Tomiyama K, 1996, J MOLLUS STUD, V62, P101, DOI 10.1093/mollus/62.1.101; Trouve S, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1599, DOI [10.2307/2640905, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05423.x]; VANGESTEL CAM, 1992, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V36, P109; VENTER JM, 1988, S AFR J ZOOL, V23, P161; Vreys C, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1559, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0217; Wedekind C, 1998, PARASITOLOGY, V117, P373, DOI 10.1017/S0031182098003114; West HK, 2003, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V47, P535; WILLIAMS R, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S; Yund PO, 1997, BIOL BULL-US, V192, P290, DOI 10.2307/1542722; Yusa Yoichi, 1994, Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, V36, P249	51	10	11	1	16	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	0024-4066			BIOL J LINN SOC	Biol. J. Linnean Soc.	AUG	2007	91	4					593	600		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00822.x				8	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	198AR	WOS:000248599900005		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Gangestad, SW				Gangestad, Steven W.			Life-history theory and evolutionary genetics	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY			English	Editorial Material								Penke et al. (this issue) argue that evolutionary genetics offers important insights into the fundamental nature of personality-how people adaptively adjust to their life circumstances in particular ways, as well as failures to adapt. I strongly endorse this enterprise. It is particularly promising, I suggest, when embedded within life history theory (LHT), a broad evolutionary framework to understand selection on organisms. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Gangestad, SW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	sgangest@unm.edu						0	0	0	0	1	JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD	CHICHESTER	THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND	0890-2070			EUR J PERSONALITY	Eur. J. Personal.	AUG	2007	21	5					601	603						3	Psychology, Social	Psychology	220CL	WOS:000250134400009					2018-11-12	
J	Penke, L; Denissen, JJA; Miller, GF				Penke, Lars; Denissen, Jaap J. A.; Miller, Geoffrey F.			Evolution, genes, and inter-disciplinary personality research	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY			English	Editorial Material							LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; ADAPTIVE INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CROSS-CULTURAL TWIN; NATURAL-SELECTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BRAIN SIZE; FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM; FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM	Most commentaries welcomed an evolutionary genetic approach to personality, but several raised concerns about our integrative model. In response, we clarify the scientific status of evolutionary genetic theory and explain the plausibility and value of our evolutionary genetic model of personality, despite some shortcomings with the currently available theories and data. We also have a closer look at mate choice for personality traits, point to promising ways to assess evolutionarily relevant environmental factors and defend higher-order personality domains and the g-factor as the best units for evolutionary genetic analyses. Finally, we discuss which extensions of and alternatives to our model appear most fruitful, and end with a call for more inter-disciplinary personality research grounded in evolutionary theory. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany; Int Max Planck Res Sch LIFE, Berlin, Germany; Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Penke, L (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany.		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J. Personal.	AUG	2007	21	5					639	665		10.1002/per.657				27	Psychology, Social	Psychology	220CL	WOS:000250134400025					2018-11-12	
J	Townsend, HM; Anderson, DJ				Townsend, Howard M.; Anderson, David J.			Assessment of costs of reproduction in a pelagic seabird using multistate mark-recapture models	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Galapagos; life-history theory; sex ratio; sex-specific survival; statistical model	BOOBIES SULA-GRANTI; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CALIFORNIA GULL; NAZCA BOOBY; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES; ANIMALS; PARENTS	We used a long-term population band-resight survey database, a parallel reproduction database, and multistate mark-recapture analysis to assess the costs of reproduction, a keystone concept of life-history evolution, in Nazca boobies (Sula granti) from Punta Cevallos, Isla Espanola, Galapagos, Ecuador. We used eight years of resight and breeding data to compare models that included sex- and state-specific survival probabilities and probabilities of transition between reproductive states using multistate mark-recapture models. Models that included state-specific effects were compared with models lacking such effects to evaluate costs of reproduction. The top model, optimizing the trade-off of model simplicity and fit to the data using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), showed evidence of a temporally varying survival cost of reproduction: nonbreeders showed higher annual survival than breeders did in some years. Because increasing investment among breeders showed no negative association with survival and subsequent breeding success, this evidence indicates a cost to both males and females of initiating, but not of continuing, a reproductive attempt. In some cases, breeders reaching the highest reproductive state (fledging an offspring) showed higher survival or subsequent breeding success than did failed breeders, consistent with differences in overall quality that promote both survival and reproduction. Although a male-biased adult sex ratio was observed in this population of Nazca boobies, models of state- and sex-specific survival and transition probabilities were not supported, indicating that males and females do not incur different costs of reproduction, and that the observed sex ratio bias is not due to sex-specific adult mortality.	Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA	Townsend, HM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake Bay Off Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tavecchia G, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P165, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0165:SAARVI]2.0.CO;2; TOWNSEND H, IN PRESS BEHAV ECOLO; TOWNSEND HM, 2004, THESIS WAKE FOREST U; Trivers R., 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; Viallefont A, 1995, J APPL STAT, V22, P847, DOI 10.1080/02664769524667; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; White GC, 1978, USERS MANUAL PROGRAM; WHITE GC, 2002, PROGRAM MARK VERSION; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WILSON K, 2002, CONCEPTS RES METHODS, P48; Yoccoz NG, 2002, J APPL STAT, V29, P57, DOI 10.1080/02664760120108458	53	20	20	1	17	SOC STUDY EVOLUTION	LAWRENCE	810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA	0014-3820			EVOLUTION	Evolution	AUG	2007	61	8					1956	1968		10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00169.x				13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	198AV	WOS:000248600300015	17683437	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Charmantier, A; Keyser, AJ; Promislow, DEL				Charmantier, Anne; Keyser, Amber J.; Promislow, Daniel E. L.			First evidence for heritable variation in cooperative breeding behaviour	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						cooperative breeding; heritability; life-history theory; lifespan; Sialia mexicana; western bluebirds	WESTERN BLUEBIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; SEYCHELLES WARBLER; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SIALIA-MEXICANA; ANIMAL-MODEL; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; HELPERS	Understanding the evolution of complex social behaviours, such as cooperative breeding, is a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology, which has attracted much theoretical and empirical interest. Variation within and between species in the frequency of helping behaviour has been typically associated with variation in direct costs and benefits due to ecological constraints, or with indirect fitness payoffs (i.e. kin selection). Here, we provide the first evidence that individual variation in cooperative behaviour within a natural population also has a heritable component. Using a seven-generation pedigree in a wild population of western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana), we show significant heritable variation for the propensity to help rather than breed, as well as for the probability of having a helper at the nest. We also document a strong positive relationship between a bird's lifespan and its prospect of receiving help when breeding, in accordance with earlier comparative studies across species. These findings provide useful insights into the possible mechanisms which have led to the evolution of cooperative breeding and other social systems.	Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA	Charmantier, A (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.	anne.charmantier@cefe.cnrs.fr		Promislow, Daniel/0000-0001-7088-4495			Agrawal AF, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P1710, DOI 10.1126/science.1059910; ANDERSSON M, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P165, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.001121; Arnold KE, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P739, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0355; BROWN JL, 1987, HELPING COMMUNAL BRE; Cockburn A, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1375, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3458; Cockburn A, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P2207, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2503; Cockburn A, 1996, FRONTIERS OF POPULATION ECOLOGY, P451; Cockburn A, 1998, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V29, P141, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.141; Covas R, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P827, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2652; Dickinson JL, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P95, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00320.x; Dickinson JL, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V68, P373, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.07.022; Dickinson JL, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P233, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh001; DUPLESSIS MA, 1991, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V28, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF00175102; EDWARDS JH, 1969, BRIT MED BULL, V25, P58, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070672; EDWARDS SV, 1993, AM NAT, V141, P754, DOI 10.1086/285504; Ekman J, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P1117, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3431; Falconer DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; Fink S, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P10956, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0602380103; GILMOUR AR, 2002 ASREML USER GUI; HILL WG, 1977, BIOMETRICS, V33, P234; Keyser AJ, 2004, AUK, V121, P118, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0118:LVADIW]2.0.CO;2; KEYSER AJ, UNPUB S FEEDING INCR; KNOTT SA, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P122, DOI 10.2307/2390099; Koenig W., 2004, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION CO; Komdeur J, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P3, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2211; KOMDEUR J, 1992, NATURE, V358, P493, DOI 10.1038/358493a0; Komdeur J, 2006, ETHOLOGY, V112, P729, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01243.x; Kraaijeveld K, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V61, P109, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1591; Krieger MJB, 2002, SCIENCE, V295, P328, DOI 10.1126/science.1065247; Kruuk LEB, 2004, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V359, P873, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2003.1437; Lim MM, 2005, HORM BEHAV, V48, P84; Lynch M, 1998, GENETICS ANAL QUANTI; MacColl ADC, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P2191; Maynard Smith J, 1995, MAJOR TRANSITIONS EV; Nicholls JA, 2000, J AVIAN BIOL, V31, P165, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310208.x; SAPPINGTON JN, 1977, WILSON BULL, V89, P300; Sih A, 2004, Q REV BIOL, V79, P241, DOI 10.1086/422893; Stacey P., 1990, COOPERATIVE BREEDING; Trivers R., 1972, PARENTAL INVESTMENT, P136	39	32	32	2	41	ROYAL SOCIETY	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P R SOC B	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUL 22	2007	274	1619					1757	1761		10.1098/rspb.2007.0012				5	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	178IJ	WOS:000247214100011	17490945	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Pettay, JE; Helle, S; Jokela, J; Lummaa, V				Pettay, Jenni E.; Helle, Samuli; Jokela, Jukka; Lummaa, Virpi			Natural Selection on Female Life-History Traits in Relation to Socio-Economic Class in Pre-Industrial Human Populations	PLOS ONE			English	Article								Life-history theory predicts that resource scarcity constrains individual optimal reproductive strategies and shapes the evolution of life-history traits. In species where the inherited structure of social class may lead to consistent resource differences among family lines, between-class variation in resource availability should select for divergence in optimal reproductive strategies. Evaluating this prediction requires information on the phenotypic selection and quantitative genetics of life-history trait variation in relation to individual lifetime access to resources. Here, we show using path analysis how resource availability, measured as the wealth class of the family, affected the opportunity and intensity of phenotypic selection on the key life-history traits of women living in pre-industrial Finland during the 1800s and 1900s. We found the highest opportunity for total selection and the strongest selection on earlier age at first reproduction in women of the poorest wealth class, whereas selection favoured older age at reproductive cessation in mothers of the wealthier classes. We also found clear differences in female life-history traits across wealth classes: the poorest women had the lowest age-specific survival throughout their lives, they started reproduction later, delivered fewer offspring during their lifetime, ceased reproduction younger, had poorer offspring survival to adulthood and, hence, had lower fitness compared to the wealthier women. Our results show that the amount of wealth affected the selection pressure on female life-history in a pre-industrial human population.	[Pettay, Jenni E.; Helle, Samuli] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland; [Jokela, Jukka] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, Dubendorf, Switzerland; [Jokela, Jukka] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol IBZ, Zurich, Switzerland; [Lummaa, Virpi] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Pettay, JE (reprint author), Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland.	jenni.pettay@utu.fi			The Academy of Finland; The Finnish Cultural Foundation; The Royal Society	This work was supported by The Academy of Finland (V.L., S.H., J.J. and J.E.P.), The Finnish Cultural Foundation (J.E.P) and The Royal Society (V.L.).	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J	Smith, CR				Smith, Christopher R.			Energy use and allocation in the Florida harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius: are stored seeds a buffer?	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						supplementation; starvation; seeds; sex ratio; sex allocation	COLONY SIZE; SEX-RATIOS; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; MATING FREQUENCY; SOCIAL INSECT; FOREST ANTS; FOOD; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE	Limitation of a necessary resource can affect an organism's investment into growth and reproduction. Pogonomyrmex harvester ants store vast quantities of seeds in their nests that are thought to buffer the ants when external resources are not available. This research uses externally controlled food availability to examine how resource shortage affects colony investment, resource use, and resource distribution within the nest. Colonies were either starved or supplemented with resources for 2 months, beginning at the onset of reproductive investment and ending immediately before nuptial flights. Fed colonies invested more in overall production, proportionally more in reproduction relative to growth and in female reproductives relative to males. Stored seeds in starved colonies did not buffer production in this study. However, worker fat reserves were depleted in starved colonies, indicating that fat reserves fuel the spring bout of production. In starved colonies, worker fat reserves were depleted evenly throughout the nest, distributing the burden of starvation on all workers regardless of caste and age. A reallocation of diploid eggs into female workers rather than reproductives best explains the observed change in sex ratio investment between treatments. The redistribution of resources into growth relative to reproduction in starved colonies is consistent with life history theory for long-lived organisms, switching from current to future reproduction when resources are scarce.	Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA	Smith, CR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 515 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.	crsmith@life.uiuc.edu					Abell AJ, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P535, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03788.x; Amdam GV, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P11350, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0403073101; Anderson KE, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P13433, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0606055103; Aron S, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P831, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00545.x; BACKUS VL, 1992, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V30, P425; Bono JM, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P811, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2287; BOOMSMA JJ, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P517, DOI 10.1086/284933; BOOMSMA JJ, 1982, J ANIM ECOL, V51, P975, DOI 10.2307/4017; Brown WD, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V60, P612, DOI 10.1007/s00265-006-0204-2; Cahan SH, 2004, CURR BIOL, V14, P2277, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.027; Cole BJ, 2000, INSECT SOC, V47, P249, DOI 10.1007/PL00001711; DAVIDSON DW, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P711, DOI 10.2307/1936208; DAVIDSON DW, 1982, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF00302813; DESLIPPE RJ, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P375, DOI 10.2307/1941196; Diamond J, 1999, GUNS GERMS STEEL FAT; Gadau J, 2003, MOL ECOL, V12, P1931, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01853.x; Gilboa S, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V146, P667, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0139-8; HERBERS JM, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P178, DOI 10.1086/285091; Herbers JM, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P145, DOI 10.2307/3546555; HURLY TA, 1992, BEHAV ECOL, V3, P181, DOI 10.1093/beheco/3.2.181; Julian GE, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P8157, DOI 10.1073/pnas.112222099; MACKAY W P, 1981, Psyche (Cambridge), V88, P25, DOI 10.1155/1981/78635; MACKAY WP, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V66, P484, DOI 10.1007/BF00379338; MACKAY WP, 1983, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V56, P538; MACKAY WP, 1984, SOCIOBIOLOGY, V9, P31; MacMahon JA, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P265, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.265; Markiewicz DA, 2001, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V187, P327, DOI 10.1007/s003590100204; Morales MA, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P734, DOI 10.2307/176966; MUNGER JC, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V90, P276, DOI 10.1007/BF00317186; NONACS P, 1986, Q REV BIOL, V61, P1, DOI 10.1086/414723; Ode PJ, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V51, P548, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0462-6; PORTER SD, 1981, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V9, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF00299879; Rheindt FE, 2005, INSECT SOC, V52, P163, DOI 10.1007/s00040-004-0787-4; Rheindt FE, 2004, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V56, P472, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0808-3; Rosenheim JA, 1996, AM NAT, V148, P501, DOI 10.1086/285937; Sanders NJ, 2004, ECOL ENTOMOL, V29, P632, DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2004.00641.x; Schwander T, 2006, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V19, P402, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01023.x; Smith CR, 2006, J INSECT SCI, V6, DOI 10.1673/2006_06_32.1; SMITH CC, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P329, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.001553; Smith CR, 2007, ECOL ENTOMOL, V32, P105, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2006.00845.x; Smith CR, 2005, J INSECT BEHAV, V18, P859, DOI 10.1007/s10905-005-8745-1; *STATSOFT, 2004, STATISTICA DAT AN SO; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Toth AL, 2005, ANIM BEHAV, V69, P427, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.03.017; TRIVERS RL, 1976, SCIENCE, V191, P249, DOI 10.1126/science.1108197; Tschinkel WR, 1999, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V92, P80, DOI 10.1093/aesa/92.1.80; TSCHINKEL WR, 1993, ECOL MONOGR, V63, P425, DOI 10.2307/2937154; Tschinkel WR, 1998, INSECT SOC, V45, P385, DOI 10.1007/s000400050097; Tschinkel WR, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P222, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00184.x; Volny VP, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P6108, DOI 10.1073/pnas.092066699; Wagner D, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V119, P175, DOI 10.1007/s004420050774; WHITFORD WG, 1978, ECOLOGY, V59, P185, DOI 10.2307/1936647; Wiernasz DC, 2004, MOL ECOL, V13, P1601, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02153.x; Wiernasz DC, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P324; Wilson EO, 1990, ANTS	55	17	17	0	7	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0340-5443			BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	JUL	2007	61	9					1479	1487		10.1007/s00265-007-0380-8				9	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	178YJ	WOS:000247256000017					2018-11-12	
J	Heppell, SS				Heppell, Selina S.			Elasticity analysis of green sturgeon life history	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						Acipenser medirostris; elasticity analysis; demography; life history; harvest	POPULATION VIABILITY; CONSERVATION; MODEL; EXTINCTION; MARINE; RISK	I provide an analysis of a simplified life history model for green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, based on published and recent estimates of reproduction and growth rates and survival rates from life history theory. The deterministic life cycle models serve as a tool for qualitative analysis of the impacts of perturbations on green sturgeon, including harvest regulations based on minimum and maximum size limits ("slot limits"). Elasticity analysis of models with two alternative age-length relationships give similar results, with a high sensitivity of population growth rate to changes in the survival rate of subadult and adult fish. A dramatic increase in the survival of young of the year sturgeon or annual egg production is required to compensate for relatively low levels of fishing mortality. Peak reproductive values occur from ages 25 to 40. An increase or decrease in the maximum and minimum size limits can have a profound effect on the elasticity of population growth to changes in the annual survival rate of age classes specified by the slot, due to changes in the number of age classes of subadults and adults that are available for harvest. This analysis provides managers with a simple tool to assess the relative impacts of alternative harvest regulations. In general, green sturgeon follow life history patterns similar to other sturgeon, but species-specific demographic information is needed to produce more complex assessment and viability analysis models.	Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA	Heppell, SS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.	selina.heppell@oregonstate.edu					Berkeley SA, 2004, FISHERIES, V29, P23, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[23:FSVPOA]2.0.CO;2; Boreman J, 1997, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V48, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1007345806559; CASWELL H, 1984, AQUACULTURE, V43, P123, DOI 10.1016/0044-8486(84)90016-4; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CROUSE DT, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1412, DOI 10.2307/1939225; de Kroon H, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P607, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0607:EAROMA]2.0.CO;2; DEKROON H, 1986, ECOLOGY, V67, P1427, DOI 10.2307/1938700; ERICKSON DL, 2006, ENV BIOL FISH; FARR RA, 2002, F178R OR DEP FISH WI; Ferriere R, 1996, ACTA OECOL, V17, P629; Groom Martha J., 1998, P4; Gross MR, 2002, AM FISH S S, V28, P13; Heppell Selina S., 2000, P148, DOI 10.1007/0-387-22648-6_10; Heppell SS, 1998, COPEIA, P367, DOI 10.2307/1447430; Heppell SS, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P654, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0654:LHAEPP]2.0.CO;2; Heppell SS, 1999, AM FISH S S, V23, P137; Jager HI, 2001, ECOL MODEL, V144, P61, DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00362-3; Jager HI, 2001, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V60, P347, DOI 10.1023/A:1011036127663; Morris WF, 2002, QUANTITATIVE CONSERV; Musick JA, 2000, FISHERIES, V25, P6, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446(2000)025<0006:MEADFS>2.0.CO;2; Perrins C. M., 1991, BIRD POPULATION STUD, P594; Pine WE, 2001, T AM FISH SOC, V130, P1164, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<1164:PVOTGO>2.0.CO;2; Reed JM, 2002, CONSERV BIOL, V16, P7, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.99419.x; RIEN TA, 2001, F178R OR DEP FISH WI; ROOT KV, 2002, BIOL MANAGEMENT PROT; SCHEMSKE DW, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P584, DOI 10.2307/1941718; *USFWS, 1993, KLAM RIV FISH INV 19; Van Eenennaam JP, 2006, T AM FISH SOC, V135, P151, DOI 10.1577/T05-030.1; VANWINKLE W, 2002, BIOL MANAGEMENT PROT	29	12	14	1	20	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0378-1909			ENVIRON BIOL FISH	Environ. Biol. Fishes	JUL-AUG	2007	79	3-4					357	368		10.1007/s10641-006-9052-1				12	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	200IO	WOS:000248757300014					2018-11-12	
J	Terblanche, JS; Janion, C; Chown, SL				Terblanche, J. S.; Janion, C.; Chown, S. L.			Variation in scorpion metabolic rate and rate-temperature relationships: implications for the fundamental equation of the metabolic theory of ecology	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						allometry; metabolic down-regulation; phenotypic plasticity; repeatability; scaling.	ALLOMETRIC SCALING LAWS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; WATER-LOSS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LABORATORY SELECTION; HSP70 EXPRESSION; COLD ADAPTATION; MOLECULAR CLOCK; LIFE-HISTORY	The fundamental equation of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) indicates that most of the variation in metabolic rate are a consequence of variation in organismal size and environmental temperature. Although evolution is thought to minimize energy costs of nutrient transport, its effects on metabolic rate via adaptation, acclimatization or acclimation are considered small, and restricted mostly to variation in the scaling constant, b(0). This contrasts strongly with many conclusions of evolutionary physiology and life-history theory, making closer examination of the fundamental equation an important task for evolutionary biologists. Here we do so using scorpions as model organisms. First, we investigate the implications for the fundamental equation Of metabolic rate variation and its temperature dependence in the scorpion Uroplectes carinatus following laboratory acclimation. During 22 days of acclimation at 25 degrees C metabolic rates declined significantly (from 127.4 to 78.2 mu W; P = 0.0001) whereas mean body mass remained constant (367.9-369.1 mg; P = 0.999). In field-fresh scorpions, metabolic rate-temperature (MRT) relationships varied substantially within and among individuals, and therefore had low repeatability values (tau = 0.02) and no significant among-individual variation (P = 0.181). However, acclimation resulted in a decline in within-individual variation of MRT slopes which subsequently revealed significant differences among individuals (P = 0.0031) and resulted in a fourfold increase in repeatability values (tau = 0.08). These results highlight the fact that MRT relationships can show substantial, directional variation within individuals over time. Using a randomization model we demonstrate that the reduction in metabolic rate with acclimation while body mass remains constant causes a decline both in the value of the mass-scaling exponent and the coefficient of determination. Furthermore, interspecific comparisons of activation energy, E, demonstrated significant variation in scorpions (0.09-1.14 eV), with a mean value of 0.77 eV, significantly higher than the 0.6-0.7 eV predicted by the fundamental equation. Our results add to a growing body of work questioning both the theoretical basis and empirical support for the MTE, and suggest that alternative models of metabolic rate variation incorporating explicit consideration of life history evolution deserve further scrutiny.	Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Bot & Zool, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Terblanche, JS (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Private Bag XI, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.	jst@sun.ac.za	Chown, Steven/H-3347-2011	Chown, Steven/0000-0001-6069-5105	NIAID NIH HHS [AI-52456]		Addo-Bediako A, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P332, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00634.x; Allen AP, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P9130, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0603587103; Allen AP, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P1545, DOI 10.1126/science.1072380; Branscome DD, 2005, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V30, P144, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2005.00439.x; Bridges CR, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P244, DOI 10.1086/639587; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Catala SS, 2004, MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ, V99, P25, DOI 10.1590/S0074-02762004000100005; Chaui-Berlinck JG, 2006, J EXP BIOL, V209, P3045, DOI 10.1242/jeb.02362; Chown S.L, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P562, DOI DOI 10.1046/J.1365-2435.2003.07431.X; Chown SL, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P159, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00825.x; CHOWN SL, 2007, IN PRESS FUNCT ECOL, V21; Clarke A, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P243, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00841.x; Clarke A, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01109.x; Clarke A, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P252, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00842.x; Cossins AH, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P990, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00526.x; Falconer DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; Feder ME, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P315, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.315; FEDER ME, 2003, NAT REV GENET, V4, P649, DOI DOI 10.1038/NRG1128; Gefen E, 2006, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V144, P58, DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.002; Gibbs AG, 1999, J EXP BIOL, V202, P2709; Gillooly JF, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P2248, DOI 10.1126/science.1061967; Gillooly JF, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P400, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01110.x; Gillooly JF, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P140, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0407735101; Glazier DS, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P611, DOI 10.1017/S1464793105006834; HADLEY NF, 1969, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V29, P217, DOI 10.1016/0010-406X(69)91737-X; HAMMACK L, 1991, J CHEM ECOL, V17, P2143, DOI 10.1007/BF00987997; Harshman LG, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P32, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01756-5; HAWKINS AJS, 1995, J THERM BIOL, V20, P23, DOI 10.1016/0306-4565(94)00023-C; Hochachka PW, 2002, BIOCH ADAPTATION MEC; Hodkinson ID, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P562, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.07431.x; Hoekstra HE, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9157, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161281098; Hoffmann AA, 2003, J THERM BIOL, V28, P175, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00057-8; Hoffmann AA, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P436; HUEY RB, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P751, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04343.x; KING WW, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P176, DOI 10.1086/physzool.52.2.30152562; Kingsolver JG, 1998, AM ZOOL, V38, P545; Kingsolver JG, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P87, DOI 10.1023/A:1013323318612; Kozlowski J, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00830.x; Kozlowski J, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P14080, DOI 10.1073/pnas.2334605100; Krebs C.J., 1999, ECOLOGICAL METHODOLG; Krebs RA, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P75, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00256.x; LEE RE, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P1415, DOI 10.1126/science.238.4832.1415; LESSELLS CM, 1987, AUK, V104, P116, DOI 10.2307/4087240; Lighton J.R.B, 1991, CONCISE ENCY BIOL BI, P201; Lighton JRB, 2001, J EXP BIOL, V204, P607; Makarieva AM, 2005, FUNCT ECOL, V19, P547, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01005.x; Marais E, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P4495, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01928; Matos M, 2000, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V13, P9, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00116.x; McKechnie AE, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P931, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3415; MCRAE TH, 2001, MOL MECH METABOLIC A, P169; Muller-Landau HC, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P589, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00915.x; Muller-Landau HC, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00904.x; PUNZO F, 1991, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V100, P833, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90300-2; Rako L, 2006, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V52, P94, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.09.007; Riddle W.A., 1978, Journal of Arid Environments, V1, P243; ROBERTSON HG, 1982, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V71, P605, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(82)90210-9; Roff D. 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I., 1999, PHYSL DIVERSITY ITS; Terblanche JS, 2006, AM J TROP MED HYG, V74, P786, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.786; Terblanche JS, 2005, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V51, P861, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.03.017; Terblanche JS, 2004, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V50, P637, DOI 10.1016/j.jinphys.2004.04.010; Thomas JA, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P7366, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0510261103; VANAARDT WJ, 1991, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V54, P129; West GB, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P1575, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01589; West GB, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P122, DOI 10.1126/science.276.5309.122; West-Eberhard MJ, 2003, DEV PLASTICITY EVOLU; White CR, 2006, BIOL LETTERS, V2, P125, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0378; Whitfield J, 2004, PLOS BIOL, V2, P2023, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020440; Zatsepina OG, 2001, J EXP BIOL, V204, P1869	73	34	41	1	44	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	JUL	2007	20	4					1602	1612		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01322.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	192CE	WOS:000248177600033	17584252	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Simmons, LW; Garcia-Gonzalez, F				Simmons, L. W.; Garcia-Gonzalez, F.			Female crickets trade offspring viability for fecundity	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						embryo viability; female fecundity; field crickets; life-history trade-off; maternal fitness; paternal effects; polyandry; sexual conflict	EGG SIZE; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; FIELD CRICKET; CLUTCH SIZE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; GRYLLUS-BIMACULATUS; SPERM COMPETITION; POLYANDRY; NUMBER; BENEFITS	A growing number of studies are suggesting that females can improve the viability of their embryos by mating with multiple males. However, the reason why females should have low rates of embryo viability is puzzling. Here we conduct a quantitative genetic study of maternal effects on embryo viability in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. After controlling for female body size, we find significant additive genetic variance for ovary weight, a measure of fecundity, and egg hatching success, a measure of embryo viability. Moreover, we show a genetic trade-off between these traits that is predicted from life-history theory. High rates of embryo mortality in this highly fecund species might therefore be explained by selection favouring an optimum balance between fecundity and embryo viability that maximizes maternal fitness. Paternal effects on female fecundity and embryo viability are often seen as benefits driving the evolution of polyandrous behaviour. However, we raise the alternative possibility that paternal effects might shift females from their naturally selected optimum, and present some support for the notion that sexual conflict over a female's optimal fecundity and embryo viability might generate antagonistic coevolution between the sexes.	Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolut Biol, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia	Simmons, LW (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolut Biol, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.	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Evol. Biol.	JUL	2007	20	4					1617	1623		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01320.x				7	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	192CE	WOS:000248177600035	17584254	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Brzek, P; Konarzewski, M				Brzek, Pawel; Konarzewski, Marek			Relationship between avian growth rate and immune response depends on food availability	JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						body mass increments; food availability; immune; response; life history; Riparia riparia; trade-off	NESTLING BARN SWALLOWS; MARTINS DELICHON-URBICA; TASTY CHICK HYPOTHESIS; RIPARIA-RIPARIA; HOUSE MARTINS; SAND MARTIN; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; LOCAL RECRUITMENT; HIRUNDO-RUSTICA	Life history theory predicts that when resources are limited growing organisms are likely to trade an immune response for competing demands of growth. To test this we examined the effect of energy intake on body mass increments and an immune response in hand-reared sand martin (Riparia riparia) nestlings. We subjected the nestlings to three different feeding regimes, mimicking the range of food availability in the wild, and then evaluated nestlings' immune response to phytohaemagglutinin ( PHA). Direction of correlation between the magnitude of PHA-induced swelling response and body mass increments depended on food availability: it was negative when food was scarce and positive when resources were plentiful. There was no significant correlation between the two traits under intermediate feeding conditions. We conclude that the relative cost of immune function in young birds depends on food availability and, therefore, may be modified by external factors such as weather conditions or hatching asynchrony.	Univ Bialystok, Dept Anim Ecol, PL-15950 Bialystok, Poland	Brzek, P (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 213 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.	pbrzek2@wisc.edu		Konarzewski, Marek/0000-0001-7428-6521			Birkhead TR, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P385, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0649; Brommer JE, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, pS110, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0103; BRYANT DM, 1975, IBIS, V117, P180, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1975.tb04206.x; Brzek P, 2004, AUK, V121, P1187, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1187:EOROGD]2.0.CO;2; Brzek P, 2001, J EXP BIOL, V204, P3065; Christe P, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P175, DOI 10.2307/3546559; Christe P, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V126, P333, DOI 10.1007/s004420000527; Cichon M, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P962, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00910.x; Fargallo JA, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P95, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00290.x; GEBHARDTHENRICH S, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV, P324; Gwinner H., 2006, Acta Zoologica Sinica, V52, P280; Hoi-Leitner M, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P333, DOI 10.1007/s002650000310; Horak P, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P905, DOI 10.1139/cjz-78-6-905; Kennedy MW, 2006, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V21, P653, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.017; Klasing K. 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Exp. Biol.	JUL 1	2007	210	13					2361	2367		10.1242/jeb.003517				7	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	193WC	WOS:000248304900022	17575041	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Fitzsimons, JD; Jonas, JL; Claramunt, RM; Williston, B; Williston, G; Marsden, JE; Ellrott, BJ; Honeyfield, DC				Fitzsimons, J. D.; Jonas, J. L.; Claramunt, R. M.; Williston, B.; Williston, G.; Marsden, J. E.; Ellrott, B. J.; Honeyfield, D. C.			Influence of egg predation and physical disturbance on lake trout Salvelinus namaycush egg mortality and implications for life-history theory	JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY			English	Article						eggs; Great Lakes; lake trout; predation; wind fetch	GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; GREAT-LAKES; SPAWNING HABITAT; ORCONECTES-PROPINQUUS; COTTUS-COGNATUS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; SLIMY SCULPIN; ROUND GOBY; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO	The influence of egg predators and physical disturbance on lake trout Salvelinus namaycush egg mortality was investigated in situ in Lake Michigan where recruitment is below detectable levels and egg predator abundance is high. Comparisons were made with Lake Champlain where recruitment is low and egg predator abundance is also low and with Parry Sound (Lake Huron) where recruitment is moderate and egg predators are in low abundance. A multi-density egg seeding method (100 to 5000 eggs m(-2)) was used to quantify the effect of physical disturbance and egg predation on egg loss. Wind fetch was used as an index of physical disturbance and comparisons across all locations and egg densities suggested that at sites with high wind fetch (> 5 km), physical disturbance may be a greater source of egg loss than predation. When analyses were limited to those sites having a wind fetch of < 5 km, the percentage of eggs recovered was found to be linearly related to predator density. The strength of this relationship was based largely on egg recovery at 500 and 1000 eggs m(-2) because recovery at lower (100, 250 eggs m(-2)) and very high (5000 eggs m(-2)) densities was not significantly related to predator density. The reason for this is probably that at low egg densities, crayfish Orconectes spp., the major egg predator at most sites, had difficulty finding and consuming eggs and at high egg densities they became satiated. Egg loss was directly related to wind fetch for Lake Michigan and on average six-fold greater than for Parry Sound suggesting that without corresponding changes in fecundity and age structure, lake trout populations in large lakes like Lake Michigan are inherently less productive than those from enclosed inland waters. (c) 2007 The Authors Journal compilation. (c) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.	Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada; Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA; Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA; US Geol Serv, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA	Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.	fitzsimonsj@dfo-mpo.gc.ca					BALON EK, 1980, CHARRS SALMONID FISH, P462; Biga H, 1998, J GREAT LAKES RES, V24, P464, DOI 10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70836-6; Bronte C. 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Fish Biol.	JUL	2007	71	1					1	16		10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01437.x				16	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	181MW	WOS:000247441800001					2018-11-12	
J	Covas, R; Griesser, M				Covas, Rita; Griesser, Michael			Life history and the evolution of family living in birds	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Review						deferred reproduction; delayed dispersal; kin sociality; group living; parental nepotism; survival	JAY PERISOREUS-INFAUSTUS; DELAYED DISPERSAL; SIBERIAN JAY; ACORN WOODPECKER; HELPING-BEHAVIOR; NATAL DISPERSAL; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; OFFSPRING RETENTION; NATURAL-SELECTION	The reason why some bird species live in family groups is an important question of evolutionary biology that remains unanswered. Families arise when young delay the onset of independent reproduction and remain with their parents beyond independence. Explanations for why individuals forgo independent reproduction have hitherto focused on dispersal constraints, such as the absence of high-quality breeding openings. However, while constraints successfully explain within-population dispersal decisions, they fail as an ultimate explanation for variation in family formation across species. Most family-living species are long-lived and recent life-history studies demonstrated that a delayed onset of reproduction can be adaptive in long-lived species. Hence, delayed dispersal and reproduction might be an adaptive life-history decision rather than 'the best of a bad job'. Here, we attempt to provide a predictive framework for the evolution of families by integrating life-history theory into family formation theory. We suggest that longevity favours a delayed onset of reproduction and gives parents the opportunity of a prolonged investment in offspring, an option which is not available for short-lived species. Yet, parents should only prolong their investment in offspring if this increases offspring survival and outweighs the fitness cost that parents incur, which is only possible under ecological conditions, such as a predictable access to resources. We therefore propose that both life-history and ecological factors play a role in determining the evolution of family living across species, yet we suggest different mechanisms than those proposed by previous models.	Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; Univ Evora, CEA, Macroecol & Conservat Unit, P-7002554 Evora, Portugal; Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden	Covas, R (reprint author), CNRS, CEFE, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France.	rita.covas@cefe.cnrs.fr	Griesser, Michael/J-4542-2012; Griesser, Michael/E-4340-2012	Griesser, Michael/0000-0002-2220-2637; Covas, Rita/0000-0001-7130-144X			Alonso JC, 2004, J AVIAN BIOL, V35, P434, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03290.x; Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; Arnold KE, 1999, BEHAV ECOL, V10, P465, DOI 10.1093/beheco/10.5.465; Arnold KE, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P739, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0355; Baglione V, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1529, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3481; Baglione V, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P842, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00983.x; 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	JUN 7	2007	274	1616					1349	1357		10.1098/rspb.2007.0117				9	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	167UR	WOS:000246478500001	17374593	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Gotthard, K; Berger, D; Walters, R				Gotthard, Karl; Berger, David; Walters, Richard			What keeps insects small? Time limitation during oviposition reduces the fecundity benefit of female size in a butterfly	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						life-history theory; body size; growth trajectory; trade-off; fecundity; Lepidoptera	PARARGE-AEGERIA; BODY-SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; THERMOREGULATORY STRATEGIES; EVOLUTIONARY ARGUMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COLIAS BUTTERFLIES; FOOD LIMITATION; EGG LIMITATION	Laboratory studies of insects suggest that female fecundity may increase very rapidly with adult size and that mass may often increase close to exponentially with time during larval growth. These relationships make it difficult to see how realistic levels of larval mortality can outweigh the fecundity benefit of prolonged growth. Hence, it is unclear why many insects do not become bigger. In this study, we experimentally explore the relationship between female size and fecundity in the butterfly Pararge aegeria and show that thermally induced time limitation during oviposition may substantially reduce the fecundity benefit of larger females. We model time-limited oviposition under natural temperature conditions and show that fecundity is also likely to increase asymptotically with female size in the field. With realistic estimates of juvenile mortality, the model predicts optimal body sizes within the observed range even when larvae grow exponentially. We conclude that one important reason for why insects with a high capacity of larval growth do not evolve toward larger sizes may be that the fecundity benefit is in fact relatively limited under natural conditions. If so, these results may help resolve some of the inconsistencies between theory and empirical patterns in explaining optimal size in insects.	Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Gotthard, K (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	karl.gotthard@zoologi.su.se; david.berger@zoologi.su.se; richard.walters@zoo.ox.ac.uk	Gotthard, Karl/F-1163-2011	Gotthard, Karl/0000-0002-4560-6271			Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Angilletta MJ, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P234, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00087-9; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Berger D, 2006, EVOL ECOL, V20, P575, DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9118-8; Berwaerts K, 2001, J ZOOL, V255, P261, DOI 10.1017/S0952836901001327; Blanckenhorn WU, 2005, ETHOLOGY, V111, P977, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01147.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; BLAU WS, 1981, OECOLOGIA, V48, P116, DOI 10.1007/BF00346997; BOGGS CL, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P433, DOI 10.2307/1939305; Boggs CL, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V144, P353, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0076-6; CARROLL AL, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V93, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF00317676; COURTNEY SP, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P271, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00508.x; COX DR, 1972, J R STAT SOC B, V34, P187; D'Amico LJ, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1589, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1698; DAVIES NB, 1978, ANIM BEHAV, V26, P138, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(78)90013-1; Doak P, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P395, DOI 10.1890/05-0647; Ellers J, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P650, DOI 10.1086/316990; Ellers J, 2001, OIKOS, V92, P309, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920213.x; Esperk T, 2004, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V29, P56, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2004.0365.x; FEENY P, 1985, ECOL MONOGR, V55, P167, DOI 10.2307/1942556; Fox GA, 2001, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC, P253; Gibbs M, 2005, J INSECT SCI, V5, DOI 10.1093/jis/5.1.39; GILCHRIST GW, 1995, AM NAT, V146, P252, DOI 10.1086/285797; Gotthard K, 2001, EXPTL BIOL REV, P287; Gotthard K, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P36, DOI 10.1007/PL00008833; GOTTHARD K, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P71; HEINRICH B, 1986, ECOLOGY, V67, P593, DOI 10.2307/1937682; HONEK A, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P483, DOI 10.2307/3544943; Karlsson B, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00902.x; KARLSSON B, 1990, FUNCT ECOL, V4, P609, DOI 10.2307/2389728; KAZMER DJ, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P412, DOI 10.2307/1941200; Kemp DJ, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1707, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2775; Kingsolver JG, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P450, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.450; KINGSOLVER JG, 1984, ECOLOGY, V65, P1835, DOI 10.2307/1937780; KINGSOLVER JG, 1983, AM NAT, V121, P32, DOI 10.1086/284038; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; KRISTENSEN CO, 1994, J APPL ENTOMOL, V117, P92, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1994.tb00712.x; LEATHER SR, 1988, OIKOS, V51, P386, DOI 10.2307/3565323; Leimar O, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P228, DOI 10.2307/3546194; Margraf N, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P605, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00775.x; Migeon JC, 1999, MOL BIOL CELL, V10, P1733, DOI 10.1091/mbc.10.6.1733; NYLIN S, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V38, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01571.x; NYLIN S, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1414, DOI 10.2307/1940071; R Development Core Team, 2005, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Ratte H. 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JUN	2007	169	6					768	779		10.1086/516651				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	168WE	WOS:000246553900008	17479463				2018-11-12	
J	Pfenning, B; Poethke, HJ; Hovestadt, T				Pfenning, B.; Poethke, H. J.; Hovestadt, T.			Dealing with time constraints on development: the effect of food availability	ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY			English	Article						development time; phenotypic plasticity; seasonal habitats; water striders; wing dimorphism	AQUARIUS-REMIGIS HETEROPTERA; LIFE-HISTORY ADAPTATION; WATER STRIDER; BODY-SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SEASONAL ENVIRONMENT; ENERGY ACQUISITION; INTRINSIC GROWTH; TRADE-OFF; GERRIDAE	1. Life-history theory predicts that organisms should speed up development in response to time constraints. However, acceleration of development carries energetic costs that have to be compensated, e.g. by an increase in foraging rate. For the wing dimorphic water strider Gerris lacustris (L.), the hypothesis was tested that the adjustment of development to time constraints is limited by the availability of food resources. 2. Six cohorts of larvae hatched increasingly late in the season were reared under two feeding regimes. For each cohort and experimental group the physiological time (in degree-days) of larval development was estimated. 3. In both high- and low-food groups there was a significant reduction of physiological time for development towards the end of the season. Furthermore, within cohorts, physiological development time was always lower in the high-food group than in the low-food group. However, there was no significant interaction effect between food treatment and cohort. 4. The results demonstrate that G. lacustris has the flexibility to adjust development to time constraints. In addition, 20% of the 'low-food individuals' developed into the short-winged morph while all of the 'high-food individuals' became long-winged. The limitation of food may thus lead to a reduced allocation of energy into the development of the flight apparatus. This may explain the strong increase in short-wingedness at the end of the season in natural populations, which are highly food limited.	Univ Wurzburg, Field Stn Fabrikschleichach, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany	Pfenning, B (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Field Stn Fabrikschleichach, Rauhenebrach, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany.	pfenning@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de					Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; ANDERSON N, 1982, J HIST SOCIOL, V3, P1; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Berner D, 2004, ECOGRAPHY, V27, P733, DOI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04012.x; Billerbeck JM, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P210, DOI 10.1007/PL00008848; Blanckenhorn WU, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1394, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02021.x; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V97, P354, DOI 10.1007/BF00317325; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P1520, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02655.x; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1995, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V8, P21, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8010021.x; Carriere Y, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P463, DOI 10.2307/3545887; COHEN D, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P389, DOI 10.1086/282672; Danks H. 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J	Waelti, MO; Reyer, HU				Waelti, Marc Olivier; Reyer, Heinz-Ulrich			Food supply modifies the trade-off between past and future reproduction in a sexual parasite-host system (Rana esculenta, Rana lessonae)	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						life history theory; costs of reproduction; resource availability; metabolic rate; population dynamics	POPULATION-DYNAMICS; OFFSPRING SIZE; BODY CONDITION; FEMALE FROGS; ALLOCATION; CORTICOSTERONE; HYBRIDIZATION; MANIPULATION; TEMPORARIA; INVESTMENT	Life history theory is concerned with the costs of survival, growth and reproduction under different ecological conditions and the allocation of resources to meet these costs. Typical approaches used to address these topics include manipulation of food resources, followed by measures of subsequent reproductive traits, and measures of the relationship between current and future reproductive investment. Rarely, however, do studies test for the interaction of past investment, present resource availability and future investment simultaneously. Here, we investigate this interaction in females of a sexual parasite-host system consisting of the hybridogenetic frog Rana esculenta (E) and one of its parental species Rana lessonae (L). We kept females from each of two groups (with or without previous reproduction) under two food treatments (low or high) and regularly recorded their growth as well as their body condition and hormone titres as measures of future reproductive condition. After keeping them in hibernation until the following spring, we exposed the females to males, recorded whether they spawned or not and related this response to their condition in the previous autumn. Past reproduction negatively affected growth during summer and condition during autumn which, in turn, reduced the following year's reproductive output. These costs of previous reproduction were less pronounced under the high than under the low food treatment and lower in R. lessonae than in R. esculenta. Increasing food supply improved reproductive condition more in L than in E females. These species differences in reproductive costs and food requirements provide a mechanistic explanation for why E females skip annual reproduction almost twice as often as L females. Since R. esculenta is a sexual parasite that depends on R. lessonae for successful reproduction, these species-specific life history patterns not only affect individual fitness but also the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of mixed LE populations.	Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Reyer, HU (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.	ulireyer@zool.unizh.ch					ABT G, 2004, COPEIA, P638; Anholt BR, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P391, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0391:OSORLA]2.0.CO;2; Banks PB, 2004, OIKOS, V106, P176, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12679.x; Beckerman AP, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02469-2; Benton TG, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1351, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3081; Berger L., 1977, P367; BERGER L, 1980, FOLIA BIOL-KRAKOW, V28, P3; Berger Leszek, 1994, Amphibia-Reptilia, V15, P408, DOI 10.1163/156853894X00452; Bize P, 2004, J ANIM ECOL, V73, P1080, DOI 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00880.x; Blankenhorn H.J., 1977, P389; Brodmann PA, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V120, P506, DOI 10.1007/s004420050884; Brown CA, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P2184, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00397.x; Camargo A, 2005, ANN ZOOL FENN, V42, P513; Castellano S, 2004, COPEIA, P659, DOI 10.1643/CE-03-182R2; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1983, J ANIM ECOL, V52, P367, DOI 10.2307/4560; Covas R, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P827, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2652; DRENT RH, 1980, ARDEA, V68, P225; ELMBERG J, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P340, DOI 10.2307/2389805; Erelli MC, 2000, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V29, P476, DOI 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.476; Gatten Robert E. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Schmidt-Nielsen K., 1983, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT; SCHULTZ RJ, 1969, AM NAT, V103, P605, DOI 10.1086/282629; SINSCH U, 1983, THESIS U KOELN GERMA; Sinsch Ulrich, 1992, Salamandra, V28, P116; Snedecor G. W., 1980, STAT METHODS; Som C, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P34, DOI 10.1086/303372; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SVENSSON E, 1995, ANIM BEHAV, V49, P2569; Uller T, 2005, J ZOOL, V265, P295, DOI 10.1017/S0952836904006326; UZZELL T, 1975, P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA, V127, P13; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; VANDERKRAAK G, 1983, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V49, P470; Vorburger C, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P2319	63	15	15	0	10	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0029-8549			OECOLOGIA	Oecologia	JUN	2007	152	3					415	424		10.1007/s00442-007-0671-9				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	169TN	WOS:000246614700003	17333285				2018-11-12	
J	Wolf, M; van Doorn, GS; Leimar, O; Weissing, FJ				Wolf, Max; van Doorn, G. Sander; Leimar, Olof; Weissing, Franz J.			Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities	NATURE			English	Article							GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BEHAVIORAL-DIFFERENCES; DISRUPTIVE SELECTION; AVIAN PERSONALITIES; HERITABILITY; POPULATIONS; CONSEQUENCES; STICKLEBACKS; BOLDNESS	In recent years evidence has been accumulating that personalities are not only found in humans(1) but also in a wide range of other animal species(2-8). Individuals differ consistently in their behavioural tendencies and the behaviour in one context is correlated with the behaviour in multiple other contexts. From an adaptive perspective, the evolution of animal personalities is still a mystery, because a more flexible structure of behaviour should provide a selective advantage(9-11). Accordingly, many researchers view personalities as resulting from constraints imposed by the architecture of behaviour(7) (but see ref. 12). In contrast, we show here that animal personalities can be given an adaptive explanation. Our argument is based on the insight that the trade-off between current and future reproduction(13) often results in polymorphic populations(14) in which some individuals put more emphasis on future fitness returns than others. Life-history theory predicts that such differences in fitness expectations should result in systematic differences in risk-taking behaviour(15). Individuals with high future expectations (who have much to lose) should be more risk-averse than individuals with low expectations. This applies to all kinds of risky situations, so individuals should consistently differ in their behaviour. By means of an evolutionary model we demonstrate that this basic principle results in the evolution of animal personalities. It simultaneously explains the coexistence of behavioural types, the consistency of behaviour through time and the structure of behavioural correlations across contexts. Moreover, it explains the common finding that explorative behaviour and risk-related traits like boldness and aggressiveness are common characteristics of animal personalities(2-8).	Univ Groningen, Theoret Biol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands; Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Weissing, FJ (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Theoret Biol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands.	f.j.weissing@rug.nl	van Doorn, G. Sander/G-3247-2011; Leimar, Olof/L-3781-2014; Wolf, Max/L-4903-2013	van Doorn, G. Sander/0000-0002-4703-3788; Leimar, Olof/0000-0001-8621-6977; Weissing, Franz J./0000-0003-3281-663X			BAKKER TCM, 1986, BEHAVIOUR, V98, P1, DOI 10.1163/156853986X00937; Bell AM, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P464, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00817.x; Bell AM, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V68, P1339, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.05.007; BOISSY A, 1995, Q REV BIOL, V70, P165, DOI 10.1086/418981; CLARK CW, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P159, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.2.159; Coleman K, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P927, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0852; Dall SRX, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P734, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00618.x; Dingemanse NJ, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V64, P929, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.2006; Dingemanse NJ, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P847, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2680; Drent PJ, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P45, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2168; Gosling SD, 1999, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V8, P69, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00017; Gosling SD, 2001, PSYCHOL BULL, V127, P45, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.45; Groothuis TGG, 2005, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V29, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.06.010; Hedrick AV, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P671, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1054; HUNTINGFORD FA, 1976, ANIM BEHAV, V24, P245, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(76)80034-6; Koolhaas JM, 1999, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V23, P925, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(99)00026-3; McNamara JM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P745, DOI 10.1038/nature02432; Pervin LA, 1999, HDB PERSONALITY THEO; Rands SA, 2003, NATURE, V423, P432, DOI 10.1038/nature01630; Reale D, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V60, P589, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1530; Roff D. 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J	Hadley, GL; Rotella, JJ; Garrott, RA				Hadley, Gillian L.; Rotella, Jay J.; Garrott, Robert A.			Evaluation of reproductive costs for weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						breeding costs; breeding state; environmental variation; Leptonychotes weddellii; pinniped	KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; MCMURDO-SOUND; LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLI; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; BREEDING EXPERIENCE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; FUR SEALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY	1. Organisms balance current reproduction against future survival and reproduction, which results in life-history trade-offs. These trade-offs are also known as reproductive costs and may represent significant factors shaping life-history strategy for many species. 2. Using multistate mark-resight models and 26 years of mark-resight data (1979-2004), we estimated the costs of reproduction to survival and reproductive probabilities for Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica and evaluated whether this species either conformed to the 'prudent parent' reproductive strategy predicted by life-history theory for long-lived mammals or alternatively, incurred costs to survival in order to reproduce in a variable environment (flexible-strategy hypothesis). 3. Results strongly supported the presence of reproductive costs to survival (mean annual survival probability was 0.91 for breeders vs. 0.94 for nonbreeders), a notable difference for a long-lived mammal, demonstrating that investment in reproduction does result in a cost to survival for Weddell seals, contrary to the prudent parent hypothesis. 4. Reproductive costs to subsequent reproductive probabilities were also present for first-time breeders (mean probability of breeding the next year was 31.3% lower for first-time breeders than for experienced breeders), thus supporting our prediction of the influence of breeding experience. 5. We detected substantial annual variation in survival and breeding probabilities. Breeding probabilities were negatively influenced by summer sea-ice extent, whereas weak evidence suggested that survival probabilities were affected more by winter sea-ice extent, and the direction of this effect was negative. However, a model with annual variation unrelated to any of our climate or sea-ice covariates performed best, indicating that further study will be needed to determine the appropriate mechanism or combination of mechanisms underlying this annual variation.	Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA	Hadley, GL (reprint author), 27820 Southside Centennial Rd, Lima, MT 59739 USA.	gillian.hadley@gmail.com					Akaike H, 1973, INT S INF THEOR, P267, DOI DOI 10.2307/2334537; ARNASON A N, 1973, Researches on Population Ecology (Tokyo), V15, P1; ARNASON A N, 1972, Researches on Population Ecology (Tokyo), V13, P97; ARNASON AN, 1981, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V38, P1077, DOI 10.1139/f81-148; Arrigo KR, 2004, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V51, P117, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.04.003; Barbraud C, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P682, DOI 10.1890/04-0075; Beauplet G, 2006, OIKOS, V112, P430, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14412.x; Beauplet G, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P1160, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01016.x; BROWNIE C, 1993, BIOMETRICS, V49, P1173, DOI 10.2307/2532259; Burnham K. 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K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT ANIM; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WOOLLER RD, 1977, IBIS, V119, P339, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1977.tb08252.x	71	51	51	2	28	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0021-8790	1365-2656		J ANIM ECOL	J. Anim. Ecol.	MAY	2007	76	3					448	458		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01219.x				11	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	155WI	WOS:000245608900004	17439462	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Arnold, KE; Blount, JD; Metcalfe, NB; Orr, KJ; Adam, A; Houston, D; Monaghan, P				Arnold, Kathryn E.; Blount, Jonathan D.; Metcalfe, Neil B.; Orr, Kate J.; Adam, Aileen; Houston, David; Monaghan, Pat			Sex-specific differences in compensation for poor neonatal nutrition in the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata	JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							MATERNAL INVESTMENT; OFFSPRING SEX; POEPHILA-GUTTATA; SIZE DIMORPHISM; NESTLING DIET; GROWTH-RATES; RATIO; ATTRACTIVENESS; EVOLUTION; FEMALES	Individuals can compensate for poor early, nutrition by accelerating their growth rates once diet improves, but if malnutrition Occurs at a key stage of development only certain body structures may compensate fully. This degree of compensation is predicted to differ between the sexes and also between species with different life history strategies. In this paper we determine how males and females in a short-lived bird species, with only slight size dimorphism, differ in their abilities to compensate for a poor start in life. Here, zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata chicks from 93 broods were reared on either a standard quality (SO), or low quality (LQ) diet for the first 15 d of life, followed by a standard diet for the rest of their lives. Thus, the period of nutritional manipulation was relatively short compared with previous studies. Nestlings on a LQ diet showed slower body mass and tarsus growth rates than those on SQ diet but this was reversed after the diet of the LQ birds was improved. LQ birds of both sexes were able to fully compensate in terms of body mass and beak colour, but not tarsus length. Body size and beak colour are sexually selected traits in male zebra finches. By adulthood LQ females had significantly shorter wings than other birds, apparently directing resources into sex-specific structures instead of feather and skeletal growth. Thus, our experiment showed that the sexes differed in how they phenotypically compensated for a poor start in life. Males in particular invested sparse resources into structures associated with mate acquisition, as Proposed by life history theory for a species that 'lives fast and dies young.' We predict that this relatively short period of malnutrition during early development will have long term, sex-specific, fitness consequences for these birds.	Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland	Arnold, KE (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.	K.Arnold@bio.gla.ac.uk	Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Monaghan, Pat/A-4271-2008; Blount, Jonathan/K-7695-2012; Arnold, Kathryn/F-8683-2016; Monaghan, Pat/E-6810-2015; Metcalfe, Neil/C-5997-2009	Blount, Jonathan/0000-0002-0016-0130; Arnold, Kathryn/0000-0002-6485-6065; Metcalfe, Neil/0000-0002-1970-9349			Alvarez D, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P186, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0876-x; Arnold KE, 2003, J AVIAN BIOL, V34, P275, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03068.x; ARNOLD KE, 2003, P R SOC B, V2, P216; Badyaev AV, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P176; Barker DJP, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P1235, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.6.1235; Birkhead TR, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P385, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0649; Bize P, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P633, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00734.x; Blount JD, 2003, SCIENCE, V300, P125, DOI 10.1126/science.1082142; Blount JD, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1691, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2411; Blount JD, 2006, IBIS, V148, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00554.x; BOAG PT, 1987, AUK, V104, P155; Bradbury RR, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P895, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0375; Bryant DM, 1997, P NUTR SOC, V56, P1025, DOI 10.1079/PNS19970107; Brzek P, 2004, AUK, V121, P1187, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1187:EOROGD]2.0.CO;2; BURLEY N, 1987, ETHOLOGY, V76, P133; Cockburn A, 2002, SEX RATIOS: CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH METHODS, P266, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542053.014; Collins SA, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P105, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0156; DeKogel CH, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V51, P699, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0073; Desai M, 1996, BRIT J NUTR, V76, P591, DOI 10.1079/BJN19960065; Eits RM, 2003, BRIT POULTRY SCI, V44, P398, DOI [NO_DOI, 10.1080/0007166031000035544]; GALLIARD JFL, 2005, OIKOS, V111, P368; Gluckman PD, 2004, SCIENCE, V305, P1733, DOI 10.1126/science.1095292; Gorman HE, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1923, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2799; Hassan SM, 2003, POULTRY SCI, V82, P1163, DOI 10.1093/ps/82.7.1163; HAYWOOD S, 1992, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V249, P195, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1992.0103; Hornick JL, 2000, DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN, V19, P121, DOI 10.1016/S0739-7240(00)00072-2; Jespersen LB, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P737, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00788.x; Kalmbach E, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P442, DOI 10.1093/beheco/ari018; Kilner R, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P155, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0775; Kirkwood TBL, 2002, MECH AGEING DEV, V123, P737, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00419-5; Krackow S, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V50, P293, DOI 10.1007/s002650100366; Krackow S, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P435, DOI 10.1007/s002650050404; Krebs EA, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V51, P447, DOI 10.1007/s00265-002-0459-1; LeBlanc M, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P1661, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-9-1661; Martins TLF, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P174, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arg094; Metcalfe NB, 2003, EXP GERONTOL, V38, P935, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(03)00159-1; Metcalfe NB, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P254, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02124-3; Monaghan P, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1183, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0173; Morgan IJ, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P295, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1365; Nager RG, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P570, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.2.570; Ohlsson T, 2001, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V74, P212, DOI 10.1086/319657; Rutkowska J, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V64, P817, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.1973; Selman RG, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1585, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0232; Sikes RS, 1996, J MAMMAL, V77, P1092, DOI 10.2307/1382790; Toigo C, 1999, J MAMMAL, V80, P1021, DOI 10.2307/1383272; TRIVERS RL, 1973, SCIENCE, V179, P90, DOI 10.1126/science.179.4068.90; Velando A, 2000, ARDEA, V88, P127; Wilson K, 2002, SEX RATIOS: CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH METHODS, P48, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542053.004; Zann RA, 1996, ZEBRA FINCH SYNTHESI	49	34	34	1	38	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0908-8857			J AVIAN BIOL	J. Avian Biol.	MAY	2007	38	3					356	366		10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03818.x				11	Ornithology	Zoology	179TD	WOS:000247312100015					2018-11-12	
J	Seamans, ME; Gutierrez, RJ				Seamans, Mark E.; Gutierrez, R. J.			Sources of variability in spotted owl population growth rate: testing predictions using long-term mark-recapture data	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						elasticity; fitness components; life history strategy; spotted owl; temporal variability	RANDOMLY VARYING ENVIRONMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; OPTIMIZING REPRODUCTION; LARGE HERBIVORES; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; OCCIDENTALIS; CONSERVATION	For long-lived iteroparous vertebrates that annually produce few young, life history theory predicts that reproductive output (R) and juvenile survival should influence temporal variation in population growth rate (lambda) more than adult survival does. We examined this general prediction using 15 years of mark-recapture data from a population of California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). We found that survival of individuals >= 1 year old (phi) exhibited much less temporal variability ((CV) over cap = 0.04), where CV is coefficient of variation, than R ((CV) over cap 0.83), and that R was strongly influenced by environmental stochasticity. Although lambda was most sensitive ((e) over cap log-transformed sensitivity) to phi((e) over cap = 0.77), and much less sensitive to either R ((e) over cap = 0.12) or juvenile survival ( survival rate of owls from fledging to 1 year old; (e) over cap = 0.12), we estimated that R contributed as much as phi to the observed annual variability in lambda. The contribution of juvenile survival to variability in lambda was proportional to its (e) over cap. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that natural selection may have favored the evolution of longevity in spotted owls as a strategy to increase the probability of experiencing favorable years for reproduction. Our finding that annual weather patterns that most affected R ( temperature and precipitation during incubation) and phi (conditions during winter related to the Southern Oscillation Index) were equally good at explaining temporal variability in lambda supports the conclusion that R and phi were equally responsible for variability in lambda. Although currently accepted conservation measures for spotted owl populations attempt to enhance survival, our results indicated that conservation measures that target R may be as successful, as long as actions do not reduce phi.	Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA	Gutierrez, RJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.	gutie012@umn.edu					Akcakaya HR, 1998, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V7, P875, DOI 10.1023/A:1008867602813; Anthony R. 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J	Reznick, D; Bryant, M				Reznick, David; Bryant, Michael			Comparative long-term mark-recapture studies of guppies (Poecilia reticulata): differences among high and low predation localities in growth and survival	ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; GENETIC-BASIS; POPULATIONS; SENESCENCE; COEVOLUTION; PARALLELISM; MORTALITY; PATTERNS	Life history theory predicts that high extrinsic mortality rates will cause the evolution of earlier maturity and increased reproductive effort. Guppies that co-occur with predators support these predictions because they attain maturity at an earlier age and have higher levels of reproductive effort than their counterparts from localities that lack predators. In the past, we used short term (12 day) mark-recapture studies to show that guppy populations that co-occur with predators do in fact have higher mortality rates than those that do not. Here we extend this result to long term mark-recapture studies with a single recapture interval of over 200 days. We show that the recapture probabilities after these longer intervals are very similar to what one would predict based on the short term studies. Because of the multiplicative nature of mortality rate, the differences in recapture rates in guppies from low as opposed to high predation sites are now much more dramatic, on the order of 20 to 30 fold after 200+ days, as opposed to being around 15% higher after 12 days. The earlier short-term studies also revealed that guppies from high predation localities grow faster, in part as an indirect effect of predators because they reduce guppy population densities and increase per capita food availability. The long-term studies reported here yield the same result, but the difference between high and low predation localities is again far more dramatic as a consequence of the longer duration of the recapture interval. These observations, in combination with those of the earlier work, support the hypothesis that the increased mortality that accompanies predation represents a plausible mechanism that causes the evolution of the observed differences in life histories; however, the confounding of mortality rate and growth rate also suggests that more complex life history models that include density regulation and eco-evolutionary interactions may provide a better explanation for life history evolution in guppies.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA; Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA; Calif Inst Arts, Sch Crit Studies, Valencia, CA 91355 USA	Reznick, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.	david.reznick@ucr.edu; michael.bryant@ucr.edu					Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; ABRAMS PA, 1991, EVOL ECOL, V5, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02214152; Arendt JD, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P333, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2899; Bryant MJ, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P55, DOI 10.1086/380650; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; ENDLER JA, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P22, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88956-9; ENDLER JA, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P76, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04790.x; Loeuille N, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P5761, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408424102; Loeuille N, 2002, J THEOR BIOL, V217, P369, DOI 10.1006/yjtbi.3032; REZNICK D, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1236, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05493.x; REZNICK D, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P160, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05021.x; Reznick D, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P126, DOI 10.1086/318627; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; Reznick DN, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P319, DOI 10.1086/285854; Reznick DN, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P339, DOI 10.1086/285855; REZNICK DN, 1987, EVOLUTION, V41, P1370, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02474.x; Reznick DN, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1651, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03937.x; REZNICK DN, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1285, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02575.x; Reznick DN, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1934, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5308.1934; Reznick DN, 2004, NATURE, V431, P1095, DOI 10.1038/nature02936; SCHLUTER D, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P849, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02507.x; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120	22	23	23	0	17	FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD	UNIV HELSINKI	P O BOX 25, FIN-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND	0003-455X			ANN ZOOL FENN	Ann. Zool. Fenn.	APR 25	2007	44	2					152	160						9	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	174TC	WOS:000246964700007					2018-11-12	
J	Sear, R				Sear, Rebecca			The impact of reproduction on Gambian women: Does controlling for phenotypic quality reveal costs of reproduction?	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						life history; mortality; sub-Saharan Africa	MATERNAL MORTALITY; TWIN MOTHERS; LIFE-SPAN; LONGEVITY; FERTILITY; HEALTH; CHILDBEARING; PREGNANCY; ANEMIA; POPULATION	Life history theory predicts that where resources are limited, investment in reproduction will cause a decline in body condition and ultimately may lower survival rates. We investigate the relationship between reproduction and mortality in women in rural Gambia. We use a number of different measures of reproductive investment: the timing of reproduction, intensity of reproduction, and cumulative reproductive investment (parity). Though giving birth is clearly a risk factor for increased mortality, we find limited evidence that the timing, intensity, or cumulative effects of reproduction have a survival cost. Instead, there is some evidence that women who have invested heavily in reproduction have higher survival than women with lower reproductive investment: both high parity and late age at last reproduction are associated with high survival. The only evidence for any cost of reproduction is that women who have given birth to twins (considered a marker of heavy investment in reproduction) have higher mortality rates than other women, after the age of 50 years. A potential confounding factor may be differences in health between women: particularly healthy women may be able to invest substantially in both reproduction and their own survival, leading to the positive correlations between survival and both parity and age at last birth we observe. To control for differences in health between women, we reanalyze the relationship between reproduction and mortality but include variables correlating with health in our models (height, BMI, and hemoglobin). Even when controlling for health, the positive correlation between investment in reproduction and survival remains unchanged.	Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Social Policy, London WC2A 2AE, England	Sear, R (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Social Policy, Houghton St, London WC2A 2AE, England.	r.sear@lse.ac.uk		Sear, Rebecca/0000-0002-4315-0223			AbouZahr C, 2003, MATERNAL MORTALITY 2; Allen LH, 2000, AM J CLIN NUTR, V71, p1280S, DOI 10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1280s; Ardia DR, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P517, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00950.x; Beise J, 2002, SCIENCE, V298; BILLEWICZ WZ, 1981, J BIOSOC SCI, V13, P219; Daan S, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P539, DOI 10.2307/5734; Doblhammer G, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1541, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2400; Doblhammer G, 2000, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V54, P169, DOI 10.1080/713779087; Dribe M, 2004, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V58, P297, DOI 10.1080/0032472042000272357; Ellison PT, 2003, AM J HUM BIOL, V15, P342, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.10152; FERROLUZZI A, 1992, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V46, P173; Gilgen D, 2001, TROP MED INT HEALTH, V6, P449, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00729.x; Gilgen D, 2001, PARASITOLOGY, V122, P105, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000007113; GRAHAM W, 1989, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V20, P125, DOI 10.2307/1966567; Grundy E, 2005, SOC SCI MED, V61, P217, DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.046; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Helle S, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P29, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2944; Helle S, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P12391, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0402215101; Helle S, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P1085, DOI 10.1126/science.1070106; HILL AVS, 1991, NATURE, V352, P595, DOI 10.1038/352595a0; Hurt LS, 2006, POP STUD-J DEMOG, V60, P55, DOI 10.1080/00324720500436011; Jasienska G, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1847, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0511; Korpelainen H, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1765, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1208; LAMB WH, 1984, LANCET, V2, P912; LEBOURG E, 1993, EXP GERONTOL, V28, P217, DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(93)90030-H; Lycett JE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P31, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.0962; Mace R, 1996, INT J GYNECOL OBSTET, V54, P137, DOI 10.1016/0020-7292(96)02691-4; MCGREGOR IA, 1976, OIKOS, V27, P180, DOI 10.2307/3543897; McGregor IA, 1991, DIS MORTALITY SUBSAH, P306; Menken J, 2003, POPUL DEV REV, V29, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00405.x; Moreno J, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1105, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0750; Mueller U, 2004, POPUL DEV REV, V30, P449, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00023.x; Muller HG, 2002, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V57, pB202, DOI 10.1093/gerona/57.5.B202; Olsen A, 1998, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V92, P643, DOI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90795-7; Ossewaarde ME, 2005, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V16, P556, DOI 10.1097/01.ede.0000165392.35273.d4; POPPITT SD, 1993, AM J CLIN NUTR, V57, P353; Prentice AM, 2000, AM J CLIN NUTR, V71, p1226S, DOI 10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1226s; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROSENBERG KR, 1992, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V35, P89; Sear R, 2004, RES ECON ANTHROPOL, V23, P203, DOI 10.1016/S0190-1281(04)23008-6; Sear R, 2003, BIODEMOGRAPHY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY, P135; Sear R, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P433, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00287.x; SEAR RS, 2001, THESIS U COLL LONDON; Silventoinen K, 2003, J BIOSOC SCI, V35, P263, DOI 10.1017/S0021932003000087; Singer J. D., 2003, APPL LONGITUDINAL DA; Smith KR, 2002, SOC BIOL, V49, P185; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Thomas F, 2000, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V13, P409; TRACER DP, 1991, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V85, P393, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330850404; Trevathan W. R., 1987, HUMAN BIRTH EVOLUTIO; WADSWORTH GR, 1992, DIET DEMOGRAPHY DIS, P63; WEAVER LT, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1327, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90827-4; Wendeln H, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P205, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00276.x; World Health Organization, 1946, CONST WHO	55	12	13	0	11	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0002-9483	1096-8644		AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL	Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.	APR	2007	132	4					632	641		10.1002/ajpa.20558				10	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	149QA	WOS:000245160500016	17274011				2018-11-12	
J	Mikolajewski, DJ; Joop, G; Wohlfahrt, B				Mikolajewski, Dirk Johannes; Joop, Gerrit; Wohlfahrt, Bianca			Coping with predators and food limitation: testing life history theory for sex-specific larval development	OIKOS			English	Article							REACTION NORMS; DAMSELFLY LARVAE; TRADE-OFF; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TIME CONSTRAINTS; PREY DENSITY; BODY-SIZE; ODONATA; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH	For animals with complex life cycles, recent models of sexual size-dimorphism at maturity assume three key variables to optimise larval life history: activity in the larval stage, development time, and size at maturation. However, model predictions remain largely untested. In the territorial dragonfly Libellula depressa (Odonata) exhibiting a flexible development time we tested for male-biased sexual size-dimorphism and sex differences in larval activity, development time, and growth rate. Based on models we predicted that males achieved their larger size compared to females by a longer development rather than being more active. Results revealed that males took longer to develop and achieved a larger size than females but were not more active. Compared to males, females exhibited a higher growth rate which was not achieved by an activity-mediated increased food intake. We conclude that sexual size-dimorphism in species with a flexible development time is mediated by differences in developmental length but not activity. Furthermore, sexes differ in their plastic responses to food availability and predator presence making it necessary to consider sex-specific differences in testing further life history responses.	Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol, BE-3000 Louvain, Belgium; TU Braunschweig, Zool Inst Okol, DE-38106 Braunschweig, Germany	Mikolajewski, DJ (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol, Charles Deberiotstr 32, BE-3000 Louvain, Belgium.	d.mikolajewski@tu-bs.de	Joop, Gerrit/M-4519-2013				ANHOLT BR, 1991, CAN J ZOOL, V69, P1156, DOI 10.1139/z91-164; Anholt BR, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3509, DOI 10.2307/177510; ANHOLT BR, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P1091, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04377.x; BAKER RL, 1992, CAN J ZOOL, V70, P1161, DOI 10.1139/z92-162; Ball SL, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1116, DOI 10.2307/2265580; Benard MF, 2004, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V35, P651, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021004.112426; BENKE AC, 1970, ECOLOGY, V51, P328, DOI 10.2307/1933673; Braune P, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1133, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1641; Brodin T, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V148, P162, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0334-7; Brodin T, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P2927, DOI 10.1890/03-3120; CONVEY P, 1989, BEHAVIOUR, V109, P125, DOI 10.1163/156853989X00187; Crowley PH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P2592, DOI 10.2307/177477; Crowley PH, 2002, OIKOS, V96, P364, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960218.x; Day T, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P338, DOI 10.1086/338989; De Block M, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P185, DOI 10.1890/04-0116; DEBLOCK M, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P86; Fischer K, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P210, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00280.x; HOUSTON AI, 1992, EVOL ECOL, V6, P43; JEFFRIES M, 1990, FRESHWATER BIOL, V23, P191, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1990.tb00264.x; JOHANSSON F, 1993, OIKOS, V68, P481, DOI 10.2307/3544916; Johansson F, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P1242, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1242:LHABRT]2.0.CO;2; Johansson F, 2002, CAN J ZOOL, V80, P944, DOI 10.1139/Z02-073; Johansson F, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1857, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1857:LHPIAD]2.0.CO;2; Johansson F, 2000, FRESHWATER BIOL, V43, P149, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00532.x; Mikolajewski DJ, 2005, OIKOS, V110, P91, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13766.x; Mikolajewski DJ, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P614, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh061; MILLER P L, 1983, Odonatologica, V12, P227; MOORE AJ, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P315, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05201.x; NYLIN S, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1414, DOI 10.2307/1940071; ORBER PS, 1999, DRAGONFLIES BEAHV EC; Peacor SD, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P77, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00287.x; Plaistow S, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P659, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1171; Rantala MJ, 2001, ANN ZOOL FENN, V38, P117; ROBERT PA, 1959, LIBELLEN ODONATA; Schaffner AK, 1998, J INSECT BEHAV, V11, P793, DOI 10.1023/A:1020803925186; Sokolovska N, 2000, ECOL ENTOMOL, V25, P239, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00251.x; STERNBERG K, 2000, LIBELLEN BADEN WURTT, V2, P436; Stoks R, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P708, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00969.x; Stoks R, 2001, ECOL ENTOMOL, V26, P188, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00303.x; Strobbe F, 2004, BIOL J LINN SOC, V83, P187, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00379.x; Suhling F, 2005, OIKOS, V108, P609, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13230.x; Thompson DJ, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P378, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00419.x; WERNER EE, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P242, DOI 10.1086/285537; WISSINGER SA, 1988, CAN J ZOOL, V66, P543, DOI 10.1139/z88-080; Wohlfahrt B, 2006, FRESHWATER BIOL, V51, P76, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01475.x	45	13	16	0	17	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	0030-1299			OIKOS	Oikos	APR	2007	116	4					642	649		10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15139.x				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	151TK	WOS:000245313500011					2018-11-12	
J	Sol, D; Szekely, T; Liker, A; Lefebvre, L				Sol, Daniel; Szekely, Tamas; Liker, Andras; Lefebvre, Louis			Big-brained birds survive better in nature	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						brain evolution; behavioural flexibility; life-history theory; mortality rate	PARENTAL CARE; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; MORTALITY COSTS; SIZE; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; DIVERSIFICATION; INNOVATIONS; COGNITION; PARADOX	Big brains are hypothesized to enhance survival of animals by facilitating flexible cognitive responses that buffer individuals against environmental stresses. Although this theory receives partial support from the finding that brain size limits the capacity of animals to behaviourally respond to environmental challenges, the hypothesis that large brains are associated with reduced mortality has never been empirically tested. Using extensive information on avian adult mortality from natural populations, we show here that species with larger brains, relative to their body size, experience lower mortality than species with smaller brains, supporting the general importance of the cognitive buffer hypothesis in the evolution of large brains.	Autonomous Univ Barcelona, CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England; Pannon Univ, Dept Limnol, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary; McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada	Sol, D (reprint author), Autonomous Univ Barcelona, CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.	d.sol@creaf.uab.es	Sol, Daniel/A-5238-2008	Sol, Daniel/0000-0001-6346-6949			ALLMAN J, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P118, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.1.118; Allman J. M., 2000, EVOLVING BRAINS; BENNETT PM, 1985, J ZOOL, V207, P151; Blackburn TM, 2001, NATURE, V414, P195, DOI 10.1038/35102557; Byrne RW, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1693, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2780; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Deaner R. O., 2002, PRIMATE LIFE HIST SO, P233; Deaner RO, 2000, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V55, P44, DOI 10.1159/000006641; Dukas Reuven, 1998, P129; DUNBAR RIM, 1992, J HUM EVOL, V20, P469, DOI DOI 10.1016/0047-2484(92)90081-J); ENNETT PM, 2002, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; Garamszegi LZ, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P159, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2940; Garamszegi LZ, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P961, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1967; GARLAND T, 1992, SYST BIOL, V41, P18, DOI 10.2307/2992503; Gittelman John L., 1996, P289; GITTLEMAN JL, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P5495, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.12.5495; Harvey P. H., 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO; Iwaniuk AN, 2003, CAN J ZOOL, V81, P1913, DOI 10.1139/Z03-190; Iwaniuk AN, 2002, CAN J ZOOL, V80, P16, DOI 10.1139/Z01-204; JERIOSN HJ, 1973, EVOLUTION BRAIN INTE; Lefebvre L, 2004, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V63, P233, DOI 10.1159/000076784; Lefebvre L, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V53, P549, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0330; LESSELLS CM, 1987, AUK, V104, P116, DOI 10.2307/4087240; Li C.C, 1975, PATH ANAL PRIMER; Liker A, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P890, DOI 10.1554/04-560; Madden J, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P833, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1425; Martin TE, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P309, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1879; Nealen PM, 2001, J ZOOL, V253, P391, DOI 10.1017/S095283690100036X; OWENS IPF, 1994, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V257, P1, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1994.0086; PAGEL MD, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P344, DOI 10.1086/284857; Price TD, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1433, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2372; PURVIS A, 1995, COMPUT APPL BIOSCI, V11, P247; Reader SM, 2004, NEW SCI, V183, P34; Reader SM, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P4436, DOI 10.1073/pnas.062041299; SAETHER BE, 1988, NATURE, V331, P616, DOI 10.1038/331616a0; Sax DF, 2000, GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR, V9, P363, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00217.x; Shultz S, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P2305, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3250; Sibley CG, 1990, PHYLOGENY CLASSIFICA; SIBLEY CG, 1990, DISTRIBUTION TAXONOM; Sol D, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P2669, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00978.x; Sol D, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P5460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0408145102; Sol D., 2005, P R SOC B, V272, P1471; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Winkler H, 2004, J ORNITHOL, V145, P238, DOI 10.1007/s10336-004-0040-y; WOL D, 2003, ANIMAL INNOVATION, P63; WYLES JS, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P4394, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4394	47	102	104	1	93	ROYAL SOCIETY	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P R SOC B	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	MAR 22	2007	274	1611					763	769		10.1098/rspb.2006.3765				7	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	131BE	WOS:000243842100002	17251112	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Rodgers, JL; Bard, DE; Miller, WB				Rodgers, Joseph Lee; Bard, David E.; Miller, Warren B.			Multivariate Cholesky models of human female fertility patterns in the NLSY	BEHAVIOR GENETICS			English	Article						fertility; Fisher's theorem; FTNS; heritability; shared environment; multivariate models; phenotypic plasticity; Hox genes; life history theory	1ST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; LIFE-HISTORY; DANISH TWIN; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; KINSHIP DATA; BEHAVIOR; BIRTH; TRAITS; WOMEN; CHILDBEARING	Substantial evidence now exists that variables measuring or correlated with human fertility outcomes have a heritable component. In this study, we define a series of age-sequenced fertility variables, and fit multivariate models to account for underlying shared genetic and environmental sources of variance. We make predictions based on a theory developed by Udry [(1996) Biosocial models of low-fertility societies. In: Casterline, JB, Lee RD, Foote KA (eds) Fertility in the United States: new patterns, new theories. The Population Council, New York] suggesting that biological/genetic motivations can be more easily realized and measured in settings in which fertility choices are available. Udry's theory, along with principles from molecular genetics and certain tenets of life history theory, allow us to make specific predictions about biometrical patterns across age. Consistent with predictions, our results suggest that there are different sources of genetic influence on fertility variance at early compared to later ages, but that there is only one source of shared environmental influence that occurs at early ages. These patterns are suggestive of the types of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions for which we must account to better understand individual differences in fertility outcomes.	Univ Oklahoma, Dept Psychol, Norman, OK 73019 USA; Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Norman, OK 73019 USA; Transnatl Family Res Int, Aptos, CA USA	Rodgers, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Psychol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.	jrodgers@ou.edu	Bard, David/I-6629-2012		NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD043265-03, R01 HD043265, R01-HD43265]		Carey G, 2005, BEHAV GENET, V35, P653, DOI 10.1007/s10519-005-5355-9; CARROLL SB, 2005, ENDLESS FORMS MOST B; Christensen K, 2003, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V14, P60, DOI 10.1097/00001648-200301000-00015; *CTR HUM RES RES, 2003, NLY HDB; Doughty D, 2000, GENETIC INFLUENCES F; DUNNE MP, 1997, PSYCHOL SCI, V8, P1; Falconer DS, 1979, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; FIGUEREDO AJ, IN PRESS SOC BIOL; FISHER R. 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Genet.	MAR	2007	37	2					345	361		10.1007/s10519-006-9137-9				17	Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology	153BQ	WOS:000245407100009	17205393	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Simmons, LW; Kotiaho, JS				Simmons, L. W.; Kotiaho, J. S.			The effects of reproduction on courtship, fertility and longevity within and between alternative male mating tactics of the horned beetle, Onthophagus binodis	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						alternative mating tactics; cost of reproduction; ejaculate expenditure; life history; trade-off	SPERM COMPETITION GAMES; MALE DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DIMORPHIC MALE BEETLES; SEXUAL SELECTION; DUNG BEETLES; EGG-PRODUCTION; LIFE-SPAN; CONDITION DEPENDENCE; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; FEMALE LONGEVITY	Life history theory provides a powerful tool to study an organism's biology within an evolutionary framework. The notion that males face a longevity cost of competing for and displaying to females lies at the core of sexual selection theory. Likewise, recent game theory models of the evolution of ejaculation strategies assume that males face a trade-off between expenditure on the ejaculate and expenditure on gaining additional matings. Males of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis adopt alternative reproductive tactics in which major males fight for and help provision females, and minor males sneak copulations with females that are guarded by major males. Minor males are always subject to sperm competition, and consistent with theoretical expectation, minor males have a greater expenditure on their ejaculate than major males. We used this model system to seek evidence that mating comes at a cost for future fertility and/or male expenditure on courtship and attractiveness, and to establish whether these traits vary between alternative mating tactics. We monitored the lifespan of males exposed to females and nonmating populations, and sampled males throughout their lives to assess their fertility and courtship behaviour. We found a significant longevity cost of reproduction, but no fertility cost. On average, males from mating populations had a lower courtship rate than those from nonmating populations. This small effect, although statistically nonsignificant, was associated with significant increases in the time males required to achieve mating. Minor males had lower courtship rates than major males, and took longer to achieve mating. Although we did not measure ejaculate expenditure in this study, the correlation between lower courtship rate and longer mating speed of minor males documented here with their greater expenditure on the ejaculate found in previous studies, is consistent with game theory models of ejaculate expenditure which assume that males trade expenditure on gaining matings for expenditure on gaining fertilizations.	Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolut Biol, Sch Anim Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland; Univ Jyvaskyla, Museum Nat Hist, Jyvaskyla, Finland	Simmons, LW (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Evolut Biol, Sch Anim Biol, M092, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.	lsimmons@cyllene.uwa.edu.au	Simmons, Leigh/B-1815-2011	Simmons, Leigh/0000-0003-0562-1474; Kotiaho, Janne/0000-0002-4732-784X			Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Baer B, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P319, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2958; Barnes AI, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P939, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3388; Barnes AI, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P199, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2122; Birkhead Timothy R., 1997, P121; Blanckenhorn WU, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P353, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.3.353; Brooks R, 2000, NATURE, V406, P67, DOI 10.1038/35017552; Chapman T, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1879, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0516; CHAPMAN T, 1995, NATURE, V373, P241, DOI 10.1038/373241a0; CluttonBrock T, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P392, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.4.392; Colegrave N, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P446, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.446; COOK D, 1987, AUST J ZOOL, V35, P123, DOI 10.1071/ZO9870123; COOK D, 1988, AUST J ZOOL, V36, P521, DOI 10.1071/ZO9880521; COOK DF, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V40, P428, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80522-6; Cordts R, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P269, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0172; Crow JF, 1997, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V94, P8380, DOI 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8380; Crudgington HS, 2000, NATURE, V407, P855, DOI 10.1038/35038154; Danielsson I, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P77, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1332; Emlen DJ, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P335, DOI 10.1007/s002650050393; Fedorka KM, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2478; Gaskin T, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V63, P121, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1896; HOUSTON WWK, 1986, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V25, P161; Hsin H, 1999, NATURE, V399, P362, DOI 10.1038/20694; Hunt J, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P936; Hunt J, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P784, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00442.x; Hunt J, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P57, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00374.x; HUNT J, 2005, NATURE, V432, P1024; Johansson BG, 2005, ANIM BEHAV, V69, P851, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.007; Johnson DH, 1999, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V63, P763, DOI 10.2307/3802789; Johnston Carol E., 1995, Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, V70, P65; Jones TM, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1311, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2723; Jones TM, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P681, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1056; Kidd SA, 2001, FERTIL STERIL, V75, P237, DOI 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01679-4; Kokko H, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P739, DOI 10.1023/A:1006541701002; Kokko H, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1533, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0224; Kotiaho JS, 2001, NATURE, V410, P684, DOI 10.1038/35070557; Kotiaho JS, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P188, DOI 10.1007/s002650000221; Kotiaho JS, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P791, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.6.791; Kotiaho JS, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P553, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.5.553; Kotiaho JS, 2003, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V49, P817, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(03)00117-3; Kotiaho JS, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P2203, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0560; LEE JM, 1981, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V10, P626, DOI 10.1093/ee/10.5.626; Liker A, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P890, DOI 10.1554/04-560; MANNING AUBREY, 1961, ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, V9, P82, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(61)90054-9; Martin OY, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P357, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00668.x; Moczek AP, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V59, P459, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1342; Moore AJ, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P711, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0694; Parker G. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stutt AD, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P5683, DOI 10.1073/pnas.101440698; Tomkins JL, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1547, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1177; VANVOORHIES WA, 1992, NATURE, V360, P456, DOI 10.1038/360456a0; Visser ME, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1271, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1661; Wedell N, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02533-8	75	24	25	1	33	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	MAR	2007	20	2					488	495		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01274.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	136SL	WOS:000244244300007	17305814	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Simons, AM				Simons, A. M.			Selection for increased allocation to offspring number under environmental unpredictability	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						bet hedging; diversification; life-history trade-off; offspring size vs. number trade-off; optimality; risk spreading	BET-HEDGING STRATEGY; SEED SIZE VARIATION; LOBELIA-INFLATA; CONSEQUENCES; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY	According to life-history theory, the evolution of offspring size is constrained by the trade-off between allocation of resources to individual offspring and the number of offspring produced. Existing models explore the ecological consequences of offspring size, whereas number is invariably treated simply as an outcome of the trade-off with size. Here I ask whether there is a direct evolutionary advantage of increased allocation to offspring number under environmental unpredictability. Variable environments are expected to select for diversification in the timing of egg hatch and seed germination, yet the dependence of the expression of diversification strategies, and thus parental fitness, on offspring number has not previously been recognized. I begin by showing that well-established sampling theory predicts that a target bet-hedging diversification strategy is more reliably achieved as offspring number increases. I then use a simulation model to demonstrate that higher offspring number leads to greater geometric mean fitness under environmental uncertainty. Natural selection is thus expected to act directly to increase offspring number under assumptions of environmental unpredictability in season quality.	Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada	Simons, AM (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.	asimons@ccs.carleton.ca	Simons, Andrew/A-7751-2012	Simons, Andrew/0000-0002-0198-465X			COHEN D, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P119, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90188-3; GERITZ SAH, 1995, AM NAT, V146, P685, DOI 10.1086/285820; GILLESPIE JH, 1977, AM NAT, V111, P1010, DOI 10.1086/283230; Halpern SL, 2005, AM J BOT, V92, P205, DOI 10.3732/ajb.92.2.205; Imbert E, 2002, PERSPECT PLANT ECOL, V5, P13, DOI 10.1078/1433-8319-00021; Koops MA, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P29; Rees Mark, 1997, P121; Seger J., 1987, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V4, P182; Simons AM, 2000, AM J BOT, V87, P124, DOI 10.2307/2656690; Simons AM, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P233, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00530.x; Simons AM, 1997, OIKOS, V80, P401, DOI 10.2307/3546608; Simons AM, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P453, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.001; Simons AM, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P688, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00437.x; Simons AM, 2006, EVOLUTION, V60, P2280, DOI 10.1554/05-396.1; SLATKIN M, 1974, NATURE, V250, P704, DOI 10.1038/250704b0; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Venable DL, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P1109; WESTOBY M, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P368, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90006-W; WOLFE LM, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V101, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF00328821; Zar J. H., 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	20	30	31	1	25	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	MAR	2007	20	2					813	817		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01270.x				5	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	136SL	WOS:000244244300040	17305847	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Mitteldorf, J; Pepper, JW				Mitteldorf, Joshua; Pepper, John W.			How can evolutionary theory accommodate recent empirical results on organismal senescence?	THEORY IN BIOSCIENCES			English	Article						group selection; aging; guppies; Poecilia reticulata; life history theory; reproductive potential	POECILIA-RETICULATA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LIFE-SPANS; MORTALITY; GUPPIES; PLEIOTROPY; SELECTION	According to a prominent recent report, guppies collected from sites lacking predators are inferior in every aspect of their life history profile to those evolved in other, nearby sites with predators present. This is an exception to two classical predictions of evolutionary theory: that low extrinsic mortality should be associated with longer life span, and that higher fertility should be associated with shorter life span. Some theorists have tried to accommodate this and other anomalous results within the standard framework, but we argue that the exceptions they carve out do not explain the results at hand. In fact, the findings suggest that population regulation has been selected at the group level, though this is a mechanism that most theorists regard with suspicion. We conclude by relating the present result to other experiments that seem to point in the same direction.	Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Mitteldorf, J (reprint author), 7209 Charlton St, Philadelphia, PA 19119 USA.	josh@mathforum.org	Pepper, John/O-1662-2013	Pepper, John/0000-0001-9888-0437			ABRAMS PA, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01241.x; AUSTAD SN, 1993, J ZOOL, V229, P695, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02665.x; AUSTAD SN, 1991, J GERONTOL, V46, P47; Bell G, 1982, MASTERPIECE NATURE E; Bredesen DE, 2004, AGING CELL, V3, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2004.00121.x; Bryant MJ, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P55, DOI 10.1086/380650; CHARLESWORTH B, 1994, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; ENDLER JA, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P76, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04790.x; FISHER R. A., 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; Gray DA, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P140, DOI 10.1139/cjz-78-1-140; Keller L, 1997, NATURE, V389, P958, DOI 10.1038/40130; Kenyon C, 2001, CELL, V105, P165, DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00306-3; LEROI AM, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1244, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05309.x; MEDAWAR PB, 1952, UNSOLVED PROBLEM BIO; Miller RA, 2002, EXP BIOL MED, V227, P500; MILLER RA, 2000, J ZOOL, V250, P94; Mitteldorf J, 2006, EVOL ECOL RES, V8, P561; Mitteldorf J, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P937; MITTELDORF J, 2007, IN PRESS THEOR POP B; Pepper JW, 2000, SFI STU SCI, P45; Reznick D, 2001, EXP GERONTOL, V36, P791, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00241-2; Reznick DN, 2004, NATURE, V431, P1095, DOI 10.1038/nature02936; Ricklefs RE, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P24, DOI 10.1086/286147; Rose M. R, 1991, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL AG; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Van Valen L, 1973, EVOL THEORY, V1, P1, DOI DOI 10.1017/CBO9781139173179; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; Williams PD, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1478	28	11	12	0	6	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1431-7613	1611-7530		THEOR BIOSCI	Theory Biosci.	MAR	2007	126	1					3	8		10.1007/s12064-007-0001-0				6	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	221EB	WOS:000250209100002	18087751				2018-11-12	
J	Paitz, RT; Harms, HK; Bowden, RM; Janzen, FJ				Paitz, Ryan T.; Harms, Heidi K.; Bowden, Rachel M.; Janzen, Fredric J.			Experience pays: offspring survival increases with female age	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						life-history theory; survivorship; body size; Chrysemys picta; turtle	TURTLES CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; EGG SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LIFE-HISTORY; PERFORMANCE; HYPOTHESES; ALLOCATION; SELECTION; PATTERNS; STAGE	Life-history theory predicts that, in long-lived organisms, effort towards reproduction will increase with age, and research from oviparous vertebrates largely supports this prediction. In reptiles, where parental care occurs primarily via provisioning of the egg, older females tend to produce larger eggs, which in turn produce larger hatchlings that have increased survival. We conducted an experimental release study and report that maternal age positively influences offspring survivorship in the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) and predicts offspring survival at least as well as hatchling body size does. These data suggest that, although increasing hatchling size is a major component of reproductive success in older individuals, other factors also contribute.	Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA	Bowden, RM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.	rmbowde@ilstu.edu	Paitz, Ryan/A-8308-2008	Paitz, Ryan/0000-0003-4609-4359			Apanius V, 2006, OECOLOGIA, V147, P12, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0238-6; Bogdanova MI, 2006, FUNCT ECOL, V20, P132, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01088.x; Bowden RM, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P522, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00861.x; Brown GP, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P2763, DOI 10.1890/04-1805; Cam E, 2000, OIKOS, V90, P560, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900314.x; Christians JK, 2002, BIOL REV, V77, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005784; CONGDON JD, 1985, HERPETOLOGICA, V41, P194; Congdon JD, 2001, EXP GERONTOL, V36, P813, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00242-4; Congdon JD, 2003, EXP GERONTOL, V38, P765, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(03)00106-2; Crawley MJ, 1993, GLIM ECOLOGISTS; CURIO E, 1983, IBIS, V125, P400, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1983.tb03130.x; DeForest LN, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1501, DOI 10.2307/2265547; Harms HK, 2005, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V78, P996, DOI 10.1086/432920; Janzen FJ, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P2290; MILLER K, 1987, J EXP BIOL, V127, P401; Nisbet ICT, 2002, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V73, P117, DOI 10.1648/0273-8570-73.2.117; Ricklefs RE, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P462, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02578-8; SCHLUTER D, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P849, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02507.x; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Weisrock DW, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P94, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00288.x; Wilkinson LR, 2005, COPEIA, P868, DOI 10.1643/0045-8511(2005)005[0868:PORACA]2.0.CO;2	21	34	34	1	17	ROYAL SOCIETY	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETT-UK	Biol. Lett.	FEB 22	2007	3	1					44	46		10.1098/rsbl.2006.0573				3	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	126AY	WOS:000243485800013	17443962	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Phillips, NE				Phillips, Nicole E.			High variability in egg size and energetic content among intertidal mussels	BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN			English	Article							ARBACIA-LIXULA ECHINODERMATA; MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; MATERNAL SIZE; POPULATION DIFFERENCES; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MARINE MUSSEL; QUALITY; NUMBER; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION	Maternal investment is a fundamentally important parameter in life-history theory and models, yet the scales at which it varies (among individuals vs. among populations) is rarely reported. In this study, variability in attributes of eggs and early larvae of Mytilus calfornianus was examined from four sites spanning Point Conception, California, in June and September 2001. The effects of female, site, and month were examined for the following variables: egg volume (mu l), egg energy content (mu g carbon per egg), and initial larval size (mu m). The only significant effect on both egg traits was that of female. Females differed by up to 57% in mean egg volume and 116% in mean egg energetic content. Although there were significant effects of rearing environment, female, site, and month on initial larval size, variability in larval length was small compared to the egg traits. Mean larval length was maximally 11% different among females. Neither female body weight nor length was correlated to mean offspring traits, and there were also no significant relationships between egg traits and initial larval size. The primary source of variation in maternal investment in this system appears to be among individual females rather than over space or time.	Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Phillips, NE (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.	Nicole.Phillips@vuw.ac.nz	Phillips, Nicole/M-6342-2016	Phillips, Nicole/0000-0002-9234-8164			BARBER BJ, 1983, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V66, P247, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(83)90163-6; BAYNE BL, 1972, NATURE, V237, P459, DOI 10.1038/237459a0; BAYNE BL, 1975, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V55, P675, DOI 10.1017/S0025315400017343; BAYNE BL, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V59, P18, DOI 10.1007/BF00388067; BAYNE BL, 1978, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V58, P824; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; Bertram DF, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P315, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0315:EOMALN]2.0.CO;2; Corkum LD, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V111, P69, DOI 10.1007/s004420050209; DITTMAN D, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P286, DOI 10.2307/1938922; GALLAGER SM, 1986, AQUACULTURE, V56, P105, DOI 10.1016/0044-8486(86)90021-9; George SB, 1996, OCEANOL ACTA, V19, P297; GEORGE SB, 1990, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V141, P107, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(90)90217-Z; GEORGE SB, 1994, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V175, P121, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(94)90179-1; GEORGE SB, 1990, INVERTEBR REPROD DEV, V17, P111, DOI 10.1080/07924259.1990.9672098; Glazier DS, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P335, DOI 10.1007/s004420050039; Guisande C, 1996, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V143, P37, DOI 10.3354/meps143037; HELM MM, 1973, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V53, P673, DOI 10.1017/S0025315400058872; Helmuth BST, 2001, BIOL BULL, V201, P374, DOI 10.2307/1543615; HICKEY BM, 1993, ECOLOGY SO CALIFORNI, P1970; IGUCHI K, 1994, COPEIA, P184; Ito K, 1997, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V152, P187, DOI 10.3354/meps152187; LESSIOS HA, 1987, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V114, P217; LONNING SUNNIVA, 1963, SARSIA, V11, P25; MARSH E, 1984, COPEIA, P291, DOI 10.2307/1445184; Marteinsdottir G, 1998, J FISH BIOL, V52, P1241, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00969.x; MCEDWARD LR, 1987, EVOLUTION, V41, P914, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05865.x; MCEDWARD LR, 1987, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V37, P159, DOI 10.3354/meps037159; McIntyre GS, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P1544, DOI 10.1139/cjz-78-9-1544; Menge BA, 2004, ECOL MONOGR, V74, P663, DOI 10.1890/03-4060; Phillips NE, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V295, P79, DOI 10.3354/meps295079; Phillips NE, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2562, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2562:EONMLC]2.0.CO;2; PHILLIPS NE, 2002, THESIS U CALIFORNIA; QIAN PY, 1992, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V156, P23, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(92)90014-2; Quinn GP, 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; ROBB LA, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P215, DOI 10.2307/5524; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; THOMPSON RJ, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V56, P50, DOI 10.1007/BF00378216; VENABLE DL, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P287, DOI 10.1086/285413	38	21	21	3	18	MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY	WOODS HOLE	7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA	0006-3185			BIOL BULL-US	Biol. Bull.	FEB	2007	212	1					12	19		10.2307/25066576				8	Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology	140LP	WOS:000244507000003	17301327				2018-11-12	
J	Jervis, MA; Boggs, CL; Ferns, PN				Jervis, Mark A.; Boggs, Carol L.; Ferns, Peter N.			Egg maturation strategy and survival trade-offs in holometabolous insects: a comparative approach	BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY			English	Article						cost of reproduction; Hymenoptera; Lepidoptera; reproductive investment; resource allocation; Trichoptera	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PARASITOID WASPS; BODY-SIZE; HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; NYMPHALIDAE LEPIDOPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PHYLOGENY LEPIDOPTERA; FEMALE BUTTERFLIES	One of the key predictions of general life-history theory is that reproduction incurs a survival cost. Although there is a convincing body of evidence to support this prediction at the intraspecific level in insects, evidence at the interspecific level is relatively scarce, as is the case for other animals. By employing two methods of phylogenetically controlled analysis, we demonstrate the existence of a negative correlation between life-span and early life investment in reproduction, across a wide diversity of Lepidoptera. The measure of initial reproductive effort used was the 'ovigeny index', defined as the proportion of the lifetime potential egg complement that is mature (ready to lay) upon female emergence. We present a graphical model for holometabolous insects, illustrating the trade-offs that are hypothesized to occur among capital resources (soma vs non-soma and initial eggs vs storage) in relation to variation in ovigeny index. These trade-offs, for which there is some empirical support, are postulated to underlie the life-span/ovigeny index relationship observed in the Lepidoptera and also in other insect orders. (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London.	Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3TL, S Glam, Wales; Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Conservat Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Jervis, MA (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3TL, S Glam, Wales.	jervis@cf.ac.uk	Ferns, Peter/A-5902-2010				BARBOSA P, 1989, AM MIDL NAT, V122, P262, DOI 10.2307/2425912; Barnes AI, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P199, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2122; BARNES AI, 2005, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V273, P939; BERNSTEIN C, BEHAV ECOLOGY PARASI; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, J ANIM ECOL, V60, P151, DOI 10.2307/5451; Boggs Carol L., 1994, P25; BOGGS CL, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P692, DOI 10.1086/283753; Boggs CL, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P181; BOGGS CL, 1986, ECOL ENTOMOL, V11, P7, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1986.tb00274.x; Boggs CL, 2004, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V33, P1020, DOI 10.1603/0046-225X-33.4.1020; Boggs CL, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P192; BOGGS CL, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P598, DOI 10.1086/285118; Brower AVZ, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1201, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1129; BROWER LP, 1985, MIGRATION MECH ADAPT, P748; Calder W. 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FEB	2007	90	2					293	302		10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00721.x				10	Evolutionary Biology	Evolutionary Biology	131YW	WOS:000243909900008		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Roff, DA				Roff, Derek A.			Contributions of genomics to life-history theory	NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS			English	Review							QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; TRADE-OFFS; BODY-SIZE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; FITNESS COMPONENTS	Life-history theory seeks to understand the factors that produce variation in life histories that are found both among and within species. At the organismal level there is a well developed mathematical framework, and an important focus of the current research is determining the biological underpinnings of this framework, with particular attention to the causal mechanisms that underlie trade-offs. Genomic approaches are proving useful in addressing this issue.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA	Roff, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	derek.roff@ucr.edu					Abouheif E, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P249, DOI 10.1126/science.1071468; Anderson JB, 2006, EUKARYOT CELL, V5, P1243, DOI 10.1128/EC.00048-06; Aubin-Horth N, 2005, J HERED, V96, P261, DOI 10.1093/jhered/esi030; Aubin-Horth N, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1655, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3125; Bennett AF, 1999, AM ZOOL, V39, P346; Berticat C, 2002, GENET RES, V79, P41, DOI 10.1017/S001667230100547X; Bettencourt BR, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P484, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03783.x; Blows MW, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P1371, DOI 10.1890/04-1209; Bochdanovits Z, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, pS75, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0091; Boivin T, 2003, HEREDITY, V90, P107, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800188; Brandt BW, 2005, BIOESSAYS, V27, P339, DOI 10.1002/bies.20161; Brown PO, 1999, NAT GENET, V21, P33, DOI 10.1038/4462; Bult A, 1996, BEHAV GENET, V26, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF02359488; Calboli FCF, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P2653; Calboli FCF, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P566; Camara MD, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1692, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04554.x; CARRIERE Y, 1994, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V258, P35, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1994.0138; Chippindale AK, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P1536, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01477.x; Cutter AD, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P27, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00804.x; Drnevich JM, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P2267, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2880; Erickson DL, 2004, MOL ECOL, V13, P2505, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02254.x; Evans JD, 2001, BIOESSAYS, V23, P62, DOI 10.1002/1521-1878(200101)23:1<62::AID-BIES1008>3.3.CO;2-Z; Ferea TL, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P9721, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.17.9721; Festucci-Buselli RA, 2005, INSECT MOL BIOL, V14, P69, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00532.x; FINCH CE, 1995, Q REV BIOL, V70, P1, DOI 10.1086/418864; Flatt T, 2004, GENETICA, V122, P141, DOI 10.1023/B:GENE.0000041000.22998.92; Foster SP, 2003, HEREDITY, V91, P98, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800285; Freckleton RP, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P712, DOI 10.1086/343873; Frisk MG, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P969, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-58-5-969; Garland T, 1999, AM ZOOL, V39, P374; Gems D, 2001, CURR OPIN GENET DEV, V11, P287, DOI 10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00192-1; Gibson G, 2002, MOL ECOL, V11, P17, DOI 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01425.x; Gilchrist AS, 1999, GENETICS, V153, P1775; Gilchrist GW, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P768; Heidel AJ, 2004, GENETICS, V168, P2197, DOI 10.1534/genetics.104.032193; Heppell SS, 1998, COPEIA, P367, DOI 10.2307/1447430; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; Hofmann HA, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P14171, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14171; Hofmann HA, 2003, J NEUROBIOL, V54, P272, DOI 10.1002/neu.10172; HOULE D, 1992, GENETICS, V130, P195; Hughes KA, 2005, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V50, P421, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130409; HUTCHINGS JA, 1994, EVOL ECOL, V8, P256, DOI 10.1007/BF01238277; Janmaat AF, 2006, ECOL ENTOMOL, V31, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00768.x; JOSHI A, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P616, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02298.x; Kirkwood TBL, 2003, TRENDS ENDOCRIN MET, V14, P345, DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2003.08.003; Kirkwood TBL, 2002, MECH AGEING DEV, V123, P737, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00419-5; Krebs RA, 1997, CELL STRESS CHAPERON, V2, P60, DOI 10.1379/1466-1268(1997)002<0060:DCOHOI>2.3.CO;2; LaMunyon CW, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1125, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1996; Leips J, 2006, GENETICS, V172, P1595, DOI 10.1534/genetics.105.048520; Mauricio R, 2001, NAT REV GENET, V2, P370, DOI 10.1038/35072085; MCKENZIE JA, 1994, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V9, P166, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90079-5; McKenzie John A., 2001, P347; Mery F, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P14274, DOI 10.1073/pnas.222371199; Messenger SL, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P397, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0651; Mohamed SA, 2001, J ANIM BREED GENET, V118, P263, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0388.2001.00292.x; MOUSSEAU TA, 1987, HEREDITY, V59, P181, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1987.113; Nijhout H. 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Rev. Genet.	FEB	2007	8	2					116	125		10.1038/nrg2040				10	Genetics & Heredity	Genetics & Heredity	126VU	WOS:000243544400012	17230198				2018-11-12	
J	Navarro, J; Gonzalez-Solis, J				Navarro, Joan; Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob			Experimental increase of flying costs in a pelagic seabird: effects on foraging strategies, nutritional state and chick condition	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						body condition; ecophysiology; foraging ecology; life history theory; shearwaters	THIN-BILLED PRION; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; PARENTAL EFFORT; BODY CONDITION; INCUBATION; PETREL; REPRODUCTION; MASS; PRODUCTIVITY; MANIPULATION	A central point in life history theory is that parental investment in current reproduction should be balanced by the costs in terms of residual reproductive value. Long-lived seabirds are considered fixed investors, that is, parents fix a specific level of investment in their current reproduction independent to the breeding requirements. We tested this hypothesis analysing the consequences of an experimental increase in flying costs on the foraging ecology, body condition and chick condition in Cory's shearwaters Calonectris diomedea. We treated 28 pairs by reducing the wing surface in one partner and compared them with 14 control pairs. We monitored mass changes and incubation shifts and tracked 19 foraging trips per group using geolocators. Furthermore, we took blood samples at laying, hatching and chick-rearing to analyse the nutritional condition, haematology, muscle damage and stable isotopes. Eighty-day-old chicks were measured, blood sampled and challenged with PHA immune assay. In addition, we analysed the effects of handicap on the adults at the subsequent breeding season. During incubation, handicapped birds showed a greater foraging effort than control birds, as indicated by greater foraging distances and longer periods of foraging, covering larger areas. Eighty-day-old chicks reared by treated pairs were smaller and lighter and showed a lower immunity than those reared by control pairs. However, oxygen demands, nutritional condition and stable isotopes did not differ between control and handicapped birds. Although handicapped birds had to increase their foraging effort, they maintained physical condition by reducing parental investment and transferred the experimentally increased costs to their partners and the chick. This result supports the fixed investment hypothesis and is consistent with life history theory.	Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Anim Vertebrats, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain	Navarro, J (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Anim Vertebrats, Av Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.	jgsolis@ub.edu	Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob/C-3942-2008; Navarro, Joan/C-2119-2009	Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob/0000-0002-8691-9397; Navarro, Joan/0000-0002-5756-9543			Afanasyev Vsevolod, 2004, Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research Special Issue, V58, P227; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P101, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-1-101; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2002, IBIS, V144, P147, DOI 10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00023.x; Barton ED, 1998, PROG OCEANOGR, V41, P455, DOI 10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00023-8; *BIRD LIF INT, 2004, GLOB PROC TRACK WORK; BUSTAMANTE J, 1994, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V107, P661, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90366-2; CHAURAND T, 1994, IBIS, V136, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01097.x; CROXALL JP, 1982, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P275; Davenport R, 2002, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V49, P3481, DOI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00095-4; DRABKIN DL, 1936, J BIOL CHEM, V112, P105; DRENT RH, 1980, ARDEA, V68, P225; Duncan R. 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H., 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	53	62	62	4	39	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0029-8549			OECOLOGIA	Oecologia	FEB	2007	151	1					150	160		10.1007/s00442-006-0559-0				11	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	123WB	WOS:000243325800015	17124570				2018-11-12	
J	Franks, SJ; Sim, S; Weis, AE				Franks, Steven J.; Sim, Sheina; Weis, Arthur E.			Rapid evolution of flowering time by an annual plant in response to a climate fluctuation	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						contemporary evolution; global climate change; life history theory; local adaptation; plant phenology	ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; BRASSICA-RAPA; DROSOPHILA; MICROEVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; ADAPTATION; EXTINCTION; PATTERN; SHIFT	Ongoing climate change has affected the ecological dynamics of many species and is expected to impose natural selection on ecologically important traits. Droughts and other anticipated changes in precipitation may be particularly potent selective factors, especially in and regions. Here we demonstrate the evolutionary response of an annual plant, Brassica rapa, to a recent climate fluctuation resulting in a multiyear drought. Ancestral (predrought) genotypes were recovered from stored seed and raised under a set of common environments with descendant (postdrought) genotypes and with ancestor x descendant hybrids. As predicted, the abbreviated growing seasons caused by drought led to the evolution of earlier onset of flowering. Descendants bloomed earlier than ancestors, advancing first flowering by 1.9 days in one study population and 8.6 days in another. The intermediate flowering time of ancestor x descendant hybrids supports an additive genetic basis for divergence. Experiments confirmed that summer drought selected for early flowering, that flowering time was heritable, and that selection intensities in the field were more than sufficient to account for the observed evolutionary change. Natural selection for drought escape thus appears to have caused adaptive evolution in just a few generations. A systematic effort to collect and store propagules from suitable species would provide biologists with materials to detect and elucidate the genetic basis of further evolutionary shifts driven by climate change.	Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA	Franks, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.	sfranks@uci.edu					Barbraud C, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P6248, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0510397103; BENNETT AF, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P16, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01981.x; Bone E, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P165, DOI 10.1023/A:1013378014069; Both C, 2006, NATURE, V441, P81, DOI 10.1038/nature04539; Bradshaw WE, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P14509, DOI 10.1073/pnas.241391498; BURGER R, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P151, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05967.x; COHEN D, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P801, DOI 10.1086/283103; Davis MB, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P673, DOI 10.1126/science.292.5517.673; Etterson JR, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P151, DOI 10.1126/science.1063656; Fox GA, 2001, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC, P253; Franke DM, 2006, INT J PLANT SCI, V167, P83, DOI 10.1086/497648; GOMULKIEWICZ R, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P201, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05971.x; Grant PR, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P707, DOI 10.1126/science.1070315; Hairston NG, 1999, NATURE, V401, P446, DOI 10.1038/46731; HOERLING M, 2003, SCIENCE, V229, P691; Jump AS, 2005, ECOL LETT, V8, P1010, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00796.x; Kinnison MT, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P145, DOI 10.1023/A:1013375419520; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; Levitan M, 2005, BMC EVOL BIOL, V5, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-5-4; Linhart YB, 1996, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V27, P237, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.237; Lynch M, 1998, GENETICS ANAL QUANTI; McCabe GJ, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P4136, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0306738101; McCarthy J. J., 2001, CLIMATE CHANGE 2001; Parmesan C, 2003, NATURE, V421, P37, DOI 10.1038/nature01286; Penuelas J, 2002, GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL, V8, P531, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00489.x; Reale D, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P591, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2224; Reznick DN, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P183, DOI 10.1023/A:1013352109042; Rodriguez-Trelles F, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P829, DOI 10.1023/A:1006546616462; Umina PA, 2005, SCIENCE, V308, P691, DOI 10.1126/science.1109523; Weis AE, 2004, AM J BOT, V91, P825, DOI 10.3732/ajb.91.6.825	30	470	495	16	360	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	JAN 23	2007	104	4					1278	1282		10.1073/pnas.0608379104				5	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	131EB	WOS:000243849900031	17220273	Green Published			2018-11-12	
S	Bjorklund, DF; Ellis, BJ; Rosenberg, JS		Kail, RV		Bjorklund, David F.; Ellis, Bruce J.; Rosenberg, Justin S.			Evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms: An evolutionary approach to gene x environment x development interactions	ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR, VOL 35	Advances in Child Development and Behavior		English	Article; Book Chapter							BOBWHITE QUAIL CHICKS; ADAPTIVE INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EARLY PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; HONEYCUTT 2003; INTERSENSORY EXPERIENCE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; VISUAL-STIMULATION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT		Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA; Univ Arizona, John & Doris Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Bjorklund, DF (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA.						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J	Gluckman, PD; Hanson, MA; Beedle, AS				Gluckman, Peter D.; Hanson, Mark A.; Beedle, Alan S.			Early life events and their consequences for later disease: A life history and evolutionary perspective	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Review							LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RESTRICTION; THRIFTY PHENOTYPE HYPOTHESIS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ADOLESCENTS BORN PRETERM; LATER INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LOW-PROTEIN DIET; BODY-MASS INDEX; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY	Biomedical science has little considered the relevance of life history theory and evolutionary and ecological developmental biology to clinical medicine. However, the observations that early life influences can alter later disease risk-the "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD) paradigm-have led to a recognition that these perspectives can inform our understanding of human biology. We propose that the DOHaD phenomenon can be considered as a subset of the broader processes of developmental plasticity by which organisms adapt to their environment during their life course. Such adaptive processes allow genotypic variation to be preserved through transient environmental changes. Cues for plasticity operate particularly during early development; they may affect a single organ or system, but generally they induce integrated adjustments in the mature phenotype, a process underpinned by epigenetic mechanisms and influenced by prediction of the mature environment. In mammals, an adverse intrauterine environment results in an integrated suite of responses, suggesting the involvement of a few key regulatory genes, that resets the developmental trajectory in expectation of poor postnatal conditions. Mismatch between the anticipated and the actual mature environment exposes the organism to risk of adverse consequences-the greater the mismatch, the greater the risk. For humans, prediction is inaccurate for many individuals because of changes in the postnatal environment toward energy-dense nutrition and low energy expenditure, contributing to the epidemic of chronic noncommunicable disease. This view of human disease from the perspectives of life history biology and evolutionary theory offers new approaches to prevention, diagnosis and intervention.	Univ Auckland, Liggins Inst, Auckland 1, New Zealand; Natl Res Ctr Growth & Dev, Auckland, New Zealand; Univ Southampton, Ctr Dev Origins Hlth & Dis, Southampton SO16 5YA, Hants, England	Gluckman, PD (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Liggins Inst, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand.	pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz		Hanson, Mark/0000-0002-6907-613X			Applebaum SW, 1999, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V44, P317, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.317; AUSTAD SN, 1994, EXP GERONTOL, V29, P255, DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(94)90005-1; Barker DJP, 1998, CLIN SCI, V95, P115, DOI 10.1042/CS19980019; BARKER DJP, 1986, LANCET, V1, P1077; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; Bellinger L, 2004, BRIT J NUTR, V92, P513, DOI 10.1079/BJN20041224; Benyshek DC, 2006, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V131, P120, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20334; Benyshek DC, 2006, DIABETOLOGIA, V49, P1117, DOI 10.1007/s00125-006-0196-5; Bertram C, 2001, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V142, P2841, DOI 10.1210/en.142.7.2841; Bertram CE, 2001, BRIT MED BULL, V60, P103, DOI 10.1093/bmb/60.1.103; 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J. Hum. Biol.	JAN-FEB	2007	19	1					1	19		10.1002/ajhb.20590				19	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	120ZU	WOS:000243126600001	17160980				2018-11-12	
J	Lende, D				Lende, D.			Life history theory, early childhood risk and adolescent behavior in Colombia	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Meeting Abstract																	0	0	0	0	1	WILEY-LISS	HOBOKEN	DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA	0002-9483			AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL	Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.		2007				44			154	154						1	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	142NK	WOS:000244656500406					2018-11-12	
J	Dobson, FS; Oli, MK				Dobson, F. Stephen; Oli, Madan K.			Fast and slow life histories of mammals	ECOSCIENCE			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Symposium on Marsupials as Models for Research held at the 9th International Mammalogical Congress	AUG, 2005	Sapporo, JAPAN	Australian Mammal Soc		body size; fast-slow continuum; life-history theory; precociality; reproduction; survival	NATURAL-SELECTION; GROUND-SQUIRREL; K-SELECTION; R-SELECTION; PATTERNS; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; TRAITS; BIRDS	Studies of life histories often compare species to discern patterns in the evolution of traits. Major components of life histories appear to involve important aspects of species biology, and the first such component appears to be body size. We tested whether the second major component of variation in life histories of mammals is a continuum from species with short lives to long lives, the "fast-slow continuum." Mammalian populations (n = 143) representing 109 species were examined, and life histories were summarized using 5 key variables that reflect reproduction and survival. Body size and phylogeny were significant influences on life histories. Once these influences were removed statistically, a major axis of life history variation that reflected the fast-slow continuum was revealed in a principal components analysis. This component of life history was poorly but significantly associated with indices of the fast-slow continuum, such as the ratio of reproduction to age at maturity and generation time. Fast and slow species were identified among several orders and families of mammals, and one species exhibited fast and slow populations. These results may indicate that fast and slow life cycles are highly phenotypically plastic. Degree of precociality did not appear to be a third major component of life histories.	Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA	Dobson, FS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.	fsdobson@msn.com					BERVEN KA, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P962, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05466.x; BOYCE MS, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P427; Brown J. H., 1995, MACROECOLOGY; Calder W. 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J	Rudolf, VHW; Rodel, MO				Rudolf, Volker H. W.; Roedel, Mark-Oliver			Phenotypic plasticity and optimal timing of metamorphosis under uncertain time constraints	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						Amphibians; Complex life cycles; Development; Growth rate; Mortality risk; Desiccation risk; Adaptation; Life history evolution	SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII TADPOLES; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PITCHER-PLANT MOSQUITO; LARVAL GROWTH HISTORY; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; REACTION NORMS; RANA-SYLVATICA; DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS; PSEUDACRIS-TRISERIATA; SEASONAL ENVIRONMENT	Life-history theory suggests that optimal timing of metamorphosis should depend on growth conditions and time constraints under which individuals develop. Current models cannot make reliable predictions for species in ephemeral habitats where individuals often face an increasing mortality risk over time because these models assume time-invariant mortality rates (i.e., daily mortality rates remain constant) and fixed seasons. We examined the plasticity of growth, development, and body mass at metamorphosis in tadpoles of the tree-hole breeding frog Phrynobatrachus guineensis in relation to an unpredictable time constraint in the field and in controlled experiments along a fixed density and food gradient. Mean mass and age at metamorphosis of sibships were positively correlated with per capita food level. Based on our results, we developed a simple model of the optimal timing of metamorphosis under time-dependent mortality rates showing that development rates are not only adjusted to growth conditions but also to time-variant mortality rates. The increasing mortality rate represents a time constraint that favors a reduced larval period, but because it is based on probabilities of survival it allows a trade-off between development time and mass. We extend this model to different types of time constraints and show that it can predict the range of documented reaction norms. Differences between species in the correlation of age and mass at metamorphosis may have evolved due to differences in their time-variant mortality rates.	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Ecol.	JAN	2007	21	1					121	142		10.1007/s10682-006-0017-9				22	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	131XI	WOS:000243905200009					2018-11-12	
J	Blomquist, GE				Blomquist, Gregory E.			Population regulation and the life history studies of LaMont Cole	HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES			English	Article						life history theory; demography; ecology; evolution; group selection	NATURAL-SELECTION; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; COLES RESULT; DEMOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES; TOLERATION	Transformative changes marked the growth of mid-twentieth century American ecology. This included redirection of the scholarly focus of the discipline, especially on the role evolutionary theory and "levels of selection,", and increased visibility of ecologist as public figures in the environmental movement with special knowledge of how natural systems work. Cornell ecologist LaMont Cole is an important figure to examine both of these trends. Like many of his contemporaries, Cole was devoted to a perspective on natural selection operating at levels above the individual. However, because of his influential mathematical treatment of animal demography he has been historically subsumed into a group of scholars that views the events in the life course as adaptations to the maximization of individual fitness - life history theory. Cole's popular writings and lectures, which consumed his later career, extend his scholarly portrayal of natural populations as tending toward stable and homoeostatic equilibrium, with the goal of drawing contrasts with the deviance of rapid human population growth. In both regards, Cole serves as a topical and temporal extension of the well-documented and analyzed ecology of his mentors - Alfred Emerson, Thomas Park, and Warder Allee - in the University of Chicago Zoology Department.	Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA	Blomquist, GE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, 107 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.						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J	Figueredo, AJ; Vasquez, G; Brumbach, BH; Schneider, SMR				Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Vasquez, Geneva; Brumbach, Barbara Hagenah; Schneider, Stephanie M. R.			The K-factor, covitality, and personality - A psychometric test of life history theory	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						general health; life history theory; MIDUS; personality factors; social privilege theory	R-SELECTION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BIG 5; HEALTH; SOLIDARITY; BEHAVIORS; EVOLUTION; STRATEGY	We present a psychometric test of life history theory as applied to human individual differences using MIDUS survey data (Brim et al. 2000). Twenty scales measuring cognitive and behavioral dimensions theoretically related to life history strategy were constructed using items from the MIDUS survey. These scales were used to construct a single common factor, the K-factor, which accounted for 70% of the-reliable variance. The scales used included measures of personal, familial, and social function. A second common factor, Covitality, was constructed from scales for physical and mental health. Finally, a single general factor, Personality, was constructed from scales for the "Big Five" factors of personality. The K-factor, covitality factor, and general personality factor correlated significantly with each other, supporting the prediction that high K predicts high somatic effort and also manifests in behavioral display. Thus, a single higher-order common factor, the Super-K factor, was constructed that consisted of the K-factor, covitality factor, and personality factor.	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J	Ryan, PG; Phillips, RA; Nel, DC; Wood, AG				Ryan, Peter G.; Phillips, Richard A.; Nel, Deon C.; Wood, Andrew G.			Breeding frequency in Grey-headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma	IBIS			English	Article							TOOTHFISH LONGLINE FISHERY; HIGH ANNUAL VARIABILITY; PRINCE EDWARD ISLANDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DIOMEDEA-MELANOPHRIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEABIRD MORTALITY; BODY CONDITION; SOUTH GEORGIA; BIRD-ISLAND	Although Grey-headed Albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma are usually regarded as biennial breeders, taking a year off following a successful breeding attempt, a small proportion of successful birds attempt to breed annually. This proportion was higher at Marion Island (5.4%) than at Bird Island, South Georgia (1.0%), suggesting that conditions are more favourable at Marion Island. This hypothesis is supported by higher average breeding success and shorter lags following both successful and failed breeding attempts at Marion Island. Factors favouring reproduction at Marion Island may include reduced intraspecific competition (given the much smaller breeding population) and/or more predictable food supply (owing to production of meso-scale eddies associated with the Indian Ocean Ridge). Although annual breeding appeared to increase the risk of adult mortality, with several birds that attempted to breed annually found dead the following year, at least some birds greatly enhanced their reproductive output, with one male raising five chicks in five successive years. Contrary to life-history theory, there was no evidence that older birds were more likely to attempt annual breeding because of declining reproductive value.	Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst, NRF Ctr Excellence, DST, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England	Ryan, PG (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst, NRF Ctr Excellence, DST, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.	pryan@botzoo.uct.ac.za		Ryan, Peter/0000-0002-3356-2056			AEBISCHER NJ, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P1063, DOI 10.2307/5031; Burg TM, 2001, MOL ECOL, V10, P2647, DOI 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01392.x; Catry P, 1998, CONDOR, V100, P448, DOI 10.2307/1369710; Chastel O, 1995, AUK, V112, P964, DOI 10.2307/4089027; CHASTEL O, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V94, P278, DOI 10.1007/BF00341328; CHASTEL O, 1995, IBIS, V137, P360, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08033.x; Cobley ND, 1998, IBIS, V140, P315, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04395.x; Coulson JC, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P146, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2001.320207.x; Crawford RJM, 2003, AFR J MAR SCI, V25, P453, DOI 10.2989/18142320309504034; Croxall JP, 2005, SCIENCE, V307, P249, DOI 10.1126/science.1106042; Croxall JP, 1998, ALBATROSS: BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION, P69; Erikstad KE, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1781; FORSLUND P, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P374, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89141-7; Golet GH, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P827, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00233.x; HARRIS M P, 1973, Ibis, V115, P483, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1973.tb01988.x; Holmes DJ, 2001, EXP GERONTOL, V36, P869, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00247-3; Jenouvrier S, 2005, OIKOS, V108, P511, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13351.x; MURPHY EC, 1991, J ANIM ECOL, V60, P515, DOI 10.2307/5295; Nel DC, 2001, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V217, P15, DOI 10.3354/meps217015; Nel DC, 2002, ANTARCT SCI, V14, P151; Newton I, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1000, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1000:SARVIS]2.0.CO;2; PRINCE PA, 1994, IBIS, V136, P50, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb08131.x; PRINCE PA, 1980, IBIS, V122, P476, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1980.tb00902.x; PRINCE PA, 1993, IBIS, V135, P121, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02823.x; RICE DALE W., 1962, AUK, V79, P517; Ryan PG, 1999, AUK, V116, P851, DOI 10.2307/4089350; Ryan PG, 1999, OSTRICH, V70, P187, DOI 10.1080/00306525.1999.9634233; Sagar PM, 2000, AUK, V117, P699, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0699:TAARCI]2.0.CO;2; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TICKELL WLN, 1975, IBIS, V117, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1975.tb04237.x; Waugh SM, 1999, IBIS, V141, P216, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07544.x; WEIMERSKIRCH H, 1986, IBIS, V128, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1986.tb02669.x	32	19	20	0	6	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0019-1019			IBIS	Ibis	JAN	2007	149	1					45	52						8	Ornithology	Zoology	125WQ	WOS:000243474600006					2018-11-12	
J	Dibattista, JD; Feldheim, KA; Gruber, SH; Hendry, AP				Dibattista, J. D.; Feldheim, K. A.; Gruber, S. H.; Hendry, A. P.			When bigger is not better: selection against large size, high condition and fast growth in juvenile lemon sharks	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						directional selection; lemon shark; life history; marine environment; morphological traits; Negaprion; quantitative genetics; selection coefficients; viability	ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; NATURAL-SELECTION; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; INTRINSIC GROWTH; TRADE-OFFS; BODY-SIZE; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEXUAL SELECTION	Selection acting on large marine vertebrates may be qualitatively different from that acting on terrestrial or freshwater organisms, but logistical constraints have thus far precluded selection estimates for the former. We overcame these constraints by exhaustively sampling and repeatedly recapturing individuals in six cohorts of juvenile lemon sharks (450 age-0 and 255 age-1 fish) at an enclosed nursery site (Bimini, Bahamas). Data on individual size, condition factor, growth rate and inter-annual survival were used to test the 'bigger is better', 'fatter is better' and 'faster is better' hypotheses of life-history theory. For age-0 sharks, selection on all measured traits was weak, and generally acted against large size and high condition. For age-1 sharks, selection was much stronger, and consistently acted against large size and fast growth. These results suggest that selective pressures at Bimini may be constraining the evolution of large size and fast growth, an observation that fits well with the observed small size and low growth rate of juveniles at this site. Our results support those of some other recent studies in suggesting that bigger/fatter/faster is not always better, and may often be worse.	Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada; McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada; Field Museum, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, Chicago, IL USA; Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL USA	Dibattista, JD (reprint author), Redpath Museum, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.	joseph.dibattista@mail.mcgill.ca	Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008; DiBattista, Joseph/O-2074-2014	Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667; DiBattista, Joseph/0000-0002-5696-7574			Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Barker MJ, 2005, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V72, P343, DOI 10.1007/s10641-004-2584-3; Begon M., 1996, POPULATION ECOLOGY U; Billerbeck JM, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1863; Biro PA, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2419, DOI 10.1890/02-0416; Biro PA, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P2233, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2861; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; Blanckenhorn WU, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P563, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00050.x; BRODIE ED, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89117-X; Brown C, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V68, P1325, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.004; Burnham K. 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Evol. Biol.	JAN	2007	20	1					201	212		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01210.x				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	117WS	WOS:000242904600028	17210013	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Remes, V				Remes, V.			Avian growth and development rates and age-specific mortality: the roles of nest predation and adult mortality	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						age-specific mortality; development; growth; life-history theory; maternal effects; nest predation	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; YOLK ANDROGENS; SIBLING COMPETITION; INCUBATION PERIOD; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; BEGGING BEHAVIOR; IMMUNE FUNCTION; TESTOSTERONE; SURVIVAL	Previous studies have shown that avian growth and development covary with juvenile mortality. Juveniles of birds under strong nest predation pressure grow rapidly, have short incubation and nestling periods, and leave the nest at low body mass. Life-history theory predicts that parental investment increases with adult mortality rate. Thus, developmental traits that depend on the parental effort exerted (pre- and postnatal growth rate) should scale positively with adult mortality, in contrast to those that do not have a direct relationship with parental investment (timing of developmental events, e.g. nest leaving). I tested this prediction on a sample of 84 North American songbirds. Nestling growth rate scaled positively and incubation period duration negatively with annual adult mortality rates even when controlled for nest predation and other covariates, including phylogeny. On the contrary, neither the duration of the nestling period nor body mass at fledging showed any relationship. Proximate mechanisms generating the relationship of pre- and postnatal growth rates to adult mortality may include increased feeding, nest attentiveness during incubation and/or allocation of hormones, and deserve further attention.	Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic	Remes, V (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Tr Svobody 26, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic.	vladimir.remes@upol.cz	Remes, Vladimir/B-6842-2016				BOSQUE C, 1995, AM NAT, V145, P234, DOI 10.1086/285738; CASE TJ, 1978, Q REV BIOL, V53, P243, DOI 10.1086/410622; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Conway CJ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P178, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.2.178; DUNNING JB, 1993, BODY WEIGHTS 686 SPE; Eggers S, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P309, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh163; Eising CM, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P839, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1594; Eising CM, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P1027, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2287; Fontaine JJ, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P428, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00892.x; Ghalambor CK, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P494, DOI 10.1126/science.1059379; Goodship NM, 2006, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V273, P71, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3289; Gorman KB, 2005, BIOL LETT-UK, V1, P461, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2005.0346; GRAFEN A, 1989, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V326, P119, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1989.0106; GRAFEN A, 2005, USERS GUIDE SAS IMPL; Groothuis TGG, 2005, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V29, P329, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.002; Harvey P. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff DA, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1425, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00958.x; *SAS I INC, 2005, SAS ONL DOC; SCHEW WA, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO, P288; Schwabl H, 1996, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V114, P271, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(96)00009-6; Sibley CG, 1990, PHYLOGENY CLASSIFICA; Sockman KW, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1451, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1163; Soler JJ, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P241, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2217; Starck J.M., 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV; Tella JL, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1059, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1951; Tschirren B, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P675, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00963.x; WEBB DR, 1987, CONDOR, V89, P874, DOI 10.2307/1368537; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S	56	16	18	0	28	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	1010-061X			J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	JAN	2007	20	1					320	325		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01191.x				6	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	117WS	WOS:000242904600040	17210025	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Mollet, FM; Kraak, SBM; Rijnsdorp, AD				Mollet, Fabian M.; Kraak, Sarah B. M.; Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.			Fisheries-induced evolutionary changes in maturation reaction norms in North Sea sole Solea solea	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						life history evolution; probabilistic maturation reaction norm; phenotypic plasticity; growth; condition	PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; LONG-TERM CHANGES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CORAL-REEF FISH; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SOCIAL INHIBITION; SEXUAL-MATURITY; EGG SIZE	Age and size at maturation decreased in several commercially exploited fish stocks, which, according to life history theory, may be due to fisheries-induced evolutionary change. However, the observed changes may also represent a plastic response to environmental variability. To disentangle phenotypic plasticity from evolutionary change, the probabilistic reaction norm approach was applied to 43 cohorts (1960 to 2002) of female sole Solea solea from market samples. The reaction norm for age and size at first maturation has significantly shifted towards younger age and smaller size. Size at 50% probability of maturation at Age 3 decreased from 28.6 cm (251 g) to 24.6 cm (128 g). This change was even stronger when condition was included as a third dimension in the reaction norm estimation. The influence of alternative factors was tested on the population level by regression of reaction norm midpoints on annual estimates of condition, temperature and competitive biomass. Although effects of temperature and competitive biomass were significant, the variation in the midpoints was best explained by the decreasing time trend. Therefore, the results provide strong evidence for a fisheries -induced evolutionary change in the onset of sexual maturity.	[Mollet, Fabian M.; Kraak, Sarah B. M.; Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.] Wageningen Inst Marine Resources & Ecol Studies, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands	Mollet, FM (reprint author), Wageningen Inst Marine Resources & Ecol Studies, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.	fabian.mollet@wur.nl	Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/A-4217-2008	Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/0000-0003-0785-9662			Barot S, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P659; Baynes SM, 1996, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V199, P59, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(95)00189-1; BOROWSKY R, 1978, SCIENCE, V201, P933, DOI 10.1126/science.201.4359.933; Charnov EL, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P494, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.494; Conover DO, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P94, DOI 10.1126/science.1074085; Conover DO, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P730, DOI 10.1139/F05-069; de Veen J.F., 1976, Journal Cons int Explor Mer, V37, P60; DEVEEN JF, 1970, BER DEUT WISS KOMM, V21, P78; Dhillon RS, 2004, COPEIA, P37, DOI 10.1643/CI-02-098R1; Dieckmann U, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P253, DOI 10.3354/meps335253; Ernande B, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P415, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2519; FRICKE H, 1977, NATURE, V266, P830, DOI 10.1038/266830a0; Fuiman LA, 1998, COPEIA, P602, DOI 10.2307/1447790; Grift RE, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V334, P213, DOI 10.3354/meps334213; Heino M, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P669, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01378.x; Heino M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1971, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1971; Heino M, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P423; Hobbs JPA, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P2109, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2845; *ICES, 2006, REP WORK GROUP ASS D; Janssen PAH, 1997, AQUAT TOXICOL, V39, P195, DOI 10.1016/S0166-445X(97)00036-2; JONES GP, 1980, MAR BIOL, V59, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF00404748; JORGENSEN T, 1990, J CONSEIL, V46, P235; KJESBU OS, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P2333, DOI 10.1139/f91-274; Kraak SBM, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P295, DOI 10.3354/meps335295; LAW R, 1989, EVOL ECOL, V3, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02285264; Law R, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P659, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0731; Marshall CT, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P301, DOI 10.3354/meps335301; Millner RS, 1996, ICES J MAR SCI, V53, P1185, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.1996.0143; Oberdorster E, 2001, ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM, V20, P23, DOI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0023:GBATBE>2.0.CO;2; Quinn TP, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P493, DOI 10.1023/A:1013348024063; Ramsay K, 1996, J SEA RES, V36, P275, DOI 10.1016/S1385-1101(96)90796-0; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; Reznick DN, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1934, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5308.1934; REZNICK DN, 1993, EXPLOITATION EVOLVIN; RIJNSDORP AD, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1617, DOI 10.1139/f93-183; RIJNSDORP AD, 1991, NETH J SEA RES, V27, P441, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(91)90045-3; RIJNSDORP AD, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V96, P391, DOI 10.1007/BF00317510; RIJNSDORP AD, 1990, NETH J SEA RES, V25, P279, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(90)90027-E; RIJNSDORP AD, 1992, NETH J SEA RES, V29, P173, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(92)90018-A; Sinclair AF, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P361, DOI 10.1139/F02-015; STEARNS SC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00560.x; Stentiford GD, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V301, P307, DOI 10.3354/meps301307; STOKES TK, 1993, P INTL C JUL GERM 3; Trippel EA, 2004, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V61, P2097, DOI 10.1139/F04-125; Van Aken H.M., 2003, ICES MAR SCI S, V219, P359; VANDERLAND MA, 1991, NETH J SEA RES, V27, P277, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(91)90030-5; Wright PJ, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V335, P279, DOI 10.3354/meps335279	47	67	68	1	13	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2007	351						189	199		10.3354/meps07138				11	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	247FV	WOS:000252064100016		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Fiksen, O; Jorgensen, C; Kristiansen, T; Vikebo, F; Huse, G				Fiksen, Oyvind; Jorgensen, Christian; Kristiansen, Trond; Vikebo, Frode; Huse, Geir			Linking behavioural ecology and oceanography: larval behaviour determines growth, mortality and dispersal	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Workshop on Advancements in Modelling Physical-Biological Interactions in Fish Early-Life History	APR, 2006	Nantes, FRANCE	WGPBI, ICES Working Grp Recruitment Proc		behavioural rules; larval ecology; individual-based models; general circulation models; predation; habitat selection	COD GADUS-MORHUA; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; REEF FISH LARVAE; GEORGES BANK; NORTH-SEA; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATIONS; MARINE; TEMPERATURE; PREDATION	Highly resolved general circulation models (GCMs) now generate realistic flow fields, and have revealed how sensitive larval drift routes are to vertical positioning in the water column. Sensible representation of behavioural processes then becomes essential to generate reliable patterns of environmental exposure (growth and survival), larval drift trajectories and dispersal. Existing Individual-based models involving larval fish allow individuals to vary only in their attributes such as spatial coordinates, and not in their inherited behavioural strategies or phenotypes. We illustrate the interaction between short-term behaviour and longer-term dispersal consequences applying a model of larval cod Gadus morhua drifting in a GCM, and show how variations in swimming behaviour influence growth and dispersal. We recommend a deep integration of oceanography and behavioural ecology. First, we need to understand the causes and survival value of behaviours of larval fish, framed in terms of behavioural ecology. Second, we need practices to address how drift and dispersal of offspring are generating spawning strategies (timing and location) of adults, using life history theory. Third, the relative importance of local growth and mortality versus the need to drift to particular areas depend strongly on the mobility of organisms at the time of settling, or the spatial fitness-landscape. The field of 'individual-based ecology' provides sound methods to approach this interface between evolutionary theory and physical oceanography.	Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA	Fiksen, O (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.	oyvind.fiksen@bio.uib.no	Jorgensen, Christian/B-4453-2009; Fiksen, Oyvind/F-1771-2011	Jorgensen, Christian/0000-0001-7087-4625; Fiksen, Oyvind/0000-0002-9687-5842; Kristiansen, Trond/0000-0001-6121-297X			AKSNES DL, 1993, ECOL MODEL, V67, P233, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90007-F; Aksnes DL, 2004, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V49, P233, DOI 10.4319/lo.2004.49.1.0233; BAILEY KM, 1989, ADV MAR BIOL, V25, P1; Beaugrand G, 2003, NATURE, V426, P661, DOI 10.1038/nature02164; CHAMBERS RC, 1993, T AM FISH SOC, V122, P404, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0404:PVIFPA>2.3.CO;2; Ciannelli L, 2007, ECOLOGY, V88, P635, DOI 10.1890/05-2035; CLARK CW, 2000, DYNAMIC STATE VARIAB; Clark DL, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V292, P287, DOI 10.3354/meps292287; Cowen RK, 2006, SCIENCE, V311, P522, DOI 10.1126/science.1122039; Dawkins R., 1976, SELFISH GENE; Fiksen O, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P423, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00937.x; Fisher R, 2005, MAR BIOL, V147, P1201, DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-0001-x; FISHER R. 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H., 1992, ADAPTATION NATURAL A; HOUDE ED, 1997, EARLY LIFE HIST RECR, P173; Houston AI, 1999, MODELS ADAPTIVE BEHA; Huret M, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V347, P261, DOI 10.3354/meps06983; Huse G, 2004, ICES J MAR SCI, V61, P1201, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.011; Huse G, 2001, SARSIA, V86, P477, DOI 10.1080/00364827.2001.10420487; Huse G, 1999, EVOL ECOL, V13, P469, DOI 10.1023/A:1006746727151; Hutchinson JMC, 2005, BEHAV PROCESS, V69, P97, DOI 10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.019; JONES FRH, 1978, J CONS INT EXPLOR ME, V38, P331; Jorgensen C, 2006, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V63, P200, DOI 10.1139/F05-210; Larsson AI, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P1960, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1960:BLASFE]2.0.CO;2; Leis JM, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V347, P185, DOI 10.3354/meps06977; Leis JM, 2006, MAR BIOL, V148, P655, DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-0108-0; LIMA SL, 1990, CAN J ZOOL, V68, P619, DOI 10.1139/z90-092; LOOSE CJ, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2255, DOI 10.2307/1940881; Lough RG, 2005, FISH OCEANOGR, V14, P241, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00330.x; LOUGH RG, 1993, FISH B-NOAA, V91, P281; MALEY CC, 1993, ECOL MODEL, V68, P75, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90109-6; MCNAMARA JM, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1515, DOI 10.2307/1939235; Menczer F, 1996, ADAPT BEHAV, V4, P317, DOI 10.1177/105971239600400305; Mullon C, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P910, DOI 10.1139/F02-064; Nielsen R, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V278, P261, DOI 10.3354/meps278261; Olla BL, 1996, FISH OCEANOGR, V5, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.1996.tb00090.x; Paris CB, 2004, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V49, P1964, DOI 10.4319/lo.2004.49.6.1964; Peck MA, 2006, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V75, P419, DOI 10.1007/s10641-006-0031-3; Persson L, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P1129, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1129:AHUISP]2.0.CO;2; PLOMIN R, 2000, BEHAV GENETICS; Railsback SF, 1999, ECOL MODEL, V123, P73, DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00124-6; SCHEFFER M, 1995, ECOL MODEL, V80, P161, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)00055-M; Schwalme K, 1999, ICES J MAR SCI, V56, P303, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.1999.0458; SINCLAIR M, 1988, MARINE POPULATIONS; SKIFTESVIK AB, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1570, DOI 10.1139/f92-174; Slotte A, 2000, J FISH BIOL, V56, P138; Strand E, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P624, DOI 10.1086/339997; Takamoto T, 2001, MACROMOL BIOSCI, V1, P223; Varpe O, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V146, P443, DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0219-9; Vikebo F, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P1375, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.05.017; Vikebo F, 2007, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V347, P207, DOI 10.3354/meps06979; Wright KJ, 2005, MAR BIOL, V147, P1425, DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-0028-z	64	131	133	1	37	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2007	347						195	205		10.3354/meps06978				11	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	231VY	WOS:000250978500018		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Fisher, R; Sogard, SM; Berkeley, SA				Fisher, Rebecca; Sogard, Susan M.; Berkeley, Steven A.			Trade-offs between size and energy reserves reflect alternative strategies for optimizing larval survival potential in rockfish	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						life history trade-offs; offspring size; larval performance traits; Sebastes	CORAL-REEF FISH; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; EARLY-LIFE; EGG SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; JUVENILE TRANSITION; SEBASTES-MELANOPS; ESCAPE RESPONSE; RAINBOW-TROUT	Reproductive strategies balancing offspring size and offspring number have been well documented in empirical tests of life-history theory. Here we found an additional trade-off between offspring size and offspring condition. Among 5 species of live-bearing rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) from central Californian populations, we observed a negative relationship between larval length at parturition and the size of their oil globule (a triacylglycerol-rich energy reserve). When compared with a variety of performance variables (resistance to starvation, growth, startle-escape performance and routine activity levels), it appears that this trade-off leads to a conflict when trying to optimize survival potential, with differing benefits to each trait. A large oil globule greatly increases resistance to starvation, whereas larger body size is associated with numerous performance benefits likely to synergistically decrease predation-based mortality and increase success at capturing prey (increased startle speeds and distances, as well as more rapid onset of growth and larger size at age). The trade-off between energy reserves and body size is further reflected in the seasonal patterns of parturition of the 5 species, with larvae having large oil globules and small body size being released in winter, when productivity in the California Current is low but transport is generally onshore, and those with small oil globule reserves and large body size released in late spring, when productivity is high but transport is generally offshore. These 2 apparent reproductive strategies also reflect subgeneric phylogenetic relationships, suggesting a potential lineage-specific basis for the contrast in larval traits. The results highlight the importance of measuring both physical and performance traits of larvae, as well as considering multiple attributes of both, when evaluating progeny quality.	Univ Newcastle, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England; Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA	Sogard, SM (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.	susan.sogard@noaa.gov	Fisher, Rebecca/C-5459-2011	Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731			BATTY RS, 1993, MAR BIOL, V115, P523, DOI 10.1007/BF00349358; Berg OK, 2001, FUNCT ECOL, V15, P13, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00473.x; Bergenius MAJ, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P521, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0918-4; Berkeley SA, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1258, DOI 10.1890/03-0706; Bjorkstedt EP, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V242, P215, DOI 10.3354/meps242215; Bobko SJ, 2004, FISH B-NOAA, V102, P418; BOEHLERT GW, 1986, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V101, P239, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90266-2; BOEHLERT GW, 1984, BIOL BULL, V167, P354, DOI 10.2307/1541282; Cushing D.H., 1988, P105; EATON RC, 1986, T AM FISH SOC, V115, P128, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<128:ROTTER>2.0.CO;2; ECHEVERRIA TW, 1987, FISH B-NOAA, V85, P229; Eidietis L, 2005, CAN J ZOOL, V83, P1117, DOI 10.1139/Z05-109; Einum S, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2095, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0893; Eldridge MB, 2002, J FISH BIOL, V61, P1122, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2127; ELGAR MA, 1990, OIKOS, V59, P283, DOI 10.2307/3545546; Fisher R, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V263, P177, DOI 10.3354/meps263177; Fuiman L. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Takamoto T, 2001, MACROMOL BIOSCI, V1, P223; Wesp HM, 2003, T AM FISH SOC, V132, P1166, DOI 10.1577/T02-069; Williams PJ, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P1246, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-53-6-1246; WINEMILLER KO, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P585, DOI 10.1086/285559; WOURMS JP, 1991, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V30, P111, DOI 10.1007/BF02296882; Yoklavich MM, 1996, FISH B-NOAA, V94, P766	57	24	24	0	20	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2007	344						257	270		10.3354/meps06927				14	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	215NM	WOS:000249816300022		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Gosselin, LA; Rehak, R				Gosselin, Louis A.; Rehak, Renata			Initial juvenile size and environmental severity: influence of predation and wave exposure on hatching size in Nucella ostrina	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						offspring size; life history; early juveniles; mortality factors; interpopulation variation; selective pressures	OFFSPRING SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; EMARGINATA DESHAYES; PROTECTED SHORES; EGG SIZE; PERFORMANCE; SNAIL; GASTROPODS	According to life history theory, offspring survival increases with offspring size, mainly because large offspring are more resistant to environmental stress. Populations and species living in habitats with severe environmental conditions have therefore been predicted to produce larger offspring than populations in more benign environments. We studied 10 populations of the rocky intertidal gastropod Nucella ostrina in Barkley Sound, Canada, to determine the extent of variation in average hatching size at a small spatial scale (the sites being <= 10 km apart), and to determine the influence on hatching size of 2 components of environmental stress: predation and wave exposure. In a 3 yr study of these 10 populations, average shell length of newly hatched snails differed by 15 to 25% among the populations in a given year, and estimated total organic carbon per hatchling varied by 97 to 210 %. These are considerable differences given the proximity of these populations. The relative differences among populations were broadly consistent over the 3 years of the study, some populations consistently producing larger average hatching sizes than other populations. Based on the abundance and size structure of the predator populations at 4 of these field sites, predation pressure was predicted to favour different average N. ostrina hatching sizes at these sites: large at 2 sites and small at 2 sites. However, the average hatching size of N. ostrina populations at those sites was not consistent with that prediction, suggesting predation pressure may not have been an important determinant of hatching size. This is a surprising finding, as predation is often considered to be a major cause of early juvenile mortality and thus an important selective pressure influencing the evolution of early juvenile traits. However, average population hatching size did correlate with the relative degree of wave exposure of the site, indicating that either wave action itself or factors covarying with wave action have a substantial influence on initial juvenile size in this species.	Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada; Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N3, Canada	Gosselin, LA (reprint author), Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 900 McGill Rd, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada.	lgosselin@tru.ca	Gosselin, Louis/F-1284-2011				Boulding EG, 1999, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V232, P217, DOI 10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00117-8; BOULDING EG, 1993, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V169, P139, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(93)90191-P; BOULDING EG, 1990, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V193, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF00028065; BOULDING EG, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P76592; CARBALLO M, 2001, J SHELLFISH RES, V20, P15422; CROTHERS JH, 1983, BIOL J LINN SOC, V20, pB5102; Dahlhoff EP, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P2816, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2816:POTRIP]2.0.CO;2; DAYTON PK, 1971, ECOL MONOGR, V41, P351, DOI 10.2307/1948498; Emlet RB, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P334, DOI 10.1093/icb/icj023; Emlet RB, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P141, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02395.x; Etter RJ, 1996, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V196, P341, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(95)00139-5; ETTER RJ, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P660, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02485.x; ETTER RJ, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1857, DOI 10.2307/1938118; Gosselin LA, 1997, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V157, P185, DOI 10.3354/meps157185; GOSSELIN LA, 1995, MAR BIOL, V122, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF00350684; Gosselin LA, 1997, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V146, P265, DOI 10.3354/meps146265; GOSSELIN LA, 1994, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V176, P1, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(94)90193-7; Gosselin LA, 1995, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V128, P213, DOI 10.3354/meps128213; GOSSELIN LA, 1994, THESIS U ALBERTA EDM; KITCHING JA, 1976, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V23, P109, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(76)90135-0; LEIGH EG, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V84, P1314, DOI 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1314; Marko PB, 2003, VELIGER, V46, P77; Marshall DJ, 2005, AUSTRAL ECOL, V30, P275, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01463.x; Marshall DJ, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3131, DOI 10.1890/02-0311; Marshall DJ, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V259, P139, DOI 10.3354/meps259139; MCGINLEY MA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P370, DOI 10.1086/284716; MENGE BA, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V58, P141, DOI 10.1007/BF00399210; Moran AL, 1999, AM ZOOL, V39, P304; Moran AL, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1597, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1597:OSAPIV]2.0.CO;2; PALMER AR, 1985, VELIGER, V27, P349; Phillips NE, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2562, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2562:EONMLC]2.0.CO;2; Rasanen K, 2005, OECOLOGIA, V142, P546, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1762-5; RAWLINGS TA, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1301, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05314.x; Rawlings TA, 1995, THESIS U ALBERTA EDM; Ray-Culp M, 1999, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V240, P303, DOI 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00065-9; Rex MA, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1298, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04543.x; RIVEST BR, 1983, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V69, P217, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(83)90071-0; Robles CD, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V128, P142, DOI 10.1007/s004420100638; SHANKS AL, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V69, P420, DOI 10.1007/BF00377065; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; SMITH KN, 1992, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V157, P3, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(92)90070-Q; Sokal R. R., 1981, BIOMETRY; SPIGHT TM, 1976, OECOLOGIA, V24, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF00381135; SPIGHT TM, 1976, BIOL BULL, V150, P491, DOI 10.2307/1540687; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Thiyagarajan V, 2003, MAR BIOL, V143, P543, DOI 10.1007/s00227-003-1077-9; Tsai ML, 2001, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V210, P175, DOI 10.3354/meps210175; Vermeij GJ., 1978, BIOGEOGRAPHY ADAPTAT; Walker SE, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P19; Zar J.H, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	50	22	22	0	12	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630			MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2007	339						143	155		10.3354/meps339143				13	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	185MA	WOS:000247713900014		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Grift, RE; Heino, M; Rijnsdorp, AD; Kraak, SBM; Dieckmann, U				Grift, R. E.; Heino, M.; Rijnsdorp, A. D.; Kraak, S. B. M.; Dieckmann, U.			Three-dimensional maturation reaction norms for North Sea plaice	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						fisheries-induced evolution; body condition; probabilistic maturation reaction norms; phenotypic plasticity; maturation process; Pleuronectes platessa	PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; HIPPOGLOSSOIDES-PLATESSOIDES; SEXUAL-MATURATION; BACK-CALCULATION; GROWTH; SIZE; AGE; REPRODUCTION	Probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) with up to 3 explanatory dimensions were estimated for female North Sea plaice Pleuronectes platessa. The 3-dimensional PMRNs reported here (1) are the first to be obtained for any organism, (2) reveal the differential capacity of alternative life-history state variables to predict the onset of reproduction, (3) document consistent temporal trends in maturation, and (4) help disentangle the contributions of genetic and plastic effects to these trends. We first show that PMRNs based on age and weight provide slightly more accurate approximations of maturation probabilities than PMRNs based on age and length. At the same time, weight-based PMRNs imply a much wider spread of maturation probabilities than length-based PMRNs. We then demonstrate that including condition as a third explanatory variable improves predictions of maturation probability, The resultant 3-dimensional PMRNs for age-length-condition or age-weight-condition not only show how, at given size and age, maturation probability increases with condition, but also expose how this impact of condition decreases with age and has changed over time. Our analysis reveals several interesting temporal trends. First, it is demonstrated that even after removing plastic effects on maturation captured by age, length, weight and condition, residual trends towards maturation at younger ages and smaller lengths remain. Second, we find that the width of both length- and weight-based PMRNs decreased significantly over time. Third, age and condition are nowadays affecting maturation probabilities less than they did decades ago. We conclude that plaice are currently maturing at a very low age, size and body condition, and that the narrow and steep reaction norms do not allow a strong continuation of the observed trends. The findings obtained are in good agreement with predictions from life-history theory based on the hypothesis of evolutionary change caused by heavy exploitation.	Wageningen UR, Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands; Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway	Rijnsdorp, AD (reprint author), Wageningen UR, Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies, Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.	adriaan.rijnsdorp@wur.nl	Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011; Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/A-4217-2008	Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393; Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/0000-0003-0785-9662			Allison PD, 1999, LOGISTIC REGRESSION; Barot S, 2005, ICES J MAR SCI, V62, P56, DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.10.004; Barot S, 2004, ECOL APPL, V14, P1257, DOI 10.1890/03-5066; Barot S, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P659; BELL G, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P57, DOI 10.1086/283048; BELL G, 1980, AM NAT, V116, P45, DOI 10.1086/283611; BERNARDO J, 1993, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V8, P166, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90142-C; BOHLIN T, 1990, ANN ZOOL FENN, V27, P139; BOHLIN T, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P1920, DOI 10.1139/f94-193; Borisov VM., 1978, J ICHTHYOL, V18, P896; Bromley PJ, 2000, J FISH BIOL, V56, P264, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.1999.1162; Bromley PJ, 2003, ICES J MAR SCI, V60, P52, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2002.1318; Cook R.M., 1999, Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, V25, P91, DOI 10.2960/J.v25.a8; DAWSON AS, 1980, J FISH BIOL, V16, P493, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03729.x; Dembski S, 2006, J FISH BIOL, V69, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01087.x; Dhillon RS, 2004, COPEIA, P37, DOI 10.1643/CI-02-098R1; GRAFEN A, 1987, ANIM BEHAV, V35, P462, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80271-3; Grift RE, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V257, P247, DOI 10.3354/meps257247; Heino M, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P669, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01378.x; Heino M, 2002, B MAR SCI, V70, P639; Heino M, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P423; HEINO M, 2002, 2002Y14114 ICEM CM, P1; Henderson BA, 2002, J FISH BIOL, V61, P999, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2119; Hobbs JPA, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P2109, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2845; Hosmer D. 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Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2007	334						213	224		10.3354/meps334213				12	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	159JN	WOS:000245862000020		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Saad, G				Saad, Gad			Suicide triggers as sex-specific threats in domains of evolutionary import: Negative correlation between global male-to-female suicide ratios and average per capita gross national income	MEDICAL HYPOTHESES			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; SELF-PRESERVATION; STRATEGIES; COUNTRIES	From an evolutionary perspective, suicide is a paradoxical phenomenon given its fatal consequences on one's reproductive fitness. That fact notwithstanding, evolutionists have typically used kin and group selection arguments in proposing that suicide might indeed be viewed as an adaptive behavioral response. The current paper posits that in some instances, suicide might be construed as the ultimate maladaptive response to "crushing defeats" in domains of great evolutionary import (e.g., mating). Specifically, it is hypothesized that numerous sex-specific triggers of suicide are universally consistent because they correspond to dire sex-specific attacks on one's reproductive fitness (e.g., toss of occupational status is much more strongly linked to male suicides). More generally, it is proposed that many epidemiological aspects of suicide are congruent with Darwinian-based frameworks. These include the near-universal finding that men are much more likely to commit suicide (sexual selection theory), the differential motives that drive men and women to commit suicide (evolutionary psychology), and the shifting patterns of suicide across the life span (life-history theory). Using data from the World Health Organization and the World Bank, several evolutionary-informed hypotheses, regarding the correlation between male-to-femate suicide ratios and average per capita Gross National Income, are empirically tested. Overall, the findings are congruent with Darwinian-based expectations namely as economic conditions worsen the male-to-femate suicide ratio is exacerbated, with the negative correlation being the strongest for the "working age" brackets. The hypothesized evolutionary outlook provides a consilient framework in comprehending universal sex-specific triggers of suicide. Furthermore, it allows suicidologists to explore new research avenues that might remain otherwise untapped if one were to restrict their research interests on the identification of proximate causes of suicide. Global clinical and epidemiological data emphasizing other universally robust triggers of suicide would afford additional support for the postulated framework. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Concordia Univ, John Molson Sch Business, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada	Saad, G (reprint author), Concordia Univ, John Molson Sch Business, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.	gadsaad@jmsb.concordia.ca					Abed RT, 1998, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V71, P525, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb01007.x; Brown RM, 1999, SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT, V29, P58; Buss D., 2005, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY; Buss D. 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M., 1996, SUICIDE LIFE SPAN PR; Trivers R., 1972, SEXUAL SELECTION DES, P136, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2008.01540.X; Voracek M, 2004, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V37, P543, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2003.09.025; Winterhalder B, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P51; Zacharakis CA, 2005, EUR PSYCHIAT, V20, P110, DOI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.11.011	37	11	12	0	5	CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE	EDINBURGH	JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND	0306-9877			MED HYPOTHESES	Med. Hypotheses		2007	68	3					692	696		10.1016/j.mehy.2006.08.012				5	Medicine, Research & Experimental	Research & Experimental Medicine	136NX	WOS:000244232500036	17011714				2018-11-12	
J	Engqvist, L				Engqvist, Leif			Environment-dependent genetic correlations between development time and body mass in a scorpionfly	ZOOLOGY			English	Article						Panorpa cognata; food availability; life history evolution; genotype-by-environment interaction; reaction norms	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; AQUARIUS-REMIGIS HETEROPTERA; PANORPA-VULGARIS MECOPTERA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; GROWTH STRATEGIES; REACTION NORMS; TRADE-OFF; EVOLUTION; SIZE	Development time and body mass at maturation are two important fitness traits fundamental for our understanding of life history theory. Generally, fast development is associated with small adult body mass, as it will take longer to grow large. However, the strength of this trade-off may depend on average food availability, as the potential benefit of long development will depend on the rate of food intake. Here, I report results of a food manipulation experiment during larval development of the scorpionfly Panorpa cognata (Insecta, Mecoptera). Development time showed considerable genetic variation, yet food level had no influence and there was a strong genetic correlation in development time across environments. As expected, larval and adult body weight was significantly affected by food availability. Furthermore, body mass was influenced by a highly significant genotype-by-environment interaction. The reaction norm for body mass in response to food treatment was much stronger in families with long development time compared with rapidly developing genotypes. This effect was accompanied by a shift in the genetic correlation between development time and body size when comparing the two food levels. Specifically, the genetic correlation between body mass and development time changed from being positive at high food levels to a negative genetic correlation at low food levels. These results are consistent with other empirical findings demonstrating a similar shift in genetic correlations between body mass and development time when comparing favourable and unfavourable environmental conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	Univ Bonn, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, D-53121 Bonn, Germany	Engqvist, L (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.	lengqvist@evolution.uni-bonn.de	Engqvist, Leif/C-3595-2009	Engqvist, Leif/0000-0002-9434-7130			Aiken L.S., 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Blanckenhorn WU, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1394, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02021.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 2004, EVOL ECOL, V18, P385, DOI 10.1007/s10682-004-2680-z; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V97, P354, DOI 10.1007/BF00317325; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1995, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V8, P21, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8010021.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 1999, EVOL ECOL, V13, P395, DOI 10.1023/A:1006741222586; BOCKWINKEL G, 1994, ANIM BEHAV, V47, P203, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1023; BYERS GW, 1983, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V28, P203, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.001223; Engqvist L, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P1196, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00613.x; Engqvist L, 2003, ETHOLOGY, V109, P911, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00937.x; Engqvist L, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P729, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1423; Ernande B, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P342, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00674.x; Falconer DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; FRY JD, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P540, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02057.x; GEBHARDT MD, 1988, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V1, P335, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1988.1040335.x; GILLESPIE JH, 1989, GENETICS, V121, P129; Gotthard K, 2001, EXPTL BIOL REV, P287; Hoffmann A.A., 1991, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC; Hoffmann AA, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P96, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01595-5; Houle D, 1996, GENETICS, V143, P1467; Jia FY, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P953; Kause A, 2001, GENET RES, V78, P31, DOI 10.1017/S0016672301005171; Kause A, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1992; LEGENDRE P, 2001, MODEL 2 REGRESSION U; Messina FJ, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P501, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00535.x; NEWMAN RA, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P763, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02494.x; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; Pigliucci M, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P481, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.06.001; Reznick D, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01941-8; ROFF D, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V45, P202, DOI 10.1007/BF00346461; Roff D. 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J	Cornwell, RE; Smith, MJL; Boothroyd, LG; Moore, FR; Davis, HP; Stirrat, M; Tiddeman, B; Perrett, DI				Cornwell, R. Elisabeth; Smith, Miriam J. Law; Boothroyd, Lynda G.; Moore, Fhionna R.; Davis, Hasker P.; Stirrat, Michael; Tiddeman, Bernard; Perrett, David I.			Reproductive strategy, sexual development and attraction to facial characteristics	PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						face; attraction; development; masculinity; mate value; assortative mating	LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; FATHER ABSENCE; EARLY ADOLESCENCE; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; PUBERTAL MATURATION; FEMALE PREFERENCES; NATURAL-SELECTION	Sexual reproduction strategies vary both between and within species in the level of investment in offspring. Life-history theories suggest that the rate of sexual maturation is critically linked to reproductive strategy, with high investment being associated with few offspring and delayed maturation. For humans, age of puberty and age of first sex are two developmental milestones that have been associated with reproductive strategies. Stress during early development can retard or accelerate sexual maturation and reproduction. Early age of menarche is associated with absence of younger siblings, absence of a father figure during early life and increased weight. Father absence during early life is also associated with early marriage, pregnancy and divorce. Choice of partner characteristics is critical to successful implementation of sexual strategies. It has been suggested that sexually dimorphic traits (including those evident in the face) signal high-quality immune function and reproductive status. Masculinity in males has also been associated with low investment in mate and offspring. Thus, women's reproductive strategy should be matched to the probability of male investment, hence to male masculinity. Our review leads us to predict associations between the rate of sexual maturation and adult preferences for facial characteristics (enhanced sexual dimorphism and attractiveness). We find for men, engaging in sex at an early age is related to an increased preference for feminized female faces. Similarly, for women, the earlier the age of first sex the greater the preference for masculinity in opposite-sex faces. When we controlled sexual dimorphism in male faces, the speed of sexual development in women was not associated with differences in preference for male facial attractiveness. These developmental influences on partner choice were not mediated by self-rated attractiveness or parental relationships. We conclude that individuals assort in preferences based on the rapidity of their sexual development. Fast developing individuals prefer opposite-sex partners with an increased level of sexually dimorphic facial characteristics.	Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland; Univ Colorado, Dept Psychol, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA; Univ St Andrews, Sch Comp Sci, St Andrews KY16 9SX, Fife, Scotland	Cornwell, RE (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, South St, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland.	dp@st-andrews.ac.uk	Stirrat, Michael/D-8046-2011; Boothroyd, Lynda/B-9168-2009	Stirrat, Michael/0000-0003-3796-6266; Boothroyd, Lynda/0000-0001-6660-5828			AHMED SA, 1990, BAILLIERE CLIN RHEUM, V4, P13, DOI 10.1016/S0950-3579(05)80241-9; Badyaev AV, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P591, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.5.591; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; BELSKY J, 1987, T SOC, V24, P20; Bereczkei T, 2001, INT J BEHAV DEV, V25, P501, DOI 10.1080/01650250042000573; BERG E, 2003, J DIVORCE REMARRIAGE, V0040; BERSCHEID E, 1971, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V7, P173, DOI 10.1016/0022-1031(71)90065-5; BLACK C, 1985, ADOLESCENCE, V20, P281; Boothroyd LG, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P2375, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3579; 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	DEC 29	2006	361	1476					2143	2154		10.1098/rstb.2006.1936				12	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	114SI	WOS:000242685500007	17118929	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Robbins, AM; Robbins, MM; Gerald-Steklis, N; Steklis, HD				Robbins, Andrew M.; Robbins, Martha M.; Gerald-Steklis, Netzin; Steklis, H. Dieter			Age-related patterns of reproductive success among female mountain gorillas	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						maternal experience; maternal investment; reproductive senescence; reproductive termination; interbirth interval	MANDRILLS MANDRILLUS-SPHINX; COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; POSTREPRODUCTIVE LIFE-SPAN; NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; RHESUS MACAQUES; HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; PRESBYTIS-ENTELLUS; JAPANESE MONKEYS	A key goal of life history theory is to explain the effects of age and parity on the reproductive success of iteroparous organisms. Age-related patterns may be influenced by changes in maternal experience or physical condition, and they may reflect maternal investment trade-offs between current versus future reproduction. This article examines the influences of age and parity upon the interbirth intervals (IBI), offspring survival, and birth rates of 66 female mountain gorillas in the Virunga Volcano region from 1967-2004. Fertility was relatively low for females below age 12; improved as they matured; and then declined as they aged further. Primiparous mothers had 50% higher offspring mortality and 20% longer IBI than second-time mothers, though only the difference with IBI was statistically significant. The length of subsequent IBI was positively correlated with birth order but not with the mother's age. Mountain gorillas showed no evidence of an extended postreproductive lifespan. Age-related patterns seem most likely to reflect changes in the physical condition of the mother, but more detailed studies are needed to quantify those physical differences, and to obtain behavioral evidence that would provide more direct measures of maternal investment and experience.	Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund Int, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA	Robbins, MM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.	robbins@eva.mpg.de					Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; ANDERSON CM, 1986, INT J PRIMATOL, V7, P305, DOI 10.1007/BF02736394; Atsalis S, 2004, AM J PRIMATOL, V62, P123, DOI 10.1002/ajp.20010; ATSALIS S, IN PRESS INT J PRIMA; Bellino FL, 2003, BIOL REPROD, V68, P10, DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.005215; Bercovitch FB, 1998, AM J PRIMATOL, V46, P135, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)46:2<135::AID-AJP3>3.3.CO;2-A; BERCOVITCH FB, 1993, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V32, P103, DOI 10.1007/BF00164042; Bercovitch FB, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P1, DOI 10.1007/s002650000204; Berube CH, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P2555, DOI 10.2307/177240; Black A, 2002, GERONTOLOGY, V48, P72, DOI 10.1159/000048930; Bloomsmith MA, 2003, APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI, V84, P235, DOI 10.1016/j.applanim.2003.08.005; Boesch C, 1997, ANIM BEHAV, V54, P811, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0510; BORRIES C, 1991, INT J PRIMATOL, V12, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02547586; Broussard DR, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P212, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00691.x; Cameron EZ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P243, DOI 10.1007/s002650050661; CARO TM, 1995, INT J PRIMATOL, V16, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02735478; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Cohen AA, 2004, BIOL REV, V79, P733, DOI 10.1017/S1464793103006432; Colas S, 1999, INT J PRIMATOL, V20, P911, DOI 10.1023/A:1020878618941; CURIO E, 1983, IBIS, V125, P400, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1983.tb03130.x; Czekala N. 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J. Phys. Anthropol.	DEC	2006	131	4					511	521		10.1002/ajpa.20474				11	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	105NS	WOS:000242038000008	16941601				2018-11-12	
J	Anderson, KG; Kaplan, H; Lancaster, JB				Anderson, Kermyt G.; Kaplan, Hillard; Lancaster, Jane B.			Demographic correlates of paternity confidence and pregnancy outcomes among Albuquerque men	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						paternity assessment; abortion; miscarriage; life-history theory	MALE PARENTAL CARE; DISCRIMINATIVE GRANDPARENTAL SOLICITUDE; CHILD-SUPPORT; MISATTRIBUTED PATERNITY; MATRILATERAL BIASES; RESEMBLANCE; INVESTMENT; FAMILY; FATHERS; BIRDS	We examine the demographic correlates of paternity confidence, or men's assessment of the likelihood that they are the genetic father of a particular child. Evolutionary theory predicts that men will provide less parental investment for putative genetic offspring who are unlikely to be their actual offspring, but confidence of paternity has not been as extensively examined as its importance would merit. Using self-reported data on paternity confidence in 3,360 pregnancies reported by men living in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we find that low paternity confidence is more common among unmarried couples and for unplanned pregnancies. We also find that men are more likely not to state paternity confidence (i.e., they refuse to answer the question) if a pregnancy is unplanned. We additionally examine the pregnancy outcomes associated with confidence of paternity. We find that low paternity confidence pregnancies are significantly more likely to be aborted, and pregnancies for which paternity confidence is unstated are more likely to be aborted or to miscarry. Both abortion and miscarriage are associated with unmarried couples, with unplanned pregnancies, and with couples who have fewer children together.	Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA; Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Human Evolutionary Ecol Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Anderson, KG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.	kganders@ou.edu		Kaplan, Hillard/0000-0002-7398-7358			Adu S. A., 1996, Central African Journal of Medicine, V42, P198; Alexander R.D., 1974, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V5, P325, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545; Alfred J, 2002, NAT REV GENET, V3, P161, DOI 10.1038/nrg757; Allison DB, 1996, INT J OBESITY, V20, P553; Anderson KG, 2003, BIODEMOGRAPHY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY, P57; Anderson KG, 1999, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V20, P405, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(99)00023-9; ANDERSON KG, 2006, IN PRESS EVOL HUM BE; ANDERSON KG, 2006, IN PRESS CURR ANTHR; Apicella CL, 2004, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V25, P371, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.06.003; Baker R. 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J. Phys. Anthropol.	DEC	2006	131	4					560	571		10.1002/ajpa.20452				12	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	105NS	WOS:000242038000015	16685730				2018-11-12	
J	Depczynski, M; Bellwood, DR				Depczynski, Martial; Bellwood, David R.			Extremes, plasticity, and invariance in vertebrate life history traits: Insights from coral reef fishes	ECOLOGY			English	Article						age; biomass; body size; coral reefs; Gobiidae; growth; lifetime fecundity; mortality; pelagic larval duration; reproduction; trade-offs; turnover	PARENTAL CARE; EVIOTA-ABAX; GROWTH; MORTALITY; LARVAL; GOBIIDAE; EVOLUTION; GOBIES; RATES; COMMUNITIES	Life history theory predicts a range of directional generic responses in life history traits with increasing organism size. Among these are the relationships between size and longevity, mortality, growth rate, timing of maturity, and lifetime reproductive output. Spanning three orders of magnitude in size, coral reef fishes provide an ecologically diverse and species-rich vertebrate assemblage in which to test these generic responses. Here we examined these relationships by quantifying the life cycles of three miniature species of coral reef fish from the genus Eviota (Gobiidae) and compared their life history characteristics with other reef fish species. We found that all three species of Eviota have life spans of,100 days, suffer high daily mortality rates of 7-8%, exhibit rapid linear growth, and matured at an earlier than expected size. Although lifetime reproductive output was low, consistent with their small body sizes, short generation times of 47-74 days help overcome low individual fecundity and appear to be a critical feature in maintaining Eviota populations. Comparisons with other coral reef fish species showed that Eviota species live on the evolutionary margins of life history possibilities for vertebrate animals. This addition of demographic information on these smallest size classes of coral reef fishes greatly extends our knowledge to encompass the full size spectrum and highlights the potential for coral reef fishes to contribute to vertebrate life history studies.	James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol, ARC, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia	Bellwood, DR (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol, ARC, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SUNOBE T, 1987, J FAC AGR KYUSHU U, V31, P287; Sunobe T, 1998, ICHTHYOL RES, V45, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02725195; Sunobe Tomoki, 1995, Natural History Research, V3, P153; Taru M, 2000, B MAR SCI, V66, P507; Thresher R., 1984, REPROD REEF FISHES; Toms JD, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2034, DOI 10.1890/02-0472; Watson W, 2004, REC AUST MUS, V56, P139, DOI 10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1429; WEST G, 1990, AUST J MAR FRESH RES, V41, P199; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; Wilson DT, 1999, MAR BIOL, V134, P29, DOI 10.1007/s002270050522; Wilson SK, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V284, P253, DOI 10.3354/meps284253; WINTERBOTTOM R, 1981, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V6, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF00002777; Wootton R. J., 1990, ECOLOGY TELEOST FISH	63	48	48	0	32	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0012-9658	1939-9170		ECOLOGY	Ecology	DEC	2006	87	12					3119	3127		10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3119:EPAIIV]2.0.CO;2				9	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	120OL	WOS:000243094300019	17249236				2018-11-12	
J	Etterson, MA; Bennett, RS				Etterson, Matthew A.; Bennett, Richard S.			On the use of published demographic data for population-level risk assessment in birds	HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT			English	Article						population-level risk assessment; demographic models; surrogate data	FINDING CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NEST SUCCESS; GROWTH RATE; AUXILIARY VARIABLES; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN METHODS; MAYFIELD METHOD; SURVIVAL	As the practice of using population models for wildlife risk assessment has become more common, so has the practice of using surrogate data, typically taken from the published scientific literature, as inputs for demographic models. This practice clearly exposes the user to inferential errors. However, it is likely to continue because demographic data are expensive to gather. We review potential errors associated with the use of previously published demographic data and how those errors propagate into the endpoints of demographic projection models. We suggest methods for inferring bias in model endpoints when multiple and opposing biases are present in the demographic input data. We provide an example using Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), a common songbird in Midwestern grasslands and agro-ecosystems. We conclude with a brief review of methods that could improve inference made using published demographic data, including methods from life-history theory, meta-analysis, and Bayesian statistics.	US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA	Etterson, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.	etterson.matthew@epa.gov					Aebischer NJ, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P22; Akaike H., 1973, 2 INT S INF THEOR, P267, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_; Akcakaya HR, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P422, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96164.x; ALVAREZBUYLLA ER, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P221, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90026-T; ALVAREZBUYLLA ER, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P255, DOI 10.2307/1939401; ALVAREZBUYLLA ER, 1993, OIKOS, V68, P273, DOI 10.2307/3544840; Bartell SM, 2003, HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS, V9, P907, DOI 10.1080/713610016; Beissinger SR, 1998, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V62, P821, DOI 10.2307/3802534; BEISSINGER SR, 1997, RECOVERY PLAN MARBLE, pB1; BENNETT R, HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS, V12, P762; Boyce MS, 2005, J APPL ECOL, V42, P38, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00986.x; Broekhuizen N, 2003, J APPL ECOL, V40, P678, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00834.x; Brook BW, 2000, CONSERV BIOL, V14, P564, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99039.x; Brooks SP, 2002, J APPL STAT, V29, P187, DOI 10.1080/02664760120108683; Burnham K. 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K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT ANIM; YOUNG H, 1968, ECOLOGY, V49, P991, DOI 10.2307/1936550	88	8	8	0	12	TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC	PHILADELPHIA	325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA	1080-7039			HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS	Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess.	DEC	2006	12	6					1074	1093		10.1080/10807030600977277				20	Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	100DG	WOS:000241647000003					2018-11-12	
J	Vigil, JM; Geary, DC				Vigil, Jacob M.; Geary, David C.			Parenting and community background and variation in women's life-history development	JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						child development; parenting style; sexual behaviors; life history; family relations	SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PUBERTAL MATURATION; CHILD MALTREATMENT; MENTAL-HEALTH; FAMILY; EVOLUTION; AGE; SOCIALIZATION; NEIGHBORHOOD; PLASTICITY	For a community sample of 623 low-income women (mean age = 26.9 years), the authors use life-history theory to explore relations between parenting and community background and timing of reproductive development and sexual behaviors. Among other patterns, reported levels of paternal involvement during childhood were related to delayed menarche and ages at 1st sexual intercourse and 1st childbirth. The relation between parental investment and women's reproductive delay varied with estimates of wealth in the community in which the participants grew up. The results suggest that parents increased their investment as the level of community wealth increased, and in ways that likely facilitated women's ability to compete for social status in adulthood. Implications for future research on the relation between parenting and child outcomes are discussed.	Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA	Vigil, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.	jmv427@mizzou.edu	Vigil, Jacob/D-6044-2013				ADLER NE, 1994, AM PSYCHOL, V49, P15, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.49.1.15; Alexander R. D., 1987, BIOL MORAL SYSTEMS; Amato PR, 1998, MEN IN FAMILIES, P241; BARON RM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1173, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; BRONFENBRENNER U, 1986, DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P723, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.22.6.723; Burgess RL, 1999, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V10, P373, DOI 10.1007/s12110-999-1008-7; Caspi A, 2000, PSYCHOL SCI, V11, P338, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.00267; Ceci SJ, 1997, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P1051, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.52.10.1051; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Clutton-Brock T. H., 1991, EVOLUTION PARENTAL C; Comings DE, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P1046, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00456; de Bruin JP, 2001, HUM REPROD, V16, P2014, DOI 10.1093/humrep/16.9.2014; Duncan Otis Dudley, 1967, AM OCCUPATIONAL STRU; Ellis BJ, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P387, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Feinstein L, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1329, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00743.x; Flinn Mark V, 1999, HORMONES HLTH BEHAV, P105; Geary D. C., 1998, MALE FEMALE EVOLUTIO; Geary DC, 2001, PARENT-SCI PRACT, V1, P5, DOI 10.1207/S15327922PAR011&2_2; Geary DC, 2000, PSYCHOL BULL, V126, P55, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.55; Geary DC, 2002, ADV CHILD DEV BEHAV, V30, P41, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2407(02)80039-8; Geary DC, 2004, J SEX RES, V41, P27, DOI 10.1080/00224490409552211; Geary DC, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P57, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00118; HARRIS JR, 1995, PSYCHOL REV, V102, P458, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.102.3.458; Harris KM, 1996, J FAM ISSUES, V17, P614, DOI 10.1177/019251396017005003; Jaffee SR, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P109, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00524; KAPLAN H, 2000, EVOLUTIONARY ANTHR, V10, P223; Kaplan HS, 1998, MEN IN FAMILIES, P55; Kirk KM, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P423; Klebanov PK, 1998, CHILD DEV, V69, P1420, DOI 10.2307/1132275; Korpelainen H, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1765, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1208; LIN N, 1981, SOC FORCES, V59, P1163, DOI 10.2307/2577987; Loving TJ, 2001, J SOC PERS RELAT, V18, P551, DOI 10.1177/0265407501184007; MOSHER WD, 1988, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V78, P181, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.78.2.181; Must A, 2002, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V155, P672, DOI 10.1093/aje/155.7.672; Roff Derek A., 1992; Roosa MW, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P567, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00166; Sapolsky RM, 2004, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V33, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.144000; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00560.x; Vigil JM, 2005, DEV PSYCHOL, V41, P553, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.41.3.553; West GB, 2001, NATURE, V413, P628, DOI 10.1038/35098076; Whisman MA, 2005, J FAM PSYCHOL, V19, P111, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200-19.1.111; Widom CS, 2004, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V28, P715, DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.03.009; Wilson M, 1997, BRIT MED J, V314, P1271, DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1271	48	17	17	0	11	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC	WASHINGTON	750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA	0893-3200	1939-1293		J FAM PSYCHOL	J. Fam. Psychol.	DEC	2006	20	4					597	604		10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.597				8	Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies	Psychology; Family Studies	116DD	WOS:000242781800008	17176194				2018-11-12	
J	Radder, RS				Radder, Rajkumar S.			An overview of geographic variation in the life history traits of the tropical agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor	CURRENT SCIENCE			English	Review						Calotes versicolor; geographic variation; life history; lizards; reptiles; reproduction	ORIENTAL GARDEN LIZARD; SCELOPORUS-UNDULATUS; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; GROWTH-RATES; SIZE; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT	Life history theory seeks to explain patterns of variation among geographically widespread populations of same species to understand their ecology and adaptations. To date, very few attempts have been made to review and compare life history traits of tropical reptiles, especially those that inhabit the Asian continent. Among tropical reptiles, the agamid lizard Calotes versicolor is widespread, extensively studied and thus 'tailor made' to understand geographic variation if any. Therefore, in this review, life history traits of C versicolor are compared to understand variation in life history with reference to their geographical distribution. The examination of C versicolor populations across its geographic range demonstrates considerable variation in some of the life history traits but not in all. For example, there is no sexual size dimorphism at hatching in one population but it is apparent in another. Body size, mass, reproductive output, influence of incubation thermal regimes on eggs and embryos differ between the populations. There is a trade-off between clutch size and egg size in one population but egg size is optimised in another. Lizards that belong to one population mature at a smaller size but at the same age compared to another population. Also, embryos exhibit high thermal tolerance in one population compared to another. These emergent life history patterns from the comparisons are discussed in light of traditional as well as recent views and theories of life history in reptiles.	Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	Radder, RS (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Bldg A08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.	raju@mail.usyd.edu.au					Adolph SC, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P267, DOI 10.2307/3546065; ADOLPH SC, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P273, DOI 10.1086/285538; Andrews R.M., 1982, Biology of Reptilia, V13, P273; Andrews RM, 1998, J THERM BIOL, V23, P329, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4565(98)00018-7; Angilletta MJ, 2001, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V74, P11; Ballinger R.E., 1983, P241; BALLINGER RE, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P901, DOI 10.2307/1936858; BALLINGER RE, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P269, DOI 10.2307/1934336; Bauwens D, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P91, DOI 10.1086/285980; Begon M., 1990, ECOLOGY INDIVIDUALS, P473; BELLAIRS A, 1971, ENZYKLOPADIE NATUR, V11, P767; BERVEN KA, 1983, AM ZOOL, V23, P85; BLANCHARD F., 2000, GUIDE MILIEUX NATURE; Boulenger G. 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J	Brown, JH; Sibly, RM				Brown, James H.; Sibly, Richard M.			Life-history evolution under a production constraint	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						allometry; life-history theory; metabolic ecology	BODY-SIZE; RULE; MAMMALS; CLIMATE; BIRDS; LAW	The recently formulated metabolic theory of ecology has profound implications for the evolution of life histories. Metabolic rate constrains the scaling of production with body mass, so that larger organisms have lower rates of production on a mass-specific basis than smaller ones. Here, we explore the implications of this constraint for life-history evolution. We show that for a range of very simple life histories, Darwinian fitness is equal to birth rate minus death rate. So, natural selection maximizes birth and production rates and minimizes death rates. This implies that decreased body size will generally be favored because it increases production, so long as mortality is unaffected. Alternatively, increased body size will be favored only if it decreases mortality or enhances reproductive success sufficiently to override the preexisting production constraint. Adaptations that may favor evolution of larger size include niche shifts that decrease mortality by escaping predation or that increase fecundity by exploiting new abundant food sources. These principles can be generalized to better understand the intimate relationship between the genetic currency of evolution and the metabolic currency of ecology.	Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England; Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA	Brown, JH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	jhbrown@unm.edu		Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543			Abouheif E, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P540, DOI 10.1086/286004; Alroy J, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P731, DOI 10.1126/science.280.5364.731; Ashton KG, 2002, CAN J ZOOL, V80, P708, DOI 10.1139/Z02-049; ATKINSON D, 1994, ADV ECOL RES, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3; Atkinson D, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P235, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01058-6; Bergmann C, 1847, GOTTINGER STUDIEN, V1, P595; Brown J. H., 1995, MACROECOLOGY; BROWN JH, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P573, DOI 10.1086/285558; Brown JH, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1771, DOI 10.1890/03-9000; Calder W. A., 1984, SIZE FUNCTION LIFE H; Campbell N. A., 2002, BIOLOGY; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV E L, 1982; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Ernest SKM, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P990, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00526.x; FISHER RA, 1930, GENET THEORY NAT SEL; FOSTER JB, 1964, NATURE, V202, P234, DOI 10.1038/202234a0; Glazier DS, 2005, BIOL REV, V80, P611, DOI 10.1017/S1464793105006834; HUME ID, 1989, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V62, P1145, DOI 10.1086/physzool.62.6.30156206; JAMES FC, 1970, ECOLOGY, V51, P365, DOI 10.2307/1935374; LINSTEDT SL, 1981, Q REV BIOL, V56, P1; Lomolino MV, 2005, J BIOGEOGR, V32, P1683, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01314.x; NEE S, 1991, NATURE, V351, P312, DOI 10.1038/351312a0; OWENSMITH RN, 1988, INFLUENCE VERY LARGE; Peters R.H., 1983, P1; RAY CARLETON, 1960, JOUR MORPHOL, V106, P85, DOI 10.1002/jmor.1051060104; Rensch B., 1950, Bonner Zoologische Beitraege, V1, P58; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roth V.L., 1990, P151; SIBLY R, 1987, J THEOR BIOL, V125, P177, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(87)80039-5; Sibly R.M., 1981, P109; Sibly R.M., 2002, ENCY EVOLUTION, P623; SIBLY RM, 1993, J THEOR BIOL, V160, P533, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1993.1034; SIBLY RM, 1992, GENES ECOLOGY, P87; Sinclair A.R.E., 1989, P197; Sinclair ARE, 1996, FRONTIERS OF POPULATION ECOLOGY, P127; SMITH FA, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P2012, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5244.2012; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST	38	83	87	0	34	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	NOV 21	2006	103	47					17595	17599		10.1073/pnas.0608522103				5	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	111PG	WOS:000242464900005	17090668	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Miller, TEX; Tyre, AJ; Louda, SM				Miller, Tom E. X.; Tyre, Andrew J.; Louda, Svata M.			Plant reproductive allocation predicts herbivore dynamics across spatial and temporal scales	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						demographic model; herbivory; insect-plant interactions; Opuntia; population dynamics; resource allocation	SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MERISTEM ALLOCATION; SEED PREDATION; LIFE-HISTORY; CONSEQUENCES; PATTERNS; FITNESS; GROWTH	Life-history theory suggests that iteroparous plants should be flexible in their allocation of resources toward growth and reproduction. Such plasticity could have consequences for herbivores that prefer or specialize on vegetative versus reproductive structures. To test this prediction, we studied the response of the cactus bug ( Narnia pallidicornis) to meristem allocation by tree cholla cactus ( Opuntia imbricata). We evaluated the explanatory power of demographic models that incorporated variation in cactus relative reproductive effort ( RRE; the proportion of meristems allocated toward reproduction). Field data provided strong support for a single model that defined herbivore fecundity as a time-varying, increasing function of host RRE. High-RRE plants were predicted to support larger insect populations, and this effect was strongest late in the season. Independent field data provided strong support for these qualitative predictions and suggested that plant allocation effects extend across temporal and spatial scales. Specifically, late-season insect abundance was positively associated with interannual changes in cactus RRE over 3 years. Spatial variation in insect abundance was correlated with variation in RRE among five cactus populations across New Mexico. We conclude that plant allocation can be a critical component of resource quality for insect herbivores and, thus, an important mechanism underlying variation in herbivore abundance across time and space.	Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA	Miller, TEX (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.	tmiller2@unl.edu; atyre2@unl.edu; slouda@unl.edu					Agrawal AA, 2004, AM NAT, V164, P113, DOI 10.1086/420980; Bazzaz FA, 1997, PLANT RESOURCE ALLOC; Benson L., 1982, CACTI US MEXICO; Bigger David S., 1998, Integrative Biology, V1, P60, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:2<60::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-Z; Bonser SP, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P347, DOI 10.2307/3546076; Bowers JE, 1996, B TORREY BOT CLUB, V123, P34, DOI 10.2307/2996304; Bradley KL, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2214, DOI 10.1890/02-3082; Burnham Kenneth P, 1998, MODEL SELECTION MULT; Crawley Michael J., 1997, P401; CRAWLEY MJ, 1983, HERBIVORY DYNAMICS A; Denno RF, 1983, VARIABLE PLANTS HERB; DOAK DF, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P2086, DOI 10.2307/1941457; Duffy NM, 1999, OIKOS, V84, P284, DOI 10.2307/3546723; EDELSTEINKESHET L, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P787, DOI 10.1086/284953; Ehrlen J, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P796, DOI 10.1086/379350; GEBER MA, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P799, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb03806.x; Geber Monica A., 1997, P113, DOI 10.1016/B978-012083490-7/50006-2; Gibson A. C., 1986, CACTUS PRIMER; Harper J. L., 1977, POPULATION BIOL PLAN; Hartemink N, 2004, OIKOS, V105, P159, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12784.x; Hilborn R., 1997, ECOLOGICAL DETECTIVE; Holland JN, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1807, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2789; Huberty AF, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1383, DOI 10.1890/03-0352; KINRAIDE T B, 1978, Southwestern Naturalist, V23, P117, DOI 10.2307/3669987; Klinkhamer PGL, 1997, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V10, P529; Larsson S, 2000, OIKOS, V89, P440, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890303.x; LOUDA SM, 1983, ECOLOGY, V64, P511, DOI 10.2307/1939971; LOUDA SM, 1982, ECOL MONOGR, V52, P25, DOI 10.2307/2937343; LOUDA SM, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P229, DOI 10.2307/1940645; LOUDA SM, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P153, DOI 10.2307/1938728; MANN J, 1969, CACTUS FEEDING INSEC; Mann J., 1970, CACTI NATURALIZED AU; Maron JL, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1281; Mendez M, 2004, OIKOS, V104, P59, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12335.x; Obeso JR, 2002, NEW PHYTOL, V155, P321, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00477.x; Olejniczak P, 2001, OIKOS, V95, P156, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950118.x; Pimienta-Barrios E, 2002, CACTI BIOL USES, P75; Prado PIKL, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P80, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00173.x; RAUSHER MD, 1981, ECOL MONOGR, V51, P1, DOI 10.2307/2937304; Reekie E. G., 1999, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION, P173; RHOADES DF, 1983, VARIABLE PLANTS HERB, P55; Root RB, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1074, DOI 10.2307/2265577; ROOT RB, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P393, DOI 10.2307/2937117; Silvertown J, 1999, AM NAT, V154, P321, DOI 10.1086/303238; Underwood N, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1565, DOI 10.2307/177307; Vuorisalo T. O., 1999, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; WATSON MA, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P411, DOI 10.1086/284212; WHITE TCR, 1984, OECOLOGIA, V63, P90, DOI 10.1007/BF00379790	48	21	23	2	25	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147			AM NAT	Am. Nat.	NOV	2006	168	5					608	616		10.1086/509610				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	105GR	WOS:000242018900003	17080360	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Kuriwada, T; Kasuya, E				Kuriwada, T.; Kasuya, E.			Female responsiveness is negatively correlated with life expectancy in Meloimorpha japonica (Orthoptera : Gryllidae)	ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA			English	Article						cricket; mate choice; life history strategy; sexual selection	SEXUAL SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MATING PREFERENCES; MATE-CHOICE; AGE; CONSEQUENCES; INVESTMENT; HISTORY; CRICKET; SIGNAL	Life history theory predicts that current reproductive investment should increase as life expectancy decreases. We adapted the prediction to female mate choice behavior and examined the effect of life expectancy on two components of female choice of the cricket Meloimorpha japonica (De Haan) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). We measured female responsiveness and female preference by using a two-choice playback experiment of male calling songs. Females with a shorter life span exhibited higher responsiveness to the male calling song. No significant effect of life span on female preference for male calling songs was found. We discuss the implications of these results for sexual selection and life history strategy.	Kyushu Univ, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan	Kuriwada, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Sci, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.	tkurisch@mbox.nc.kyushu-u.ac.jp					Brooks R, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1644; CHARLESWORTH B, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P449, DOI 10.1086/283079; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; *CYT SOFTW CORP, 2004, LOGXAXT 6 2 US MAN; Engqvist L, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P632, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.5.632; Gerhardt HC, 2002, ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATI; Gray DA, 1999, J INSECT BEHAV, V12, P691, DOI 10.1023/A:1020983821436; Hoglund J, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P478, DOI 10.2307/3546675; Javois J, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V68, P249, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.10.022; Jennions MD, 1997, BIOL REV, V72, P283, DOI 10.1017/S0006323196005014; Kemp DJ, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1341, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2000; Kodric-Brown A, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P316, DOI 10.1086/319191; Mauck RA, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P880, DOI 10.1554/03-147; Moore PJ, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9171, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161154598; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Ryder JJ, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1171, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1125; Scheuber H, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V65, P721, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2083; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Syriatowicz Alexandra, 2004, BMC Ecology, V4, P5, DOI 10.1186/1472-6785-4-5; Widemo F, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P26, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01531-6; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060; Williams GC, 1966, ADAPTATION NATURAL S	22	6	6	0	2	ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA	LANHAM	10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA	0013-8746			ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM	Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.	NOV	2006	99	6					1244	1247		10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1244:FRINCW]2.0.CO;2				4	Entomology	Entomology	105ME	WOS:000242033400027		Other Gold			2018-11-12	
J	Sockman, KW; Sharp, PJ; Schwabl, H				Sockman, Keith W.; Sharp, Peter J.; Schwabl, Hubert			Orchestration of avian reproductive effort: an integration of the ultimate and proximate bases for flexibility in clutch size, incubation behaviour, and yolk androgen deposition	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Review						clutch size; egg laying; hatching asynchrony; life-history traits; maternal androgens; maternal effects; parental care; prolactin; seasonal breeding; yolk androgens	WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; FINCHES TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; TURKEY MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO; KESTREL FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; FEMALE ZEBRA FINCHES; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; OFFSPRING SEX-RATIO	How much effort to expend in any one bout of reproduction is among the most important decisions made by an individual that breeds more than once. According to life-history theory, reproduction is costly, and individuals that invest too much in a given reproductive bout pay with reduced reproductive output in the future. Likewise, investing , too little does not maximize reproductive potential. Because reproductive effort relative to output can vary with predictable and unpredictable challenges and opportunities, no single level of reproductive effort maximizes fitness. This leads to the prediction that individuals possessing behavioural mechanisms to buffer challenges and take advantage of opportunities would incur fitness benefits. Here, we review evidence in birds, primarily of altricial species, for the presence of at least two such mechanisms and evidence for and against the seasonal coordination of these mechanisms through seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of the pituitary hormone prolactin. First, the seasonal decline in clutch size of most bird species may partially offset a predictable seasonal decline in the reproductive value of offspring. Second, establishing a developmental sibling-hierarchy among offspring may), hedge against unpredictable changes in resource availability and offspring viability or quality, and minimize energy), expenditure in raising a brood. The hierarchy may be a product, in part, of the timing of incubation onset relative to clutch completion and the rate of yolk androgen deposition during the laying cycle. Because clutch size should influence the effects of both these traits on the developmental hierarchy, we predicted and describe evidence in some species that females adjust the timing of incubation onset and rate of yolk androuen deposition to match clutch size. Studies on domesticated precocial species reveal an inhibitory effect of the pituitary hormone prolactin on egg layin 9, suggesting a possible hormonal basis for the regulation of clutch size. Studies on the American kestrel (Falco sparverius) and other species suggest that the seasonal increase in plasma concentrations of prolactin may regulate both a seasonal advance in the timing of incubation onset and a seasonal increase in the rate of yolk androgen deposition. These observations, together with strong conceptual arguments published previously, raise the possibility that a single hormone, prolactin, functions as the basis of a common mechanism for the seasonal adjustment of reproductive effort. However, a role for prolactin in regulating, clutch size in any species is not firmly established, and evidence from some species indicates that clutch size may not be coupled to the timing of incubation onset and rate of yolk androgen deposition. A dissociation between the regulation of clutch size and the regulation of incubation onset and yolk androgen deposition may enable an independent response to the predictable and unpredictable challenges and opportunities faced during reproduction.	Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Roslin Inst, Div Genet & Genom, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland; Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA	Sockman, KW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.	kws@unc.edu			NIMH NIH HHS [MH 49877]		ALEXANDER B, 1970, POULTRY SCI, V49, P632, DOI 10.3382/ps.0490632; Alexander R.D., 1974, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V5, P325, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Anderson DJ, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P331, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00091.x; Aparicio JM, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P129, DOI 10.1007/s002650050372; APARICIO JM, 1994, OIKOS, V71, P451, DOI 10.2307/3545833; Aparicio JM, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1188; Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; ASTHEIMER LB, 1985, AUK, V102, P401, DOI 10.2307/4086789; ASTHEIMER LB, 1992, ORNIS SCAND, V23, P355, DOI 10.2307/3676661; 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Rev.	NOV	2006	81	4					629	666		10.1017/S1464793106007147				38	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	110DL	WOS:000242358400008	17038202				2018-11-12	
J	Shutler, D; Clark, RG; Fehr, C; Diamond, AW				Shutler, Dave; Clark, Robert G.; Fehr, Carla; Diamond, Antony W.			Time and recruitment costs as currencies in manipulation studies on the costs of reproduction	ECOLOGY			English	Article						lifetime reproductive success; recruitment; reproduction costs; Tachycineta bicolor; Tree Swallows	SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; BREEDING BLUE TITS; TREE SWALLOWS; CLUTCH-SIZE; BROOD SIZE; GREAT TIT; NESTLING WEIGHT; LONG-TERM; SURVIVAL; BIRDS	Life history theory predicts that parents will have lower Darwinian fitness if they tend clutches that are above or below the size they naturally produce. We experimentally tested for relationships between fitness and clutch size in Tree Swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor) offspring and parents. Over 130 trios of nests initiated on the same day were randomly divided among reduce ( -3 eggs), control ( 3 eggs picked up and replaced), or add ( +3 eggs) manipulations. Pre-manipulation modal clutch size was six eggs ( range before manipulations was 1-10; afterwards, it was 1-11). Hatching took longer in larger clutches, but the proportion of eggs hatching and. edging was similar for clutches from 4 to 10, so that clutches of 10 produced the maximum number of fledgling. Parental feeding rates were higher for larger broods, but per capita feeds to nestlings were fewer, and nestlings were smaller. Nonetheless, survival of both young and adults, based on recaptures in subsequent years, was not significantly affected by manipulations. Manipulations also had no significant effect on subsequent reproduction, including the number of fledglings produced by either local recruits or returning breeders. Collectively, our results failed to detect fitness costs associated with tending larger clutches for either parents or the offspring reared and suggested directional selection for larger clutch size. However, because clutches that hatch later produce fewer recruits, the extra days required to lay more eggs and to. edge extra young may eliminate a large part of the advantage that would accrue to parents producing enlarged clutches. For example, our data suggest that there may be less than a 16% benefit to producing nine instead of six eggs, rather than 50%, as is suggested by experimentally manipulated egg numbers alone. Thus, time, rather than costs of reproduction, may be the crucial constraint selecting against Tree Swallows laying larger clutches.	Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada; Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada	Shutler, D (reprint author), Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.	dave.shutler@acadiau.ca					Barber CA, 1996, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V38, P425, DOI 10.1007/s002650050260; Bidwell MT, 2005, AUK, V122, P246, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0246:CALROO]2.0.CO;2; Blums P, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P280, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00598.x; BOYCE MS, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P142, DOI 10.2307/1938814; Brown CR, 1999, CONDOR, V101, P230, DOI 10.2307/1369986; BRYANT DM, 1979, J ZOOL, V189, P275; Burness GP, 2000, J EXP BIOL, V203, P3513; Burnham K. 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J	Ferkau, C; Fischer, K				Ferkau, Carina; Fischer, Klaus			Costs of reproduction in male Bicyclus anynana and Pieris napi butterflies: Effects of mating history and food limitation	ETHOLOGY			English	Article							MALE DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; FEMALE LONGEVITY; BODY-SIZE; CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA; NUTRIENT INVESTMENT; MONANDRY POLYANDRY; RAPAE LEPIDOPTERA; EJACULATE SIZE; BUSH-CRICKET	Life history theory predicts trade-offs arising from the costs of reproduction: individuals investing more into reproduction should have less energy available for their own somatic demands. Despite a wealth of research on such costs for females, very few studies have looked at the male side. We investigated the costs of reproduction in males of two butterfly species, Bicyclus anynana and Pieris napi. The males of these species differ tremendously in their allocation of nutrients to reproduction: virgin male spermatophores were 18.5 times larger in the latter compared with those in the former. Based on this striking difference, we expected to find a longevity cost of mating in P. napi, but not necessarily in B. anynana. In line with our predictions, we found no evidence for a survival cost of mating in B. anynana, while there was some evidence for such a cost in P. napi. Here, virgin males lived longer than once- or twice-mated ones. However, this overall trend did not hold for all treatment groups; and there was no lineal relationship between the number of copulations and longevity. Adult food limitation reduced longevity throughout, but had otherwise very little impact. Spermatophore dry mass decreased in later compared with first spermatophores, while water content increased, indicating that spermatophore production is indeed physiologically costly. Additionally, adult food limitation tended to reduce spermatophore fresh and dry mass, and tended to increase spermatophore water content. Based on our results we tentatively conclude that longevity and reproduction may not always be traded off against each other, as in our study organisms' longevity seems to depend in first place on adult carbohydrate income, while male reproduction seems to be primarily (although not entirely) fuelled by larval storage reserves.	Univ Bayreuth, Dept Anim Ecol 1, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany	Ferkau, C (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Anim Ecol 1, POB 101 251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.	klaus.fischer@uni-bayreuth.de					Barnes AI, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P199, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2122; Bauerfeind SS, 2005, OIKOS, V111, P514, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13888.x; Bergstrom J, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V64, P49, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.3032; BISSONDATH CJ, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P547; BISSOONDATH CJ, 1995, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V37, P365, DOI 10.1007/BF00170583; Bissoondath CJ, 1996, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V39, P285, DOI 10.1007/s002650050291; BOGGS CL, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P598, DOI 10.1086/285118; Brakefield Paul M., 1997, V83, P65; Brakefield PM, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00248.x; BRAKEFIELD PM, 1991, ECOL ENTOMOL, V16, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00220.x; Chapman T, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1879, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0516; Cook PA, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1047, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0154; Cordts R, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P269, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0172; DELISLE J, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V104, P508, DOI 10.1007/BF00341349; Ebert G, 1993, SCHMETTERLINGE BADEN; Fischer K, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P656, DOI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00892.x; FOWLER K, 1989, NATURE, V338, P760, DOI 10.1038/338760a0; Gems D, 1996, NATURE, V379, P723, DOI 10.1038/379723a0; GURDON JB, 1991, METHOD CELL BIOL, V36, P299; HONEK A, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P483, DOI 10.2307/3544943; Hughes L, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P119, DOI 10.1007/s002650050002; KAITALA A, 1995, J INSECT BEHAV, V8, P355; Kandori I, 1996, RES POPUL ECOL, V38, P225, DOI 10.1007/BF02515731; Karlsson B, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2931, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2931:NGRBAR]2.0.CO;2; KARLSSON B, 1990, FUNCT ECOL, V4, P609, DOI 10.2307/2389728; Kotiaho JS, 2003, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V49, P817, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(03)00117-3; LARSEN TB, 1991, BUTTERFLIES KENYA; LEIMAR O, 1994, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V258, P121, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1994.0151; Marcotte M, 2005, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V51, P537, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.12.009; MARSHALL LD, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P273, DOI 10.1086/283989; Martin OY, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P357, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00668.x; OBERHAUSER KS, 1988, ANIM BEHAV, V36, P1384, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(88)80208-2; Oberhauser KS, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P166, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00074.x; OBERHAUSER KS, 1992, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V31, P367; OBERHAUSER KS, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V25, P237, DOI 10.1007/BF00300049; Omura H, 2003, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V49, P1031, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.07.001; PARTRIDGE L, 1990, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V36, P419, DOI 10.1016/0022-1910(90)90059-O; PARTRIDGE L, 1981, NATURE, V294, P580, DOI 10.1038/294580a0; Paukku S, 2005, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V51, P1220, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.06.012; Prowse N, 1997, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V43, P501, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(97)00014-0; Reznick D, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01941-8; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Roff D. 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J	Cox, RM				Cox, R. M.			A test of the reproductive cost hypothesis for sexual size dimorphism in Yarrow's spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						body size; cost of reproduction; growth rate; ovariectomy; trade-off	SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; VIVIPAROUS LIZARD; NERODIA-SIPEDON; LIFE-HISTORY; WATER SNAKES; GROWTH-RATES; FOOD-INTAKE; TESTOSTERONE; AVAILABILITY; POPULATION	1. Trade-offs between reproduction and growth are central assumptions of life-history theory, but their implications for sexual size dimorphism (SSD) are poorly understood. 2. Adult male Yarrow's spiny lizards Sceloporus jarrovii average 10% larger than adult females. In a low-altitude (1700 m) population, this SSD develops because males grow more quickly than females during the first year of life, particularly during the first female reproductive season. This study tests the hypothesis that SSD develops because female growth is constrained by energetic costs of reproduction. 3. To test for a growth cost of reproduction, I compared growth rates of free-living females that differed, either naturally or experimentally, in reproductive status. Females that naturally delayed reproduction until their second year grew more quickly than females that reproduced as yearlings, and ovariectomized yearlings grew more quickly and to larger sizes than reproductive controls. 4. To determine whether SSD develops in the absence of this inferred reproductive cost, I also studied a high-altitude (2500 m) population in which all females delay reproduction until their second year. Sex differences in growth trajectories were similar to those observed at low altitude, such that males averaged 10% larger than females even prior to female reproduction. 5. Although female growth may be constrained by reproduction, multiple lines of evidence indicate that this cost is insufficient to explain the full magnitude of SSD in S. jarrovii. First, differences in growth of reproductive and nonreproductive females are not observed until the final month of gestation, by which time SSD is already well developed. Second, the growth benefit accruing from experimental inhibition of reproduction accounts for only 32% of the natural sex difference in body size. Finally, SSD develops well in advance of female reproduction in a high-altitude population with delayed maturation.	Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA	Cox, RM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Aronoff Lab 300, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.	cox.541@osu.edu					Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Angilletta MJ, 2000, FUNCT ECOL, V14, P39, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00387.x; BALLINGER RE, 1989, J HERPETOL, V23, P282, DOI 10.2307/1564450; BALLINGER RE, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P901, DOI 10.2307/1936858; BALLINGER RE, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P269, DOI 10.2307/1934336; Beaupre SJ, 1998, COPEIA, P40, DOI 10.2307/1447700; Bell G., 1986, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V3, P83; BEUCHAT CA, 1990, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V63, P555, DOI 10.1086/physzool.63.3.30156228; BEUCHAT CA, 1986, COPEIA, P971, DOI 10.2307/1445294; Brown GP, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P424, DOI 10.1139/z97-052; Brown GP, 2004, OIKOS, V104, P269, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12712.x; BRUCE RC, 1993, COPEIA, P313; CONGDON JD, 1977, THESIS ARIZONA STATE; COOPER WE, 1990, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V27, P153; Cox RM, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P4679, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01948; Cox RM, 2005, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V78, P531, DOI 10.1086/430226; Cox RM, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1653, DOI 10.1554/02-227; COX RM, 2005, THESIS RUTGERS U NEW; DEMARCO V, 1992, J EXP ZOOL, V262, P383, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402620404; DEMARCO V, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P166, DOI 10.1086/physzool.66.1.30158293; DUNHAM AE, 1978, ECOLOGY, V59, P770, DOI 10.2307/1938781; DUNHAM AE, 1978, MARQUARDT NONLINEAR; FITCH H S, 1978, University of Kansas Science Bulletin, V51, P441; Ford J. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SUGG DW, 1995, SOUTHWEST NAT, V40, P193; TINKLE DW, 1973, COPEIA, P272; TINKLE DW, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P427, DOI 10.2307/1934973; Weeks SC, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P345, DOI 10.2307/3546263; Weiss SL, 2001, HERPETOLOGICA, V57, P138; Woodley SK, 1999, HORM BEHAV, V35, P205, DOI 10.1006/hbeh.1999.1514; WOOLBRIGHT LL, 1983, AM NAT, V121, P110, DOI 10.1086/284042; WOOLBRIGHT LL, 1989, HERPETOLOGICA, V45, P68; Yurewicz KL, 2004, COPEIA, P28, DOI 10.1643/0045-8511(2004)004[0028:RAACOR]2.0.CO;2	49	37	39	2	12	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0021-8790			J ANIM ECOL	J. Anim. Ecol.	NOV	2006	75	6					1361	1369		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01160.x				9	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	093HI	WOS:000241158600014	17032368	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Rhen, T; Crews, D; Fivizzani, A; Elf, P				Rhen, T.; Crews, D.; Fivizzani, A.; Elf, P.			Reproductive tradeoffs and yolk steroids in female leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						egg; life history; lizard; maternal effects; reproductive tradeoffs; yolk steroids	LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MATERNAL TESTOSTERONE; SEX DETERMINATION; HORMONE LEVELS; EGG SIZE; DEPOSITION; ANDROGENS; LIZARDS; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION	Life history theory predicts tradeoffs among reproductive traits, but the physiological mechanisms underlying such tradeoffs remain unclear. Here we examine reproductive tradeoffs and their association with yolk steroids in an oviparous lizard. Female leopard geckos lay two eggs in a clutch, produce multiple clutches in a breeding season, and reproduce for several years. We detected a significant tradeoff between egg size and the number of clutches laid by females during their first two breeding seasons. Total reproductive effort was strongly condition-dependent in the first season, but much less so in the second season. Although these and other tradeoffs were unmistakable, they were not associated with levels of androstenedione, oestradiol, or testosterone in egg yolk. Female condition and egg size, however, were inversely related to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in egg yolk. Finally, steroid levels in egg yolk were not directly related to steroid levels in the maternal circulation when follicles were developing, indicating that steroid transfer to eggs is regulated. These findings suggest that maternal allocation of DHT could mitigate tradeoffs that lead to poor offspring quality (i.e. poor female condition) and small offspring size (i.e. small egg size).	Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA; Univ Texas, Sch Biol Sci, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Univ Minnesota, Dept Math Sci & Technol, Crookston, MN USA	Rhen, T (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Box 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.	turk.rhen@und.nodak.edu			NIMH NIH HHS [MH 57874, MH 11369]		Bonnet X, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P333, DOI 10.2307/3546846; Bujo H, 1997, J NUTR, V127, pS801, DOI 10.1093/jn/127.5.801S; BURLEY RW, 1993, POULTRY SCI, V72, P850, DOI 10.3382/ps.0720850; Eising CM, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P839, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1594; Elf PK, 2003, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V132, P349, DOI 10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00098-4; Elf PK, 2002, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V127, P26, DOI 10.1016/S0016-6480(02)00017-5; FLORES D, 1994, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V55, P1067, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90389-1; Gil D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5437.126; Groothuis TGG, 2005, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1046, P168, DOI 10.1193/annals.1343.014; Groothuis TGG, 2005, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V29, P329, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.002; Lipar JL, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2005, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1242; Lovern MB, 2003, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V134, P109, DOI 10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00240-5; Marshall RC, 2005, J EXP BIOL, V208, P4593, DOI 10.1242/jeb.01949; Mazuc J, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P1084, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00535.x; MEANS AR, 1972, METABOLISM, V21, P357, DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(72)90081-9; Painter D, 2002, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V127, P105, DOI 10.1016/S0016-6480(02)00075-8; PEASE CM, 1988, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V1, P293, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1988.1040293.x; Rhen T, 2000, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V118, P322, DOI 10.1006/gcen.2000.7477; Roff Derek A., 1992; Sakai S, 2005, J THEOR BIOL, V233, P65, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.09.007; *SAS I INC, 2002, JMP STAT GRAPH GUID; SCHNEIDER WJ, 1992, CLIN INVESTIGATOR, V70, P385; Schwabl H, 1996, J EXP ZOOL, V276, P157, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19961001)276:2<157::AID-JEZ9>3.0.CO;2-N; SCHWABL H, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P11446, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11446; Schwabl H, 1996, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V114, P271, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(96)00009-6; SINERVO B, 1991, J EXP ZOOL, V257, P252, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402570216; SINERVO B, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1300, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5010.1300; Sinervo B, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P432, DOI 10.2307/3546671; Speake BK, 2000, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V127, P453, DOI 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00276-2; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Strauss JFI, 2004, YEN JAFFES REPROD EN, P125; Tanvez A, 2004, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V138, P113, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.05.010; Thompson MB, 2002, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V133, P529, DOI 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00188-5; Verboven N, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P2223, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2496; VIETS BE, 1993, J EXP ZOOL, V265, P679, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402650610; Walzem RL, 1999, J NUTR, V129, p467S, DOI 10.1093/jn/129.2.467S	36	19	20	0	15	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1010-061X	1420-9101		J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	NOV	2006	19	6					1819	1829		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01180.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	094MI	WOS:000241243100009	17040379				2018-11-12	
J	Roff, DA; Heibo, E; Vollestad, LA				Roff, D. A.; Heibo, E.; Vollestad, L. A.			The importance of growth and mortality costs in the evolution of the optimal life history	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						age at first reproduction; allocation to reproduction; gonadosomatic index; life history; trade-offs	DENSITY-DEPENDENT ENVIRONMENTS; OPTIMAL REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; 1ST REPRODUCTION; ARCTIC CHARR; AGE; TRAITS; MODEL; PERCH	A central assumption of life history theory is that the evolution of the component traits is determined in part by trade-offs between these traits. Whereas the existence of such trade-offs has been well demonstrated, the relative importance of these remains unclear. In this paper we use optimality theory to test the hypothesis that the trade-off between present and future fecundity induced by the costs of continued growth is a sufficient explanation for the optimal age at first reproduction, alpha, and the optimal allocation to reproduction, G, in 38 populations of perch and Arctic char. This hypothesis is rejected for both traits and we conclude that this trade-off, by itself, is an insufficient explanation for the observed values of alpha and G. Similarly, a fitness function that assumes a mortality cost to reproduction but no growth cost cannot account for the observed values of alpha. In contrast, under the assumption that fitness is maximized, the observed life histories can be accounted for by the joint action of trade-offs between growth and reproductive allocation and between mortality and reproductive allocation (Individual Juvenile Mortality model). Although the ability of the growth/mortality model to fit the data does not prove that this is the mechanism driving the evolution of the optimal age at first reproduction and allocation to reproduction, the fit does demonstrate that the hypothesis is consistent with the data and hence cannot at this time be rejected. We also examine two simpler versions of this model, one in which adult mortality is a constant proportion of juvenile mortality [Proportional Juvenile Mortality (PJM) model] and one in which the proportionality is constant within but not necessarily between species [Specific Juvenile Mortality (SSJM) model]. We find that the PJM model is unacceptable but that the SSJM model produces fits suggesting that, within the two species studied, juvenile mortality is proportional to adult mortality but the value differs between the two species.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquaculture, S-90183 Umea, Sweden; Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway	Roff, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	derek.roff@ucr.edu		Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn/0000-0002-9389-7982			Benton TG, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P769; Benton TG, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P677, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05363.x; Bertschy KA, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P2299, DOI 10.2307/176911; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARLESWORTH B, 1993, LIFE HIT INVARIANTS; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; COOCH EG, 1994, OIKOS, V69, P447, DOI 10.2307/3545857; Czarnoleski M, 1998, ECOL LETT, V1, P5, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.1998.0007b.x; DIANA JS, 1983, T AM FISH SOC, V112, P38, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<38:GMAPON>2.0.CO;2; Finstad AG, 2002, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V65, P63, DOI 10.1023/A:1019679326993; Gemmill AW, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P1148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00117.x; Heath DD, 1996, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V45, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00000627; Heibo E, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P3377, DOI 10.1890/04-1620; Hendry AP, 1999, CAN J ZOOL, V77, P1663, DOI 10.1139/cjz-77-11-1663; Jonsson N, 2003, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V60, P506, DOI [10.1139/f03-042, 10.1139/F03-042]; KITAHARA T, 1987, RES POPUL ECOL, V29, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02515427; KUSANO T, 1982, RES POPUL ECOL, V24, P329, DOI 10.1007/BF02515580; Lester NP, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1625, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2778; MACKINNON JC, 1972, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V29, P1749, DOI 10.1139/f72-276; MAYNARDSMITH J, 1985, Q REV BIOL, V60, P265, DOI DOI 10.1086/414425); MURPHY GI, 1968, AM NAT, V102, P391, DOI 10.1086/282553; MYERS RA, 1983, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V40, P612, DOI 10.1139/f83-080; Mylius SD, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P218, DOI 10.2307/3545651; Nicola GG, 2002, FRESHWATER BIOL, V47, P1353, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00866.x; PAUL AJ, 1993, J FISH BIOL, V43, P131, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.1993.1115; PRESS WH, 1986, NUMERICAL RECIPES; ROFF D, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P405, DOI 10.1086/283832; Roff D. 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J	Gurven, M; Kaplan, H; Gutierrez, M				Gurven, Michael; Kaplan, Hillard; Gutierrez, Maguin			How long does it take to become a proficient hunter? Implications for the evolution of extended development and long life span	JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION			English	Article						foraging; life history theory; hunting; childhood; Tsimane	WHITE-WINGED CHOUGHS; HUMAN GROWTH; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; OKAVANGO DELTA; BRAIN SIZE; INTELLIGENCE; HUMANS; LONGEVITY; HISTORY; COEVOLUTION	Human hunting is arguably one of the most difficult activities common to foraging peoples now and in the past. Children and teenagers have usually been described as incompetent hunters in ethnographies of hunter-gatherers. This paper explores the extent to which adult-level competence is limited more by the constraints of physical capital, or body size, and brain-based capital, or skills and learning. The grandmother hypothesis requires that production is an increasing function of size alone, while the embodied capital model stipulates that production is a function of both size and delayed learning. Tests based on observational, interview, and experimental data collected among Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon suggest that size alone cannot explain the long delay until peak hunting productivity. Indirect encounters (e.g., smells, sounds, tracks, and scat) and shooting of stationary targets are two components of hunting ability limited primarily by physical size alone, but the more difficult components of hunting-direct encounters with important prey items and successful capture-require substantial skill. Those skills can take an additional ten to twenty years to develop after achieving adult body size. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; Correo Cent, Beni, Bolivia	Gurven, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	gurven@anth.ucsb.edu	Henrich, Joseph/A-2403-2009; Robine, Jean-Marie/F-5439-2011	Robine, Jean-Marie/0000-0002-4111-6195; Gurven, Michael/0000-0002-5661-527X; Kaplan, Hillard/0000-0002-7398-7358			Alvarez HP, 2000, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V113, P435, DOI 10.1002/1096-8644(200011)113:3<435::AID-AJPA11>3.0.CO;2-O; Barton R., 1997, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P240, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511525636.010; Barton Robert, 1999, P167, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542466.010; Binford L. R., 1981, BONES ANCIENT MEN MO; Bird D. 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H., 1992, MAMMALS NEOTROPICS S; REYESGARCIA V, 2001, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI; Robson AJ, 2003, AM ECON REV, V93, P150, DOI 10.1257/000282803321455205; Ross Caroline, 1999, P73, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542466.007; Schultz A, 1956, PRIMATOLOGIA, P887; Smith B. Holly, 1993, P195; Smith EA, 2004, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V15, P343, DOI 10.1007/s12110-004-1013-9; STANFORD CG, 1999, HUNTING APES MEAT EA; STINER MC, 1991, HUMAN PREDATORS PREY, P149; STINERM, 2002, J ARCHAEOL RES, V10, P1; Tucker B., 2005, HUNTER GATHERER CHIL, P147; Walker R, 2002, J HUM EVOL, V42, P639, DOI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0541; WUNDERLE JM, 1991, CURR ORNITHOL, V8, P273	80	120	120	1	24	ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	LONDON	24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND	0047-2484			J HUM EVOL	J. Hum. Evol.	NOV	2006	51	5					454	470		10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.05.003				17	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	106VT	WOS:000242130800002	16797055				2018-11-12	
J	Munch, SB; Mangel, M				Munch, Stephan B.; Mangel, Marc			Evaluation of mortality trajectories in evolutionary biodemography	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						free-radical theory; disposable soma; life history theory; dynamic programming	LONGEVITY; GROWTH; SENESCENCE; CURVES; RATES; MODEL	An important task in evolutionary biodemography is to determine the schedule of survival and reproduction as the outcome of natural selection acting on life histories. We do this by using a model in which the state of the organism is characterized by mass and accumulated damage, both of which are affected by activity and which affect the rate of mortality. Focusing on growth during the juvenile period, we determine the level of activity that maximizes reproductive value. Given this, we are able to project forward and determine the trajectory of mortality for an individual following the optimal life history, given the physiological and reproductive parameters. We show that there are two main classes of juvenile mortality trajectories: U-shaped (such as recently reported for prereproductive humans) and steadily declining and we are able to connect the shape of the mortality trajectory with the physiological and reproductive parameters characterizing the life history. Our work shows the importance of state in models of evolutionary biodemography and the power of modern computational methods to illuminate biological process.	Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA	Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	msmangel@ucsc.edu					Carey JR, 2001, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V46, P79, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.79; CAREY JR, 2003, LONGEVITY BIOL DEMOG; CAREY JR, 2001, POPULATION ENGLISH S, V13, P9; Chu CYC, 2006, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V69, P193, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2005.11.004; Cichon M, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P857; CLARK CW, 2000, DYNAMIC STATE VARIAB; Collins AR, 1998, FASEB J, V12, P1397; Drenos F, 2005, MECH AGEING DEV, V126, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.026; Essington TE, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P2129, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-58-11-2129; GAVRILOV LA, 1991, BIOL LIFE SPAN QUANT; GOMPERTZ B, 1825, PHILOS T ROY SOC LON, V115, P513, DOI DOI 10.1098/RSTL.1825.0026; HAMILTON WD, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P12, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6; HARMAN D, 1956, J GERONTOL, V11, P298, DOI 10.1093/geronj/11.3.298; Hastie T., 2001, ELEMENTS STAT LEARNI, P84; Houston AI, 1999, MODELS ADAPTIVE BEHA; KIRKWOOD TBL, 1991, PHILOS T R SOC B, V332, P15, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1991.0028; KIRKWOOD TBL, 1979, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V205, P531, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1979.0083; Lander AD, 2004, PLOS BIOL, V2, P712, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020164; Mangel M, 2005, AM NAT, V166, pE155, DOI 10.1086/444439; Mangel M, 2004, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V65, P353, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2003.07.005; Mangel M, 2001, J THEOR BIOL, V213, P559, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2431; Mangel M., 1988, DYNAMIC MODELING BEH; Mangel M, 2003, POPUL DEV REV, V29, P57; Milne EMG, 2006, MECH AGEING DEV, V127, P290, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.11.003; Novoseltsev VN, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P1136; Pearl R, 1935, Q REV BIOL, V10, P60, DOI 10.1086/394476; Wachter KW, 2003, POPUL DEV REV, V29, P270; WACHTER KW, 1997, ZEUS SALMON BIOMDEMO; West GB, 2001, NATURE, V413, P628, DOI 10.1038/35098076; Yearsley JM, 2005, J THEOR BIOL, V235, P305, DOI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.01.009	30	14	15	0	13	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	OCT 31	2006	103	44					16604	16607		10.1073/pnas.0601735103				4	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	103IS	WOS:000241879500095	17060634	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Doroszuk, A; Wojewodzic, MW; Kammenga, JE				Doroszuk, Agnieszka; Wojewodzic, Marcin W.; Kammenga, Jan E.			Rapid adaptive divergence of life-history traits in response to abiotic stress within a natural population of a parthenogenetic nematode	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						population differentiation; adaptation; life history; asexual reproduction; stress	PLANT RANUNCULUS-REPTANS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ACROBELOIDES-NANUS; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; SPECIFICATION; VARIABILITY; GENETICS; GRADIENT	Sexual reproduction is acknowledged to facilitate adaptation to novel environments while asexual eukaryotes are often regarded as having low adaptive potential. This view has been challenged in a number of studies, but the adaptive potential of asexual populations in the field is poorly documented. We investigated the response of natural populations of the parthenogenetic nematode Acrobeloides nanus to imposed divergent selective pressures. For this purpose, we employed a replicated evolution experiment in the field. After 20 years of evolution under abiotic stress and control conditions, life-history traits were assessed in reaction norm- and reciprocal transplant experiments. Both these experiments indicated adaptive divergence within the population of A. nanus. Namely, the transplant experiment demonstrated that in the stressed soil environment, body growth rate was more reduced in the nematodes originating from the control treatment. In the reaction norm experiment, survival and reproduction were higher under test conditions corresponding to the native environment of the nematodes. The differences in the analysed traits are discussed in the context of life-history theory. Overall, our results strongly support high adaptive potential of A. nanus and suggest that population structure and distribution of asexual species is shaped by local adaptation events.	Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands	Doroszuk, A (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Binnenhaven 5, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands.	agnieszka.doroszuk@wur.nl	Wojewodzic, Marcin W./P-9463-2017	Wojewodzic, Marcin W./0000-0003-2501-5201			ANDRADE MCB, 1995, EVOL ECOL, V9, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01237762; Antonovics J., 1971, Advances in Ecological Research, V7, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60202-0; ARONSON J, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V89, P17, DOI 10.1007/BF00319010; Arts MJSJ, 2004, ECOTOXICOLOGY, V13, P739, DOI 10.1007/s10646-003-4473-5; ASHER JH, 1970, GENETICS, V66, P369; Berglund ABN, 2004, NEW PHYTOL, V161, P199, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00934.x; Bijlsma R, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P744, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00962.x; BIRD A. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	OCT 22	2006	273	1601					2611	2618		10.1098/rspb.2006.3602				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	092OS	WOS:000241107800005	17002946	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Podolsky, RD; Moran, AL				Podolsky, Robert D.; Moran, Amy L.			Integrating function across marine life cycles	INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology	JAN 04-08, 2006	Orlando, FL				POST-METAMORPHIC PERFORMANCE; FREE-SPAWNED EGGS; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; DELAYED METAMORPHOSIS; ESTUARINE CRAB; OFFSPRING SIZE; LARVAL QUALITY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; POSTSETTLEMENT SURVIVAL; POSTLARVAL PERFORMANCE	Complex life cycles involve a set of discrete stages that can differ dramatically in form and function. Transitions between different stages vary in nature and magnitude; likewise, the degree of autonomy among stages enabled by these transitions can vary as well. Because the selective value of traits is likely to shift over ontogeny, the degree of autonomy among stages is important for understanding how processes at one life-history stage alter the conditions for performance and selection at others. We pose 3 questions that help to define a research focus on processes that integrate function across life cycles. First, to what extent do particular transitions between life-history stages allow those stages to function as autonomous units? We identify the roles that stages play in the life history, types of transitions between stages, and 3 forces (structural, genetic/epigenetic, and experiential) that can contribute to integration among stages. Second, what are the potential implications of integration across life cycles for assumptions and predictions of life-history theory? We provide 3 examples where theory has traditionally focused on processes acting within stages in isolation from others. Third, what are the long-term consequences of carryover of experience from one life cycle stage to the next? We distinguish 3 scenarios: persistence (effects of prior experience persist through subsequent stages), amplification (effects persist and are magnified at subsequent stages), and compensation (effects arc compensated for and diminish at subsequent stages). We use these scenarios to differentiate between effects of a carryover of state and carryover into subsequent processes. The symposium introduced by our discussion is meant to highlight how discrete stages can be functionally coupled, such that life cycle evolution becomes a more highly integrated response to selection than can be deduced from the study of individual stages.	Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA; Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA	Podolsky, RD (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.	podolskyr@cofc.edu	Moran, Amy/F-7072-2011				Allen JD, 2006, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V331, P186, DOI 10.1016/j.jembe.2005.10.020; BAGENAL TB, 1971, J FISH BIOL, V3, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1971.tb03665.x; BAYNE BL, 1978, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V58, P825, DOI 10.1017/S0025315400056794; Bingham BL, 2004, CAN J ZOOL, V82, P457, DOI 10.1139/Z04-009; Brawley SH, 1999, AM ZOOL, V39, P218; CHRISTIANSEN FB, 1979, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V16, P267, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(79)90017-0; CUSHING DH, 1967, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V47, P193, DOI 10.1017/S002531540003366X; Davidson B, 2004, MODULARITY IN DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION, P443; Emlet R.B., 1987, Echinoderm Studies, V2, P55; Emlet RB, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P141, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02395.x; Farley GS, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P626, DOI 10.1086/320619; Fischer K, 2004, HEREDITY, V92, P163, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800382; Galeotti P, 2006, P R SOC B, V273, P1105, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3345; George SB, 1996, OCEANOL ACTA, V19, P297; Gimenez L, 2004, OIKOS, V104, P570; Gimenez L, 2001, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V260, P241, DOI 10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00258-1; Gimenez L, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V249, P251, DOI 10.3354/meps249251; Gimenez L, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P615, DOI 10.1093/icb/ic1010; Grosberg RK, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P112, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01313-X; Hemmi A, 2004, OECOLOGIA, V140, P302, DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1574-7; Jordan DS, 1908, AM NAT, V42, P73, DOI 10.1086/278905; Kiflawi M, 2006, OIKOS, V113, P168, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2001.14378.x; LESSIOS HA, 1990, AM NAT, V135, P1, DOI 10.1086/285028; Levitan DR, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P175, DOI 10.1086/303376; LEVITAN DR, 1993, AM NAT, V141, P517, DOI 10.1086/285489; Marshall DJ, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P214, DOI 10.1890/05-0350; Marshall DJ, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V279, P73, DOI 10.3354/meps279073; Marshall DJ, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V272, P301, DOI 10.3354/meps272301; Marshall DJ, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3131, DOI 10.1890/02-0311; Marshall DJ, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V259, P139, DOI 10.3354/meps259139; Marshall DJ, 2003, INVERTEBR REPROD DEV, V44, P63, DOI 10.1080/07924259.2003.9652554; Marshall DJ, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V246, P153, DOI 10.3354/meps246153; Marshall DJ, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P173, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00257.x; Marshall DJ, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V195, P305, DOI 10.3354/meps195305; Marshall DJ, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P643, DOI [10.1093/icb/icl013, 10.1093/icb/ic1013]; McEdward LR, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V256, P111, DOI 10.3354/meps256111; Moran AL, 1999, AM ZOOL, V39, P304; Moran AL, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2718; Moran AL, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1597, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1597:OSAPIV]2.0.CO;2; Pechenik JA, 2006, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V46, P323, DOI 10.1093/icb/icj028; Pechenik JA, 2001, INVERTEBR BIOL, V120, P50; Phillips NE, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2562, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2562:EONMLC]2.0.CO;2; Podolsky RD, 2003, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V43, P450, DOI 10.1093/icb/43.3.450; Podolsky RD, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P735, DOI 10.1086/382791; Podolsky RD, 1996, AM NAT, V148, P160, DOI 10.1086/285916; Podolsky RD, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P2470; Podolsky RD, 2002, J EXP BIOL, V205, P1657; Qian PY, 1998, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V227, P169, DOI 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00267-0; RAY J, 1691, WISDOM GOD MANIFESTE, P80; ROTHSCHILD LORD, 1951, JOUR EXAT L BIOL, V28, P403; Schlosser G, 2004, MODULARITY IN DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION, P1; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Styan CA, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P290, DOI 10.1086/286168; THRESHER RE, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P70, DOI 10.1126/science.218.4567.70; VANCE RR, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P339, DOI 10.1086/282838; Werner E.E., 1988, P60; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; WILBUR HM, 1980, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V11, P67, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000435	58	41	41	0	18	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1540-7063			INTEGR COMP BIOL	Integr. Comp. Biol.	OCT	2006	46	5					577	586		10.1093/icb/ic1026				10	Zoology	Zoology	085QZ	WOS:000240620000002	21672768				2018-11-12	
J	de Heij, ME; van den Hout, PJ; Tinbergen, JM				de Heij, Maaike E.; van den Hout, Piet J.; Tinbergen, Joost M.			Fitness cost of incubation in great tits (Parus major) is related to clutch size	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						clutch size manipulation; costs of reproduction; fitness consequences; life history; temporal variation	FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS; PIED FLYCATCHER; BROOD SIZE; TRADE-OFF; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; EGG-PRODUCTION; REPRODUCTIVE PHASES; FUTURE REPRODUCTION; MANIPULATION; CONSEQUENCES	Life-history theory predicts that parents produce the number of offspring that maximizes their fitness. In birds, natural selection on parental decisions regarding clutch size may act during egg laying, incubation or nestling phase. To study the fitness consequences of clutch size during the incubation phase, we manipulated the clutch sizes during this phase only in three breeding seasons and measured the fitness consequences on the short and the long term. Clutch enlargement did not affect the offspring fitness of the manipulated first clutches, but fledging probability of the subsequent clutch in the same season was reduced. Parents incubating enlarged first clutches provided adequate care for the offspring of their first clutches during the nestling phase, but paid the price when caring for the offspring of their second clutch. Parents that incubated enlarged first clutches had lower local survival in the 2 years when the population had a relatively high production of second clutches, but not in the third year when there was a very low production of second clutches. During these 2 years, the costs of incubation were strong enough to change positive selection, as established by brood size manipulations in this study population, into stabilizing selection through the negative effect of incubation on parental fitness.	Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands	de Heij, ME (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.	m.e.de.heij@rug.nl					CHARNOV EL, 1974, IBIS, V116, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00241.x; Cichon M, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V125, P453, DOI 10.1007/s004420000461; DIJKSTRA C, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P269, DOI 10.2307/5172; Engstrand SM, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P782, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00681.x; GUSTAFSSON L, 1988, NATURE, V335, P813, DOI 10.1038/335813a0; Hanssen SA, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P531, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2262; Hanssen SA, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P1039, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2005.3057; HEANEY V, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V261, P361, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0160; Heaney V, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1719, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0251; Ilmonen P, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V130, P199, DOI 10.1007/s004420100804; Kalmbach E, 2004, J AVIAN BIOL, V35, P501, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03271.x; Larsen VA, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P784, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00751.x; Lessells C.M., 1993, Etologia, V3, P95; Lessells C.M., 1991, P32; LINDEN M, 1990, THESIS U UPPSALA UPP; Monaghan P, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P270, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01094-X; MORENO J, 1989, ORNIS SCAND, V20, P123, DOI 10.2307/3676879; MORENO J, 1991, IBIS, V133, P186, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1991.tb04830.x; Rasbash J., 2000, USERS GUIDE MLWIN; Reid J. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	SEP 22	2006	273	1599					2353	2361		10.1098/rspb.2006.3584				9	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	082QC	WOS:000240400800013	16928638	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Gardmark, A; Dieckmann, U				Gardmark, Anna; Dieckmann, Ulf			Disparate maturation adaptations to size-dependent mortality	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						maturation size; size-dependent mortality; alternative equilibria; evolutionary bistability; adaptation; selection	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; OPTIMAL RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; PREDATION; STRATEGIES; SELECTION; PREY; COD; AGE; DAPHNIA	Body size is an important determinant of resource use, fecundity and mortality risk. Evolution of maturation size in response to size-dependent selection is thus a fundamental part of life-history theory. Increased mortality among small individuals has previously been predicted to cause larger maturation size, whereas increased mortality among large individuals is expected to have the opposite effect. Here we use a continuously size-structured model to demonstrate that, contrary to these widespread expectations, increased mortality among small individuals can have three alternative effects: maturation size may increase, decrease or become evolutionarily bistable. We show that such complex responses must be reckoned with whenever mortality is size-dependent, growth is indeterminate, reproduction impairs growth and fecundity increases with size. Predicting adaptive responses to altered size-dependent mortality is thus inherently difficult, since, as demonstrated here, such mortality cannot only reverse the direction of but also cause abrupt shifts in evolutionarily stable maturation sizes.	Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria	Gardmark, A (reprint author), Swedish Board Fisheries, Inst Coastal Res, POB 109, S-74071 Oregrund, Sweden.	anna.gardmark@fiskeriverket.se	Dieckmann, Ulf/E-1424-2011	Dieckmann, Ulf/0000-0001-7089-0393			Conover DO, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P94, DOI 10.1126/science.1074085; Day T, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P877; DEANGELIS DL, 1985, AM NAT, V126, P817, DOI 10.1086/284455; EDLEY MT, 1988, BIOL J LINN SOC, V34, P309, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb01966.x; Ernande B, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P415, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2519; Geritz SAH, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P35, DOI 10.1023/A:1006554906681; Haugen TO, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P475, DOI 10.1023/A:1013315116795; Heino M, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P367, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01380-9; Hutchings JA, 2004, NATURE, V428, P899, DOI 10.1038/428899a; Johnson JB, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V126, P142, DOI 10.1007/s004420000504; JORGENSEN T, 1992, ICES J MAR SCI, V49, P263, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/49.3.263; LAW R, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P399, DOI 10.1086/283488; Law R, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P659, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0731; Meszena G, 2001, SELECTION, V2, P193, DOI DOI 10.1556/SELECT.2.2001.1-2.14; METZ JAJ, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P198, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90073-K; METZ JAJ, 1986, SPRINGER LECT NOTES, V68, P511; MICHOD RE, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P531, DOI 10.1086/283411; Nakaoka M, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P347, DOI 10.1023/A:1006556301655; Olsen EM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P932, DOI 10.1038/nature02430; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; ROFF D, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P405, DOI 10.1086/283832; Roff Derek A., 1992; SCHAFFER WM, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P60, DOI 10.2307/1935108; Taborsky B, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P713, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2255; Takada T, 1997, J THEOR BIOL, V187, P81, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0420; TAYLOR BE, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P248, DOI 10.1086/285326; WELLBORN GA, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2104, DOI 10.2307/1941614; WERNER EE, 1984, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V15, P393, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141; Wootton R. J., 1990, ECOLOGY TELEOST FISH	29	39	40	0	7	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	SEP 7	2006	273	1598					2185	2192		10.1098/rspb.2006.3562				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	078LL	WOS:000240104300012	16901838	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Heidinger, BJ; Nisbet, ICT; Ketterson, ED				Heidinger, Britt J.; Nisbet, Ian C. T.; Ketterson, Ellen D.			Older parents are less responsive to a stressor in a long-lived seabird: a mechanism for increased reproductive performance with age?	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						age; common tern (Sterna hirundo); corticosterone; life history evolution; parental care; stress response	ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; BINDING PROTEINS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; PIED FLYCATCHER; COMMON TERNS; CORTICOSTERONE; PLASMA; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; MODULATION	In many taxa, reproductive performance increases throughout the lifespan and this may occur in part because older adults invest more in reproduction. The mechanisms that facilitate an increase in reproductive performance with age, however, are poorly understood. In response to stressors, vertebrates release glucocorticoids, which enhance survival but concurrently shift investment away from reproduction. Consequently, when the value of current reproduction is high relative to the value of future reproduction and survival, as it is in older adults, life history theory predicts that the stress response should be suppressed. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that older parents would respond less strongly to a stressor in a natural, breeding population of common terns (Sterna hirundo). Common terns are long-lived seabirds and reproductive performance is known to increase throughout the lifespan of this species. As predicted, the maximum level of glucocorticoids released in response to handling stress decreased significantly with age. We suggest that suppression of the stress response may be an important physiological mechanism that facilitates an increase in reproductive performance with age.	Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; Indiana Univ, Ctr Integrat Study Anim Behav, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; ICT Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA	Heidinger, BJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, 1001 E 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.	bheiding@indiana.edu					Adams NJ, 2005, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V78, P69, DOI 10.1086/423740; Barnes AI, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P199, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2122; Breuner CW, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V285, pR594, DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00748.2002; Breuner CW, 2002, J ENDOCRINOL, V175, P99, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1750099; Clutton-Brock T. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEINBEHRENS BA, 1992, AGING-CLIN EXP RES, V4, P197; Wendeln H, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P205, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00276.x; Williams TD, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P423, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1374; Wingfield JC, 2003, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V15, P711, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01033.x; WINGFIELD JC, 1992, J EXP ZOOL, V264, P419, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402640407; Wingfield JC, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P807, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2298; WINGFIELD JC, 1975, STEROIDS, V26, P311, DOI 10.1016/0039-128X(75)90077-X; WINGFIELD JC, 1994, J EXP ZOOL, V270, P372, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402700406; WINGFIELD JC, 1995, AM ZOOL, V35, P285; Wingfield John C., 2000, P85	41	87	87	1	25	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	SEP 7	2006	273	1598					2227	2231		10.1098/rspb.2006.3557				5	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	078LL	WOS:000240104300017	16901843	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Bisang, I; Ehrlen, J; Hedenas, L				Bisang, Irene; Ehrlen, Johan; Hedenas, Lars			Reproductive effort and costs of reproduction do not explain female-biased sex ratios in the moss Pseudocalliergon trifarium (Amblystegiaceae)	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						Amblystegiaceae; bryophyte; prefertilization reproductive effort and costs; resource allocation; sex ratio; sexual branches; Sweden	SPOROPHYTE PRODUCTION; HYLOCOMIUM-SPLENDENS; CERATODON-PURPUREUS; MARCHANTIA-INFLEXA; DICRANUM-POLYSETUM; DIOECIOUS PLANTS; DESERT MOSS; POPULATIONS; ALLOCATION; BRYOPHYTES	A fundamental assumption in life-history theory is that reproduction is costly. Higher reproductive investment for fruits than for flowers may result in larger costs of reproduction in females than in males, which is often used to explain male-skewed sex ratios in unisexual seed plants. In contrast, bryophytes have predominantly female-biased sex ratios, suggested to be a product of a higher average cost of sexual reproduction in males. Empirical evidence to support this notion is largely lacking, We investigated sex-specific reproductive effort and costs in the unisexual moss Pseudocalliergon trifarium that has a female-dominated expressed sex ratio and rarely produces sporophytes. Annual vegetative segment mass did not differ among male, female, and non-expressing individuals, indicating that there was no threshold-size for sex expression. Mean and annual mass of sexual branches were higher in females than in males, but branch number per segment did not differ between sexes. Prefertilization reproductive effort for females was significantly greater (11.2%) than for males (8.6%). No cost for sexual branch production in terms of reduced relative vegetative growth or decreased investment in reproductive structures in consecutive years was detected. A higher realized reproductive cost in males cannot explain the unbalanced sex ratio in the study species.	Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Div Res, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Univ, Dept Bot, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Cryptogam Bot, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden	Bisang, I (reprint author), Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Div Res, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.	irene.bisang@nrm.se	Ehrlen, Johan/H-6286-2013	Ehrlen, Johan/0000-0001-8539-8967			ALLEN GA, 1993, AM NAT, V141, P537, DOI 10.1086/285490; Arnell HW, 1875, UPPSALA U ARSSKR MAT, VIV, P1; Bazzaz F. 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J. Bot.	SEP	2006	93	9					1313	1319		10.3732/ajb.93.9.1313				7	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	092LI	WOS:000241097800011	21642196	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Stoehr, AM; Kokko, H				Stoehr, Andrew M.; Kokko, Hanna			Sexual dimorphism in immunocompetence: what does life-history theory predict?	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						ecological immunology; immune defense; life-history theory; sexual selection	TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNE DEFENSE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BATEMANS PRINCIPLE; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; VIRULENCE; PATTERNS; SYSTEM	Sexual dimorphism in immunocompetence, usually in the direction of inferior male immunocompetence, has historically been explained as the result of proximate physiological mechanisms such as the immunosuppressive effects of the male hormone testosterone. More recently, it has been argued that this pattern is best understood as a result of resource-based trade-offs between male mating effort and immune defense, a trade-off that females do not make. The central prediction of this hypothesis is that as the strength of sexual selection on males increases, the magnitude of the sex differences in immunocompetence will increase. Two implicit assumptions of this argument are that 1) longevity is of more importance for female than for male fitness and 2) that the primary benefit of immunocompetence is increased longevity. However, both of these assumptions may not be as broadly applicable as has been argued. We have modeled the optimal allocation to immunocompetence for males and females without making these assumptions. We find that the optimal allocation to immune defense for males decreases as the strength of sexual selection increases, as predicted. However, males may still invest more, relative to females, into immunocompetence if the impact of parasites on condition differs for the sexes and/or if the relationship between condition and reproduction differs for the sexes. We argue that these previously overlooked assumptions may be critical for predicting sex-specific patterns of immunocompetence.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; Univ Helsinki, Lab Ecol & Evolutionary Dynam, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland	Stoehr, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	andrew.stoehr@email.ucr.edu	Kokko, Hanna/C-7861-2009				Adamo SA, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P417, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1786; Arnqvist G, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P1383; BATEMAN AJ, 1948, HEREDITY, V2, P349, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1948.21; Blanco G, 2001, BIOL J LINN SOC, V72, P279, DOI 10.1006/bijl.2000.0503; Boots M, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P715, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2655; Brommer JE, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P802, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00369.x; Clayton D. H., 1997, HOST PARASITE EVOLUT; Clutton-Brock TH, 1988, REPROD SUCCESS, P472; Cotter SC, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P421, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00655.x; Day T, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P671; Fedorka KM, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2478; Gandon S, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P658, DOI 10.1086/339993; GRENFELL BT, 1995, ECOLOGY INFECTIOUS D; GUPTA AP, 1991, IMMUNOLOGY INSECTS O; Hosken DJ, 2001, CURR BIOL, V11, pR379, DOI 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00211-1; Hunt J, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P329, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.035; Johnston Carol E., 1995, Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, V70, P65; Klein SL, 2000, BEHAV PROCESS, V51, P149, DOI 10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00125-X; Kokko H, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P103, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00009-0; Kokko H, 2003, ANN ZOOL FENN, V40, P207; LAGALLIARD JF, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P18231; Lambrechts L, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2377; LANDE R, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P292, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04817.x; LOYE JE, 1991, BIRD PARASITE INTERA; McGraw KJ, 2005, EVOL ECOL RES, V7, P251; McKean KA, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P1510; Mylius SD, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P218, DOI 10.2307/3545651; Newton I., 1989, P441; Reimchen TE, 2001, BIOL J LINN SOC, V73, P51, DOI 10.1006/bijl.2001.0523; Rhen T, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00005.x; ROITT IM, 1998, IMMUNOLOGY; Rolff J, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P1844; Rolff J, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P867, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1959; ROLFF J, 2004, SCIENCE, V301, P472; Schmid-Hempel P, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P357, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2265; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; TINSLEY RC, 1989, PARASITOL TODAY, V5, P190, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(89)90144-0; TSENG M, 2003, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V271, pS186; van Boven M, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P277, DOI 10.1086/381407; ZENG ZB, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04139.x; Zuk M, 2004, CAN J ZOOL, V82, P627, DOI [10.1139/z04-032, 10.1139/Z04-032]; ZUK M, 1990, PARASITOL TODAY, V6, P231, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(90)90202-F; Zuk M, 1996, INT J PARASITOL, V26, P1009, DOI 10.1016/S0020-7519(96)80001-4; Zuk M, 1998, Q REV BIOL, V73, P415, DOI 10.1086/420412; Zuk M., 2002, AM NAT, V160, P9, DOI DOI 10.1086/342131	45	76	78	2	35	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1045-2249			BEHAV ECOL	Behav. Ecol.	SEP-OCT	2006	17	5					751	756		10.1093/beheco/ark018				6	Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	075QE	WOS:000239899500008		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Pelletier, F; Hogg, JT; Festa-Bianchet, M				Pelletier, Fanie; Hogg, John T.; Festa-Bianchet, Marco			Male mating effort in a polygynous ungulate	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						rut; male mating effort; ungulates; bighorn sheep; life history	DEPENDENT REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; LIFE-HISTORY; INTRASEXUAL COMPETITION; SOAY SHEEP; RED DEER; SELECTION; COSTS	Survival and mating success are key fitness components of mammalian males. Because energy is limited, life history theory predicts trade-offs between current and future reproduction. While many studies have examined fitness trade-off in females, we know little about trade-offs faced by males. In polygynous species, male mating success is largely dependent upon intrasexual competition. Consequently, males have greater uncertainty over the benefits of a given allocation than over its costs, and the correlation between mating effort and success is likely much weaker in males than in females. We analyzed 14 years of data on the mating effort and survival of marked bighorn rams to investigate fitness trade-offs. Dominant rams defended single estrous ewes ("tending") while subordinates attempted to copulate after separating the tending pair ("coursing"). We estimated the participation in tending and coursing for each ram and the effort in searching for breeding opportunities by each ram each year. We compared these three behavioral indices of male mating effort to demographic parameters, individual characteristics, and both yearly and long-term survival. Mating effort during the rut was unrelated to ram overwinter survival, but longevity was positively correlated with mating effort between 2 and 5 years of age. Persistent variation among rams is likely to explain this pattern, suggesting that in natural populations a few high quality males enjoy both high mating success and high survival.	Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Fac Nat Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England; Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; Montana Conservat Sci Inst Ltd, Missoula, MT 59803 USA	Pelletier, F (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Fac Nat Sci, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.	fanie.pelletier@imperial.ac.uk; jthogg@montana.com; M.Festa@Usherbrooke.ca		Festa-Bianchet, Marco/0000-0002-2352-3379			Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Berube CH, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P2555, DOI 10.2307/177240; Cam E, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P96, DOI 10.1086/324126; CLINTON WL, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1884, DOI 10.2307/1939945; Clutton-Brock T. 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J	Hadley, GL; Rotella, JJ; Garrott, RA; Nichols, JD				Hadley, Gillian L.; Rotella, Jay J.; Garrott, Robert A.; Nichols, James D.			Variation in probability of first reproduction of Weddell seals	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						age-specific recruitment; life-history traits; long-lived; multistate model; pinnipeds	CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; MCMURDO-SOUND; LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BREEDING PROBABILITIES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; SITE FIDELITY	1. For many species, when to begin reproduction is an important life-history decision that varies by individual and can have substantial implications for lifetime reproductive success and fitness. 2. We estimated age-specific probabilities of first-time breeding and modelled variation in these rates to determine age at first reproduction and understand why it varies in a population of Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica. We used multistate mark-recapture modelling methods and encounter histories of 4965 known-age female seals to test predictions about age-related variation in probability of first reproduction and the effects of annual variation, cohort and population density. 3. Mean age at first reproduction in this southerly located study population (7(.)62 years of age, SD = 1(.)71) was greater than age at first reproduction for a Weddell seal population at a more northerly and typical latitude for breeding Weddell seals ( mean = 4 5 years of age). This difference suggests that age at first reproduction may be influenced by whether a population inhabits the core or periphery of its range. 4. Age at first reproduction varied from 4 to 14 years, but there was no age by which all seals recruited to the breeding population, suggesting that individual heterogeneity exists among females in this population. 5. In the best model, the probability of breeding for the first time varied by age and year, and the amount of annual variation varied with age ( average variance ratio for age-specific rates = 4(.)3%). 6. Our results affirmed the predictions of life-history theory that age at first reproduction in long-lived mammals will be sensitive to environmental variation. In terms of life-history evolution, this variability suggests that Weddell seals display flexibility in age at first reproduction in order to maximize reproductive output under varying environmental conditions. Future analyses will attempt to test predictions regarding relationships between environmental covariates and annual variation in age at first reproduction and evaluate the relationship between age at first reproduction and lifetime reproductive success.	Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA	Hadley, GL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.	hadley@montana.edu					Akaike H, 1973, INT S INF THEOR, P267, DOI DOI 10.2307/2334537; ARNASON A N, 1973, Researches on Population Ecology (Tokyo), V15, P1; ARNASON A N, 1972, Researches on Population Ecology (Tokyo), V13, P97; ARNASON AN, 1981, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V38, P1077, DOI 10.1139/f81-148; Arrigo KR, 2002, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V29, DOI 10.1029/2002GL015277; BENGSTON JL, 1985, INSIGHT ANTARCTIC MA, P669; Bowen WD, 2003, J ZOOL, V261, P155, DOI 10.1017/S0952836903004047; Boyd IL, 2000, FUNCT ECOL, V14, P623, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.t01-1-00463.x; BROWNIE C, 1993, BIOMETRICS, V49, P1173, DOI 10.2307/2532259; Burnham K. 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J	Servedio, MR; Hauber, ME				Servedio, M. R.; Hauber, M. E.			To eject or to abandon? Life history traits of hosts and parasites interact to influence the fitness payoffs of alternative anti-parasite strategies	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						coevolution; game theory; lifetime reproductive success; nest desertion	AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM; BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOO; CLUTCH SIZE; EGG-REJECTION; PROTHONOTARY WARBLERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EVOLUTIONARY LAG; SAYORNIS-PHOEBE; NEST DESERTION	Hosts either tolerate avian brood parasitism or reject it by ejecting parasitic eggs, as seen in most rejecter hosts of common cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, or by abandoning parasitized clutches, as seen in most rejecter hosts of brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater. What explains consistent variation between alternative rejection behaviours of hosts within the same species and across species when exposed to different types of parasites? Life history theory predicts that when parasites decrease the fitness of host offspring, but not the future reproductive success of host adults, optimal clutch size should decrease. Consistent with this prediction, evolutionarily old cowbird hosts, but not cuckoo hosts, have lower clutch sizes than related rarely- or newly parasitized species. We constructed a mathematical model to calculate the fitness payoffs of egg ejector vs. nest abandoner hosts to determine if various aspects of host life history traits and brood parasites' virulence on adult and young host fitness differentially influence the payoffs of alternative host defences. These calculations showed that in general egg ejection was a superior anti-parasite strategy to nest abandonment. Yet, increasing parasitism rates and increasing fitness values of hosts' eggs in both currently parasitized and future replacement nests led to switch points in fitness payoffs in favour of nest abandonment. Nonetheless, nest abandonment became selectively more favourable only at lower clutch sizes and only when hosts faced parasitism by a cowbird- rather than a cuckoo-type brood parasite. We suggest that, in addition to evolutionary lag and gape-size limitation, our estimated fitness differences based on life history trait variation provide new insights for the consistent differences observed in the anti-parasite rejection strategies between many cuckoo- and cowbird-hosts.	Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 92019, New Zealand; Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA	Hauber, ME (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, 3 Symonds St,Thomas Bldg, Auckland 92019, New Zealand.	m.hauber@auckland.ac.nz	Servedio, Maria/A-9743-2008	Servedio, Maria/0000-0002-3965-4445			Arcese P, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P4608, DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4608; Aviles JM, 2006, BEHAV ECOL, V17, P310, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arj031; Aviles JM, 2005, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V58, P608, DOI 10.1007/s00265-005-0941-7; Brooke MD, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1277, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0430; Cunningham EJA, 2006, BEHAV ECOL, V17, P126, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arj006; Davies N. B., 2000, CUCKOOS COWBIRDS OTH; Davies NB, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P925, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0137; Davies NB, 1999, OSTRICH, V70, P71, DOI 10.1080/00306525.1999.9639751; Falconer D. 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Evol. Biol.	SEP	2006	19	5					1585	1594		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01124.x				10	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	072RZ	WOS:000239692000030	16910987	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Ackerman, JT; Eadie, JM; Moore, TG				Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eadie, John M.; Moore, Thomas G.			Does life history predict risk-taking behavior of wintering dabbling ducks?	CONDOR			English	Article						allometry; Anas; dabbling ducks; life history; predation risk; risk-taking behavior; spinning-wing decoy	PHYLOGENETICALLY INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; EUROPEAN BIRDS; NEST DEFENSE; BODY-SIZE; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; SURVIVAL RATES; PREDATION RISK; ANAS-CRECCA; WATERFOWL	Life-history theory predicts that longer-lived, less fecund species should take fewer risks when exposed to predation than shorter-lived, more fecund species. We tested this prediction for seven species of dabbling ducks (Anas) by measuring the approach behavior (behavior of ducks when approaching potential landing sites) of 1099 duck flocks during 37 hunting trials and 491 flocks during 13 trials conducted immediately after the 1999-2000 waterfowl hunting season in California, USA. We also experimentally manipulated the attractiveness of the study site by using two decoy treatments: (1) traditional, stationary decoys only, and (2) traditional decoys in conjunction with a mechanical spinning-wing decoy. Approach behavior of ducks was strongly correlated with their life history. Minimum approach distance was negatively correlated with reproductive output during each decoy treatment and trial type. Similarly, the proportion of flocks taking risk (approaching landing sites to within 45 m) was positively correlated with reproductive output. We found similar patterns of approach behavior in relation to other life-history parameters (i.e., adult female body mass and annual adult female survival rate). Thus, species characterized by a slower life-history strategy (e.g., Northern Pintail [A. acuta]) were more risk-averse than species with a faster life-history strategy (e.g., Cinnamon Teal [A. cyanoptera]). Furthermore, although we were able to reduce riskaverseness using the spinning-wing decoy, we were unable to override the influence of life history on risk-taking behavior. Alternative explanations did not account for the observed correlation between approach behavior and life-history parameters. These results suggest that life history influences the risk-taking behavior of dabbling ducks and provide an explanation for the differential vulnerability of waterfowl to harvest.	Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA	Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	jackerman@usgs.gov	Eadie, John/E-4820-2011	Ackerman, Josh/0000-0002-3074-8322			ACKERMAN JT, 2006, IN PRESS J WILDLIFE, V70; ARNOLD TW, 1988, CAN J ZOOL, V66, P1906, DOI 10.1139/z88-279; Baldassarre G. 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J	Johnson, RA				Johnson, R. A.			Capital and income breeding and the evolution of colony founding strategies in ants	INSECTES SOCIAUX			English	Article						brood production; capital breeding; income breeding; life history; colony founding strategies	IMPORTED FIRE ANT; LIFE-HISTORY; BROOD PRODUCTION; POGONOMYRMEX-CALIFORNICUS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PARASITOID WASPS; HORNED LIZARD; P-BARBATUS; BODY-SIZE; HYMENOPTERA	Ability to store resources that will be used for reproduction represents a potential life history adaptation because storage permits feeding and reproduction to be decoupled spatially and/or temporally. The two ends of a continuum involve acquiring all resources prior to reproduction (capital breeding) or acquiring all resources during the reproductive period (income breeding). Traditional life history theory examines tradeoffs between costs and benefits of such strategies, but this theory has not been integrated into life history studies of ants, even though founding queens have the analogous strategies of fully claustral (capital breeding) and semi-claustral (income breeding). This study demonstrates that facultatively semi-claustral queens of the seed-harvester ant Pogonomyrmex desertorum exhibit phenotypic plasticity during colony founding because unfed queens produced few, small minims, whereas ad libitum fed queens produced larger, heavier minims and additional brood. Fed queens also lost less mass than unfed queens despite their producing more brood. Overall, foraging provides queens with a suite of benefits that likely offset potential negative effects of foraging risk. Life history studies across a diverse array of taxa show that capital breeding is consistently associated with low availability and/or unpredictability of food, i.e., environmental conditions that favor prepackaging of reproductive resources. Such a broad and consistent pattern suggests that similar factors favored the evolution of fully claustral (capital breeding) colony founding in ants. Overall, these data suggest that ant researchers should revise their conventional view that fully claustral colony founding evolved because it eliminated the need for queens to leave the nest to forage. Instead, colony founding strategies should be examined from the perspective of environmental variation, i.e., availability and predictability of food. I also provide a functional scenario that could explain the evolution of colony founding strategies in ants.	Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA	Johnson, RA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.	atraj@imap1.asu.edu					Anderson KE, 2006, INSECT SOC, V53, P92, DOI 10.1007/s00040-005-0840-y; Bonnet X, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P333, DOI 10.2307/3546846; Bonnet X, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2124, DOI 10.2307/3072044; Bourke A. F. 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J	Croll, DA; Demer, DA; Hewitt, RP; Jansen, JK; Goebel, ME; Tershy, BR				Croll, D. A.; Demer, D. A.; Hewitt, R. P.; Jansen, J. K.; Goebel, M. E.; Tershy, B. R.			Effects of variability in prey abundance on reproduction and foraging in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						penguin; foraging; Antarctica; krill; seabird	KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; DIVING BEHAVIOR; ELEPHANT-ISLAND; TARGET-STRENGTH; PARENTAL EFFORT; FOOD; PERFORMANCE; SEABIRD; ATTACHMENT	Life-history theory predicts that adults of long-lived species such as seabirds should optimally balance investment in current and future offspring. However, when trying to optimize investment in offspring provisioning, the most energetically costly component of seabird parental care, adults need to contend with large interannual fluctuations in prey availability and hence the cost of chick provisioning. Adults faced with this uncertainty can mechanistically balance parental care by adopting a strategy somewhere along the continuum between maintaining constant investment in foraging effort between years and letting chick provisioning fluctuate or holding chick provisioning constant and varying investment in foraging effort. Using ship-based hydroacoustic assessment of prey, time-depth recorders attached to penguins and land-based observations at the breeding colony, we examined how foraging and reproductive effort in breeding chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarctica responded to interannual variation in the abundance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the vicinity of Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, 1990-1992. Regional measures of krill density varied by a factor of 2.5 (47.0, 23.8 and 61.2 g m(-2) in 1990, 1991 and 1992, respectively) and was correlated with annual measures of breeding adult body weight and reproductive performance (breeding population size, duration of chick rearing, chick growth, breeding success and fledgling weight). In contrast, measures of penguin foraging effort (dive depth, dive duration, number of trips day(-1), trip duration, number of dives trip(-1) and dive rate) did not differ between years. We conclude that chinstrap penguins reduce reproductive success rather than increase foraging effort in response to decreases in prey abundance in a manner consistent with predictions of life-history strategies for long-lived seabirds.	Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA; NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA	Croll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.	croll@biology.ucsc.edu					Ainley D. 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J	Hagen, EH; Barrett, HC; Price, ME				Hagen, Edward H.; Barrett, H. Clark; Price, Michael E.			Do human parents face a quantity-quality tradeoff?: Evidence from a Shuar community	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Article						parental investment theory; life history theory; anthropometry growth; nutrition	LOWER RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; MEDIATED IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY; BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; FAMILY-SIZE; MALNUTRITION; INVESTMENT; SEX; FERTILITY; DIARRHEA	A number of evolutionary theories of human life history assume a quantity-quality tradeoff for offspring production: parents with fewer offspring can have higher biological fitness than those with more. Direct evidence for such a tradeoff, however, is mixed. We tested this assumption in a community of Ecuadorian Shuar hunter-horticulturalists, using child anthropometry as a proxy for fitness. We measured the impact of household consumer/producer (CP) ratio on height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and arm and calf circumferences of 85 children and young adults. To control for possible "phenotypic" correlates that might mask the effect of CP ratio on anthropometry, we also measured household garden productivity, wealth, and social status. Regression models of the age-standardized variables indicated a significant negative impact of CP ratio on child growth and nutrition. The age-standardized height and weight of children in households with the largest CP ratio (10) were 1.38 and 1.44 standard deviations, respectively, below those of children in households with the smallest CP ratio (2). Surprisingly, garden productivity, wealth, and status had little to no effect on the fitness proxies. There was, however, an interesting and unexpected interaction between status and sex: for females, but not males, higher father status correlated significantly with higher values on the proxies.	Humboldt Univ, Inst Theoret Biol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Inst Human Dev, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; Indiana Univ, Workshop Polit Theory & Policy Anal, Bloomington 47404, IN USA; Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA	Hagen, EH (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Inst Theoret Biol, Invalidenstr 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.	e.hagen@biologie.hu-berlin.de		Price, Michael/0000-0002-2572-4326			Alexander R.D., 1974, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V5, P325, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545; BALLARD TJ, 1995, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V41, P8, DOI 10.1093/tropej/41.1.8; BAQUI AH, 1993, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V137, P355, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116682; BAQUI AH, 1993, AM J CLIN NUTR, V58, P543; Becker G. 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J	De Paepe, M; Taddei, F				De Paepe, Marianne; Taddei, Francois			Viruses' life history: Towards a mechanistic basis of a trade-off between survival and reproduction among phages	PLOS BIOLOGY			English	Article							RNA BACTERIOPHAGES; DNA; EVOLUTION; MUTANTS; INACTIVATION; VIRULENCE; WATER; T7; BACTERIA; EJECTION	Life history theory accounts for variations in many traits involved in the reproduction and survival of living organisms, by determining the constraints leading to trade-offs among these different traits. The main life history traits of phages-viruses that infect bacteria-are the multiplication rate in the host, the survivorship of virions in the external environment, and their mode of transmission. By comparing life history traits of 16 phages infecting the bacteria Escherichia coli, we show that their mortality rate is constant with time and negatively correlated to their multiplication rate in the bacterial host. Even though these viruses do not age, this result is in line with the trade-off between survival and reproduction previously observed in numerous aging organisms. Furthermore, a multiple regression shows that the combined effects of two physical parameters, namely, the capsid thickness and the density of the packaged genome, account for 82% of the variation in the mortality rate. The correlations between life history traits and physical characteristics of virions may provide a mechanistic explanation of this trade- off. The fact that this trade- off is present in this very simple biological situation suggests that it might be a fundamental property of evolving entities produced under constraints. Moreover, such a positive correlation between mortality and multiplication reveals an underexplored trade- off in host-parasite interactions.	Univ Paris 05, Lab Genet Mol Evolut & Med, INSERM, Paris, France	Taddei, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, Lab Genet Mol Evolut & Med, INSERM, Paris, France.	taddei@necker.fr					Ackermann HW, 2003, RES MICROBIOL, V154, P245, DOI 10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00067-6; Adams M. 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Biol.	JUL	2006	4	7					1248	1256	e193	10.1371/journal.pbio.0040193				9	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	062VU	WOS:000238974300016	16756387	DOAJ Gold, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Saad, G; Peng, A				Saad, G; Peng, A			Applying Darwinian principles in designing effective intervention strategies: The case of sun tanning	PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; EVOLUTIONARY HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN MATE PREFERENCES; SKIN-CANCER; SUNSCREEN USE; SEXUAL SELECTION; TIME-PREFERENCE; GENDER DIFFERENCES; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; PUBLIC-POLICY	Public-service announcements typically seek to educate consumers regarding a given unhealthy practice, the assumption being that individuals will cease the harmful behavior once they are fully informed. Many intervention strategies have failed in curbing the targeted behaviors because these are not due to incomplete information but instead may also have a Darwinian-based etiology. Using sunbathing as a case analysis, it is shown how Darwinian theorizing (evolutionary psychology, life-history theory, gene-culture co-evolution, and memetic theory) can augment social marketers' ability to develop efficacious intervention strategies. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Concordia Univ, John Molson Sch Business, Dept Mkt, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada	Saad, G (reprint author), Concordia Univ, John Molson Sch Business, Dept Mkt, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.	gadsaad@jmsb.concordia.ca					Abed RT, 1998, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V71, P525, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb01007.x; Ajzen I., 1980, UNDERSTANDING ATTITU; Ajzen I., 1988, ATTITUDES PERSONALIT; Alberink AM, 2000, AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL, V24, P488, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb00498.x; *AM CANC SOC, 2002, CANC FACTS FIG 2002; Aoki K, 2002, ANN HUM BIOL, V29, P589, DOI 10.1080/0301446021000019144; Armstrong BK, 2001, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B, V63, P8, DOI 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00198-1; ARTHEY S, 1995, SOC SCI MED, V40, P265, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(94)E0063-X; Barkow Jerome H., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI; Beckmann KR, 2001, MED J AUSTRALIA, V174, P75; BERWICK M, 1992, PREV MED, V21, P302, DOI 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90029-H; BLACKMORE S., 1999, MEME MACHINE; Boldeman C, 1997, PREV MED, V26, P114, DOI 10.1006/pmed.1996.9986; Boldeman C, 2001, EUR J CANCER, V37, P2441, DOI 10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00310-0; BROADSTOCK M, 1992, J APPL SOC PSYCHOL, V22, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb01527.x; Burnham T., 2000, MEAN GENES SEX MONEY; BURTON S, 1995, J PUBLIC POLICY MARK, V14, P60; Buss D. 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J	Johnston, SL; Grune, T; Bell, LM; Murray, SJ; Souter, DM; Erwin, SS; Yearsley, JM; Gordon, IJ; Illius, AW; Kyriazakis, I; Speakman, JR				Johnston, S. L.; Grune, T.; Bell, L. M.; Murray, S. J.; Souter, D. M.; Erwin, S. S.; Yearsley, J. M.; Gordon, I. J.; Illius, A. W.; Kyriazakis, I.; Speakman, J. R.			Having it all: historical energy intakes do not generate the anticipated trade-offs in fecundity	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						life history; trade-off; resource allocation; oxidative stress	LIFE-SPAN; CALORIE RESTRICTION; DIETARY RESTRICTION; C-ELEGANS; MICE; MASS; AGE; MECHANISMS; LONGEVITY; NUTRITION	axiom of life-history theory, and fundamental to our understanding of ageing, is that animals must trade-off their allocation of resources since energy and nutrients are limited. Therefore, animals cannot 'have it all'-combine high rates of fecundity with extended lifespans. The idea of life-history trade-offs was recently challenged by the discovery that ageing may be governed by a small subset of molecular processes independent of fitness. We tested the 'trade-off' and 'having it all' theories by examining the fecundities of C57BL/6J mice placed onto four different dietary treatments that generated caloric intakes from -21 to +8.6% of controls. We predicted body fat would be deposited in relation to caloric intake. Excessive body fat is known to cause co-morbidities that shorten lifespan, while caloric restriction enhances somatic protection and increases longevity. The trade-off model predicts that increased fat would be tolerated because reproductive gain offsets shortened longevity, while animals on a restricted intake would sacrifice reproduction for lifespan extension. The responses of body fat to treatments followed our expectations, however, there was a negative relationship between reproductive performance (fecundity, litter mass) and historical intake/body fat. Our dietary restricted animals had lower protein oxidative damage and appeared able to combine life-history traits in a manner contrary to traditional expectations by having increased fecundity with the potential to have extended lifespans.	Rowett Res Inst, Div Energy Balance & Obes, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland; Univ Dusseldorf, Res Inst Environm Med, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland; CSIRO, Davies Lab, Aitkenvale, Qld 4814, Australia; Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; Scottish Agr Coll, Anim Nutr & Hlth Dept, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland; Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland; ACERO, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland	Speakman, JR (reprint author), Rowett Res Inst, Div Energy Balance & Obes, Greenburn Rd, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland.	j.speakman@abdn.ac.uk	Yearsley, Jon/H-5301-2011; Gordon, Iain/K-8636-2012; John, Speakman/A-9494-2008	Yearsley, Jon/0000-0003-1838-0454; Gordon, Iain/0000-0001-9704-0946; John, Speakman/0000-0002-2457-1823; Grune, Tilman/0000-0003-4775-9973			Austad SN, 1997, EXP GERONTOL, V32, P23, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(96)00059-9; Clancy DJ, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P104, DOI 10.1126/science.1057991; Covas R, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1905, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2106; FISHER R. 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J	Shanley, DP; Kirkwood, TBL				Shanley, Daryl P.; Kirkwood, Thomas B. L.			Caloric restriction does not enhance longevity in all species and is unlikely to do so in humans	BIOGERONTOLOGY			English	Editorial Material						calorie restriction; comparative studies; disposable soma theory; life history; phenotypic plasticity	DIETARY RESTRICTION; LIFE-SPAN; DROSOPHILA; PLASTICITY; STRESS; AGE	Calorie restriction is known to increase lifespan in many but not all species and may perhaps not do so in humans. Exceptions to life extension have been identified in the laboratory and others are known in nature. Given the variety of physiological responses to variation in food supply that are possible. evolutionary life history theory indicates that an increased investment in maintenance in response to resource shortage will not always be the strategy that maximises Darwinian fitness. Additionally, for the well-studied species in which life extension is observed, there is considerable variation in the response. This suggests that it is not an ancient ancestral response, which has been conserved across the species range. Although calorie restriction does not increase lifespan in all species, it remains a fascinating and valuable tool to study ageing at the whole organism level.	Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Henry Wellcome Lab Biogerontol Res, Sch Clin & Med Sci Gerontol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England	Shanley, DP (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Henry Wellcome Lab Biogerontol Res, Sch Clin & Med Sci Gerontol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England.	dary.shanley@ncl.ac.uk			Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BEP17042, BB/C008200/1]		Buffenstein R, 2005, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V60, P1369, DOI 10.1093/gerona/60.11.1369; Carey JR, 2005, AGING CELL, V4, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2004.00140.x; Heilbronn LK, 2003, AM J CLIN NUTR, V78, P361; Houthoofd K, 2002, EXP GERONTOL, V37, P1371, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00173-0; Jiang JC, 2000, FASEB J, V14, P2135; KAITALA A, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P12, DOI 10.2307/2389551; Kealy RD, 2002, J AM VET MED ASSOC, V220, P1315, DOI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315; Kenyon C, 2005, CELL, V120, P449, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.002; KEYS A, 1950, BIOL HUMAN STARVATIO; KIRK KL, 2001, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V56, P123; Lane MA, 2004, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V59, P405; LeBourg E, 1996, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V51, pB280, DOI 10.1093/gerona/51A.4.B280; Lin SJ, 2002, NATURE, V418, P344, DOI 10.1038/nature00829; Mair W, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P1731, DOI 10.1126/science.1086016; Masoro EJ, 2005, MECH AGEING DEV, V126, P913, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.012; MASORO EJ, 1996, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V51, P387; MERKT JR, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P12313, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12313; Merry BJ, 2005, MECH AGEING DEV, V126, P951, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.015; Partridge L, 2005, MECH AGEING DEV, V126, P938, DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.03.023; PINNEY DO, 1972, J ANIM SCI, V34, P1067; PRENTICE AM, 1987, S ZOOLOGICAL SOC LON, V57, P275; Rikke BA, 2003, MECH AGEING DEV, V124, P663, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(03)00003-4; Shanley DP, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P740, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00076.x; Vitousek KM, 2004, EUR EAT DISORD REV, V12, P338, DOI 10.1002/erv.604; Walford RL, 2002, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V57, pB211, DOI 10.1093/gerona/57.6.B211; Wikelski M, 2000, NATURE, V403, P37, DOI 10.1038/47396	26	48	51	0	6	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1389-5729			BIOGERONTOLOGY	Biogerontology	JUN	2006	7	3					165	168		10.1007/s10522-006-9006-1				4	Geriatrics & Gerontology	Geriatrics & Gerontology	085AY	WOS:000240576700010	16858629				2018-11-12	
J	Figueredo, AJ; Vasquez, G; Brumbach, BH; Schneider, SMR; Sefcek, JA; Tal, IR; Hill, D; Wenner, CJ; Jacobs, WJ				Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Vasquez, Geneva; Brumbach, Barbara H.; Schneider, Stephanie M. R.; Sefcek, Jon A.; Tal, Ilanit R.; Hill, Dawn; Wenner, Christopher J.; Jacobs, W. Jake			Consilience and Life History Theory: From genes to brain to reproductive strategy	DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW			English	Review						consilience; life history theory; reproductive strategy; social deviance; brain development; heterochrony	TEENAGE PREGNANCY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; RISK BEHAVIORS; FATHER ABSENCE; SUBSTANCE USE; MATING-EFFORT	We describe an integrated theory of individual differences that traces the behavioral development of life history from genes to brain to reproductive strategy. We provide evidence that a single common factor, the K-Factor, underpins a variety of life-history parameters, including an assortment of sexual, reproductive, parental, familial, and social behaviors. We explore the psychometrics and behavioral genetics of the K-Factor and offer a speculative account of the proximate mediation of this adaptive patterning of behavior as instantiated in well-established functions of specific areas of the human brain, including the frontal lobes, amygdala, and hippocampus. We then apply Life History Theory to predict patterns of development within the brain that are paedomorphic (i.e., development begins later, proceeds at a slower rate, and has an earlier cessation) and peramorphic (i.e., development begins early, proceeds at a faster rate, and has a later cessation). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	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J	Leitner, S; Marshall, RC; Leisler, B; Catchpole, CK				Leitner, S; Marshall, RC; Leisler, B; Catchpole, CK			Male song quality, egg size and offspring sex in captive canaries (Serinus canaria)	ETHOLOGY			English	Article							YOLK HORMONE LEVELS; RATIO MANIPULATION; ZEBRA FINCHES; FEMALE CANARIES; PATERNAL ATTRACTIVENESS; MATERNAL TESTOSTERONE; TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SIBLING COMPETITION; CLUTCH SIZE	Life history theory predicts that females should vary their investment in offspring according to the quality of their mate. In birds, several studies have now shown that females do vary investment according to perceived male quality, by producing larger eggs, investing more in parental care or by manipulating the sex of their offspring. In a captive breeding colony of canaries, we first show that under normal conditions larger eggs in a clutch are more likely to hatch male offspring. In canaries, male song functions in female attraction and females respond more to complex structures in male song called sexy syllables. In a series of experiments, we go on to show first, that females exposed to playback of male song produce larger eggs than those who heard no song. Next, using synthetic songs, we show that females exposed to playback of more attractive songs containing sexy syllables, produced larger eggs than those exposed to simpler songs containing no sexy syllables. However, in a final analysis, we found no evidence from our experiments that females exposed to playback of more attractive songs also produced more male offspring.	Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England; Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Seewiesen, Germany; Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany	Leitner, S (reprint author), Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England.	s.leitner@rhul.ac.uk	Leitner, Stefan/D-2129-2012; Marshall, Rupert/C-7093-2008	Leitner, Stefan/0000-0002-9482-0362; Marshall, Rupert/0000-0002-1019-465X			Albrecht DJ, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V59, P1227, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1420; Anderson DJ, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P331, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00091.x; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Badyaev AV, 2002, SCIENCE, V295, P316, DOI 10.1126/science.1066651; Balzer AL, 1998, BEHAVIOUR, V135, P297, DOI 10.1163/156853998793066230; BEDNARZ JC, 1991, AM NAT, V137, P116, DOI 10.1086/285149; BORTOLOTTI GR, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P495, DOI 10.1086/284498; BURLEY N, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P1191, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05744.x; BURLEY N, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P611, DOI 10.1086/284877; CHARNOV E L, 1982; Cordero PJ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P353, DOI 10.1007/s002650000252; Cunningham EJA, 2000, NATURE, V404, P74, DOI 10.1038/35003565; Cunningham EJA, 2001, NATURE, V412, P498, DOI 10.1038/35087655; Depraz V, 2000, ANIM COGN, V3, P45, DOI 10.1007/s100710050049; Draganoiu TI, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2525, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2192; Dzialowski EM, 2004, J EXP BIOL, V207, P597, DOI 10.1242/jeb.00792; Ellegren H, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P11723, DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11723; Gil D, 2004, HORM BEHAV, V45, P64, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.08.005; Gil D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5437.126; Griffith SC, 2002, MOL ECOL, V11, P2195, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01613.x; Griffiths R, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P1071, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00389.x; HOYT DF, 1979, AUK, V96, P73; Kilner R, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P155, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0775; Komdeur J, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1067, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1965; Komdeur J, 1997, NATURE, V385, P522, DOI 10.1038/385522a0; Krackow S, 2002, ETHOLOGY, V108, P1041, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00843.x; KROODSMA DE, 1976, SCIENCE, V192, P574, DOI 10.1126/science.192.4239.574; Leitner S, 2002, J NEUROBIOL, V52, P294, DOI 10.1002/neu.10085; Leitner S, 2001, BEHAVIOUR, V138, P885, DOI 10.1163/156853901753172700; MEAD PS, 1987, CONDOR, V89, P798, DOI 10.2307/1368527; Nager RG, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P570, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.2.570; Petrie M, 2001, NATURE, V412, P498, DOI 10.1038/35087652; Pike TW, 2003, BIOL REV, V78, P553, DOI 10.1017/S1464793103006146; Rutkowska J, 2005, J AVIAN BIOL, V36, P12, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03469.x; Rutstein AN, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P763, DOI 10.1093/beheco/ari052; Rutstein AN, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V68, P1087, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.02.011; SCHWABL H, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P11446, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11446; Schwabl H, 1996, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V114, P271, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(96)00009-6; Sheldon BC, 1999, NATURE, V402, P874; Suthers RA, 2004, J NEUROBIOL, V60, P381, DOI 10.1002/neu.20040; Vallet E, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V55, P291, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1997.0631; VALLET E, 1995, ANIM BEHAV, V49, P1603, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(95)90082-9; VANDURME M, 1914, ARCH BIOL, V29, P71; Voigt C., 1998, Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal, P117; Voigt C, 2003, J ORNITHOL, V144, P86, DOI 10.1007/BF02465520; Waas JR, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P383, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2949; Williams TD, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P423, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1374; Young RL, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P1355, DOI 10.1111/j.1420.9101.2004.00762.x	48	36	36	2	20	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	0179-1613			ETHOLOGY	Ethology	JUN	2006	112	6					554	563		10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01195.x				10	Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	044SM	WOS:000237692700005					2018-11-12	
J	McEdward, LR; Miner, BG				McEdward, Larry R.; Miner, Benjamin G.			Estimation and interpretation of egg provisioning in marine invertebrates	INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology	JAN 04-08, 2004	San Diego, CA	Soc Integrative Comparative Biol			BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ENERGETIC CONTENT; EVOLUTION; LARVAE; SIZE; ECHINOIDEA; TIME	Per-offspring maternal investment is an integral part of life-history theory. To understand the evolution of per-offspring maternal investment in marine invertebrates, a number of mathematical models have been developed. These models examine how selection affects the proportion of maternally derived egg energy used to produce a newly metamorphosed juvenile (s) and make predictions about the distribution of s in nature. However, there are very few published values of s and therefore it is difficult to evaluate how well these models match nature. We present several equations to empirically estimate values of s for any group of marine invertebrate, and use data from echinoderms to compare the different equations. The calculations that directly estimate s require information on the amount of egg energy, juvenile energy, and energy metabolized during development. Currently, there are few data available for directly estimating s, and thus generating distributions of s derived from direct estimates is not possible. Furthermore, the direct estimations of s are informative for planktotrophy but not for lecithotrophy. We have developed an equation that can be used to directly estimate s for lecithotrophs. The calculations to indirectly estimate s only require egg energy or egg size for the species in question and the value of s and egg energy or size for a reference species. This reference species replaces the need to measure juvenile energy and energy metabolized during larval development. Because egg energy or size is currently available for many species, the indirect estimates will be useful for generating distributions of s, and will allow comparisons with models. Although these indirect methods are good for generating distributions of s, they do not provide reliable estimates of s for any particular species. Estimating values of s to compare models is a critical gap in our current evaluations of marine invertebrate life-history models.	Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; Univ Calif Bodega, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA	McEdward, LR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.	bgminer@ucdavis.edu		Miner, Benjamin/0000-0002-0996-2252			CHRISTIANSEN FB, 1979, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V16, P267, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(79)90017-0; Emlet R.B., 1987, Echinoderm Studies, V2, P55; EMLET RB, 1986, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V95, P183, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90202-9; FEXAUX L, 1985, MAR BIOL, V86, P151; GRANT A, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P549, DOI 10.1086/284155; Hart MW, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P174, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb04484.x; Havenhand Jon N., 1995, P79; Herrera JC, 1996, OCEANOL ACTA, V19, P313; HoeghGuldberg O, 1997, BIOL BULL, V192, P27, DOI 10.2307/1542573; Jaeckle William B., 1995, P49; Levin Lisa A., 1995, P1; Levitan DR, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P175, DOI 10.1086/303376; MCEDWARD LR, 1993, BIOL BULL, V184, P255, DOI 10.2307/1542444; McEdward LR, 1997, AM NAT, V150, P48, DOI 10.1086/286056; McEdward LR, 1997, BIOL J LINN SOC, V60, P381; MCEDWARD LR, 1987, EVOLUTION, V41, P914, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05865.x; McEdward LR, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V256, P111, DOI 10.3354/meps256111; McEdward LR, 2001, BIOL BULL, V200, P33, DOI 10.2307/1543083; MCEDWARD LR, 1988, INT J INVER REP DEV, V13, P9, DOI 10.1080/01688170.1988.10510338; Miner BG, 2002, BIOL BULL-US, V202, P97, DOI 10.2307/1543646; Pernet B, 2004, BIOL BULL-US, V207, P67, DOI 10.2307/1543629; PERRON FE, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P749, DOI 10.1086/283865; Roff Derek A., 1992; Roughgarden J., 1989, P270; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STRATHMANN RR, 1985, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V16, P339, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.002011; VANCE RR, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P339, DOI 10.1086/282838	27	13	13	0	8	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1540-7063	1557-7023		INTEGR COMP BIOL	Integr. Comp. Biol.	JUN	2006	46	3					224	232		10.1093/icb/icj026				9	Zoology	Zoology	048LP	WOS:000237948900002	21672737	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Nicoll, MAC; Jones, CG; Norris, K				Nicoll, Malcolm A. C.; Jones, Carl G.; Norris, Ken			The impact of harvesting on a formerly endangered tropical bird: insights from life-history theory	JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY			English	Article						clutch manipulation; clutch removal; conservation management; egg harvest; Falco punctatus; fecundity; fostering; Mauritius kestrel; supplemental feeding; survival	DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL RATES; EGG-PRODUCTION; BROOD SIZE; KESTREL; POPULATION; COSTS	1. Life-history theory assumes that trade-offs exist between an individual's life-history components, such that an increased allocation of a resource to one fitness trait might be expected to result in a cost for a conflicting fitness trait. Recent evidence from experimental manipulations of wild individuals supports this assumption. 2. The management of many bird populations involves harvesting for both commercial and conservation purposes. One frequently harvested life-history stage is the egg, but the consequences of repeated egg harvesting for the individual and the long-term dynamics of the population remain poorly understood. 3. We used a well-documented restored population of the Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus as a model system to explore the consequences of egg harvesting (and associated management practices) for an individual within the context of life-history theory. 4. Our analysis indicated that management practices enhanced both the size and number of clutches laid by managed females, and improved mid-life male and female adult survival relative to unmanaged adult kestrels. 5. Although management resulted in an increased effort in egg production, it reduced parental effort during incubation and the rearing of offspring, which could account for these observed changes. 6. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates how a commonly applied harvesting strategy, when examined within the context of life-history theory, can identify improvements in particular fitness traits that might alleviate some of the perceived negative impact of harvesting on the long-term dynamics of a managed population.	Univ Reading, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Sch Agr, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England; Durrell Wildlife Conservat Trust, Trinity, Jersey, England	Nicoll, MAC (reprint author), Univ Reading, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Sch Agr, Earley Gate,POB 237, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England.	m.a.c.nicoll@reading.ac.uk			Natural Environment Research Council [NE/B502444/1]		Anderson DR, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P261; ARMSTRONG D, 2001, REINTRODUCTION PROJE; Bell Ben D., 2002, V7, P105, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511606304.007; COOCH E, 2001, ELECT HDB PROGRAM MA; Daan S, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P539, DOI 10.2307/5734; DENLINGER L, 2001, 9 CAFF; DIJKSTRA C, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P269, DOI 10.2307/5172; Feare CJ, 2004, IBIS, V146, P475, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00288.x; Frederiksen M, 2001, J APPL ECOL, V38, P617, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00620.x; Golet GH, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P827, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00233.x; HAMILTON S, 1995, BIOL CONSERV, V73, P107, DOI 10.1016/0006-3207(95)00048-9; Jones C.G., 1987, P208, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511735769.007; JONES CG, 1995, IBIS, V137, pS173, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08439.x; JONES CG, 1985, CONSERVATION STUDIES, P211; JONES CG, 1999, 7 WORLD C BREED END, P77; JONES CG, 1991, DODO, V27, P81; JONES CG, 1988, P ROYAL SOC ARTS SCI, V1, P79; JONES PJ, 2000, WORKSH RES PRIOR MIG, P139; KOKKO H, 2001, CONSERVATION EXPLOIT, P301; Kuehler Cyndi, 2000, Re-introduction News, V19, P14; LEBRETON JD, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P67, DOI 10.2307/2937171; Litzbarski Heinz, 2000, Re-introduction News, V19, P49; Meretsky VJ, 2000, CONSERV BIOL, V14, P957, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99113.x; Nager RG, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P159, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2001.320209.x; Nicoll MAC, 2004, BIOL CONSERV, V118, P539, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.028; Nicoll MAC, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P917, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00768.x; NICOLL MAC, 2004, ECOLOGY MANAGEMENT R; Roff Derek A., 1992; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TITUS K, 1984, AM MIDL NAT, V111, P1, DOI 10.2307/2425535; Visser ME, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1271, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1661; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; Wiehn J, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P2043, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2043:FLOBSE]2.0.CO;2	33	11	12	0	11	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0021-8901	1365-2664		J APPL ECOL	J. Appl. Ecol.	JUN	2006	43	3					567	575		10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01165.x				9	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	042GT	WOS:000237516600019					2018-11-12	
J	Thorne, AD; Pexton, JJ; Dytham, C; Mayhew, PJ				Thorne, AD; Pexton, JJ; Dytham, C; Mayhew, PJ			Small body size in an insect shifts development, prior to adult eclosion, towards early reproduction	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						adaptation; ecological developmental biology; Hymenoptera; life histories; oogenesis; ovigeny index	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PARASITOID WASPS; GREGARIOUS DEVELOPMENT; EGG MATURATION; ASOBARA-TABIDA; PLASTICITY; STRATEGY; ALLOCATION; FITNESS; OVIGENY	Life-history theory has suggested that individual body size can strongly affect the allocation of resources to reproduction and away from other traits such as survival. In many insects, adults eclose with a proportion of their potential lifetime egg production that is already mature (the ovigeny index). We establish for the solitary parasitoid wasp Aphaereta genevensis that the ovigeny index decreases with adult body size, despite both initial egg load and potential lifetime fecundity increasing with body size. This outcome is predicted by adaptive models and is the first unequivocal intraspecific demonstration. Evidence suggests that a high ovigeny index carries a cost of reduced longevity in insects. Our results therefore contribute to the emerging evidence that small body size can favour a developmental shift in juveniles that favours early reproduction, but which has adverse late-life consequences. These findings are likely to have important implications for developmental biologists and population biologists.	Univ York, Dept Biol, Area 18, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England	Mayhew, PJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Biol, Area 18, POB 373, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England.	pjm19@york.ac.uk	Mayhew, Peter/I-6363-2012; Mayhew, Peter/B-1370-2008	Mayhew, Peter/0000-0002-7346-6560; 			BANKS MJ, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P815, DOI 10.2307/4950; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; CORBET PS, 1999, DRAGONFLIES BEHAV EC; Crawley MJ, 1993, GLIM ECOLOGISTS; Crespi EJ, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P44, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20098; Ellers J, 1997, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V10, P771, DOI 10.1007/s000360050053; Ellers J, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P993; Ellers J, 2003, OIKOS, V102, P164, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12183.x; Ellers J, 2001, OIKOS, V92, P309, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920213.x; Godfray HCJ., 1994, PARASITOIDS BEHAV EV; IWASA Y, 1984, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V26, P205, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(84)90030-3; Jervis MA, 2005, ECOL ENTOMOL, V30, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00712.x; Jervis MA, 2004, OIKOS, V107, P449, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13453.x; Jervis MA, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P375, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00742.x; Jervis MA, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P442, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00507.x; KING BH, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P448, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.4.448; Kudoh Hiroshi, 2002, Plant Species Biology, V17, P101, DOI 10.1046/j.1442-1984.2002.00080.x; Lindstrom J, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P343, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01639-0; Mayhew PJ, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P131, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1106; McNamara JM, 1996, NATURE, V380, P215, DOI 10.1038/380215a0; Olson DM, 1998, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V27, P508, DOI 10.1093/ee/27.2.508; Papaj DR, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P423, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.423; Pexton JJ, 2005, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V58, P99, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0881-7; Pexton JJ, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P690, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.5.690; Sibley R. M., 1986, PHYSL ECOLOGY ANIMAL; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Traynor RE, 2005, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V117, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00331.x; West GB, 1999, SCIENCE, V284, P167; West SA, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P577, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.5.577	29	30	31	0	13	ROYAL SOCIETY	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452			P R SOC B	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	MAY 7	2006	273	1590					1099	1103		10.1098/rspb.2005.3416				5	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	033MU	WOS:000236852700010	16600887	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Wells, JCK				Wells, Jonathan C. K.			The evolution of human fatness and susceptibility to obesity: an ethological approach	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS			English	Review						body fat; survival; life history theory; reproductive fitness; energetics; human ecology; seasonality; encephalisation	BODY-MASS INDEX; ADIPOSE-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; CATCH-UP GROWTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD OBESITY	Human susceptibility to obesity is ail unusual phenomenon amongst annuals. An evolutionary analysis, identifying factors favouring the capacity for fat deposition, may aid in the development of preventive public health strategies. This article considers the proximate causes, ontogeny, fitness value and evolutionary history of human fat deposition. Proximate causes include diet composition, physical activity level, feeding behaviour, endocrine and genetic factors, psychological traits, and exposure to broader environmental factors. Fat deposition peaks during late gestation and early infancy, and again during adolescence in females. As in other species, human fat stores not only buffer malnutrition, but also regulate reproduction and immune function, and are subject to sexual selection. Nevertheless, our characteristic ontogenetic pattern of fat deposition, along with relatively high fatness in adulthood, contrasts with die phenotype of other mammals occupying the tropical savannah environment in which hominids evolved. The increased Value of energy stores in our species can be attributed to factors increasing either uncertainty in energy availability, or vulnerability to that uncertainty. Early hominid evolution was characterised by adaptation to a more seasonal environment, when selection would have favoured general thriftiness. The evolution of the large expensive brain in the genus Homo then favoured increased energy stores in the reproducing female, and in the offspring in early life. More recently, the introduction of agriculture has had three significant effects: exposure to regular famine; adaptation to a variety of local niches favouring population-specific adaptations; and the development of social hierarchies which predispose to differential exposure to environmental pressures. Thus, humans have persistently encountered greater energy stress than that experienced by their closest living relatives during recent evolution. The capacity to accumulate fat has therefore been a major adaptive feature of our species, but is now increasingly maladaptive in the modern environment where fluctuations in energy supply have been minimised, and productivity is dependent on mechanisation rather than physical effort. Alterations to the obesogenic environment are predicted to play a key role in reducing the prevalence of obesity.	Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, MRC, London WC1N 1EH, England	Wells, JCK (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, MRC, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.	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Rev.	MAY	2006	81	2					183	205		10.1017/S1464793105006974				23	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	049ZP	WOS:000238057200002	16677431				2018-11-12	
J	Krist, AC				Krist, AC			Prevalence of parasites does not predict age at first reproduction or reproductive output in the freshwater snail, Helisoma anceps	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	International Symposium on Dynamical Systems Theory and Its Applications to Biology and Environmental Sciences	MAR, 2004	Shizuoka Univ, Hamamatsu, JAPAN	Jap Soc for Math Biol, Soc of Pop Ecol, Math Soc of Japan, Japan Soc for Indus and Appl Math, Soc for Study of Spec Biol, Ecol Soc of Japan, Soc of Evol Stud	Shizuoka Univ	age at first reproduction; castrating parasites; freshwater snails; life-history theory; reproductive output; trematodes	HOST LIFE-HISTORY; BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA; VIRULENCE; COEVOLUTION; INFECTION; FECUNDITY; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; COST	Question: Are reproductive output and age at first reproduction explained by the prevalence of castrating parasites in a population? Life-history theory predicts this relationship. Data studied: Reproductive output over 21 days in field-caught freshwater snails from 12 lake populations in Wisconsin. I also measured age at first reproduction and reproductive output over 27 weeks in laboratory-reared snails from the same populations. I determined the prevalence of parasites in each of 2 years as the proportion of snails infected with digenean trematodes. Search method: Field-caught: I regressed mean reproductive output on mean prevalence. Laboratory-reared: I regressed mean reproductive output and mean age at first reproduction on mean prevalence. Conclusions: Neither measure of reproductive output, nor age at first reproduction, was predicted by the mean prevalence of trematode parasites.	Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA	Krist, AC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.	krist@uwyo.edu					Agnew P, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P947, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0728; Brown K.M., 1991, P285; Burch J. B., 1982, FRESHWATER SNAILS MO; Bush AO, 1997, J PARASITOL, V83, P575, DOI 10.2307/3284227; Christe P, 1996, BEHAV ECOL, V7, P127, DOI 10.1093/beheco/7.2.127; Ebert D, 2004, AM NAT, V164, pS19, DOI 10.1086/424606; FERNANDEZ J, 1991, J PARASITOL, V77, P937, DOI 10.2307/3282746; FORBES MRL, 1993, OIKOS, V67, P444, DOI 10.2307/3545356; Gandon S, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P374, DOI 10.1086/341525; HOCHBERG ME, 1992, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V5, P491, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1992.5030491.x; Jokela J, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P1268, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04453.x; Koella JC, 2001, ECOL LETT, V4, P207, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00213.x; Kozlowski J, 1987, EVOL ECOL, V1, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02067553; Kozlowski J, 1987, EVOL ECOL, V1, P214, DOI 10.1007/BF02067552; Krist AC, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P191; LAFFERTY KD, 1993, OIKOS, V67, P1; MINCHELLA DJ, 1985, PARASITOLOGY, V90, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000049143; MINCHELLA DJ, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P876, DOI 10.1086/283879; PARTRIDGE L, 1990, MORE EXACT ECOLOGY, P231; Perrin N, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P317, DOI 10.2307/3546256; R Development Core Team, 2005, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; SCHALLIG HDFH, 1991, PARASITOLOGY, V102, P85, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000060376; SCHRAG SJ, 1994, PARASITOLOGY, V108, P27, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000078483; Sorci G, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P121, DOI 10.2307/3545754; Sorensen RE, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V115, P188, DOI 10.1007/s004420050507; Sorensen RE, 2001, PARASITOLOGY, V123, pS3; THORNHILL JA, 1986, PARASITOLOGY, V93, P443, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000081166	27	3	3	0	2	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	MAY	2006	8	4					753	763						11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	043ZU	WOS:000237642500014					2018-11-12	
J	Ashman, TL; Majetic, CJ				Ashman, TL; Majetic, CJ			Genetic constraints on floral evolution: a review and evaluation of patterns	HEREDITY			English	Review						genetic correlation; genetic covariance; flowers; heritability; mating system; sexual dimorphism	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS L; PENSTEMON-CENTRANTHIFOLIUS SCROPHULARIACEAE; EICHHORNIA-PANICULATA PONTEDERIACEAE; SPERGULARIA-MARINA CARYOPHYLLACEAE; COMPOSITE HETEROSPERMA-PINNATUM; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATION; WILD RADISH; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM	The characteristics of flowers influence most aspects of angiosperm reproduction, including the agents of pollination and patterns of mating. Thus, a clear view of the forces that mediate floral phenotypic evolution is central to understanding angiosperm diversity. Here, we inform on the capacity for floral phenotype to respond to selection by reviewing published data on heritabilities and genetic correlations for several classes of floral traits (primary sexual, attraction, mating system) in hermaphroditic plants. We find significant heritability for all floral traits but also variation among them, as well as a tendency for heritability to vary with mating system, but not life history. We additionally test predictions stemming from life history theory (eg, negative covariation between male-female traits and flower size-flower number), and ideas concerning the extent and pattern of genetic integration between flowers and leaves, and between the sexes of dioecious and gynodioecious species. We find mixed evidence for life history tradeoffs. We find strong support for floral integration and its relation with floral morphology (actinomorphy vs zygomorphy) and for a decoupling of floral and vegetative traits, but no evidence that modular integration varies with floral morphology. Lastly, we find mixed evidence for a relationship between the level of sexual dimorphism in attraction traits and the between-sex correlation in gender dimorphic plants.	Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA	Ashman, TL (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, 4249 5th Ave & Ruskin, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.	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J	Dyck, LJ; DeWreede, RE				Dyck, Leonard James; DeWreede, Robert E.			Reproduction and survival in Mazzaella splendens (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)	PHYCOLOGIA			English	Article						macroalgae; Mazzaella; reproduction; reproductive cost; Rhodophyta; survival	ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHONDRUS-CRISPUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; LIFE-CYCLES; RED ALGAE; PHASES; PLANTS; COST; EVOLUTION	Mazzaella splendens at Brockton Point, Vancouver, British Columbia, shows seasonally restricted reproduction, a pattern often associated with life history optimisation through some cost of reproduction. Production of cystocarpic and tetrasporangial blades was lowest during maximum population density in spring and summer and highest in winter when population density was lowest. A distinct temporal separation of peak cystocarpic blade density and peak tetrasporangial blade density was observed, suggesting ecological differences with respect to reproduction between the alternate phases. The total reproductive effort, however, was similar between gametophytes and tetrasporophytes (assuming a 1:1 ratio of males to females). Onset of reproduction did not siggificantly reduce the probability of survival for modules of either life history phase, and differential survival between nonreproductive gametophytes and tetrasporophytes was also absent. These results are discussed in relation to life history theory and to more specific theories about the nature of ecological differences between the alternate isomorphic phases of M. splendelis.	Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada	Dyck, LJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.	iridaea@mail.botany.ubc.ca					ADAMS RW, 1979, THESIS U VICTORIA BR; Aickin M, 1999, BRIT MED J, V318, P127, DOI 10.1136/bmj.318.7176.127a; ANG PO, 1992, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V89, P25, DOI 10.3354/meps089025; BELL G, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P300, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00289.x; BELL G, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P314, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00290.x; Bender R, 1999, BRIT MED J, V318, P600, DOI 10.1136/bmj.318.7183.600a; BURNS R L, 1972, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, V9, P77, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(72)90009-3; De Wreede R. 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J	Wiebe, KL				Wiebe, KL			A review of adult survival rates in woodpeckers	ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	6th International Woodpecker Symposium	AUG 27-30, 2005	Mekrijarvi, FINLAND				LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; NEST PREDATION; MARKED ANIMALS; BIRDS; SURVIVORSHIP; REPRODUCTION; WARBLERS; MONTANA; FOOD	Although many forestry management strategies rely on population estimates of indicator species such as woodpeckers (family Picidae), empirical estimates of demographic parameters within this taxon are few. In this review, I searched the literature for survival estimates of woodpeckers and found information for 54% of North American species and 30% of European species. The average survival rate for all woodpecker species combined was 0.58 but varied from 0.30 to 0.93 in apparently stable populations. Data were few, but there was not a consistent pattern of sex-biased mortality. Among North American species, there was a negative correlation between clutch size and survival consistent with life history theory.	Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada	Wiebe, KL (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 112 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.	karen.wiebe@usask.ca					BONAR R, 2001, THESIS U ALBERTA EDM; Bull EL, 2001, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V72, P131, DOI 10.1648/0273-8570-72.1.131; BULL EL, 1988, 474 USDA FOR SERV PA; BULL EL, 1995, BIRDS N AM, V166, P1; Burnham K. P., 1998, MODEL SELECTION INFE; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Cilimburg AB, 2002, AUK, V119, P778, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0778:EODOSP]2.0.CO;2; Cody M. L., 1971, P461; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Cramp S., 1993, BIRDS W PALEARCTIC; CURIO E, 1989, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V4, P81, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90155-9; DELOTELLE RS, 1992, WILSON BULL, V104, P285; Desante DE, 1998, AVIAN CONSERVATION: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT, P93; DESANTE DF, 1992, WILDLIFE 2001 : POPULATIONS, P511; Dinsmore SJ, 2003, ECOL APPL, V13, P1013, DOI 10.1890/01-5311; Doherty PF, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P844, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0844:SOPRBI]2.0.CO;2; Elchuk CL, 2002, WILSON BULL, V114, P349, DOI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0349:FAPRAF]2.0.CO;2; Farner D. S., 1945, Wilson Bulletin Ann Arbor, V57, P56; FISHER RJ, 2006, IN PRESS CONDOR, V108; Forde J.D., 1984, North American Bird Bander, V9, P5; *I BIRD POP, 2003, MON AV PROD SURV MAP; KARR JR, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P277, DOI 10.1086/285098; Khan MZ, 2002, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V51, P336, DOI 10.1007/s00265-001-0441-3; Koenig W. D., 1990, COOPERATIVE BREEDING, P415; KOSSENKO SM, 2003, ORNITHOLOGIA, V30, P97; LEBRETON JD, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P67, DOI 10.2307/2937171; Martin K, 1999, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V115, P243, DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00403-4; MARTIN TE, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P937, DOI 10.1086/285582; Martin TE, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P1028, DOI 10.1086/285891; MARTIN TE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P101, DOI 10.2307/2937160; Martin TE, 2004, AUK, V121, P289, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0289:ALEHAE]2.0.CO;2; McClelland BR, 1999, WILDLIFE SOC B, V27, P846; Michalek KG, 2001, BEHAVIOUR, V138, P1259, DOI 10.1163/15685390152822210; Pasinelli G, 2006, ANN ZOOL FENN, V43, P96; Reznick D, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P1509, DOI 10.2307/3071970; Ricklefs R.E., 1973, P366; ROBERTS JOL, 1971, BIRD BANDING, V42, P165, DOI 10.2307/4511771; Sandercock BK, 2002, AUK, V119, P149, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0149:ASROWS]2.0.CO;2; Sillett TS, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P296, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00599.x; Skutch A. F., 1985, ORNITHOLOGICAL MONOG, V36, P575, DOI DOI 10.2307/40168306; STEARNS SC, 1976, Q REV BIOL, V51, P3, DOI 10.1086/409052; TROMBINO CL, 1998, THESIS NO ILLINOIS U; Walters Eric L., 2002, Birds of North America, V663, P1; WALTERS JR, 1988, ETHOLOGY, V78, P275; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; Wiktander U, 2001, AUK, V118, P624, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0624:AARILS]2.0.CO;2	46	19	19	2	15	FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD	UNIV HELSINKI	P O BOX 17, FIN-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND	0003-455X			ANN ZOOL FENN	Ann. Zool. Fenn.	APR 28	2006	43	2					112	117						6	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	044WD	WOS:000237703000005					2018-11-12	
J	Bishop, MJ; Peterson, CH				Bishop, MJ; Peterson, CH			When r-selection may not predict introduced-species proliferation: Predation of a nonnative oyster	ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS			English	Article						blue crab; Crassostrea ariakensis; exotic species; life-history trade-offs; mechanical defense; predation; proliferation of introduced species	CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; BLUE-CRAB; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; JUVENILE OYSTERS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PREY-SIZE; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES	Predicting outcomes of species introductions may be enhanced by integrating life-history theory with results of contained experiments that compare ecological responses of exotic and analogue native species to dominant features of the recipient environment. An Asian oyster under consideration for introduction to the Chesapeake Bay, USA, the rapidly growing Suminoe oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis), may not be as successful an invader as its r-selected life history suggests if the trade-off for rapid growth and maturation is lower investment in defenses against blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) predation than the native Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). In laboratory trials, blue crabs simultaneously offered equal numbers of Suminoe and Eastern oysters consumed more nonnatives, irrespective of whether the crabs had previous experience with Suminoe oysters as prey. Satiated blue crabs consumed nearly three times as many Suminoe oysters as Eastern oysters of 25-mm shell height, and eight times as many of 35-mm shell height. Despite blue crabs consuming small (30 mm) Suminoe oysters at twice the rate of large (40 mm) Suminoe oysters, when 40-mm Suminoe were paired with 30-mm Eastern oysters, seven times as many of the larger (Suminoe) oysters were consumed. The greater susceptibility of C. ariakensis than C. virginica to blue crab predation appears to be based upon the biomechanics of shell strength rather than active selection of a more attractive food. Much less force was required to crush shells of Suminoe than Eastern oysters of similar shell height. Tissue transplant experiments demonstrated greater predation on oyster tissues in weaker C. ariakensis shells independent of tissue identity, and duration of handling time before rejection of C. virginica exceeded the time to crush C. ariakensis.. These results, coupled with the present importance of blue crab predation in limiting recovery of native Eastern oysters, imply a role for blue crabs in inhibiting Suminoe oysters, if introduced, from attaining high adult densities required to restore a fishery, provide appreciable reef habitat, and reduce turbidity through filtration. Thus, in high-predation environments, allocation of resources to rapid growth and development rather than to predation defenses reflects a life-history trade-off that may promote early stages of invasion, yet prevent attainment of dense adult populations.	Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA	Bishop, MJ (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia.	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Appl.	APR	2006	16	2					718	730		10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0718:WRMNPI]2.0.CO;2				13	Ecology; Environmental Sciences	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	036DW	WOS:000237052200025	16711058				2018-11-12	
J	Fontaine, JJ; Martin, TE				Fontaine, JJ; Martin, TE			Parent birds assess nest predation risk and adjust their reproductive strategies	ECOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						clutch size; egg size; nest predation; parental care; reproduction	FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; CLUTCH SIZE VARIATION; MALE INCUBATION; EGG SIZE; FOOD; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; CONSEQUENCES; MANIPULATION; PLASTICITY	Avian life history theory has long assumed that nest predation plays a minor role in shaping reproductive strategies. Yet, this assumption remains conspicuously untested by broad experiments that alter environmental risk of nest predation, despite the fact that nest predation is a major source of reproductive failure. Here, we examined whether parents can assess experimentally reduced nest predation risk and alter their reproductive strategies. We experimentally reduced nest predation risk and show that in safer environments parents increased investment in young through increased egg size, clutch mass, and the rate they fed nestlings. Parents also increased investment in female condition by increasing the rates that males fed incubating females at the nest, and decreasing the time that females spent incubating. These results demonstrate that birds can assess nest predation risk at large and that nest predation plays a key role in the expression of avian reproductive strategies.	Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA	Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.	joseph.fontaine@umontana.edu	Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010	Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156			Ferretti V, 2005, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V272, P769, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.3039; Ghalambor CK, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.1.101; Ghalambor CK, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P494, DOI 10.1126/science.1059379; HALUPKA K, 1994, J AVIAN BIOL, V25, P251, DOI 10.2307/3677083; HENSLER GL, 1981, WILSON BULL, V93, P42; Julliard R, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P394; Kleindorfer S, 1997, ETHOLOGY, V103, P619; LACK D, 1948, IBIS, V90, P25, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1948.tb01399.x; LYON BE, 1985, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V17, P279, DOI 10.1007/BF00300147; Martin TE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2287, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1281; Martin TE, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P656, DOI 10.2307/176961; MARTIN TE, 1993, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V64, P507; MARTIN TE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P101, DOI 10.2307/2937160; Martin TE, 2000, SCIENCE, V287, P1482, DOI 10.1126/science.287.5457.1482; MARTIN TE, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P453, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002321; MARZLUFF JM, 1985, CONDOR, V87, P559, DOI 10.2307/1367966; MAYFIELD HAROLD, 1961, WILSON BULL, V73, P255; MAYFIELD HF, 1975, WILSON BULL, V87, P456; MONTGOMERIE RD, 1988, Q REV BIOL, V63, P167, DOI 10.1086/415838; Pelayo JT, 2003, AUK, V120, P384, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0384:COESFO]2.0.CO;2; Ricklefs R. E., 1969, SMITHSON CONTRIB ZOO, V9, P1, DOI [DOI 10.5479/SI.00810282.9, 10.5479/si.00810282.9]; Roff Derek A., 1992; Saino N, 2004, FUNCT ECOL, V18, P50, DOI 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00808.x; Sanz JJ, 1996, AUK, V113, P249; SKUTCH AF, 1949, IBIS, V91, P430, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1949.tb02293.x; SLAGSVOLD T, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P945, DOI 10.2307/4669; SLAGSVOLD T, 1982, OECOLOGIA, V54, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF00378388; SMITH HG, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V24, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF00293270; SMITH HG, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P1, DOI 10.2307/1940626; Styrsky JD, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1253, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0771; TINBERGEN JM, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P1113, DOI 10.2307/5035; von HAARTMAN LARS, 1958, ORNIX FENNICA, V35, P71; WESTEBERHARD MJ, 1989, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V20, P249, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001341; Williams Joseph B., 1996, P375; WILLIAMS TD, 1994, BIOL REV, V69, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1994.tb01485.x	35	232	240	6	168	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1461-023X	1461-0248		ECOL LETT	Ecol. Lett.	APR	2006	9	4					428	434		10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00892.x				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	027AE	WOS:000236384100007	16623728				2018-11-12	
J	Collin, R				Collin, R			Sex ratio, life-history invariants, and patterns of sex change in a family of protandrous gastropods	EVOLUTION			English	Article						Bostrycapulus; calyptraeidae; Crepidula; protandry	THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM PISCES; LYSMATA-WURDEMANNI DECAPODA; CORAL-REEF FISH; SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITE; CALYPTRAEID GASTROPODS; BLUEHEAD WRASSE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SIZE ADVANTAGE; SOCIAL-CONTROL; FEMALE CHOICE	Application of optimality theory to the evolution of life histories has been broadly successful in predicting the conditions favoring sex change, the type of change, and the timing of such changes. The size advantage hypothesis predicts that the optimal size at which an individual should change sex is a function of its size and the size and sex of its potential mates. I collected data on the size, sex, and grouping of individuals of 27 populations of 19 species of the calyptraeids, a family of protandrous marine gastropods that includes Crepidula. These data are used to test the following predictions about variation in size at sex change: (1) sex ratio is biased toward the first sex; (2) the ratio of the size at sex change to the maximum size is a life-history invariant; and (3) species that form variable-sized groups or stacks have more variation in size at sex change than species that show less variation in stack formation. Across all 19 species, sex ratio was not significantly more often biased toward the first sex than it was toward the second sex, although sex ratios were significantly male biased more often than they were significantly female biased. Sex ratios ranged from 0.05 to 0.91, and this variation was related to mode of development, skew in size distribution, and frequency of stacking, but not with maximum body size. There was little evidence that the ratio of size at sex change and maximum size is invariant. There is evidence that one of the main underlying assumptions of this life-history invariant, that male fertility increases with the same function of size in all species, is invalid for calyptraeids and probably for other animals. Finally, species that form larger stacks or mating groups had more variation in size at sex change within a population than species that were generally solitary. These results suggest that information about individual groupings should be included in predictions of life-history theory and that more information about the relationship between male fitness and size is also needed.	Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama	Collin, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Aprtado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.	collinr@naos.si.edu	Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010	Collin, Rachel/0000-0001-5103-4460			Allsop DJ, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P1019; Allsop DJ, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P921, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00590.x; Allsop DJ, 2003, NATURE, V425, P783, DOI 10.1038/425783a; Baeza JA, 2004, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V55, P544, DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0744-7; Baldwin AP, 2003, MAR BIOL, V143, P157, DOI 10.1007/s00227-003-1043-6; Bauer RT, 2005, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V85, P101, DOI 10.1017/S0025315405010891h; Bauer RT, 2002, BIOL BULL, V203, P347, DOI 10.2307/1543577; Bauer RT, 2002, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V22, P742, DOI 10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0742:REOAPS]2.0.CO;2; Bauer RT, 1998, MAR BIOL, V132, P223, DOI 10.1007/s002270050388; BUSTON PM, 2004, NATURE          0408, P428; BUXTON CD, 1993, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V36, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF00005979; Chaparro OR, 2002, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V36, P661, DOI 10.1080/00288330.2002.9517122; Chaparro OR, 1999, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V232, P261, DOI 10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00115-4; CHARNOV E L, 1982; Charnov EL, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P1067; CHARNOV EL, 1986, J THEOR BIOL, V119, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(86)80141-2; CHARNOV EL, 1989, NATURE, V338, P148, DOI 10.1038/338148a0; Charnov EL, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P239; CHARNOV EL, 1979, AM NAT, V113, P715, DOI 10.1086/283428; CHARNOV EL, 1981, MAR BIOL LETT, V2, P53; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Cipriani R, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1613, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00949.x; Coe WR, 1938, BIOL BULL-US, V75, P274, DOI 10.2307/1537735; COE WR, 1953, J EXP ZOOL, V122, P5, DOI 10.1002/jez.1401220103; COE WR, 1948, J EXP ZOOL, V108, P155, DOI 10.1002/jez.1401080108; Collin R, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V293, P89, DOI 10.3354/meps293089; Collin R, 1995, AM NAT, V146, P815, DOI 10.1086/285826; Collin R, 2003, SYST BIOL, V52, P618, DOI 10.1080/10635150390235430; Collin R, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V247, P103, DOI 10.3354/meps247103; Collin R, 2000, VELIGER, V43, P24; Freckleton RP, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P712, DOI 10.1086/343873; Gardner A, 2005, AM NAT, V165, P551, DOI 10.1086/429526; Gould HN, 1919, J EXP ZOOL, V29, P113, DOI 10.1002/jez.1400290104; Gould HN, 1917, J EXP ZOOL, V23, P225, DOI 10.1002/jez.1400230202; GOULD HN, 1952, J EXP ZOOL, V119, P93, DOI 10.1002/jez.1401190107; HANNAH RW, 1991, FISH B-NOAA, V89, P41; Hardy ICW, 2002, SEX RATIOS CONCEPTS; HOAGLAND KE, 1978, MALACOLOGIA, V17, P365; LEIGH EG, 1976, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V73, P3655, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1420-9101.2006.01156.X; Lin J, 2001, MAR BIOL, V139, P1155; Nee S, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P1236, DOI 10.1126/science.1114488; Pagel M, 1997, ZOOL SCR, V26, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00423.x; Pagel M, 1999, NATURE, V401, P877, DOI 10.1038/44766; Petersen CW, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P237, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.2.237; POLICANSKY D, 1981, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V78, P1306, DOI 10.1073/pnas.78.2.1306; SCHULTZ ET, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1497, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02599.x; SCHULTZ ET, 1991, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V30, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF02028849; Shapiro D., 1980, Journal of Theoretical Biology, V82, P411; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; WARNER RR, 1987, ANIM BEHAV, V35, P1470, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80019-2; Warner RR, 1996, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V204, P155, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(96)02582-8; WARNER RR, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P1421, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01134.x; WARNER RR, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P772, DOI 10.2307/1936747; WARNER RR, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P61, DOI 10.1086/282974; WARNER RR, 1991, BIOL BULL-US, V181, P199, DOI 10.2307/1542090; Wilson K, 2002, SEX RATIOS: CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH METHODS, P48, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542053.004	56	36	37	0	19	SOC STUDY EVOLUTION	LAWRENCE	810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA	0014-3820			EVOLUTION	Evolution	APR	2006	60	4					735	745		10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01152.x				11	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	041GC	WOS:000237441300009	16739455	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Williamson, KA; Surai, PF; Graves, JA				Williamson, KA; Surai, PF; Graves, JA			Yolk antioxidants and mate attractiveness in the Zebra Finch	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						alpha-tocopherol; carotenoids; differential allocation; maternal effects	GULL LARUS-FUSCUS; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; EGGS; TESTOSTERONE; ANDROGENS; INVESTMENT; DEPOSITION; CANARIES; IMMUNITY; GROWTH	Egg laying is costly for birds, as eggs must contain all the energy and nutrients needed by the developing embryo. As nutrients are limiting, there is a conflict between provisioning eggs and conserving nutrients for future health and survival. Life-history theory suggests that females should choose how to invest resources in relation to the value of the reproductive attempt. Females may manipulate egg composition in relation to the attractiveness of their mate, ensuring chick survival and assuming that the offspring will themselves be more attractive and have higher reproductive success. Antioxidants are an important component of egg composition: they are vital for embryonic and posthatching chick development and survival. Here we demonstrate that female Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) mated to attractive males deposit more carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in later-laid eggs, shown by a significant interaction between laying order and antioxidant concentration. This bias may increase the probability of chick survival from later-laid eggs and potentially the lifetime reproductive success of the laying female. The body condition of the laying female, measured as fat reserves, was found to be a significant predictor of yolk carotenoid concentration but not of yolk alpha-tocopherol concentration.	Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol Sci, St Andrews KY16 9TS, Fife, Scotland; Scottish Agr Coll, Avian Sci Res Ctr, Auchincruive KA6 5HW, Ayr, Scotland	Williamson, KA (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol Sci, St Andrews KY16 9TS, Fife, Scotland.	kaw8@st-and.ac.uk		Surai, Peter/0000-0002-5012-8681			Andersson M., 1992, SEXUAL SELECTION; BAHR JM, 1983, BIOL REPROD, V29, P327; Blount JD, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P29, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1840; BLOUNT JD, 2004, P ROYAL SOC LOND B, V271, pS71; BURLEY N, 1982, ANIM BEHAV, V30, P444, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(82)80055-9; BURLEY N, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P611, DOI 10.1086/284877; Cunningham EJA, 2000, NATURE, V404, P74, DOI 10.1038/35003565; FEINGOLD IB, 1993, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V1176, P192, DOI 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90196-V; Gil D, 2004, HORM BEHAV, V45, P64, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.08.005; Gil D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5437.126; GRAVES J, 1984, ANIM BEHAV, V32, P798, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80156-6; GWINNER H, 2002, HORM BEHAV, V41, P21; Hails R, 2002, MODERN STAT LIFE SCI; Halifeoglu I, 2003, CELL BIOCHEM FUNCT, V21, P133, DOI 10.1002/cbf.1009; Halliwell B., 1999, FREE RADICALS MED BI; Haq AU, 1996, POULTRY SCI, V75, P1092, DOI 10.3382/ps.0751092; HELMS CW, 1960, BIRDBANDING, V31, P1, DOI DOI 10.2307/4510793; Johnson A. L., 2000, STURKIES AVIAN PHYSL; Johnson LS, 2003, J AVIAN BIOL, V34, P35, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.02950.x; Lago K, 2000, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V71, P676, DOI 10.1648/0273-8570-71.4.676; LESSELLS CM, 1991, BEHAV ECOLOGY EVOLUT; MOCK DW, 1990, AM SCI, V78, P438; MOUSSEAU TA, 1998, MAT EFFECTS ADAPTATI, P345; Nager RG, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P159, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2001.320209.x; PETRIE M, 1993, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V251, P127, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1993.0018; Royle NJ, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P472, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00752.x; Royle NJ, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P381, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.4.381; Rutstein AN, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V68, P1087, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.02.011; Saino N, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1005, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1992; SAINO N, 2002, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V269, P1792; Schwabl H, 1997, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V84, P406, DOI 10.1007/s001140050418; Sheldon BC, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P397, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01953-4; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Surai P. F., 2002, NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS; Tanvez A, 2004, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V138, P113, DOI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.05.010; Veasey JS, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P20, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00476.x; Verboven N, 2005, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V57, P357, DOI 10.1007/s00265-004-0862-x; Whittingham LA, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V63, P63, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1889; ZANN R, 1996, ZEBRA FINCH	39	38	38	1	15	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	0269-8463			FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	APR	2006	20	2					354	359		10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01087.x				6	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	042GZ	WOS:000237517400022		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Gibson, MA; Mace, R				Gibson, Mhairi A.; Mace, Ruth			An energy-saving development initiative increases birth rate and childhood malnutrition in rural Ethiopia	PLOS MEDICINE			English	Article							FERTILITY TRANSITION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POPULATION-POLICY; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; IMPROVED WATER; UNMET NEED; MORTALITY; INFANT; CONTRACEPTION; BANGLADESH	Background Evolutionary life history theory predicts that, in the absence of contraception, any enhancement of maternal condition can increase human fertility. Energetic trade-offs are likely to be resolved in favour of maximizing reproductive success rather than health or longevity. Here we find support for the hypothesis that development initiatives designed to improve maternal and child welfare may also incur costs associated with increased family sizes if they do not include a family planning component. Methods and Findings Demographic and anthropometric data were collected in a rural Ethiopian community benefiting from a recent labour-saving development technology that reduces women's energetic expenditure (n = 1,976 households). Using logistic hazards models and general linear modelling techniques, we found that whilst infant mortality has declined, the birth rate has increased, causing greater scarcity of resources within households. Conclusions This study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate a link between a technological development intervention and an increase in both birth rate and childhood malnutrition. Women's nutritional status was not improved by the energy-saving technology, because energy was diverted into higher birth rates. We argue that the contribution of biological processes to increased birth rates in areas of the developing world without access to modern contraception has been overlooked. This highlights the continued need for development programmes to be multisectoral, including access to and promotion of contraception.	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J	Eggers, S; Griesser, M; Nystrand, M; Ekman, J				Eggers, S; Griesser, M; Nystrand, M; Ekman, J			Predation risk induces changes in nest-site selection and clutch size in the Siberian jay	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						clutch size; nest site selection; predation; phenotypic plasticity; life-history	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PERISOREUS-INFAUSTUS; DELAYED DISPERSAL; GREAT-TIT; BIRDS; REPRODUCTION; INCUBATION; PLASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; SHIFTS	Life-history theory predicts that an individual should reduce its reproductive efforts by laying a smaller clutch size when high risk of nest predation reduces the value of current reproduction. Evidence in favour of this 'nest predation hypothesis', however, is scarce and based largely on correlative analyses. Here, we manipulated perceived risk of nest predation in the Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus using playback involving a mixture of calls by corvid nest predators in the vicinity of nest sites. In response to being exposed to this acoustic cue simulating increased risk of nest predation, the jays chose a nest site offering more protective covering and reduced clutch size. This is the first experimental demonstration of clutch size adjustment and nest site selection as a result of phenotypic plasticity in an open nesting passerine reflecting a facultative response to the perceived risk of nest predation.	Evolut Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Evolut, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden	Eggers, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	sonke.eggers@zoologi.su.se	Nystrand, Magdalena/D-1399-2009; Griesser, Michael/E-4340-2012; IB/USP, Genetica e Biologia/G-1755-2017; Griesser, Michael/J-4542-2012	Griesser, Michael/0000-0002-2220-2637			Ball SL, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1116, DOI 10.2307/2265580; Boulton RL, 2003, J AVIAN BIOL, V34, P267, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03062.x; Conway CJ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P178, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.2.178; CROWL TA, 1990, SCIENCE, V247, P949, DOI 10.1126/science.247.4945.949; Doligez B, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2582, DOI 10.1890/02-3116; Eggers S, 2005, OIKOS, V111, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13802.x; Eggers S, 2005, BEHAV ECOL, V16, P309, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh163; EKMAN J, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P245, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.3.245; Ekman J, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V64, P453, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.3075; Ekman J, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P317, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00490.x; Forstmeier W, 2004, OIKOS, V104, P487, DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.1999.12698.x; Hindmarch TD, 2001, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V30, P919, DOI 10.1603/0046-225X-30.5.919; Julliard R, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P394; Larsen T, 2000, IBIS, V142, P476, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04444.x; Littell RC, 1996, SAS SYSTEM MIXED MOD; Martin TE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2287, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1281; MARTIN TE, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P579, DOI 10.2307/1940764; Martin TE, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P1028, DOI 10.1086/285891; MARTIN TE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P101, DOI 10.2307/2937160; Martin TE, 2000, SCIENCE, V287, P1482, DOI 10.1126/science.287.5457.1482; Martin TE, 1999, AM NAT, V153, P131, DOI 10.1086/303153; MARZLUFF JM, 1988, ANIM BEHAV, V36, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(88)80244-6; McCleery RH, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P96, DOI 10.2307/5703; Reid JM, 2000, FUNCT ECOL, V14, P560, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.t01-1-00446.x; REZNICK DA, 1990, NATURE, V346, P357, DOI 10.1038/346357a0; Roff Derek A., 1992; SAFRIEL UN, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P703, DOI 10.2307/1935505; SKUTCH AF, 1949, IBIS, V91, P430, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1949.tb02293.x; SLAGSVOLD T, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P945, DOI 10.2307/4669; Strickland D, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P2128, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-12-2128; WEBB DR, 1987, CONDOR, V91, P628	31	179	190	4	112	ROYAL SOC	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	0962-8452	1471-2954		P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI	Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	MAR 22	2006	273	1587					701	706		10.1098/rspb.2005.3373				6	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	019AC	WOS:000235806400010	16608689	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Michod, RE; Viossat, Y; Solari, CA; Hurand, M; Nedelcu, AM				Michod, RE; Viossat, Y; Solari, CA; Hurand, M; Nedelcu, AM			Life-history evolution and the origin of multicellularity	JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						cost of reproduction; germ-soma differentiation; fitness; body size; evolutionary transitions; life-history evolution; Volvox	COLONIAL VOLVOCALES CHLOROPHYCEAE; AMEBA DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; GERM-SOMA DIFFERENTIATION; MULTILEVEL SELECTION; CONFLICT MEDIATION; VOLVOX-CARTERI; TRADE-OFFS; INDIVIDUALITY; GENE; REPRODUCTION	The fitness of an evolutionary individual can be understood in terms of its two basic components: survival and reproduction. As embodied in current theory, trade-offs between these fitness components drive the evolution of life-history traits in extant multicellular organisms. Here, we argue that the evolution of germ-soma specialization and the emergence of individuality at a new higher level during the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms are also consequences of trade-offs between the two components of fitness-survival and reproduction. The models presented here explore fitness trade-offs at both the cell and group levels during the unicellular-multicellular transition. When the two components of fitness negatively covary at the lower level there is an enhanced fitness at the group level equal to the covariance of components at the lower level. We show that the group fitness trade-offs are initially determined by the cell level trade-offs. However, as the transition proceeds to multicellularity, the group level trade-offs depart from the cell level ones, because certain fitness advantages of cell specialization may be realized only by the group. The curvature of the trade-off between fitness components is a basic issue in life-history theory and we predict that this Curvature is concave in single-celled organisms but becomes increasingly convex as group size increases in multicellular organisms. We argue that the increasingly convex curvature of the trade-off function is driven by the initial cost of reproduction to Survival which increases as group size increases. To illustrate the principles and conclusions of the model, we consider aspects of the biology of the volvocine green algae, which contain both unicellular and multicellular members. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Ecole Polytech, Lab Econ, F-75005 Paris, France; Stockholm Sch Econ, Dept Econ, SE-11383 Stockholm, Sweden; Ecole Polytech, Lab Informat, F-91128 Palaiseau, France; Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada	Michod, RE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	michod@u.arizona.edu; yannick.viossat@polytechnique.org; casolari@email.arizona.edu; mathilde.hurand@polytechnique.org; anedelcu@unb.ca					Bell G., 1985, ORIGIN EVOLUTION SEX, P221; BENKMAN CW, 1993, ECOL MONOGR, V63, P305, DOI 10.2307/2937103; Benson KE, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P506; Blows MW, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P329, DOI 10.1086/381941; BUCHHEIM MA, 1994, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V3, P322, DOI 10.1006/mpev.1994.1039; CARRIERE Y, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V102, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF00329806; CHARLESWORTH B, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P449, DOI 10.1086/283079; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Coleman AW, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P13892, DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.24.13892; DAMUTH J, 1988, BIOL PHILOS, V3, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF00647962; DESNITSKI AG, 1995, EUR J PROTISTOL, V31, P241, DOI 10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80087-8; Foster KR, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2357, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2163; King N, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P15032, DOI 10.1073/pnas.261477698; Kirk D. 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Theor. Biol.	MAR 21	2006	239	2					257	272		10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.043				16	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	026LP	WOS:000236340700015	16288782				2018-11-12	
J	Rutz, C; Whittingham, MJ; Newton, I				Rutz, C; Whittingham, MJ; Newton, I			Age-dependent diet choice in an avian top predator	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						Accipiter gentilis; age-dependent foraging proficiency; delayed maturation and breeding; fitness; life-history theory; northern goshawk	GOSHAWKS ACCIPITER-GENTILIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EUROPEAN BLACKBIRDS; BIRDS; SPARROWHAWKS; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; NISUS; SIZE	Age-dependent breeding performance is arguably one of the best-documented phenomena in ornithology. The existence of age-related trends has major implications for life-history theory, but the proximate reasons for these patterns remain poorly understood. It has been proposed that poor breeding performance of young individuals might reflect lack of foraging skills. We investigated this possibility in a medium-sized, powerful raptor-the northern goshawk Accipitergentilis. Male goshawks are responsible for providing their females and their offspring with food. We hypothesized that young males may generally show poor breeding performance or even delay breeding, because they lack the experience to hunt efficiently-especially, their principal avian prey, the feral pigeon Columba livia. Our study exploited a rare 'natural experiment', the expansion phase of an urban population, where intraspecific interference was negligible and many young males bred successfully. This enabled us to examine the improvement of foraging skills in a larger sample of young individuals, and in more controlled conditions than usually possible. Using data from individually identified male breeders, we show that, consistent with our hypothesis, the proportion of pigeons in the diet increased significantly with male age, for at least the first three years of life. Other studies have shown a parallel increase in productivity, and a positive effect of a pigeon-rich diet on brood size and nestling condition, stressing the potential fitness relevance of this prey species for goshawks. Our results suggest a causal link between patterns of age-dependence in foraging ecology and reproductive performance. Furthermore, our study is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that prey choice of breeders, which might reflect individual hunting skills, is age-dependent in a raptor.	Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; Univ Newcastle, Sch Biol & Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4RU, Tyne & Wear, England; Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Huntingdon PE28 2LS, Cambs, England	Rutz, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.	christian.rutz@zoo.ox.ac.uk	Whittingham, Mark/C-4958-2008		Natural Environment Research Council [CEH010010]		Bijlsma R., 1997, HANDLEIDING VELDONDE; Bijlsma R. G, 1993, ECOLOGISCHE ATLAS NE; Black J. 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J	Carl, LM; McGuiness, F				Carl, LM; McGuiness, F			Lake whitefish and lake herring population structure and niche in ten south-central Ontario lakes	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						catch per unit effort; diet; size at age; bet-hedging	TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; FISH COMMUNITIES; PREDATION; OPEONGO; BURBOT	This study compares simple fish communities of ten oligotrophic lakes in south-central Ontario. Species densities and population size structure vary significantly among these lake communities depending on fish species present beyond the littoral zone. Lake whitefish are fewer and larger in the presence of lake herring than in their absence. Diet analysis indicates that lake whitefish shift from feeding on both plankton and benthic prey when lake herring are absent to a primarily benthic feeding niche in the presence of lake herring. When benthic round whitefish are present, lake whitefish size and density decline and they move lower in the lake compared to round whitefish. Burbot are also fewer and larger in lakes with lake herring than in lakes without herring. Burbot, in turn, appear to influence the population structure of benthic coregonine species. Lower densities of benthic lake whitefish and round whitefish are found in lakes containing large benthic burbot than in lakes with either small burbot or where burbot are absent. Predation on the pelagic larvae of burbot and lake whitefish by planktivorous lake herring alters the size and age structure of these populations. As life history theory predicts, those species with poor larval survival appear to adopt a bet-hedging life history strategy of long-lived individuals as a reproductive reserve.	Trent Univ, Minist Nat Resources, Harkness Lab Fisheries Lab, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Peterborough, ON, Canada	Carl, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.	lcarl@usgs.gov					BARBOUR CD, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P473, DOI 10.1086/282927; CARL LM, 1995, T AM FISH SOC, V124, P77, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0077:STOBIL>2.3.CO;2; CARL LM, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V243, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF00007038; CARL LM, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V243, P237, DOI 10.1007/BF00007039; CARL LM, FISH COMMUNITY ENV E; CARL LML, 2000, SPECIAL PUBLICATION, V1, P81; Carr MH, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P11241, DOI 10.1073/pnas.162653499; Casselman J.M., 1987, P209; DAY AC, 1983, THESIS U MANITOBA; Evans DO, 1991, EFFECTS EXPLOITATION; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; GODDARD CI, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P239; Harvey H.H., 1975, Verhandlungen Int Verein Theor Angew Limnol, V19, P2406; Jackson DA, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P157, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-58-1-157; Langeland A., 1991, American Fisheries Society Symposium, V9, P88; LAW R, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P399, DOI 10.1086/283488; NIKOLSKI GV, 1969, THEORY FISH POPULATI; Romare P, 2003, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V48, P1956, DOI 10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1956; STEARNS SC, 1980, OIKOS, V35, P266, DOI 10.2307/3544434; SVARDSON G, 1976, REP I FRESHWATER RES, V55, P144; TONN WM, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P194, DOI 10.1139/f86-022; Townsend CR, 2003, CONSERV BIOL, V17, P38, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02017.x; TRIPPEL EA, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P1347; WALTERS CJ, 1988, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V45, P530, DOI 10.1139/f88-062; WERNER EE, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P256, DOI 10.2307/1937653	25	7	10	1	11	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0378-1909			ENVIRON BIOL FISH	Environ. Biol. Fishes	MAR	2006	75	3					315	323		10.1007/s10641-006-0030-4				9	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	039FW	WOS:000237292400006					2018-11-12	
J	Leips, J; Gilligan, P; Mackay, TFC				Leips, J; Gilligan, P; Mackay, TFC			Quantitative trait loci with age-specific effects on fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster	GENETICS			English	Review							GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; FITNESS-RELATED TRAITS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; SELECTION EXPERIMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CALORIC RESTRICTION; AFFECTING LONGEVITY	Life-history theory and evolutionary, theories of aging assume the existence of alleles with age-specific effects oil fitness. While various Studies have documented age-related changes in the genetic contribution to variation in fitness components, we know very little about the underlying genetic architecture Of Such changes. We used a set of recombinant inbred lines to map and characterize the effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster females at 1 and 4 weeks of age. We identified one QTL on the second chromosome and one or two QTL affecting fecundity oil the third chromosome, but these QTL affected fecundity only at I week of age. There was more genetic variation for fecundity at 4 weeks of age than at I week of age and there was no genetic correlation between early and late-age fecundity. These results Suggest that. different loci contribute to the variation in fecundity as the organism ages. Our data provide Support for the mutation accumulation theory of aging as applied to reproductive senescence. Comparing the results from this study with our previous work on life-span QTL, we also find evidence that antagonistic pleiotropy may contribute to the genetic basis of senescence in these lines as well.	Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA; N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA	Leips, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.	leips@umbc.edu			NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45344, P01 GM045344, F32 GM018818, GM18818-03]		AIGAKI T, 1984, EXP GERONTOL, V19, P13, DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(84)90027-5; Ayyadevara S, 2003, GENETICS, V163, P557; Barton NH, 2002, NAT REV GENET, V3, P11, DOI 10.1038/nrg700; BARTON NH, 1989, ANNU REV GENET, V23, P337, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ge.23.120189.002005; Broekmans Frank J, 2004, Menopause, V11, P607, DOI 10.1097/01.GME.0000123643.76105.27; Chang KT, 2002, AGEING RES REV, V1, P313, DOI 10.1016/S1568-1637(02)00003-X; Charlesworth B, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P6140, DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.12.6140; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHURCHILL GA, 1994, GENETICS, V138, P963; Colosimo PF, 2005, SCIENCE, V307, P1928, DOI 10.1126/science.1107239; Curtsinger JW, 2002, MECH AGEING DEV, V123, P81, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00345-1; 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J	Derry, PS				Derry, Paula S.			A lifespan biological model of menopause	SEX ROLES			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	15th Biennial Conference of the Society-for-Menstrual-Cycle-Research	JUN 05-07, 2003	Pittsburgh, PA	Soc Menstrual Cycle Res		menopause; women's health; life history theory; adult development	BONE LOSS; WOMEN; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; DENSITY; RISK	This paper continues the author's theoretical reconsideration of the biology of menopause (Derry, 2002). The author's broader-biological theoretical model of menopause, the Lifespan Biological Model, asserts that menopause is best understood by considering the biology of healthy systems. The biological subfield of life history theory combined with the psychological subfield of lifespan development provides a useful starting point to understand the biology of menopause. When compared with other mammals, humans have unusual life stages, one of which is a post-reproductive stage of relatively healthy, competent adulthood. Implications of the model are discussed with regard to conceptualizing: menopause as normal versus pathological; the arc of development as childhood growth/adult stability/aging senescence versus lifespan developmental; and the relation of menopause to chronic disease, especially osteoporosis.	Paula Derry Enterprises Hlth Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21212 USA	Derry, PS (reprint author), Paula Derry Enterprises Hlth Psychol, 4811 Crowson Ave, Baltimore, MD 21212 USA.	pderry@bcpl.net					Ahlborg HG, 2003, NEW ENGL J MED, V349, P327, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa022464; Ahlborg HG, 2001, BONE, V28, P327, DOI 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00451-8; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; BROWN JK, 1985, HER PRIME; Cao J, 2003, J BONE MINER RES, V18, P270, DOI 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.2.270; Day L, 2002, BRIT MED J, V325, P128, DOI 10.1136/bmj.325.7356.128; DeLaet CEDH, 1997, BRIT MED J, V315, P221, DOI 10.1136/bmj.315.7102.221; Derry PS, 2002, SEX ROLES, V46, P13, DOI 10.1023/A:1016081400820; DIAMOND J, 1996, DISCOVER, V17, P130; Gosden R, 1996, CHEATING TIME; Hawkes K, 1997, CURR ANTHROPOL, V38, P551, DOI 10.1086/204646; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; HELSON R, 1992, PSYCHOL AGING, V7, P46, DOI 10.1037/0882-7974.7.1.46; KANIS JA, 1993, OSTEOPOROSIS INT S, V1, P10; Lee R. B., 1985, HER PRIME, P23; National Institutes of Health, 2000, OST PREV DIAGN THER; NOTMAN MT, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V592, P149; PAVELKA MSM, 1991, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V34, P13; Pfaff D. W., 1999, DRIVE NEUROBIOLOGICA; Rebar RW, 2000, MENOPAUSE, V7, P5; RICHARDSON SJ, 1987, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V65, P1231, DOI 10.1210/jcem-65-6-1231; SARKAR S, 2002, J BONE MINER RES, V1, P1; Siris ES, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V286, P2815, DOI 10.1001/jama.286.22.2815	23	3	3	1	7	SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0360-0025			SEX ROLES	Sex Roles	MAR	2006	54	5-6					393	399		10.1007/s11199-006-9008-0				7	Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Women's Studies	Psychology; Women's Studies	101OX	WOS:000241751200010					2018-11-12	
J	Martin, TE; Bassar, RD; Bassar, SK; Fontaine, JJ; Lloyd, P; Mathewson, HA; Niklison, AM; Chalfoun, A				Martin, TE; Bassar, RD; Bassar, SK; Fontaine, JJ; Lloyd, P; Mathewson, HA; Niklison, AM; Chalfoun, A			Life-history and ecological correlates of geographic variation in egg and clutch mass among passerine species	EVOLUTION			English	Article						allometry; birds; clutch size; egg mass; nest predation; trade-offs	PARENTAL CARE; NEST PREDATION; TRADE-OFF; INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIP; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; MAYFIELD METHOD; OFFSPRING SIZE; PROPAGULE SIZE; K-SELECTION; BIRDS	Broad geographic patterns in egg and clutch mass are poorly described, and potential causes of variation remain largely unexamined. We describe interspecific variation in avian egg and clutch mass within and among diverse geographic regions and explore hypotheses related to allometry, clutch size, nest predation, adult mortality, and parental care as correlates and possible explanations of variation. We studied 74 species of Passeriformes at four latitudes on three continents: the north temperate United States, tropical Venezuela, subtropical Argentina, and south temperate South Africa. Egg and clutch mass increased with adult body mass in all locations, but differed among locations for the same body mass, demonstrating that egg and clutch mass have evolved to some extent independent of body mass among regions. A major portion of egg mass variation was explained by an inverse relationship with clutch size within and among regions, as predicted by life-history theory. However, clutch size did not explain all geographic differences in egg mass; eggs were smallest in South Africa despite small clutch sizes. These small eggs might be explained by high nest predation rates in South Africa; life-history theory predicts reduced reproductive effort under high risk of offspring mortality. This prediction was supported for clutch mass, which was inversely related to nest predation but not for egg mass. Nevertheless, clutch mass variation was not fully explained by nest predation, possibly reflecting interacting effects of adult mortality. Tests of the possible effects of nest predation on egg mass were compromised by limited power and by counterposing direct and indirect effects. Finally, components of parental investment, defined as effort per offspring, might be expected to positively coevolve. Indeed, egg mass, but not clutch mass, was greater in species that shared incubation by males and females compared with species in which only females incubate eggs. However, egg and clutch mass were not related to effort of parental care as measured by incubation attentiveness. Ecological and life-history correlates of egg and clutch mass variation found here follow from theory, but possible evolutionary causes deserve further study.	Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; Univ Cape Town, Ctr Excellence, Natl Res Fdn, Dept Sci & Technol,Percy FitzPatrick Inst African, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa	Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.	tom.martin@umontana.edu; rdbassar@yahoo.com; myioborus@yahoo.com; joseph.fontaine@umontana.edu; plloyd@botzoo.uct.ac.za; heatherm@unr.edu; alina.niklison@mso.umt.edu; anna.chalfoun@umontana.edu	Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010	Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156			Armbruster P, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P439; Barker FK, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P295, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1883; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; BERRIGAN D, 1991, OIKOS, V60, P313, DOI 10.2307/3545073; Birdsley JS, 2002, AUK, V119, P715, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0715:POTTFT]2.0.CO;2; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, AUK, V108, P209; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, AUK, V108, P973; Bonduriansky R, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P389, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00221.x; Caley MJ, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1245; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Chesser RT, 2004, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V32, P11, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.015; Christians JK, 2002, BIOL REV, V77, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005784; Cibois A, 2004, MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL, V32, P264, DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.12.002; CODY ML, 1966, EVOLUTION, V20, P174, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1966.tb03353.x; Czesak ME, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1121; Dodds PS, 2001, J THEOR BIOL, V209, P9, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2238; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; FLEMING IA, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P1, DOI 10.2307/1940241; FONTAINE JJ, 2006, IN PRESS ECOL LETT; Forsman A, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P818, DOI 10.2307/2389979; Ghalambor CK, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P494, DOI 10.1126/science.1059379; Gollmann B, 1996, HERPETOLOGICA, V52, P181; Harvey P. 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F., 1957, Ibis, V99, P69, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1957.tb01934.x; SLAGSVOLD T, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P945, DOI 10.2307/4669; SLAGSVOLD T, 1982, OECOLOGIA, V54, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF00378388; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; West GB, 1999, SCIENCE, V284, P1677, DOI 10.1126/science.284.5420.1677; West GB, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P122, DOI 10.1126/science.276.5309.122; White CR, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P4046, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0436428100; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; Williams TD, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P423, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1374; WILLIAMS TD, 1994, BIOL REV, V69, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1994.tb01485.x; WINKLER DW, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P708, DOI 10.1086/284667	74	98	102	2	52	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0014-3820	1558-5646		EVOLUTION	Evolution	FEB	2006	60	2					390	398						9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	026ZW	WOS:000236383200016	16610329				2018-11-12	
J	Ford, NB; Seigel, RA				Ford, NB; Seigel, RA			Intra-individual variation in clutch and offspring size in an oviparous snake	JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article						snakes; between-clutch variation; phenotypic plasticity	BODY-SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; UTA-STANSBURIANA; EGG SIZE; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; GARTER SNAKE	Intra-individual variation can be extremely informative in understanding the evolution of life-history traits. In this study, we examined intra-individual variation in clutch and offspring size for brown house snakes Lamprophis fuliginosus, a species that can lay up to six clutches in the laboratory within a 12-month interval without a refractory period. The number of clutches produced per female during this interval ranged from two to six, and there was no significant relationship between the total number of clutches laid and maternal body size. Unlike results from lizards and turtles, house snakes showed no significant changes in clutch size or offspring size among successive clutches, and individual repeatability of both traits was moderate to high. House snakes in this study also showed a strong negative relationship between clutch size and offspring size for all clutches produced, as expected by life-history theory. Our data indicate that house snakes show much less intra-individual variation than most other reptile species examined. However, this high level of consistency may be due to regulation of food availability under laboratory conditions. This will be varied in future experiments to test the degree of plasticity exhibited by individual females for these traits.	Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA; Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX USA	Seigel, RA (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA.	rseigel@towson.edu					ANDREN C, 1983, Amphibia-Reptilia, V4, P63, DOI 10.1163/156853883X00274; Ballinger R.E., 1983, P241; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P83; Bonnet X, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P333, DOI 10.2307/3546846; Bonnet X, 2001, J ZOOL, V255, P341, DOI 10.1017/S0952836901001443; Bonnet X, 2000, OIKOS, V89, P509, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890310.x; Broadley DG., 1983, FITZSIMONS SNAKES SO; Brodie ED, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V57, P445, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0990; Bronikowski AM, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P2314, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2314:TEEOLH]2.0.CO;2; Brown GP, 2002, J ZOOL, V258, P63, DOI 10.1017/S0952836902001218; BROWN WS, 1991, HERPETOLOGICA, V47, P101; Doody JS, 2003, J ZOOL, V259, P179, DOI 10.1017/S0952836902003217; FARRELL TM, 1995, J HERPETOL, V29, P21, DOI 10.2307/1565081; FERGUSON GW, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P342, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00292.x; FERGUSON GW, 1986, HERPETOLOGICA, V42, P185; FERGUSON GW, 1982, HERPETOLOGICA, V38, P178; FERGUSON GW, 1990, HERPETOLOGICA, V46, P227; FORD NB, 1989, HERPETOLOGICA, V45, P75; FORD NB, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1768, DOI 10.2307/1938110; Ford Neil B., 2001, African Journal of Herpetology, V50, P31; GIBBONS JW, 1982, HERPETOLOGICA, V38, P222; Gregory PT, 1998, AM NAT, V151, P477, DOI 10.1086/286134; Hatle JD, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V132, P517, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0994-5; Huey RB, 1983, LIZARD ECOLOGY STUDI; Jordan MA, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V130, P44, DOI 10.1007/s004420100776; Luiselli L, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V106, P100, DOI 10.1007/BF00334412; Madsen T, 1996, HERPETOLOGICA, V52, P146; MILES D. B., 1988, BIOL REPTILIA, p[443, 659]; NUSSBAUM RA, 1981, OECOLOGIA, V49, P8, DOI 10.1007/BF00376891; Olsson M, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P135, DOI 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00600.x; Olsson M, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P179, DOI 10.1086/285985; Roff Derek A., 1992; SEIGEL R A, 1987, P210; Seigel Richard A., 1993, P395; Shine R, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01853-X; Shine R, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P995, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2307; SINERVO B, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05198.x; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; STEARNS SC, 1989, BIOSCIENCE, V39, P436, DOI 10.2307/1311135; STEWART JR, 1979, HERPETOLOGICA, V35, P342; TRYON B W, 1984, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, V87, P98, DOI 10.2307/3627843; VANBERKUM FH, 1989, FUNCT ECOL, V3, P97; Vanhooydonck B, 2001, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V74, P937, DOI 10.1086/324749	43	12	13	0	8	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0952-8369	1469-7998		J ZOOL	J. Zool.	FEB	2006	268	2					171	176		10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00006				6	Zoology	Zoology	008YF	WOS:000235077600006					2018-11-12	
J	Beauplet, G; Barbraud, C; Dabin, W; Kussener, C; Guinet, C				Beauplet, G; Barbraud, C; Dabin, W; Kussener, C; Guinet, C			Age-specific survival and reproductive performances in fur seals: evidence of senescence and individual quality	OIKOS			English	Review							NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TROPICALIS; BREEDING EXPERIENCE; AMSTERDAM ISLAND; MARKED ANIMALS; RED DEER; ROE DEER; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION	Life history theory hypothesises that breeding events induce reproductive costs that may vary among individuals. However, the growing number of studies addressing this question are taxonomically biased, therefore impeding the generalisation of this hypothesis, especially with regard to marine top predators. This study investigated age-related survival and breeding performances in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) females from Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean. Using multistate capture-recapture models on data obtained from known-age tagged females over eight consecutive years, we tested for evidence of senescence, individual quality, and reproductive costs in terms of future survival and fecundity. Adult female yearly survival appeared high and constant throughout time. While a two age-class model was preferred in non-breeders, breeding females exhibited three age classes with a maximum survival for the prime-age class (7-12 years). Survival and reproductive probabilities decreased from 13 years onward, suggesting senescence in this population. Survival was lower for non-breeders than for breeders, among both prime-aged (0.938 vs 0.982) and older (0.676 vs 0.855) females. Furthermore, non-breeders exhibited higher probabilities of being non-breeders the following year than did breeders (0.555 vs 0.414). Such results suggest consistency in female breeding performance over years, supporting the hypothesis that non-breeding tend to occur among lower quality individuals rather than representing an alternative strategy to enhance residual reproductive value. However, the high proportion of females that did not breed during two consecutive years, and the lower probability of being a successful breeder after a greater reproductive effort confirmed the existence of reproductive costs, especially during the second half of the lactation. These results also suggest that younger age-classes included a higher proportion of lower quality individuals, which are likely to face higher costs of reproduction. Such hypotheses lead to consider the first breeding event as a filter generating a within-cohort selection process in females.	CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, FR-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; Ctr Rech Mammiferes Marins, FR-17000 La Rochelle, France	Beauplet, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Marine Life Sci, 4700 Ave U,Bldg 303, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.	ufuf@cebc.cnrs.fr	Barbraud, Christophe/A-5870-2012				Anderson DR, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P261; ARNASON A N, 1973, Researches on Population Ecology (Tokyo), V15, P1; Arnould JPY, 2003, CAN J ZOOL, V81, P1428, DOI 10.1139/Z03-134; Beauplet G, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P1160, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01016.x; Beauplet G, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V273, P211, DOI 10.3354/meps273211; Berube CH, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P2555, DOI 10.2307/177240; BESTER MN, 1995, MAR MAMMAL SCI, V11, P362, DOI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00291.x; Bowen W.D., 1991, P66; BOYD IL, 1995, J ANIM ECOL, V64, P505, DOI 10.2307/5653; Burnham K. 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J	Sedinger, JS; Ward, DH; Schamber, JL; Butler, WI; Eldridge, WD; Conant, B; Voelzer, JF; Chelgren, ND; Herzog, MP				Sedinger, JS; Ward, DH; Schamber, JL; Butler, WI; Eldridge, WD; Conant, B; Voelzer, JF; Chelgren, ND; Herzog, MP			Effects of El Nino on distribution and reproductive performance of Black Brant	ECOLOGY			English	Article						arctic; Black Brant; Branta bernicla nigricans; breeding; demography; El Nino; herbivore; population; robust design; sea surface temperature; Zostera marina	LESSER SNOW GEESE; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; EELGRASS ABUNDANCE; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; MARKED ANIMALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLUTCH SIZE; GROWTH	Climate in low-latitude wintering areas may influence temperate and high-latitude breeding populations of birds, but demonstrations of such relationships have been rare because of difficulties in linking wintering with breeding populations. We used long-term aerial surveys in Mexican wintering areas and breeding areas in Alaska, USA, to assess numbers of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; hereafter brant) on their principal wintering and breeding area in El Nino and non-El Nino years. We used Pollock's robust design to directly estimate probability of breeding and apparent annual survival of individually marked brant at the Tutakoke River (TR) colony, Alaska, in each year between 1988 and 2001. Fewer brant wintered in Mexico during every El Nino event since 1965. Fewer brant were observed on the principal breeding area following each El Nino since surveys began in 1985. Probability of breeding was negatively related to January sea surface temperature along the subtropical coast of North America during the preceding winter., Between 23% (five-year-olds or older) and 30% (three-year-olds) fewer brant nested in 1998 following the strong El Nino event in the winter of 1997-1998 than in non-El Nino years. This finding is consistent with life history theory, which predicts that longer-lived species preserve adult survival at the expense of reproduction. Oceanographic conditions off Baja California, apparently by their effect on Zostera marina (eelgrass), strongly influence winter distribution of brant geese and their reproduction (but not survival), which in turn affects ecosystem dynamics in Alaska.	Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA; US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA; US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA; US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA; US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA; Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA	Sedinger, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA.	jsedinger@cabnr.unr.edu					Alisauskas RT, 2002, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V66, P181, DOI 10.2307/3802884; ANKNEY CD, 1978, AUK, V95, P459; ANTHONY RM, 1991, WILDLIFE SOC B, V19, P176; Bety J, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P110, DOI 10.1086/375680; Burnham K. 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B	Hawkes, K		Hawkes, K; Paine, RR		Hawkes, Kristen			Life history theory and human evolution - A chronicle of ideas and findings	Evolution of Human Life History	SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH ADVANCED SEMINAR SERIES		English	Proceedings Paper	Seminar on Evolution of Human Life History	NOV 02-08, 2002	Santa Fe, NM	Sch Amer Res				Fertility ends at similar ages in women and female chimpanzees, but humans usually live longer and mature later. We also differ from our closest living relatives in weaning infants before they can feed themselves. The comparisons pose questions about when and why the distinctively human life history traits evolved in our lineage. Here I outline the basic framework of the field of life history evolution and, against that background, chronicle past inquiries into each of these distinctively human traits. The chronicle covers discovery and description, guided sometimes by hypotheses about underlying developmental mechanisms and sometimes by hypotheses about adaptive effects. Following the review, I discuss the continuing importance of distinguishing between questions about mechanisms and adaptive effects in light of accumulating fossil evidence and progress in genomics. 1 conclude with a brief reference to the most influential adaptive hypothesis to date, the Hunting hypothesis, and some of the accumulating empirical challenges to it, setting the stage for current debates addressed in subsequent chapters.	Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA								0	17	18	0	5	SCHOOL AMERICAN RESEARCH PRESS	SANTA FE	PO BOX 2188, SANTA FE, NM 87504-2188 USA			1-930618-72-7	SCH AM RES			2006							45	93						49	Anthropology	Anthropology	BFB60	WOS:000240856000003					2018-11-12	
B	Bogin, B		Hawkes, K; Paine, RR		Bogin, Barry			Modern human life history - The evolution of human childhood and fertility	Evolution of Human Life History	SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH ADVANCED SEMINAR SERIES		English	Proceedings Paper	Seminar on Evolution of Human Life History	NOV 02-08, 2002	Santa Fe, NM	Sch Amer Res				Life history theory needs to account for certain features of human social behavior and physical growth that are unusual compared with other primates. Human infants have a relatively early age for weaning (the cessation of breastfeeding)-on average, by age 36 months-but after weaning, human children are still dependent on older individuals for food and protection, until about age 7 years. Many members of the social group-older siblings, grandmothers, fathers, other kin, even nonkin-take an active role in this provisioning. Also, humans have seven to ten years of relatively slow growth following weaning and then a few years of rapid growth in virtually all skeletal dimensions of the body. No other primate species shares this pattern of skeletal growth. A central question in life history evolution is, did these characteristics evolve as a package or as a mosaic? The evidence suggests a mosaic, with the evolution of a childhood life stage more than two million years ago as perhaps the earliest feature of modern human growth. The evolution of childhood occurred because it provided reproductive advantages to the mother-by weaning early, the mother was free to reproduce again, faster than any ape. As a secondary benefit, the extra time for growth and development afforded by childhood enabled greater investments in physical and social capital of the youngster before maturation. These investments, especially in greater brain growth and behavioral complexity, may be inadvertent and chance consequences of the evolution of childhood. The primary driver of the evolution of human life history was the evolution of childhood and cooperative care of children. These allowed for more rapid reproduction, higher-quality offspring, and lower prereproductive mortality than ever before in mammalian history.	Univ Michigan, Dept Behav Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA								0	22	23	0	24	SCHOOL AMERICAN RESEARCH PRESS	SANTA FE	PO BOX 2188, SANTA FE, NM 87504-2188 USA			1-930618-72-7	SCH AM RES			2006							197	230						34	Anthropology	Anthropology	BFB60	WOS:000240856000007					2018-11-12	
B	Jones, NB		Hawkes, K; Paine, RR		Jones, Nicholas Blurton			Contemporary hunter-gatherers and human life history evolution	Evolution of Human Life History	SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH ADVANCED SEMINAR SERIES		English	Proceedings Paper	Seminar on Evolution of Human Life History	NOV 02-08, 2002	Santa Fe, NM	Sch Amer Res				In this chapter, I use data from contemporary hunter-gatherers to argue that human life history fits a general mammalian pattern and needs little "special pleading. " Among hunter-gatherers, first birth occurs at the age we should predict for a great ape with a hunter-gatherer adult lifespan, so our long juvenile period needs no unique explanation. Archaeological demography, however, has suggested much higher adult mortality. I exclude modern influences on hunter-gatherer adult mortality and summarize problems in archaeological demography. Hunter-gatherer adult mortality resembles mortality in the rural third world and in historical pre-industrial populations. Because of the many accounts of special features of human growth (such as the adolescent spurt), 1 was surprised to find that Charnov's growth function (an essential piece of his general mammalian life history theory) accounted for most of the variance in Hadza growth between weaning and maturity. Hunter-gatherers and great apes (except gorillas) grow at the same rate. Young foragers have much to learn, but they seem able to learn it even when deprived of big stretches of their juvenile bush experience. Learning does not come to a halt when reproduction begins. We cannot argue that the human juvenile period is long because so much needs to be learned before reproduction. Effects of grandmothers on younger kin (demonstrated in sedentary populations) could account for elongated adult life. Older Hadza women (but not men) live where their help to younger kin (if effective) would most enhance their own fitness. The opportunistic mobility of older Hadza women may make their demographic effects difficult to see.	Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA								0	10	10	0	11	SCHOOL AMERICAN RESEARCH PRESS	SANTA FE	PO BOX 2188, SANTA FE, NM 87504-2188 USA			1-930618-72-7	SCH AM RES			2006							231	266						36	Anthropology	Anthropology	BFB60	WOS:000240856000008					2018-11-12	
J	Gurven, M; Kaplan, H				Gurven, Michael; Kaplan, Hillard			Determinants of time allocation across the lifespan - A theoretical model and an application to the Machiguenga and Piro of Peru	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						behavioral ecology; family; hunter-gatherers; life history theory; time allocation	OKAVANGO DELTA PEOPLES; EASTERN PARAGUAY; LIMITED NEEDS; WEALTH FLOWS; EVOLUTION; FERTILITY; INTELLIGENCE; LONGEVITY; BOTSWANA; CHILDREN	This paper lays the groundwork for a theory of time allocation across the life course, based on the idea that strength and skill vary as a function of age, and that return rates for different activities vary as a function of the combination of strength and skills involved in performing those tasks. We apply the model to traditional human subsistence patterns. The model predicts that young children engage most heavily in low-strength/low-skill activities, middle-aged adults in high-strength/high-skill activities, and older adults in low-strength/high-skill activities. Tests among Machiguenga and Piro forager-horticulturalists of southeastern Peru show that males and females focus on low-strength/low-skill tasks early in life (domestic tasks and several forms of fishing), switch to higher-strength/higher-skill activities in their twenties and thirties (hunting, fishing, and gardening for males; fishing and gardening for females), and shift focus to high-skill activities late in life (manufacture/repair, food processing).	Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Gurven, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	gurven@anth.ucsb.edu; hkaplan@umn.edu	Henrich, Joseph/A-2403-2009	Kaplan, Hillard/0000-0002-7398-7358; Gurven, Michael/0000-0002-5661-527X			ALVARD MS, 1993, THESIS U NEW MEXICO; BAKSH M, 1984, THESIS U CALIFORNIA; BECKER G., 1991, TREATISE FAMILY; Bird DW, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P269, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1010-9; Bird R, 1999, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V8, P65, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1999)8:2<65::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-3; Bird RB, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P239, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1009-2; Blurton Jones N. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tiefenthaler J, 1997, POPUL DEV REV, V23, P377, DOI 10.2307/2137550; Tooby J., 1987, P183; TURKE PW, 1991, POPUL DEV REV, V17, P687, DOI 10.2307/1973602; TURKE PW, 1991, POPUL DEV REV, V17, P756; TURKE PW, 1991, POPUL DEV REV, V17, P758; Van den Berghe Pierre L, 1979, HUMAN FAMILY SYSTEMS; Walker R, 2002, J HUM EVOL, V42, P639, DOI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0541; WINTERHALDER B, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P73, DOI 10.1086/284119	70	56	56	0	7	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	1045-6767	1936-4776		HUM NATURE-INT BIOS	Hum. Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.		2006	17	1					1	49		10.1007/s12110-006-1019-6				49	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	041KE	WOS:000237454300003	26181344				2018-11-12	
J	Berner, D; Blanckenhorn, WU				Berner, D; Blanckenhorn, WU			Grasshopper ontogeny in relation to time constraints: adaptive divergence and stasis	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						body size; development time; intrinsic growth rate; Omocestus viridulus; trade-off	SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; LIFE-HISTORY ADAPTATION; BODY-SIZE; CHORTHIPPUS-BRUNNEUS; FIELD CRICKET; TRADE-OFFS; SEASONAL ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; DEGEER ORTHOPTERA	1. Life history theory generally predicts a trade-off between short juvenile development and large adult size, assuming invariant growth rates within species. This pivotal assumption has been explicitly tested in few organisms. 2. We studied ontogeny in 13 populations of Omocestus viridulus grasshoppers under common garden conditions. High-altitude populations, facing short growing seasons and thus seasonal time constraints, were found to grow at a similar rate to low altitude conspecifics. 3. Instead, high-altitude grasshoppers evolved faster development, and the correlated change in body size led to an altitudinal size cline mediating a trade-off with female fecundity. 4. An additional juvenile stage occurred in low- but not high-altitude females. This difference is probably due to the evolution of lowered critical size thresholds in high-altitude grasshoppers to accelerate development. 5. We found a strikingly lower growth rate in males than females that we interpret as the outcome of concurrent selection for protandry and small male size. 6. Within populations, large individuals developed faster than small individuals, suggesting within-population genetic variation in growth rates. 7. We provide evidence that different time constraints (seasonal, protandry selection) can lead to different evolutionary responses in intrinsic growth, and that correlations among ontogenetic traits within populations cannot generally be used to predict life history adaptation among populations. Moreover, our study illustrates that comparisons of ontogenetic patterns can shed light on the developmental basis underlying phenotypic evolution.	Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Univ Zurich, Zool Museum, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Berner, D (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.	daniel.berner@fal.admin.ch	Berner, Daniel/C-3461-2014				Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Amundson Ron, 2001, P303, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511609084.011; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Armbruster WS, 1996, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V9, P261, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9030261.x; Atkinson D, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P235, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01058-6; AYRES MP, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P465, DOI 10.2307/2937146; Begin M, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2287; BEGON M, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P361, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00516.x; BELLINGER RG, 1987, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V16, P120, DOI 10.1093/ee/16.1.120; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; Berner D, 2004, ECOGRAPHY, V27, P733, DOI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04012.x; BERVEN KA, 1983, AM ZOOL, V23, P85; Blanckenhorn WU, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1394, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02021.x; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1995, EVOL ECOL, V9, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF01237760; Blanckenhorn WU, 2004, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V44, P413, DOI 10.1093/icb/44.6.413; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1995, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V8, P21, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8010021.x; Bradshaw W, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1176, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02358.x; Brakefield PM, 2003, ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S, V34, P633, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132425; Cherrill A, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P521, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00444.x; D'Amico LJ, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1589, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1698; Davidowitz G, 2003, EVOL DEV, V5, P188, DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03026.x; Del Castillo RC, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05346.x; DINGLE H, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V84, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF00318272; FAIRBAIRN DJ, 1990, AM NAT, V136, P61, DOI 10.1086/285082; Fischer K, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P210, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00280.x; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; GUNNARSSON B, 1990, OIKOS, V59, P205, DOI 10.2307/3545536; Higgins LE, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P573, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03869.x; HONEK A, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P483, DOI 10.2307/3544943; HOULE D, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P630, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04334.x; INGRISCH S, 1998, HEURSCHRECKEN MITTEL; Klingenberg CP, 1997, ECOL ENTOMOL, V22, P55, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00031.x; KLINGENBERG CP, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P1834, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01273.x; Laugen AT, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P996, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00560.x; Lounibos LP, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P309, DOI 10.2307/3546070; MASAKI S, 1967, EVOLUTION, V21, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1967.tb03430.x; Morbey YE, 2001, ECOL LETT, V4, P663, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00265.x; MOUSSEAU TA, 1991, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V36, P511, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.002455; Mousseau TA, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P630, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02453.x; MOUSSEAU TA, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P1483, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02598.x; NIJHOUT HF, 1981, AM ZOOL, V21, P631; NYLIN S, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1414, DOI 10.2307/1940071; NYLIN S, 1994, SERIES ENTOM, V52, P41; Orr MR, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P704, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03880.x; PARK O, 1949, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V22, P359, DOI 10.1086/physzool.22.4.30152061; PARKER GA, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P573, DOI 10.1086/284589; Peters R.H., 1983, P1; Phelan JP, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P527; Prasad NG, 2000, GENET RES, V76, P249, DOI 10.1017/S0016672300004754; Reiss M. 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Anim. Ecol.	JAN	2006	75	1					130	139		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01028.x				10	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	008MB	WOS:000235043700013	16903050	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Kolm, N; Goodwin, NB; Balshine, S; Reynolds, JD				Kolm, N; Goodwin, NB; Balshine, S; Reynolds, JD			Life history evolution in cichlids 2: directional evolution of the trade-off between egg number and egg size	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						clutch size; correlated evolution; discrete; life history; phylogeny	CLUTCH SIZE; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; OFFSPRING SIZE; PARENTAL CARE; PHYLOGENIES; FISHES; TRAITS; SELECTION	The negative relationship between offspring number and offspring size provides a classic example of the role of trade-offs in life history theory. However, the evolutionary transitions in egg size and clutch size that have produced this negative relationship are still largely unknown. Since body size may affect both of these traits, it would be helpful to understand how evolutionary changes in body size may have facilitated or constrained shifts in clutch and egg size. By using comparative methods with a database of life histories and a phylogeny of 222 genera of cichlid fishes, we investigated the order of evolutionary transitions in these traits in relation to each other. We found that the ancestral large-bodied cichlids first increased egg size, followed by a decrease in both body size and clutch size resulting in the common current combination of a small-bodied cichlid with a small clutch of large eggs. Furthermore, lineages that deviated from the negative relationship between clutch and egg size underwent different transitions in these traits according to their body size (large bodied genera have moved towards the large clutch/small egg end of the continuum and small bodied genera towards the small clutch/large egg end of the continuum) to reach the negative relationship between clutch size and egg size. Our results show that body size is highly important in shaping the negative relationship between clutch size and egg size.	Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Norwich, Norfolk, England; McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol, Anim Behav Grp, Hamilton, ON, Canada	Kolm, N (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolut Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.	n.kolm@ed.ac.uk	Reynolds, John/L-6345-2015	Reynolds, John/0000-0002-0459-0074; Kolm, Niclas/0000-0001-5791-336X			AXELROD HR, 1988, AFRICAN CICHLIDS LAK; BAGENAL TB, 1966, BIOL BASIS FRESHWATE, P89; Barlow G.W., 1991, P173; Barlow GW, 2000, CICHLID FISHES NATUR; Bennett P. M., 2002, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BLACKBURN TM, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P65, DOI 10.2307/2389556; Blaxter J. H. 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JAN	2006	19	1					76	84		10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00987				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	001NM	WOS:000234543600009	16405579				2018-11-12	
J	Gilboa, S; Nonacs, P				Gilboa, S; Nonacs, P			Testing models of parental investment strategy and offspring size in ants	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						dynamic parental investment; skew; kurtosis; variance; Formica; Pogonomyrmex	WESTERN HARVESTER ANT; POGONOMYRMEX-OCCIDENTALIS; SEXUAL SELECTION; COLONY FITNESS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; CONFLICT; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; DENSITY	Parental investment strategies can be fixed or flexible. A fixed strategy predicts making all offspring a single 'optimal' size. Dynamic models predict flexible strategies with more than one optimal size of offspring. Patterns in the distribution of offspring sizes may thus reveal the investment strategy. Static strategies should produce normal distributions. Dynamic strategies should often result in non-normal distributions. Furthermore, variance in morphological traits should be positively correlated with the length of developmental time the traits are exposed to environmental influences. Finally, the type of deviation from normality (i.e., skewed left or right, or platykurtic) should be correlated with the average offspring size. To test the latter prediction, we used simulations to detect significant departures from normality and categorize distribution types. Data from three species of ants strongly support the predicted patterns for dynamic parental investment. Offspring size distributions are often significantly non-normal. Traits fixed earlier in development, such as head width, are less variable than final body weight. The type of distribution observed correlates with mean female dry weight. The overall support for a dynamic parental investment model has implications for life history theory. Predicted conflicts over parental effort, sex investment ratios, and reproductive skew in cooperative breeders follow from assumptions of static parental investment strategies and omnipresent resource limitations. By contrast, with flexible investment strategies such conflicts can be either absent or maladaptive.	Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA	Nonacs, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.	smadarg@biology.ucla.edu; pnonacs@biology.ucla.edu	Nonacs, Peter/A-3159-2008				Abell AJ, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P535, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03788.x; BACKUS VL, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V30, P425; BARTZ SH, 1982, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF00300174; Beekman M, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P277, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00068-5; BRIAN MV, 1979, SOCIAL INSECTS, V1, P122; Buschinger A., 1990, P37; DAVIDSON DW, 1982, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V10, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF00302813; Forbes LS, 1996, ECOSCIENCE, V3, P45, DOI 10.1080/11956860.1996.11682314; Forbes LS, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P146, DOI 10.2307/3546800; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; FRANKLIN JF, 1973, PNW8 USDA FOR SERV; Hahn DA, 2004, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V77, P100, DOI 10.1086/380214; Johnson RA, 1998, INSECT SOC, V45, P255, DOI 10.1007/s000400050086; Johnson RA, 2000, SOCIOBIOLOGY, V36, P89; Mehdiabadi NJ, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P88, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00056-3; MOCK DW, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89014-X; MOCK DW, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P409, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90022-4; NONACS P, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P199, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05731.x; NONACS P, 1986, Q REV BIOL, V61, P1, DOI 10.1086/414723; NONACS P, 1992, INSECT SOC, V39, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF01240527; NONACS P, 1990, Psyche (Cambridge), V97, P217, DOI 10.1155/1990/21379; NONACS P, 1991, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V37, P891, DOI 10.1016/0022-1910(91)90004-J; Nonacs P, 2001, ANN ZOOL FENN, V38, P239; PASSERA L, 1990, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V160, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF00300955; PORTER SD, 1983, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V76, P866, DOI 10.1093/aesa/76.5.866; Rissing S.W., 1988, P179; Rosenheim JA, 1996, AM NAT, V148, P501, DOI 10.1086/285937; Royle NJ, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P434, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02565-X; RUST RW, 1988, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V61, P492; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; TRIVERS RL, 1974, AM ZOOL, V14, P249; TSCHINKEL WR, 1992, ECOL ENTOMOL, V17, P179, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01176.x; Wagner D, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V119, P175, DOI 10.1007/s004420050774; WHEELER DE, 1995, J INSECT PHYSL, V41, P85; Wheeler G. C., 1986, THE ANTS OF NEVADA; Wiernasz DC, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P2179; WIERNASZ DC, 1995, J INSECT BEHAV, V8, P523, DOI 10.1007/BF01995324; Wiernasz DC, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P324; Wilson EO, 1990, ANTS	40	7	7	0	13	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0029-8549			OECOLOGIA	Oecologia	JAN	2006	146	4					667	674		10.1007/s00442-005-0139-8				8	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	995ZX	WOS:000234145300019	16249898				2018-11-12	
S	Bornhofen, S; Lattaud, C		Runarsson, TP; Beyer, HG; Burke, E; MereloGuervos, JJ; Whitley, LD; Yao, X		Bornhofen, Stefan; Lattaud, Claude			Life history evolution of virtual plants: Trading off between growth and reproduction	PARALLEL PROBLEM SOLVING FROM NATURE - PPSN IX, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Article; Proceedings Paper	9th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN IX)	SEP 09-13, 2006	Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, ICELAND	Univ Iceland, Fac Engn, Univ Iceland, Sci Inst	Univ Iceland		NATURAL-SELECTION; MODELS; SIZE	This paper presents studies on the life history evolution of plants carried out by experimenting with a multi-agent platform of generic virtual plants. The conducted simulations address the trade-off between resource allocation to vegetative and reproductive structures. The trade-off is pointed out by evolutionary runs selecting for one of the two traits. It is further shown that the introduction of an age at maturity is an effective measure to enhance both life history traits. A third series of experiments highlights that competition in plant communities has an impact on the trade-off. Depending on the competitive pressure, plants evolve more investment of resources into growth than into reproduction. The results corroborate some hypotheses of life history theory.	Univ Paris 05, LIAP5, CRIP5, F-75006 Paris, France	Bornhofen, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, LIAP5, CRIP5, 45 Rue St Peres, F-75006 Paris, France.						Begon M., 1990, ECOLOGY INDIVIDUALS; CODY ML, 1966, EVOLUTION, V20, P174, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1966.tb03353.x; DANA MN, 2002, PURDUE U COOPERATIVE; Ferber J., 1995, SYSTEMES MULTIAGENTS; Goldberg D. E, 1989, GENETIC ALGORITHMS S; HARPER JL, 1967, J ECOL, V55, P247, DOI 10.2307/2257876; HIRSHFIELD MF, 1975, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V72, P2227, DOI 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2227; Holland J., 1975, ADAPTATION NATURAL A; KURTH W, 1994, ECOL MODEL, V75, P299, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)90027-2; Landsberg J. J., 1997, APPL PHYSL ECOLOGY F; Le Roux X, 2001, ANN FOR SCI, V58, P469, DOI 10.1051/forest:2001140; Lewontin R.C., 1965, GENETICS COLONIZING, P79; NIKLAS KJ, 1986, SCI AM, V254, P78, DOI 10.1038/scientificamerican0386-78; PRUSINKIEWICZ P, 1990, ALGORITHMIC BEAUTY P; Roff Derek A., 1992; Room PM, 1996, TRENDS PLANT SCI, V1, P33, DOI 10.1016/S1360-1385(96)80021-5; SAMSON DA, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P667, DOI 10.1086/284512; Stearns SC, 2000, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V87, P476, DOI 10.1007/s001140050763; Stearns SC., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HISTO; Thompson K., 2005, ECOLOGY SEEDS; THORNLEY JH, 1972, ANN BOT-LONDON, V36, P431, DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084602; Thornley JHM, 1998, ANN BOT-LONDON, V81, P165, DOI 10.1006/anbo.1997.0529; ULAM S, 1962, P S APPL MATH, V14, P215, DOI DOI 10.1090/PSAPM/014/9947; Westoby M, 2002, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V33, P125, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150452; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461	25	3	4	1	8	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		3-540-38990-3	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2006	4193						808	817						10	Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BFE29	WOS:000241446400082					2018-11-12	
J	Reyer, J				Reyer, Juergen			Evolutionary Attachment Theory - A new type of integrative socialization research	ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT			German	Article						attachment research; reproductive strategy; life history theory; mating; parental investment; behavioral genetics; evolutionary development psychology	INFANT ATTACHMENT; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SECURITY; PERSPECTIVE; METAANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY; CULTURE; BIOLOGY; LIFE; TWIN	The evolutionary roots of modern attachment theory are well known. But for decades this theoretical background was given little attention in attachment research. In the 1990s a new paradigm of evolutionary thinking about ontogenetic development came to life, The three main patterns of attachment (insecurity-avoidant, security, insecurity-ambivalent) are now considered to be not only results of early childhood experiences, but also of processes of evolutionary adaptation. Within the reference frame of life history theory, attachment is now understood to be a preliminary stage of reproductive strategy. As for socialization and education theory in Germany, the conclusion has to be drawn that cultural transmission is not only influenced by mechanisms of socialization and educational efforts, but also by this distant evolutionary echo. The term 'biological and cultural transmission of culture' has become common in English-language handbooks concerning cross-cultural and evolutionary psychology. It may be time to create an equivalent term in German handbooks of socialization and education theory.	Univ Erfurt, Erziehungswissensch Fak, D-99089 Erfurt, Germany	Reyer, J (reprint author), Univ Erfurt, Erziehungswissensch Fak, Nordhauser Str 63, D-99089 Erfurt, Germany.	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Erziehwiss.		2006	9	5		S			133	152						20	Education & Educational Research	Education & Educational Research	140XE	WOS:000244539300010					2018-11-12	
J	Polishchuk, LV; Vijverberg, J				Polishchuk, LV; Vijverberg, J			Body mass dynamics of Daphnia in the context of life history theory: an approach based on contribution analysis	ZHURNAL OBSHCHEI BIOLOGII			Russian	Article							TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; FOOD LIMITATION; ENERGY ALLOCATION; MATERNAL SIZE; ALPINE LAKE; BIRTH-RATE; GALEATA; REPRODUCTION; MAGNA; GROWTH	In this paper, we elaborate on the method of contribution analysis in relation to body mass dynamics which has been proposed recently (Polishchuk, Vijverberg, 2005. Oecologia. V. 144. P. 268-277). We suggest that contribution analysis as applied to body mass dynamics makes a bridge between production-energetic approach and life history theory. Production is conventionally divided into somatic and reproductive components, and our approach shows how to estimate the role (i.e. contributions) of these components in body mass dynamics. The pattern of contributions is further interpreted in terms of life history. The approach is applied to study body mass dynamics of the cladoceran Daphnia galeata in response to improving trophic conditions. The performance of the method is found to depend on the resolution of food concentrations, that is. on how many food concentrations are examined and how far they re spaced on the food concentration axis. When resolution is fine, a shift in resource allocation priorities is detected - from somatic component attracting more resources under harsh food conditions to reproduction attracting more resources under favorable conditions. However, when resolution is poor this pattern remains hidden. In that case, we observe roughly equal contributions of somatic and reproductive components to body mass dynamics.	Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Gen Ecol, Moscow 119992, Russia; Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Food Web Studies, NIOO, KNAW,Ctr Limnol, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands	Polishchuk, LV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Gen Ecol, Moscow 119992, Russia.	leonard_polishchuk@hotmail.com	Polishchuk, Leonard/I-9342-2012				Achenbach L, 1997, OIKOS, V79, P469, DOI 10.2307/3546889; Alimov A. 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J	Wilkinson, LR; Gibbons, JW				Wilkinson, LR; Gibbons, JW			Patterns of reproductive allocation: Clutch and egg size variation in three freshwater turtles	COPEIA			English	Article							HATCHLING SNAPPING TURTLES; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA BELLII; MATERNAL BODY-SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; MUD TURTLE; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; PROPAGULE SIZE	Understanding the mechanisms and patterns of how energy is allocated into the reproductive components of offspring size and number is central to life-history theory. We used X-ray photographs from a long-term mark recapture study of Kinosternon subrubrum, Sternotherus odoratus, and Pseudemys floridana to investigate hypotheses concerning variation in reproductive allocation due to constraint on egg size, within-female variability (within and among clutches), interannual environmental variation, multiple annual clutches, allocation of continuous resources into small integer numbers of offspring (fractional offspring-size problem), and age. Patterns of reproductive allocation varied markedly within and among species. Overall, egg size varied as a function of maternal body size and age, intra-annual clutch frequency, the fractional offspring-size problem, and environmental variation. Clutch size varied with maternal body size, clutch frequency, and environmental variation. We examine how effectively the data support optimal-egg-size and phenotypic-plasticity models of reproductive allocation, and identify limitations of fundamental biological findings necessary to address the issues.	Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA	Wilkinson, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA.	lwilkinson@srel.edu					Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; BROCKELMAN WY, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P677, DOI 10.1086/283037; CAGLE FRED R., 1939, COPEIA, V1939, P170, DOI 10.2307/1436818; Caldwell D. 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J	Mangel, M; Munch, SB				Mangel, M; Munch, SB			A life-history perspective on short- and long-term consequences of compensatory growth	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Review						compensatory growth; catch-up growth; life-history theory; metabolic damage; dynamic programming; acquisition	MITOCHONDRIAL OXIDATIVE STRESS; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; CATCH-UP GROWTH; ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; FREE-RADICAL THEORY; CALORIC RESTRICTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; RAINBOW-TROUT	Compensatory or catch-up growth (CG) is widely observed following periods of resource deprivation. Because of this commonness, it is generally assumed that compensatory growth is adaptive, but most theory to date has explicitly ignored considerations of fitness. Following a period of deprivation, when resources become plentiful again, individuals may not respond at all and continue on a "normal" trajectory from a smaller size at age, may exhibit faster-than-normal growth immediately following the end of the period, or may adopt a growth strategy that involves faster-than-normal growth at some later time. Compensating individuals may also overtake control individuals who have been growing normally throughout. We hypothesize that the key to understanding CG is that growth leads to the accumulation of damage at the cellular level that is expressed (and thus must be modeled) at the level of the organism. We show that a life-history model incorporating the mortality consequences of both size and damage provides a framework for understanding compensatory growth. We use the theory to classify physiological and life-history characteristics for which CG is predicted to be the optimal response to deprivation.	Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA	Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.	msmangel@ucsc.edu; zasummen@aol.com					Abrams PA, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P1055, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04433.x; Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; AGARWAL S, 1996, EXP GERONTOL, V31, P387; Aguilera A, 2002, EMBO J, V21, P195, DOI 10.1093/emboj/21.3.195; ALBON SD, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P69, DOI 10.2307/4800; Ali M, 2003, FISH FISH, V4, P147, DOI 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00120.x; Ali M, 2001, J FISH BIOL, V58, P1531, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1555; AMES BN, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P7915, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915; Arendt J, 2001, OIKOS, V93, P95, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930110.x; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Arendt JD, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P351, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-57-2-351; Arendt JD, 2000, J EXP ZOOL, V288, P219, DOI 10.1002/1097-010X(20001015)288:3<219::AID-JEZ3>3.3.CO;2-3; Arking R, 2000, EXP GERONTOL, V35, P353, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00096-6; Ashok BT, 1999, EXP GERONTOL, V34, P293, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(99)00005-4; Aviv A, 2003, MECH AGEING DEV, V124, P829, DOI 10.1016/S0047-6374(03)00143-X; Barker D. 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Nat.	DEC	2005	166	6					E155	E176		10.1086/444439				22	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	988FF	WOS:000233576600002	16475079				2018-11-12	
J	Heibo, E; Magnhagen, C; Vollestad, LA				Heibo, E; Magnhagen, C; Vollestad, LA			Latitudinal variation in life-history traits in Eurasian perch	ECOLOGY			English	Article						latitudinal cline; life-history variation; trade-offs; Perca fluviatilis L.; perch	SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; BERGMANNS RULE; YELLOW PERCH; BODY-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; FLUVIATILIS L; GROWTH-RATE; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; FISHES	Few studies have examined multiple life-history traits across a latitudinal gradient to test whether variation in growth rate and mortality schedules induces trends predicted by life-history theory. We collected data for the following life-history traits for 75 Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) Populations: growth coefficient (K) and asymptotic body length (L-infinity) from the von Bertalanffy growth model, size at ages one and two years, specific juvenile growth rate, instantaneous adult and juvenile mortality rates, life span, age and length at maturity, and reproductive life span and investment. All life-history traits except L-infinity were significantly correlated with latitude. In general, growth rates, mortality rates, and reproductive investment decreased with latitude, whereas age at maturity, size at maturity, and life span increased with latitude. Populations could be grouped into two categories based on variation in L-infinity: stunted (small sized) vs. piscivorous (large sized). Four trait-latitude relationships differed between these two types: the growth coefficient (K) and the juvenile growth rate were larger, and age and length at maturity were lower in the stunted populations compared with piscivorous populations. Perch from southern populations tend to grow fast and experience high juvenile and adult mortality rates. As predicted from life-history theory, this selects for an early age and small size at maturity and relatively large investment in reproduction. The opposite pattern was found for northern populations.	Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquaculture, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden; Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway	Heibo, E (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquaculture, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden.	erik.heibo@vabr.slu.se		Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn/0000-0002-9389-7982			ALM G, 1946, MEDD STATENS UNDERSO, V25, P1; ALM GUNNAR, 1952, REPT INST FRESHWATER RES DROTTNINGHOLM, V33, P17; ALM GUNNAR, 1959, REPT INST FRESHWATER RES DROTTNINGHOLM, V40, P5; Angilletta MJ, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P332; Ashton KG, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P390, DOI 10.1086/303400; Ashton KG, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1151, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00324.x; Ashton KG, 2002, GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR, V11, P505, DOI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00313.x; Bagenal T. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; ROFF DA, 1984, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V41, P989, DOI 10.1139/f84-114; Roff Derek A., 1992; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P291, DOI 10.2307/1935217; Stearns S.C., 1984, P13; SUMARI O, 1971, Annales Zoologici Fennici, V8, P406; Taborsky B, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P713, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2255; Thorpe J., 1977, FAO FISHERIES SYNOPS, V113; TREASURER JW, 1981, J FISH BIOL, V18, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1981.tb03778.x; TREASURER JW, 1981, J FISH BIOL, V18, P729, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1981.tb03814.x; TRIPPEL EA, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P1446, DOI 10.1139/f91-172; VOLLESTAD LA, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P41, DOI 10.2307/5507; VOLODIN VM, 1979, J ICHTHYOLOGY, V19, P85; WINEMILLER KO, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P2196, DOI 10.1139/f92-242; Ylikarjula J, 1999, EVOL ECOL, V13, P433, DOI 10.1023/A:1006755702230	66	90	93	1	58	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0012-9658	1939-9170		ECOLOGY	Ecology	DEC	2005	86	12					3377	3386		10.1890/04-1620				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	994YI	WOS:000234066700029					2018-11-12	
J	Charnov, EL				Charnov, EL			Reproductive effort is inversely proportional to average adult life span	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						allometry; life history; optimization; trade-offs; Williams' hypothesis	TRADE-OFF; HISTORIES; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; FISHES; COST	Background: Forty years ago, G.C. Williams predicted that reproductive effort should be inversely related to the average adult life span across species. Aim: Use allometric life-history theory to refine that prediction. Result: Reproductive effort should be inversely proportional to average adult life span, a -1 scaling rule.	Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA	Charnov, EL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	rlc@unm.edu					Charnov EL, 1997, NATURE, V387, P393, DOI 10.1038/387393a0; Charnov EL, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P749; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Gunderson DR, 1997, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V54, P990, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-54-5-990; Lester NP, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1625, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2778; Roff Derek A., 1992; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461	10	19	19	0	8	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613	1937-3791		EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	DEC	2005	7	8					1221	1222						2	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	001PX	WOS:000234549900011					2018-11-12	
J	Figueredo, AJ; Vasquez, G; Brumbach, BH; Sefcek, JA; Kirsner, BR; Jacobs, WJ				Figueredo, AJ; Vasquez, G; Brumbach, BH; Sefcek, JA; Kirsner, BR; Jacobs, WJ			The K-factor: Individual differences in life history strategy	PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES			English	Article						personality; life history theory; reproductive strategy; frequency-dependent selection; evolutionary psychology	R/K REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; R-SELECTION; 5-FACTOR MODEL; PERSONALITY; CHILDHOOD; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; SOCIOBIOLOGY; LONGEVITY; RACE	Until recently, variations in life history strategy were studied exclusively at the species level. Although this domain of study has been extended to examine systematic differences in life history strategy among various human ethnic groupings, more recent evolutionary theories of human development and related behavioral genetic work imply substantial within-group individual variation in life history strategy. We constructed a latent variable model identifying a single common factor, denoted as K, which underlies a variety of otherwise disparate life history parameters. This "K-Factor" loaded 0.36 on childhood attachment to the biological father, -0.36 on childhood attachment to any non-biological father figure, 0.38 on adult romantic partner attachment, -0.51 on mating effort, -0.58 on Machiavellianism, and -0.41 on risk propensity. The bivariate correlations of the K-factor with higher-order personality factors were statistically significant, -0.24 with "Big Neuroticism" and -0.67 with "Big Psychoticism", and approached significance, correlating 0.12, with "Big Extraversion". The K-factor appears to be an underappreciated individual difference variable of major importance to human development. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	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Individ. Differ.	DEC	2005	39	8					1349	1360		10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009				12	Psychology, Social	Psychology	985ZH	WOS:000233417200002					2018-11-12	
J	Miller, LK; Brooks, R				Miller, LK; Brooks, R			The effects of genotype, age, and social environment on male ornamentation, mating behavior, and attractiveness	EVOLUTION			English	Article						aging; genetic quality; genotype-environment interaction; life-history theory; reproductive effort; sexual advertisement; sexual selection	GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; MALE FIELD CRICKETS; DEPENDENT SEXUAL ADVERTISEMENT; MATE CHOICE; GOOD GENES; NATURAL-SELECTION; COLOR PATTERNS; FEMALE CHOICE; OLDER MALES; LEK PARADOX	The traits thought to advertise genetic quality are often highly susceptible to environmental variation and prone to change with age. These factors may either undermine or reinforce the potential for advertisement traits to signal quality depending on the magnitude of age-dependent expression, environmental variation, and genotype-age and genotype-environment interaction. Measurements of the magnitude of these effects are thus a necessary step toward assessing the implications of age dependence and environmental variability for the evolution of signals of quality. We conducted a longitudinal study of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from 22 full-sibling families. Each fish was assigned at maturity to one of three treatments in order to manipulate his allocation of resources to reproduction: a control in which the male was kept alone, a courtship-only treatment in which he could see and court a female across a clear partition, and a mating treatment in which he interacted freely with a female. We measured each male's size, ornamental color patterns, courtship, attractiveness to females, and mating success at three ages. Size was influenced by treatment and age-treatment interactions, indicating that courtship and mating may impose costs on growth. Tail size and color patterns were influenced by age but not by treatment, suggesting fixed age-dependent trajectories in these advertisement traits. By contrast, display rate and attempted sneak copulation rate differed among treatments but not among ages, suggesting greater plasticity of these behavioral traits. As a result of the different patterns of variation in ornamentation and behavior, male attractiveness and mating success responded to male age, treatment, and the interaction between age and treatment. Neither age nor treatment obscured the presence of genetic variation, and the genetic relationship between male ornamentation and attractiveness remained the same among treatments. Our findings suggest that neither age-dependent variation nor environmentally induced variation in reproductive effort is likely to undermine the reliability of male signaling.	Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia	Brooks, R (reprint author), Australian Museum, 6 Coll St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.	rob.brooks@unsw.edu.au	Brooks, Robert/A-1251-2008	Brooks, Robert/0000-0001-6926-0781			ANDERSSON M, 1982, BIOL J LINN SOC, V17, P375, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1982.tb02028.x; Badyaev AV, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P1065, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00628.x; BAERENDS G. 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J	Beauplet, G; Barbraud, C; Chambellant, M; Guinet, C				Beauplet, G; Barbraud, C; Chambellant, M; Guinet, C			Interannual variation in the post-weaning and juvenile survival of subantarctic fur seals: influence of pup sex, growth rate and oceanographic conditions	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						early development; multistate mark-recapture models; post-lactating survival; sea surface temperature anomalies; temporary emigration	SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; RED DEER; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TROPICALIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMSTERDAM ISLAND; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; BREEDING SUCCESS; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL	1. A major hypothesis of life history theory is that early development conditions affect future survival and reproductive success. However, although a growing number of studies have addressed this question, many of them are taxonomically biased, thereby impeding the generalization of this hypothesis. 2. This study examines the factors influencing post-weaning survival in five weaned cohorts of subantarctic fur seal pups from Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean. It used mark-recapture data from 7 consecutive years of different environmental conditions. 3. The cohort return rate varied from 45% to 74% of weaned pups, depending on the year of weaning. In each cohort, 96% of weaned pups returned between 3 and 6 years of age, and none of the factors examined seemed to influence this timing pattern. The probability of survival to this first return was negatively related to sea-surface temperature anomalies (SSTa) of the 6 months following the weaning process. It increased with pup preweaning growth rate and differed between the sexes. Females' survival rate was significantly higher than males', except during years of extreme SSTa, where no difference was detected. 4. The juvenile state represented young individuals after their first return on their native island. Annual juvenile tag loss rate was constant at 0.217 (SE = 0.027), whereas temporary emigration rate varied over cohorts and was higher in males 0.423 (SE = 0.035) than in females 0.170 (SE = 0.012). This dispersion pattern may be prolonged in some cases, as the yearly immigration probability was constant at 0.290 (SE = 0.065). 5. Taking into account tag loss and temporary emigration, the estimated yearly survival probability of juveniles was 0.964 (SE = 0.022). This value was unrelated to any tested oceanographic or individual parameter including sex. 6. Results support the hypothesis that early development traits affect short-term post-weaning survival. However, no long-term effect of maternal postnatal investment was detected after the first return to the native island. Results also indicate that the effect of early development traits on survival interacts with environmental conditions encountered shortly after independence of individuals.	CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France	Beauplet, G (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France.	ufuf@cebc.cnrs.fr	Barbraud, Christophe/A-5870-2012				Anderson DR, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P261; ARNASON A N, 1973, Researches on Population Ecology (Tokyo), V15, P1; ARNASON AN, 1981, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V38, P1077, DOI 10.1139/f81-148; BAKER JD, 1992, J ZOOL, V227, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04819.x; Ballachey BE, 2003, CAN J ZOOL, V81, P1494, DOI 10.1139/Z03-121; Beauplet G, 2004, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V273, P211, DOI 10.3354/meps273211; Beauplet G, 2003, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V76, P262, DOI 10.1086/367951; BLIX AS, 1979, AM J PHYSIOL, V236, pR188; Boltnev AI, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P843, DOI 10.1139/cjz-76-5-843; Boulinier T, 1996, J AVIAN BIOL, V27, P252, DOI 10.2307/3677230; Boulinier T, 1997, EVOL ECOL, V11, P505, DOI 10.1007/s10682-997-1507-0; Bowen W.D., 1991, P66; Boyd IL, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P845, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-4-845; Bradshaw CJA, 2003, J MAMMAL, V84, P65, DOI 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0065:ESACPO>2.0.CO;2; BRYDEN MM, 1968, NATURE, V220, P597, DOI 10.1038/220597a0; BRYDEN MM, 1964, NATURE, V203, P1299, DOI 10.1038/2031299a0; Burnham K. 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R., 1981, BIOMETRY; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stewart BS, 1997, J MAMMAL, V78, P1101, DOI 10.2307/1383053; Trillmich Fritz, 1996, Advances in the Study of Behavior, V25, P533; TRITES AW, 1989, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V46, P1428, DOI 10.1139/f89-182; WEIMERSKIRCH H, 1987, OIKOS, V49, P315, DOI 10.2307/3565767; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; Wickens P, 1997, MAR MAMMAL SCI, V13, P241, DOI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00631.x	83	63	63	0	17	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0021-8790	1365-2656		J ANIM ECOL	J. Anim. Ecol.	NOV	2005	74	6					1160	1172		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01016.x				13	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	980DW	WOS:000232995200017		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Brown, GP; Shine, R				Brown, GP; Shine, R			Female phenotype, life history, and reproductive success in free-ranging snakes (Tropidonophis mairii)	ECOLOGY			English	Article						Australia; colubrid snake; fitness; incubation; keelback snake; life history; offspring size; phenotype; reproductive success; reptile; selection; Tropidonophis mairii	NATURAL-SELECTION; OFFSPRING SIZE; INCUBATION ENVIRONMENTS; HATCHLING PHENOTYPES; VIVIPAROUS SNAKE; UTA-STANSBURIANA; LACERTA-AGILIS; PATH-ANALYSIS; SAND LIZARD; CLUTCH MASS	Life-history theory posits causal links from an organism's phenotype (e.g., its body size and condition) to its reproductive output (e.g., offspring size and number) and thence to its microevolutionary fitness. However, few empirical data are available to quantify such links, especially for tropical organisms. Oviposition by field-caught keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii, Colubridae) in tropical Australia yielded data on clutches from 318 adult females (3151 eggs) over three years, and mark-recapture studies (1804 nights surveyed) quantified survival rates of neonates from those laboratory-incubated clutches. Path analysis revealed strong links between maternal phenotype, reproductive output, and fitness, and these links were consistent among years and across different parts of the nesting period. Although all eggs were incubated at standard water potentials, clutches varied considerably in the amount of water uptake by eggs during incubation. Hatchling body length was influenced more by the egg's water uptake than by its initial mass. Larger offspring were more likely to survive their first year of life. Overall, the rate of water uptake by a female's eggs was more important for her reproductive success (number of surviving progeny) than were variables such as mean, egg mass. Hence, this population experiences intense selection not only on "conventional" life-history traits such as egg size and number, but also on maternal nest-site choice and on the physiological mechanisms that control water exchange between the egg and the nest substrate.	Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	Shine, R (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.	rics@bio.usyd.edu.au	Brown, Gregory/F-9897-2011; Shine, Richard/B-8711-2008	Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-2924-9040; 			Bonnet X, 2001, OIKOS, V92, P297, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920212.x; Brown GP, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1627, DOI 10.1890/03-0107; Brown GP, 2002, J ZOOL, V258, P63, DOI 10.1017/S0952836902001218; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Clutton-Brock T.H., 1988, REPROD SUCCESS STUDI; COGGER HG, 2000, REPTILES AMPHIBIANS; DAVIES NB, 1992, DUNNOCK BEHAV SOCIAL; Deeming D.C., 2004, P229; Du WG, 2005, BIOL LETT-UK, V1, P98, DOI 10.1016/rsbl.2004.0268; Endler JA, 1986, NATURAL SELECTION WI; FERGUSON GW, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P342, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00292.x; Fitch HS, 1970, MISCELLANEOUS PUBLIC, P1; FOX SF, 1975, EVOLUTION, V29, P95, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00818.x; Grant P.R., 1986, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION DA; KING RB, 1993, J HERPETOL, V27, P175, DOI 10.2307/1564934; KINGSOLVER JG, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P276, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90004-H; Kingsolver JG, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P245, DOI 10.1086/319193; Madsen T, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P149, DOI 10.2307/2265663; Madsen T, 1996, HERPETOLOGICA, V52, P146; Naulleau G, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V107, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF00328446; Olsson M, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1328, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02372.x; Olsson M, 2001, FUNCT ECOL, V15, P443, DOI 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00544.x; Olsson M, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P179, DOI 10.1086/285985; Petraitis PS, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P421, DOI 10.2307/2389934; PIANKA ER, 1976, AM ZOOL, V16, P775; Qualls CP, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P845, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00374.x; Roff D. 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J	Isaac, JL; Johnson, CN				Isaac, JL; Johnson, CN			Terminal reproductive effort in a marsupial	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						age; life history; reproductive effort; residual reproductive value	COMMON BRUSHTAIL POSSUM; TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; AGE; SUCCESS	Life-history theory predicts that as organisms approach the end of their life, they should increase their reproductive effort (RE). However, studies on mammals often find that measures of RE do not vary with maternal age. This might be because offspring have some control over energy transfer which may constrain adaptive variation in RE by mothers, particularly in eutherian mammals where placental function is primarily controlled by offspring. However, in marsupials, energy transfer is primarily by lactation and under maternal control, leaving marsupial mothers free to vary RE. Here, we provide the first analysis, to our knowledge, of age-specific RE in a marsupial, the common brushtail possum. RE, measured as the proportion of maternal mass lost during lactation, was strongly correlated with offspring mass as a yearling. Older females had higher RE, gave birth earlier in the season and were more likely to produce two offspring in a year. Females with high RE in one year were fighter at the beginning of the next breeding season. These results provide the clearest support yet for terminal RE in a mammal.	James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia	Isaac, JL (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.	joanne.isaac@icu.edu.au	Johnson, Christopher/J-7894-2014; Johnson, Chris/A-7275-2008	Johnson, Christopher/0000-0002-9719-3771; 			Cameron EZ, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P243, DOI 10.1007/s002650050661; CHARLESWORTH B, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P449, DOI 10.1086/283079; Clutton-Brock T. H., 1991, EVOLUTION PARENTAL C; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; Cote SD, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P173, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1719; FORSLUND P, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P374, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89141-7; GREEN WCH, 1993, J ZOOL, V230, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02680.x; Haig D, 1996, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V9, P357, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9030357.x; HAIG D, 1993, Q REV BIOL, V68, P495, DOI 10.1086/418300; Hsu MJ, 1999, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V169, P67, DOI 10.1007/s003600050195; Isaac JL, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P552, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00954.x; Isaac JL, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P818, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arg076; McMahon CR, 2004, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V55, P349, DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0721-1; PACKER C, 1998, NATURE, V392, P107; PARK CS, 1993, DUKES PHYSL DOMESTIC; PIANKA ER, 1988, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLGY; Polak M, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P2197, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0559; Renfree M., 1984, S ZOOL SOC LOND, V51, P403; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Trott JF, 2003, BIOL REPROD, V68, P929, DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.005934; TYNDALEBISCO CH, 1987, REPROD PHYSL MARSUPI; Weladji RB, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P79, DOI 10.1007/s00442-001-0864-6; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WINTER JW, 1980, AUST WILDLIFE RES, V7, P359	24	23	23	0	20	ROYAL SOCIETY	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETT-UK	Biol. Lett.	SEP 22	2005	1	3					271	275		10.1098/rsbl.2005.0326				5	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	968NX	WOS:000232170300006	17148185	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Muehlenbein, MP; Bribiescas, RG				Muehlenbein, MP; Bribiescas, RG			Testosterone-mediated immune functions and male life histories	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Review							TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE-HANDICAP HYPOTHESIS; MANDRILLS MANDRILLUS-SPHINX; MALE BARN SWALLOWS; MICE MUS-MUSCULUS; T-CELL SUBSETS; SECONDARY SEXUAL ADORNMENTS; PLASMODIUM-CHABAUDI MALARIA; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS	Recent advances in human life history theory have provided new insights into the potential selection pressures that were instrumental in the evolution of human and non-human primate males. However, gaps remain in our understanding of how primate males regulate and allocate energetic resources between survivorship and reproductive effort. Defense against parasitic infection is an important force shaping life history evolution. Proper performance of immunological responses against infection is influenced by many physiological systems, including metabolic, reproductive, and stress hormones. Because androgens influence and modulate immune, reproductive, and somatic metabolic functions, assessing changes in testosterone and immune factors during infection may yield insight into male physiological ecology. In this review, we examine male life history trade-offs between immune and reproductive endocrine functions as well as provide a comprehensive review of testosterone-immunocompetence relationships. Emphasis is placed on testosterone because it is a primary hormone shown to be crucial to energy-allocation processes in vertebrates. Non-primate species have been used more extensively in this research than humans or non-human primates, and therefore this extensive literature is organized and reviewed in order to better understand potential parallel relationships in primates, especially humans. Furthermore, we attempt to reconcile the many inconsistent results obtained from field studies on immune-endocrine interactions as well as detail various methodologies that may be used to forward this research in evolutionary anthropology.	Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anthropol, Lab Evolutionary Physiol & Parasitol, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA; Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, Reprod Ecol Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA	Muehlenbein, MP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anthropol, Lab Evolutionary Physiol & Parasitol, 3413 N Downer Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA.	mpm1@uwm.edu					AAKVAAG A, 1978, EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O, V39, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF00421452; Able DJ, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P2229, DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.5.2229; Adamo SA, 2001, ANIM BEHAV, V62, P417, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1786; Al-Afaleq AI, 1998, IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT, V20, P315, DOI 10.3109/08923979809038547; Allen JE, 1996, INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM, V109, P3, DOI 10.1159/000237225; Angele MK, 1998, AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH, V274, pC1530, DOI 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.6.C1530; ARDAWI MSM, 1985, ESSAYS BIOCHEM, V21, P1; AYALA SC, 1976, J PARASITOL, V62, P177, DOI 10.2307/3279261; BAGATELL CJ, 1990, FERTIL STERIL, V53, P688; BAMBINO TH, 1981, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V108, P2142, DOI 10.1210/endo-108-6-2142; BARNARD CJ, 1994, PARASITOLOGY, V108, P487, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000077349; Barnard CJ, 1996, ETHOLOGY, V102, P63, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1996.tb01104.x; Barnard CJ, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P2087, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0544; BARRETT KE, 1988, AM J TROP MED HYG, V38, P574, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.574; BEALL CM, 1992, ANN HUM BIOL, V19, P67, DOI 10.1080/03014469200001932; BEAVER PC, 1988, AM J TROP MED HYG, V39, P343, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.343; Benten WPM, 1999, FASEB J, V13, P123; Benten WPM, 1997, J ENDOCRINOL, V153, P275, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1530275; BENTEN WPM, 1993, J ENDOCRINOL, V139, P487, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1390487; BENTLEY GR, 1993, AM J HUM BIOL, V5, P711, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.1310050614; Bentley GR, 1999, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V7, P175; Berke G, 1997, Curr Opin Hematol, V4, P32; BEUTLER B, 1988, ENDOCR REV, V9, P57, DOI 10.1210/edrv-9-1-57; Bhasin S, 2000, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V283, P763, DOI 10.1001/jama.283.6.763; Bhasin S, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199607043350101; Bigler LR, 2002, J ORAL PATHOL MED, V31, P421, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.00123.x; Bijlsma JWJ, 1999, IMMUNOL TODAY, V20, P298, DOI 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01422-4; Bilbo SD, 2001, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V280, pR207; BLACK SJ, 2002, INFECT RESISTANCE IM, P1; BLACK SJ, 2002, INFECT RESISTANCE IM, P45; BONAVERA JJ, 1993, BRAIN RES, V612, P1, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91637-8; BORGIA G, 1986, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V19, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF00295708; BRABIN L, 1990, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V105, P335, DOI 10.1017/S0950268800047932; Braude S, 1999, BEHAV ECOL, V10, P345, DOI 10.1093/beheco/10.3.345; Bribiescas RG, 2005, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V127, P114, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20079; Bribiescas RG, 2001, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V44, P148, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10025; Bribiescas RG, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF02692109; BRIBIESCAS RG, 1997, THESIS HARVARD U CAM; BRIBIESCAS RG, 2001, REPROD ECOLOGY HUMAN, P107; Broglio F, 2003, HORM RES, V59, P109, DOI 10.1159/000069065; Brown R. 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J. Hum. Biol.	SEP-OCT	2005	17	5					527	558		10.1002/ajhb.20419				32	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	961IO	WOS:000231655700001	16136532				2018-11-12	
J	Vedder, O; Dijkstra, C; Dekker, AL; Waasdorp, S; Visser, GH				Vedder, O; Dijkstra, C; Dekker, AL; Waasdorp, S; Visser, GH			Sex-specific nestling body mass in relation to brood sex composition in the Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus	ARDEA			English	Article						sexual size dimorphism; sibling competition; parental investment; sex allocation; Eurasian Sparrowhawk; Accipiter nisus	TIT PARUS-MAJOR; RATIO MANIPULATION; GREAT TIT; EUROPEAN SPARROWHAWK; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; CLUTCH SIZE; BIRDS; SURVIVAL; ALLOCATION	The trade-off between brood size and offspring quality as predicted by life history theory, has been extensively studied in birds. However, in sexually size-dimorphic birds, where the larger sex requires more investment from the parents, the potential additional trade-off between brood sex ratio and offspring quality has received less attention. Effects of brood sex composition on nestling fitness can have implications for optimal sex allocation strategies. A harmful effect of a higher proportion of the larger sex on either one of the sexes predicts selection towards parents producing the less harmful, smaller sex. In addition to Fisherian equal allocation this should lead to considerable sex ratio biases in extremely sexually size-dimorphic birds. We tested this in the Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, where female nestlings require about 40% more parental investment than male nestlings. Sex-specific nestling body mass, calculated as the relative difference with the average body mass, corrected for age, for both sexes, was used as an indicator of nestling quality. With a sample size of 120 broods, containing 483 nestlings, we found that individual nestlings were of lower body mass when they hatched in larger and female dominated broods. This effect was particularly pronounced in female nestlings. Under these conditions, sex ratio theory predicts a male bias in the population. 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J	Freitak, D; Vanatoa, A; Ots, I; Rantala, MJ				Freitak, D; Vanatoa, A; Ots, I; Rantala, MJ			Formation of melanin-based wing patterns is influenced by condition and immune challenge in Pieris brassicae	ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA			English	Article						encapsulation; immune response; pigmentation; large white butterfly; wing spots; trade-off; melanization; Lepidoptera; Pieridae	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; BUTTERFLY WINGS; EVO-DEVO; RESISTANCE; SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; INVERTEBRATES; MELANIZATION; INVESTMENT	According to life-history theory, trade-offs emerge because organisms possess a limited amount of resources that they have to allocate between different bodily functions. Here, we tested whether there is a trade-off between melanin-based immune response and dark melanized wing patterning in the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), by activating the immune system of pupae and measuring the wing pigmentation of freshly emerged adults. In contrast to expectations, we did not find any negative associations between immune challenge and wing patterning. Furthermore, implanted and punctured male pupae tended to have larger and darker forewing tips as adults compared to controls. Both in females and males, different wing spots were affected by condition-reflecting traits (e.g., pupal mass, brood), which suggest that formation of wing patterns may be a condition-dependent process and/or heritable.	Univ Tartu, Ins Zool & Hydrobiol, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia; Estonain Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia; Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla 40351, Finland	Freitak, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, Hans Knoll Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.	dfreitak@ice.mpg.de	Freitak, Dalial/H-4904-2012	Freitak, Dalial/0000-0001-8574-0531			Armitage SAO, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P1038, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00551.x; Barnes AI, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P177, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.0984; Beldade P, 2002, NAT REV GENET, V3, P442, DOI 10.1038/nrg818; Beldade P, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P14262, DOI 10.1073/pnas.222236199; Bonduriansky R, 2001, BIOL REV, V76, P305, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005693; BONSER RHC, 1995, CONDOR, V97, P590, DOI 10.2307/1369048; Cerenius L, 2004, IMMUNOL REV, V198, P116, DOI 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00116.x; Chapman R. F., 1998, INSECTS STRUCTURE FU; COTTER SC, 2003, J EVOLUTIONARY BIOL, V17, P421; FELTWELL J, 1982, SERIES ETNOMOLOGICA, V18, P560; Fordyce JA, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P871, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00432.x; Freitak D, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, pS220, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0069; GUPTA AP, 1991, IMMUNOLOGY INSECTS O; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Janssen JM, 2001, EVOL DEV, V3, P415, DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142X.2001.01046.x; Jiggins CD, 2001, NATURE, V411, P302, DOI 10.1038/35077075; Kumar S, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P14139, DOI 10.1073/pnas.2036262100; Little TJ, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P58, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2003.11.011; Moret Y, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P1166, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5494.1166; Mushtaque Mohammad, 1993, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, V25, P165; Nijhout HF, 1991, DEV EVOLUTION BUTTER; Perez-Tris J, 2002, BIOL J LINN SOC, V76, P481, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00083.x; Plaistow SJ, 2003, ECOL LETT, V6, P489, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00455.x; Rantala MJ, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2453, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1305; Reeson AF, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1787, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0503; Rutowski Ronald L., 1997, P257, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511721946.016; Schmid-Hempel P, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P357, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2265; Schmid-Hempel R, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P22, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00153.x; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Siva-Jothy MT, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2523, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1315; Talloen W, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P360, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01651.x; Vilmos P, 1998, IMMUNOL LETT, V62, P59, DOI 10.1016/S0165-2478(98)00023-6; WIERNASZ DC, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V43, P89, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80074-0; WIERNASZ DC, 1995, ANIM BEHAV, V49, P45, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80152-9; Zuk M, 2002, AM NAT, V160, pS9, DOI 10.1086/342131	35	21	21	0	16	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND	0013-8703			ENTOMOL EXP APPL	Entomol. Exp. Appl.	SEP	2005	116	3					237	243		10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00330.x				7	Entomology	Entomology	955KL	WOS:000231224700011					2018-11-12	
J	Stelzer, CP				Stelzer, CP			Evolution of rotifer life histories	HYDROBIOLOGIA			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	10th International Rotifer Symposium	JUN 07-13, 2003	Illmitz, AUSTRIA			life history theory; egg size; body size; trade-off; constraint; adaptation	BRACHIONUS-PLICATILIS ROTIFERA; HAPLODIPLOID CYCLICAL PARTHENOGENS; POPULATION-GROWTH RATES; EGG SIZE; BODY-SIZE; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; PLANKTONIC ROTIFERS; BDELLOID ROTIFER; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; RESOURCE LIMITATION	When compared to most other multicellular animals, rotifers are all relatively small, short-lived and fast-reproducing organisms. However among and within different rotifer species there is a large variation in life history patterns. This review accounts for such variation in rotifers, with a strong focus on monogonont rotifers. As the life cycle of monogonont rotifers involves both asexual and sexual reproduction, life history patterns can be examined on the level of the genetic individual, which includes all asexual females, sexual females and males that originated from one resting egg. This concept has been applied successfully in many areas, for example in predicting optimal levels of mictic reproduction or sex allocation theory. The benefits and implications of the view of the genetic individual are discussed in detail. Rotifer life histories can also be viewed on the level of physiological individuals. A large part of this review deals with the life histories of individual amictic females and addresses life history traits like body size, egg size and resource allocation patterns. It asks which trade-offs exist among those traits, how these traits change under the influence of environmental factors like food availability or temperature, and whether these changes can be interpreted as adaptive.	Univ Munster, Inst Anim Evolut & Ecol, Dept Evolutionary Biol, D-48149 Munster, Germany	Stelzer, CP (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Anim Evolut & Ecol, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Hufferstr 1, D-48149 Munster, Germany.	cpstelzer@web.de	Stelzer, Claus-Peter/F-3789-2018	Stelzer, Claus-Peter/0000-0002-6682-0904			ALLAN JD, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P165, DOI 10.1086/283056; Aparici E, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P65, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00371.x; Aparici E, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P652, DOI 10.1086/286196; BEGON M, 1991, OKOLOGIE; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; CASEWELL H, 1989, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Conde-Porcuna JM, 1998, J PLANKTON RES, V20, P1637, DOI 10.1093/plankt/20.8.1637; EPP RW, 1984, OECOLOGIA, V61, P289, DOI 10.1007/BF00379624; Fox GA, 2001, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC, P253; Gilbert JJ, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1371, DOI 10.2307/176749; Gilbert JJ, 2003, EVOL DEV, V5, P19, DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03004.x; Gilbert JJ, 2002, FRESHWATER BIOL, V47, P1633, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00900.x; GILBERT JJ, 1989, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V34, P606, DOI 10.4319/lo.1989.34.3.0606; GLAZIER DS, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P910, DOI 10.2307/1940168; Gomez A, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P1431; Gomez A, 1996, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V9, P953, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9060953.x; GONZALEZ MJ, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V89, P560, DOI 10.1007/BF00317164; Green J, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V387, P301, DOI 10.1023/A:1017034409096; HALBACH U, 1970, OECOLOGIA, V4, P176, DOI 10.1007/BF00377100; Jr Lewis WM, 1979, ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNIT; KING CE, 1977, HEREDITY, V39, P361, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1977.77; KING CE, 1970, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V43, P206, DOI 10.1086/physzool.43.3.30155530; Kirk KL, 1997, FRESHWATER BIOL, V37, P515, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00177.x; Kirk KL, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P434, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[0434:LHRTVE]2.0.CO;2; Kirk KL, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V42, P637, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00502.x; LAMPERT W, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1455, DOI 10.2307/1940074; Lapesa S, 2002, FRESHWATER BIOL, V47, P1685, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00926.x; Loxdale HD, 2003, BIOL J LINN SOC, V79, P3, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00177.x; Merriman JL, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P141, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0141:TPORLI]2.0.CO;2; MEYER JS, 1986, ECOLOGY, V67, P1156, DOI 10.2307/1938671; Orsenigo S, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V387, P317, DOI 10.1023/A:1017094627751; REZNICK D, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P42, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90104-J; RICCI C, 1995, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V299, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF00767330; Ricci C, 1995, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V313, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF00025945; ROFF D, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P405, DOI 10.1086/283832; ROTHHAUPT KO, 1990, FRESHWATER BIOL, V23, P561, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1990.tb00295.x; Rougier C, 2000, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V436, P105, DOI 10.1023/A:1026579212772; Santo N, 2001, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V446, P71, DOI 10.1023/A:1017525222744; Sarma SSS, 2002, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V481, P89, DOI 10.1023/A:1021265104165; SARMA SSS, 1987, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V111, P245; Serra M, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P263; Serra M, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P360, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01446-3; SERRA M, 1994, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V277, P97, DOI 10.1007/BF00016757; Shertzer KW, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2181, DOI 10.2307/3072050; SLEIGH MA, 1977, SCALE EFFECTS ANIMAL; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; SNELL TW, 1984, AQUACULTURE, V37, P359, DOI 10.1016/0044-8486(84)90300-4; SNELL TW, 1977, EVOLUTION, V31, P882, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1977.tb01082.x; SNELL TW, 1987, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V147, P329, DOI 10.1007/BF00025762; SNELL TW, 1987, INT J INVER REP DEV, V12, P103, DOI 10.1080/01688170.1987.10510306; Stearns S. 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J	Bonduriansky, R; Brassil, CE				Bonduriansky, R; Brassil, CE			Reproductive ageing and sexual selection on male body size in a wild population of antler flies (Protopiophila litigata)	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						body size; field study; life history; Protopiophila litigata; senescence; sexual selection; trade-off; wild population	AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; YELLOW DUNG FLY; LIFE-SPAN; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DIETARY RESTRICTION; TRADE-OFFS; SCATHOPHAGA-STERCORARIA; FEMALE PREFERENCE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; MATING SUCCESS	Little is known about the importance of trade-offs between ageing and other life history traits, or the effects of ageing on sexual selection, particularly in wild populations suffering high extrinsic mortality rates. Life history theory suggests that trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance may constrain individuals with higher initial reproductive rates to deteriorate more rapidly, resulting in reduced sexual selection strength. However, this trade-off may be masked by increased condition dependence of reproductive effort in older individuals. We tested for this trade-off in males in a wild population of antler flies (Protopiophila litigata). High mating rate was associated with reduced longevity, as a result of increased short-term mortality risk or accelerated ageing in traits affecting viability. In contrast, large body size was associated with accelerated ageing in traits affecting mating success, resulting in reduced sexual selection for large body size. Thus, ageing can affect sexual selection and evolution in wild populations.	Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON, Canada	Bonduriansky, R (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.	r.bonduriansky@unsw.edu.au	Brassil, Chad/A-1193-2008	Brassil, Chad/0000-0002-9611-7283; Bonduriansky, Russell/0000-0002-5786-6951			ABRAMS PA, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01241.x; Alcock J, 1996, ECOL ENTOMOL, V21, P309, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1996.00007.x; Austad SN, 1996, EXP GERONTOL, V31, P453, DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(95)02068-3; BANKS MJ, 1985, ANIM BEHAV, V33, P1175, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80178-0; Bartke A, 2001, NATURE, V414, P412, DOI 10.1038/35106646; Beck CW, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P275; Berglund A, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01442.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; Bonduriansky R, 2005, EVOLUTION, V59, P138, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00901.x; Bonduriansky R, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P2046; Bonduriansky R, 2003, CAN J ZOOL, V81, P479, DOI 10.1139/Z03-031; Bonduriansky R, 1997, CAN ENTOMOL, V129, P827, DOI 10.4039/Ent129827-5; Bonduriansky R, 2002, NATURE, V420, P377, DOI 10.1038/420377a; Bonduriansky R, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P1277, DOI 10.1139/cjz-76-7-1277; Bonduriansky R, 1998, CAN ENTOMOL, V130, P399, DOI 10.4039/Ent130399-4; Bonduriansky R, 1999, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V11, P287, DOI 10.1080/08927014.1999.9522829; Brooks R, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P308, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02147-4; CARTAR RV, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P225, DOI 10.2307/5525; Chapman R. 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J	Nee, S; Colegrave, N; West, SA; Grafen, A				Nee, S; Colegrave, N; West, SA; Grafen, A			The illusion of invariant quantities in life histories	SCIENCE			English	Article							SEX-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; INDETERMINATE GROWTH; PARASITIC NEMATODES; TRADE-OFF; REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTION; AGE; ANIMALS; OPTIMIZATION	Life-history theory attempts to provide evolutionary explanations for variations in the ways in which animal species live their lives. Recent analyses have suggested that the dimensionless ratios of several key life-history parameters are the same for different species, even across distant taxa. However, we show here that previous analyses may have given a false picture and created an illusion of invariants, which do not necessarily exist; essentially, this is because life-history variables have been regressed against themselves. The following question arises from our analysis: How do we identify an invariant?	Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland; Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England	Nee, S (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Evolutionary Biol, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.	sean.nee@ed.ac.uk	West, Stuart/M-3608-2014; Colegrave, Nick/F-3916-2010	West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153; Grafen, Alan/0000-0002-1843-6457			Allsop DJ, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P921, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00590.x; Allsop DJ, 2003, NATURE, V425, P783, DOI 10.1038/425783a; Beddington JR, 2005, PHILOS T R SOC B, V360, P163, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2004.1582; BUSTON PM, 2004, NATURE, V428, P783; Charnov EL, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P1067; Charnov EL, 1997, NATURE, V387, P393, DOI 10.1038/387393a0; Charnov EL, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P749; Charnov EL, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P9460, DOI 10.1073/pnas.161294498; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; CIPRIANI R, 2005, J EVOL BIOL; Clobert J, 1998, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V11, P329; Economo EP, 2005, ECOL LETT, V8, P353, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00737.x; Gardner A, 2005, AM NAT, V165, P551, DOI 10.1086/429526; Gemmill AW, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P1148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00117.x; Hawkes K, 2004, NATURE, V428, P128, DOI 10.1038/428128a; He JX, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P784, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0784:AASAFR]2.0.CO;2; Heino M, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P423; Jensen AL, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P820, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-53-4-820; Jones KE, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P465; Kozlowski J, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P352; KOZLOWSKI J, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P556; Lester NP, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P1625, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2778; Mangel M, 1996, EVOL ECOL, V10, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01237683; MILES DB, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2143; Moller AP, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V132, P492, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0952-2; Morand S, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P210, DOI 10.2307/2389845; PURVIS A, 1995, J ZOOL, V237, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02762.x; Ricklefs RE, 2000, CONDOR, V102, P9, DOI 10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0009:DDEOAT]2.0.CO;2; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; SMITH JM, 1993, Q REV BIOL, V68, P557; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; West GB, 2004, PHYS TODAY, V57, P36, DOI 10.1063/1.1809090; Willemsen RE, 1999, J ZOOL, V248, P379, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01037.x; Williams EH, 2003, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V60, P710, DOI 10.1139/F03-059	34	62	64	0	26	AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE	WASHINGTON	1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA	0036-8075			SCIENCE	Science	AUG 19	2005	309	5738					1236	1239		10.1126/science.1114488				4	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	957TE	WOS:000231395400044	16109879				2018-11-12	
J	Amdam, GV; Page, RP				Amdam, GV; Page, RP			Intergenerational transfers may have decoupled physiological and chronological age in a eusocial insect	AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS			English	Review						intergenerational transfer; physiological and chronological age; eusocial insect	BEES APIS-MELLIFERA; WORKER HONEY-BEES; DIVISION-OF-LABOR; JUVENILE-HORMONE; WEATHER CONDITIONS; CARNICA POLLMANN; NURSE BEES; LIFE-SPAN; VITELLOGENIN; SENESCENCE	Life-history theory generally predicts that there should be no selection for longevity beyond the limit of reproductive capacity. However, the capacity to increase fitness may not end when individuals reach a state of functional sterility. Recent studies show that intergenerational transfers of resources from post-reproductive parents can increase the offspring's fitness, and analytical theory shows that age-trajectories of transfers may shape the course of senescence in social organisms. In eusocial insects, female roles are partitioned so that one phenotype or "caste" reproduces while another is responsible for resource transfers: the reproductive "queens" are arrested in a continuous reproductive mode, while transfer-activities such as hygienic behaviors, guarding, foraging and further food processing ("nursing") that increases the nutritional value of provisions are conducted by sterile ''workers". Worker honey bees normally perform these tasks in a sequence so that nursing inside the protected nest is conducted prior to more risky exterior hive activities such as guarding and foraging. However, foragers may revert to nurse-activity in response to demographic changes, and worker bees can also develop into a stress resistant survival form with a 10-fold increase in lifespan. This elastic division of parental functions is believed to increase colony fitness. Further, it generates a stage-dependent trajectory of senescence that is difficult to address with established theories of aging. In the following, we show how a recent theory that includes resource transfers can be used to elucidate patterns of senescence in eusocial, non-reproducing individuals like the honey bee worker. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquaculture Sci, N-1432 As, Norway	Amdam, GV (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.	gvamdam@ucdavis.edu			NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG022500, P01 AG 22500, P01 AG022500-03, P01 AG022500-02]		Amdam GV, 2004, EXP GERONTOL, V39, P767, DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2004.02.010; Amdam GV, 2004, J ECON ENTOMOL, V97, P741, DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2004)097[0741:APIWHB]2.0.CO;2; Amdam GV, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P1799, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0333979100; Amdam GV, 2002, J THEOR BIOL, V216, P209, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2002.2545; Amdam GV, 2004, SCI AGING KNOWL ENV, V26, ppe28; Chapuisat M, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P909, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1962; CRAILSHEIM K, 1992, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V162, P681, DOI 10.1007/BF00301617; Crailsheim K, 1998, APIDOLOGIE, V29, P97, DOI 10.1051/apido:19980106; CRAILSHEIM K, 1988, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V34, P1093, DOI 10.1016/0022-1910(88)90210-7; Crailsheim K, 1999, APIDOLOGIE, V30, P299, DOI 10.1051/apido:19990406; CRAILSHEIM K, 1990, ZOOL JAHRB ALLG ZOOL, V94, P303; EISCHEN FA, 1984, J APICULT RES, V23, P90, DOI 10.1080/00218839.1984.11100615; Engels W., 1990, Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction, V5, P495; ENGELS W, 1974, ROUX ARCH DEV BIOL, V174, P285, DOI 10.1007/BF00573233; FAHRBACH SE, 1995, NEUROBIOL LEARN MEM, V63, P181, DOI 10.1006/nlme.1995.1019; FINCH C, 1990, LONGEVITY SENESCENCE; FLURI P, 1982, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V28, P61, DOI 10.1016/0022-1910(82)90023-3; Free J. 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L., 1987, BIOL HONEY BEE; WOYKE J, 1977, J APICULT RES, V16, P84, DOI 10.1080/00218839.1977.11099866	47	55	56	2	12	ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD	CLARE	ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND	1568-1637			AGEING RES REV	Ageing Res. Rev.	AUG	2005	4	3					398	408		10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.007				11	Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology	Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology	967OM	WOS:000232100700005	16039913	Green Accepted			2018-11-12	
J	Dunlop, ES; Orendorff, JA; Shuter, BJ; Rodd, FH; Ridgway, MS				Dunlop, ES; Orendorff, JA; Shuter, BJ; Rodd, FH; Ridgway, MS			Diet and divergence of introduced smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) populations	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; CHINOOK SALMON; BACK-CALCULATION; SOMATIC GROWTH; YELLOW PERCH; K-SELECTION; R-SELECTION; BODY-SIZE; EGG SIZE; FISH	We examine the degree and causes of divergence in growth and reproduction in two populations of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) introduced a century ago. Despite a common source, the Provoking Lake population now has a higher population density and slower growing individuals than the Opeongo Lake population. Using this system, we test the predictions of life history theory that delayed maturation and reduced reproductive investment are expected in high density populations with slow individual growth rates. Observations on both populations run directly counter to the aforementioned expectations. Instead, Provoking males have smaller sizes and younger ages at nesting and higher gonad masses than Opeongo males; Provoking females have smaller sizes at maturity, larger egg sizes, and higher ovarian dry masses than Opeongo females. Temperature, food availability, diet ontogeny, young-of-the-year mortality, and adult mortality were examined as plausible contributors to the divergence. Results suggest that low food availability, likely caused or mediated by intraspecific competition for prey, and lack of large prey in the diet are contributing to the slow growth, increased reproductive investment, and higher mortality following reproduction in Provoking. This study provides insight into the processes that produce rapid divergence of life history in a species exhibiting parental care.	Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aurora Dist, Aurora, ON L4G 3G8, Canada; Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Aquat Res & Dev Sect, Harkness Lab Fisheries Res, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada	Dunlop, ES (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.	dunlop@iiasa.ac.at	Shuter, Brian/A-3991-2008				Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; Aday DD, 2002, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V11, P190, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00011.x; Carlander K. 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AUG	2005	62	8					1720	1732		10.1139/F05-089				13	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	964NU	WOS:000231888600004					2018-11-12	
J	Ardia, DR				Ardia, DR			Tree swallows trade off immune function and reproductive effort differently across their range	ECOLOGY			English	Article						breeding range; geographic variation; immune function; latitudinal gradients; life history trade-offs; offspring quality; parental investment; reproductive effort; self-maintenance; Tachycineta bicolor; Tree Swallow	COMMON-GARDEN EXPERIMENT; GREAT TIT; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; LONG-TERM; EGG SIZE; BIRDS; SURVIVAL; COST; LIFE	Latitudinal differences in life histories are believed to be underlain by differences in trade-offs between current and future reproduction. I report differences in tradeoffs between parent and offspring across the range of a widespread avian species, the Tree S wallow (Tachycineta bicolor). I manipulated parental effort and found that in Alaska, where yearly adult return rates are low, breeding females increase their reproductive investment to maintain offspring quality, whereas in Tennessee, where yearly adult return rates are high, breeding females are either unable or unwilling to increase reproductive investment and, consequently, raise offspring of lower quality. I further investigated a critical mechanism of self-maintenance that may underlie differences in survival among sites: immunocompetence. Females breeding in Alaska mounted weaker immune responses when raising enlarged broods, whereas females in Tennessee did not, further suggesting a strategy in Alaskan females to incur costs (i.e., reduce future reproduction) in order to maintain offspring quality. Insect availability increased as the breeding season progressed in both sites, but more food was available in Alaska than in Tennessee. This is among the first studies to report geographic differences in immune function consistent with life history theory, which predicts that individuals with higher survival probabilities should invest more in self-maintenance.	Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA	Ardia, DR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Morrill Sci Ctr, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.	ardia@bio.umass.edu					Apanius V, 1998, ADV STUD BEHAV, V27, P133; Ardia DR, 2005, J ANIM ECOL, V74, P517, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00950.x; Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; Armbruster P, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P439; Deerenberg C, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1021, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0141; Dhondt AA, 2001, ARDEA, V89, P155; Encabo SI, 2002, IBIS, V144, P623, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00099.x; Foster S. A., 1999, GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION; Ghalambor CK, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P494, DOI 10.1126/science.1059379; GUSTAFSSON L, 1988, NATURE, V335, P813, DOI 10.1038/335813a0; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Hanssen SA, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V136, P457, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1282-8; Hemborg C, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V129, P206, DOI 10.1007/s004420100710; Horak P, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V121, P316, DOI 10.1007/s004420050934; Kokita T, 2003, MAR BIOL, V143, P593, DOI 10.1007/s00227-003-1104-x; Lack D., 1966, POPULATION STUDIES B; LINDEN M, 1989, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V4, P367, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90101-8; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; Martin LB, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P2323, DOI 10.1890/03-0365; Martin TE, 2000, SCIENCE, V287, P1482, DOI 10.1126/science.287.5457.1482; McCarty JP, 1999, IBIS, V141, P286, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07551.x; Norris K, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P19, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.19; Ricklefs RE, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P462, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02578-8; ROBERTSON RJ, 1992, BIRDS N AM, V11; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; ROITT IM, 1998, IMMUNOLOGY; Saino N, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P999, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00350.x; Sanz JJ, 2004, J ANIM ECOL, V73, P441, DOI 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00815.x; Sanz JJ, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P149, DOI 10.1007/PL00008842; *SAS I, 2002, SAS P GLM VERS 8 02; Sears MW, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P1624, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1624:LVITSL]2.0.CO;2; SKUTCH AF, 1949, IBIS, V91, P430, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1949.tb02293.x; Smits JE, 1999, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V44, P105, DOI 10.1006/eesa.1999.1806; Starck J. Matthias, 1998, V8, P247; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Wikelski M, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P2383, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2500; Winkler DW, 2004, CONDOR, V106, P768, DOI 10.1650/7634; Young BE, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P472, DOI 10.2307/2265623	38	103	104	3	42	ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER	WASHINGTON	1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA	0012-9658			ECOLOGY	Ecology	AUG	2005	86	8					2040	2046		10.1890/04-1619				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	953KO	WOS:000231075400009					2018-11-12	
J	Stoks, R; De Block, M; Van de Meutter, F; Johansson, F				Stoks, R; De Block, M; Van de Meutter, F; Johansson, F			Predation cost of rapid growth: behavioural coupling and physiological decoupling	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						antipredator behaviour; growth/predation risk trade-off; life-history plasticity; physiological stress; time stress	LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; RISK TRADE-OFF; TIME CONSTRAINTS; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; ENERGY ACQUISITION; FORAGING ACTIVITY; INTRINSIC GROWTH; PREY FISH; MORTALITY	1. Despite its prominent role in life-history theory, there is no direct empirical evidence for a behaviourally mediated predation cost of rapid growth. Moreover, we know little about how digestive physiology may also influence the shape of the growth/predation risk trade-off function. 2. We determined the role of behaviour and digestive physiology in experiments in which damselfly larvae were induced to grow slowly or rapidly by manipulating photoperiod (time stress), and exposure to a fish predator. 3. We showed that larvae under time stress grew more rapidly. Rapid-growing larvae had a higher foraging activity and a higher growth efficiency. 4. Under predation risk, larvae not only had a lower foraging activity but also a lower growth efficiency. 5. Rapid-growing larvae (i.e. those under time stress) balanced the growth/predation risk trade-off differently and took more risk in the presence of a predator, which resulted in a behaviourally mediated higher predation cost compared to slow-growing larvae. Their higher growth efficiency, however, made this cost smaller compared to a completely behaviourally mediated rapid-growth strategy. 6. Our results provide the first explicit experimental proof of a behaviourally mediated predation cost of rapid growth. Besides a behavioural coupling of growth and predation risk, resulting in the well-known trade-off, we also found a partial decoupling of these two processes by digestive physiology.	Univ Louvain, Aquat Ecol Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; Univ Antwerp, Evolutionary Biol Grp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Studies, S-90187 Umea, Sweden	Stoks, R (reprint author), Univ Louvain, Aquat Ecol Lab, Ch de Beriotstr 32, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.	robby.stoks@bio.kuleuven.be					Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Altwegg R, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2542, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2542:PILHPU]2.0.CO;2; Anholt BR, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3509, DOI 10.2307/177510; ANHOLT BR, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2230, DOI 10.2307/1941696; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Billerbeck JM, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P210, DOI 10.1007/PL00008848; Biro PA, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P2419, DOI 10.1890/02-0416; Biro PA, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P546, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00724.x; Boonstra R, 1998, ECOL MONOGR, V68, P371, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0371:TIOPIS]2.0.CO;2; Crowley PH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P2592, DOI 10.2307/177477; De Block M, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P185, DOI 10.1890/04-0116; Flanagin VL, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V125, P162, DOI 10.1007/s004420000441; Gotthard K, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P896, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00432.x; HOUSTON AI, 1993, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V341, P375, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1993.0123; Jodicke R. 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Anim. Ecol.	JUL	2005	74	4					708	715		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00969.x				8	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	946VQ	WOS:000230601800015		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Siefferman, L; Hill, GE				Siefferman, L; Hill, GE			Male eastern bluebirds trade future ornamentation for current reproductive investment	BIOLOGY LETTERS			English	Article						sexual selection; life-history evolution; trade-offs; structural plumage; parental effort	SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER; VIABILITY COSTS; SELECTION; COLORATION; PRINCIPLE; HANDICAP; TRAITS; OFFS	Life-history theory proposes that organisms must trade-off investment in current and future reproduction. Production of ornamental display is an important component of reproductive effort that has rarely been considered in tests of allocation trade-offs. Male eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) display brilliant ultraviolet-blue plumage that is correlated with mate acquisition and male competitive ability. To investigate trade-offs between current reproductive effort and the future expression of a sexually selected ornament, we manipulated the parental effort of males by changing their brood sizes. We found that parents provisioned experimentally enlarged broods more often than reduced broods. As predicted by life-history theory, the change in parental effort had a significant effect on the relative plumage ornamentation of males in the subsequent year: males with reduced broods significantly increased in plumage brightness. Moreover, this change in plumage coloration had a direct effect on the timing of breeding in the following season: males that displayed brighter plumage in the year following the manipulation mated with females that initiated egg laying earlier in the season. These data indicate that male bluebirds must trade-off conserving energy for production of future ornamentation versus expending energy for current reproduction.	Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA	Siefferman, L (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.	siefflm@auburn.edu		Siefferman, Lynn/0000-0002-9600-2902	NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI49724]		ANDERSSON M, 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION ANI; Griffith SC, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1115, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1116; GUSTAFSSON L, 1995, NATURE, V375, P311, DOI 10.1038/375311a0; HAMILTON WD, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P384, DOI 10.1126/science.7123238; Hoglund J, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P478, DOI 10.2307/3546675; KODRICBROWN A, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P309, DOI 10.1086/284275; Kokko H, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P739, DOI 10.1023/A:1006541701002; Levin R., 1968, EVOLUTION CHANGING E; Mappes J, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P785, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0117; MOLLER AP, 1989, NATURE, V339, P132; MOLLER AP, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1676, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02204.x; PARTRIDGE L, 1985, NATURE, V316, P16; PINKOWSKI BC, 1978, WILSON BULL, V90, P84; RESNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257; Shawkey MD, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1455, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2390; SHAWKEY MD, IN PRESS BIOL J LINN; Sheldon BC, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P645, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0207; Siefferman L, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P855, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arg063; Siefferman L, 2005, ANIM BEHAV, V69, P67, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.12.026; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; ZAHAVI A, 1975, J THEOR BIOL, V53, P205, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3	21	46	46	0	15	ROYAL SOCIETY	LONDON	6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND	1744-9561			BIOL LETT-UK	Biol. Lett.	JUN 22	2005	1	2					208	211		10.1098/rsbl.2004.0274				4	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	968MR	WOS:000232167100027	17148168	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Polishchuk, LV; Vijverberg, J				Polishchuk, LV; Vijverberg, J			Contribution analysis of body mass dynamics in Daphnia	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						body condition; clutch size; life history; resource allocation; zooplankton	TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; FOOD LIMITATION; ENERGY ALLOCATION; ALPINE LAKE; MAGNA; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; GALEATA; GROWTH; CARBON	The concept of body mass dynamics can be viewed as part of life history theory, but its potential has remained largely untapped due to a lack of analytical methodology. We therefore propose a method, called contribution analysis, which enables us to decompose a change in body mass into contributions associated with variations in individual egg mass, clutch size, and standard somatic mass (somatic mass adjusted to body length). The advantage of contribution analysis is that various contributions are expressed in the same units (units of mass) and show the amount of resources committed to changes in the individual traits, while the traits themselves are measured in different units and thus incomparable on their own. The method is tuned to study zooplankton, and is applied to examine body mass dynamics in Daphnia galeata. We found that when recovering from a poor-resource environment just above the threshold food concentration, Daphnia primarily increase their standard somatic mass, that is, restore body condition. When the trophic environment improves further but remains below the incipient limiting level, resources are invested equally to enhance body condition and reproduction in terms of clutch size. Finally, when food is no longer a limiting factor, almost all resources are committed to increase clutch size. While individual egg mass also varies, it never attracts more resources than the shift in the most prioritized trait. We suggest that the significance of this shift in resource allocation priorities is to keep an adult female alive in a poor environment and thus to allow her to retain her reproductive potential for better conditions in the future. Contribution analysis of body mass dynamics may allow us to detect flexible allocation strategies in a changing natural environment.	Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Food Web Studies, Ctr Limnol, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands; Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Gen Ecol, Moscow 119899, Russia	Polishchuk, LV (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Food Web Studies, Ctr Limnol, Rijksstr Weg 6, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands.	leonard_polishchuk@hotmail.com	Polishchuk, Leonard/I-9342-2012				Achenbach L, 1997, OIKOS, V79, P469, DOI 10.2307/3546889; Bizina EV, 2000, ZH OBSHCH BIOL, V61, P601; BOERSMA M, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P1793, DOI 10.1093/plankt/16.12.1793; BOERSMA M, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P1251, DOI 10.2307/1940932; Boersma M, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V35, P25, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1996.00478.x; BOLGER T, 1989, J FISH BIOL, V34, P171, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03300.x; CASWELL H, 1989, ECOL MODEL, V46, P221, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(89)90019-7; Doksaeter A, 2001, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V442, P207, DOI 10.1023/A:1017537012727; Duncan A., 1985, Advances in Limnology, V21, P81; Einum S, 2000, NATURE, V405, P565, DOI 10.1038/35014600; GLAZIER DS, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P910, DOI 10.2307/1940168; Glazier DS, 1998, FRESHWATER BIOL, V40, P87, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00333.x; Glazier DS, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P1696; GLAZIER DS, 1992, OECOLOGIA, V90, P540, DOI 10.1007/BF01875448; GLIWICZ ZM, 1990, NATURE, V343, P638, DOI 10.1038/343638a0; HESSEN DO, 1990, J PLANKTON RES, V12, P1239, DOI 10.1093/plankt/12.6.1239; Jeppesen E, 2000, FRESHWATER BIOL, V45, P201, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00675.x; Kooijman S. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Taylor B.E., 1985, Advances in Limnology, V21, P285; Tesch F. W., 1968, METHODS ASSESSMENT F, V3, P93; TESSIER AJ, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P468, DOI 10.2307/2937188; TESSIER AJ, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P707, DOI 10.4319/lo.1982.27.4.0707; Threlkeld S.T., 1987, Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott Marco de Marchi, V45, P353; THRELKELD ST, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P601, DOI 10.4319/lo.1979.24.4.0601; URABE J, 1988, Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan, V35, P159; URABE J, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P635, DOI 10.2307/2389482; VIJVERBERG J, 1989, FRESHWATER BIOL, V21, P317, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01369.x; Winder M, 2001, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V442, P269, DOI 10.1023/A:1017589013636	48	21	21	1	7	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0029-8549	1432-1939		OECOLOGIA	Oecologia	JUN	2005	144	2					268	277		10.1007/s00442-005-0072-x				10	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	944VU	WOS:000230459800010	15891835				2018-11-12	
J	Budden, AE; Beissinger, SR				Budden, AE; Beissinger, SR			Egg mass in an asynchronously hatching parrot: does variation offset constraints imposed by laying order?	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						asynchrony; brood-reduction; heritability; reproduction	GREEN-RUMPED PARROTLETS; EARLY NESTLING GROWTH; NEOTROPICAL PARROT; PARENTAL QUALITY; CLUTCH SIZE; FORPUS-PASSERINUS; BROOD REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES	Life history theory predicts phenotypic trade-offs between the number and quality of offspring produced. Intraspecific variation in egg mass is common in birds and increased egg size can have positive effects on offspring fitness. However, evidence of a trade-off with clutch size is limited. We analyzed variation in mass of 5,743 Green-rumped parrotlet (Forpus passerinus) eggs laid over 15 years to evaluate the potential for facultative adjustment of egg mass and factors governing variation. Heavier eggs had an increased probability of both hatching and fledging but egg mass did not affect post-fledging recruitment. Offspring egg mass differed between populations and the potential for seasonal adjustment to egg mass may be related to environmental factors such as seed density. Egg mass was moderately heritable (h(2)=0.42) which accounts for some of the individual variation detected, and these results are likely attributable to strong maternal effects. We found an effect of female age on egg mass, but no effects of previous reproductive experience. Finally, egg mass was strongly governed by position within the laying sequence, independent of clutch size, and such adjustment may facilitate brood reduction under some conditions in this highly asynchronous species.	Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Budden, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.	aebudden@nature.berkeley.edu	Budden, Amber/A-2829-2010; Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012	Budden, Amber/0000-0003-2885-3980; 			Amundsen T, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P545, DOI 10.2307/5735; AMUNDSEN T, 1995, CONDOR, V97, P345, DOI 10.2307/1369020; Beissinger S.R., 1992, P73; BEISSINGER SR, 1991, AUK, V108, P863; Bize P, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V132, P231, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0980-y; Blomqvist D, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V110, P18, DOI 10.1007/s004420050128; Budden AE, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P607, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh052; Christians JK, 2002, BIOL REV, V77, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005784; CLARK AB, 1981, Q REV BIOL, V56, P253, DOI 10.1086/412316; Clutton-Brock T. 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J	Rezende, EL; Gomes, FR; Ghalambor, CK; Russell, GA; Chappell, MA				Rezende, EL; Gomes, FR; Ghalambor, CK; Russell, GA; Chappell, MA			An evolutionary frame of work to study physiological adaptation to high altitudes	REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL			English	Article						adaptation; evolutionary processes; natural selection; life-history; oxygen availability; phenotypic plasticity	CHAIN HEMOGLOBIN POLYMORPHISMS; LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL-SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; DEER MICE; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; POECILIA-RETICULATA; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; PARENTAL CARE	How complex physiological systems evolve is one of the major questions in evolutionary physiology. For example, how traits interact at the physiological and genetic level, what are the roles of development and plasticity in Darwinian evolution, and eventually how physiological traits will evolve, remains poorly understood. In this article we summarize the current frame of work evolutionary physiologists are employing to study the evolution of physiological adaptations, as well as the role of developmental and reversible phenotypic plasticity in this context. We also highlight representative examples of how the integration of evolutionary and developmental physiology, concomitantly with the mechanistic understanding of physiological systems, can provide a deeper insight oil how endothermic vertebrates could cope with reduced ambient temperatures and oxygen availability characteristic of high altitude environments. In this context, high attitude offers a unique system to study the evolution of physiological traits, and we believe much call be gained by integrating theoretical and empirical knowledge from evolutionary biology, such as life-history theory or the comparative method, with the mechanistic understanding of physiological processes.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; Univ California, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA	Rezende, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	enrico.rezende@email.ucr.edu	Rezende, Enrico/B-8029-2012; Gomes, Fernando/C-5997-2012	Rezende, Enrico/0000-0002-6245-9605; 			ALEXANDER RM, 1982, OPTIMA ANIMALS; Altshuler DL, 2002, J EXP BIOL, V205, P2325; Bacigalupe LD, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P421, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01657.x; Badyaev AV, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P2948, DOI 10.2307/2679973; Badyaev AV, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V111, P365, DOI 10.1007/s004420050247; Bassett DR, 2000, MED SCI SPORT EXER, V32, P70, DOI 10.1097/00005768-200001000-00012; BEATTIE J, 1975, AM J PHYSIOL, V228, P1346; Blomberg SP, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00285.x; BRONSON MT, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P272, DOI 10.2307/1937655; Brutsaert TD, 2001, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V502, P133; CHAPPELL MA, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P5484, DOI 10.1073/pnas.81.17.5484; Dohm MR, 2001, GENETICS, V159, P267; Dohm MR, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P273; Dzialowski EM, 2002, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V131, P713, DOI 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00009-0; FALCONER DS, 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE; Feder ME, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P315, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.315; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; FISHER R. 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J	Hanssen, SA; Hasselquist, D; Folstad, I; Erikstad, KE				Hanssen, SA; Hasselquist, D; Folstad, I; Erikstad, KE			Cost of reproduction in a long-lived bird: incubation effort reduces immune function and future reproduction	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						incubation cost; immune function; life history; precocial; trade-off; seabird	EIDER SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; BROOD SIZE MANIPULATION; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; CLUTCH-SIZE; COMMON EIDERS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PIED FLYCATCHERS; TRADE-OFF	Life-history theory predicts that increased current reproductive effort should lead to a fitness cost. This cost of reproduction may be observed as reduced survival or future reproduction, and may be caused by temporal suppression of immune function in stressed or hard-working individuals. In birds, consideration of the costs of incubating eggs has largely been neglected in favour of the costs of brood rearing. We manipulated incubation demand in two breeding seasons (2000 and 2001) in female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) by creating clutches of three and six eggs (natural range 3-6 eggs). The common eider is a long-lived sea-duck where females do not eat during the incubation period. Mass loss increased and immune function (lymphocyte levels and specific antibody response to the non-pathogenic antigens diphtheria and tetanus toxoid) was reduced in females incubating large clutches. The increased incubation effort among females assigned to large incubation demand did not lead to adverse effects on current reproduction or return rate in the next breeding season. However, large incubation demand resulted in long-term fitness costs through reduced fecundity the year after manipulation. Our data show that in eiders, a long-lived species, the cost of high incubation demand is paid in the currency of reduced future fecundity, possibly mediated by reduced immune function.	Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Dept Arctic Ecol, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway	Hanssen, SA (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.	sveinn.a.hanssen@nina.no	Hanssen, Sveinn Are/C-9989-2009; Hasselquist, Dennis/M-5223-2014	Hanssen, Sveinn Are/0000-0003-1792-435X; Hasselquist, Dennis/0000-0002-0056-6616			BAILLIE SR, 1982, BIRD STUDY, V29, P55, DOI 10.1080/00063658209476738; BIEBACH H, 1981, ARDEA, V69, P141; BIEBACH H, 1984, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V57, P26, DOI 10.1086/physzool.57.1.30155963; BRUUN M, 2002, THESIS LUND U SWEDEN; BUSTNES JO, 1991, CAN J ZOOL, V69, P1538, DOI 10.1139/z91-216; Charlesworth B., 1980, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV EL, 1974, IBIS, V116, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00241.x; Cichon M, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V125, P453, DOI 10.1007/s004420000461; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; COLEMAN RM, 1988, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V23, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF00303710; 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MAY 22	2005	272	1567					1039	1046		10.1098/rspb.2005.3057				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	941GS	WOS:000230203900008	16024362	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Fessler, DMT; Navarrete, CD; Hopkins, W; Izard, MK				Fessler, DMT; Navarrete, CD; Hopkins, W; Izard, MK			Examining the terminal investment hypothesis in humans and chimpanzees: Associations among maternal age, parity, and birth	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY			English	Review						maternal investment; life history; Homo sapiens; Pan troglodytes	SUBSEQUENT MARITAL-STATUS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; FEMALE CHIMPANZEES; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; PRENATAL GROWTH; HUMAN LONGEVITY; BODY BUILD; WEIGHT	The terminal investment hypothesis (Williams [1966] Adaptation and Natural Selection; Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press) holds that reproductive effort should increase over time in iteroparous species in which reproductive value declines with age. Attempts to model this hypothesis and test it in various species have produced mixed results. Clutton-Brock ([1984] Am. Nat. 123:212-229) argued that simply testing for changes in propagule size with age fails to recognize that the costs of producing offspring of a given size may increase over the lifespan, hence absence of a positive correlation does not defeat the hypothesis. However, this interpretation is weakened by evidence of sequential increases in propagule size independent of age, as such changes reveal a capacity to increase absolute investment over time. Humans and chimpanzees meet the preconditions of the terminal investment hypothesis. Surveying the obstetrics literature, we show that the majority of published studies indicate that parity has a positive effect on birth weight, but age has no effect. Analyzing 436 captive chimpanzee births, we document a positive influence of parity and a negative influence of age. 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J. Phys. Anthropol.	MAY	2005	127	1					95	104		10.1002/ajpa.20039				10	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology	915UQ	WOS:000228337200008	15386224				2018-11-12	
J	Aubret, F; Bonnet, X; Shine, R; Maumelat, S				Aubret, F; Bonnet, X; Shine, R; Maumelat, S			Energy expenditure for parental care may be trivial for brooding pythons, Python regius	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article							SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; VIPERA-ASPIS; VIVIPAROUS SNAKE; LITTER SIZE; MOLURUS-BIVITTATUS; CAPITAL BREEDER; HIDDEN COST; WEIGHT-GAIN; CLUTCH SIZE; FOOD-INTAKE	Intensive parental care improves reproductive success. Why, then, do most animal species not provide parental care to their progeny? Life history theory suggests that the costs must be too high unless they are balanced by considerable fitness benefits. The notion that intensive parental care necessarily entails major costs is based both on intuition and on abundant empirical data. We monitored intensive parental care during brooding in 48 female ball pythons in equatorial Africa (south Togo). Female ball pythons remain coiled around their clutch for 2 months and refuse to feed during nest attendance. Surprisingly, brooding females lost less than 6% of their initial body mass over this 2-month period. The magnitude of mass loss was independent of the duration of brooding (experimentally manipulated to 0, 15 or 60 days) or clutch size (normal, enlarged and reduced clutch sizes). Maternal brooding substantially improved hatching success at little energy cost to the female. This paradoxical result reflects the high ambient temperatures in the study area, meaning that only rarely did nest-attending females need to shiver (a costly thermogenic behaviour observed in all python species). The presence of the mother tightly coiled on the clutch reduced water loss and avoided deleterious yolk desiccation. Thus, intensive brooding over a long period does not necessarily entail major energy expenditure for the mother, but none the less can significantly improve reproductive success. Maternal energy costs during brooding (direct expenditure and possible foregone foraging opportunities) were not influenced by clutch size, demonstrating fecundity-independent costs of reproduction. (c) 2005 The Association for the Study or Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Bois Guillaume, France; Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; CNRS, CEBC, Conseil Gen Deux Sevres, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia	Bonnet, X (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Bois Guillaume, France.	bonnet@cebc.cnrs.fr	Shine, Richard/B-8711-2008	Bonnet, Xavier/0000-0001-6150-8199			Ackerman R. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; VANMIEROP LHS, 1978, COPEIA, P615; Veasey JS, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P20, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00476.x; VLECK CM, 1981, CONDOR, V83, P229, DOI 10.2307/1367313; VLECK CM, 1991, PHYS INFLUENCES EMBR, P285; WALLS JG, 1998, LIVING PYTHONS; WEBB DR, 1987, CONDOR, V89, P874, DOI 10.2307/1368537; Weeks SC, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P345, DOI 10.2307/3546263; Williams Joseph B., 1996, P375; WODINSKY J, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P948, DOI 10.1126/science.198.4320.948; WURTMAN JJ, 1976, J NUTR, V106, P697; YORK DS, 1988, HERPETOL J, V6, P210	76	14	14	0	22	ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	LONDON	24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND	0003-3472			ANIM BEHAV	Anim. Behav.	MAY	2005	69		5				1043	1053		10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.09.008				11	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	928NP	WOS:000229278800005					2018-11-12	
J	Marshall, DJ; Keough, MJ				Marshall, DJ; Keough, MJ			Offspring size effects in the marine environment: A field test for a colonial invertebrate	AUSTRAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						carry-over effects; egg size; maternal effect	POST-METAMORPHIC PERFORMANCE; LARVAL SWIMMING DURATION; BUGULA-NERITINA BRYOZOA; EGG SIZE; POSTSETTLEMENT MORTALITY; FERTILIZATION KINETICS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; MATERNAL SIZE; EVOLUTION; QUALITY	A central tenet of life-history theory is the presence of a trade-off between the size and number of offspring that a female can produce for a given clutch. A crucial assumption of this trade-off is that larger offspring perform better than smaller offspring. Despite the importance of this assumption empirical, field-based tests are rare, especially for marine organisms. We tested this assumption for the marine invertebrate, Diplosoma listerianum, a colonial ascidian that commonly occurs in temperate marine communities. Colonies that came from larger larvae had larger feeding structures than colonies that came from smaller larvae. Colonies that came from larger larvae also had higher survival and growth after 2 weeks in the field than colonies that came from smaller larvae. However, after 3 weeks in the field the colonies began to fragment and we could not detect an effect of larval size. We suggest that offspring size can have strong effects on the initial recruitment of D. listerianum but because of the tendency of this species to fragment, offspring size effects are less persistent in this species than in others.	Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia	Marshall, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.	d.marshall@unsw.edu.au	Marshall, Dustin/A-4185-2008				DAVIS AR, 1988, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V123, P269, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(88)90047-0; Delany J, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V249, P207, DOI 10.3354/meps249207; Einum S, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P756, DOI 10.1086/343876; Einum S, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2095, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0893; GEORGE SB, 1994, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V175, P121, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(94)90179-1; HAVENHAND JN, 1993, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V97, P247, DOI 10.3354/meps097247; Hendry AP, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P387, DOI 10.1086/319316; HUGHES TP, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P818, DOI 10.1086/284677; Hunt HL, 1997, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V155, P269, DOI 10.3354/meps155269; KARLSON RH, 1986, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V28, P245, DOI 10.3354/meps028245; KEOUGH MJ, 1995, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V185, P235, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(94)00154-6; LACK D, 1947, IBIS, V89, P302, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1947.tb04155.x; LEVITAN DR, 1993, AM NAT, V141, P517, DOI 10.1086/285489; LEVITAN DR, 2000, ECOLOGY, V82, P464; Marshall DJ, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P3131, DOI 10.1890/02-0311; Marshall DJ, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V259, P139, DOI 10.3354/meps259139; Marshall DJ, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V246, P153, DOI 10.3354/meps246153; Marshall DJ, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P173, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00257.x; Marshall DJ, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V255, P145, DOI 10.3354/meps255145; Marshall DJ, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V195, P305, DOI 10.3354/meps195305; MCGINLEY MA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P370, DOI 10.1086/284716; Moran AL, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1597, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1597:OSAPIV]2.0.CO;2; Ng TYT, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V257, P77, DOI 10.3354/meps257077; Pechenik JA, 1996, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V199, P137; Pechenik JA, 1998, BIOSCIENCE, V48, P901, DOI 10.2307/1313294; Phillips Alan J. L., 2002, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, V41, P3; Phillips NE, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2562, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2562:EONMLC]2.0.CO;2; Podolsky RD, 1996, AM NAT, V148, P160, DOI 10.1086/285916; Podolsky RD, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P2470; RAMIREZLLODRA ER, 2002, ADV MAR BIOL, V43, P88, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0065-2881(02)43004-0; Sakai S, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P348, DOI 10.1086/319194; Shima JS, 2002, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V235, P303, DOI 10.3354/meps235303; Sinervo B, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1314, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02371.x; SINERVO B, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05198.x; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Styan CA, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P290, DOI 10.1086/286168; THORSON G, 1950, BIOL REV, V25, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1950.tb00585.x; Underwood AJ, 2001, MARINE COMMUNITY ECOLOGY, P183; VANCE RR, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P339, DOI 10.1086/282838; Wendt DE, 1998, BIOL BULL-US, V195, P126, DOI 10.2307/1542820; Wendt DE, 1996, BIOL BULL-US, V191, P224, DOI 10.2307/1542925	42	21	21	0	8	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA	CARLTON	54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA	1442-9985			AUSTRAL ECOL	Austral Ecol.	MAY	2005	30	3					275	280		10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01463.x				6	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	921GN	WOS:000228752300004					2018-11-12	
J	Vigil, JM; Geary, DC; Byrd-Craven, J				Vigil, JM; Geary, DC; Byrd-Craven, J			A life history assessment of early childhood sexual abuse in women	DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY			English	Article						child development; child sexual abuse; menarche; life history theory; evolution	MALTREATMENT RESEARCH; FATHER ABSENCE; AGE; INTERCOURSE; SOCIALIZATION; STRATEGIES; EXPERIENCE; MENARCHE; GIRLS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY	Life history theory provided a framework for examining the relations among child sexual abuse (CSA), childhood adversity, and patterns of reproductive development and behavior. A community survey that assessed CSA, life history variables (e.g., age of menarche), and social and family background was administered to 623 women (mean age = 26.9 years). Independent of social and family background, CSA was associated with earlier age of (a) menarche, (b) first sexual relationship, (c) desire to have children, (d) first childbirth, and (e) lower self-evaluated physical attractiveness. Cluster analyses revealed different patterns of experiential correlates of reproductive development within the group of abused women, suggesting CSA may operate in combination with other childhood circumstances to modify the timing and pattern of individual maturation.	Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA	Vigil, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.	jmv427@mizzou.edu	Vigil, Jacob/D-6044-2013				Alexander R. 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Psychol.	MAY	2005	41	3					553	561		10.1037/0012-1649.41.3.553				9	Psychology, Developmental	Psychology	929HD	WOS:000229331800009	15910162				2018-11-12	
J	Vorburger, C				Vorburger, C			Positive genetic correlations among major life-history traits related to ecological success in the aphid Myzus persicae	EVOLUTION			English	Article						cost of acquisition; genetic correlations; heterozygosity; life-history evolution; microsatellites; Myzus persicae; resources; trade-offs	PEACH-POTATO APHID; LARVAL COMPETITIVE ABILITY; HOST PLANT ADAPTATION; TRADE-OFF; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PARASITOID RESISTANCE; DAPHNIA-PULEX; EVOLUTION; SPECIALIZATION; MUTATION	Life-history theory is based on the assumption that evolution is constrained by trade-offs among different traits that contribute to fitness. Such trade-offs should be evident from negative genetic correlations among major life-history traits. However, this expectation is not always met. Here I report the results of a life-table experiment designed to measure the broad-sense heritabilities of life-history traits and their genetic correlations in 19 different clones of the aphid Myzus persicae from Victoria, Australia. Most individual traits, as well as fitness calculated as the finite rate of increase from the life table, exhibited highly significant heritabilities. The pattern of genetic correlations revealed absolutely no evidence for life-history trade-offs. Rather, life histories were arranged along an axis from better to worse. Clones with shorter development times tended to have larger body sizes, higher fecundities, and larger offspring. The fitness of clones estimated from the life table in the laboratory tended to be positively associated with their abundance in the field. Fitness also increased significantly with heterozygosity at the seven microsatellite loci that were used to distinguish clones and estimate their frequencies in the field. I discuss these findings in light of a recent proposition that positive genetic correlations among life-history traits for which trade-offs are expected can be explained by genetic variation for resource acquisition ability that is maintained in populations by a cost of acquisition, and I propose ways to test for such a cost in M. persicae.	La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia	Vorburger, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.	chrisvor@zool.unizh.ch	Vorburger, Christoph/A-1650-2008	Vorburger, Christoph/0000-0002-3627-0841			Becker W A., 1992, MANUAL QUANTITATIVE; Blackman RL, 2000, APHIDS WORLDS CROPS; CHARLESWORTH B, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P520, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05936.x; DEJONG G, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P749, DOI 10.1086/285356; Edwards OR, 2001, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V100, P21, DOI 10.1023/A:1019202917690; Falconer DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; Fellowes MDE, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1302, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04544.x; Ferrari J, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1805; Fry JD, 1996, AM NAT, V148, pS84, DOI 10.1086/285904; GILLESPIE JH, 1989, GENETICS, V121, P129; Hawthorne DJ, 2001, NATURE, V412, P904, DOI 10.1038/35091062; HEDRICK PW, 1986, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V17, P535; HENTER HJ, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P427, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02275.x; HOULE D, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P630, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04334.x; Houle D, 1996, GENETICS, V143, P1467; HOULE D, 1994, GENETICS, V138, P773; Hufbauer RA, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1435, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05408.x; JAENIKE J, 1990, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V21, P243, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001331; JOSHI A, 1995, EVOL ECOL, V9, P82, DOI 10.1007/BF01237699; Kraaijeveld AR, 1997, NATURE, V389, P278; Kraaijeveld AR, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P259, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1354; LANDE R, 1975, GENET RES, V26, P221, DOI 10.1017/S0016672300016037; LENSKI RE, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P655, DOI 10.2307/1936785; LYNCH M, 1985, EVOLUTION, V39, P804, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00422.x; Lynch M, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P645, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05361.x; LYNCH M, 1988, GENET RES, V51, P137, DOI 10.1017/S0016672300024150; Lynch M, 1998, GENETICS ANAL QUANTI; Mackenzie A, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb04482.x; Reznick D, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01941-8; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; RICE WR, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P223, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04220.x; Roff D. 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J	Friedl, TWP; Edler, R				Friedl, TWP; Edler, R			Stress-dependent trade-off between immunological condition and reproductive performance in the polygynous red bishop (Euplectes orix)	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						among-season variability; condition-dependent trade-off; heterophile/lymphocyte ratio; male quality; stress-induced immunosuppression	BROOD SIZE MANIPULATION; HEALTH STATE INDEXES; MALE BARN SWALLOWS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GREAT TITS; PIED FLYCATCHERS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; HIRUNDO-RUSTICA	According to life-history theory, a condition-dependent trade-off between reproductive performance and immune function might be expected, with only superior individuals being able to allocate many resources into reproduction without having detrimental effects on their immune system. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that annual variations in environmentally and socially induced stress levels modify this trade-off. We analysed haematological parameters and investigated the relationship between male immunological condition and reproductive performance as measured by reproductive effort and success in a colony of the highly polygynous red bishop (Euplectes orix) for five consecutive breeding seasons. Haematological parameters can be used to assess an individuals' stress level, and especially the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio) is known to increase in response to a wide variety of stressors. Relative basophile counts, heterophile counts, lymphocyte counts, absolute leukocyte counts and H/L ratios of territorial males varied significantly among seasons. Both relative heterophile counts and H/L ratios were significantly positive related to overall breeding activity within the colony as measured in terms of total number of nests accepted and total number of eggs laid in the study colony within a breeding season. The relationship between immunological condition (as assessed by relative lymphocyte and heterophil counts and the H/L ratio) and both male reproductive effort (as measured by the number of nests built by the territorial males) and reproductive success (as measured by the number of nests accepted) varied considerably among seasons, ranging from significant negative to significant positive correlations. Across seasons, we found a significant negative relationship between the within-season correlation coefficients of individual H/L ratios against reproductive performance and the average H/L ratio of all territorial males in that season. Thus, a positive association between the immunological condition of a male and his reproductive performance (indicated by a negative correlation between H/L ratio and reproductive performance) exists only in seasons with high average H/L ratios (i.e. high average stress levels). We conclude that the trade-off between immunological condition and male reproductive performance might be important only in seasons with an overall reduced level of male immunological condition due to environmentally and/or socially induced stress and immunosuppressive conditions.	Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, AG Zoophysiol & Verhalten, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany	Friedl, TWP (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, AG Zoophysiol & Verhalten, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, POB 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.	thomas.friedl@uni-oldenburg.de	Friedl, Thomas/K-5305-2013	Friedl, Thomas/0000-0002-4773-8067			Acquarone C, 2002, J ORNITHOL, V143, P351, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0361.2002.02015.x; Apanius V, 1998, ADV STUD BEHAV, V27, P133; Birkhead TR, 1998, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V44, P179, DOI 10.1007/s002650050530; Bonneaud C, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P367, DOI 10.1086/346134; Bortz J., 1990, VERTEILUNGSFREIE MET; CAMPBELL TW, 1995, AVIAN HEMATOLOGY CYT; Christe P, 2002, J AVIAN BIOL, V33, P321, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.330317.x; Crawley MJ, 1993, GLIM ECOLOGISTS; Deerenberg C, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1021, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0141; Duffy DL, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P847, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1956; Friedl TWP, 1999, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V46, P387, DOI 10.1007/s002650050634; Friedl TWP, 2002, OSTRICH, V73, P181, DOI 10.1080/00306525.2002.11446748; GROSS WB, 1983, AVIAN DIS, V27, P972, DOI 10.2307/1590198; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; Hanssen SA, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P925, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2678; Hoi-Leitner M, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P333, DOI 10.1007/s002650000310; Horak P, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P750, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00244.x; Horak P, 2002, CAN J ZOOL, V80, P636, DOI 10.1139/Z02-038; Ilmonen P, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V130, P199, DOI 10.1007/s004420100804; Ilmonen P, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V136, P148, DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1243-2; Kilpimaa J, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P245, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2568; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; LOCHMILLER RL, 1993, AUK, V110, P503, DOI 10.2307/4088414; Lozano GA, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1203, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2309; Martin LB, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P153, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2185; MAXWELL MH, 1993, WORLD POULTRY SCI J, V49, P34, DOI 10.1079/WPS19930004; Maxwell MH, 1998, WORLD POULTRY SCI J, V54, P155, DOI 10.1079/WPS19980012; Moller AP, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P248, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.2.248; Moreno J, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1105, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0750; Moreno J, 2002, ECOSCIENCE, V9, P434, DOI 10.1080/11956860.2002.11682731; Nordling D, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1291, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0432; Norris K, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P19, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.19; Ots I, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P700, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00219.x; Ots I, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1443, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0210; Ots I, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1175, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1636; Raberg L, 2000, ECOL LETT, V3, P382, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00154.x; Saino N, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P364, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.4.364; Saino N, 1995, BEHAV ECOL, V6, P397, DOI 10.1093/beheco/6.4.397; Saino N, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P169, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.2.169; Saks L, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V134, P301, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-1125-z; Samour J., 2000, AVIAN MED; SAPOLSKY R M, 1992, P287; Schmid-Hempel P, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P357, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2265; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; SIEGEL HS, 1995, BRIT POULTRY SCI, V36, P3, DOI 10.1080/00071669508417748; Siegel S, 1988, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Svensson E, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P912, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00271.x; Verhulst S, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P132, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00165.x; Verhulst Simon, 2002, Avian Science, V2, P199; Westneat DF, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1065, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0400; Whitaker S, 2002, OIKOS, V99, P161, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990116.x; Zar J.H, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL; Zuk M, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1631, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0481	55	12	13	0	10	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0269-7653	1573-8477		EVOL ECOL	Evol. Ecol.	MAY	2005	19	3					221	239		10.1007/s10682-005-0509-z				19	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	964LF	WOS:000231881900002					2018-11-12	
J	Uller, T; Eklof, J; Andersson, S				Uller, T; Eklof, J; Andersson, S			Female egg investment in relation to male sexual traits and the potential for transgenerational effects in sexual selection	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY			English	Article						differential allocation; maternal effect; sexual selection	DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION HYPOTHESIS; MALE ATTRACTIVENESS; YOLK TESTOSTERONE; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; BENEFITS; HORMONES; QUAIL; DOMESTICUS; MECHANISMS	Life-history theory predicts that individuals should increase their reproductive effort when the fitness return from reproduction is high. Females mated with high-quality males are therefore expected to have higher investment than females mated with low-quality males, which could bias estimates of paternal effects. Investigating the traits females use in their allocation decisions and the aspects of reproduction that are altered is essential for understanding how sexual selection is affected. We studied the potential for differential female allocation in a captive population of a precocial bird, the Chinese quail, Coturnix chinensis. Females paired with males with large sexual ornaments laid larger, but not more, eggs than females paired with males with small sexual ornaments. Furthermore, female egg mass was also significantly positively affected by male testis size, probably via some unknown effect of testis size on male phenotype. Testis size and ornament size were not correlated. Thus, both primary and secondary male sexual traits could be important components of female allocation decisions. Experimental manipulation of hormone levels during embryonic development showed that both male and female traits influencing female egg size were sensitive to early hormone exposure. Differences in prenatal hormone exposure as a result of maternal steroid allocation to eggs may explain some of the variation in reproductive success among individuals, with important implications for nongenetic transgenerational effects in sexual selection.	Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden	Uller, T (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Dept Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.	uller@uow.edu.au					ADKINSREGAN E, 1982, HORM BEHAV, V16, P259, DOI 10.1016/0018-506X(82)90026-5; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Andersson S, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P501, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00706.x; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; Birkhead T, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P86, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01803-0; Buchanan KL, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1337, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1669; BURLEY N, 1986, AM NAT, V127, P415, DOI 10.1086/284493; BURLEY N, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P611, DOI 10.1086/284877; Christians JK, 2002, BIOL REV, V77, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005784; Clark MM, 1998, MATERNAL EFFECTS AS ADAPTATIONS, P261; CLARK MM, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V43, P215, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80217-9; Cunningham EJA, 2000, NATURE, V404, P74, DOI 10.1038/35003565; DELHOYO J, 1994, HDEB BIRDS WORLD, V2; DICKINSON S L, 1990, Journal of Psychopharmacology, V4, P90, DOI 10.1177/026988119000400207; Dufty AM, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02498-9; Gil D, 2004, HORM BEHAV, V45, P64, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.08.005; Gil D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5437.126; Gil D, 2003, ARDEOLA, V50, P281; Hackl R, 2003, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V173, P327, DOI 10.1007/s00360-003-0339-7; Jennions MD, 2000, BIOL REV, V75, P21, DOI 10.1017/S0006323199005423; Kimball RT, 1999, AM NAT, V154, P182, DOI 10.1086/303228; Kolm N, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P2229, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1792; Kotiaho JS, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P852, DOI 10.1086/375173; Lovern MB, 2003, J EXP ZOOL PART A, V295A, P206, DOI 10.1002/jez.a.10225; Mazuc J, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P340, DOI 10.1093/beheco/14.3.340; Moller AP, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P85, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0607; Moller AP, 2001, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V88, P401, DOI 10.1007/s001140100255; Moore AJ, 1998, MATERNAL EFFECTS AS ADAPTATIONS, P22; Moore IT, 2002, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V129, P13, DOI 10.1016/S0016-6480(02)00563-4; Muller W, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2249, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2159; Nishibori M, 2002, J HERED, V93, P439, DOI 10.1093/jhered/93.6.439; OWENS IPF, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P44, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88967-3; PETRIE M, 1993, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V251, P127, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1993.0018; Petrie M, 2001, NATURE, V412, P498, DOI 10.1038/35087652; Pizzari T, 2003, BEHAV ECOL, V14, P593, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arg048; Quinn GP, 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; Qvarnstrom A, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P498, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01513-4; Qvarnstrom A, 2001, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V16, P95, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)02063-2; Rodriguez-Teijeiro JD, 2003, ETHOLOGY, V109, P291, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00873.x; Roff Derek A., 1992; Rohde PA, 1999, ETHOLOGY, V105, P651, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0310.1999.00444.x; Rowe L, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1415, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0207; Ryan BC, 2002, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V26, P665, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00038-6; SAAL FSV, 1989, J ANIM SCI, V67, P1824; Saether SA, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P1227, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0767; SCHWABL H, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P11446, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11446; Sheldon BC, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P397, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01953-4; Sockman KW, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P1451, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1163; Staub NL, 1997, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V108, P1, DOI 10.1006/gcen.1997.6962; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Uller T, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2511; Vezina F, 2002, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V75, P377, DOI 10.1086/343137; Wedell N, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02533-8; WILLIAMS TD, 1994, BIOL REV, V69, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1994.tb01485.x; Young RL, 2004, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V17, P1355, DOI 10.1111/j.1420.9101.2004.00762.x	55	72	72	1	40	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0340-5443	1432-0762		BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.	APR	2005	57	6					584	590		10.1007/s00265-004-0886-2				7	Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	924RF	WOS:000228997300007					2018-11-12	
J	Reznick, DN; Ghalambor, CK				Reznick, DN; Ghalambor, CK			Can commercial fishing cause evolution? Answers from guppies (Poecilia reticulata)	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management	AUG 11-14, 2003	Quebec City, CANADA				LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; RAPID EVOLUTION; MARINE FISHES; GENETIC-BASIS; NORTH-SEA; PREDATION; SELECTION; RECOVERY	Life history theory predicts that high adult mortality rates select for earlier maturity and increased reproduction. If such evolution occurs in response to the commercial exploitation of natural fish populations, then the correlated reduction in body size would reduce the yield of the fishery. Earlier maturity and reduced body size are seen in commercially exploited populations. Here, we compare the life histories of natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) from Trinidad that live in either high- or low-predation environments, which serve as surrogates for the presence or absence of commercial fishing. We can quantify mortality rate and life history variables, including age and size at maturity, in the laboratory and in nature. We have manipulated mortality rates in nature and measured the rate of evolution. High mortality selects for earlier maturity at a smaller size, as observed in commercial fisheries and as predicted by theory. Furthermore, the nature and magnitude of predator-induced mortality are comparable to those caused by commercial fishing. The rate of evolution in guppies predicts similar evolution in commercial fisheries on a time scale of decades. These attributes support arguments that humans, like predators, have acted as an agent of selection when exploiting populations of fish.	Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA	Reznick, DN (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.	david.reznick@ucr.edu					Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; Bryant MJ, 2004, AM NAT, V163, P55, DOI 10.1086/380650; CARVALHO GR, 1991, BIOL J LINN SOC, V42, P389, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00571.x; Conover DO, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P94, DOI 10.1126/science.1074085; Darwin C., 1859, ORIGIN SPECIES MEANS; De Roos AM, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P12907, DOI 10.1073/pnas.192174199; Endler J.A., 1978, Evolutionary Biology (New York), V11, P319; ENDLER JA, 1980, EVOLUTION, V34, P76, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04790.x; FAJEN A, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P1457, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01136.x; Falconer DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; Gardmark A, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P239; GINGERICH PD, 1983, SCIENCE, V222, P159, DOI 10.1126/science.222.4620.159; Greenstreet SPR, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P577, DOI 10.2307/5738; Grether GF, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1546, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1546:RFCCRA]2.0.CO;2; Haugen TO, 2001, GENETICA, V112, P475, DOI 10.1023/A:1013315116795; Heino M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P1971, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1971; Hendry A. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Thompson JN, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P329, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01378-0	49	85	91	0	34	CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS	OTTAWA	65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA	0706-652X	1205-7533		CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI	Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.	APR	2005	62	4					791	801		10.1139/F05-079				11	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	930LB	WOS:000229416200008					2018-11-12	
J	Rijnsdorp, AD; Grift, RE; Kraak, SBM				Rijnsdorp, AD; Grift, RE; Kraak, SBM			Fisheries-induced adaptive change in reproductive investment in North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)?	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management	AUG 11-14, 2003	Quebec City, CANADA				COD GADUS-MORHUA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; BEAM-TRAWL EFFORT; REACTION NORMS; SOMATIC GROWTH; TRADE-OFFS; MATURATION; FECUNDITY; SIZE; AGE	Life history theory predicts that fishing may select for increased reproductive investment. A model of the reaction norm for reproductive investment in a capital breeder was developed to disentangle changes in reproductive investment from changes in growth rate in North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Trends in reproductive investment since 1960 were estimated as (i) the decrease in body weight of mature males and females between the start and end of the spawning period, (ii) the difference in weight of ripe and spent females, and (iii) the ovary weight of prespawning females. These estimates were related to somatic growth estimated by back-calculation of otoliths and temperature. The ovary weight and weight loss of females that had just started and just finished spawning did not reveal any trends. There was a significant increase in weight loss over the spawning season in both sexes, but much of this increase was likely due to changes in environmental conditions. Evidence for a fisheries-induced change in reproductive investment from our analyses thus remained inconclusive. However, fecundity and ovary-weight data from previous studies tentatively suggest that an increase in reproductive investment occurred between the late 1940s and the 1960s. Such an increase is consistent with a fisheries-induced evolutionary change.	Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Netherlands Inst Fisheries Res, Anim Sci Grp, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands	Rijnsdorp, AD (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Netherlands Inst Fisheries Res, Anim Sci Grp, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.	adriaan.rijnsdorp@wur.nl	Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/A-4217-2008	Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/0000-0003-0785-9662			Barot S, 2004, ECOL APPL, V14, P1257, DOI 10.1890/03-5066; BARR WA, 1963, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V3, P197, DOI 10.1016/0016-6480(63)90014-5; Bolle LJ, 2004, J SEA RES, V51, P313, DOI 10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.001; Burton M. 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C., 1951, Fish Invest, V17, P1; SIMPSON AC, 1959, FISH INVEST LOND 2, V22, P111; Sinclair AF, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P361, DOI 10.1139/F02-015; Solmundsson J, 2003, FISH RES, V61, P57, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00212-6; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P893, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00560.x; Stokes T. K., 1993, LECT NOTES BIOMATHEM, V99; Todd RA, 1914, FISHERIES INVESTIGAT, V2, P131; TRIPPEL EA, 1995, BIOSCIENCE, V45, P759, DOI 10.2307/1312628; TYLER CR, 1994, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V13, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF00003435; VANDERLAND MA, 1991, NETH J SEA RES, V27, P277, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(91)90030-5; WITTHAMES PR, 1995, AQUAT LIVING RESOUR, V8, P91, DOI 10.1051/alr:1995007	59	52	52	0	20	CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS	OTTAWA	65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA	0706-652X	1205-7533		CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI	Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.	APR	2005	62	4					833	843		10.1139/F05-039				11	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology	930LB	WOS:000229416200012					2018-11-12	
J	Drilling, CC; Grober, MS				Drilling, CC; Grober, MS			An initial description of alternative male reproductive phenotypes in the bluebanded goby, Lythrypnus dalli (Teleostei, Gobiidae)	ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES			English	Article						accessory gonadal structure; parasite; sneaker; density; sperm competition	ZOSTERISESSOR-OPHIOCEPHALUS TELEOSTEI; CORAL-REEF FISH; SWORDTAIL XIPHOPHORUS-NIGRENSIS; MALE BLUEGILL SUNFISH; SPERM COMPETITION; SALARIA-PAVO; GRASS GOBY; SEX-CHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN WRASSE; ANTHIAS-SQUAMIPINNIS	Contrary to the generally accepted life history theory regarding sequential hermaphroditism ('size-advantage model'), we have recently identified "Cymini males" in Lythrypnus dalli, the bluebanded goby. These are small (female-sized) fish that appear male based on their external genitalia. We investigated the reproductive anatomy and demography of these mini males. Based on their small size and the sexual plasticity of this species, we expected that mini males are not actually reproductively functioning males. However, when we examined their gonad anatomy, with particular attention to the male-typical accessory gonadal structure (AGS), we found that mini males have gonads that are comparable to those of nesting males in relative size and the percentage of tissue that is 'male' (testicular and AGS). Although this is contradictory to theories of sperm competition in alternative male phenotypes, reproductive strategies of these two types of males were clearly distinguishable based on their AGS content - as described in other examinations of differing ejaculate quality in alternative male phenotypes in the Gobiidae. Regular sampling of the L. dalli population showed that mini males make up a small fraction of the small size classes and that as the breeding season progressed, mini male frequency decreased and standard length increased significantly - thus allowing us to discuss their role within the social system. Based on these findings as well as comparisons with other species with multiple male phenotypes, we can begin to categorize L. dalli males as either bourgeois or parasitic, primarily based on their secondary sex characteristics and AGS contents.	Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA	Drilling, CC (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, MSC 8L0389,33 Gilmer St SE Unit 8, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.	mgrober@gsu.edu					ALMADA VC, 1995, ANIM BEHAV, V49, P1125, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1995.0142; ALMADA VC, 1994, J FISH BIOL, V45, P819, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb00947.x; Alonzo SH, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P997; Alonzo SH, 2000, BEHAV ECOL, V11, P56, DOI 10.1093/beheco/11.1.56; AVISE JC, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P1051, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00572.x; Barni A, 2001, J FISH BIOL, V58, P1557, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1560; BASS A, 1992, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V15, P139, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90356-D; BASS AH, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V286, P141, DOI 10.1002/cne.902860202; BEHRENTS KC, 1987, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V107, P45, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(87)90122-5; BEHRENTS KC, 1983, THESIS U SO CALIFORN; Carlisle SL, 2000, J FISH BIOL, V57, P445, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2000.1320; COLE KS, 1988, B MAR SCI, V42, P317; Cole KS, 2001, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V61, P161, DOI 10.1023/A:1011032228716; DOMINEY WJ, 1980, NATURE, V284, P546, DOI 10.1038/284546a0; Fishelson L., 1989, Senckenbergiana Maritima, V20, P147; FISHELSON L, 1991, JPN J ICHTHYOL, V38, P17; Forrester GE, 1999, CORAL REEFS, V18, P85, DOI 10.1007/s003380050159; Gage MJG, 1995, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V350, P391, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1995.0173; GHISELIN MT, 1969, Q REV BIOL, V44, P189, DOI 10.1086/406066; Grober Matthew S., 1998, Acta Ethologica, V1, P3; GROSS MR, 1991, PHILOS T R SOC B, V332, P59, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1991.0033; GROSS MR, 1980, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V77, P6937, DOI 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6937; Hartney KB, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P506, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0908-6; LAHNSTEINER F, 1992, ZOOMORPHOLOGY, V111, P239, DOI 10.1007/BF01633012; Leach B, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P31, DOI 10.1007/s002650000268; Mazzoldi C, 2000, MAR BIOL, V137, P1041, DOI 10.1007/s002270000417; MILLER DJ, 1972, FISH B CALIFORNIA DE, V157; Miller P.J., 1984, P119; Oliveira RF, 2001, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V58, P28, DOI 10.1159/000047259; PARKER GA, 1982, J THEOR BIOL, V96, P281, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90225-9; PARKER GA, 1990, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V242, P127, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1990.0115; PARKER GA, 1970, BIOL REV, V45, P525, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1970.tb01176.x; Reavis Robert H., 1999, Acta Ethologica, V2, P51, DOI 10.1007/PL00012232; RUCHON F, 1995, J FISH BIOL, V47, P826, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06005.x; RYAN MJ, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P21, DOI 10.1086/285311; RYAN MJ, 1990, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V26, P231; RYAN MJ, 2001, FISH AMPHIBIAN REPTI, P133; SADOVY Y, 1987, COPEIA, P136, DOI 10.2307/1446046; Scaggiante M, 1999, J EXP ZOOL, V283, P81, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990101)283:1<81::AID-JEZ9>3.0.CO;2-9; SCHREIBMAN MP, 1977, J EXP ZOOL, V200, P277, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402000209; SHAPIRO DY, 1981, J ZOOL, V193, P105; SHAPIRO DY, 1984, FISH REPROD STRATEGI, P103; Soljan T., 1930, Zeitschrift fuer Morphologie und Oekologie der Tiere Berlin, V17, P145, DOI 10.1007/BF00406256; Steele MA, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P129, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[0129:TRIOPA]2.0.CO;2; Steele MA, 1996, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V198, P249, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(96)00011-1; STMARY CM, 1993, COPEIA, P1062; StMary CM, 1997, AM NAT, V150, P73, DOI 10.1086/286057; STMARY CM, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P304; Stockley P, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P933, DOI 10.1086/286031; Taborsky M, 2001, J HERED, V92, P100, DOI 10.1093/jhered/92.2.100; TABORSKY M, 1987, BEHAVIOUR, V102, P82, DOI 10.1163/156853986X00063; TABORSKY M, 1994, ADV STUD BEHAV, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60351-4; VANDENBERGHE EP, 1989, ANIM BEHAV, V38, P875, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(89)80119-8; WARNER R, 1978, SMITHSON CONTRIB ZOO, V255, P1; WARNER RR, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V262, P135, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0187; WARNER RR, 1984, AM SCI, V72, P128; WARNER RR, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P61, DOI 10.1086/282974; WARNER RR, 1991, BIOL BULL-US, V181, P199, DOI 10.2307/1542090; WARNER RR, 1988, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V3, P133, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(88)90176-0; WILEY JW, 1976, SAN DIEGO SOC NAT HI, V18, P169; Wilson J, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V130, P205, DOI 10.1007/s004420100784; ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	62	27	27	0	8	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0378-1909			ENVIRON BIOL FISH	Environ. Biol. Fishes	APR	2005	72	4					361	372		10.1007/s10641-004-2590-5				12	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology	922ZI	WOS:000228878000001					2018-11-12	
J	Poorter, L; Zuidema, PA; Pena-Claros, M; Boot, RGA				Poorter, L; Zuidema, PA; Pena-Claros, M; Boot, RGA			A monocarpic tree species in a polycarpic world: how can Tachigali vasquezii maintain itself so successfully in a tropical rain forest community?	JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY			English	Article						demography; life history; matrix population model; monocarpy; reproduction; Tachigali vasquezii; tropical rain forest	VERSICOLOR; BALANCE; TRAITS; SEED	1 Although monocarpy is rare among long-lived plant species that grow in stable habitats, one monocarpic species, Tachigali vasquezii, is extremely abundant in the rain forests of the Bolivian Amazon. We analyse how T. vasquezii is able to maintain itself successfully by comparing its life-history traits with those of polycarpic tree species of the same community. We then evaluate the relative importance of such traits using population matrix models. 2 Monocarpic species are expected to have a high fecundity. Seed production per basal area for T. vasquezii is indeed nearly twice that of an average polycarpic species, but this is not sufficient to maintain stable populations. 3 Life-history theory predicts that a monocarpic strategy is advantageous if juvenile survival rates are high compared with adult survival. Although seedlings of T. vasquezii have a lower mortality rate than polycarpic species, its sapling have higher mortality. 4 We found that the success of T. vasquezii is due to its very high diameter growth rates in the larger size classes, which are four times higher than that of an average, co-occurring polycarpic species. Fast diameter growth is enabled by investment in large, leafy crowns and by a low wood density. Applying this high diameter growth in a population model yielded a population growth rate close to that of polycarpic species. Life table response experiment analysis of Tachigali and polycarp models showed that higher growth compensated for the negative demographic effect of 100% adult mortality following reproduction. 5 Rapid growth enables T. vasquezii to reach reproductive maturity in only 49 years, compared with 79 years for an average polycarpic species. It also reduces the risk of dying before reproducing, and 50% more seedlings survive to maturity for T. vasquezii compared with polycarpic species. 6 The dramatic negative demographic consequences of one-time flowering can therefore be completely balanced by taking a shorter time to reach maturity. Taking a time perspective, it appears that Tachigali vasquezii has an advanced, rather than a delayed, reproduction.	Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Univ Utrecht, Dept Plant Ecol, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands; PROMAB, Roberalta, Bolivia; IBIF, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Trop Int, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands	Poorter, L (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.	lourens.poorter@wur.nl	Zuidema, Pieter/C-8951-2009	Zuidema, Pieter/0000-0001-8100-1168			ALVERSON WS, 2000, 1 FIELD MUS RAP BIOL; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CLARK DA, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P315, DOI 10.2307/2937114; COCHRAN ME, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P345, DOI 10.2307/2937115; de Kroon H, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P607, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0607:EAROMA]2.0.CO;2; Forget PM, 1999, J TROP ECOL, V15, P61, DOI 10.1017/S026646749900067X; FOSTER RB, 1977, NATURE, V268, P624, DOI 10.1038/268624b0; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; GUTIERREZROJAS VH, 2000, SERIE TECNICA, V11; Hunt R, 1978, PLANT GROWTH ANAL; JANZEN DH, 1976, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V7, P347, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.07.110176.002023; KITAJIMA K, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1102, DOI 10.2307/1941379; Metcalf JC, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P471, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00162-9; MULLERLANDAU HC, 2001, THESIS PRINCETON U P; Pena-Claros M, 2003, BIOTROPICA, V35, P450; PENACLAROS M, 2001, PROMAB SCI SERIES, V3; Poorter H, 1998, INHERENT VARIATION IN PLANT GROWTH, P309; Poorter L, 2003, PLANT ECOL, V166, P295, DOI 10.1023/A:1023295806147; Poorter L, 2004, PLANT BIOLOGY, V6, P746, DOI 10.1055/s-2004-821269; Poorter L, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P1464, DOI 10.2307/2656927; Poorter L, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P396, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00332.x; POORTER L, 2001, 2 PROMAB; Richards P.W., 1996, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Stearns S. 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J	Livnat, A; Pacala, SW; Levin, SA				Livnat, A; Pacala, SW; Levin, SA			The evolution of intergenerational discounting in offspring quality	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						offspring quality; parent-offspring conflict; inclusive fitness; maternal effects; intergenerational effects; mutation-selection balance	HYENA CROCUTA-CROCUTA; NATURAL-SELECTION; OPTIMAL RATES; CLUTCH-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; DISPERSAL STRATEGIES; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SEX-RATIO	Intergenerational effects occur when an individual's actions affect not only its own survivorship and reproduction but also those of its offspring and possibly later descendants. In the presence of intergenerational effects, short-term and long-term measures of success ( such as the expected numbers of surviving offspring and of farther descendants, respectively) may be in conflict. When such conflicts occur, life-history theory normally takes long-term measures to predict the outcome of selection. This ignores the fact that, because traits change in time - through mutation, sex, and recombination long- term relations disintegrate. We study this issue with numerical simulations and analytical models combining intergenerational effects and evolutionary change. In the models, the parental investment per offspring, as well as the total reproductive effort, stand for investments in future generations. The models show that the rate of evolutionary change determines the level of those investments. Higher rates of mutation and of sexual as opposed to parthenogenetic reproduction favor lower parental investment per offspring and lower total reproductive effort. It follows that the level of investment of ancestors in descendants responds to the genetic relatedness between the generations of the lineage, in a manner unaccounted for by preexisting theory.	Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA	Livnat, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.	alivnat@princeton.edu; pacala@princeton.edu; slevin@princeton.edu					Alberts B., 1994, MOL BIOL CELL; Altmann J, 2003, OFFSPRING, P140; ANDERSSON M, 1978, AM NAT, V112, P762, DOI 10.1086/283317; Apaloo J, 1997, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V52, P71; AXELROD R, 1981, SCIENCE, V211, P1390, DOI 10.1126/science.7466396; Axelrod Robert M., 1984, EVOLUTION COOPERATIO; BALKAU BJ, 1973, GENETICS, V74, P171; Barrett SCH, 1996, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V351, P1271, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1996.0110; Barrett SCH, 1990, BIOL APPROACHES EVOL, P229; Barton NH, 1998, SCIENCE, V281, P1986, DOI 10.1126/science.281.5385.1986; BENGTSSON BO, 1978, J THEOR BIOL, V73, P439, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(78)90151-0; BUSS L, 1987, EVOLUTION INDIVIDUAL; CHARNOV EL, 1974, IBIS, V116, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00241.x; COMINS HN, 1980, J THEOR BIOL, V82, P205, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(80)90099-5; CROW J F, 1970, P591; Durrett R, 1997, J THEOR BIOL, V185, P165, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1996.0292; Eshel I, 1998, J THEOR BIOL, V191, P391, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0597; ESHEL I, 1981, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V19, P420, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(81)90029-0; FALCONER D. 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J	De Block, M; Stoks, R				De Block, M; Stoks, R			Pond drying and hatching date shape the tradeoff between age and size at emergence in a damselfly	OIKOS			English	Article							ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; WATER HABITAT GRADIENT; BODY-SIZE; TIME CONSTRAINTS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; INSECT COMMUNITIES; REACTION NORMS	The trade off between age and size at emergence, which plays a central role in life history theory, is hypothesized to be more pronounced under stressful conditions, especially when these conditions are combined. Empirical evidence for this is equivocal. We tested the hypothesis by imposing combinations of two types of time stress (pond drying and late hatching date) in larvae of the damselfly Lestes viridis. Larvae from a temporary pond and a permanent pond population were reared in outdoor tubs from egg hatching until emergence. Unexpectedly, larvae did not accelerate their life history in response to simulation of pond drying. Instead, larvae reared in temporary tubs generally had a slower development and growth than larvae reared in permanent tubs. Probably deteriorating growth conditions in temporary tubs associated with higher densities and lower food levels caused this pattern. In agreement with a higher time stress in late hatched larvae, they generally had faster development and growth than larvae that hatched early in the season. Drying regime and hatching date shaped the covariation pattern between age and size at emergence, but the tradeoff was only apparent when time stress was relaxed. The tradeoff between age and size at emergence was only present in early hatched larvae, especially in permanent tubs (lowest time stress). Conversely, in late hatched larvae there was a strongly negative relationship between age and size at emergence, especially in temporary tubs (highest time stress). Our results support an alternative hypothesis that deteriorating growth conditions (i.e. pond drying) may decouple the tradeoff under time stress. The absence of a tradeoff in more time-stressed late hatched larvae can be explained by their higher intrinsic growth rates, independent of deteriorating growth conditions. We hypothesize that the pattern of less clear tradeoffs under the imposed types of time stress may be general.	Dartmouth Coll, Dept Sci Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Evolut Biol Grp, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol, BE-3000 Louvain, Belgium	De Block, M (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Sci Biol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.	marjan.deblock@dartmouth.edu					Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; ALFORD RA, 1988, AM NAT, V131, P91, DOI 10.1086/284775; Altwegg R, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2542, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2542:PILHPU]2.0.CO;2; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Batzer DP, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P75, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000451; Blanckenhorn WU, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1394, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02021.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 1999, EVOL ECOL, V13, P395, DOI 10.1023/A:1006741222586; Brady LD, 2000, J ZOOL, V252, P61; Brodin T, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V132, P316, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0938-0; Carriere Y, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P463, DOI 10.2307/3545887; CHODOROWSKI A, 1969, POL ARCH HYDROBIOL, V16, P79; Day T, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P338, DOI 10.1086/338989; De Block M, 2004, OIKOS, V106, P587; Denver RJ, 1997, HORM BEHAV, V31, P169, DOI 10.1006/hbeh.1997.1383; Denver RJ, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1859, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1859:APIAMR]2.0.CO;2; Fischer K, 2002, BIOL J LINN SOC, V75, P173, DOI 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00014.x; FISCHER Z., 1960, POLSKIE ARCH HYDROBIOL, V7, P125; FORREST TG, 1987, OECOLOGIA, V73, P178, DOI 10.1007/BF00377505; GOTTHARD K, 1995, OIKOS, V74, P3, DOI 10.2307/3545669; GOTTHARD K, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V99, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF00627740; GOTTHARD K, 2001, ANIMAL DEV ECOLOGY, P287; Higgins L, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P51, DOI 10.1007/PL00008835; HONEK A, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P483, DOI 10.2307/3544943; Jodicke R. 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J	Schmidt, KA; Whelan, CJ				Schmidt, KA; Whelan, CJ			Quantifying male Wood Thrush nest-attendance and its relationship to nest success	CONDOR			English	Article						age-specific mortality; Hylocichla mustelina; life-history theory; nest guarding; nest predation; Wood Thrush	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PREDATION RISK; DEFENSE; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; FLYCATCHER; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; REMOVAL	Male Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) attend their nests by perching near its rim, a behavior common to many species and presumed to be for the purpose of guarding eggs or young in the nest. We classified nests into two groups based on whether or not we observed an attending male during any nest inspection. We found that nests attended by male Wood Thrushes had higher success rates (i.e., lower predation rates) than unattended nests in Illinois where Blue Jays were a dominant nest predator. In contrast, there was no significant difference in nest success between attended and unattended nests in New York where rodents (mice and chipmunks) and raptors, such as the Sharp-shinned Hawk, were important predators on nests and adults, respectively. Despite differences in risk to adults and nests between the two sites, the frequency of observing attendant males did not differ between sites. In contrast to studies in the literature, the frequency of nest-attendance in the New York population was negatively related to year-to-year variation in chipmunk density, an independent measure of the risk of nest predation.	Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA; Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Wilmington, IL 60481 USA	Schmidt, KA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, MS 3131, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.	kenneth.schmidt@ttu.edu		Whelan, Christopher/0000-0001-7511-2603			Bennett P. M., 2002, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BLANCHER PJ, 1982, ANIM BEHAV, V30, P929, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(82)80167-X; Dale S, 1996, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V39, P31, DOI 10.1007/s002650050264; DAVIS D. E., 1954, AUK, V71, P331; DEVORE JL, 1991, PROBABILITY STAT ENG; Ghalambor CK, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V60, P263, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1472; Ghalambor CK, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.1.101; Ghalambor CK, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P494, DOI 10.1126/science.1059379; Hatch MI, 1997, CONDOR, V99, P282, DOI 10.2307/1369934; KNIGHT RL, 1986, ANIM BEHAV, V34, P561, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80125-7; KNIGHT RL, 1986, ANIM BEHAV, V34, P887, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80075-6; Komdeur J, 1999, BEHAV ECOL, V10, P648, DOI 10.1093/beheco/10.6.648; Martin TE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2287, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1281; MARTIN TE, 1992, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT LANDBIRDS, P455; Martin TE, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P1028, DOI 10.1086/285891; MARTIN TE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P101, DOI 10.2307/2937160; Martin TE, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P309, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1879; MAYFIELD HF, 1975, WILSON BULL, V87, P456; Meilvang D, 1997, J AVIAN BIOL, V28, P331, DOI 10.2307/3676947; MONTGOMERIE RD, 1988, Q REV BIOL, V63, P167, DOI 10.1086/415838; Olendorf R, 2000, IBIS, V142, P365, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04432.x; Popiel SA, 1996, COPEIA, P649, DOI 10.2307/1447529; Ricklefs R. E., 1969, SMITHSON CONTRIB ZOO, V9, P1, DOI [DOI 10.5479/SI.00810282.9, 10.5479/si.00810282.9]; ROTH RR, 1996, BIRDS N AM, V284; Sasvari L, 2000, FOLIA ZOOL, V49, P211; Schmidt KA, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P406, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0406:SPIFEP]2.0.CO;2; Schmidt KA, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P151, DOI 10.2307/3546801; Schmidt KA, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P2927, DOI 10.2307/2679971; Schmidt KA, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P65, DOI 10.2307/3546997; SEALY SG, 1994, CAN FIELD NAT, V108, P41; SLACK RD, 1976, AUK, V93, P292; SPSS Inc, 2000, SYSTAT STAT VERS 10; WALTON LM, 1994, THESIS U DELAWARE; WHELAN CJ, 1994, AUK, V111, P945, DOI 10.2307/4088826; WOODWARD JD, ANIMAL BEHAV, V57, P105	35	17	17	0	11	COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC	LAWRENCE	ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA	0010-5422			CONDOR	Condor	FEB	2005	107	1					138	144		10.1650/7582				7	Ornithology	Zoology	896UV	WOS:000226960300015					2018-11-12	
J	Kuzawa, CW				Kuzawa, CW			Fetal origins of developmental plasticity: Are fetal cues reliable predictors of future nutritional environments?	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	29th Annual Meeting of the Human-Biology-Association	APR 14-15, 2004	Tampa, FL	Human Biol Assoc			INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; THRIFTY PHENOTYPE HYPOTHESIS; MATERNAL FEED RESTRICTION; OFFSPRING BIRTH-WEIGHT; MONKEY MACACA-MULATTA; SUPPLY-DEMAND MODEL; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; ADULT GUINEA-PIG; GESTATIONAL-AGE; HUMAN-PREGNANCY	Evidence that fetal nutrition triggers permanent adjustments in a wide range of systems and health outcomes is stimulating interest in the evolutionary significance of these responses. This review evaluates the postnatal adaptive significance of fetal developmental plasticity from the perspective of life history theory and evolutionary models of energy partitioning. Birthweight is positively related to multiple metabolically costly postnatal functions, suggesting that the fetus has the capacity to distribute the burden of energy insufficiency when faced with a nutritionally challenging environment. Lowering total requirements may reduce the risk of negative energy balance, which disproportionately impacts functions that are not essential for survival but that are crucial for reproductive success. The long-term benefit of these metabolic adjustments is contingent upon the fetus having access to a cue that is predictive of its future nutritional environment, a problem complicated in a long-lived species by short-term ecologic fluctuations like seasonality. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that the flow of nutrients reaching the fetus provides an integrated signal of nutrition as experienced by recent matrilineal ancestors, which effectively limits the responsiveness to short-term ecologic fluctuations during any given pregnancy. This capacity for fetal nutrition to minimize the growth response to transient ecologic fluctuations is defined here as intergenerational "phenotypic inertia," and is hypothesized to allow the fetus to cut through the "noise" of seasonal or other stochastic influences to read the "signal" of longer-term ecologic trends. As a mode of adaptation, phenotypic inertia may help the organism cope with ecologic trends too gradual to be tracked by conventional developmental plasticity, but too rapid to be tracked by natural selection. From an applied perspective, if a trait like fetal growth is designed to minimize the effects of short-term fluctuations by integrating information across generations, public health interventions may be most effective if focused not on the individual but on the matriline. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	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J	Jones, JH				Jones, JH			Fetal programming: Adaptive life-history tactics or making the best of a bad start?	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	29th Annual Meeting of the Human-Biology-Association	APR 14-15, 2004	Tampa, FL	Human Biol Assoc			DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ICE-CORE; AGE; EVOLUTION; ORIGINS; CLIMATE; GROWTH	Fetal programming is an ontogenetic phenomenon of increasing interest to human biologists. Because the downstream consequences of fetal programming have clear impacts on specific life-history traits (e.g., age at first reproduction and the general age-pattern of reproductive investments), a number of authors have raised the question of the adaptive significance of fetal programming. In this paper, I review in some detail several classical models in life-history theory and discuss their relative merits and weaknesses for human biology. I suggest that an adequate model of human life-history evolution must account for the highly structured nature of the human life cycle, with its late age at first reproduction, large degree of iteroparity, highly overlapping generations, and extensive, post-weaning parental investment. I further suggest that an understanding of stochastic demography is essential for answering the question of the adaptive significance of fetal programming, and specifically the finding of low birth weight on smaller adult body size and earlier age at first reproduction. Using a stage-structured stochastic population model, I show that the downstream consequences of early deprivation may be "making the best of a bad start" rather than an adaptation per se. When a high-investment strategy entails survival costs, the alternate strategy of early reproduction with relatively low investment may have higher fitness than trying to play the high-investment strategy and failing. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Jones, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Bldg 360, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	jhjl@stanford.edu		Jones, James/0000-0003-1680-6757			ALBON SD, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P69, DOI 10.2307/4800; ANKLIN M, 1993, NATURE, V364, P203; Bateson P, 2004, NATURE, V430, P419, DOI 10.1038/nature02725; Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; CASWELL H, 1978, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V14, P215, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(78)90025-4; Caswell H., 2000, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Coall DA, 2003, SOC SCI MED, V57, P1771, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00022-4; COHEN D, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P119, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90188-3; COLWELL RK, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P1148, DOI 10.2307/1940366; Crespi EJ, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P44, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20098; DANSGAARD W, 1993, NATURE, V364, P218, DOI 10.1038/364218a0; EARLY JD, 1990, POPULATION DYNAMICS; ELLISON PT, 1981, AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL, V54, P337, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330540306; FISHER RA, 1958, GEN THEORY NATURAL S; GADGIL M, 1970, American Naturalist, V104, P1, DOI 10.1086/282637; Gluckman PD, 2004, SCIENCE, V305, P1733, DOI 10.1126/science.1095292; HAIG D, 1993, Q REV BIOL, V68, P495, DOI 10.1086/418300; HAMILTON WD, 1966, J THEOR BIOL, V12, P12, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6; Horton TH, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P34, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20092; HOWELL N, 1979, DEMOGRAPHY DOBE; Hurtado AM, 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST; KAPLAN H, 2000, ZEUS SALMON BIODEMOG, P175; Kuzawa CW, 2005, AM J HUM BIOL, V17, P5, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20091; LANDE R, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P7418, DOI 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7418; Lang C, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P934, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5441.934; Livi- Bacci M., 1997, CONCISE HIST WORLD P; Lotka AJ, 1907, SCIENCE, V26, P21, DOI 10.1126/science.26.653.21-a; Madsen M, 1999, J ANTHROPOL ARCHAEOL, V18, P251, DOI 10.1006/jaar.1999.0342; McDade TW, 2001, AM J CLIN NUTR, V74, P543; MURPHY GI, 1968, AM NAT, V102, P391, DOI 10.1086/282553; ORZACK SH, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P901, DOI 10.1086/284959; Phillips DIW, 1998, DIABETES CARE, V21, pB150; Richerson PJ, 2001, AM ANTIQUITY, V66, P387, DOI 10.2307/2694241; Robinson SM, 2002, P NUTR SOC, V61, P537, DOI 10.1079/PNS2002189; Sayer AA, 1998, AGE AGEING, V27, P579, DOI 10.1093/ageing/27.5.579; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P783, DOI 10.1086/282954; SCOTT S, 1998, HUMAN DEMOGRAPHY DIS; Seger J., 1987, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V4, P182; TANNER JM, 1990, FETUS MAN PHYSICAL G; THOMPSON WR, 1931, B ENTOMOL RES, P22; Tuljapurkar S, 2000, ECOL MODEL, V133, P143, DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00288-X; Tuljapurkar S., 1990, LECT NOTES BIOMATHEM, V85; TULJAPURKAR SD, 1980, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V18, P314, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(80)90057-X; TULJAPURKAR SD, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V21, P114, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(82)90009-0; Wells JCK, 2003, J THEOR BIOL, V221, P143, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2003.3183; WOOD JW, 1994, DYNAMICS HUMAN REPRO	47	51	52	1	16	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1042-0533	1520-6300		AM J HUM BIOL	Am. J. Hum. Biol.	JAN-FEB	2005	17	1					22	33		10.1002/ajhb.20099				12	Anthropology; Biology	Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	884SD	WOS:000226105500003	15611978				2018-11-12	
J	McDade, TW				McDade, TW			Life history, maintenance, and the early origins of immune function	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	29th Annual Meeting of the Human-Biology-Association	APR 14-15, 2004	Tampa, FL	Human Biol Assoc			AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; PRENATAL UNDERNUTRITION; POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENTS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; HUMAN THYMUS; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; INVOLUTION	There is compelling evidence to suggest that early environments are important determinants of immune function over the life course. While current research focuses on proximate mechanisms and clinical implications, an adaptationist perspective may contribute a theoretical basis for explaining, rather than merely describing, the long-term impact of early environments. Life history theory in particular, with its emphasis on the life cycle and investment in maintenance effort-of which immune function is a central component-provides a predictive framework for identifying prenatal and early postnatal factors that are likely to shape immunity. Key life history issues at these stages include avoiding death from infectious disease, investing in immune defenses that are appropriate for the local disease ecology, and optimizing competing demands for investment in immune function and growth. A series of hypotheses derived from these issues are proposed and evaluated with data from ongoing research in the Philippines and Bolivia. Ecologically-informed research on immunity is in its earliest stages, and life history theory has the potential to make important contributions to our understanding of the development and function of this critical physiological system. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Lab Human Biol Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA	McDade, TW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Lab Human Biol Res, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.	t-mcdade@northwestern.edu					BALLOU SP, 1992, ADV INTERNAL MED, V37, P313; BEACH RS, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P469, DOI 10.1126/science.7123244; BEISEL WR, 1984, PROG FOOD NUTR SCI, V8, P43; Billington WD, 1992, IMMUNOLOGICAL OBSTET, P290; Blackburn S.T., 1992, MATERNAL FETAL NEONA; Bogin B., 1999, PATTERNS HUMAN GROWT; CHANDRA RK, 1975, AM J DIS CHILD, V129, P450, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120410038013; CHANDRA RK, 1975, SCIENCE, V190, P289, DOI 10.1126/science.1179211; Chandra RK, 1988, NUTR IMMUNOLOGY; CHANROV EL, 1993, LIFE HIST INVARIANBT; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Chatrath R, 1997, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V43, P345, DOI 10.1093/tropej/43.6.345; Chisari AN, 2001, NEUROIMMUNOMODULAT, V9, P41, DOI 10.1159/000049006; Coe CL, 2000, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V917, P468; ELIA M, 1992, ENERGY METABOLISM, P61; ELLISON PT, 1994, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V23, P255, DOI 10.1146/annurev.anthro.23.1.255; FERGUSON AC, 1978, J PEDIATR-US, V93, P52, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80599-X; George AJT, 1996, IMMUNOL TODAY, V17, P267, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(96)80543-3; GERSHWIN ME, 2000, NUTR IMMUNOLOGY; GOLDSBY RA, 2000, KUBY IMMUNOLOGY; HICKS MJ, 1983, AM J CLIN PATHOL, V80, P159; HICKS MJ, 1983, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V107, P518; HOLLIDAY MA, 1986, HUMAN GROWTH COMPREH; Hurtado AM, 1996, ACHE LIFE HIST; JANOFF EN, 1990, WESTERN J MED, V152, P253; Kirkwood T.B.L., 1981, P165; KIRKWOOD TBL, 1991, PHILOS T R SOC B, V332, P15, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1991.0028; KLEIN JO, 1990, INFECT DIS, P1; Kuzawa CW, 1998, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V41, P177; LAMPL, 1996, AM J PHYS ANTHR S, V22, P145; Lochmiller RL, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P87, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x; Martin LB, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P153, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2185; MARTORELL R, 1975, AM J DIS CHILD, V129, P1296, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120480022007; MATA L, 1992, AM J TROP MED HYG, V47, P16, DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.16; McDade TW, 1999, AM J HUM BIOL, V11, P705, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(199911/12)11:6<705::AID-AJHB1>3.0.CO;2-G; McDade TW, 2003, YEARB PHYS ANTHROPOL, V46, P100, DOI 10.1002/ajpa.10398; McDade TW, 2004, CLIN EXP ALLERGY, V34, P44, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01834.x; McDade TW, 2003, AM J HUM BIOL, V15, P273; McDade TW, 2001, J NUTR, V131, P1225; McDade TW, 2001, AM J CLIN NUTR, V74, P543; Moore SE, 1999, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V28, P1088, DOI 10.1093/ije/28.6.1088; Moret Y, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P1166, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5494.1166; MULLERHERMELINK HK, 1982, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V149, P303; PANTERBRICK C, 2000, BR J NUTR, V85, P1; PAUL WE, 1998, FUNDAMENTAL IMMUNOLO; Read AF, 2000, SCIENCE, V290, P1104, DOI 10.1126/science.290.5494.1104; ROITT IM, 2001, ESSENTIAL IMMUNOLOGY; Rook GAW, 1998, IMMUNOL TODAY, V19, P113, DOI 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01204-8; Scammon R. 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J	Worthman, CM; Kuzara, J				Worthman, CM; Kuzara, J			Life history and the early origins of health differentials	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	29th Annual Meeting of the Human-Biology-Association	APR 14-15, 2004	Tampa, FL	Human Biol Assoc			LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; PLASMA-CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS; THRIFTY PHENOTYPE HYPOTHESIS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; ADULT DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PRENATAL STRESS; FETAL GROWTH	Current epidemiologic models concerning the fetal origins of later health risk are evaluated from the perspectives of evolutionary and developmental biology. Claims of adaptive value for and biological status of fetal programming are critically examined. Life history theory is applied to identify key trade-offs in adaptive strategies that constrain developmental design to use information from the environment to guide ontogeny and establish cost-benefit trade-offs that weigh early survival advantage against remote or unlikely future costs. Expectable environments of evolutionary adaptedness, particularly of gestation, are characterized and their impact on human adaptive design discussed. The roles of neuroendocrine mechanisms in scaffolding life course development, negotiating ongoing cost-benefit trade-offs, and mediating their long-term impacts on function and health are reviewed in detail. Overviews of gestational biology and the postnatal physiologic, cognitive-affective, and behavioral effects of gestational stress identify a shared central role for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. 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J	Low, BS				Low, BS			Women's lives there, here, then, now: a review of women's ecological and demographic constraints cross-culturally	EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR			English	Review						women's status; mating systems; marriage patterns; life history theory; sex differences; demography; ecology	REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; 19TH-CENTURY SWEDEN; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; OCCUPATIONAL-STATUS; FERTILITY DECLINE; SEX-RATIO; POLYGYNY; FEMALE; INFANTICIDE	Around the world and across time, women's lives and opportunities vary-but this is patterned variation, produced by the interplay of natural selection (life history theory) and ecological and social constraints. Our evolutionary background (e.g., evolution of anisogamy) and phylogenetic constraints (female mammals' specialization for postnatal care) create different costs and benefits for males and females. These interact with environmental conditions to produce patterned variation in mating and marriage systems, degree of male parental investment, for example. Here, I review how, in response to these conditions, women's strategies (reproductive, resource, coalitional, and political) vary. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ctr Populat Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA	Low, BS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ctr Populat Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.	bobbilow@umich.edu					Acs G, 1996, J HUM RESOUR, V31, P898, DOI 10.2307/146151; Alexander R.D., 1974, Annual Rev Ecol Syst, V5, P325, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545; Alexander R. D., 1987, BIOL MORAL SYSTEMS; Alexander R. D., 1979, DARWINISM HUMAN AFFA; Alexander R. 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J	Maes, J; Limburg, KE; Van de Putte, A; Ollevier, F				Maes, J; Limburg, KE; Van de Putte, A; Ollevier, F			A spatially explicit, individual-based model to assess the role of estuarine nurseries in the early life history of North Sea herring, Clupea harengus	FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY			English	Article						estuarine fish migration; feeding behavior; habitat selection; herring; life-history theory; predation risk	COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; GASTRIC EVACUATION; ZEESCHELDE ESTUARY; ELBE ESTUARY; BARENTS SEA; GROWTH; SIZE; ATLANTIC; DYNAMICS	Herring (Clupea harengus) enter and remain within North Sea estuaries during well-defined periods of their early life history. The costs and benefits of the migrations between offshore spawning grounds and upper, low-salinity zones of estuarine nurseries are identified using a dynamic state-variable model, in which the fitness of an individual is maximized by selecting the most profitable habitat. Spatio-temporal gradients in temperature, turbidity, food availability and predation risk simulate the environment. We modeled predation as a function of temperature, the optical properties of the ambient water, the time allocation of feeding and the abundance of whiting (Merlangius merlangus). Growth and metabolic costs were assessed using a bioenergetic model. Model runs using real input data for the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, The Netherlands) and the southern North Sea show that estuarine residence results in fitter individuals through a considerable increase in survival probability of age-0 fish. Young herring pay for their migration into safer estuarine water by foregoing growth opportunities at sea. We suggest that temperature and, in particular, the time lag between estuarine and seawater temperatures, acts as a basic cue for herring to navigate in the heterogeneous space between the offshore spawning grounds at sea and the oligohaline nursery zone in estuaries.	Katholieke Univ Leuven, Aquat Ecol Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA	Maes, J (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Aquat Ecol Lab, Ch De Beriotstr 32, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.	joachim.maes@bio.kuleuven.ac.be	Limburg, Karin/M-8380-2013; Van de Putte, Anton/F-6877-2012	Van de Putte, Anton/0000-0003-1336-5554; Maes, Joachim/0000-0002-8272-1607			AKSNES DL, 1993, ECOL MODEL, V67, P233, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90007-F; Andersen NG, 1998, J FISH BIOL, V52, P743, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00817.x; Attrill MJ, 2002, NATURE, V417, P275, DOI 10.1038/417275a; BENAKA LR, 1999, AM FISH SOC S, V22; Blaber S. J. 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JAN	2005	14	1					17	31		10.1111/j.1365-2419.2004.00300.x				15	Fisheries; Oceanography	Fisheries; Oceanography	882RG	WOS:000225955400002					2018-11-12	
J	Chisholm, JS; Quinlivan, JA; Petersen, RW; Coall, DA				Chisholm, JS; Quinlivan, JA; Petersen, RW; Coall, DA			Early stress predicts age at Menarche and first birth, adult attachment, and expected lifespan	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Review						age at first birth; age at menarche; attachment theory; expected lifespan; father absence; life history theory; time preference; women's reproductive strategies	FATHER-ABSENCE; SEXUAL-ABUSE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; PUBERTAL MATURATION; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; HISTORY THEORY; RECALLED AGE; EVOLUTIONARY; GIRLS; RISK	Life history theory suggests that in risky and uncertain environments the optimal reproductive strategy is to reproduce early in order to maximize the probability of leaving any descendants at all. The fact that early menarche facilitates early reproduction provides an adaptationist rationale for our first two hypotheses: that women who experience more risky and uncertain environments early in life would have (1) earlier menarche and (2) earlier first births than women who experience less stress at an early age. Attachment theory and research provide the rationale for our second two hypotheses: that the subjective early experience of risky and uncertain environments (insecurity) is (3) part of an evolved mechanism for entraining alternative reproductive strategies contingent on environmental risk and uncertainty and (4) reflected in expected lifespan. Evidence from our pilot study of 100 women attending antenatal clinics at a large metropolitan hospital is consistent with all four hypotheses: Women reporting more troubled family relations early in life had earlier menarche, earlier first birth, were more likely to identify with insecure adult attachment styles, and expected shorter lifespans. Multivariate analyses show that early stress directly affected age at menarche and first birth, affected adult attachment in interaction with expected lifespan, but had no effect on expected lifespan, where its original effect was taken over by interactions between age at menarche and adult attachment as well as age at first birth and adult attachment. We discuss our results in terms of the need to combine evolutionary and developmental perspectives and the relation between early stress in general and father absence in particular.	Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Univ Melbourne, Royal Hosp Women, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia	Chisholm, JS (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Mail Bag Delivery Point M309,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.	jchisholm@anhb.uwa.edu.au		Quinlivan, Julie/0000-0003-4706-2412; Coall, David/0000-0002-0488-2683			*A GUTTM I, 1998, INTO NEW WORLD YOUNG; Adair LS, 2001, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V91, P642, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.91.4.642; BARKOW J, 1984, J ANTHROPOLOGICAL RE, V40, P373; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bereczkei T, 2001, INT J BEHAV DEV, V25, P501, DOI 10.1080/01650250042000573; BERGSTENBRUCEFORS A, 1976, ANN HUM BIOL, V3, P71, DOI 10.1080/03014467600001151; Bowlby J., 1973, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V2; Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Burton L M, 1990, Hum Nat, V1, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF02692149; Carter CS, 1998, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V23, P779; Charmandari E, 2003, HORM RES, V59, P161, DOI 10.1159/000069325; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Chisholm JS, 1999, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V10, P51, DOI 10.1007/s12110-999-1001-1; Chisholm JS, 2003, MACQUARIE MG COG SCI, P125; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Chisholm JS, 1999, DEATH HOPE SEX STEPS; CHROUSOS GP, 1992, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V267, P1244, DOI 10.1001/jama.267.9.1244; Cicchetti D, 2001, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V13, P677, DOI 10.1017/S0954579401003145; COALL D, 1999, ANN M HUM BEH EV SOC; Coall DA, 2003, SOC SCI MED, V57, P1771, DOI 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00022-4; COHEN S, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V64, P131, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.64.1.131; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; CONGER RD, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P541, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00768.x; DAMON A, 1969, HUM BIOL, V41, P161; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Eisenberger NI, 2004, TRENDS COGN SCI, V8, P294, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010; Ellis BJ, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P387, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.387; Ellis BJ, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P801, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00569; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P485, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00159; ELLISON PT, 1990, AM ANTHROPOL, V92, P933, DOI 10.1525/aa.1990.92.4.02a00050; ELLISON PT, 1994, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V5, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02692159; Eveleth P. 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Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect.		2005	16	3					233	265		10.1007/s12110-005-1009-0				33	Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences	979NU	WOS:000232952900001	26189749				2018-11-12	
J	Mills, MSL; Boix-Hinzen, C; Du Plessis, MA				Mills, MSL; Boix-Hinzen, C; Du Plessis, MA			Live or let live: life-history decisions of the breeding female Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri	IBIS			English	Article							BODY CONDITION INDEXES; ESTIMATING FITNESS; MOLT; BIRDS; COST	Life-history theory maintains that long-lived species such as hornbills (Bucerotiformes) maximize lifetime fecundity by ensuring adult survival, rather than investing in current reproductive output. Unusually, female Tockus hornbills are sealed into the nest cavity during breeding, placing a large burden on the male who feeds her and the nestlings for up to 9 weeks. Early departure to help feed young may improve nestling survival, but could reduce female survival if moult is incomplete. We investigated whether departure time of the female Monteiro's Hornbill Tockus monteiri is more strongly related to measures of female fitness or juvenile condition. Departure was independent of nestling development and growth, instead depending on female state. At departure, variability in condition between females was smaller than at any other stage, implying a strong stabilizing selection on optimal female departure condition. Similarly, moult showed signs of being completed, and variability in the state of moult between females was lowest at departure. Both predictions were met in favour of the hypothesis that Monteiro's Hornbills would base the timing of their departure from the nest on maximizing their own survival. Thus, as predicted, future reproductive potential takes precedence over current reproductive output in a trade-off decision in this species.	Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst African Ornithol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa	Du Plessis, MA (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Percy FitzPatrick Inst African Ornithol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.	morne@botzoo.uct.ac.za					BROWN CR, 1985, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V155, P515, DOI 10.1007/BF00684682; Erikstad KE, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P1781; Ghalambor CK, 2001, SCIENCE, V292, P494, DOI 10.1126/science.1059379; HOHMAN WL, 1993, CAN J ZOOL, V71, P2224, DOI 10.1139/z93-312; HURLBERT SH, 1984, ECOL MONOGR, V54, P187, DOI 10.2307/1942661; Jakob EM, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P61, DOI 10.2307/3545585; KEMP A C, 1972, Annals of the Transvaal Museum, V27, P255; Kemp A. C, 1995, THE HORNBILLS; KLAASSEN M, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V104, P424, DOI 10.1007/BF00341339; Klaassen M, 2003, AUK, V120, P866, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0866:FWHDPA]2.0.CO;2; Kotiaho JS, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P399, DOI 10.2307/3546755; LANGLEY R, 1968, PRACTICAL STAT; Marshall SD, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P401, DOI 10.2307/3546756; MENDELSOHN JM, 2003, ATLAS NAMIBIA CARTOG; RIDLEY M, 1993, EVOLUTION; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Stanback M, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V63, P787, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1975; STANBACK M, 1999, P INT ORNITHOL C, V22; Stearns SC, 1993, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Zar J.H, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	20	1	1	0	6	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD	OXFORD	9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND	0019-1019			IBIS	Ibis	JAN	2005	147	1					48	56		10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00340				9	Ornithology	Zoology	889XT	WOS:000226476900006					2018-11-12	
J	Kraus, C; Thomson, DL; Kunkele, J; Trillmich, F				Kraus, C; Thomson, DL; Kunkele, J; Trillmich, F			Living slow and dying young? Life-history strategy and age-specific survival rates in a precocial small mammal	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						altricical-precocial dichotomy; cavies; fecundity-juvenile survival trade-off; small mammals; slow-fast continuum	CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MORTALITY-RATES; MARKED ANIMALS; DEMOGRAPHIC TACTICS; PLACENTAL MAMMALS; MODEL SELECTION; BODY SIZE; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; PREDATION	1. Mammalian life histories can be ordered along a slow-fast continuum from slow-developing, long-lived species with low reproductive rates at one end to rapidly developing, short-lived species with high reproductive rates at the other. Body size and mortality rate are strong correlates of the slow-fast axis, whereby juvenile and adult mortality rates correlate positively but are linked to certain life-history traits with differing strengths. The strong covariation of life-history traits renders it difficult to evaluate the adaptive value of single life-history elements. Species that deviate from the common pattern might help to identify specific selected strategies. 2. Caviomorph rodents show an unusual combination of life-history traits. Like slow-living mammals, they produce few precocial young after long gestation periods, but they have the early maturation potential of their fast-living counterparts. This combination of life-history traits suggests low levels of juvenile mortality but high adult mortality rates, and thus an unusually low ratio of juvenile to adult mortality compared to other small mammals. To test these predictions, we modelled age-specific survival probabilities using capture-recapture data from a wild population of Cavia magna. 3. Patterns of age-specific survival rates were in accordance with the predictions, but atypical for small mammals. Levels of adult survival were low, and comparable to those of much smaller rodent species. Juvenile survival probabilities were high relative to those reported for other small mammals and reached adult levels after only 1 month. The ratio of adult to early juvenile survival depended strongly on the date of birth. Whereas survival of young from the first birth cohort in spring did not differ from that of adults, early survivorship of later cohorts was lower. 4. Our results fit expectations from life-history theory and suggest that high levels of adult mortality selected for the early onset of reproduction in wild cavies. The comparatively low juvenile mortalities are probably a consequence of the precocial state of the cavy offspring. We suggest that the reproductive strategy of cavies represents a different solution to the trade-off between fecundity and juvenile survival compared to altricial small mammals.	Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; Max Planck Inst Demog Res, D-18057 Rostock, Germany	Kraus, C (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav VHF, POB 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.	Cornelia.Kraus@uni-bielefeld.de					ANDERSON DR, 1985, J ANIM ECOL, V54, P89, DOI 10.2307/4622; ANDERSON DR, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P1780, DOI 10.2307/1939637; BLUEWEISS L, 1978, OECOLOGIA, V37, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF00344996; Buckland ST, 1997, BIOMETRICS, V53, P603, DOI 10.2307/2533961; Burnham K. P., 1998, MODEL SELECTION INFE; Calder W. 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Anim. Ecol.	JAN	2005	74	1					171	180		10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00910.x				10	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	890MC	WOS:000226514300019		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Stauss, MJ; Burkhardt, JF; Tomiuk, J				Stauss, MJ; Burkhardt, JF; Tomiuk, J			Foraging flight distances as a measure of parental effort in blue tits Parus caeruleus differ with environmental conditions	JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							FLYCATCHER FICEDULA-ALBICOLLIS; DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; GREAT TIT; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CLUTCH SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; BREEDING SUCCESS; BROOD SIZE; FOOD AVAILABILITY	Life-history theory predicts that parental effort in nestling provisioning is optimised in relation to the quality of individuals and/or their habitat. We studied the investment of breeding pairs of blue tits Parus caeruleus for their reproduction during three breeding seasons in deciduous (high quality) vs. mixed (low quality) habitats in order to quantify to what extent habitat quality affects parental effort. Parental effort (costs) was related to their feeding rates and flight distances during foraging. In the deciduous habitat flight distances between nest and foraging patch were shorter than in the mixed habitat (22 in and 40 m, respectively), but the feeding rates did not differ between the habitats. The total flight distance per breeding pair from the first day after hatching until the 17th day of the nestling period was about half of the distance observed in the mixed habitat (375 km and 674 km, respectively). As the quality of fledglings did not differ between habitats, the higher number of fledglings per brood reflects better rewards per foraging trip in the deciduous than in the mixed habitat. Considering the parental foraging effort (costs) and, the quality and number of offspring (benefits), the benefit-cost-ratio was 2-3 times higher in the deciduous than in the mixed woodland.	Univ Tubingen, Inst Anthropol & Human Genet, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany	Stauss, MJ (reprint author), Inst Behav Ecol, Vor Kreuzberg 28, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany.	m-stauss@gmx.de					BLONDEL J, 1987, ARDEA, V75, P21; Bryant DM, 1988, FUNCT ECOL, V2, P23, DOI 10.2307/2389456; BRYANT DM, 1991, IBIS, V133, P236, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1991.tb04565.x; CARLSON A, 1992, AUK, V109, P389, DOI 10.2307/4088212; COWIE RJ, 1987, ARDEA, V75, P81; DHONDT AA, 1984, IBIS, V126, P388, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1984.tb00260.x; Dias PC, 1996, IBIS, V138, P644, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04766.x; DRENT RH, 1980, ARDEA, V68, P225; EKMAN J, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P159, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb05727.x; GIBB JOHN, 1955, BRITISH BIRDS, V48, P49; GRIECO F, 2002, ANIM BEHAV, V63, P517; GRUNDEL R, 1987, CONDOR, V89, P319, DOI 10.2307/1368484; GUSTAFSSON L, 1988, NATURE, V335, P813, DOI 10.1038/335813a0; LALONDE RG, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P680, DOI 10.1086/285242; LESSELLS CM, 1983, ANIM BEHAV, V31, P238, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(83)80194-8; LIMA SL, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1062, DOI 10.2307/1938378; LINDEN M, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P336, DOI 10.2307/1938745; LLOYD DG, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P800, DOI 10.1086/284676; Maigret JL, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P250, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.3.250; MCGINLEY MA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P370, DOI 10.1086/284716; Moreno J, 1997, OIKOS, V79, P559, DOI 10.2307/3546900; Naef-Daenzer B, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P708, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00318.x; Naef-Daenzer B, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V59, P989, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1380; Naef-Daenzer L, 2000, J AVIAN BIOL, V31, P206, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310212.x; NAEFDAENZER B, 1994, ARDEA, V82, P335; NORRIS K, 1993, J ANIM ECOL, V62, P287, DOI 10.2307/5360; Nour N, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V114, P522, DOI 10.1007/s004420050476; NUR N, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P479, DOI 10.2307/4529; NUR N, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P497, DOI 10.2307/4530; Nur N., 1987, P457; Nur N., 1990, NATO ASI Series Series G Ecological Sciences, V24, P281; NUR N, 1986, J ANIM ECOL, V55, P983, DOI 10.2307/4428; PERRINS CM, 1991, IBIS, V133, P49, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1991.tb07668.x; PERRINS CM, 1975, J ANIM ECOL, V44, P695, DOI 10.2307/3712; PETTIFOR RA, 1993, J ANIM ECOL, V62, P145, DOI 10.2307/5489; Przybylo R, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P214, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.320302.x; REYER HU, 1985, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V17, P363, DOI 10.1007/BF00293214; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; SAETRE GP, 1995, J ANIM ECOL, V64, P21, DOI 10.2307/5824; Sanz JJ, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P149, DOI 10.1007/PL00008842; *SAS I INC, 1987, SAS STAT US GUID; SLAGSVOLD T, 1995, J ANIM ECOL, V64, P563, DOI 10.2307/5800; SMITH HG, 1988, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V22, P447, DOI 10.1007/BF00294983; SMITH HG, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P383, DOI 10.2307/4837; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; Stauss M. 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J	Hernaman, V; Munday, PL				Hernaman, V; Munday, PL			Life-history characteristics of coral reef gobies. I. Growth and life-span	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						longevity; growth; body size; life history; gobiidae; otolith	VALENCIENNEA-STRIGATA GOBIIDAE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SEXUAL SELECTION; SAND GOBY; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; POMATOSCHISTUS-MINUTUS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; AGE-DETERMINATION; PISCES GOBIIDAE; NATURAL-HISTORY	Life-history theory predicts that small species will exhibit short life-spans and fast growth rates; however, previous studies indicate that a positive relationship between size and maximum age may not be universally applicable to coral reef fishes. Here, we investigate the growth and life-span of 5 small species of coral reef goby (family Gobiidae): Istigobius goldmanni, Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Amblygobius bynoensis, Amblygobius phalaena and Valenciennea muralis. All 5 species were relatively short-lived, with the oldest individual sampled ranging from 11 to 16 mo depending on species and sex. Rapid growth occurred over much of the size range of all 5 species and, in contrast to most reef fishes, relatively little or no time was spent at an asymptotic size. Patterns of growth were best described by a Broken Stick model for L goldmanni, and by either a Broken Stick modi l or the von Bertalanffy growth function for the other 4 species. Summer-growing individuals had higher growth rates than winter-growing individuals, but this did not affect the overall patterns of growth. Sex-specific differences in growth were evident for L goldmanni and A. semipunctatus, with males growing faster and attaining a larger maximum size than females. In contrast, there was no significant difference in growth between male and female A. bynoensis, A. phalaena and V muralis. This pattern may be related to interspecific differences in intensity of sexual selection, mating system, and reproductive behaviour. Overall, the patterns of growth and life-span of these 5 small species conformed to traditional concepts of life-history theory.	Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand; James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia	Hernaman, V (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand.	vhernaman@xtra.co.nz	Munday, Philip/F-5443-2011	Munday, Philip/0000-0001-9725-2498			Ackerman JL, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V206, P227, DOI 10.3354/meps206227; ARRUDA LM, 1993, ESTUAR COAST SHELF S, V37, P509, DOI 10.1006/ecss.1993.1070; BEGON M, 1981, POPULATON ECOLOGY UN; BLUEWEISS L, 1978, OECOLOGIA, V37, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF00344996; Bouchereau JL, 1998, OCEANOL ACTA, V21, P503, DOI 10.1016/S0399-1784(98)80034-0; BREITBURG DL, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1844, DOI 10.2307/1939876; Campana SE, 2001, J FISH BIOL, V59, P197, DOI 10.1006/jfbi.2001.1668; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; CHEN Y, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1228, DOI 10.1139/f92-138; Choat J. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; SWEATMAN HPA, 1984, COPEIA, P187; Takegaki T, 1999, ICHTHYOL RES, V46, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02675429; WARNER RR, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P148, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00268.x; WORTHINGTON DG, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P233, DOI 10.1139/f95-023; Wotton R. J., 1998, ECOLOGY TELEOST FISH, V386; YANAGISAWA Y, 1982, JPN J ICHTHYOL, V28, P401	72	25	26	0	18	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2005	290						207	221		10.3354/meps290207				15	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	925UW	WOS:000229079800017		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Hernaman, V; Munday, PL				Hernaman, V; Munday, PL			Life-history characteristics of coral reef gobies. II. Mortality rate, mating system and timing of maturation	MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES			English	Article						maturity; mortality; life history; body size; gobiidae; mating system	VALENCIENNEA-STRIGATA GOBIIDAE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COMMON GOBY; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; SEXUAL SELECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; MATE FIDELITY; FISH; AGE	High adult mortality rate is expected to select for early maturation. However, physiological constraints or size-related reproductive benefits might select for delayed maturation, especially in small-bodied species. Additionally, the mating system and the relative intensity of mate competition can modify the timing of maturation. Here, we investigate the influence of mortality rate and mating system on the timing of maturation in 5 species of small coral reef goby that are either polygynous (Asterropteryx semipunctatus and Istigobius goldmanni) or monogamous pair-spawners (Amolygobius bynoensis, Amblygobius phalaena and Valenciennea muralis). All 5 species experienced high annual adult mortality rates with annual survivorship of <= 2.3%. The mean size at maturity, compared to maximum adult size, was smaller than is typical for fishes, indicating selection for earls maturity in all of these species. The season of growth had little effect on size at maturity, but had a considerable effect on age at maturity, with summer-growing individuals exhibiting a younger mean age at maturity than winter-growing individuals. As predicted, males of the 3 monogamous pair-spawning species matured earlier and smaller than females (A. bynoensis and A, phalaena) or at the same time as females (V muralis), but contrary to expectation, males of the 2 polygynous species (A. semipunctatus and I. goldmanni) did not mature later and at a larger size than females. Overall, the timing of maturation in these species is consistent with predictions from general life-history theory, however, the sex-specific timing of maturation may be influenced by body size constraints and the mating system.	Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand; James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld, Australia	Hernaman, V (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand.	vhernaman@xtra.co.nz	Munday, Philip/F-5443-2011	Munday, Philip/0000-0001-9725-2498			Ackerman JL, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V206, P227, DOI 10.3354/meps206227; Berglund Anders, 1997, P237; Caley MJ, 1998, AUST J ECOL, V23, P241, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1998.tb00726.x; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; CHEN Y, 1994, AQUAT SCI, V56, P206, DOI 10.1007/BF00879965; CINQUETTI R, 1987, B ZOOL, V54, P233, DOI 10.1080/11250008709355589; EMLEN ST, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P215, DOI 10.1126/science.327542; Fishelson L., 1989, Senckenbergiana Maritima, V20, P147; FORRESTER GE, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V103, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF00328615; Greenfield DW, 1999, COPEIA, P251, DOI 10.2307/1447470; Gust N, 2002, MAR BIOL, V140, P1039, DOI 10.1007/s00227-001-0773-6; Hernaman V, 2005, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V290, P207, DOI 10.3354/meps290207; HERNAMAN V, 2003, THESIS U OTAGO DUNED; Hixon M.A., 1991, P475; HOENIG JM, 1983, FISH B-NOAA, V81, P898; Holbrook SJ, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P2855, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2855:CFSSCD]2.0.CO;2; Hosmer D. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stewart BD, 2001, MAR BIOL, V138, P383, DOI 10.1007/s002270000468; Svensson O, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V56, P175, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0769; SWEATMAN HPA, 1984, COPEIA, P187; Takashima F, 1995, ATLAS FISH HISTOLOGY; Takegaki T, 1999, ICHTHYOL RES, V46, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02675429; Taru M, 2000, B MAR SCI, V66, P507; WARNER RR, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P148, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00268.x; WEST G, 1990, AUST J MAR FRESH RES, V41, P199; Wilson DT, 1999, MAR BIOL, V134, P29, DOI 10.1007/s002270050522; Wootton R.J., 1998, ECOLOGY TELEOST FISH; Yamana H, 2001, RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM, V1, P31	56	14	15	0	9	INTER-RESEARCH	OLDENDORF LUHE	NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY	0171-8630	1616-1599		MAR ECOL PROG SER	Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.		2005	290						223	237		10.3354/meps290223				15	Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography	925UW	WOS:000229079800018		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Angilletta, MJ; Niewiarowski, PH; Dunham, AE; Leache, AD; Porter, WP				Angilletta, MJ; Niewiarowski, PH; Dunham, AE; Leache, AD; Porter, WP			Bergmann's clines in ectotherms: Illustrating a life-history perspective with sceloporine lizards	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						body size; Bergmann's rule; ectotherms; latitude; Sceloporus; temperature.	BODY-SIZE VARIATION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; GROWTH-RATES; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; WIDESPREAD LIZARD; UTA-STANSBURIANA; MORTALITY-RATES	The generality and causes of Bergmann's rule have been debated vigorously in the last few years, but Bergmann's clines are rarely explained in the context of life-history theory. We used both traditional and phylogenetic comparative analyses to explore the causes of latitudinal and thermal clines in the body size of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). The proximate mechanism for larger body sizes in colder environments is delayed maturation, which results in a greater fecundity but a lower survival to maturity. Life-history theory predicts that a higher survivorship of juveniles in colder environments can favor the evolution of a Bergmann's cline. Consistent with this theory, lizards in colder environments survive better as juveniles and delay maturation until reaching a larger body size than that of lizards in warmer environments. We expect similar relationships among temperature, survivorship, and age/size at maturity exist in other ectotherms that exhibit Bergmann's clines. However, life-history traits of S. undulatus were more strongly related to latitude than they were to temperature, indicating that both abiotic and biotic factors should be considered as causes of Bergmann's clines. Nonetheless, analyses of the costs and benefits of particular body sizes in different thermal environments will enhance our understanding of geographic variation.	Indiana State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA; Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA; Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53711 USA	Angilletta, MJ (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA.	m-angilletta@indstate.edu; phn@uakron.edu; adunham@sas.upenn.edu; leache@socrates.berkeley.edu; wporter@mhub.zoology.wisc.edu					Adolph SC, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P267, DOI 10.2307/3546065; Agostinelli C, 2001, STAT SINICA, V11, P499; Angilletta MJ, 2003, AM NAT, V162, P332; Angilletta MJ, 2002, J THERM BIOL, V27, P249, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4565(01)00094-8; Angilletta MJ, 2001, PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL, V74, P11; Angilletta MJ, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P3044, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3044:TAPCOE]2.0.CO;2; ANGILLETTA MJ, 2004, IN PRESS INTEGRATIVE, V44; Arnett AE, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P275, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00271.x; Ashton KG, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P390, DOI 10.1086/303400; Ashton KG, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1151, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00324.x; Ashton KG, 2002, GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR, V11, P505, DOI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00313.x; Ashton KG, 2002, CAN J ZOOL, V80, P708, DOI 10.1139/Z02-049; Ashton KG, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P2523; Ashton Kyle G., 2001, Diversity and Distributions, V7, P289, DOI 10.1046/j.1366-9516.2001.00115.x; ATKINSON D, 1994, ADV ECOL RES, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3; Atkinson D., 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P183; BALLARD KP, 1981, REG STUD, V15, P213, DOI 10.1080/09595238100185221; BALLINGER RE, 1981, AM MIDL NAT, V106, P157, DOI 10.2307/2425145; BALLINGER RE, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P901, DOI 10.2307/1936858; BALLINGER RE, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P269, DOI 10.2307/1934336; Belk MC, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P803, DOI 10.1086/343880; Bergmann C, 1847, GOTTINGER STUDIEN, V1, P595; Bernardo J, 2002, OIKOS, V97, P398, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970310.x; BERRIGAN D, 1994, OIKOS, V70, P474, DOI 10.2307/3545787; Blackburn Tim M., 1999, Diversity and Distributions, V5, P165, DOI 10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00046.x; Camp CD, 2000, CAN J ZOOL, V78, P1702, DOI 10.1139/cjz-78-10-1702; CONOVER DO, 1992, J FISH BIOL, V41, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03876.x; Cooper WE, 2000, BEHAVIOUR, V137, P1175, DOI 10.1163/156853900502583; CRENSHAW JOHN W., 1955, AMER MIDLAND NAT, V54, P257, DOI 10.2307/2422568; CURRIE DJ, 1991, AM NAT, V137, P27, DOI 10.1086/285144; Downes SJ, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P605, DOI 10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0605:GVIATT]2.0.CO;2; Dunham A. 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J	Berner, D; Korner, C; Blanckenhorn, WU				Berner, D; Korner, C; Blanckenhorn, WU			Grasshopper populations across 2000 m of altitude: is there life history adaptation?	ECOGRAPHY			English	Article							EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT TIME; CHORTHIPPUS-BRUNNEUS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BODY-SIZE; EUROPEAN GRASSHOPPERS; SEASONAL ENVIRONMENT; EGG DEVELOPMENT; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; PLASTICITY	Life history differentiation along climatic gradients may have allowed a species to extend its geographic range. To explore this hypothesis, we compared eleven Omocestus viridulus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) populations along an altitudinal gradient from 410 to 2440 m in Switzerland, both in the field and laboratory. In situ temperature records indicated a striking decline in available heat sums along the gradient, and field populations at high altitudes reached egg hatching and adulthood much later in the year than at low elevation. The reproductive period at high altitude is thus severely limited by season length, especially during a cool year. However, controlled environment experiments revealed that intrinsic rates of embryonic and juvenile development increased with the populations' altitude of origin. This countergradient variation is largely genetic and conforms to predictions of life history theory. No corresponding differentiation in the overwintering egg stage, a pivotal determinant of phenology, was found. This trait seems conserved within the gomphocerine grasshopper subfamily. Although we found evidence for altitudinal adaptation in development, the potential of O. viridulus to adapt to cool alpine climates appears restricted by a phylogenetic constraint.	Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Univ Zurich, Museum Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland	Berner, D (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland.	daniel.berner@fal.admin.ch	Berner, Daniel/C-3461-2014; Korner, Christian/B-6592-2014				Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; AYRES MP, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P465, DOI 10.2307/2937146; BEGON M, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P361, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00516.x; BERVEN KA, 1983, AM ZOOL, V23, P85; BLANCKENHORN WU, 1995, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V8, P21, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8010021.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V109, P342, DOI 10.1007/s004420050092; BRADFORD MJ, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V103, P319, DOI 10.1007/BF00328620; Carriere Y, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P463, DOI 10.2307/3545887; Carron Gilles, 1996, Articulata, V11, P49; CHAPPELL MA, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V56, P126, DOI 10.1007/BF00378228; CHERRILL A, 1991, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V14, P225; CHERRILL AJ, 1987, THESIS U LIVERPOOL; COHEN D, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P801, DOI 10.1086/283103; CONOVER DO, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P248, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89081-3; Danks H. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; ROWE L, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P413, DOI 10.2307/2937184; Schlichting C. D., 1998, PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; SCHLUTER D, 1991, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V246, P11, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1991.0118; SLATKIN M, 1987, SCIENCE, V236, P787, DOI 10.1126/science.3576198; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TANAKA S, 1983, CAN J ZOOL, V61, P1986, DOI 10.1139/z83-262; TANAKA S, 1994, SERIES ENTOM, V52, P173; Tatar M, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V111, P357, DOI 10.1007/s004420050246; Tauber M.J., 1986, SEASONAL ADAPTATIONS; Taylor F., 1986, EVOLUTION INSECT LIF; Telfer MG, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V121, P245, DOI 10.1007/s004420050926; Thorens P., 1997, DOCUMENTA FAUNISTICA, V16; VANWINGERDEN WKRE, 1991, OECOLOGIA, V87, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF00634600	52	42	46	1	39	WILEY-BLACKWELL	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0906-7590			ECOGRAPHY	Ecography	DEC	2004	27	6					733	740		10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04012.x				8	Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology	Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology	882XY	WOS:000225974900005					2018-11-12	
J	Gotthard, K				Gotthard, K			Growth strategies and optimal body size in temperate Pararginii butterflies	INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology	JAN 05-09, 2004	New Orleans, LA	Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol			LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; YELLOW DUNG FLY; REACTION NORMS; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; SEASONAL PLASTICITY; TIME CONSTRAINTS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; STARVATION RESISTANCE; SATYRINE BUTTERFLIES; LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE	In temperate insects the evolution of growth strategies and the optimal age and size at maturity will depend strongly on seasonal variation in temperature and other resources. However, compared to photoperiod, temperature itself is a relatively poor predictor of seasonal change and timing decisions in insects are often most strongly influenced by the photoperiod. Here I review the evolution of seasonal growth strategies in the butterfly tribe Pararginii (Satyrinae: Nymphalidae) and relate it to life history theory. The results indicate that individual larvae may adjust their growth trajectories in relation to information on time horizons obtained from the photoperiod. The growth strategies can be characterized by a set of state-dependent decision rules that specify how an individual should respond to its internal state and external circumstances. These decision rules may also influence how individual growth change with a rise in temperature, showing that the standard expectation of increased growth rates with increasing temperatures may not always be true. With less time available individual larvae increase growth rates and thereby achieve shorter development times, most often without any effects on final sizes. One reason for the apparent optimization of growth rate seems to be that growing fast may incur costs that larvae developing under lower time limitations chose to avoid. The patterns of growth found in these and many other studies are difficult to reconcile with common assumptions of what typically determines optimal body size in insects. In particular it seems as if there should be some costs of a large body size that, so far, have been poorly documented.	Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	Gotthard, K (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.	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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STOCKHOFF BA, 1991, OECOLOGIA, V88, P422, DOI 10.1007/BF00317588; Tammaru T, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P561, DOI 10.2307/3545946; Tammaru T, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V133, P430, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-1057-7; Tauber M.J., 1986, SEASONAL ADAPTATIONS; WERNER EE, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P242, DOI 10.1086/285537; WICKMAN PO, 1990, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V13, P238; WIKLUND C, 1991, OIKOS, V60, P241, DOI 10.2307/3544871; WIKLUND C, 1977, OECOLOGIA, V31, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF00346917; WIKLUND C, 1983, ECOL ENTOMOL, V8, P233, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00503.x	62	39	41	0	15	OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC	CARY	JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA	1540-7063	1557-7023		INTEGR COMP BIOL	Integr. Comp. Biol.	DEC	2004	44	6					471	479		10.1093/icb/44.6.471				9	Zoology	Zoology	893LU	WOS:000226721400009	21676733	Green Published, Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Stjernman, M; Raberg, L; Nilsson, JA				Stjernman, M; Raberg, L; Nilsson, JA			Survival costs of reproduction in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus): a role for blood parasites?	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES			English	Article						cost of reproduction; reproductive effort; parasite intensity; survival; Haemoproteus; Parus caeruleus	GREAT TIT; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; PLUMAGE COLORATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PIED FLYCATCHER; TRADE-OFFS; BIRDS; PREVALENCE	One of the central tenets in life-history theory is that there is a trade-off between current and future reproduction (i.e. a cost of reproduction). The mechanism for this cost of reproduction is, however, largely unknown. One hypothesis is that the high workload during reproduction compromises resistance to parasites and that the resulting increase in parasitaemia has negative effects on the prospects of future survival. Although empirical evidence for a negative relationship between reproductive effort and parasite resistance exists, the causal relationships between reproductive effort, parasite resistance and future reproduction are still unclear. We use a path analytical approach to investigate whether a change in parasite resistance (as measured by intensities of infections by the blood parasite Haemoproteus) after manipulation of reproductive effort, translates into altered survival in female blue tits. Our results show a negative relationship between reproductive effort and parasite resistance, although evident only in first-year breeders. Moreover, we found survival costs of reproduction in first-year breeders. These costs were, however, not mediated by the blood parasite studied.	Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland	Stjernman, M (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ecol Bldg, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.	martin.stjernman@zooekol.lu.se					Allander K, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P358, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00095.x; ALLANDER K, 1994, J AVIAN BIOL, V25, P69, DOI 10.2307/3677296; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; APANIUS V, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO, V8, P203; Atkinson CT, 1991, BIRD PARASITE INTERA, P19; BEHNKE JM, 1992, INT J PARASITOL, V22, P861, DOI 10.1016/0020-7519(92)90046-N; BENNETT GF, 1982, HOST PARASITE CATALO; BIOZZI G, 1984, ADV IMMUNOL, V36, P189, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60902-5; Brown Margaret E., 1996, Current Ornithology, V13, P67; Cichon M, 2001, ACTA OECOL, V22, P71, DOI 10.1016/S1146-609X(00)01094-8; Dawson RD, 2000, AUK, V117, P373, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0373:EOHPOC]2.0.CO;2; Deerenberg C, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1021, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0141; DESSER SS, 1993, PARASITIC PROTOZOA, V4, P273; EBERT D, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1084, DOI 10.1126/science.265.5175.1084; Erf GF, 2004, POULTRY SCI, V83, P580, DOI 10.1093/ps/83.4.580; Finch C. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.	NOV 22	2004	271	1555					2387	2394		10.1098/rspb.2004.2883				8	Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	878KK	WOS:000225645500011	15556892	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Bize, P; Roulin, A; Tella, JL; Bersier, LF; Richner, H				Bize, P; Roulin, A; Tella, JL; Bersier, LF; Richner, H			Additive effects of ectoparasites over reproductive attempts in the long-lived alpine swift	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Apus melba; cost of plasticity; ectoparasite; hatching asynchrony; Hippoboscidae; life history theory; trade-off between current and future reproduction	LIFE-HISTORY; BLUE TITS; PARASITISM; BIRDS; HIPPOBOSCIDAE; DIPTERA; HOSTS; CHICK; COST; COMPENSATION	1. Parasitism is a non-negligible cost of reproduction in wild organisms, and hosts are selected to partition resources optimally between current and future reproduction. While parents can compensate for the cost of parasitism by increasing their current reproductive investment, such change in resource allocation is expected to carry-over costs on future reproduction. 2. Life history theory predicts that because long-lived organisms have a high residual reproductive value, they should be more reluctant to increase parental effort in response to parasites. Also, when rearing successive infested broods, the cost of parasitism can cumulate over the years and hence be exacerbated by past infestations. 3. We tested these two predictions in the alpine swift Apus melba, a long-lived colonial bird that is infested intensely by the nest-based blood sucking louse-fly Crataerina melbae. For this purpose, we manipulated ectoparasite load over 3 consecutive years and measured reproductive parameters in successive breeding attempts of adults assigned randomly to 'parasitized' and 'deparasitized' treatments. 4. In current reproduction, fathers of experimentally parasitized broods produced a similar number of offspring as fathers from the deparasitized treatment, but the rearing period was prolonged by 4 days. Fathers that were assigned to the parasitized treatment in year x produced significantly fewer fledglings the following year x + 1 than those of the deparasitized treatment. The number of young produced by fathers in year x + 1 was correlated negatively with the number of days they cared for their brood in the previous year x. We also found a significant interaction between treatments performed over 2 successive years, with fathers of parasitized broods suffering a larger fitness loss if in the past they had already cared for a parasitized brood rather than for a deparasitized one. Similar effects of parasitism, although partly non-significant (0.05 < P-values > 0.10), were found in mothers. 5. Altogether, our results show that parasites can modify resource allocation between current and future reproduction in long-lived hosts, and that the cost of parasitism can cumulate over the years. It emphasizes the fact that effects of parasites can depend on past infestations and become apparent in future reproduction only.	Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Inst Zool, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Estac Biol Donana, Dept Appl Biol, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland	Bize, P (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Biol Bldg, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.	pierre.bize@ie-zea.unil.ch	Tella, Jose/I-3707-2015; Richner, Heinz/B-1659-2008; Bersier, Louis-Felix/G-8018-2011; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011	Tella, Jose/0000-0002-3038-7424; Richner, Heinz/0000-0001-7390-0526; Bersier, Louis-Felix/0000-0001-9552-8032; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602			Arn H, 1960, BIOL STUDIEN ALPENSE; BAKER JR, 1967, J PARASITOL, V53, P412, DOI 10.2307/3276603; Bequaert J., 1953, ENTOMOL AM, V32-33, P1; Bize P, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P633, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00734.x; Bize P, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V132, P231, DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0980-y; Bize P, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, pS114, DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0037; Bouslama Z, 2002, IBIS, V144, pE73, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00070_5.x; Christe P, 1996, BEHAV ECOL, V7, P127, DOI 10.1093/beheco/7.2.127; Christe P, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P1087, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0256; Clayton D. 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J	Kortet, R; Vainikka, A; Rantala, MJ; Myntti, J; Taskinen, J				Kortet, R; Vainikka, A; Rantala, MJ; Myntti, J; Taskinen, J			In vitro embryo survival and early viability of larvae in relation to male sexual ornaments and parasite resistance in roach, Rutilus rutilus L.	JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY			English	Article						'good genes' hypothesis; fish; offspring viability; parasitism; sexual selection	GRAY TREE FROGS; GOOD-GENES; MATE CHOICE; RHIPIDOCOTYLE-FENNICA; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP; CALL DURATION; TRADE-OFFS; SELECTION; FISH; IMMUNOLOGY	According to the 'good genes' hypothesis, sexual ornaments provide an indication of the 'quality' of the bearer. In roach, Rutilus rutilus, breeding tubercles (BTs) may signal resistance against the digenean parasite, Rhipidocotyle campanula. Life history theory predicts that there should be a trade-off between parasite resistance and other life history traits. In roach, this could imply a trade-off between parasite resistance in mature fish and some larval feature. We studied embryo survival and the early viability of larvae of male roach in relation to expression of BTs and parasite resistance in maternal half-sibling families. Highly ornamented males had higher resistance against R. campanula than less ornamented males, but the BTs were not related to either embryo survival or larval viability. However, sires having higher resistance to R. campanula had lower larval viability. These results suggest that BTs of male roach do not indicate 'quality' in terms of early survival or viability, but rather in terms of adult parasite resistance.	Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland	Kortet, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.	rkortet@cc.jyu.fi	Kortet, Raine/J-5027-2012	Kortet, Raine/0000-0003-3749-1096; Vainikka, Anssi/0000-0002-0172-5615			Aaltonen TM, 1997, PARASITOLOGY, V114, P285, DOI 10.1017/S0031182096008499; Barber I, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P71, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1331; BATURO B, 1977, Acta Parasitologica Polonica, V24, P203; Braum E., 1978, P102; Brooks R, 2000, NATURE, V406, P67, DOI 10.1038/35017552; Chapman T, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P41, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)00004-6; DEJONG G, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P749, DOI 10.1086/285356; DIAMOND M, 1985, Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, V16, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1985.tb00078.x; Doty GV, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P150, DOI 10.1007/s002650000291; FISHER R. 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L., 1970, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V143, P145; Zar J.H, 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	51	23	25	0	4	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	1010-061X	1420-9101		J EVOLUTION BIOL	J. Evol. Biol.	NOV	2004	17	6					1337	1344		10.1111/j.1420.9101.2004.00760.x				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	864QA	WOS:000224646800023	15525418				2018-11-12	
J	Ellis, BJ				Ellis, BJ			Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: An integrated life history approach	PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN			English	Review							BREAST-CANCER RISK; FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; WOMENS MENSTRUAL CYCLES; 1ST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; COTTON-TOP TAMARINS; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MENARCHEAL AGE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION	Life history theory provides a metatheoretical framework for the study of pubertal timing from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. The current article reviews 5 middle-level theories-energetics theory, stress-suppression theory, psychosocial acceleration theory, paternal investment theory, and child development theory-each of which applies the basic assumptions of life history theory to the question of environmental influences on timing of puberty in girls. These theories converge in their conceptualization of pubertal timing as responsive to ecological conditions but diverge in their conceptualization of (a) the nature, extent, and direction of environmental influences and (b) the effects of pubertal timing on other reproductive variables. Competing hypotheses derived from the 5 perspectives are evaluated. An extension of W. T. Boyce and B.J. Ellis's (in press) theory of stress reactivity is proposed to account for both inhibiting and accelerating effects of psychosocial stress on timing of pubertal development. This review highlights the multiplicity of (often unrecognized) perspectives guiding research, raises challenges to virtually all of these, and presents an alternative framework in an effort to move research forward in this arena of multidisciplinary inquiry.	Univ Arizona, Div Family Studies & Human Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA	Ellis, BJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Div Family Studies & Human Dev, POB 210033, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.	bjellis@email.arizona.edu					Abioye-Kuteyi E. 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Bull.	NOV	2004	130	6					920	958		10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920				39	Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	866MT	WOS:000224778300004	15535743				2018-11-12	
J	Rolff, J; Van de Meutter, F; Stoks, R				Rolff, J; Van de Meutter, F; Stoks, R			Time constraints decouple age and size at maturity and physiological traits	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						damselflies; development; ecological immunology; life-history traits; physiological traits; time constraints	LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; MEALWORM BEETLE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; REACTION NORMS; GROWTH-RATES; BODY-SIZE; RESISTANCE	Life-history theory predicts changes in age and size at maturity in response to constraints in animals with complex life cycles. A critical underlying assumption is that only these traits are optimized during ontogeny. However, it is not clear how altered life histories mechanistically translate into survival and fecundity. Here we present data from damselflies reared from egg to adult under day lengths mimicking the start or end ( time constrained) of the season at high and low food level. These data show that an important component of immunity is suppressed under time-constrained development as well as under low food conditions and that fat storage is affected only by food availability. Intriguingly, the physiological responses are partly decoupled from age and size at maturity, which indicates that the predictive value of traits such as age and size at maturity might well be restricted.	Katholieke Univ Leuven, Aquat Ecol Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England	Stoks, R (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Aquat Ecol Lab, Charles Beriotstr 32, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.	jor@sheffield.ac.uk; frank.vandemeutter@bio.kuleuven.ac.be; robby.stoks@bio.kuleuven.ac.be					Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Arendt JD, 2000, J EXP ZOOL, V288, P219, DOI 10.1002/1097-010X(20001015)288:3<219::AID-JEZ3>3.3.CO;2-3; Barnes AI, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P177, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.0984; Blanckenhorn WU, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P385, DOI 10.1086/393620; Braun A, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P14337, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14337; Chippindale AK, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1342, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02016.x; CHOE JL, 1997, MATING SYSTEMS INSEC; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1988, REPROD SUCCESS; Cohen J, 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA; Day T, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P338, DOI 10.1086/338989; De Block M, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P986, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00581.x; DEBLOCK M, IN PRESS ECOLOGY; DEBLOCK M, 2004, OIKOS, V160, P587; Feder D, 1997, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V43, P513, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(97)00010-3; Fellowes MDE, 2000, HEREDITY, V84, P1, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00685.x; Gotthard K, 2001, EXPTL BIOL REV, P287; Johansson F, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P1242, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1242:LHABRT]2.0.CO;2; Johansson F, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1857, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1857:LHPIAD]2.0.CO;2; Kraaijeveld AR, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P259, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1354; MORAN NA, 1994, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V25, P573, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.003041; Moret Y, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P2475, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2511; Nigam Y, 1997, J INVERTEBR PATHOL, V69, P279, DOI 10.1006/jipa.1996.4652; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; Nylin S, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02377.x; Plaistow S, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1233, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0181; Plaistow S, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P659, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1171; POTVIN C, 2001, DESIGN ANAL ECOLOGIC, P63; Quinn GP, 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; Rolff J, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P472, DOI 10.1126/science.1080623; Rolff J, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P9916, DOI 10.1073/pnas.152271999; Rolff J, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P931; ROLFF J, 2004, IN PRESS P ROYAL S B; ROWE L, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P413, DOI 10.2307/2937184; Ryder JJ, 2001, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V14, P646, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00302.x; *SAS I, 2000, SAS US GUID REL 8 02; Schmid-Hempel P, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P357, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2265; Siva-Jothy MT, 2002, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V27, P206, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3032.2002.00286.x; Siva-Jothy MT, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P465, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00222.x; WERNER EE, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P319, DOI 10.1086/284565; Wiggles worth V.B., 1965, PRINCIPLES INSECT PH	41	71	72	0	21	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147			AM NAT	Am. Nat.	OCT	2004	164	4					559	565		10.1086/423715				7	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	856XR	WOS:000224079900013	15459885				2018-11-12	
J	Flatt, T; Kawecki, TJ				Flatt, T; Kawecki, TJ			Pleiotropic effects of methoprene-tolerant (Met), a gene involved in juvenile hormone metabolism, on life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster	GENETICA			English	Article						allelic variation; Drosophila melanogaster; genetic correlation; juvenile hormone; pleiotropy; trade-off	BRISTLE NUMBER; TRADE-OFFS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CORRELATED RESPONSES; SPONTANEOUS MUTATION; FITNESS COMPONENTS; MOLECULAR ACTIONS; MUTANT RESISTANT; SELECTION; EVOLUTION	Life history theory assumes that there are alleles with pleiotropic effects on fitness components. Although quantitative genetic data are often consistent with pleiotropy, there are few explicit examples of pleiotropic loci. The Drosophila melanogaster gene Methoprene-tolerant ( Met) may be such a locus. The Met gene product, a putative juvenile hormone receptor, facilitates the action of juvenile hormone (JH) and JH analogs; JH affects many life history traits in arthropods. Here we use quantitative complementation to investigate effects of Met mutant and wildtype alleles on female developmental time, onset of reproduction, and fecundity. Whereas the alleles did not differ in their effects on developmental time, we detected allelic variation for the onset of reproduction and for age-specific fecundity. Alleles influenced phenotypic covariances among traits ( developmental time and onset of reproduction; onset of reproduction and both early and late fecundity; early and late fecundity), suggesting that alleles of Met vary in their pleiotropic effects upon life history. Furthermore, the genetic covariance between developmental time and early fecundity attributed to alleles of Met was negative, indicating consistent pleiotropic effects among alleles on these traits. The allelic effects of Met support genetic models where pleiotropy at genes associated with hormone regulation can contribute to the evolution of life history traits.	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J	Westneat, DF; Weiskittle, J; Edenfield, R; Kinnard, TB; Poston, JP				Westneat, DF; Weiskittle, J; Edenfield, R; Kinnard, TB; Poston, JP			Correlates of cell-mediated immunity in nestling house sparrows	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						ecological immunology; immunocompetence; parasitism; Passer domesticus; phytohaemagglutinin	FLEDGLING AMERICAN KESTRELS; GREAT TIT NESTLINGS; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; BODY CONDITION; ZEBRA FINCH; TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; SIZE	Cell-mediated immunity is an important vertebrate defense against pathogens, but components of this response may vary in quality. Such variation could arise through the effects of ecology on optimal immunocompetence. We used injections of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to measure the factors influencing T-cell proliferation in nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Bivariate analyses revealed positive associations with nestling mass and size, but no effect of ectoparasites. The response to PHA was, however, strongly affected by brood identity. A mixed model with brood identity as a random factor and nestling mass, size, number of ectoparasites, parental feeding rate, clutch size, brood size at hatching, and date uncovered significant positive correlations between PHA response and both nestling mass and the brood size at hatching. Because many of these variables are related hierarchically, we used path analysis to explore the relationships in more detail. We found that a nestling immune response was affected by several indirect paths. Brood size at hatch had both positive and negative paths, and date in the season had several indirect negative effects through its effect on brood size and nestling mass. The approach used and the results obtained offer some new ideas for incorporating immune responses into life history theory.	Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA	Westneat, DF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, 101 Morgan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.	biodfw@uky.edu		Westneat, David/0000-0001-5163-8096			Alonso-Alvarez C, 2001, CAN J ZOOL, V79, P101, DOI 10.1139/cjz-79-1-101; Birkhead TR, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P385, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0649; Brinkhof MWG, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2315, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0925; Christe P, 1998, OIKOS, V83, P175, DOI 10.2307/3546559; Christe P, 2000, HEREDITY, V85, P75, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00732.x; Frank S. A., 2002, IMMUNOLOGY EVOLUTION; HATCH MI, 2003, PARENTAL CARE LIFE H; Hein WK, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V65, P1211, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2132; Hoi-Leitner M, 2001, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P333, DOI 10.1007/s002650000310; Horak P, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V121, P316, DOI 10.1007/s004420050934; IMONEN P, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V136, P148; KINNARD TB, 2002, THESIS U KENTUCKY LE; LESSELLS CM, 1987, AUK, V104, P116, DOI 10.2307/4087240; LOCHMILLER RL, 1993, AUK, V110, P503, DOI 10.2307/4088414; Merino S, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P219, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1127; Navarro C, 2003, OIKOS, V101, P291, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.11663.x; PARMENTIER HK, 1993, POULTRY SCI, V72, P1679, DOI 10.3382/ps.0721679; PARMENTIER HK, 1994, POULTRY SCI, V73, P825, DOI 10.3382/ps.0730825; Poiani A, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V47, P230, DOI 10.1007/s002650050660; Raberg L, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1637, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0482; Royle NJ, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P472, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00752.x; Saino N, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P827, DOI 10.2307/5998; Saino N, 1998, OIKOS, V81, P217, DOI 10.2307/3547043; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Smits JE, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P567, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00338.x; Sokal R. R., 1981, BIOMETRY; Sorci G, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1593, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0222; Tella JL, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P891, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1086; Tella JL, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1059, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1951; Tella JL, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1455, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1688; Tella JL, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V123, P453, DOI 10.1007/s004420000331; Tschirren B, 2003, J ANIM ECOL, V72, P839, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00755.x; Westneat DF, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1065, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0400; WESTNEAT DF, 2002, CONDOR, V106, P598; Zuk M, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1631, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0481	35	20	21	0	7	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA	0029-8549			OECOLOGIA	Oecologia	SEP	2004	141	1					17	23		10.1007/s00442-004-1653-9				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	849SC	WOS:000223560000003	15309608				2018-11-12	
J	Helle, S; Lummaa, V; Jokela, J				Helle, S; Lummaa, V; Jokela, J			Accelerated immunosenescence in preindustrial twin mothers	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA			English	Article						immune function; cost of reproduction; longevity; reproductive effort; tuberculosis	LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; TRADE-OFFS; NATURAL-SELECTION; IMMUNE DEFENSE; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LONGEVITY; EVOLUTION; COSTS; WOMEN	Life-history theory predicts a trade off between reproductive effort and lifespan. it has been suggested that this tradeoff is a result of reproductive costs accelerating senescence of the immune system, leading to earlier death. Longevity costs of reproduction are suggested for some human populations, but whether high reproductive effort leads to impaired immune function is unknown. We examined how reproductive effort affected postreproductive survival and the probability of dying of an infectious disease in women born in preindustrial Finland between 1702 and 1859. We found that mothers delivering twins had reduced postreproductive survival after age 65. This effect arose because mothers of twins had a higher probability of succumbing to an infectious disease (mainly tuberculosis) than mothers delivering singletons. The risk among mothers of twins of dying of an infectious disease was further elevated if mothers had started reproducing early. In contrast, neither female postreproductive survival nor the risk of succumbing to an infectious disease was influenced by the total number of offspring produced. Our results provide evidence of a long-term survival cost of twinning in humans and indicate that the mechanism mediating this cost might have been accelerated immunosenescence.	Turku Univ, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland; Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; Oulu Univ, Dept Biol, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland	Helle, S (reprint author), Turku Univ, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.	samuli.helle@utu.fi	Group, JJ/G-2466-2011; Jokela, Jukka/F-8626-2010	Jokela, Jukka/0000-0002-1731-727X			Allison PD, 1995, SURVIVAL ANAL USING; Andersson T, 2000, ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN, V79, P679, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2000.079008679.x; Ardia DR, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1679, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2424; Buchanan KL, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P156, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01812-1; Collett D, 2003, MODELLING SURVIVAL D; Doblhammer G, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1541, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2400; Flynn JL, 2001, INFECT IMMUN, V69, P4195, DOI 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4195-4201.2001; GABLER S, 1994, HUM BIOL, V66, P699; Gavazzi G, 2002, LANCET INFECT DIS, V2, P659, DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00437-1; Ginaldi L, 2001, MICROBES INFECT, V3, P851, DOI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01443-5; GUSTAFSSON L, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P323, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0149; HAUKIOJA E, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P572, DOI 10.1086/284936; Helle S, 2002, SCIENCE, V296, P1085, DOI 10.1126/science.1070106; HELLE S, 2004, EVOLUTION LAWRENCE, V52, P430; HELLE S, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V56, P803; Hosmer D. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Rose M. R, 1991, EVOLUTIONARY BIOL AG; Salami KK, 2003, TWIN RES, V6, P55; Sandland GJ, 2003, TRENDS PARASITOL, V19, P571, DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2003.10.006; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Skinner HG, 2003, CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR, V12, P433; SOININEN AM, 1974, OLD TRADITIONAL AGR; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Wick G, 2003, EXP GERONTOL, V38, P13, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00161-4; WILLIAMS GC, 1957, EVOLUTION, V11, P398, DOI 10.2307/2406060	47	22	22	0	9	NATL ACAD SCIENCES	WASHINGTON	2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA	0027-8424			P NATL ACAD SCI USA	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.	AUG 17	2004	101	33					12391	12396		10.1073/pnas.0402215101				6	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Science & Technology - Other Topics	847QN	WOS:000223410100087	15295101	Bronze, Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Javois, J; Tammaru, T				Javois, J; Tammaru, T			Reproductive decisions are sensitive to cues of life expectancy: the case of a moth	ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR			English	Article							EGG LOAD; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; FRUIT-FLIES; CLUTCH SIZE; FECUNDITY; AGE; RESPONSES; BUTTERFLIES	Life history theory predicts that reproductive effort should increase as life expectancy decreases. Empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis is still fragmentary. We measured the effects of different potential indexes of mortality risk on oviposition in a geometrid moth Scotopteryx chenopodiata L. We conducted two experiments: in one we manipulated mortality risk by clipping wings or depriving the moths of food; in the other we studied the effect of incidental injuries, and varied host quality and food availability. Physical injuries led to a higher oviposition rate and shorter latency (i.e. a shorter discrimination period before oviposition) on both a high-ranked and a low-ranked host. High mortality risk was associated with a shorter latency to oviposit on the low-ranked, but not on the high-ranked host. These effects remained significant when we controlled for the influences of estimated adult age and eggload. Insects deprived of food as adults increased oviposition activity in the first experiment but not in the second. Our results suggest that certain cues of an adverse environment, as well as the individual's terminal condition, can increase reproductive effort and reduce host selectivity in insects. (C) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Tartu, Inst Zool & Hydrobiol, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia	Javois, J (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Zool & Hydrobiol, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia.	juku@ut.ee					Adamo SA, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V57, P117, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1998.0999; Agnew K, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P533, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880309.x; Agnew P, 2000, MICROBES INFECT, V2, P891, DOI 10.1016/S1286-4579(00)00389-0; BEGON M, 1986, OIKOS, V47, P293, DOI 10.2307/3565440; Bernays E. A., 1994, HOST PLANT SELECTION; BOGGS CL, 1986, ECOL ENTOMOL, V11, P7, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1986.tb00274.x; BRABY MF, 1995, OIKOS, V72, P189, DOI 10.2307/3546221; Burkhard DU, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P514, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00453.x; Candolin U, 1999, ANIM BEHAV, V58, P1261, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1259; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; COURTNEY SP, 1989, OIKOS, V55, P55, DOI 10.2307/3565872; Dixon AFG, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P433, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00429.x; FLETCHER JP, 1994, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V258, P163, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1994.0157; Fox SF, 2000, OECOLOGIA, V122, P327, DOI 10.1007/s004420050038; GELLER JB, 1990, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V136, P77, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(90)90101-H; Hayes EJ, 1999, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V24, P1, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3032.1999.00104.x; Kight SL, 2000, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V93, P340, DOI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0340:TDPIIT]2.0.CO;2; KOCH M, 1984, WIR BESTIMMEN SCHMET; Langley PA, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P866, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00262.x; Leather SR, 1987, FUNCT ECOL, V1, P331, DOI 10.2307/2389789; MANGEL M, 1987, J MATH BIOL, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00275885; MIKKOLA K, 1989, MITTARIT, V2; MINKENBERG OPJM, 1992, OIKOS, V65, P134, DOI 10.2307/3544896; Muller HG, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P445, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1370; Olvido AE, 1998, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V91, P488, DOI 10.1093/aesa/91.4.488; PAUL A, 1993, INT J PRIMATOL, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02196506; Polak M, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P2197, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0559; PROKOPY RJ, 1993, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V86, P362, DOI 10.1093/aesa/86.3.362; Riessen HP, 1999, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V56, P2487, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-56-12-2487; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROITBERG BD, 1993, NATURE, V364, P108, DOI 10.1038/364108a0; ROITBERG BD, 1992, BEHAV ECOL, V3, P156, DOI 10.1093/beheco/3.2.156; Rosenheim JA, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P376, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb03773.x; *SAS I INC, 2000, SAS 8 1; SINGER M C, 1986, P65; SINGER MC, 1992, ANIM BEHAV, V44, P463, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(92)90056-F; Sirot E, 1997, BEHAV ECOL, V8, P226, DOI 10.1093/beheco/8.2.226; SKOU P, 1986, GEOMETRID MOTHS N EU; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tammaru T, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P407, DOI 10.2307/3545931; Tammaru T, 2000, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V29, P1002, DOI 10.1603/0046-225X-29.5.1002	41	58	60	1	20	ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	LONDON	24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND	0003-3472	1095-8282		ANIM BEHAV	Anim. Behav.	AUG	2004	68		2				249	255		10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.10.022				7	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	Behavioral Sciences; Zoology	850LW	WOS:000223614300003					2018-11-12	
J	Tieleman, BI; Williams, JB; Ricklefs, RE				Tieleman, BI; Williams, JB; Ricklefs, RE			Nest attentiveness and egg temperature do not explain the variation in incubation periods in tropical birds	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						incubation behaviour; life-history evolution; tropics	LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PREDATION; TIME	1. The wide range in incubation periods among bird species has puzzled biologists for decades, because an extended egg-phase increases time-dependent mortality of the eggs. 2. We investigated a recently proposed mechanistic explanation inspired by life-history theory, suggesting that adults may increase their own survival by reducing nest attentiveness, the percentage of daytime spent incubating eggs, in exchange for reduced offspring (egg) survival due to a longer incubation period. Incubation behaviour and egg temperatures (T-egg) of 14 bird species in the humid lowland tropics were studied to test the hypothesis that lower nest attentiveness and reduced T-egg cause longer incubation periods. 3. Increased nest attentiveness correlated with higher average T-egg. However, neither nest attentiveness nor average T-egg was associated with the length of the incubation period. Longer off-bouts resulted in lower T-egg, but neither number of off-bouts nor off-bout length was associated with incubation period. In addition, we reanalysed a previously published negative association between T-egg and incubation period based on literature data from temperate passerine birds using a larger data set and found no significant correlation. 4. In conclusion, our results do not support the hypothesis that longer incubation periods are caused by reduced nest attentiveness and corresponding lower T-egg.	Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA; Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA	Tieleman, BI (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.	tielemani@umsl.edu					Abouheif E, 1999, EVOL ECOL RES, V1, P895; BOERSMA PD, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P733, DOI 10.1086/284027; BOERSMA PD, 1979, CONDOR, V81, P157, DOI DOI 10.2307/1367282; BOWMAN R., 2002, BIRDS N AM; CAREY C, 2002, AVIAN INCUBATION BEH, P238; Conway CJ, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P670; Cramp S., 1988, HDB BIRDS EUROPE MID; Cramp S, 1994, HDB BIRDS EUROPE MID; CRITTENDEN L, 1961, POULTRY SCI, V40, P1736, DOI 10.3382/ps.0401736; DAVIS SD, 1984, AUK, V101, P556; Drent R, 1975, AVIAN BIOL, V5, P333; FELSENSTEIN J, 1985, AM NAT, V125, P1, DOI 10.1086/284325; GARLAND T, 1992, SYST BIOL, V41, P18, DOI 10.2307/2992503; Geffen E, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P59, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00370.x; Ghalambor CK, 2002, BEHAV ECOL, V13, P101, DOI 10.1093/beheco/13.1.101; GITTLEMAN JL, 1990, SYST ZOOL, V39, P227, DOI 10.2307/2992183; GRAFEN A, 1989, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V326, P119, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1989.0106; Harvey P. H., 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; Lack D., 1968, ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIO; Martin TE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2287, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1281; Martin TE, 1996, J AVIAN BIOL, V27, P263, DOI 10.2307/3677257; Martin TE, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P309, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1879; MORENO J, 1989, ARDEA, V77, P107; POOLE A, 1992, BIRDS N AM, V1; POOLE A, 1993, BIRDS N AM, V40; RAHN H, 1974, CONDOR, V76, P147, DOI 10.2307/1366724; REEVE J, 1999, PHYLOGENETIC INDEPEN; Reid J. M., 2002, AVIAN INCUBATION BEH, P314; RICKLEFS RE, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P4722, DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4722; RICKLEFS RE, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P710, DOI 10.1086/284232; Ricklefs RE, 2002, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V17, P462, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02578-8; RICKLEFS RE, 1983, AUK, V100, P926; RICKLEFS RE, 1987, J EXP ZOOL, P309; RICKLEFS RE, 1998, AVIAN GROWTH DEV EVO, P31; Ricklefs Robert E., 1993, Current Ornithology, V11, P199; Robinson WD, 2000, J AVIAN BIOL, V31, P151, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310207.x; Roff D., 1993, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Sibley CG, 1990, PHYLOGENY CLASSIFICA; Skutch A. F., 1976, PARENT BIRDS THEIR Y; Skutch A. F, 1960, LIFE HIST CENTRAL AM, VII; Skutch A. F, 1969, LIFE HIST CENTRAL AM, VIII; SKUTCH AF, 1949, IBIS, V91, P430, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1949.tb02293.x; SKUTCH AF, 1954, LIFE HIST CENTRAL AM; SKUTCH AF, 1985, NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOL, P575; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; WEBB DR, 1987, CONDOR, V89, P874, DOI 10.2307/1368537; WESTOBY M, 1995, J ECOL, V83, P531, DOI 10.2307/2261605; WILLIAMS JB, 1984, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V57, P118, DOI 10.1086/physzool.57.1.30155974; Williams Joseph B., 1996, P375; WILLIS EDWIN, 1961, CONDOR, V63, P479, DOI 10.2307/1365280	51	33	33	2	31	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0269-8463	1365-2435		FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	AUG	2004	18	4					571	577		10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00882.x				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	839YT	WOS:000222821900011		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Seal, JN; Hunt, JH				Seal, JN; Hunt, JH			Food supplementation affects colony-level life history traits in the annual social wasp Polistes metricus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)	INSECTES SOCIAUX			English	Article						annual life cycle; food supplementation; life history; Polistes; sex ratio	PAPER WASP; COLD-HARDINESS; SIZE; EXCLAMANS; CONSEQUENCES; COMPETITION; BEHAVIOR; FUSCATUS; CASTES; HORNET	A field population of Polistes metricus Say near St. Louis, Missouri was supplemented with dilute Apis mellifera honey and Trichoplusia ni caterpillars during the entire colony development period. Offspring were collected at two times to coincide with emergence of worker and reproductive broods. Food supplementation had no effect on nest size, the number of worker offspring, or the size of workers. Supplemented colonies did produce more females in August but female size was unaffected by supplementation. Supplementation had no effect on the number of males produced, but males were slightly larger on supplemented nests. We interpret these findings in the context of social insect life history theory.	Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA	Seal, JN (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.	seal@bio.fsu.edu	Seal, Jon/M-7396-2018; Hunt, James/D-1740-2009	Seal, Jon/0000-0001-8013-1438; 			Bourke A. F. G., 1995, SOCIAL EVOLUTION ANT; Clapperton BK, 1997, NEW ZEAL J ZOOL, V24, P9, DOI 10.1080/03014223.1997.9518101; DUMAN JG, 1978, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V59, P69, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(78)90308-0; EICKWORT K, 1969, INSECT SOC, V16, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF02224464; GIBO DL, 1976, CAN ENTOMOL, V108, P801, DOI 10.4039/Ent108801-8; Harper J. L., 1977, POPULATION BIOL PLAN; Hodges AC, 2003, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V96, P61, DOI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0061:PAPOPM]2.0.CO;2; Hunt J.H., 1991, P426; Hunt JH, 1996, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V69, P362; Hunt JH, 2003, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V49, P785, DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(03)00115-X; Hunt JH, 1998, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V91, P466, DOI 10.1093/aesa/91.4.466; Hunt JH, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P467, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00369.x; Hunt JH, 2001, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V94, P555, DOI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0555:OOTNSF]2.0.CO;2; HUNT JH, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1318, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05501.x; JEANNE RL, 1995, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V82, P296, DOI 10.1007/BF01134530; LIN N, 1972, P ENTOMOL SOC WASH, V74, P148; LLOYD DG, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P800, DOI 10.1086/284676; METCALF RA, 1980, AM NAT, V116, P642, DOI 10.1086/283655; NOONAN KM, 1978, SCIENCE, V199, P1354, DOI 10.1126/science.199.4335.1354; Oster GF, 1978, CASTE ECOLOGY SOCIAL; PAGE RE, 1989, AM NAT, V134, P731, DOI 10.1086/285008; POLAK M, 1993, BEHAV ECOL, V4, P325, DOI 10.1093/beheco/4.4.325; REED HC, 1991, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V84, P628, DOI 10.1093/aesa/84.6.628; Reeve H.K., 1991, P99; ROSSI AM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P437, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1988.tb00376.x; SCHAAL BA, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P135, DOI 10.1086/283809; SIBLY R, 1988, J THEOR BIOL, V133, P13, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(88)80021-3; StatSoft I, 2003, STATISTICA DAT AN SO; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEIN KJ, 1992, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V21, P148, DOI 10.1093/ee/21.1.148; STOREY KB, 1990, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V326, P635, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1990.0036; STRASSMANN JE, 1984, INSECT SOC, V31, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02223613; Turnbull LA, 1999, J ECOL, V87, P899, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00405.x	33	6	6	1	5	BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG	BASEL	VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND	0020-1812			INSECT SOC	Insect. Soc.	AUG	2004	51	3					239	242		10.1007/s00040-004-0733-5				4	Entomology	Entomology	848KM	WOS:000223466300007					2018-11-12	
J	Cam, E; Monnat, JY; Royle, JA				Cam, E; Monnat, JY; Royle, JA			Dispersal and individual quality in a long lived species	OIKOS			English	Article							CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MODELING HETEROGENEITY; BREEDING BIOLOGY; PAIR-BOND; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD	The idea of differences in individual quality has been put forward in numerous long-term studies in long-lived species to explain differences in lifetime production among individuals. Despite the important role of individual heterogeneity in vital rates in demography, population dynamics and life history theory, the idea of "individual quality" is elusive. It is sometimes assumed to be a static or dynamic individual characteristic. When considered as a dynamic trait, it is sometimes assumed to vary deterministically or stochastically, or to be confounded with the characteristics of the habitat. We addressed heterogeneity in reproductive performance among individuals established in higher-quality habitat in a long-lived seabird species. We used approaches to statistical inference based on individual random effects permitting quantification of heterogeneity in populations and assessment of individual variation from the population mean. We found evidence of heterogeneity in breeding probability, not success probability. We assessed the influence of dispersal on individual reproductive potential. Dispersal is likely to be destabilizing in species with high site and mate fidelity. We detected heterogeneity after dispersal, not before. Individuals may perform well regardless of quality before destabilization, including those that recruited in higher-quality habitat by chance, but only higher-quality individuals may be able to overcome the consequences of dispersal. Importantly, results differed when accounting for individual heterogeneity (an increase in mean breeding probability when individuals dispersed), or not (a decrease in mean breeding probability). In the latter case, the decrease in mean breeding probability may result from a substantial decrease in breeding probability in a few individuals and a slight increase in others. In other words, the pattern observed at the population mean level may not reflect what happens in the majority of individuals.	Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France; US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA	Cam, E (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, Bat 4R3,Salle 209,118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France.	emmacam@cict.fr		Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167			AEBISCHER NJ, 1995, IBIS, V137, P19, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb03215.x; AGRESTI A, 1990, CATEGORICAL DATA ANA; BJORNSTAD ON, 1994, OIKOS, V69, P167, DOI 10.2307/3545298; BRADLEY JS, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P487, DOI 10.2307/4876; BROOKE MDL, 1978, J ANIM ECOL, V47, P477, DOI 10.2307/3795; Brooks SP, 1998, J COMPUT GRAPH STAT, V7, P434, DOI 10.2307/1390675; BROWNIE C, 1993, BIOMETRICS, V49, P1173, DOI 10.2307/2532259; Bryk AS, 1992, HIERARCHICAL LINEAR; Burnham K. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Steele BM, 1996, BIOMETRICS, V52, P1295, DOI 10.2307/2532845; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; VAUPEL JW, 1985, AM STAT, V39, P176, DOI 10.2307/2683925; VAUPEL JW, 1985, SOCIOL METHODOL, P180; Verbeke G., 2000, LINEAR MIXED MODELS; White GC, 2000, METH C CONS, P288; WOOLLER RD, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P111, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90143-Y; ZACK S, 1992, BEHAVIOUR, V123, P194, DOI 10.1163/156853992X00020	90	28	28	0	10	WILEY-BLACKWELL	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0030-1299	1600-0706		OIKOS	Oikos	AUG	2004	106	2					386	398		10.1111/j.0030-1299.2003.13097.x				13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	834QC	WOS:000222424600018					2018-11-12	
J	Forbis, TA; Doak, DF				Forbis, TA; Doak, DF			Seedling establishment and life history trade-offs in alpine plants	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY			English	Article						demography; elasticity; life history; longevity; matrix model; perennial; seedling; trade-off	POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DEMOGRAPHY; HERB; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; ELASTICITY; VIABILITY	Seedling establishment is central to population maintenance for nonclonal plant species. Plants with low recruitment rates are expected to have high survival rates, and life history theory indicates there should be a single curve for the trade-off between recruitment and mortality that applies to most or all plant species. Alpine perennials are thought to have extraordinarily low recruitment rates because of the harsh environment, but the importance of recruitment in the life history of these plants is unknown. Two alpine cushion plant species, Minuartia obtusiloba and Paronychia pulvinata, were used to (1) determine the role of recruitment in population maintenance and (2) determine whether the fecundity/mortality trade-off for these alpine plants falls on or off of the curve for other perennial plant species. Using size-based population projection matrices, we determined that the life history of Minuartia and Paronychia emphasizes recruitment less than that of any other nonclonal species in a literature survey. Estimated maximum life spans of these two species are 200 and 324 yr, respectively, and a regression with other perennial species from the literature indicated that the relationship between fecundity and mortality in these alpine species is consistent with the predicted trade-off curve for perennial species from other environments.	Univ Colorado, Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecol Res Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA	Forbis, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecol Res Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.	tforbis@tnc.org					Arft AM, 1999, ECOL MONOGR, V69, P491, DOI 10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0491:ROTPTE]2.0.CO;2; BELL KL, 1980, ARCTIC ALPINE RES, V12, P1, DOI 10.2307/1550585; Berg H, 2002, ECOGRAPHY, V25, P233, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250211.x; BILLINGS WD, 1968, BIOL REV, V43, P481, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1968.tb00968.x; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; CHAMBERS JC, 1989, J RANGE MANAGE, V42, P304, DOI 10.2307/3899499; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; Charnov EL, 1997, NATURE, V387, P393, DOI 10.1038/387393a0; CHARNOV EL, 1973, AM NAT, V107, P791, DOI 10.1086/282877; CHARRON D, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P431, DOI 10.2307/2260724; Cipollini M. 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J. Bot.	JUL	2004	91	7					1147	1153		10.3732/ajb.91.7.1147				7	Plant Sciences	Plant Sciences	841XC	WOS:000222964400014	21653470	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Blanckenhorn, WU; Heyland, A				Blanckenhorn, WU; Heyland, A			The quantitative genetics of two life history trade-offs in the yellow dung fly in abundant and limited food environments	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY			English	Article						environmental stress; food limitation; genetic correlation; heritability; propagule size; Scathophaga stercoraria	BODY-SIZE; EGG SIZE; OFFSPRING SIZE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SCATHOPHAGA-STERCORARIA; PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS; CORRELATED CHARACTERS; LARVAL PERFORMANCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA	The trade-offs between body size and development time and between egg size and egg number ( clutch size) are central to life history theory, but evidence for them, particularly in terms of genetic correlations, is equivocal. For the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria ( Diptera: Scathophagidae), we investigated variation in phenotypic and genetic variances and covariances, i.e. heritabilities and genetic correlations, of these life history traits ( plus diapause) in benign and stressful larval field or adult laboratory food environments. We found both trade-offs to be weak, as evidenced by low phenotypic and genetic correlations, but stronger in the food limited environments. Broad sense heritabilities were generally significant for all traits considered, whereas the narrow sense heritabilities for egg and clutch size were nil. With regard to the question of how environmental stress affects heritabilities, we found a whole range of responses within one single species depending on the traits considered. All three possible patterns occurred, i.e. increased h(2) due to increased V-G or decreased V-P, decreased h(2) due to increased V-P, and no change in h(2) due to increased V-G and V-P. These can be explained by the particular ecological circumstances yellow dung flies face in their natural environment. Nevertheless, the majority of patterns was consistent with the idea that stressful conditions amplify phenotypic differences between genotypes. Such variable responses of traits even within one organism underscores the complexity of this issue and may well explain the multiple patterns found in various organisms.	Univ Zurich, Zool Museum, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA	Blanckenhorn, WU (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Zool Museum, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.	wolfman@zoolmus.unizh.ch		Heyland, Andreas/0000-0002-7592-4473			Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; ALATALO RV, 1990, AM NAT, V135, P464, DOI 10.1086/285056; Amano K., 1983, Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, V34, P165; ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P720, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00345.x; Becker W A., 1992, MANUAL QUANTITATIVE; BENNETTOVA B, 1981, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V27, P403, DOI 10.1016/0022-1910(81)90019-6; Blanckenhorn WU, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1394, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02021.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 1999, EVOL ECOL, V13, P395, DOI 10.1023/A:1006741222586; Blanckenhorn WU, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V109, P342, DOI 10.1007/s004420050092; Blanckenhorn WU, 2002, GENETICA, V114, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1015181516827; CARRIERE Y, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V102, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF00329806; CHEVERUD JM, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P958, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02514.x; CRNOKRAK P, 1995, HEREDITY, V75, P530, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1995.169; Czesak ME, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1121; Davidowitz G, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P49; DeMoed GH, 1997, GENET RES, V70, P35, DOI 10.1017/S0016672397002930; EBERT D, 1993, HEREDITY, V70, P335, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1993.48; EBERT D, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, P453; FALCONER DS, 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; FOSTER W, 1967, SCIENCE, V158, P1596, DOI 10.1126/science.158.3808.1596; FOX CW, 1994, HEREDITY, V73, P509, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1994.149; FRY JD, 1992, EVOLUTION, V46, P540, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02057.x; GEBHARDTHENRICH SG, 1991, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V4, P341, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1991.4030341.x; GIBBONS D S, 1980, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, V116, P25; Grill CP, 1997, HEREDITY, V78, P261; Hoffmann A.A., 1991, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC; Hoffmann AA, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P96, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01595-5; HONEK A, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P483, DOI 10.2307/3544943; Jann P, 1999, FUNCT ECOL, V13, P51, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00269.x; Jann P, 2000, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V13, P927, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00230.x; Kause A, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P471, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00045.x; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; LANDE R, 1983, EVOLUTION, V37, P1210, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb00236.x; Lazarevic J, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P141, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00166.x; LESSELLS CM, 1989, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V2, P457, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1989.2060457.x; Lynch M, 1998, GENETICS ANAL QUANTI; Mappes T, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P645, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01686.x; Merila J, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P526, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02440.x; MOLLER A. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Su GS, 1997, AQUACULTURE, V154, P115, DOI 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00050-1; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; VIA S, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P896, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00360.x; Weigensberg I, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P2149, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03605.x; WOOTTON RJ, 1979, S ZOOL SOC LOND, V44, P133; Zera AJ, 2001, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V32, P95, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006	62	22	23	0	17	SPRINGER	DORDRECHT	VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS	0269-7653	1573-8477		EVOL ECOL	Evol. Ecol.	JUL	2004	18	4					385	402		10.1007/s10682-004-2680-z				18	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	918GM	WOS:000228530300006					2018-11-12	
J	Griebeler, EM; Bohning-Gaese, K				Griebeler, EM; Bohning-Gaese, K			Evolution of clutch size along latitudinal gradients: revisiting Ashmole's hypothesis	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						clutch size; cost of reproduction; density dependence; fecundity; seasonality of resources; survival; tropical vs temperate	TITS PARUS-CAERULEUS; BROOD-MANIPULATION EXPERIMENTS; AVIAN LIFE-HISTORIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; PIED FLYCATCHERS; SURVIVAL RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PARENTAL CARE; TRADE-OFF; REPRODUCTION	Birds display a latitudinal gradient in clutch size. Ashmole's hypothesis explains this geographic pattern by differences in seasonality of resources resulting in different levels of winter mortality. Ashmole assumed that populations are strongly limited by resources during the non-breeding season. and the level of resources available in the breeding season relative to the non-breeding season determines clutch size. The main problem with Ashmole's hypothesis is that it does not take into consideration trade-offs of reproduction. Applying a simulation approach and concepts of life-history theory, we therefore re-evaluate the hypothesis. In particular, we analyse four alternative mechanisms that may generate a gradient in clutch size: (1) differences in levels of seasonality of resources causing winter mortality and no cost of reproduction (= Ashmole's hypothesis): (2) differences in levels of seasonality of resources and a cost of reproduction that may act on juveniles and/or adults (3) no differences in levels of seasonality of resources but there is a cost of reproduction: and (4) no differences in levels of seasonality of resources and no cost of reproduction. To model cost of reproduction, three general cost functions were assumed: linear, hyperbolic or exponential decrease in future survival of individuals for increasing clutch sizes. Whereas the mechanisms implemented in alternatives (1), (3) and (4) did not generate a gradient in clutch size, those given in alternative (2) were able to generate this pattern. This suggests that Ashmole identified seasonality of resources as one important mechanism for geographic variation in clutch size, but did not recognize cost of reproduction as a second mechanism. In particular. we observed the gradient in our simulations in two situations: (i) linear or hyperbolic cost of reproduction for offspring and no costs for parents, and (ii) linear or hyperbolic cost of reproduction for offspring together with any type of cost of reproduction for parents. In these situations, widely accepted differences and correlations among life-table variables of tropical and temperate avian species did hold. Our results are valid for a wide range of geographic clutch size variation that may be the result of adaptation to seasonal environments.	Univ Mainz, Zool Inst, Dept Ecol, D-55099 Mainz, Germany	Griebeler, EM (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Zool Inst, Dept Ecol, POB 3980, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.	griebel@oekologie.biologie.uni-mainz.de					ASHMOLE N. P., 1963, IBIS, V103b, P458, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1963.tb06766.x; Bauer H.-G., 1995, VOGEL BADEN WURTTEMB; Bell CP, 1996, BIRD STUDY, V43, P333, DOI 10.1080/00063659609461026; Blondel J, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V117, P80, DOI 10.1007/s004420050634; Bohning-Gaese K, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P823; Brown J.H., 1998, BIOGEOGRAPHY; Brown WP, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P958, DOI 10.2307/3071905; Cardillo M, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P79, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00577.x; CAVE A J, 1968, Netherlands Journal of Zoology, V18, P313; Cody M. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tavecchia G, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P165, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0165:SAARVI]2.0.CO;2; Van Zyl AJ, 1999, OSTRICH, V70, P127, DOI 10.1080/00306525.1999.9634527; Veasey JS, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P20, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00476.x; Vygodskaya N, 1995, J BIOGEOGR, V22, P433, DOI 10.2307/2845940; Yom-Tov Y, 2002, EVOL ECOL RES, V4, P673	60	20	21	0	24	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	JUL	2004	6	5					679	694						16	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	833TK	WOS:000222362000003					2018-11-12	
J	Milonoff, M; Poysa, H; Runko, P; Ruusila, V				Milonoff, M; Poysa, H; Runko, P; Ruusila, V			Brood rearing costs affect future reproduction in the precocial common goldeneye Bucephala clangula	JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY			English	Article							LESSER SNOW GOOSE; AVIAN CLUTCH SIZE; EGG-PRODUCTION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; CANADA GEESE; TRADE-OFF; INCUBATION; BEHAVIOR; FITNESS; BUFFLEHEAD	Life-history theory assumes a trade-off between current reproductive effort and future reproductive success. There are a large number of studies demonstrating reproductive trade-offs in different animal taxa, particularly in birds. Most bird studies have focused on the costs of chick rearing in altricial species. These costs have been assumed to be low in precocial species, but this aspect has been little studied. We used long-term individual reproductive data from the common goldeneye Bucephala clangula, an iteroparous precocial duck with uniparental female care, to examine whether brood rearing carries costs that affect future reproductive performance. All females were experienced breeders, and possible differences in female quality were ruled out. We compared within-individual (between-year) changes in clutch size, hatching date and body mass between females that had reared a brood in the previous year and females that had not. It turned out that brood rearing involved a cost in terms of clutch size and hatching date the next year, but not in terms of body mass: females that had reared a brood in the previous year laid relatively smaller clutches and laid relatively later than females that had not reared a brood. Our results show that normal brood rearing in a precocial species involves costs that affect future reproduction.	Joensuu Game & Fisheries Res, Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FIN-80100 Joensuu, Finland	Poysa, H (reprint author), Joensuu Game & Fisheries Res, Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Kauppakatu 18-20, FIN-80100 Joensuu, Finland.	hannu.poysa@rkt1.fi	Poysa, Hannu/C-2601-2014				Ahlund M, 2001, NATURE, V414, P600, DOI 10.1038/414600b; Bell G., 1986, Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, V3, P83; CHARNOV EL, 1974, IBIS, V116, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00241.x; Cohen J, 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA; DOW H, 1983, J ANIM ECOL, V52, P681, DOI 10.2307/4447; DOW H, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P679, DOI 10.2307/4543; Eadie J.M., 1995, Birds of North America, V170, P1; Eadie JM, 1998, AM NAT, V151, P397, DOI 10.1086/286128; EADIE JM, 1989, THESIS U BRIT COLUMB; FORSLUND P, 1993, ANIM BEHAV, V45, P965, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1115; Golet GH, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P827, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00233.x; HEANEY V, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V261, P361, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0160; Heaney V, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1719, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0251; Lessells C.M., 1991, P32; LESSELLS CM, 1987, ARDEA, V75, P189; LESSELLS CM, 1986, J ANIM ECOL, V55, P669, DOI 10.2307/4747; Loonen MJJE, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P753, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00325.x; MALLORY ML, 1993, CONDOR, V95, P849, DOI 10.2307/1369422; Milonoff M, 2002, IBIS, V144, P585, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00098.x; Milonoff M, 1998, WILDLIFE BIOL, V4, P73; Monaghan P, 1997, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V12, P270, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01094-X; Monaghan P, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1731, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0495; MONAGHAN P, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V259, P189, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0027; Nager RG, 2001, J AVIAN BIOL, V32, P159, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2001.320209.x; Poysa H, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V40, P101, DOI 10.1007/s002650050321; POYSA H, 1992, BEHAVIOUR, V123, P247, DOI 10.1163/156853992X00048; Reid JM, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P37, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.0963; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Rohwer Frank C., 1992, P486; Ruusila V, 1998, ANIM BEHAV, V55, P307, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1997.0630; SAVARD JPL, 1987, CAN J ZOOL, V65, P1548, DOI 10.1139/z87-239; SAVARD JPL, 1989, CONDOR, V91, P198, DOI 10.2307/1368163; SAVARD JPL, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P3439, DOI 10.1139/z82-433; SEDDON LM, 1994, CAN J ZOOL, V72, P533, DOI 10.1139/z94-071; SIIKAMAKI P, 1995, J AVIAN BIOL, V26, P76, DOI 10.2307/3677215; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1989, FUNCT ECOL, V3, P259, DOI 10.2307/2389364; Steidl RJ, 1997, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V61, P270, DOI 10.2307/3802582; Thomson DL, 1998, BIOL REV, V73, P293, DOI 10.1017/S0006323198005180; Visser ME, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1271, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1661; Wiebe KL, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P463; WILKINSON L, 1992, SYSTAT SYSTEM STAT; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WILLIAMS TD, 1994, AUK, V111, P563; Winkler D.W., 1983, Current Ornithology, V1, P33; Zicus MC, 1996, WILSON BULL, V108, P61	46	29	29	1	17	BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD	COPENHAGEN	35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK	0908-8857			J AVIAN BIOL	J. Avian Biol.	JUL	2004	35	4					344	351		10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03215.x				8	Ornithology	Zoology	843LR	WOS:000223085900008					2018-11-12	
J	Karvonen, A; Kirsi, S; Hudson, PJ; Valtonen, ET				Karvonen, A; Kirsi, S; Hudson, PJ; Valtonen, ET			Patterns of cercarial production from Diplostomum spathaceum: terminal investment or bet hedging?	PARASITOLOGY			English	Article						transmission; life-history; terminal investment; bet hedging; parasite-induced mortality; Diplostomum spathaceum; Trematoda; Lymnaea stagnalis	SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI CERCARIAE; BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA; TREMATODE CERCARIAE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; HALIPEGUS-OCCIDUALIS; HELISOMA-ANCEPS; LIFE-CYCLES; TRANSMISSION; EMERGENCE; BEHAVIOR	In the production of the infective cercariae of trematodes, the terminal investment hypothesis of life-history theory predicts that the rate of host exploitation and cercarial production should increase during the period of cercarial shedding since the reproductive value of the parasite decreases during this period. In contrast, a bet hedging hypothesis that focuses Oil the success of transmission when host contact rate is variable predicts that cercarial production should decrease in an attempt to keep the host alive for longer and thus would increase the probability Of Successful transmission. We examined these two hypotheses tinder laboratory conditions and recorded the production of Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae from naturally infected snail hosts, Lymnaea stagnalis. The average number of cercariae produced per day decreased as the snail]test approached death counter to the terminal investment hypothesis. The finding supports the prediction of the bet hedging hypothesis and implies that the pattern of cercarial production may be explained by reduced virulence of the parasite within the snails to ensure extended total production time of cercariae. Nevertheless, survival of infected snails was still lower than uninfected snails suggesting that ultimately the infection still increased snail mortality rate. Cercarial production varied between days but was not cyclic, probably because of the physiology of the sporocysts within snails. Fewer cercariae were released at night, which may increase transmission efficiency to diurnally-active fish hosts. The mechanisms associated with daily cercarial production are discussed.	Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; Univ Stirling, Dept Biol Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland	Karvonen, A (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.	anskarv@bytl.jyu.fi					Anderson RM, 1991, INFECT DIS HUMANS DY; ASCH HL, 1972, EXP PARASITOL, V31, P350, DOI 10.1016/0014-4894(72)90096-3; BECKER W, 1980, Z PARASITENKD, V63, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF00927526; Boissier J, 2003, J PARASITOL, V89, P429, DOI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0429:ABOTSB]2.0.CO;2; BURROUGH RJ, 1978, J FISH BIOL, V13, P19, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb03409.x; Candolin U, 2000, ANIM BEHAV, V60, P417, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2000.1481; Chappell L.H., 1994, P59; CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P212, DOI 10.1086/284198; COMBES C, 1994, PARASITOLOGY, V109, pS3, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000085048; COMBES C, 2001, PARASITISM ECOLOGY E; Ericsson G, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1613, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1613:ARREAS]2.0.CO;2; Fenton A, 2002, OIKOS, V96, P92, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960110.x; Fried B, 1997, ADV TREMATODE BIOL; Fried Bernard, 1997, P1; GOATER TM, 1989, J PARASITOL, V75, P553, DOI 10.2307/3282905; HAAS W, 1994, PARASITOLOGY, V109, pS15, DOI 10.1017/S003118200008505X; Helfman G.S., 1986, P366; Jokela J, 1999, OECOLOGIA, V119, P320, DOI 10.1007/s004420050792; Karvonen A, 2003, PARASITOLOGY, V127, P217, DOI 10.1017/S0031182003003561; KENWARD R, 1987, WILDLIFE RADIO TAGGI; Lauckner G., 1986, P391; LEWIS MC, 1989, PARASITOLOGY, V99, P215, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000058662; McCarthy HO, 2002, J PARASITOL, V88, P910, DOI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0910:LHALCP]2.0.CO;2; MEULEMAN E A, 1972, Netherlands Journal of Zoology, V22, P355; Parker GA, 2003, NATURE, V425, P480, DOI 10.1038/nature02012; PENNYCUICK L, 1971, PARASITOLOGY, V63, P407, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000079932; REES G, 1948, PARASITOLOGY, V38, P228, DOI 10.1017/S0031182000023179; Rizzoli A., 2002, ECOLOGY WILDLIFE DIS; SHOSTAK AW, 1990, J PARASITOL, V76, P790, DOI 10.2307/3282796; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; THERON A, 1984, J PARASITOL, V70, P652, DOI 10.2307/3281744; Valtonen ET, 1997, ANN ZOOL FENN, V34, P47; Vayrynen T, 2000, ANN ZOOL FENN, V37, P189; Weladji RB, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P79, DOI 10.1007/s00442-001-0864-6; WIESER W, 1991, CYPRINID FISHES SYST, P426; WILLIAMS GC, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P687, DOI 10.1086/282461; WOOTTEN R, 1974, J HELMINTHOL, V48, P73, DOI 10.1017/S0022149X00022628; Wootton R. J., 1990, ECOLOGY TELEOST FISH	38	41	42	0	11	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS	NEW YORK	32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA	0031-1820	1469-8161		PARASITOLOGY	Parasitology	JUL	2004	129		1				87	92		10.1017/S0031182004005281				6	Parasitology	Parasitology	842BI	WOS:000222977100009	15267115				2018-11-12	
J	Guinnee, MA; West, SA; Little, TJ				Guinnee, MA; West, SA; Little, TJ			Testing small clutch size models with Daphnia	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						clutch size; Daphnia magna; egg size; litter size; resource allocation; trade-off	OPTIMAL OFFSPRING SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; 1ST REPRODUCTION; MATERNAL SIZE; SEX-CHANGE; AGE; ALLOCATION; CONSEQUENCES; PLASTICITY; INVARIANTS	Life-history theory predicts that for small clutches, variance in egg size (between individuals) should decrease in a predictable invariant manner as clutch size increases. To test this, we studied Daphnia magna at 350 different food treatments and recorded the number of eggs and the volume of each egg for their first clutch. As predicted, we found that the relationship between clutch size and resources devoted to reproduction was linear, variance in egg volume decreased with increasing clutch size, and resources were shared relatively equally between the eggs in a clutch. However, we found that the rate at which the range of egg volumes decreased with clutch size was slower than predicted. We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy, including a lower limit on the volume of eggs that are produced and selection for smaller eggs when food is abundant. Consistent with this, we found that mean egg volume decreased with increasing clutch size.	Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland	Guinnee, MA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Anim & Populat Biol, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.	meghan.gannon@ed.ac.uk; stu.west@ed.ac.uk; tom.little@ed.ac.uk	West, Stuart/M-3608-2014; Little, Tom/B-7890-2009	West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153; Little, Tom/0000-0002-8945-0416	Wellcome Trust		Allsop DJ, 2003, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V16, P921, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00590.x; Allsop DJ, 2003, NATURE, V425, P783, DOI 10.1038/425783a; BELL G, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V60, P378, DOI 10.1007/BF00376855; BOERSMA M, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P1251, DOI 10.2307/1940932; BRADLEY MC, 1991, BIOL J LINN SOC, V44, P325, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00623.x; Charnov EL, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P1067; CHARNOV EL, 1995, EVOL ECOL, V9, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01237697; CHARNOV EL, 1995, NATURE, V376, P418, DOI 10.1038/376418a0; Charnov EL, 1997, NATURE, V387, P393, DOI 10.1038/387393a0; Charnov EL, 2001, EVOL ECOL RES, V3, P521; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Downhower JF, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P6208, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6208; EBERT D, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P568, DOI 10.2307/1939560; EBERT D, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, P453; Gemmill AW, 1999, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V12, P1148, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00117.x; GLAZIER DS, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P910, DOI 10.2307/1940168; GLIWICZ AM, 1992, OECOLOGIA BERLIN, V9, P463; Godfray HCJ., 1994, PARASITOIDS BEHAV EV; GOULDEN CE, 1987, OECOLOGIA, V72, P28, DOI 10.1007/BF00385040; GREEN J, 1966, J ANIM ECOL, V35, P77, DOI 10.2307/2691; HOOD G, 2002, POPTOOLS VERSION 2 5; HUTCHINSON G. E., 1951, ECOLOGY, V32, P571, DOI 10.2307/1931745; KLUTTGEN B, 1994, WATER RES, V28, P743, DOI 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90157-0; LAMPERT W, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1455, DOI 10.2307/1940074; Little TJ, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P796, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00436.x; Little TJ, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P1146; LYNCH M, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P246, DOI 10.2307/1938430; Mayhew PJ, 1998, BEHAV ECOL, V9, P54, DOI 10.1093/beheco/9.1.54; Rees M, 1997, OIKOS, V78, P116, DOI 10.2307/3545807; RICE WR, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P225, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.1.225; Roff Derek A., 1992; SAS Institute, 1999, SAS SYST VERS 8 0; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STIBOR H, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P97, DOI 10.2307/2390117; TESSIER AJ, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P468, DOI 10.2307/2937188; TESSIER AJ, 1989, OIKOS, V56, P269, DOI 10.2307/3565347; THRELKELD ST, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P601, DOI 10.4319/lo.1979.24.4.0601; WEIDER LJ, 1993, OIKOS, V67, P385, DOI 10.2307/3545351; West SA, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P577, DOI 10.1093/beheco/12.5.577; WESTOBY M, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P368, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90006-W	41	20	20	0	7	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147	1537-5323		AM NAT	Am. Nat.	JUN	2004	163	6					880	887		10.1086/386553				8	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	832LE	WOS:000222268200010	15266385				2018-11-12	
J	Ledder, G; Logan, JD; Joern, A				Ledder, G; Logan, JD; Joern, A			Dynamic energy budget models with size-dependent hazard rates	JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article						dynamic energy budget models; predation; life history theory	GROWTH; ALLOCATION; STRATEGIES; REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTION	We formulate and analyze two dynamic energy budget models, a net assimilation model with constant allocation strategy and a net production model with a 2-stage allocation strategy, with the objective of determining strategies that maximize the expected lifetime reproductive energy. The per capita death rate depends on the organism's size, as for example when the main cause of death is predation. In the analysis of the net production model, the size at maturity is calculated along with the probability of reaching that size. We show that a small probability of survival to maturity is incompatible with the simple assumption of an exponential survival probability. We demonstrate that when the hazard rate is significantly greater for small individuals than large ones, it is possible for the optimum strategy to be for an individual to grow to a large size in spite of an arbitrarily small probability of survival to maturity. Numerical simulations indicate how the optimal allocation strategies depend on the parameter values.	Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA; Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA	Ledder, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.	gledder@math.unl.edu					COHEN D, 1971, J THEOR BIOL, V33, P299, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(71)90068-3; GURNEY WSC, 1998, ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; KING D, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V22, P1, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(82)90032-6; Kooijman S. A. L. M, 2000, DYNAMIC ENERGY MASS; KOZLOWSKI J, 1986, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V29, P16; LEON JA, 1976, J THEOR BIOL, V60, P301, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(76)90062-X; Lika K, 2000, J MATH BIOL, V41, P361, DOI 10.1007/s002850000049; MIRMIRANI M, 1978, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V13, P304, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(78)90049-7; Nisbet RM, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P913, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00448.x; Noonburg EG, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P211, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00174.x; Pearl R, 1935, Q REV BIOL, V10, P60, DOI 10.1086/394476; PERRIN N, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P1344, DOI 10.1086/285390; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROSS AH, 1990, FUNCT ECOL, V4, P777, DOI 10.2307/2389444; SIBLY RM, 1986, EVOLUTIONARY PHYSL E; STEARNS SC, 1992, EVOLUTON LIFE HIST; VINCENT TL, 1980, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V17, P215, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(80)90007-6; ZIOLKO M, 1983, MATH BIOSCI, V64, P127, DOI 10.1016/0025-5564(83)90032-9	18	5	6	0	4	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG	HEIDELBERG	TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY	0303-6812	1432-1416		J MATH BIOL	J. Math. Biol.	JUN	2004	48	6					605	622		10.1007/s00285-003-0263-1				18	Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology	823VV	WOS:000221642700002	15164225				2018-11-12	
J	Steer, BLM; Jackson, GD				Steer, BLM; Jackson, GD			Temporal shifts in the allocation of energy in the arrow squid, Nototodarus gouldi: sex-specific responses	MARINE BIOLOGY			English	Article							FLEXIBLE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; CALAMARY SEPIOTEUTHIS-AUSTRALIS; SHORT-FINNED SQUID; ILLEX-ILLECEBROSUS; IDIOSEPIUS-PYGMAEUS; LOLIGO-FORBESI; PHOTOLOLIGO SP; CEPHALOPODA; OMMASTREPHIDAE; MATURATION	Squid typically display considerable intra-specific plasticity in size and age-at-maturity in response to ambient environmental conditions, yet little is known of the mechanisms driving these variations. We examined the intra-specific variability in Nototodarus gouldi reproductive traits to determine patterns of energy allocation between somatic and reproductive processes over short temporal scales. Females caught during the cool months of May and July were larger, had slower lifetime growth, lower gonad investment, and better somatic condition than females caught during the warmer months, suggesting a trade-off between gonad investment and somatic condition in females. On the other hand, males showed a tight coupling between somatic condition and gonad investment for most months, with increases in somatic and gonad tissue occurring concurrently. In male squid, an increase in lifetime growth rate was coupled with an increase in the relative weights of somatic and reproductive structures, whereas in females, percent increase in body weight per day was correlated only with gonad development. Patterns of repro-somatic investment in mature females had implications for spawning strategies, since female squid with higher levels of gonad investment apparently released batches of eggs together as a group, regardless of body size, whereas females with low gonad investment possibly spawned their eggs independently of one another. In terms of life-history theory, male squid were able to respond rapidly to environmental fluctuations without compromising either the gonad or the soma. However, although mature females did not appear to respond as quickly to ambient conditions, female squid possibly produced two different reproductive strategies, possibly to maximise offspring survival in either a stable or a variable environment. It seems from our study that monthly variations in ambient conditions may have large effects on life-history strategies.	Univ Tasmania, Inst Antarctic & So Ocean Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia	Steer, BLM (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Antarctic & So Ocean Studies, Private Bag 77, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.	bmcgrath@utas.edu.au					Arkhipkin A, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P31, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.1999.0488; BOYLE PR, 1995, MAR BIOL, V121, P501, DOI 10.1007/BF00349459; BOYLE PR, 1990, FISH RES, V8, P303, DOI 10.1016/0165-7836(90)90001-C; Boyle PR, 1996, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V351, P985, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1996.0089; Butler A., 2002, ASSESSMENT CONSERVAT; CALOW P, 1979, BIOL REV, V54, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1979.tb00866.x; Calow P, 1987, CEPHALOPOD LIFE CYCL, VII, P351; CHAI FS, 1974, THAL JUGOSLAVICA, V10, P121; COLLINS MA, 1995, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V75, P621, DOI 10.1017/S0025315400039059; Forsythe J.W., 1987, P135; Gonzalez AF, 1996, SARSIA, V81, P107, DOI 10.1080/00364827.1996.10413616; Green AJ, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1473, DOI 10.2307/2680003; HARMAN RF, 1989, MAR BIOL, V101, P513, DOI 10.1007/BF00541653; Hopper KR, 1999, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V44, P535, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.535; HUGHES RN, 1980, OECOLOGIA, V47, P130, DOI 10.1007/BF00541788; JACKSON GD, 1993, FISH B-NOAA, V91, P260; Jackson GD, 1997, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V54, P2907, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-54-12-2907; Jackson GD, 2002, MAR BIOL, V140, P747, DOI 10.1007/s00227-001-0746-9; Jackson GD, 2003, MAR BIOL, V142, P925, DOI 10.1007/s00227-002-1005-4; Juanico M., 1983, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, V231, P341; LEWIS AR, 1993, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V50, P20, DOI 10.1139/f93-003; Mangold K., 1987, P157; Maxwell MR, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V199, P159, DOI 10.3354/meps199159; McGrath BL, 2002, MAR BIOL, V141, P699, DOI 10.1007/s00227-002-0864-z; Moltschaniwskyj NA, 2000, J ZOOL, V251, P307, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01081.x; MOLTSCHANIWSKYJ NA, 1995, MAR BIOL, V124, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF00349154; ODOR RK, 1986, AM MALACOL BULL, V4, P55; ODOR RK, 1977, BIOL BULL, V153, P322, DOI 10.2307/1540438; Pecl G, 2001, MAR BIOL, V138, P93, DOI 10.1007/s002270000452; PHILIPPI T, 1989, AM NAT, V115, P623; Rocha F, 2001, BIOL REV, V76, P291, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005681; Rochet MJ, 2000, ICES J MAR SCI, V57, P228, DOI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0641; RODHOUSE PG, 1990, PHILOS T R SOC B, V329, P229, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1990.0167; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROWE VL, 1975, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V17, P157, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(75)90028-3; Semmens JM, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V193, P135, DOI 10.3354/meps193135; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Steer MA, 2003, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V261, P175, DOI 10.3354/meps261175; Steer MA, 2003, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V54, P217, DOI 10.1071/MF02107; STEER MA, 2004, THESIS U TASMANIA; Tafur R, 2001, FISH RES, V54, P33, DOI 10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00379-4; TRIANTAFILLOS L, 2004, IN PRESS ICES J MAR; Yampolsky LY, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P86, DOI 10.1086/285841	43	10	10	0	10	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG	HEIDELBERG	TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY	0025-3162	1432-1793		MAR BIOL	Mar. Biol.	JUN	2004	144	6					1141	1149		10.1007/s00227-003-1289-z				9	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Marine & Freshwater Biology	825IZ	WOS:000221751300010					2018-11-12	
J	Doherty, PF; Schreiber, EA; Nichols, JD; Hines, JE; Link, WA; Schenk, GA; Schreiber, RW				Doherty, PF; Schreiber, EA; Nichols, JD; Hines, JE; Link, WA; Schenk, GA; Schreiber, RW			Testing life history predictions in a long-lived seabird: a population matrix approach with improved parameter estimation	OIKOS			English	Article							NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; EL-NINO; BREEDING PROBABILITIES; ELASTICITY ANALYSES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; AGE	Life history theory and associated empirical generalizations predict that population growth rate (lambda) in long-lived animals should be most sensitive to adult survival; the rates to which lambda is most sensitive should be those with the smallest temporal variances; and stochastic environmental events should most affect the rates to which lambda is least sensitive. To date, most analyses attempting to examine these predictions have been inadequate, their validity being called into question by problems in estimating parameters, problems in estimating the variability of parameters, and problems in measuring population sensitivities to parameters. We use improved methodologies in these three areas and test these life-history predictions in a population of red-tailed tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda). We support our first prediction that lambda is most sensitive to survival rates. However the support for the second prediction that these rates have the smallest temporal variance was equivocal. Previous support for the second prediction may be an artifact of a high survival estimate near the upper boundary of 1 and not a result of natural selection canalizing variances alone. We did not support our third prediction that effects of environmental stochasticity (El Nino) would most likely be detected in vital rates to which lambda was least sensitive and which are thought to have high temporal variances. Comparative data-sets on other seabirds, within and among orders, and in other locations, are needed to understand these environmental effects.	Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA; USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA; GA Schenk, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA	Doherty, PF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.	doherty@cnr.colostate.edu					AINLEY DG, 1988, P 19 INT ORN C NAT M; ANDERSON DJ, 1989, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V52, P209, DOI 10.3354/meps052209; BAILEY EP, 1972, CONDOR, V74, P215, DOI 10.2307/1366292; Beadell JS, 2003, AUK, V120, P811, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0811:SOBBSL]2.0.CO;2; Benton TG, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P115, DOI 10.1086/285843; Benton TG, 1999, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V14, P467, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01724-3; Boersma PD, 1998, CONDOR, V100, P245, DOI 10.2307/1370265; BRAULT S, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1444, DOI 10.2307/1940073; Brichetti P, 2000, WATERBIRDS, V23, P147; Burnham K. 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A., 2001, BIOL MARINE BIRDS; SCHREIBER EA, 1989, NATL GEOGR RES, V5, P64; SCHREIBER EA, 1994, COLON WATERBIRD, V17, P105, DOI 10.2307/1521289; SCHREIBER EA, 1993, BIRDS N AM, V43; SCHREIBER EA, 2000, BREEDING BIOL ECOLOG; SCHREIBER RW, 1984, SCIENCE, V225, P713, DOI 10.1126/science.225.4663.713; Schwarz CJ, 2000, BIOMETRICS, V56, P59, DOI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00059.x; SEBER GAF, 1965, BIOMETRIKA, V52, P249; Skalski J. R., 1992, TECHNIQUES WILDLIFE; Spendelow JA, 2002, J APPL STAT, V29, P385, DOI 10.1080/02664760120108764; STEARNS SC, 1994, EVOLUTION, V48, P1438, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02186.x; Trenberth KE, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V103, P14291, DOI 10.1029/97JC01444; Trenberth KE, 1997, B AM METEOROL SOC, V78, P2771, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2; WHITE GC, 1983, J WILDLIFE MANAGE, V47, P716, DOI 10.2307/3808607; Williams B. K., 2002, ANAL MANAGEMENT VERT; Wisdom MJ, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P628, DOI 10.2307/177365; Work TM, 1999, J WILDLIFE DIS, V35, P487, DOI 10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.487; WYRTKI K, 1975, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V5, P572, DOI 10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005<0572:ENTDRO>2.0.CO;2	62	36	38	3	38	BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD	COPENHAGEN	35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK	0030-1299			OIKOS	Oikos	JUN	2004	105	3					606	618						13	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	821CT	WOS:000221438100015					2018-11-12	
J	McNamara, JM; Welham, RK; Houston, AI; Daan, S; Tinbergen, JM				McNamara, JM; Welham, RK; Houston, AI; Daan, S; Tinbergen, JM			The effects of background mortality on optimal reproduction in a seasonal environment	THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY			English	Article						optimal annual routines; life history theory; mortality; reproduction; condition; entrainment	OPTIMAL LIFE HISTORIES; FOOD-CACHING BIRDS; DYNAMIC-MODEL; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; FAT RESERVES; CLUTCH SIZE; TRADE-OFFS; PREDATION; EVOLUTION; SENESCENCE	We consider optimal annual routines of reproductive behaviour in a seasonal environment. In our model the condition of the organism is adversely affected by hard work, but can recover during easy periods. Our analysis concentrates on the effects of background mortality (i.e., mortality that cannot be avoided) on the optimal strategy and how often an organism following this strategy breeds. In particular, we are concerned with whether reproduction occurs at specific times of year (entrained to the annual cycle), and if so then how many reproductive bouts occur per year. We find that an increase in background mortality can have various effects. If the animal is entrained to the annual cycle and has one breeding attempt per year, then breeding tends to occur earlier and there may be two breeding attempts per season. Another possible outcome is that breeding is no longer entrained. If the animal is entrained but sometimes skips reproduction so that it does not breed every year, then an increase in mortality may make it more likely that the animal breeds every year. We show that as background mortality increases the resultant increase in the frequency of breeding contributes to the increase in annual mortality. We also explore the effects of mortality on the timing of reproduction within a year, highlighting the tension between the interests of the parent and that of the young. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England; Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England; Univ Groningen, Zool Lab, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands	McNamara, JM (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Math, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England.	john.mcnamara@bristol.ac.uk					Abrams PA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1052, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02346.x; Abrams PA, 1995, EVOLUTION, V49, P1055, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04433.x; ABRAMS PA, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01241.x; Bernard RTF, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P253, DOI 10.1086/419859; Carnes BA, 1997, EXP GERONTOL, V32, P615, DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00056-9; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; Cichon M, 2000, EVOL ECOL RES, V2, P857; CLARK CW, 2000, DYNAMIC STATE VARIAB; Clarke J. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROWE L, 1994, AM NAT, V143, P698, DOI 10.1086/285627; Sheldon BC, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P317, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(96)10039-2; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; TAYLOR HM, 1974, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V5, P104, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(74)90053-7; Tickell W.L.N., 2000, ALBATROSSES; WEATHERS WW, 1989, ECOL MONOGR, V59, P223, DOI 10.2307/1942600; Weber TP, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P377, DOI 10.1023/A:1006560420310; WEIMERSKIRCH H, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P1043, DOI 10.2307/4965; WELHAM RK, 2003, THESIS U BRISTOL; Welton NJ, 2002, ACTA BIOTHEOR, V50, P39, DOI 10.1023/A:1014761227478; Welton NJ, 2001, J THEOR BIOL, V213, P275, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2419; Williams PD, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1478	64	26	26	1	8	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE	SAN DIEGO	525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA	0040-5809	1096-0325		THEOR POPUL BIOL	Theor. Popul. Biol.	JUN	2004	65	4					361	372		10.1016/j.tpb.2003.10.006				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology	823OF	WOS:000221621800005	15136011				2018-11-12	
J	Hunt, J; Bussiere, LF; Jennions, MD; Brooks, R				Hunt, J; Bussiere, LF; Jennions, MD; Brooks, R			What is genetic quality?	TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION			English	Review							GRAY TREE FROGS; SEXUAL SELECTION; MATE CHOICE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; OLD-AGE; EVOLUTION; VARIANCE; TRAITS; SURVIVAL	Mate choice is favored by indirect selection if choosy females mate with males of high genetic quality. We believe, however, that testing hypotheses about indirect selection has been constrained by how we conceptualize and therefore empirically measure male genetic quality. Here, we argue that genetic quality is the breeding value of an individual for total fitness. We can therefore learn little about genetic quality from measures of only a few fitness components. We explain breeding value for total fitness, drawing on concepts from life-history theory and quantitative genetics, and suggest how approaches incorporating these insights might result in empirical progress.	Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Natl Univ, Sch Bot & Zool, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	Hunt, J (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.	john.hunt@unsw.edu.au	Bussiere, Luc/T-2134-2018; Brooks, Robert/A-1251-2008; Jennions, Michael/C-7560-2009; Hunt, John/F-1279-2014	Bussiere, Luc/0000-0001-8937-8381; Brooks, Robert/0000-0001-6926-0781; Jennions, Michael/0000-0001-9221-2788; 			ANDERSSON M, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P804, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00540.x; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Barber I, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P71, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1331; Brooks R, 2000, NATURE, V406, P67, DOI 10.1038/35017552; David P, 2000, NATURE, V406, P186; Dawkins R, 1982, EXTENDED PHENOTYPE; ENDLER JA, 1987, ANIM BEHAV, V35, P1376, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80010-6; FALCONER DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE; FISHER R. A., 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80088-8; Griffith SC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P358, DOI 10.1038/22536; HAMILTON WD, 1964, J THEOR BIOL, V7, P1, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4; Hansen TF, 1995, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V8, P759, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8060759.x; Hine E, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2215, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2149; HOULE D, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P630, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04334.x; Jia FY, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P953; Jia FY, 1997, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V264, P1057, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1997.0146; Kokko H, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P739, DOI 10.1023/A:1006541701002; Kokko H, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P1331, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2020; Kokko H, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P653, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2235; Kotiaho JS, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P852, DOI 10.1086/375173; Kruuk LEB, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P1683; LANDE R, 1983, EVOLUTION, V37, P1210, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb00236.x; LANDE R, 1981, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V78, P3721, DOI 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3721; LYNCH M, 1997, GENETICS ANAL QUANTI; Moller AP, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P85, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0607; PETRIE M, 1994, NATURE, V371, P598, DOI 10.1038/371598a0; Reznick D, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01941-8; ROBERTSON A, 1959, BIOMETRICS, V15, P469, DOI 10.2307/2527750; Rodriguez RL, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P1304; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; ROFF DA, 1996, EVOLUTIONARY QUANTIT; Rowe L, 1996, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V263, P1415, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1996.0207; Sheldon BC, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P406; Tomkins JL, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P323, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.029; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Veen T, 2001, NATURE, V411, P45, DOI 10.1038/35075000; VIA S, 1985, EVOLUTION, V39, P505, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00391.x; Welch AM, 2003, EVOLUTION, V57, P883; Welch AM, 1998, SCIENCE, V280, P1928, DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1928; ZAHAVI A, 1975, J THEOR BIOL, V53, P205, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3; Zeh JA, 2003, ETHOLOGY, V109, P929, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00945.x	42	263	264	3	71	ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON	LONDON	84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND	0169-5347			TRENDS ECOL EVOL	Trends Ecol. Evol.	JUN	2004	19	6					329	333		10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.035				5	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	832XU	WOS:000222301800014	16701279				2018-11-12	
J	Strayer, DL; Downing, JA; Haag, WR; King, TL; Layzer, JB; Newton, TJ; Nichols, SJ				Strayer, DL; Downing, JA; Haag, WR; King, TL; Layzer, JB; Newton, TJ; Nichols, SJ			Changing perspectives on pearly mussels, North America's most imperiled animals	BIOSCIENCE			English	Article						Unionidae; endangered species; spatial structure; food and feeding; life history	FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; JUVENILE RAINBOW MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; MICROHABITAT USE; EXTINCTION DEBT; LIFE-HISTORY; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; RIVER	Pearly mussels (Unionacea) are widespread, abundant, and important in freshwater ecosystems around the world. Catastrophic declines in pearly in mussel populations in North America and other parts of the world have led too flurry of research on mussel biology, ecology, and conservation. Recent research on mussel feeding, life history, spatial patterning, and declines has augmented, modified, or overturned long-held ideas about the ecology of these animals. Pearly mussel research has begun to benefit from and contribute to current ideas about suspension feeding, life-history theory, metapopulations, flow refuges, spatial patterning and its effects, and management of endangered species. At the same time, significant gaps in understanding and apparent paradoxes in pearly mussel ecology have been exposed. To conserve remaining mussel populations, scientists and managers must simultaneously and aggressively pursue both rigorous research and conservation actions.	Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA; Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA; US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA; US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA; Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, USGS, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA; USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA; USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA	Strayer, DL (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, POB AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.	strayerd@ccostudies.org	Strayer, David/H-3788-2011	Strayer, David/0000-0002-6767-4486; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852			Amyot JP, 1998, FRESHWATER BIOL, V39, P351, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00289.x; Anthony JL, 2001, FRESHWATER BIOL, V46, P1349, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00755.x; Anthony JL, 2001, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V58, P2071, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-58-10-2071; Arbuckle KE, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P310, DOI 10.1139/F02-006; Barfield ML, 1998, TRIANNUAL UNIONID RE, V16, P22; BAUER G, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P691, DOI 10.2307/5077; Bauer G., 2000, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION FR; Bayne B. 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T., 1994, ANNOTATED BIBLIO REP; Wildish D, 1997, BENTHIC SUSPENSION F; YEAGER MM, 1994, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V13, P217, DOI 10.2307/1467240	67	312	331	2	64	AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI	WASHINGTON	1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA	0006-3568			BIOSCIENCE	Bioscience	MAY	2004	54	5					429	439		10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0429:CPOPMN]2.0.CO;2				11	Biology	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics	820TJ	WOS:000221411900011		Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Barclay, RMR; Ulmer, J; MacKenzee, CJA; Thompson, MS; Olson, L; McCool, J; Cropey, EE; Poll, G				Barclay, RMR; Ulmer, J; MacKenzee, CJA; Thompson, MS; Olson, L; McCool, J; Cropey, EE; Poll, G			Variation in the reproductive rate of bats	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY			English	Article							LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; CHIROPTERA; POPULATION; PREGNANCY; LONGEVITY	In many respects, bats have relatively slow life histories. However, the reproductive rate of bats (i.e., the proportion of females that reproduce in any breeding season) has not been critically examined. We compiled data on the reproductive rates of bats to test predictions based on life-history theory. Among 257 samples from 103 species, reproductive rate varied considerably and was typically under 100%. Temperate-zone species had significantly lower and more variable reproductive rates than did tropical species. Reproductive rate also varied among families, with species in the Vespertilionidae having particularly high rates. As predicted based on life-history theory, reproductive rate was negatively correlated with longevity, and among vespertilionids, species with larger litters had higher reproductive rates. Thus, the data suggest that bats have relatively slow reproductive rates and, as in other life-history traits, fall at the "slow" end of the fast-slow life-history continuum found among mammals. Female bats, especially those in temperate regions, appear to adjust their allocation of resources to reproduction, and at times forego reproduction, perhaps in relation to their body condition, prey availability, and weather conditions.	Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada	Barclay, RMR (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr 1 NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.	barclay@ucalgary.ca	Barclay, Robert/D-5514-2012				AUSTAD SN, 1991, J GERONTOL, V46, P47; Barclay RMR, 2003, BAT ECOLOGY, P209; BARCLAY RMR, 1994, AM NAT, V144, P1021, DOI 10.1086/285723; BARKALOW FREDERICK S., 1962, JOUR WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, V26, P32, DOI 10.2307/3798165; BONACCORSO F J, 1979, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences, V24, P359; Cardillo M, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P79, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00577.x; Chruszcz BJ, 2002, FUNCT ECOL, V16, P18, DOI 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00602.x; Cryan PM, 2000, J MAMMAL, V81, P719, DOI 10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0719:EOEODO>2.3.CO;2; DAVIS RB, 1962, ECOL MONOGR, V32, P311, DOI 10.2307/1942378; Deanesly R, 1939, P ZOOL SOC LOND A-GE, V109, P57; DINERSTEIN E, 1986, BIOTROPICA, V18, P307, DOI 10.2307/2388574; FENTON MB, 1980, CAN FIELD NAT, V94, P416; GRINDAL SD, 1992, AM MIDL NAT, V128, P339, DOI 10.2307/2426468; HERD RM, 1983, CAN J ZOOL, V61, P2029, DOI 10.1139/z83-268; HOLMES DJ, 1994, J MAMMAL, V75, P224, DOI 10.2307/1382255; HOLROYD SL, 1993, THESIS U CALGARY CAL; Hoyle SD, 2001, AUSTRAL ECOL, V26, P80, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01092.pp.x; HUMPHREY S. 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E., 1991, SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBU, V511, P43; WIMSATT WA, 1945, J MAMMAL, V26, P23, DOI 10.2307/1375029; Zar JH, 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL	52	22	27	2	32	CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS	OTTAWA	65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA	0008-4301	1480-3283		CAN J ZOOL	Can. J. Zool.	MAY	2004	82	5					688	693		10.1139/Z04-057				6	Zoology	Zoology	869YO	WOS:000225021400002					2018-11-12	
J	Gluckman, PD; Hanson, MA				Gluckman, PD; Hanson, MA			The developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome	TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM			English	Review							IMPAIRED OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; GROWTH-RETARDED RATS; FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FETAL ORIGINS; UTEROPLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY; FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION; HYPERCALORIC NUTRITION; VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION	Both epidemiological and clinical evidence suggest relationships between the antenatal environment and the risk of developing insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular disease (part of the metabolic syndrome) in middle age. However, interpretation of these findings has been controversial. Recent experimental observations provide considerable evidence for a causal model linking adaptive responses to early environmental cues and the later risk of disease. Evolutionary and life history theory provide possible explanations of why these phenomena have persisted and how they might cause disease. In this article, we review the clinical and experimental perspectives on the 'developmental origins of disease' model in the context of these new concepts.	Univ Auckland, Liggins Inst, Auckland 1, New Zealand; Natl Res Ctr Growth & Dev, Auckland 1, New Zealand; Univ Southampton, Ctr Dev Origins Hlth & Dis, Princess Anne Hosp, Southampton SO16 5YA, Hants, England	Gluckman, PD (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Liggins Inst, 2-6 Pk Ave,Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand.	pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz		Hanson, Mark/0000-0002-6907-613X			Agrawal AA, 1999, NATURE, V401, P60, DOI 10.1038/43425; Barker DJP, 1999, BRIT MED J, V318, P1477; Barker DJP, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P1235, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.6.1235; Barker M, 1997, ARCH DIS CHILD, V77, P381, DOI 10.1136/adc.77.5.381; Bavdekar A, 1999, DIABETES, V48, P2422, DOI 10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2422; Bellinger L, 2003, PEDIATR RES, V53, p38A; Bertram CE, 2001, BRIT MED BULL, V60, P103, DOI 10.1093/bmb/60.1.103; Brawley L, 2004, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V554, P497, DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.052068; Brawley L, 2003, PEDIATR RES, V53, p37A; Brawley L., 2003, Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, V111, P23, DOI 10.1076/apab.111.1.23.15138; Dance CS, 2003, PEDIATR RES, V53, p19A; Desai M, 1997, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V272, pG1083; Eriksson JG, 2003, DIABETOLOGIA, V46, P190, DOI 10.1007/s00125-002-1012-5; Eriksson JG, 2002, DIABETES, V51, P2321, DOI 10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2321; GLUCKMAN PD, 1992, J ENDOCRINOL, V134, pR1, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.134R001; Gluckman PD, 2004, FETAL MATRIX EVOLUTI; Gluckman PD, 1984, FETAL PHYSL MED, P511; Hales CN, 2001, BRIT MED BULL, V60, P5, DOI 10.1093/bmb/60.1.5; Hill DJ, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V48, P269, DOI 10.1203/00006450-200009000-00002; Hofman PL, 1997, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V82, P402, DOI 10.1210/jc.82.2.402; Huxley R, 2002, LANCET, V360, P659, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09834-3; Ibanez L, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V47, P575, DOI 10.1203/00006450-200005000-00003; Jaquet D, 2003, HORM RES, V59, P1, DOI 10.1159/000067940; Lacey EP, 1998, MATERNAL EFFECTS AS ADAPTATIONS, P54; Lane RH, 2001, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V280, pR183; LangleyEvans SC, 1996, CLIN SCI, V91, P607, DOI 10.1042/cs0910607; LEE TM, 1988, AM J PHYSIOL, V255, pR831; LEE TM, 1989, BIOL REPROD, V40, P495, DOI 10.1095/biolreprod40.3.495; Leeson CPM, 2001, CIRCULATION, V103, P1264; Lumey L H, 1992, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, V6, P240, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00764.x; MACKENZIE HS, 1995, AM J KIDNEY DIS, V26, P91, DOI 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90161-2; Martin JF, 2000, J NUTR, V130, P741; Merezak S, 2001, J ENDOCRINOL, V171, P299, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1710299; Neel JV, 1999, NUTR REV, V57, pS2; Ong KKL, 2002, PEDIATR RES, V52, P863, DOI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000036602.81878.6D; Osmond C, 2000, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V108, P545, DOI 10.2307/3454545; Ozanne SE, 2003, J ENDOCRINOL, V177, P235, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1770235; Peterside IE, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M, V285, pE1258, DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00437.2002; Petrik J, 1999, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V140, P4861, DOI 10.1210/en.140.10.4861; Pham TD, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V285, pR962, DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2003; Power C, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P413, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.2.413; Ravelli ACJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P173, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07244-9; RAVELLI GP, 1976, NEW ENGL J MED, V295, P349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM197608122950701; Selak MA, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M, V285, pE130, DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00322.2002; SIMMONS RA, 1993, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V133, P1361, DOI 10.1210/en.133.3.1361; Stettler N, 2000, AM J CLIN NUTR, V72, P378; Stoffers DA, 2003, DIABETES, V52, P734, DOI 10.2337/diabetes.52.3.734; Stride A, 2002, ANN MED, V34, P207, DOI 10.1080/713782136; Tsirka AE, 2001, J ENDOCRINOL, V169, P373, DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1690373; Vickers MH, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M, V279, pE83; Vickers MH, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V285, pR271, DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00051.2003; Vickers MH, 2003, PEDIATR RES, V53, p39A; Wintour EM, 2003, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V549, P929, DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.042408; Wolff GL, 1998, FASEB J, V12, P949; Yajnik CS, 2001, NUTR REV, V59, P1	55	342	352	4	63	ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON	LONDON	84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND	1043-2760	1879-3061		TRENDS ENDOCRIN MET	Trends Endocrinol. Metab.	MAY-JUN	2004	15	4					183	187		10.1016/j.tem.2004.03.002				5	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Endocrinology & Metabolism	822RI	WOS:000221557200010	15109618				2018-11-12	
J	Morris, WF; Doak, DF				Morris, WF; Doak, DF			Buffering of life histories against environmental stochasticity: Accounting for a spurious correlation between the variabilities of vital rates and their contributions to fitness	AMERICAN NATURALIST			English	Article						demographic buffering; elasticity; environmental stochasticity; sensitivity; Silene acaulis	POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; PROJECTION MATRICES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; SURVIVORSHIP; ELASTICITY; PARAMETERS; SELECTION; PATTERNS; VARIANCE	Life-history theory predicts vital rates that on average make large contributions to the annual multiplication rate of a lineage should be highly buffered against environmental variability. This prediction has been tested by looking for a negative correlation between the sensitivities (or elasticities) of the elements in a projection matrix and their variances (or coefficients of variation). Here, we show by constructing random matrices that a spurious negative correlation exists between the sensitivities and variances, and between the elasticities and coefficients of variation, of matrix elements. This spurious correlation arises in part because size transition probabilities, which are bounded by 0 and 1, have a limit to their variability that often does not apply to matrix elements representing reproduction. We advocate an alternative analysis based on the underlying vital rates (not the matrix elements) that accounts for the inherent limit to the variability of zero-to-one vital rates, corrects for sampling variation, and tests for a declining upper limit to variability as a vital rate's fitness contribution increases. Applying this analysis to demographic data from five populations of the alpine cushion plant Silene acaulis, we provide evidence of stronger buffering in the vital rates that most influence fitness.	Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA; Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA	Morris, WF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA.	wfmorris@duke.edu; doak@biology.ucsc.edu					Cade B., 2001, USER MANUAL BLOSSOM; Cade BS, 1999, ECOLOGY, V80, P311; Caswell H, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P870, DOI 10.2307/2265507; CASWELL H, 1978, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V14, P215, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(78)90025-4; Caswell H, 2001, MATRIX POPULATION MO; Crone EE, 2001, EVOLUTION, V55, P2611; CROUSE DT, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1412, DOI 10.2307/1939225; DEKROON H, 1986, ECOLOGY, V67, P1427, DOI 10.2307/1938700; DOAK D, 1994, ECOL APPL, V4, P446, DOI 10.2307/1941949; GILLESPIE JH, 1974, GENETICS, V76, P601; Gould WR, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2531, DOI 10.2307/176841; Heppell SS, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P654, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0654:LHAEPP]2.0.CO;2; Kendall BE, 1998, ECOL APPL, V8, P184, DOI 10.2307/2641320; LEWONTIN RC, 1969, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V62, P1056, DOI 10.1073/pnas.62.4.1056; Morris WF, 1998, AM J BOT, V85, P784, DOI 10.2307/2446413; MORRIS WF, 2004, IN PRESS ECOLOGICAL; Morris WF, 2002, QUANTITATIVE CONSERV; NICHOLS JD, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P306, DOI 10.2307/1938741; Oli MK, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P422, DOI 10.1086/367591; Pfister CA, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P213, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.1.213; Saether BE, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P642, DOI 10.2307/177366; SILVERTOWN J, 1993, J ECOL, V81, P465, DOI 10.2307/2261525; Sokal R.R., 1995, BIOMETRY; TULJAPURKAR SD, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V21, P141, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(82)90010-7; White GC, 2000, METH C CONS, P288	25	99	100	0	57	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS	CHICAGO	1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA	0003-0147	1537-5323		AM NAT	Am. Nat.	APR	2004	163	4					579	590		10.1086/382550				12	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology	813SE	WOS:000220926000009	15122504				2018-11-12	
J	[Anonymous]				[Anonymous]			Challenges of ecological complexity	ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY			English	Article								Complexity poses enormous challenges in ecology. In order to study complexity or factor it into our theories or models, a better understanding of complexity is needed. Complexity has at least six dimensions in ecology: spatial, temporal, structural, process, behavioral, and geometric. These six sources of complexity are discussed. Issues and approaches to the study of complexity are also discussed. It is argued that our vocabulary for describing complexity is deficient in many areas. Scaling is a successful technique that has been used to simplify complex relationships. Model reduction is shown to be a powerful technique that applies when either ensembles of objects behave as aggregate wholes or conservation laws constrain overall behaviors. It is argued that experimental frames need more attention when dealing with complex ecosystem attributes. Life history theory and metapopulation models are two areas where further development of the subject depends on the ability to handle complexity properly. It is concluded that explicit study of complexity is both necessary and timely.		NCASI, 552 S Washington St,224, Naperville, IL 60540 USA.							0	5	5	0	3	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	AMSTERDAM	PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	1476-945X	1476-9840		ECOL COMPLEX	Ecol. Complex.	MAR	2004	1	1					3	6						4	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	926SH	WOS:000229142400002					2018-11-12	
J	Mappes, T; Koskela, E				Mappes, T; Koskela, E			Genetic basis of the trade-off between offspring number and quality in the bank vole	EVOLUTION			English	Article						antagonistic pleiotropy; litter size; mammal; maturation; phenotypic and genetic correlations; trade-off between offspring size and number	LITTER SIZE MANIPULATION; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ANTAGONISTIC PLEIOTROPY; OPTIMAL ALLOCATION; EGG SIZE; COSTS; HERITABILITY; CONSTRAINTS; POPULATIONS	One of the main tenets of modern life-history theory is the negative relationship (trade-off) between the number and quality of offspring produced. Theory predicts a negative genetic correlation between these traits since both are closely related to fitness of individuals. However, the genetic basis of the trade-off has only been tested to a limited extent in natural populations. We examined whether size and quality of offspring are negatively related to litter size in the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. First, we found a significant negative phenotypic correlation between the number and size of offspring at birth in both laboratory and field populations of the bank vole. Second, a larger size at birth decreased the maturation age of female offspring in the laboratory, and increased the probability of breeding and the size of the first litter in the field. Furthermore, manipulation of offspring size at weaning indicated that structural effects of birth size in mammals have a more profound effect on the expression of life-history traits than weaning size. Finally, in addition to the phenotypic negative correlation between the number and size of offspring, we found evidence for a negative genetic correlation between these two traits, which confirms the genetic basis of the trade-off. This negative genetic covariation may have considerable effects on the rate and direction of evolution of the two related life-historical traits.	Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland	Mappes, T (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 35, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.	tmappes@cc.jyu.ufi	Mappes, Tapio/B-9780-2013	Koskela, Esa/0000-0002-9418-5733			BECKER WA, 1985, MANUAL QUANTITATIVE; BUJALSKA G, 1988, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST, P75; Bujalska G., 1973, J REPROD FERT S, V19, P461; CARRIERE Y, 1995, OECOLOGIA, V102, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF00329806; CASWELL H, 1982, AM NAT, V120, P317, DOI 10.1086/283993; CHARNOV EL, 1995, NATURE, V376, P418, DOI 10.1038/376418a0; Charnov EL, 1997, NATURE, V387, P393, DOI 10.1038/387393a0; CURTSINGER JW, 1994, AM NAT, V144, P210, DOI 10.1086/285671; Falconer DS, 1996, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G; GUSTAFSSON L, 1988, NATURE, V335, P813, DOI 10.1038/335813a0; HAMMOND K, 1972, THEOR APPL GENET, V42, P97, DOI 10.1007/BF00583409; HOULE D, 1992, GENETICS, V130, P195; Jonsson P, 2002, EVOL ECOL, V16, P455, DOI 10.1023/A:1020854525220; Koivula M, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P398, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0398:CORITW]2.0.CO;2; Koskela E, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V115, P379, DOI 10.1007/s004420050531; Koskela E, 1998, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V265, P1129, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0408; Lambin X, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P191, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00494.x; LANDE R, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P607, DOI 10.2307/1936778; LYNCH M, 1997, GENETICS ANAL QUANTI; MAPPES T, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V261, P19, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0111; MAPPES T, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P1276, DOI 10.2307/1940934; MAYNARDSMITH J, 1985, Q REV BIOL, V60, P265, DOI DOI 10.1086/414425); Merila J, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P301, DOI 10.1086/303330; MORRIS DW, 1987, OIKOS, V49, P332, DOI 10.2307/3565769; MOUSSEAU TA, 1987, HEREDITY, V59, P181, DOI 10.1038/hdy.1987.113; Oksanen TA, 2002, EVOLUTION, V56, P1530; Oksanen TA, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P661, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1409; PEASE CM, 1988, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V1, P293, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1988.1040293.x; Prevot-Julliard AC, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P684, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00307.x; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Roff D. A., 1997, EVOLUTIONARY QUANTIT; Roff D. A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Roff DA, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1392, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03913.x; Roff Derek A., 1992; ROSE MR, 1985, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V28, P342, DOI 10.1016/0040-5809(85)90034-6; Sikes RS, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P179, DOI 10.1023/A:1006531728971; SIMERVO B, 2000, ADAPTIVE GENETIC VAR, P41; Sinervo B, 1999, AM NAT, V154, pS26, DOI 10.1086/303281; SINERVO B, 1991, J EXP ZOOL, V257, P252, DOI 10.1002/jez.1402570216; SINERVO B, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1300, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5010.1300; SLATKIN M, 1990, GENETICS, V125, P207; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; SNYDER RJ, 1991, COPEIA, P526; STEARNS SC, 1976, Q REV BIOL, V51, P3, DOI 10.1086/409052	44	42	42	0	11	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0014-3820	1558-5646		EVOLUTION	Evolution	MAR	2004	58	3					645	650		10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01686.x				6	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	810LC	WOS:000220704800018	15119447	Bronze			2018-11-12	
J	Einum, S; Fleming, IA				Einum, S; Fleming, IA			Environmental unpredictability and offspring size: conservative versus diversified bet-hedging	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						environmental variation; life-history evolution; Oncorhynchus; physiological constraints; Salmo salar	EGG-SIZE; MATERNAL INFLUENCES; PROPAGULE SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; FITNESS; EVOLUTION; NUMBER; PLASTICITY; FISHES; SALMON	Classic life-history theory and extensions thereof can readily explain variation in egg size among populations and individuals. However, most such models assume that there is some degree of predictability in offspring environment. Offspring provisioning when environments vary unpredictably is more problematic and may lead to bet-hedging (i.e. reducing variance in fitness). Bet-hedging may involve the production of fewer and larger offspring (conservative) or of variable-sized offspring (diversified). The use of diversified bet-hedging theory to explain within-clutch variation is common but controversial, and simulation models have shown that the fitness benefits of such variability depend critically on the shape of the egg size-offspring fitness curve. Here, we use one of the few empirically derived egg size-offspring fitness functions (from Atlantic salmon) in conjunction with simulations to examine the plausibility for the evolution of such bet-hedging strategies. We show that conservative bet-hedging can be a viable strategy for dealing with unpredictable environments, while diversified bet-hedging is rarely selectively advantageous (i.e. only under extremely variable environments), and then only for purely annual organisms. This is supported by empirical evidence from iteroparous Atlantic (n = 37 populations) and semelparous Pacific (n = 26 populations) salmon where less than 3% of the variation in egg size among wild fish is due to within-clutch variability. Only under novel (rare) rearing conditions, such as captive rearing to maturity in freshwater, was a significant increase in within-clutch variation observed. These patterns in conjunction with the modelling results indicate that within-clutch variation, at least in salmon, is more likely a reflection of the direct influences of the rearing environment on a female's ability to allocate resources evenly than of evolutionary adaptation. Future work in the area of egg size evolution in unpredictable environments may benefit from a stronger focus on conservative rather than diversified bet-hedging.	Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway; Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA; Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA	Einum, S (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Tungasletta 2, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway.	sigurd.einum@nina.no	Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012	Einum, Sigurd/0000-0002-3788-7800			CAPINERA JL, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P350, DOI 10.1086/283484; Chambers RC, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P180; CRUMP ML, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P724, DOI 10.1086/283755; Einum S, 2002, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V269, P2325, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2150; Einum S, 2002, AM NAT, V160, P756, DOI 10.1086/343876; Einum S, 2000, NATURE, V405, P565, DOI 10.1038/35014600; Einum S, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2095, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0893; FLEMING IA, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P1957, DOI 10.1139/f87-240; FLEMING IA, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P1, DOI 10.2307/1940241; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; Hendry AP, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P387, DOI 10.1086/319316; HUTCHINGS JA, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P1162, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04382.x; KAPLAN RH, 1984, AM NAT, V123, P393, DOI 10.1086/284211; KERFOOT WC, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P1259, DOI 10.2307/1935454; Koops MA, 2003, EVOL ECOL RES, V5, P29; LACEY EP, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P114, DOI 10.1086/284122; LALONDE RG, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P380; Lips KR, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V128, P509, DOI 10.1007/s004420100687; MCGINLEY MA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P370, DOI 10.1086/284716; MCGINLEY MA, 1989, EVOL ECOL, V3, P150, DOI 10.1007/BF02270917; PARKER GA, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P573, DOI 10.1086/284589; PHILIPPI T, 1989, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V4, P41, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90138-9; SARGENT RC, 1987, AM NAT, V129, P32, DOI 10.1086/284621; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; SVARDSON GUNNAR, 1949, REPT INST FRESHWATER RES DROTTNINGHOLM, V29, P115	25	111	114	2	43	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	MAR	2004	6	3					443	455						13	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	810DU	WOS:000220685800008					2018-11-12	
J	Fitze, PS; Tschirren, B; Richner, H				Fitze, PS; Tschirren, B; Richner, H			Life history and fitness consequences of ectoparasites	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						Ceratophyllus gallinae; ectoparasite; great tit; hen flea; host-parasite interaction; life history; lifetime reproductive success; Parus major	GREAT TIT; CLIFF SWALLOWS; PARUS-MAJOR; ROOST SITES; HOST; CHOICE; BIRDS; FOOD; REPRODUCTION; PARASITES	1. For iteroparous organisms life-history theory predicts a trade-off between current and future reproduction, and therefore the evolution of host responses to current parasite infestation that will maximize lifetime reproductive success. The parasite-induced variation in reproductive success is thus not the net result of parasite infestation alone, but the parasite-mediated outcome of optimal resource allocation among current and future reproductive events. Understanding the importance of parasites for the evolution of host life history therefore requires an experimental investigation of the effects of parasites over the host's life span. Such studies are currently scant. 2. We manipulated the load of an ectoparasite, the hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae), in the nests of its most common host, the great tit (Parus major), over a period of 4 years and recorded, the components of current and future reproductive success including survival, divorce, breeding dispersal and various reproductive parameters. Finally we assessed, for females only as paternity of males was unknown, the lifetime reproductive success as a close correlate of Darwinian fitness. 3. For current reproduction, our experiment demonstrates that parasites reduce current reproductive success via an increase in the probability of nest failure during incubation and the nestling period. In the presence of fleas, clutch size and the number of fledglings were reduced while the incubation and the nestling period were prolonged. Thus parasitism led to an increase in parental effort but nevertheless reduced current reproductive success. 4. For future reproduction, the experiment shows that females breeding in infested nests dispersed over longer distances between breeding attempts. The divorce rate following infestation, the probability of breeding locally in the future and residual reproductive success were not affected significantly by ectoparasites. The study thus suggests that hen fleas play a minor role in shaping the trade-off between current and future reproduction. 5. Lifetime reproductive success of females, measured as the total number of locally recruiting offspring over the 4 experimental years, was reduced significantly by ectoparasites. The negative effect of parasites arose by a reduction of the number of fledglings per breeding attempt rather than by a reduction of the number of breeding attempts.	Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecol Lab, F-75252 Paris 05, France; Univ Bern, Dept Zool, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	Fitze, PS (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecol Lab, 7 Quai St Bernard,Case 237, F-75252 Paris 05, France.	patrick.fitze@esh.unibe.ch	Fitze, Patrick/A-4719-2011; Richner, Heinz/B-1659-2008; Tschirren, Barbara/F-8202-2011; Fitze, Patrick/C-1377-2011	Fitze, Patrick/0000-0002-6298-2471; Richner, Heinz/0000-0001-7390-0526; Tschirren, Barbara/0000-0003-4806-4102; Fitze, Patrick/0000-0002-6298-2471			Allander K, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P19, DOI 10.1139/cjz-76-1-19; BEATH K, 2000, GLM STAT VERSION 5 2; BORTZ J, 2000, VERTEILUNGSFREIE MET; Boulinier Thierry, 2001, P169; BROWN CR, 1986, ECOLOGY, V67, P1206, DOI 10.2307/1938676; Brown CR, 1995, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V262, P313, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1995.0211; BROWN CR, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1718, DOI 10.2307/1940023; CHRISTE P, 1994, ANIM BEHAV, V47, P895, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1994.1121; Christe P, 1996, BEHAV ECOL, V7, P127, DOI 10.1093/beheco/7.2.127; Christe P, 1996, ANIM BEHAV, V52, P1087, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0256; Clayton D. H., 1997, HOST PARASITE EVOLUT; Cohen J, 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA; DHONDT AA, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P979, DOI 10.2307/5274; Gosler A., 1993, GREAT TIT; Heeb P, 1999, NATURE, V400, P63, DOI 10.1038/21881; Jenni L, 1994, MOULT AGEING EUROPEA; JOLLY GM, 1965, BIOMETRIKA, V52, P225, DOI 10.2307/2333826; LEHMANN T, 1993, PARASITOL TODAY, V9, P8, DOI 10.1016/0169-4758(93)90153-7; LINDEN M, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P1039, DOI 10.1086/285267; Martin TE, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P2071, DOI 10.1073/pnas.98.4.2071; MARTIN TE, 1987, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V18, P453, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002321; MERILA J, 1995, ETHOLOGY, V99, P53; Moller Anders Pape, 1997, P105; MOLLER AP, 1993, J ANIM ECOL, V62, P309, DOI 10.2307/5362; MOLLER AP, 1989, OIKOS, V56, P421, DOI 10.2307/3565628; OPPLIGER A, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P130, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.2.130; Perrin N, 1996, OIKOS, V75, P317, DOI 10.2307/3546256; Richner H, 1999, OIKOS, V86, P535, DOI 10.2307/3546657; RICHNER H, 1995, OIKOS, V73, P435, DOI 10.2307/3545973; Roff Derek A., 1992; SCHAFFER WM, 1974, ECOLOGY, V55, P291, DOI 10.2307/1935217; Sokal R. R., 1981, BIOMETRY; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tripet F, 1997, OIKOS, V78, P557, DOI 10.2307/3545617; Tripet F, 1999, J INSECT BEHAV, V12, P159, DOI 10.1023/A:1020958615191; White GC, 1999, BIRD STUDY, V46, P120; White GC, 2000, PROGRAM MARK	37	86	88	2	54	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0021-8790	1365-2656		J ANIM ECOL	J. Anim. Ecol.	MAR	2004	73	2					216	226		10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00799.x				11	Ecology; Zoology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology	778UD	WOS:000189258400002					2018-11-12	
J	Nisbet, ICT; Arnold, JM; Galbraith, H; Hatch, JJ				Nisbet, ICT; Arnold, JM; Galbraith, H; Hatch, JJ			Responses of known-aged Common Terns to experimental shortening of the wings	WATERBIRDS			English	Article						age; Common Tern; handicapping; ptilochronology; reproductive effort; reproductive success; Sterna hirundo	LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; PARENTAL EFFORT; MANIPULATION; REPRODUCTION; QUALITY; PETREL; GROWTH; FLIGHT; COSTS; PRION	Fourteen male Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) of known age (3-21 yr) were handicapped by shortening their wings early in the incubation period, and were then followed through chick-raising. The study was conducted at Bird Island, Massachusetts, USA, in 1996, a year when chick growth and survival appeared to be limited by food availability. Chick growth and survival were used as indirect measures of allocation of resources to current reproduction. Rates of change of body-mass and feather re-growth (ptilochronology) were used as indirect measures of allocation of resources to self-maintenance. The birds' mates were studied similarly, but were not handicapped. Experimental birds and pairs were compared to controls matched for laying date and clutch-size. Handicapped males re-grew tail-feathers pulled for ptilochronology significantly more slowly than controls. They and their mates raised significantly more young than controls. Older handicapped males lost more body-mass during chick-raising than their matched controls, whereas younger males lost less. These results conflict with the prediction of life-history theory that long-lived birds faced with increased costs of reproduction should allocate these costs to their offspring rather than to themselves. However, we point out several problems in using handicapping to test such predictions. The assumed effects of handicapping on the cost of flight and on foraging ability have not been verified or measured. Changes in reproductive effort are not measured directly, and the end points that have been investigated are often ambiguous. The assumption that older individuals consistently have lower residual reproductive value than younger individuals may be incorrect if there is selective survival of high-quality individuals within the study population.	Galbraith Environm Sci, Newfane, VT 05345 USA; Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02125 USA; I C T Nisbet & Co, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA	Nisbet, ICT (reprint author), I C T Nisbet & Co, 150 Alder Lane, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA.	icnisbet@cape.com					ARNOLD JM, IN PRESS J AVIAN BIO; Cam E, 2002, AM NAT, V159, P96, DOI 10.1086/324126; FINCH C, 1990, LONGEVITY SENESCENCE; Galbraith H, 1999, J AVIAN BIOL, V30, P85, DOI 10.2307/3677247; GRUBB TC, 1989, AUK, V106, P314; Kvist A, 2001, NATURE, V413, P730, DOI 10.1038/35099556; LIND J, 2001, P ROYAL SOC LOND B, V368, P1915; MAUCK RA, 1995, ANIM BEHAV, V49, P999, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1995.0129; Nisbet I.C.T., 1984, Colonial Waterbirds, V7, P117, DOI 10.2307/1521090; Nisbet I.C.T., 2002, BIRDS N AM, V618; Nisbet ICT, 2002, J FIELD ORNITHOL, V73, P117, DOI 10.1648/0273-8570-73.2.117; NISBET ICT, 1995, CONDOR, V97, P335, DOI 10.2307/1369019; Nisbet ICT, 2002, J APPL STAT, V29, P65, DOI 10.1080/02664760120108467; NISBET ICT, 1972, BIRD BANDING, V43, P97, DOI 10.2307/4511853; PART T, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P868, DOI 10.1086/285445; Pennycuick C.J, 1989, BIRD FLIGHT PERFORMA; Roff Derek A., 1992; SAETHER BE, 1993, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V33, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF00216594; Sanz JJ, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P74, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00373.x; SLAGSVOLD T, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P1258, DOI 10.2307/1938263; *STATS INC, 1998, STAT WIND; VAUPEL JW, 1985, AM STAT, V39, P176, DOI 10.2307/2683925; Weimerskirch H, 2000, IBIS, V142, P103, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb07689.x; Weimerskirch H, 1999, J AVIAN BIOL, V30, P165, DOI 10.2307/3677126; WEIMERSKIRCH H, 1995, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V36, P11; Weimerskirch H., 2001, BIOL MARINE BIRDS, P115; Wendeln H, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P205, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00276.x; WRIGHT J, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V25, P171, DOI 10.1007/BF00302916	28	7	7	1	6	WATERBIRD SOC	WASHINGTON	NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA	1524-4695	1938-5390		WATERBIRDS	Waterbirds	MAR	2004	27	1					13	20		10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0013:ROKCTT]2.0.CO;2				8	Ornithology	Zoology	803NU	WOS:000220238600003					2018-11-12	
J	Lardies, MA; Carter, MJ; Bozinovic, F				Lardies, MA; Carter, MJ; Bozinovic, F			Dietary effects on life history traits in a terrestrial isopod: the importance of evaluating maternal effects and trade-offs	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						life history; maternal effects; food quality; herbivores; terrestrial isopod	ARMADILLIDIUM-VULGARE; FOOD QUALITY; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PORCELLIO-SCABER; PROPAGULE SIZE; FEEDING RATES; GROWTH-RATES; EGG SIZE; CRUSTACEA	Studies of life history aim to explain patterns in the evolution of reproductive investment, growth, and survival. Trade-offs between traits are a fundamental component of life history theory. In herbivorous arthropods life history traits are often responsive to variation in numerous environmental factors, especially diet quality. Using three artificial diets under controlled laboratory conditions, we examined changes in life history traits (i.e. growth rate, offspring number, offspring size, incubation period), trade-offs between traits, and maternal effect on the growth rate of offspring, in the common woodlouse (terrestrial isopod), Porcellio laevis. The high protein diet had significant impacts on offspring production, triggering a smaller-sized offspring, and demonstrating a trade-off between these last two traits. The high carbohydrate diet seldom exerted a significant effect on incubation period. The quality of dietary items evidently has important consequences on the life history of the mother and, thus, on offspring growth; the directions of these effects, however, were opposite. Mothers fed diets with high protein concentrations presented significant maternal effects, measured as offspring growth rate during later ontogeny. Our results support the notion that protein, rather than carbohydrate, concentrations in the diet limit herbivorous arthropods, and have significant consequences on life history traits, as was seen for P. laevis. Clearly, the change in phenotypic correlations between incubation period and offspring number from negative to positive is an empirical demonstration of the context dependence of life history trait trade-offs.	Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol Biodivers, Santiago, Chile	Lardies, MA (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Ctr Adv Studies Ecol Biodivers, CP 6513677, Santiago, Chile.	mlardies@genes.bio.puc.cl	Carter, Mauricio/C-3099-2013	Lardies, Marco/0000-0003-3525-1830			Aron S, 2001, J ANIM ECOL, V70, P831, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00545.x; Awmack CS, 2002, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V47, P817, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145300; Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; BRODY MS, 1984, OECOLOGIA, V61, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF00379089; CALOW P, 1979, BIOL REV, V54, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1979.tb00866.x; CAPINERA JL, 1979, AM NAT, V114, P350, DOI 10.1086/283484; CAREFOOT T, 1993, COMP BIOCH PHYSL A, V87, P989; CAREFOOT TH, 1993, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V106, P413, DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90235-V; Coll M, 2002, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V47, P267, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145209; Congdon J.D., 1982, Biology of Reptilia, V13, P233; COREY S, 1991, CRUSTACEANA, V60, P270, DOI 10.1163/156854091X00056; Cuzon G., 2000, AVANCES NUTR ACUICOL; David JF, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V127, P343, DOI 10.1007/s004420000599; DAVIS RC, 1978, ECOLOGY, V58, P1079; DUNHAM AE, 1978, ECOLOGY, V59, P770, DOI 10.2307/1938781; FolkerHansen P, 1996, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V33, P207, DOI 10.1006/eesa.1996.0027; Fox CW, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3029, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3029:NSOSBE]2.0.CO;2; Fox CW, 2000, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V45, P341, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.341; Fox CW, 1998, MATERNAL EFFECTS AS ADAPTATIONS, P159; GRUNDY AJ, 1989, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V12, P112; HARRISON K E, 1990, Journal of Shellfish Research, V9, P1; Helden AJ, 1998, ISRAEL J ZOOL, V44, P379; HINES AH, 1992, AM ZOOL, V32, P503; HOESE B, 1989, MONOGR, V4, P153; Jaksic F., 2001, REV CHIL HIST NAT, V74, P459; Joern A, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V112, P201, DOI 10.1007/s004420050301; Jordan MA, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V130, P44, DOI 10.1007/s004420100776; KAROWE DN, 1989, J INSECT PHYSL, V35, P669; Lavy D, 2001, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V26, P18, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3032.2001.00211.x; LAWLOR LR, 1976, EVOLUTION, V30, P775, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1976.tb00958.x; Leistikow Andreas, 1999, Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, V16, P1; LUCAS A, 1991, CIBA F SYMP, V156, P38; McGinley MA, 1988, EVOL ECOL, V2, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF02071590; MCNEILL S, 1978, BIOCH ASPECTS PLANT, P77; MERRIAM HG, 1971, CAN J ZOOLOG, V49, P667, DOI 10.1139/z71-105; MOUSSEAU TA, 1991, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V36, P511, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.002455; Mousseau TA, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P403, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01472-4; Niewiarowski PH, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P421, DOI 10.1086/319321; Ozalp P, 2001, J APPL ENTOMOL, V125, P177, DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0418.2001.00528.x; Reznick D, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P147; Roff D. 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J	Lopes, I; Baird, DJ; Ribeiro, R				Lopes, I; Baird, DJ; Ribeiro, R			Genetic determination of tolerance to lethal and sublethal copper concentrations in field populations of Daphnia longispina	ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY			English	Article							METAL-ADAPTED POPULATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; MAGNA STRAUS; WATER-COLUMN; RESISTANCE; CADMIUM; RESPONSES; ENVIRONMENT; HYPOTHESIS	In order to study the effects of environmental pollution on the genetic diversity of natural populations, two field populations of the cladoceran Daphnia longispina were sampled: one in a reference site (uncontaminated) and the other in a site historically stressed with acid mine drainage (AMD). Five hypotheses were formulated: (1) the stressed population presents a higher tolerance to lethal levels of copper than the reference population, (2) differences in tolerance to lethal levels, observed between the two populations, are due to the loss of sensitive lineages, (3) differences in tolerance to lethal levels of copper between the two populations are due to the appearance of new genotypes, (4) the acquisition of tolerance to lethal levels of copper involved changes in life-history patterns and fitness costs under optimal conditions, and (5) historical contamination by AMD resulted in tolerance differences to sublethal levels between populations, within categories similarly tolerant to lethality, specifically, lineages with similar tolerance to lethal levels from both populations show differences in tolerance to sublethal levels, the stressed population being more tolerant to sublethal levels of contamination than the reference population. Over 125 acclimated cloned lineages, from each population, were exposed to different copper concentrations for 24 hours. At the end of each assay, mortality and feeding inhibition were monitored. Life-cycle traits under optimal conditions were also monitored (time to first brood, number of neonates per brood, inter-brood time, body length, and ingested algae). At lethal levels of copper, significant differences were found in the frequency of sensitive lineages between the two populations. The stressed population did not include the most sensitive lineages, though the most tolerant ones were also present in the reference population. Thus, the hypothesis of presence of new genotypes in the stressed population resulting in an overall increase tolerance of the population at lethal levels was rejected. Changes in life-history patterns were detected, though they were not fully consistent with predictions of life-history theory. Furthermore, these changes in life-history patterns did not involve fitness costs. The fifth hypothesis was rejected since, at sublethal levels of copper, no significant differences were found between the feeding inhibitions of similarly lethal tolerant lineages of the two populations, with only one exception. Therefore, the present study further confirmed the genetic erosion hypothesis and gave further support to the incorporation of genetic diversity measurements into risk assessments.	Univ Coimbra, Dept Zool, Inst Ambiente & Vida, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Environm Grp, Stirling FK9 LA4, Scotland	Ribeiro, R (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Zool, Inst Ambiente & Vida, Largo Marques de Pombal, P-3004517 Coimbra, Portugal.		Lopes, Isabel/C-2858-2009; Baird, Donald/A-5267-2009; Ribeiro, Rui/C-7788-2012	Ribeiro, Rui/0000-0002-0883-1939; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0002-9325-0329			*ASTM, 1994, ANN BOOK AM SOC TEST; Baird D. 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Environ. Contam. Toxicol.	JAN	2004	46	1					43	51		10.1007/s00244-003-2143-5				9	Environmental Sciences; Toxicology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology	759WR	WOS:000187774600006	15025163	Green Published			2018-11-12	
J	Oli, MK				Oli, MK			The fast-slow continuum and mammalian life-history patterns: an empirical evaluation	BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY			English	Review						elasticity analysis; life-history theory; matrix population models; population dynamics; tempo of life-histories	POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; AGE STRUCTURE; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; SEXUAL-MATURITY; MORTALITY-RATES; FEMALE MAMMALS; CYCLE ANALYSIS; K-SELECTION	The history patterns exhibited by biological populations, but the quantification and population-dynamic consequences of the continuum has remained unclear. I used the ratio of fertility rate to age at first reproduction (F/alpha ratio) to quantify the tempo of life-history of 138 populations of mammals, and investigated the life-history and population-dynamic consequences of being "fast" or "slow". "Fast" mammals (F/alpha > 0.60) were characterized by early maturity, short lifespans, low survival. rates, and high fertility and projected population growth rate (lambda) compared to "slow" (F/alpha < 0.15) mammals. In "fast" populations, lambda was overwhelmingly most sensitive to changes in reproductive parameters (age at first reproduction and fertility rates) and relativety insensitive to changes in survival rates. In "slow" populations, lambda was very sensitive to changes in juvenile or adult survival rates, and relatively insensitive to changes in reproductive parameters. The pattern of relationships between the F/alpha ratio and (life-history variables, lambda, and elasticity of lambda, to changes in life-history variables persisted even after the effects of body size and phylogeny were statistically removed. These results suggest that fast-slow continuum in mammalian life-history is independent of body size or phylogeny, that the F/alpha ratio adequately quantifies the position of a population along a fast-slow continuum, and that the tempo of life-histories has substantial population-dynamic consequences. (C) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	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Ecol.		2004	5	5					449	463		10.1016/j.baae.2004.06.002				15	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	888RU	WOS:000226392700007					2018-11-12	
B	Kramer, PA		Meldrum, DJ; Hilton, CE		Kramer, PA			The behavioral ecology of locomotion	FROM BIPED TO STRIDER: THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN HUMAN WALKING, RUNNING, AND RESOURCE TRANSPORT			English	Proceedings Paper	Symposium From Biped to Strider - The Emergence of Modern Human Walking held at the 69th Annual Meeting of the AAPA	APR   15, 2000	San Antonio, TX				AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; POSITIONAL BEHAVIOR; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PAN-TROGLODYTES; EVOLUTION; HOMINIDS; WALKING; AFRICANUS; ANATOMY; HOMO	One of the cornerstones of modern evolutionary biology is the insight that an individual that is more tailored to his environment should have a higher survival and reproductive potential than his less adapted neighbors. Behavioral ecology attempts to explain behaviors as adaptive, or not, only in particular ecological contexts. And life history theory highlights that the developmental stage of an individual is an integral part of the environment and that development is an inherently sequential process. But how do these seminal ideas help us understand the evolution of hominid bipedality? Bipedality can be thought of as a suite of possible styles, with different forms optimizing diverse traits. The locomotor form of an individual can be optimized for many characteristics, including 1) efficient use of energetic. thermal. temporal and water budgets; 2) range; 3) velocity or acceleration; 4) endurance, fatigue and injury protection; and 5) burden carrying. All could be important in different ecological circumstances and, indeed, many may act in concert with others, but which ones? when? how? and how can We tell from the fossil record? While female australopithecines appear to have excelled at slow speeds and short distances, the locomotor form of Homo seems to be oriented toward relatively long distance travel and endurance walking and running. Understanding these aspects of the locomotor regime does not. however, inform about the other elements of the behavioral repertoire, nor does it elucidate why the transition took place and what the functional implications of it are. The task of understanding bipedality as a fundamental adaptation of Hominidae can only be a truly fruitful endeavor if we keep in mind that males and females may have different ecological perspectives; children, adolescents. and adults may interact with the environment in different ways; and the environment is a complex set of interacting, dynamic factors.	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J	Bock, J; Johnson, SE				Bock, J; Johnson, SE			Subsistence ecology and play among the Okavango Delta peoples of Botswana	HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE			English	Article						Botswana; children's play; human evolutionary ecology; life-history theory; time allocation	PARENTAL INVESTMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; EVOLUTION; CHILDREN; FERTILITY	Children's play is widely believed by educators and social scientists to have a training function that contributes to psychosocial development as well as the acquisition of skills related to adult competency in task performance. In this paper we examine these assumptions from the perspective of life-history theory using behavioral observation and household economic data collected among children in a community in the Okavango Delta of Botswana where people engage in mixed subsistence regimes of dry farming, foraging, and herding. We hypothesize that if play contributes to adult competency then time allocation to play will decrease as children approach adult levels of competence. This hypothesis generates the following predictions: (1) time allocated to play activities that develop specific productive skills should decline in relation to the proportion of adult competency achieved; (2) children will spend more time in forms of play that are related to skill development in tasks specific to the subsistence ecology in which that child participates or expects to participate; and (3) children will spend more time in forms of play that are related to skill development in tasks clearly related to the gender-specific productive role in the subsistence ecology in which that child participates or expects to participate. We contrast these expectations with the alternative hypothesis that if play is not preparatory for adult competence then time allocated to each play activity should diminish at the same rate. This latter hypothesis generates the following two predictions: (1) time allocation to play should be unaffected by subsistence regime and (2) patterns of time allocation to play should track patterns of growth and energy balance. Results from multiple regression analysis support earlier research in this community showing that trade-offs between immediate productivity and future returns were a primary determinant of children's activity patterns. Children whose labor was in greater demand spent significantly less time playing. In addition, controlling for age and gender, children spent significantly more time in play activities related to tasks specific to their household subsistence economy. These results are consistent with the assertion that play is an important factor in the development of adult competency and highlight the important contributions of an evolutionary ecological perspective in understanding children's developmental trajectories.	Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Anthropol, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA	Bock, J (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Anthropol, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA.	jbock@fullerton.edu					BARBER N, 1991, Q REV BIOL, V66, P129, DOI 10.1086/417142; Bekoff M., 1998, ANIMAL PLAY EVOLUTIO; Bird DW, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P269, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1010-9; Bird RB, 2002, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V13, P239, DOI 10.1007/s12110-002-1009-2; Bjorklund D. 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J	Beauchamp, KC; Collins, NC; Henderson, BA				Beauchamp, KC; Collins, NC; Henderson, BA			Covariation of growth and maturation of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)	JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH			English	Article						lake whitefish; life history traits; growth; maturation	LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL MORTALITY; FISH STOCKS; REPRODUCTION; PARAMETERS; SIZE; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; MATURITY; MODEL	Covariations of growth, age and size at maturity, and adult natural mortality rates are described for 22 Great Lakes stocks and 28 inland lake populations of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). An understanding of these covariations could be used to modify the expectations of sustainable yields. Age at maturity was inversely related to pre-reproductive growth rates (omega = L-infinity k). Size at age 1 was significantly correlated with pre-reproductive growth rates, indicating that omega is a realistic index of early growth. Age, but not length at maturity was inversely correlated with pre- reproductive growth rates. Asymptotic sizes (L-infinity) were not correlated with age at maturity, however the time required to achieve asymptotic size was positively correlated with age at maturity. Pre-reproductive growth rates and asymptotic sizes were larger for Great Lakes whitefish than for inland lake whitefish. Great Lakes stocks matured at a younger age apparently due to higher pre- reproductive growth rates. Natural mortality rates were inversely related to age at maturity. These intraspecific covariations of growth and maturity are consistent with life history theory developed from interspecific analyses. Life history theory derived from interspecific analyses can, therefore, be applied to intraspecific variations in life history traits.	Lake Huron Fisheries Res Unit, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada; Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada	Beauchamp, KC (reprint author), Lake Huron Fisheries Res Unit, 1450 7th Ave E, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada.	dave.m.anderson@mnr.gov.on.ca		Collins, Nicholas/0000-0002-6901-6604			BEAUCHAMP KC, 2002, THESIS U TORONTO TOR; Beverton R. J. H., 1963, Rapport Conseil Exploration Mer, V154, P44; Beverton R. J. H., 1959, CIBA FDN C AGEING, V5, P142, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470715253.CH10; BROWN JS, 1993, LECT NOTES BIOMATH, V99, P140; CERRATO RM, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P1416, DOI 10.1139/f90-160; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; COLE LC, 1954, Q REV BIOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1086/400074; Conover DO, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P94, DOI 10.1126/science.1074085; Day T, 1997, AM NAT, V149, P381, DOI 10.1086/285995; FISHER R. 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J	Garamszegi, LZ; Torok, J; Michl, G; Moller, AP				Garamszegi, LZ; Torok, J; Michl, G; Moller, AP			Female survival, lifetime reproductive success and mating status in a passerine bird	OECOLOGIA			English	Article						collared flycatcher; fitness; Mark-recapture analysis; polygyny; secondary female	FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; MALE PARENTAL CARE; ALREADY-MATED MALES; PIED FLYCATCHER; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; DECEPTION HYPOTHESIS; POLYGYNY; COMPETITION; AGGRESSION	In facultatively polygynous birds, secondary females of polygynously mated males typically have reduced annual reproductive success, because polygynous males provide less paternal care than monogamous males. Life history theory predicts that, as a result of increased reproductive investment, secondary females should suffer from reduced survival and lifetime reproductive success, but previous studies provided only weak support for this hypothesis. We used 7 years of data to study the fitness of female collared flycatchers Ficedula albicollis in relation to mating status by estimating survival and lifetime reproductive success. Taking differences in recapture probability into account, a mark-recapture analysis revealed that females observed at least once to breed as secondary female had higher survival than other females. This relationship was not confounded by laying date, because when we assessed the impact of laying date on survival, we found similar survival patterns. Females of polygynous males had reduced breeding success in terms of number of young fledged during the current reproductive event. However, during their lifetime females found at least once in primary or secondary mating status produced significantly more eggs, and at least the same number of fledglings and recruits as monogamous females. Thus, in the collared flycatcher, females of polygynously mated males seem to suffer from mating status during the most recent reproductive event, but considering survival and lifetime reproductive success, the apparently disadvantageous mating event is not necessarily associated with reduced residual reproductive value.	Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Systemat Zool, Behav Ecol Grp, Budapest, Hungary; Univ Paris 06, Lab Parasitol Evolut, Paris, France	Garamszegi, LZ (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.	lgaramsz@uia.ac.be	Torok, Janos/C-6144-2008; Garamszegi, Laszlo/M-1488-2015; Garamszegi, Laszlo/B-5089-2011	Torok, Janos/0000-0002-4799-5522; Garamszegi, Laszlo/0000-0001-8920-2183; 			Akaike H, 1985, CELEBRATION STAT; Alatalo RV, 1990, BEHAV ECOL, V1, P171, DOI 10.1093/beheco/1.2.171; ALATALO RV, 1982, ANIM BEHAV, V30, P585, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(82)80072-9; ALATALO RV, 1984, ANN ZOOL FENN, V21, P217; ALATALO RV, 1981, AM NAT, V117, P738, DOI 10.1086/283756; Bensch S, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P283, DOI 10.2307/5875; Bensch S, 1997, J AVIAN BIOL, V28, P345, DOI 10.2307/3676949; Both C, 2002, ARDEA, V90, P129; BROWNIE C, 1993, BIOMETRICS, V49, P1173, DOI 10.2307/2532259; BUCKLAND ST, 1991, BIOMETRICS, V47, P255, DOI 10.2307/2532510; Burnham K. 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J	Marshall, DJ; Bolton, TF; Keough, MJ				Marshall, DJ; Bolton, TF; Keough, MJ			Offspring size affects the post-metamorphic performance of a colonial marine invertebrate	ECOLOGY			English	Article						bryozoan; Bugula neritina; carryover effect; maternal effect; reproductive success	BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; LARVAL SWIMMING DURATION; EGG SIZE; QUALITY; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; FIELD	The positive relationship between offspring size and offspring fitness is a fundamental assumption of life-history theory, but it has received relatively little attention in the marine environment. This is surprising given that substantial intraspecific variation in offspring size is common in marine organisms and there are clear links between larval experience and adult performance. The metamorphosis of most marine invertebrates does not represent a "newbeginning," and larval experiences can have effects that carry over to juvenile survival and growth. We show that larval size can have equally important carryover effects in a colonial marine invertebrate. In the bryozoan Bugula neritina, the size of the non-feeding larvae has a prolonged effect on colony performance after metamorphosis. Colonies that came from larger larvae survived better, grew faster, and reproduced sooner or produced more embryos than colonies that came from smaller larvae. These effects crossed generations, with colonies from larger larvae themselves producing larger larvae. These effects were found in two populations (in Australia and in the United States) in contrasting habitats.	Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; Marine Environm Sci Consortium, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA	Marshall, DJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.	d.marshall@zoology.unimelb.edu.au	Marshall, Dustin/C-3450-2016; Marshall, Dustin/A-4185-2008				Bernardo J, 1996, AM ZOOL, V36, P216; Bertram DF, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P315, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0315:EOMALN]2.0.CO;2; Davidson SK, 1999, BIOL BULL, V196, P273, DOI 10.2307/1542952; Einum S, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P2095, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0893; George SB, 1996, OCEANOL ACTA, V19, P297; Hunt HL, 1997, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V155, P269, DOI 10.3354/meps155269; Jones HL, 1996, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V202, P29, DOI 10.1016/0022-0981(96)00029-9; KEOUGH MJ, 1986, ECOLOGY, V67, P846, DOI 10.2307/1939807; KEOUGH MJ, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P199, DOI 10.2307/1938820; KEOUGH MJ, 1989, BIOL BULL, V177, P277, DOI 10.2307/1541942; Marshall DJ, 2002, ECOL LETT, V5, P173, DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00257.x; Marshall DJ, 2000, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V195, P305, DOI 10.3354/meps195305; Moran AL, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1597, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1597:OSAPIV]2.0.CO;2; Mousseau TA, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P403, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01472-4; Pechenik JA, 1998, BIOSCIENCE, V48, P901, DOI 10.2307/1313294; Pechenik JA, 1999, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V177, P269, DOI 10.3354/meps177269; Quinn GP, 2002, EXPT DESIGN DATA ANA; REZNICK D, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P2011, DOI 10.2307/1940844; REZNICK D, 1981, EVOLUTION, V35, P941, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1981.tb04960.x; Sakai S, 2001, AM NAT, V157, P348, DOI 10.1086/319194; Sinervo B, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1314, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02371.x; SINVERO B, 1990, EVOLUTION, V44, P279; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Underwood AJ, 2001, MARINE COMMUNITY ECOLOGY, P183; Wendt DE, 1998, BIOL BULL-US, V195, P126, DOI 10.2307/1542820; Wendt DE, 1996, BIOL BULL-US, V191, P224, DOI 10.2307/1542925; WILLIAMS TD, 1994, BIOL REV, V68, P35, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1469-185X.1994.TB01485.X	28	125	126	0	47	ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER	WASHINGTON	1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA	0012-9658			ECOLOGY	Ecology	DEC	2003	84	12					3131	3137		10.1890/02-0311				7	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	762LN	WOS:000187973500004					2018-11-12	
J	Coall, DA; Chisholm, JS				Coall, DA; Chisholm, JS			Evolutionary perspectives on pregnancy: maternal age at menarche and infant birth weight	SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE			English	Review						birth weight; age at menarche; evolutionary theory; psychosocial stress	BODY-MASS INDEX; FETAL-GROWTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE; GESTATIONAL-AGE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; GENETIC CONFLICTS; ADULT OBESITY; CHINESE GIRLS	We present a novel evolutionary analysis of low birth weight (LBW). LBW is a well-known risk factor for increased infant morbidity and mortality. Its causes, however, remain obscure and there is a vital need for new approaches. Life history theory, the most dynamic branch of evolutionary ecology, provides important insights into the potential role of LBW in human reproductive strategies. Life history theory's primary rationale for LBW is the trade-off between current and future reproduction. This trade-off underlies the prediction that under conditions of environmental risk and uncertainty (experienced subjectively as psychosocial stress) it can be evolutionarily adaptive to reproduce at a young age. One component of early reproduction is early menarche. Early reproduction tends to maximise offspring quantity, but parental investment theory's assumption of a quantity-quality trade-off holds that maximizing offspring quantity reduces quality, of which LBW may be the major component. We therefore predict that women who experienced early psychosocial stress and had early menarche are more likely to produce LBW babies. Furthermore, the extension of parent-offspring conflict theory in utero suggests that the fetus will attempt to resist its mother's efforts to reduce its resources, allocating more of what it does receive to the placenta in order to extract more maternal resources to increase its own quality. We propose that LBW babies born to mothers who experience early psychosocial stress and have early menarche are more likely to have a higher placental/fetal weight ratio. We review evidence in support of these hypotheses and discuss the implications for public health. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia	Coall, DA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anat & Human Biol, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.	dcoall@anhb.uwa.edu.au		Coall, David/0000-0002-0488-2683			Acheson D., 1998, INDEPENDENT INQUIRY; Adair LS, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.4.e59; AnderssonEllstrom A, 1996, ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN, V75, P484, DOI 10.3109/00016349609033359; Barker DJP, 1999, ANN MED, V31, P3, DOI 10.1080/07853890.1999.11904392; BARKER DJP, 1990, BRIT MED J, V301, P259, DOI 10.1136/bmj.301.6746.259; Barker DJP, 1997, ACTA PAEDIATR, V86, P78; Barker DJP, 1994, MOTHERS BABIES DIS L; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P905, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.32.5.905; Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1; CAMPBELL BC, 1995, J BIOSOC SCI, V27, P127; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Chisholm JS, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02733488; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; 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Sci. Med.	NOV	2003	57	10					1771	1781		10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00022-4				11	Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical	Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences	728MF	WOS:000185720400001	14499504				2018-11-12	
J	Clarke, A				Clarke, A			Costs and consequences of evolutionary temperature adaptation	TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION			English	Editorial Material							GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; METABOLIC-RATE; BODY-MASS; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; DROSOPHILA-SERRATA; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SOUTHERN BORDER; MARINE COPEPODS	Temperature affects everything that an organism does. Although we have an increasingly sophisticated understanding of evolutionary adaptation to temperature at the molecular level for some cellular processes, we still know little about evolutionary temperature adaptation in gene expression, cell-cycle control or growth, all of which influence organism performance and fitness. Recent studies have shown that the physiological costs of evolutionary temperature adaptation vary with body temperature. Here, I argue that this macroecological pattern has powerful consequences for life-history theory, and probably also for food-web dynamics, biological diversity and biotic response to climate change. The relationships among evolution, temperature and ecology are multivariate, hierarchical and complex making evolutionary physiology at the macroecological scale an exciting and challenging agenda for the next decade.	British Antarctic Survey, Div Biol Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England	Clarke, A (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Div Biol Sci, HIgh Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.	accl@bas.ac.uk			Natural Environment Research Council [bas010008, bas010007]		Allen AP, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P1545, DOI 10.1126/science.1072380; ANGUILLETTA JJ, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P234; ARCHER SD, 1991, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V64, P242, DOI 10.1086/physzool.64.1.30158522; BALDWIN JE, 1981, NATURE, V291, P381, DOI 10.1038/291381a0; BARNES DKA, 1995, POLAR BIOL, V15, P335; Bennett K., 1997, EVOLUTION ECOLOGY PA; BERVEN KA, 1979, EVOLUTION, V33, P609, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04714.x; BREY T, 1993, ANTARCT SCI, V5, P253; Brodeur JC, 2003, J EXP BIOL, V206, P1011, DOI 10.1242/jeb.00204; Brown JH, 1996, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V27, P597, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.597; BROWN JH, 1993, AM NAT, V142, P573, DOI 10.1086/285558; Chown SL, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P365, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00096.x; Chown SL, 1999, BIOL REV, V74, P87, DOI 10.1017/S000632319800526X; CLARKE A, 1993, PALEOBIOLOGY, V19, P499; CLARKE A, 1993, FUNCT ECOL, V7, P139, DOI 10.2307/2389880; Clarke A, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P893, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00337.x; CLARKE A, 1991, AM ZOOL, V31, P81; CLARKE A, 1987, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V38, P89, DOI 10.3354/meps038089; CLARKE A, 1983, OCEANOGR MAR BIOL, V21, P341; CONNELL JH, 1961, ECOLOGY, V42, P710, DOI 10.2307/1933500; CURRIE DJ, 1991, AM NAT, V137, P27, DOI 10.1086/285144; Davis AJ, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P600, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00223.x; Davis AJ, 1998, NATURE, V391, P783, DOI 10.1038/35842; Elser JJ, 2000, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V13, P845; Feder ME, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P315, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.315; Feder ME, 1999, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V61, P243, DOI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.243; Fraser KPP, 2002, J EXP BIOL, V205, P3077; GASTON K, 2001, PATTERN PROCESS MACR; Gillooly JF, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P2248, DOI 10.1126/science.1061967; Gotthard K, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P896, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00432.x; Guderley H., 1998, Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series, V66, P58; HARRINGTON RJ, 1987, VELIGER, V30, P148; Hirsh AE, 2001, NATURE, V411, P1046, DOI 10.1038/35082561; Hirst AG, 2003, ADV MAR BIOL, V44, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2881(03)44002-9; HOCHACHKA PW, 2002, BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATI; Hodkinson ID, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P1259, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00372.x; Hoffmann A.A., 1991, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC; HOFMANN GE, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1509; Hofmann GE, 2002, INTEGR COMP BIOL, V42, P808, DOI 10.1093/icb/42.4.808; HUNTLEY ME, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P201, DOI 10.1086/285410; Ikeda T, 2001, MAR BIOL, V139, P587, DOI 10.1007/s002270100608; IVLEVA IV, 1980, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V65, P1, DOI 10.1002/iroh.19800650102; JABLONSKI D, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P389, DOI 10.1126/science.11536722; JEFFREE EP, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P640, DOI 10.2307/2389927; Jenkins NL, 1999, EVOLUTION, V53, P1823, DOI [10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04565.x, 10.2307/2640443]; Jenkins NL, 2001, AUST J ENTOMOL, V40, P41, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-6055.2001.00197.x; Jensen AJ, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P1010, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00457.x; Jeong H, 2000, NATURE, V407, P651, DOI 10.1038/35036627; JOHNSTON IA, 1994, J EXP BIOL, V195, P293; JOHNSTON IA, 1991, MAR BIOL, V109, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01319386; Johnston IA, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P1; Kock K. - H., 1992, ANTARCTIC FISH FISHE; Lawton JH, 1999, OIKOS, V84, P177, DOI 10.2307/3546712; LAWTON JH, 1993, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V8, P409, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90043-O; Lovegrove BG, 2000, AM NAT, V156, P201, DOI 10.1086/303383; Moerland Timothy S., 1995, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, V5, P57; Neargarder G, 2003, FUNCT ECOL, V17, P213, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00722.x; Parmesan C, 2003, NATURE, V421, P37, DOI 10.1038/nature01286; Parmesan C, 1999, NATURE, V399, P579, DOI 10.1038/21181; Peck LS, 2000, GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL, V177, P441, DOI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.177.01.29; Pimm S. 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NOV	2003	18	11					573	581		10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.007				9	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	738WP	WOS:000186311100008					2018-11-12	
J	Kaspari, M; O'Donnell, S				Kaspari, M; O'Donnell, S			High rates of army ant raids in the Neotropics and implications for ant colony and community structure	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH			English	Article						ants; army ants; Ecitoninae; latitudinal gradient; life history; litter; predation; soil; tropics	SPECIES RICHNESS; PREDATION; GRADIENTS; ASSEMBLAGES; HYMENOPTERA; ECITONINAE; FORMICIDAE; PATCHINESS; ALLOCATION; DIVERSITY	Army ants form nomadic insect colonies whose chief food is other social insects. Here we compare the rate of army ant raids with the average density of their potential prey from 28 New World subtropical and tropical localities. We estimate that army ant raids occur at the rate of 1.22 m(2) per day in tropical forests. Army ant raid rates increased with primary productivity, and with the density of potential prey (litter-nesting ant colonies), across sites. Our estimates of raid rates for army ant guilds are much higher than previously published estimates based solely on surface-raiding Eciton. Life-history theory predicts that high rates of predation on insect societies will select for both smaller average colony sizes and indeterminate colony growth, and these traits have been documented for tropical ant litter-nesting ants. Our results suggest that army ant predation can affect both patterns.	Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA; Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA	Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA.						Berghoff SM, 2002, INSECT SOC, V49, P133, DOI 10.1007/s00040-002-8292-0; COVER SP, 1990, SOCIAL INSECTS ENV, P31; FITTKAU E J, 1973, Biotropica, V5, P2, DOI 10.2307/2989676; Franks N. R., 1983, Tropical rain forest; ecology and management, P151; Franks Nigel, 1996, P389; HERBERS JM, 1985, INSECT SOC, V32, P224, DOI 10.1007/BF02224913; Hermann HR, 1982, SOCIAL INSECTS, V4, P157; JEANNE RL, 1979, ECOLOGY, V60, P1211, DOI 10.2307/1936968; JEANNE RL, 1975, Q REV BIOL, V50, P267, DOI 10.1086/408564; KASPARI M, 1995, AM NAT, V145, P610, DOI 10.1086/285758; Kaspari M, 2003, AM NAT, V161, P459, DOI 10.1086/367906; KASPARI M, 1995, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V37, P255, DOI 10.1007/s002650050189; Kaspari M, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P443, DOI 10.2307/3546338; Kaspari M, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V107, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF00327911; Kaspari M, 2000, AM NAT, V155, P280, DOI 10.1086/303313; Kaspari M, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P485, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1026; Kaspari M, 2001, GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR, V10, P229, DOI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00214.x; Kaspari M., 2000, MEASURING MONITORING, P9; Kistner D. H., 1982, Social insects. Vol. III, P1; KOZLOWSKI J, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P15, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90192-E; LaPolla JS, 2002, INSECT SOC, V49, P251, DOI 10.1007/s00040-002-8310-2; Longino JT, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P689, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0689:TAFOAT]2.0.CO;2; MENGE BA, 1981, ECOL MONOGR, V51, P429, DOI 10.2307/2937323; MIRENDA JT, 1980, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V7, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF00299517; ODONNELL S, 1990, J TROP ECOL, V6, P507, DOI 10.1017/S0266467400004958; Perfecto Ivette, 1992, Psyche (Cambridge), V99, P214, DOI 10.1155/1992/47525; PIANKA ER, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P33, DOI 10.1086/282398; RETTENMEYER CARL W., 1963, UNIV KANSAS SCI BULL, V44, P281; RETTENMEYER CW, 1983, SOCIAL INSECTS TROPI, P59; SIH A, 1985, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V16, P269, DOI 10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.001413; Swartz MB, 1998, BIOTROPICA, V30, P682, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00110.x; TSCHINKEL WR, 1991, INSECT SOC, V38, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01242715; Watkins J. F., 1976, IDENTIFICATION DISTR; WATKINS JF, 1982, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V55, P197; WATKINS JF, 1985, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V58, P479; WHEELER W. M., 1910, ANTS THEIR STRUCTURE; Wilson EO, 1990, ANTS	37	54	57	0	15	EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD	TUCSON	UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA	1522-0613			EVOL ECOL RES	Evol. Ecol. Res.	OCT	2003	5	6					933	939						7	Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity	725NW	WOS:000185550100009					2018-11-12	
J	Margraf, N; Gotthard, K; Rahier, M				Margraf, N; Gotthard, K; Rahier, M			The growth strategy of an alpine beetle: maximization or individual growth adjustment in relation to seasonal time horizons?	FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY			English	Article						growth rate; life history; phenotypic plasticity; photoperiod; seasonality	LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; LEAF BEETLE; BUTTERFLIES; RATES	1. Life-history theory typically predicts that juvenile growth rate should be maximized and consequently juvenile period minimized. However, in several examples it has been shown that insect larvae do not always grow as fast as they can and this has been explained by costs of high growth rate, typically higher juvenile mortality rate. Hence, some insect larvae have the ability to adaptively adjust growth rate to catch up if development is delayed. 2. The presence of such ability was tested for in the alpine beetle Oreina elongata Suffrian. In this species, the favourable period for development is relatively short and of unpredictable length, and individuals are chemically defended against predation; factors that could affect the balance between the benefits and costs of high growth rate. 3. Here it is shown that when time stressed, O. elongata larvae were able to increase growth rate, accelerate development and reach the normal final weight. 4. Hence, individual growth rate adjustment was present in a situation where its adaptive value appeared to be relatively weak, which supports the notion that flexible growth strategies are a common phenomenon in temperate insects.	Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Lab Ecol Anim & Entomol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland	Margraf, N (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Lab Ecol Anim & Entomol, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland.	nicolas.margraf@unine.ch	Gotthard, Karl/F-1163-2011				Abrams PA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P381, DOI 10.1086/285857; Arendt JD, 1997, Q REV BIOL, V72, P149, DOI 10.1086/419764; Ballabeni P, 2003, OIKOS, V101, P70, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12569.x; DOBLER S, 1994, J CHEM ECOL, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02059597; DOBLER S, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V97, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF00323160; Gotthard K, 1998, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V11, P21; Gotthard K, 1999, OIKOS, V84, P453, DOI 10.2307/3546424; Gotthard K, 2000, J ANIM ECOL, V69, P896, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00432.x; Gotthard K, 2001, EXPTL BIOL REV, P287; Jonsson KI, 1997, OIKOS, V78, P57, DOI 10.2307/3545800; Leimar O, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P228, DOI 10.2307/3546194; Nylin S, 1998, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V43, P63, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.63; NYLIN S, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V38, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01571.x; Nylin S, 1996, EVOLUTION, V50, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02377.x; Roff Derek A., 1992; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST	16	33	34	0	4	WILEY	HOBOKEN	111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA	0269-8463	1365-2435		FUNCT ECOL	Funct. Ecol.	OCT	2003	17	5					605	610		10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00775.x				6	Ecology	Environmental Sciences & Ecology	726JL	WOS:000185595900005		Bronze			2018-11-12