PT AU BA BE GP AF BF CA TI SO SE BS LA DT CT CY CL SP HO DE ID AB C1 RP EM RI OI FU FX CR NR TC Z9 U1 U2 PU PI PA SN EI BN J9 JI PD PY VL IS PN SU SI MA BP EP AR DI D2 EA EY PG WC SC GA UT PM OA HC HP DA J Marchegiani, V; Zampieri, F; Della Barbera, M; Troisi, A Marchegiani, Vanessa; Zampieri, Fabio; Della Barbera, Mila; Troisi, Alfonso Gender differences in the interrelations between digit ratio, psychopathic traits and life history strategies PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Digit ratio; 2D:4D; Prenatal sex hormones; Psychopathy; Life history theory; Gender differences SECONDARY PSYCHOPATHY; JUVENILE PSYCHOPATHY; PERSONALITY; CONSTRUCTS; VARIANTS; 2D4D The primary purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between prenatal exposure to sex hormones, as measured by digit ratio (2D:4D), and psychopathic personality traits while controlling for the confounding effect of life history strategy. The secondary purpose was to confirm the hypothesis that primary and secondary psychopathy reflect a faster life history strategy. In a nonclinical sample of 137 volunteers, we measured the right and left hand digit ratios, personality traits reflecting primary and secondary psychopathy, and life history strategies. In a hierarchical regression analysis, males with lower levels of prenatal testosterone exposure, as measured by the left hand 2D:4D, scored higher on the subscale measuring primary psychopathy. Neither the right hand 2D:4D nor the left hand 2D:4D were significant predictors of secondary psychopathy. In the female subsample, digit ratios did not correlate with either primary or secondary psychopathy. Males with faster life history strategies scored higher on both primary and secondary psychopathy. By contrast, among the female participants, there was no significant correlation between the life history score and primary psychopathy, and the correlation with secondary psychopathy was significant but relatively weak. These findings suggest that the neurodevelopmental pathways to psychopathy may differ according to sex. [Marchegiani, Vanessa; Zampieri, Fabio; Della Barbera, Mila] Univ Padua, Med Sch, Dept Cardiac Thorac & Vasc Sci, Padua, Italy; [Troisi, Alfonso] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Int Med Sch, Rome, Italy Troisi, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Syst Med, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. alfonso.troisi@uniroma2.it Allaway HC, 2009, AM J HUM BIOL, V21, P365, DOI 10.1002/ajhb.20892; Anderson NE, 2014, RESTOR NEUROL NEUROS, V32, P103, DOI 10.3233/RNN-139001; Blanchard A, 2010, BRIT J FORENSIC PRAC, V12, P23, DOI DOI 10.5042/BJFP.2010.0183; Blanchard A, 2016, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V99, P67, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.077; Brinkley CA, 2001, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V31, P1021, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00178-1; Cale EM, 2002, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V22, P1179, DOI 10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00125-8; Carre JM, 2015, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V62, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.023; Chua K. 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B., 2017, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V15; Sefcek J. A., 2007, THESIS; Strouts PH, 2017, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V115, P128, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.047; Vidal S, 2010, LAW HUMAN BEHAV, V34, P150, DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9175-y; Waldman I. D., 2006, HDB PSYCHOPATHY, P205; Yildirim BO, 2012, PSYCHIAT RES, V200, P984, DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.044 38 0 0 20 20 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND 0191-8869 PERS INDIV DIFFER Pers. Individ. Differ. DEC 1 2018 135 108 112 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.004 5 Psychology, Social Psychology GV5LY WOS:000446144900016 2018-11-12 J van der Linden, D; Dunkel, CS; Tops, M; Hengartner, MP; Petrou, P van der Linden, Dimitri; Dunkel, Curtis S.; Tops, Mattie; Hengartner, Michael P.; Petrou, Paraskevas Life history strategy and stress: An effect of stressful life events, coping strategies, or both? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Life history theory; Stress; Life events; Coping; Mediation BIG-5 INVENTORY; GENERAL FACTOR; PERSONALITY; PROGRESS; ENGLISH Life history (LH) theory provides an evolutionary account of individual differences in various traits, including wellbeing. The theory distinguishes between a fast LH strategy, indicated by a short-term perspective (e.g., impulsivity), versus a slow LH strategy, indicated by a long-term perspective (e.g., more constraint behavior). Previous studies have reported an association between a fast LH strategy and more stress, but much of the mediating mechanisms are still unknown. Accordingly, we present three studies testing 1) whether LH strategy is directly associated with the number of disruptive life events and coping strategies, and 2) whether life events and coping mediate the LH-strategy-stress relationship. The results of the three studies converged: Faster LH strategists reported more disrupted life events, showed a less effective coping pattern, and life events and coping both partially mediated the LH strategy-stress association. These results point to several factors that can explain why LH strategy relates to stress. [van der Linden, Dimitri; Petrou, Paraskevas] Erasmus Univ, Dept Psychol Educ & Child Studies, POB 9104, Rotterdam, Netherlands; [Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Tops, Mattie] Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Hengartner, Michael P.] Zurich Univ Appl Sci ZHAW, Dept Appl Psychol, Zurich, Switzerland van der Linden, D (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Dept Psychol Educ & Child Studies, POB 9104, Rotterdam, Netherlands. vanderlinden@essb.eur.nl Hengartner, Michael/0000-0002-2956-2969; Van der Linden, Dimitri/0000-0001-7098-8948; Tops, Mattie/0000-0001-7861-9661 Almeida DM, 2005, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P64, DOI 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00336.x; Belsky J, 2012, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V21, P310, DOI 10.1177/0963721412453588; Carver CS, 2010, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V61, P679, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352; CATTELL RB, 1980, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V1, P229, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(80)90055-0; COCHRANE R, 1973, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V17, P135, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(73)90014-7; Compas BE, 2001, PSYCHOL BULL, V127, P87, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87; Del Giudice M., 2015, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY, V1, P88, DOI DOI 10.1002/9781119125563.EVPSYCH102; Denissen JJA, 2008, J PERS ASSESS, V90, P152, DOI 10.1080/00223890701845229; Dunkel C.S., 2013, J SOC EVOL CULTUR PS, V7, P12, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099177; Dunkel CS, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P681, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.014; Ellis BJ, 2017, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V29, P1001, DOI 10.1017/S0954579416000985; Ellis BJ, 2011, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V23, P7, DOI 10.1017/S0954579410000611; Figueredo A. 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DEC 1 2018 135 277 285 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.024 9 Psychology, Social Psychology GV5LY WOS:000446144900042 2018-11-12 J Li, Z; Liu, SW; Hartman, S; Belsky, J Li, Zhi; Liu, Siwei; Hartman, Sarah; Belsky, Jay Interactive Effects of Early-Life Income Harshness and Unpredictability on Children's Socioemotional and Academic Functioning in Kindergarten and Adolescence DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article environmental unpredictability; environmental harshness; life history; income INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FAMILY INCOME; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SENSITIVE PERIODS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CHILDHOOD; STRESS; ADJUSTMENT; DYNAMICS This research investigates whether and how two fundamental environmental factors-harshness and unpredictability-interact in regulating child and adolescent development, informed by life-history theory and drawing on data from the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,364). Early life harshness was operationalized as the typical level of family income-to-needs based on six repeated measurements across the first 4.5 years of life and early life unpredictability as random variation using the same family income measurements. Results revealed that children functioned most competently in the social and academic domain as kindergarteners when exposed to low environmental harshness and low unpredictability and least competently when they experienced high harshness and low unpredictability. The same interaction pattern emerged in adolescence in forecasting cognitive-academic competence and sexual behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of how reliable and unreliable environmental cues shape developmental trajectories. [Li, Zhi] Univ Rochester Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Sci Psychol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA; [Liu, Siwei; Hartman, Sarah; Belsky, Jay] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Li, Z (reprint author), Univ Rochester Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Sci Psychol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. zhili@rochester.edu Achenbach T, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE; Achenbach T. M., 2007, MULTICULTURAL UNDERS; Achenbach T. 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NOV 2018 54 11 2101 2112 10.1037/dev0000601 12 Psychology, Developmental Psychology GY0EV WOS:000448187100009 30265037 2018-11-12 J Nettersheim, J; Gerlach, G; Herpertz, S; Abed, R; Figueredo, AJ; Brune, M Nettersheim, Johanna; Gerlach, Gabriele; Herpertz, Stephan; Abed, Riadh; Figueredo, Aurelio J.; Bruene, Martin Evolutionary Psychology of Eating Disorders: An Explorative Study in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Article eating disorders; anorexia nervosa; bulimia; life history strategy; executive functioning; mate value; intrasexual competition LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; TO-HIP RATIO; SEXUAL SELECTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXAMINATION-QUESTIONNAIRE; MATE PREFERENCES; CLINICAL-SAMPLE; PERSONALITY; STRATEGY; BEHAVIOR Prior research on non-clinical samples has lent support to the sexual competition hypothesis for eating disorders (SCH) where the drive for thinness can be seen as an originally adaptive strategy for women to preserve a nubile female shape, which, when driven to an extreme, may cause eating disorders. Restrictive versus impulsive eating behavior may also be relevant for individual differences in allocation of resources to either mating effort or somatic growth, reflected in an evolutionary concept called "Life History Theory" (LHT). In this study, we aimed to test the SCH and predictions from LHT in female patients with clinically manifest eating disorders. Accordingly, 20 women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), 20 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 29 age-matched controls completed a package of questionnaires comprising measures for behavioral features and attitudes related to eating behavior, intrasexual competition, life history strategy, executive functioning and mating effort. In line with predictions, we found that relatively faster life history strategies were associated with poorer executive functioning, lower perceived own mate value, greater intrasexual competition for mates but not for status, and, in part, with greater disordered eating behavior. Comparisons between AN and BN revealed that individuals with BN tended to pursue a "fast" life history strategy, whereas people with AN were more similar to controls in pursuing a "slow" life history strategy. Moreover, intrasexual competition for mates was significantly predicted by the severity of disordered eating behavior. Together, our findings lend partial support to the SCH for eating disorders. We discuss the implications and limitations of our study findings. 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OCT 31 2018 9 2122 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02122 12 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology GY8RM WOS:000448900300001 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Terrill, RS Terrill, Ryan S. Feather growth rate increases with latitude in four species of widespread resident Neotropical birds AUK English Article latitudinal gradients; life history; molt; Neotropical birds; ptilochronology BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TRADE-OFF; ENERGETIC COST; SLOW PACE; MOLT; PTILOCHRONOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; ALLOMETRY; MIGRATION The pace of life history events varies with latitude in many taxa. In birds, especially, life history events tend to be protracted in the tropics. This pattern is likely the result of reduced seasonality in resources and changes in trade-offs associated with risk of mortality. In general, animals invest more in reproduction per attempt and less in adult survival at higher latitudes. Feather growth is a major investment that birds make in their own survival, but geographic patterns of feather growth have received very little study. Evidence from separate studies of molt timing in individual species suggests that high-latitude species complete molt faster than tropical birds. Within species, feathers that are grown more quickly tend to show lower structural integrity than feathers grown more slowly, but seasonality of resources may place temporal constraints on the pace of feather growth. I hypothesized that increased seasonality of resources or decreased investment in adult survival in relation to reproduction would result in an increase in feather growth rate with latitude within species of birds. I tested this hypothesis and alternatives using ptilochronology methods to measure the growth rates of rectrices from museum specimens of 4 species of broadly distributed, resident Neotropical birds across their ranges. I compared these feather growth rates to latitude, climatic suitability, bioclimatic variables, sex, and body mass between and among species. I found that feather growth rate consistently increased with latitude in all 4 species. My results confirmed previous findings that feather growth rate increases with mass in a nonlinear fashion among species; but I found no consistent relationship between body mass and feather growth rate within species. I discuss these results in the context of life history theory and propose 3 potential mechanistic explanations for the relationship between feather growth rate and latitude within species, as (1) a programmed response to increasingly seasonal resources, (2) a decreased investment in adult survival, or (3) fixed to some other factor that may vary with latitude, such as basal metabolic rate. [Terrill, Ryan S.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA; [Terrill, Ryan S.] Occident Coll, Moore Lab Zool, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA Terrill, RS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Terrill, RS (reprint author), Occident Coll, Moore Lab Zool, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. ornithoterrill@gmail.com Abramoff MD, 2004, BIOPHOTONICS INT, V11, P36, DOI DOI 10.1117/1.3589100; Alerstam T, 2003, OIKOS, V103, P247, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12559.x; BENNETT PM, 1987, J ZOOL, V213, P327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03708.x; Breuner CW, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V285, pR594, DOI 10.1152/ajpregu.00748.2002; DAAN S, 1989, J BIOL RHYTHM, V4, P267; de la Hera I, 2009, BIOL J LINN SOC, V97, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01189.x; de Winter JCF, 2013, PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT, V18, P1; Godsoe W, 2009, NEW PHYTOL, V183, P589, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02942.x; GREEN GH, 1975, BIRD STUDY, V22, P9, DOI 10.1080/00063657509476435; GRUBB TC, 1989, AUK, V106, P314; Guillemette M, 2007, ECOLOGY, V88, P2936, DOI 10.1890/06-1751.1; Guralnick R, 2010, BIOSCIENCE, V60, P258, DOI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.4.2; Hemborg C, 2001, OECOLOGIA, V129, P206, DOI 10.1007/s004420100710; Hijmans R. 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Terrill; Rotella, Jay. J.; Link, William A.; Garrott, Robert Variation in the vital rates of an Antarctic marine predator: the role of individual heterogeneity ECOLOGY English Article Antarctica; individual variation; life-history theory; senescence; vital rates; Weddell seal SEAL LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DEMOGRAPHIC STOCHASTICITY; FITNESS COMPONENTS; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; 1ST REPRODUCTION Variation in life-history traits such as lifespan and lifetime reproductive output is thought to arise, in part, due to among-individual differences in the underlying probabilities of survival and reproduction. However, the stochastic nature of demographic processes can also generate considerable variation in fitness-related traits among otherwise-identical individuals. An improved understanding of life-history evolution and population dynamics therefore depends on evaluating the relative role of each of these processes. Here, we used a 33-yr data set with reproductive histories for 1,274 female Weddell seals from Erebus Bay, Antarctica, to assess the strength of evidence for among-individual heterogeneity in the probabilities of survival and reproduction, while accounting for multiple other sources of variation in vital rates. Our analysis used recent advances in Bayesian model selection techniques and diagnostics to directly compare model fit and predictive power between models that included individual effects on survival and reproduction to those that did not. We found strong evidence for costs of reproduction to both survival and future reproduction, with breeders having rates of survival and subsequent reproduction that were 3% and 6% lower than rates for non-breeders. We detected age-related changes in the rates of survival and reproduction, but the patterns differed for the two rates. Survival rates steadily declined from 0.92 at age 7 to 0.56 at the maximal age of 31yr. In contrast, reproductive rates increased from 0.68 at age 7 to 0.79 at age 16 and then steadily declined to 0.37 for the oldest females. Models that included individual effects explained more variation in observed life histories and had better estimated predictive power than those that did not, indicating their importance in understanding sources of variation among individuals in life-history traits. We found that among-individual heterogeneity in survival was small relative to that for reproduction. Our study, which found patterns of variation in vital rates that are consistent with a series of predictionsfrom life-history theory, is the first to provide a thorough assessment of variation in important vital rates for a long-lived, high-latitude marine mammal while taking full advantage of recent developments in model evaluation. [Paterson, J. Terrill; Rotella, Jay. J.; Garrott, Robert] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Link, William A.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA Paterson, JT (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. terrillpaterson@gmail.com National Science Foundation [ANT-1141326, 1640481]; NSF We thank the many graduate students and field technicians who have collected data on this project. We also thank Jim Nichols and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (Grant Nos. ANT-1141326 and 1640481 to J. J. Rotella, R. A. Garrott, and Donald B. Siniff) and prior NSF Grants to R. A. Garrott, J. J. Rotella, D. B. Siniff, and J. Ward Testa. Logistical support for fieldwork in Antarctica was provided by Lockheed Martin, Raytheon Polar Services Company, Antarctic Support Associates, the United States Navy and Air Force and Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 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Is Political Conservatism Adaptive? Reinterpreting Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation as Evolved, Sociofunctional Strategies POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article coalitions; life history strategy; Right-Wing Authoritarianism; Social Dominance Orientation PROCESS MOTIVATIONAL MODEL; HEXACO PERSONALITY MODEL; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MORAL FOUNDATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; DARK TRIAD; IDEOLOGY; HIERARCHY; EVOLUTION; PREJUDICE The Dual Process Model (DPM) explains prejudice and political conservatism as functions of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and a Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Duckitt, 2001). From an evolutionary perspective, such orientations may represent specific adaptations to coalitional competition in the ancestral environment (Sinn & Hayes, 2016). Supporting this view, recent research suggests the two orientations represent divergent strategies, with RWA pursuing an honest-cooperator strategy and SDO a deceptive, cooperation-mimicking strategy (Heylen & Pauwels, 2015). In two studies, we examine additional evidence for an adaptationist interpretation of DPM. Utilizing life history theory, Study 1 finds that RWA reflects the predicted "slow" strategy by endorsing planning and control, investment in family relationships, altruism, and religiosity. In contrast, SDO reflects a "fast" strategy by devaluing planning and control, secure relationships, and altruism. Utilizing rank management theory, Study 2 finds that RWA reflects a prosocial orientation, endorsing coalition building and social networking while rejecting deception and manipulation. In contrast, SDO reflects an exploitive orientation, rejecting coalition building and networking but endorsing ruthless self-advancement and deceptive tactics. These findings support an adaptationist revision of RWA to recognize its prosocial, honest-cooperator dimension and of SDO to recognize proself, "dark" tactics seeking power within groups. [Sinn, Jeffrey S.; Hayes, Matthew W.] Winthrop Univ, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA Sinn, JS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ, Dept Psychol, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. sinnj@winthrop.edu Winthrop University [FR15004] The authors thank Winthrop University for financial support (Research Council Grant FR15004). Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jeff Sinn, Department of Psychology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, 29733. E-mail: sinnj@winthrop.edu Adorno T. 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Psychol. OCT 2018 39 5 1123 1139 10.1111/pops.12475 17 Political Science; Psychology, Social Government & Law; Psychology GU3RY WOS:000445198500008 2018-11-12 J Audzijonyte, A; Richards, SA Audzijonyte, Asta; Richards, Shane A. The Energetic Cost of Reproduction and Its Effect on Optimal Life-History Strategies AMERICAN NATURALIST English Article condition-dependent mortality; fisheries-induced evolution; indeterminate growth; maturation size; physiologically structured models; threshold reproduction cost COD GADUS-MORHUA; EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS; ATLANTIC COD; INDETERMINATE GROWTH; BALTIC COD; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SIZE; EVOLUTIONARY; MODEL Trade-offs in energy allocation between growth, reproduction, and survival are at the core of life-history theory. While age-specific mortality is considered to be the main determinant of the optimal allocation, some life-history strategies, such as delayed or skipped reproduction, may be better understood when also accounting for reproduction costs. Here, we present a two-pool indeterminate grower model that includes survival and energetic costs of reproduction. The energetic cost sets a minimum reserve required for reproduction, while the survival cost reflects increased mortality from low postreproductive body condition. Three life-history parameters determining age-dependent energy allocation to soma, reserve, and reproduction are optimized, and we show that the optimal strategies can reproduce realistic emergent growth trajectories, maturation ages, and reproductive outputs for fish. The model predicts maturation phase shifts along the gradient of condition-related mortality and shows that increased harvesting will select for earlier maturation and higher energy allocation to reproduction. However, since the energetic reproduction cost sets limits on how early an individual can mature, an increase in fitness at high harvesting can only be achieved by diverting most reserves into reproduction. The model presented here can improve predictions of life-history responses to environmental change and human impacts because key life-history traits such as maturation age and size, maximum body size, and size-specific fecundity emerge dynamically. [Audzijonyte, Asta] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; [Richards, Shane A.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Nat Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; [Richards, Shane A.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia Audzijonyte, A (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. asta.audzijonyte@utas.edu.au Kone Foundation; Australian Research Council [DP170104240] The authors would like to thank Andre de Roos, Ken Haste Andersen, Anssi Vainikka, editors Daniel I. Bolnick and Jurgen Groeneveld, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on early versions of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Kone Foundation and Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP170104240. 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Nat. OCT 2018 192 4 E150 E162 10.1086/698655 13 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GT1UW WOS:000444262900002 30205032 2018-11-12 J Hartman, S; Sung, S; Simpson, JA; Schlomer, GL; Belsky, J Hartman, Sarah; Sung, Sooyeon; Simpson, Jeffry A.; Schlomer, Gabriel L.; Belsky, Jay Decomposing environmental unpredictability in forecasting adolescent and young adult development: A two-sample study DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY English Article LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; SEXUAL RISK-TAKING; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; FATHER ABSENCE; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; MENARCHE; BEHAVIOR; AGE; HEALTH; EVOLUTION To illuminate which features of an unpredictable environment early in life best forecast adolescent and adult functioning, data from two longitudinal studies were examined. After decomposing a composite unpredictability construct found to predict later development, results of both studies revealed that paternal transitions predicted outcomes more consistently and strongly than did residential or occupational changes across the first 5 years of a child's life. These results derive from analyses of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, which included diverse families from 10 different sites in the United States, and from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, whose participants came from one site, were disproportionately economically disadvantaged, and were enrolled 15 years earlier than the NICHD Study sample. The finding that results from both studies are consistent with evolutionary, life history thinking regarding the importance of males in children's lives makes this general, cross-study replication noteworthy. 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OCT 2018 30 4 1321 1332 10.1017/S0954579417001729 12 Psychology, Developmental Psychology GS5PC WOS:000443717600008 29212568 2018-11-12 J Zhao, JM; Fang, Y; Lou, YQ; Swenson, JE; Sun, YH Zhao, Jin-Ming; Fang, Yun; Lou, Ying-Qiang; Swenson, Jon E.; Sun, Yue-Hua Brood rearing has an immediate survival cost for female Chinese Grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY English Article Reproductive cost; Movement distance; Brood-rearing period; Parental investment; Precocial species GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; CURRENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS-SCOTICUS; RUFFED GROUSE; HABITAT USE; BONASA-SEWERZOWI; BLACK GROUSE; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; CANADA GEESE Reproductive activities can incur various costs to breeding individuals in birds. One cost is that reproduction decreases survival probabilities of attendant individuals, which may have a major effect on population demography. During brood rearing, adults of precocial species usually make extensive movements to lead their young to sites with adequate food resources and dense cover. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of brood movement on attendant precocial adults. In this study, we tracked female Chinese Grouse during brood-rearing periods using radiotelemetry at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve, Gansu, China, during 2010-2012, to evaluate the effects of brood rearing and movement distances on females' survival probabilities using known fate models in program MARK. All 41 females attempted to breed, and 30 females successfully hatched at least one chick; 11 failed during the incubation period. Although females with broods moved more extensively than females without broods, movement distances did not influence survival probabilities of attendant females. Seven females with broods were killed by predators, resulting in a lower survival probability (0.958 +/- 0.016 weekly survival and 0.679 +/- 0.099 through the 9-weeks brood-rearing periods) than for females without broods, which all survived the brood-rearing periods. Our results agree with the prediction of life history theory, which assumes that cost must correlate with reproduction. The extensive movement patterns found in this study might reflect a lack of suitable brood-rearing habitat near nest sites, which might be detrimental to chick survival and influence the persistence of this population. [Zhao, Jin-Ming; Fang, Yun; Lou, Ying-Qiang; Sun, Yue-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Jin-Ming] Anhui Univ, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China; [Lou, Ying-Qiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Swenson, Jon E.] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Fac Environm Sci & Nat Resource Management, POB 5003, N-1432 As, Norway; [Swenson, Jon E.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway Sun, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. sunyh@ioz.ac.cn National Natural Foundation of China [31372210, 31520103903] This research was funded by the National Natural Foundation of China (projects 31372210, 31520103903). We thank the staff at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve for their important help, and Y. H. Li, W. D. Cheng, Y. X. Jiang, J. L. 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Ornithol. OCT 2018 159 4 1019 1029 10.1007/s10336-018-1578-4 11 Ornithology Zoology GQ7RP WOS:000441943700015 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK Jonason, Peter K. Bright lights, big city: The Dark Triad traits and geographical preferences PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Dark Triad; Psychopathy; Narcissism; Machiavellianism; Geography LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DIRTY DOZEN; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; 5-FACTOR MODEL; PSYCHOPATHY; PSYCHOLOGY; STRATEGY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; FOUNDATIONS; EVOLUTION There are many niches people can occupy and some people may fit better in certain niches than others as a function of their personality. Two simple questions were considered presently. Are people characterized by the Dark Triad traits also characterized by a bias towards living in the city and if so as they are, what features of the city-living draw them towards such geographical preferences? Study 1 (N = 753, students) assessed the correlations between population density and size and the Dark Triad traits. Study 2 (N = 270, MTurk) asked participant's where they lived and compared rates of the Dark Triad traits. Study 3 (N = 273, MTurk) assessed where people wish they lived based on location (e.g., city, suburbia) and features of that environment and related that to the Dark Triad traits. Across three studies, there was a tentative-yet-methodologically robust bias of those who are high in the Dark Triad traits-especially psychopathy-towards city life. In Study 3, sex differences in the features people want in where they live and how the Dark Triad traits correlated with the featural preferences were examined and suggested effects consistent with life history theory. Results are discussed using life history and selection-evocation-manipulation paradigms. 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Individ. Differ. OCT 1 2018 132 66 73 10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.024 8 Psychology, Social Psychology GL7LL WOS:000437383100009 2018-11-12 J Mikula, P; Diaz, M; Albrecht, T; Jokimaki, J; Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki, ML; Kroitero, G; Moller, AP; Tryjanowski, P; Yosef, R; Hromada, M Mikula, Peter; Diaz, Mario; Albrecht, Tomas; Jokimaki, Jukka; Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki, Marja-Liisa; Kroitero, Gal; Moller, Anders Pape; Tryjanowski, Piotr; Yosef, Reuven; Hromada, Martin Adjusting risk-taking to the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds SCIENTIFIC REPORTS English Article FLIGHT INITIATION DISTANCE; GROUP-SIZE; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SPRING STOPOVER; PREDATION RISK; SITE FIDELITY; BANC DARGUIN Life-history theory predicts that current behaviour affects future reproduction, implying that animals should optimise their escape strategies to reflect fitness costs and benefits of premature escape. Both costs and benefits of escape may change temporally with important consequences for the evolution of escape strategies. Moreover, escape strategies of species may differ according to their positions on slow-fast pace of life gradients. We studied risk-taking in long-distance migratory animals, waders (Charadriiformes), during the annual cycle, i.e., breeding in Europe, stopover in the Middle East and wintering in tropical Africa. Phylogenetically informed comparative analyses revealed that risk-taking (measured as flight initiation distance, FID) changed significantly over the year, being lowest during breeding and peaking at stopover sites. Similarly, relationships between risk-taking and life-history traits changed among stages of the annual cycle. While risk-taking significantly decreased with increasing body mass during breeding, risk-taking-body mass relationship became marginally significant in winter and disappeared during migration. The positive trend of risk-taking along slow-fast pace of life gradient measured as adult survival was only found during breeding. The season-dependent relationships between risk-taking and life history traits suggest that migrating animals respond to fluctuating environments by adopting behavioural plasticity. [Mikula, Peter; Albrecht, Tomas] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Vinicna 7, Prague 12843 2, Czech Republic; [Diaz, Mario] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, C Serrano 115bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain; [Albrecht, Tomas] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Kvetna 8, Brno 60365, Czech Republic; [Jokimaki, Jukka; Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki, Marja-Liisa] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, POB 122, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland; [Kroitero, Gal; Yosef, Reuven] Rabin High Sch, Yotam St 51, IL-8820301 Elat, Israel; [Moller, Anders Pape] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Ecol Systemat Evolut,AgroParisTech, F-91405 Orsay, France; [Tryjanowski, Piotr] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Inst Zool, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60625 Poznan, Poland; [Yosef, Reuven] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Eilat Campus,POB 272, IL-88000 Elat, Israel; [Hromada, Martin] Univ Presov, Fac Humanities & Nat Sci, Dept Ecol, Lab & Museum Evolutionary Ecol, 17 Novembra 1, Presov 08001, Slovakia; [Hromada, Martin] Univ Zielona Gora, Fac Biol Sci, Prof Z Szafrana 1, PL-65516 Zielona Gora, Poland Hromada, M (reprint author), Univ Presov, Fac Humanities & Nat Sci, Dept Ecol, Lab & Museum Evolutionary Ecol, 17 Novembra 1, Presov 08001, Slovakia.; Hromada, M (reprint author), Univ Zielona Gora, Fac Biol Sci, Prof Z Szafrana 1, PL-65516 Zielona Gora, Poland. hromada.martin@gmail.com Albrecht, Tomas/A-1130-2011 Jokimaki, Jukka/0000-0002-7903-4128; Tryjanowski, Piotr/0000-0002-8358-0797; Albrecht, Tomas/0000-0002-9213-0034; Yosef, Reuven/0000-0003-4331-9866 Czech Science Foundation [14-36098 G]; thematic network REMEDINAL3-CM [S2013/MAE-2719]; [OPV ITMS26110230119]; [VEGA 1/0977/16] PM and MH are very thankful to Gabriel Saffa for assistance during fieldwork in Kenya, and to Radoslav Smolak, Miroslava Klimovicova and Jozef Obona for support during a field trip. 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[Bieber, Claudia; Ruf, Thomas] Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Savoyenstr 1, A-1160 Vienna, Austria; [Bieber, Claudia; Turbill, Christopher] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia Bieber, C (reprint author), Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, Dept Integrat Biol & Evolut, Savoyenstr 1, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.; Bieber, C (reprint author), Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. claudia.bieber@vetmeduni.ac.at city of Vienna; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20534-B17] We thank P. Steiger for his help with data collection, as well as him and M. Salaba for taking care of the dormice. This project was supported by the city of Vienna, and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project P20534-B17). We thank R. Hengsberger for her help with formatting the manuscript. 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Variation in the social organization of gorillas: Life history and socioecological perspectives EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY English Review dispersal; infanticide; male; male philopatry; multimale groups; relatedness WESTERN LOWLAND GORILLAS; FEMALE MOUNTAIN GORILLAS; IMPENETRABLE-NATIONAL-PARK; CROSS RIVER GORILLA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; BERINGEI-BERINGEI; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INTERGROUP ENCOUNTERS; MULTIMALE GROUPS; HABITAT USE A focus of socioecological research is to understand how ecological, social, and life history factors influence the variability of social organization within and between species. The genus Gorilla exhibits variability in social organization with western gorilla groups being almost exclusively one-male, yet approximately 40% of mountain gorilla groups are multimale. We review five ultimate causes for the variability in social organization within and among gorilla populations: human disturbance, ecological constraints on group size, risk of infanticide, life history patterns, and population density. We find the most evidence for the ecological constraints and life history hypotheses, but an over-riding explanation remains elusive. The variability may hinge on variation in female dispersal patterns, as females seek a group of optimal size and with a good protector male. Our review illustrates the challenges of understanding why the social organization of closely related species may deviate from predictions based on socioecological and life history theory. 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Anthropol. SEP-OCT 2018 27 5 218 233 10.1002/evan.21721 16 Anthropology Anthropology GY3UJ WOS:000448480900005 30325554 2018-11-12 J Fokkema, RW; Ubels, R; Both, C; de Felici, L; Tinbergen, JM Fokkema, Rienk W.; Ubels, Richard; Both, Christiaan; de Felici, Livia; Tinbergen, Joost M. Reproductive effort and future parental competitive ability: A nest box removal experiment ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article brood size manipulation; carry-over effects; intraspecific competition; life history theory; social environment TIT PARUS-MAJOR; GATHERING PUBLIC INFORMATION; BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; BROOD SIZE MANIPULATION; MALE EASTERN BLUEBIRDS; OPTIMAL CLUTCH SIZE; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; GREAT TIT; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE The life history trade-off between current and future reproduction is a theoretically well-established concept. However, empirical evidence for the occurrence of a fitness cost of reproduction is mixed. Evidence indicates that parents only pay a cost of reproduction when local competition is high. In line with this, recent experimental work on a small passerine bird, the Great tit (Parus major) showed that reproductive effort negatively affected the competitive ability of parents, estimated through competition for high quality breeding sites in spring. In the current study, we further investigate the negative causal relationship between reproductive effort and future parental competitive ability, with the aim to quantify the consequences for parental fitness, when breeding sites are scarce. To this end, we (a) manipulated the family size of Great tit parents and (b) induced severe competition for nest boxes among the parents just before the following breeding season by means of a large-scale nest box removal experiment. Parents increased their feeding effort in response to our family size manipulation and we successfully induced competition among the parents the following spring. Against our expectation, we found no effect of last season's family size on the ability of parents to secure a scarce nest box for breeding. In previous years, if detected, the survival cost of reproduction was always paid after midwinter. In this year, parents did pay a survival cost of reproduction before midwinter and thus before the onset of the experiment in early spring. Winter food availability during our study year was exceptionally low, and thus, competition in early winter may have been extraordinarily high. We hypothesize that differences in parental competitive ability due to their previous reproductive effort might have played a role, but before the onset of our experiment and resulted in the payment of the survival cost of reproduction. [Fokkema, Rienk W.; Ubels, Richard; Both, Christiaan; de Felici, Livia; Tinbergen, Joost M.] Univ Groningen, Conservat Ecol Grp, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, Groningen, Netherlands; [Fokkema, Rienk W.] Bielefeld Univ, Evolutionary Biol, Bielefeld, Germany; [Fokkema, Rienk W.] Bielefeld Univ, Dept Anim Behav, Bielefeld, Germany Fokkema, RW (reprint author), Bielefeld Univ, Evolutionary Biol, Bielefeld, Germany. rienkfokkema@gmail.com Fokkema, Rienk/0000-0002-8238-5308 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [82201011] Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: 82201011 ALATALO RV, 1984, J ANIM ECOL, V53, P969, DOI 10.2307/4671; Alonso-Alvarez C, 2012, EVOLUTION OF PARENTAL CARE, P40; Andreu J, 2006, ARDEA, V94, P45; Barnes AI, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P199, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2122; Bates D, 2015, J STAT SOFTW, V67, P1; Billing AM, 2007, BEHAV ECOL, V18, P535, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm007; Bonenfant C, 2009, ADV ECOL RES, V41, P313, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(09)00405-X; Bonneaud C, 2004, EVOLUTION, V58, P2823, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01633.x; Both C, 1999, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V266, P465, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1999.0660; Both C, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3391, DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[3391:ADDOAC]2.0.CO;2; CLARK CW, 1994, BEHAV ECOL, V5, P159, DOI 10.1093/beheco/5.2.159; Cockle KL, 2010, BIOL CONSERV, V143, P2851, DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.08.002; Creighton JC, 2009, AM NAT, V174, P673, DOI 10.1086/605963; de Jong ME, 2014, J AVIAN BIOL, V45, P179, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2013.00199.x; DHONDT AA, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P643, DOI 10.2307/5619; Dhondt AA, 1999, OSTRICH, V70, P39, DOI 10.1080/00306525.1999.9639748; DIJKSTRA C, 1990, J ANIM ECOL, V59, P269, DOI 10.2307/5172; Doligez B, 2003, ANIM BEHAV, V66, P973, DOI 10.1006/anbe.2002.2270; Doligez B, 2004, ANIM BEHAV, V67, P457, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.03.010; DRENT PJ, 1987, ARDEA, V75, P59; Festa-Bianchet M, 1998, AM NAT, V152, P367, DOI 10.1086/286175; Fokkema RW, 2018, AUK, V135, P919, DOI 10.1642/AUK-17-182.1; Fokkema RW, 2017, ECOL EVOL, V7, P1410, DOI 10.1002/ece3.2752; Fokkema RW, 2016, BEHAV ECOL, V27, P1656, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arw097; Fontaine JJ, 2006, ECOL LETT, V9, P428, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00892.x; Golet GH, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P827, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1998.00233.x; Hamel S, 2010, ECOL LETT, V13, P915, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01478.x; HARVEY PH, 1979, J ANIM ECOL, V48, P305, DOI 10.2307/4115; Kluijver HN, 1951, ARDEA, V39, P1; Koskela E, 1999, J ANIM ECOL, V68, P513, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00308.x; Lessells C.M., 1991, P32; LINDEN M, 1989, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V4, P367, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90101-8; Lohmus A, 2005, ACTA OECOL, V27, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.actao.2004.11.001; Lohrl H., 1977, DIE VOGELWARTE, P92; MAGNHAGEN C, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P183, DOI 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90210-O; Martin TE, 2000, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V267, P2287, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2000.1281; Maziarz M, 2015, J ORNITHOL, V156, P613, DOI 10.1007/s10336-015-1169-6; Mesterton-Gibbons M, 2004, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V271, P971, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2670; MORRIS DW, 1989, EVOL ECOL, V3, P80, DOI 10.1007/BF02147934; NEWTON I, 1994, BIOL CONSERV, V70, P265, DOI 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90172-4; Newton I., 1998, POPULATION LIMITATIO, P597; Nicolaus M, 2013, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V26, P2031, DOI 10.1111/jeb.12210; Nicolaus M, 2012, J ANIM ECOL, V81, P564, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01933.x; Nicolaus M, 2009, J ANIM ECOL, V78, P414, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01505.x; Oksanen TA, 2007, EVOLUTION, V61, P2822, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00245.x; PACKER C, 1995, AM NAT, V145, P833, DOI 10.1086/285771; Parejo D, 2006, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V60, P184, DOI 10.1007/s00265-005-0155-z; Part T, 2003, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V270, P1809, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2419; PERRINS CM, 1965, J ANIM ECOL, V34, P601, DOI 10.2307/2453; R Core Team, 2016, R LANG ENV STAT COMP; Robles H, 2011, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V261, P1428, DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.029; Roff D. 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Evol. SEP 2018 8 17 8865 8879 10.1002/ece3.4342 15 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GU8QR WOS:000445606000019 30271551 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Williams, TD Williams, Tony D. Physiology, activity and costs of parental care in birds JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY English Article Parental care; Costs of reproduction; Activity; Foraging; Physiological costs; Flight STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; GREAT TIT; BROOD SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; FORAGING DECISIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SHORT FLIGHTS; CLUTCH SIZE Parental care is assumed to be costly in that it requires sustained, high-intensity activity sufficient to cause costs of reproduction (decreased survival and future fecundity of parents). Costs of reproduction are, in turn, thought to have a physiological basis where intense activity causes a decrease in parental condition. However, attempts to identify the physiological basis of costs of reproduction have produced mixed results. Here, I argue that in birds, the central idea that parental care represents sustained, high-intensity work might be incorrect. Specifically: (a) the duration of intense activity associated with chick-rearing might be quite limited; (b) flight, the most obvious sustained, high-intensity activity, might only represent a small component of an individual's overall activity budget; (c) some (high-quality) individuals might be able to tolerate costs of intense activity, either owing to their physiological state or because they have access to more resources, without perturbation of physiological homeostasis; and (d) individuals might utilise other mechanisms to modulate costs of activity, for example, mass loss, again avoiding more substantial physiological costs. Furthermore, I highlight the important fact that life-history theory predicts that reproductive trade-offs should only be expected under food stress. Most birds breed in spring and early summer precisely because of seasonal increases in food abundance, and so it is unclear how often parents are food stressed. Consequently, I argue that there are many reasons why costs of reproduction, and any physiological signature of these costs, might be quite rare, both temporally (in different years) and among individuals. [Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada Williams, TD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. tdwillia@sfu.ca Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [155395-2012, 429387-2012] This research work was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery (155395-2012) and Accelerator (429387-2012) grants to T.D.W. 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Exp. Biol. SEP 2018 221 17 UNSP jeb169433 10.1242/jeb.169433 8 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GT7LF WOS:000444708600002 30201656 2018-11-12 J Larios, E; Venable, DL Larios, Eugenio; Venable, David Lawrence Selection for seed size: The unexpected effects of water availability and density FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article density; intraspecific competition; natural selection in the wild; selection on seed size; water availability COMPETITIVE ABILITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; EVOLUTIONARY GAME; WILD RADISH; TRADE-OFF; EGG SIZE; CONSEQUENCES; SURVIVAL; FITNESS; TRAITS 1. Seed size is a functional trait with important fitness consequences that potentially extend throughout the life cycle of plants. Dithyrea californica experiences selection for larger seeds in postgermination stages but it is still uncertain how environmental factors mediate the strength and the direction of natural selection on seed size. 2. Dithyrea californica represents a unique opportunity to investigate selection on seed size in natural conditions due to a persistent seed ring that stays attached to the root throughout the plant's life. This makes it possible to unearth plants at any stage and measure the size of the seed from which they originated. 3. We conducted a factorial experiment manipulating water availability and intraspecific competition using plants that naturally germinated in the wild. 4. Selection on seed size via survivorship was nil because all individuals survived to reproduce. The strength and the direction of selection on seed size via fecundity depended on water availability and conspecific density. 5. Contrary to our predictions, increasing conspecific density relaxed directional selection favouring larger seeds, but only in the wettest conditions and an increase in water availability strengthened it, but only at low density. A possible explanation of these counter-intuitive results relies on the observed absence of survival selection and increased plant growth rates under high water and low density. 6. Larger seeds require more resources to construct, and when this cost is taken into account, there is no overall fitness increase with seed size. This nicely follows the life-history theory predictions for optimal seed size. At the evolutionary equilibrium, if seeds could be larger, per seed fitness would still increase, which is what we observed, but cost-corrected fitness should be flat. Maternal fitness equals per seed fitness times seed number, so any increase to per seed fitness of making a bigger seed is balanced by the resulting cost to seed number. Our results indicate flat cost-corrected fitness of seed size as theory predicts. [Larios, Eugenio; Venable, David Lawrence] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA Larios, E (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. elariosc@iecologia.unam.mx Larios, Eugenio/0000-0003-4501-4652 Directorate for Biological Sciences; Garden Club of America; Community Foundation; University of Arizona; NSF [DEB 0817121, 1256792] Directorate for Biological Sciences; The Garden Club of America; The Community Foundation; The University of Arizona; NSF, Grant/Award Number: DEB 0817121 and 1256792 ANTONOVICS J, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V69, P277, DOI 10.1007/BF00377634; BAKER HG, 1972, ECOLOGY, V53, P997, DOI 10.2307/1935413; BIERE A, 1991, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V4, P447, DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1991.4030447.x; BLACK J. 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SEP 2018 32 9 2216 2224 10.1111/1365-2435.13138 9 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology GS3XJ WOS:000443560300011 2018-11-12 J Ramos, R; Llabres, V; Monclus, L; Lopez-Bejar, M; Gonzalez-Solis, J Ramos, Rauel; Llabres, Victoria; Monclus, Laura; Lopez-Bejar, Manel; Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob Costs of breeding are rapidly buffered and do not affect migratory behavior in a long-lived bird species ECOLOGY English Article breeding failure; carryover effects; Cory's shearwater; feather corticosterone; long-distance migrants; molting strategy; oceanic migrations; seasonal interactions; stable isotope analysis CURRENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TRANS-EQUATORIAL MIGRATION; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKE; FEATHER CORTICOSTERONE; PELAGIC SEABIRD; MOLT STRATEGIES; ANNUAL CYCLE; SEASONAL INTERACTIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WINTER DISTRIBUTION Life history theory states that individual fitness in one stage of life is conditioned by what occurred in previous stages. In migratory species, reproductive effort during breeding has often been found to influence body condition, molt schedule, self-provisioning and migration of individuals in subsequent seasons (i.e., carryover effects of breeding). However, there is a current uncertainty in understanding how long-distance migrants trade off among such energy-demanding activities (i.e., breeding, molting and migrating). To provide evidence to the field, we experimentally reduced the parental effort of a long-lived Procellariform, the Cory's shearwater (Calonectris borealis), by inducing failure at the incubation stage. Treatment and control birds were tracked during their subsequent migration by means of light-level and immersion loggers and sampled for six specific feathers (molted at different periods along the migratory cycle) upon the recovery of the loggers 1 yr later. Feathers were used to perform stable isotope analysis (SIA) and determine corticosterone levels (CORT). By these means, we evaluated the effect of breeding effort on migratory strategy, at-sea activity patterns, molt patterns, and levels of stress experienced by birds along the non-breeding period. We did not detect any difference between birds in the induced failure group and successful breeders in terms of spatio-temporal distribution: all birds shared common foraging areas throughout the study period and the timing of major phenological events did not differ. Failed birds significantly advanced their molt, as revealed by SIA and flying activity patterns. The stress levels of failed birds, inferred through CORT concentrations in feathers, were found to be consistently lower than in successful breeders, through the end of the breeding to the non-breeding period. Thus, we provide robust evidence that the costs of reproduction can be physiologically mediated from the breeding to the non-breeding period through molting schedules and CORT levels. However, we failed to detect clear effects on migratory behavior or subsequent breeding success, suggesting that costs of breeding in long-lived species may be rapidly buffered during the post-breeding period, as would be expected from life history theory. [Ramos, Rauel; Llabres, Victoria; Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IRBio, Dept Evolutionary Biol Ecol & Environm Sci BEECA, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; [Monclus, Laura; Lopez-Bejar, Manel] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Dept Anim Hlth & Anat, Bellaterra 08193, Spain Ramos, R (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IRBio, Dept Evolutionary Biol Ecol & Environm Sci BEECA, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain. ramos@ub.edu Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob/C-3942-2008 Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob/0000-0002-8691-9397; Ramos, Raul/0000-0002-0551-8605 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MINECO); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad; Fondos FEDER [CGL2009-11278/BOS, CGL2013-42585-P]; European Union (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG) [618841]; Beatriu de Pinos We thank Consejeria de Medio Ambiente del Cabildo de Gran Canaria for permission to conduct the experiments. We also thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MINECO) and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and Fondos FEDER (CGL2009-11278/BOS and CGL2013-42585-P) and the European Union (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG, 618841) for funding this research, and Jose Manuel de los Reyes, Zuzana Zajkova, Pascual Calabuig and Teresa Militao for help at various stages of the work. RR was supported by postdoctoral contracts of the Beatriu de Pinos and Juan de la Cierva programs, from the Catalan AGAUR agency (2010-BPA-00173) and the Spanish MINECO (JCI-2012-11848), respectively. 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Coalitional Physical Competition Acute Salivary Steroid Hormone Responses among Juvenile Male Soccer Players in Hong Kong HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Life history theory; Middle childhood; Competition; DHEA; Androstenedione; Testosterone HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; CHINESE CHILDREN; REFERENCE VALUES; TESTOSTERONE; CORTISOL; ADRENARCHE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; DHEA; MECHANISMS A large body of research links testosterone and cortisol to male-male competition. Yet, little work has explored acute steroid hormone responses to coalitional, physical competition during middle childhood. Here, we investigate testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and cortisol release among ethnically Chinese boys in Hong Kong (N = 102), aged 8-11 years, during a soccer match (n = 84) and an intrasquad soccer scrimmage (n = 81), with 63 participants competing in both treatments. The soccer match and intrasquad soccer scrimmage represented out-group and in-group treatments, respectively. Results revealed that testosterone showed no measurable change. DHEA increased during both treatments in the majority of participants and the degree of change had no relation to independent variables (e.g., performance, age, treatment, outcome) or covariate measures (Body Mass Index, Pubertal Development Scale). Most boys experienced androstenedione increases during match play, but no significant differences during the intrasquad soccer scrimmage competitions. The magnitude of change differed significantly between treatments and was positively associated with age. These latter findings suggest boys' androstenedione responses may be sensitive to competitor type (i.e., unknown competitors vs. peers). For most subjects, cortisol significantly increased during match play, decreased during the intrasquad soccer scrimmage, and differed significantly between treatments, suggesting each treatment promoted a different psychological state among competitors. Cortisol/DHEA molar ratio decreased during the intrasquad scrimmage, suggestive of a more relaxed mental state. These data shed new light on potential proximate mechanisms associated with coalitional competition among prepubescent boys, with relevance to adrenarche and life history theory. 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Developmental and social constraints on early reproduction in an asocial ground squirrel JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY English Article age at first reproduction; Callospermophilus lateralis; golden-mantled ground squirrel; life-history theory; primiparity; reproductive inhibition; asocial; reproductive competition LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; YELLOW-BELLIED MARMOTS; SPERMOPHILUS-LATERALIS; FEMALE REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL-MATURATION; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; HOUSE MICE; POPULATION; MAMMALS; CONSEQUENCES For short-lived species, selection for early reproduction should be strong, yet females often delay their first reproductive bout. Delay in age of first reproduction due to developmental constraints, such as food availability, or social constraints, such as the inhibitory presence of breeding adults, has been documented for social mammals, but effects on asocial species are less well known. We evaluated the influence of developmental and social factors on early reproduction in a short-lived, asocial species, the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis). We found that females who reproduced as yearlings had been weaned earlier in their natal summer and experienced early snow melt during their yearling spring, suggesting the importance of access to high-quality food at critical stages. Females were more likely to reproduce as yearlings when there were more adult males present during the breeding season, possibly because exposure to males accelerates reproductive maturity. Maternal presence had no effect on yearling reproduction, but yearlings with a littermate sister present were only 22% as likely to reproduce as females without a sister present, suggesting the effect of sibling competition well past weaning. Furthermore, the negative effect of a sister's presence, but not the presence of other females, suggests that relatedness affects reproductive competition in this asocial species. [Wells, C. P.; Van Vuren, D. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Wells, C. P.; Van Vuren, D. H.] Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO USA Wells, CP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. cpwells@ucdavis.edu California Agricultural Experiment Station; Jastro-Shields Fellowship (UC Davis); Graduate Group in Ecology Fellowship (UC Davis) This study was supported by the California Agricultural Experiment Station, the Jastro-Shields Fellowship (UC Davis), and the Graduate Group in Ecology Fellowship (UC Davis). We thank J. Reithel and the Rocky Mountain Biology Laboratory for logistical support; G. Aldridge, K. Sahyouni, C. Floyd, K. Jenderseck and C. 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Exploring the links between early life and young adulthood social experiences and men's later life psychobiology as fathers PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR English Article Testosterone; Acute reactivity; Life history theory; Fatherhood; Developmental plasticity SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE; HISTORY STRATEGY; PREDICTS AGE; SEXUAL DEBUT; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; RISK; RESPONSES; MALES; MODEL Early life cues of environmental harshness and unpredictability have been hypothesized to influence within species variation in the timing of life history transitions and the dynamics of reproductive strategies, such as investments in mating and parenting. It is also believed that adolesence is an influential developmental period for male reproductive strategies, with those who achieve greater social and sexual success during that period maintaining faster life history strategies into adulthood. If correct, such early life and post-pubertal experiences could also help shape the psychobiological pathways that mediate reproductive strategies, including the well documented physiological shifts that occur when some men become parents. Drawing on a large sample of Filipino men (n = 417), we evaluate whether men who experienced cues of harshness or unpredictability in childhood or have earlier ages at sexual debut have elevated testosterone (T) as fathers. We also test whether males who experienced a combination of early life experiences of harshness or unpredictability and had earlier ages of sexual debut during adolescence had the most elevated T as fathers. We found that fathers who experienced early life harshness and who engaged in sex at an earlier age had elevated waking T. Among men transitioning to fatherhood across the 4.5-year follow-up period of this study, those who experienced unpredictability and who engaged in sex at an earlier age showed attenuated declines in waking T between baseline and follow-up. Complementing these findings, we found that fathers who first engaged in sex at later ages had greater acute declines in T when they played with their toddlers. We suggest that these patterns could reflect programming effects of sociosexual experiences during the years following the marked biological transitions that accompany puberty, which occur along with the better-studied effects of earlier life exposures to stressors. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that early life circumstances and social and sexual experiences, from early life to young adulthood, help calibrate physiological axes as key mechanisms coordinating dynamic life history strategies. [Sarma, Mallika S.; Kuo, Patty X.; Gettler, Lee T.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, 244 Corbett Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Bechayda, Sonny Agustin] Univ San Carlos, USC Off Populat Studies Fdn, Metro Cebu, Philippines; [Bechayda, Sonny Agustin] Univ San Carlos, Dept Anthropol Sociol & Hist, Metro Cebu, Philippines; [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Policy Res, Evanston, IL USA; [Gettler, Lee T.] Univ Notre Dame, Eck Inst Global Hlth, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Gettler, LT (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, 244 Corbett Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. lgettler@nd.edu Wenner Gren Foundation [7356, 8186]; National Science Foundation [BCS-0542182, BCS-0962212]; Interdisciplinary Obesity Center [RR20649]; Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility [ES10126, 7-2004-E]; Wenner-Gren Foundation; National Science Foundation Work supported by: Wenner Gren Foundation (Gr. 7356; Gr. 8186), National Science Foundation (BCS-0542182; BCS-0962212), The Interdisciplinary Obesity Center (RR20649), and The Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility (ES10126; project 7-2004-E). LTG was supported by the Wenner-Gren Foundation's Hunt Postdoctoral Writing Fellowship, and MSS was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The funding sources played no role in the conduct of the research or the preparation of this article. 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Ejaculates are especially costly in species where males invest in offspring quality through nutrient-rich spermatophores or other seminal nuptial gifts. However, recent evidence shows that, in species where males do not provision females or offspring, males can still influence offspring development through paternal effects mediated by epigenetic factors, such as non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Because such epigenetic paternal effects do not involve the transfer of substantial quantities of resources, such as nutrients, the costs of conferring such effects have not been considered. Here we argue that if selection favours paternal investment in offspring quality through epigenetic factors, then the epigenetic machinery required to bring about such effects may also be expected to evolve strongly condition-dependent expression. 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Lack of partner impacts newborn health through maternal depression: A pilot study of low-income immigrant Latina women MIDWIFERY English Article Depression; Infant health; Latinos; Life history theory; Planned pregnancy; Relationship status BIRTH-WEIGHT; LIFE-HISTORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ADAPTIVE CALIBRATION; PUBERTAL MATURATION; WORKING-CONDITIONS; PRETERM BIRTH; STRESS; PREGNANCY; RISK Introduction: Latina women have a high burden of depression and other mental health issues, particularly in the perinatal period. Suboptimal maternal mental health can have adverse developmental and physiological impacts on child growth. The present study examines the impact of unplanned pregnancy and pregnancy relationship status on prenatal maternal depression in a sample of low-income Latina women. We hypothesized that the association between these prenatal stressors and newborn health would be mediated through prenatal depression. Method: The present study included a sample 201 Latina mothers and their children recruited from prenatal clinics during their second or third trimesters. Depression symptomology, relationship status were collected prenatally. At birth, several indices of newborn health were examined, including head circumference percentile and birthweight. Finally, planned pregnancy status was retrospectively collected when the child was between 1 and 2 years old. Results: Structural equation modelling revealed that single women, compared to partnered women, had higher levels of depression. Higher levels of depression, in turn, predicted poorer newborn health. Unplanned pregnancy was not significantly associated with newborn health. Discussion: These results suggest that relationship status may be an important screening question for medical examiners to ask to pregnant Latina women during prenatal visits. These results are consistent with past research investigating the effects of maternal mental health on adverse birth outcomes that propose that stressful early environments shape developmental trajectories. [de Baca, Tomas Cabeza] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, 400 Parnassus Ave,Room AC-16,Box 0369, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Wojcicki, Janet M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Dept Pediat, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA; [Epel, Elissa S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Adler, Nancy E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Hlth & Community, San Francisco, CA USA de Baca, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, 400 Parnassus Ave,Room AC-16,Box 0369, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.; Wojcicki, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Dept Pediat, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. tomas.cabezadebaca@ucsf.edu; Janet.Wojcicki@ucsf.edu Cabeza de Baca, Tomas/0000-0003-3322-2163 National Institute of Health [T32MH019391]; Hellman Family Foundation; Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation (CDHF); NIH [DK060617, DK080825]; NIH/NCRR UCSF-CTSI Grant [UL1 RR024131] This work was supported by the National Institute of Health grant T32MH019391 to the first author. 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Global environmental drivers of marine fish egg size GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY English Article geometric biology; life history; maternal effects; ocean warming; predictability; trait biogeography SPATIAL VARIATION; LIFE-HISTORIES; OFFSPRING SIZE; BODY-SIZE; PREDICTABILITY; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; NUMBER Aim: To test long-standing theory on the role of environmental conditions (both mean and predictability) in shaping global patterns in the egg sizes of marine fishes. Location: Global (50 degrees S to 50 degrees N). Time period: 1880 to 2015. Major taxa studied: Marine fish. Methods: We compiled the largest geo-located dataset of marine fish egg size (diameter) to date (n=1,078 observations; 192 studies; 288 species; 242 localities). We decomposed sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a time series into mean and predictability (seasonality and colour of environmental noise - i.e. how predictable the environment is between consecutive time steps), and used these as predictors of egg size in a Bayesian phylogenetic hierarchical model. We test four specific hypotheses based on the classic discussion by Rass (1941), as well as contemporary life-history theory, and the conceptual model of Winemiller and Rose (1992). Results: Both environmental mean and predictability correlated with egg size. Our parsimonious model indicated that egg size decreases by c. 2.0-fold moving from 1 to 30 degrees C. Environments that were more seasonal with respect to temperature were associated with larger eggs. Increasing mean chlorophyll-a, from 0.1 to 1 mg/m(3), was associated with a c. 1.3-fold decrease in egg size. 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AUG 2018 27 8 890 898 10.1111/geb.12748 9 Ecology; Geography, Physical Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GR4LV WOS:000442582200001 2018-11-12 J King, RB; Stanford, KM; Jones, PC King, Richard B.; Stanford, Kristin M.; Jones, Peter C. Sunning themselves in heaps, knots, and snarls: The extraordinary abundance and demography of island watersnakes ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article body size; capture-mark-recapture; life history; population estimation; process variance; realized population growth; survival; vital rates SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; AUSTRALIAN ELAPID SNAKES; LAKE-ERIE WATERSNAKE; EUROPEAN WHIP SNAKES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NERODIA-SIPEDON; REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY; NATRIX-NATRIX Snakes represent a sizable fraction of vertebrate biodiversity, but until recently, data on their demography have been sparse. Consequently, generalizations regarding patterns of variation are weak and the potential for population projections is limited. We address this information gap through an analysis of spatial and temporal variation in demography (population size, annual survival, and realized population growth) of the Lake Erie Watersnake, Nerodia sipedon insularum, and a review of snake survival more generally. Our study spans a period during which the Lake Erie Watersnake was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, recovered, and was delisted. We collected capture-mark-recapture data at 14 study sites over 20years, accruing 20,000 captures of 13,800 individually marked adults. Lake Erie Watersnakes achieve extraordinary abundance, averaging 520adults per km of shoreline (ca. 260adult per ha) at our study sites (range=160-1,600adults per km; ca. 80-800adults per ha) and surpassing population recovery and postdelisting monitoring criteria. Annual survival averages 0.68 among adult females and 0.76 among adult males, varies among sites, and is positively correlated with body size among study sites. Temporal process variance in annual survival is low, averaging 0.0011 or less than 4% of total variance; thus, stochasticity in annual survival may be of minor significance to snake extinction risk. Estimates of realized population growth indicate that population size has been stable or increasing over the course of our study. More generally, snake annual survival overlaps broadly across continents, climate zones, families, subfamilies, reproductive modes, body size categories, maturation categories, and parity categories. Differences in survival in relation to size, parity, and maturation are in the directions predicted by life history theory but are of small magnitude with much variation around median values. Overall, annual survival appears to be quite plastic, varying with food availability, habitat quality, and other ecological variables. [King, Richard B.; Jones, Peter C.] Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA; [King, Richard B.] Northern Illinois Univ, Inst Study Environm Sustainabil & Energy, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA; [Stanford, Kristin M.] Ohio State Univ, FT Stone Lab, Put In Bay, OH USA King, RB (reprint author), Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. rbking@niu.edu U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ohio Department of Natural Resources; Toledo Zoo; Columbus Zoo and Aquarium; Northern Illinois University; Ohio State University F. T. Stone Laboratory U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ohio Department of Natural Resources; Toledo Zoo; Columbus Zoo and Aquarium; Northern Illinois University; Ohio State University F. T. Stone Laboratory Ajtic R, 2013, ZOOL ANZ, V252, P350, DOI 10.1016/j.jcz.2012.10.001; Akcakaya H. 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Evol. AUG 2018 8 15 7500 7521 10.1002/ece3.4191 22 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GR3LQ WOS:000442492100021 30151166 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Oldakowski, L; Taylor, JRE Oldakowski, Lukasz; Taylor, Jan R. E. Oxidative damage and antioxidant defense are assay and tissue-dependent both in captive and wild-caught bank voles (Myodes glareolus) before and after reproduction ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article antioxidative defense; bank vole; costs of reproduction; Myodes glareolus; oxidative damage; oxidative stress HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; STRESS; MICE; COSTS; POPULATION; MECHANISMS; PHYSIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; ANIMALS; TRAITS Reproduction is costly and life-history theory predicts that current parental investment will result in lower survival or decreased future reproduction. The physiological mechanisms mediating the link between reproduction and survival are still under debate and elevated oxidative damage during reproduction has been proposed as a plausible candidate. Previous studies of oxidative stress during reproduction in animals under natural conditions have been restricted to analyses of blood. Herein, we measured the level of oxidative damage to lipids (tiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances) and proteins (carbonyls) in the liver, kidneys, heart and skeletal muscles in free-living bank vole females from spring and autumn generations, before and after reproduction. Antioxidant defense in the liver and kidneys was also determined. We expected oxidative damage to tissues and hypothesized that the damage would be more uniform between tissues in wild animals compared to those breeding under laboratory conditions. Considering all combinations of markers/tissues/generations, oxidative damage in females did not differ before and after reproduction in 12 comparisons, was lower after reproduction in three comparisons, and was higher after breeding in one comparison. The total glutathione was significantly increased after reproduction only in the liver of the autumn generation and there was no change in catalase activity. Our results confirmfor the first time in the fieldprevious observations from laboratory studies that there is no simple link between oxidative stress and reproduction and that patterns depend on the tissue and marker being studied. Overall, however, our study does not support the hypothesis that the cost of reproduction in bank voles is mediated by oxidative stress in these tissues. [Oldakowski, Lukasz; Taylor, Jan R. 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AUG 2018 8 15 7543 7552 10.1002/ece3.4187 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GR3LQ WOS:000442492100024 30151169 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Hein, N; Brendel, MR; Feilhauer, H; Finch, OD; Loffler, J Hein, Nils; Brendel, Marco R.; Feilhauer, Hannes; Finch, Oliver-D.; Loeffler, Joerg Egg size versus egg number trade-off in the alpine-tundra wolf spider, Pardosa palustris (Araneae: Lycosidae) POLAR BIOLOGY English Article Offspring; Elevation; Trade-off; Temperature rise; Norway YELLOW DUNG FLY; BODY-SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; OFFSPRING SIZE; BERGMANNS RULE; FOOD-ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; INSECTS The effect of environmental conditions on reproductive traits in spiders is not completely understood. We studied the trade-off between the egg number and egg size of a common spider species along an elevational gradient in Norway. Life history theory predicts that egg size should decrease and clutch size increase as temperatures rise. In 2006, 2010, and 2014, female lycosid spiders (Pardosa palustris) carrying first egg sacs were hand sampled from 690 to 1460 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The eggs were counted, and the body and egg sizes for each female were individually estimated using digital photography. An analysis of covariance was performed using linear mixed-effects models to test for trade-off differences between sampling years, and along the elevational gradient. Unexpectedly, the egg size versus number trade-off was consistent along the elevational gradient, and thus appeared to be independent of elevation-induced temperature changes. However, this trade-off varied considerably between years. Egg-size variations in relation to body size appeared to be independent of year and did not vary along the elevational gradient. Our results revealed that the trade-off between egg number and egg size does not always hold and might be more plastic than assumed. This suggests that P. palustris, which has a broad habitat niche and a wide geographic distribution, will easily cope with temperature-regime shifts in cold environments. Consequently, this might lead to advantages regarding the offspring survival rate relative to coexisting species, and thus to changes in the terrestrial arthropod community of alpine-tundra ecosystems. [Hein, Nils; Loeffler, Joerg] Univ Bonn, Dept Geog, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; [Brendel, Marco R.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Landscape & Plant Ecol, August von Hartmann Str 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; [Feilhauer, Hannes] FAU Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geog, Wetterkreuz 15, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Hein, N (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Dept Geog, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. nhein@uni-bonn.de DAAD; Color Line AS, Oslo We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers and the guest editor for their many helpful comments, which significantly improved our manuscript. Nils Hein received funding by the DAAD during fieldwork in 2010. The study also received financial support from Color Line AS, Oslo. 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AUG 2018 41 8 SI 1607 1617 10.1007/s00300-018-2301-x 11 Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GQ2UP WOS:000441514400008 2018-11-12 J Gaydosh, L; Belsky, DW; Domingue, BW; Boardman, JD; Harris, KM Gaydosh, Lauren; Belsky, Daniel W.; Domingue, Benjamin W.; Boardman, Jason D.; Harris, Kathleen Mullan Father Absence and Accelerated Reproductive Development in Non-Hispanic White Women in the United States DEMOGRAPHY English Article Father absence; Reproductive timing; Genetics; Add Health GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ADOLESCENT SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; EARLY FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; GENETIC RISK SCORE; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; PUBERTAL MATURATION; ADULT HEALTH Girls who experience father absence in childhood also experience accelerated reproductive development in comparison with peers with present fathers. One hypothesis advanced to explain this empirical pattern is genetic confounding, wherein gene-environment correlation (rGE) causes a spurious relationship between father absence and reproductive timing. We test this hypothesis by constructing polygenic scores for age at menarche and first birth using recently available genome-wide association study results and molecular genetic data on a sample of non-Hispanic white females from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We find that young women's accelerated menarche polygenic scores are unrelated to their exposure to father absence. In contrast, polygenic scores for earlier age at first birth tend to be higher in young women raised in homes with absent fathers. Nevertheless, father absence and the polygenic scores independently and additively predict reproductive timing. We find no evidence in support of the rGE hypothesis for accelerated menarche and only limited evidence in support of the rGE hypothesis for earlier age at first birth. [Gaydosh, Lauren] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med Hlth & Soc, 300 Calhoun Hall,PMB 351665,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA; [Belsky, Daniel W.] Duke Univ, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA; [Belsky, Daniel W.] Duke Univ, Populat Res Inst, Durham, NC USA; [Domingue, Benjamin W.] Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Boardman, Jason D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Sociol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Boardman, Jason D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Harris, Kathleen Mullan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Sociol, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA Gaydosh, L (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med Hlth & Soc, 300 Calhoun Hall,PMB 351665,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. lauren.m.gaydosh@vanderbilt.edu Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01 HD073342, R01 HD060726]; NICHD [P01-HD31921, P2C-HD050924, F32 HD084117]; NIA [R01 AG032282, P30 AG028716] This research benefitted from GWAS results made publicly available by the ReproGen Consoritum, Sociogenome, and the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium. This research uses Add Health GWAS data funded by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Grants R01 HD073342 to Kathleen Mullan Harris and R01 HD060726 to Kathleen Mullan Harris, Jason D. Boardman, and Matthew B. McQueen. This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by Grant P01-HD31921 from the NICHD, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. This research was supported in part by NICHD P2C-HD050924. Lauren Gaydosh was supported by NICHD F32 HD084117. Daniel W. Belsky is an Early Career Fellow of the Jacobs Foundation and is supported by NIA Grants R01 AG032282 and P30 AG028716. 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Retrospective time travel in life satisfaction judgment: A life history approach PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Life satisfaction; Retrospection; Life history theory EVENTS; UNPREDICTABILITY; ENVIRONMENTS; ADAPTATION; STRATEGIES; HAPPINESS; MEMORY We are products of past events and experiences, but only a few of them linger in our memory to affect our present lives. The current research examined whether there are individual differences in how far people look back to judge their present life satisfaction using the evolutionary framework of life history theory. The results showed that perceived ecological uncertainty interacts with a key aspect of life history strategy (childhood socioeconomic status; SES) to influence the span of retrospective mental time travel. When asked to list past events that had crossed their minds during life satisfaction judgments, individuals who grew up in low-SES environments mentioned more recent events, whereas individuals who grew up in high-SES environments wrote more distant past events. This difference was found only when the perception of ecological uncertainty was high, but not when it was low. It appears that life history strategy shapes peoples retrospective lens during life satisfaction judgments. [Choi, Soyeon; Suh, Eunkook M.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Psychol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea Suh, EM (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Psychol, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea. esuh@yonsei.ac.kr Baumeister R. 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Individ. Differ. JUL 15 2018 129 138 142 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.017 5 Psychology, Social Psychology GE0KB WOS:000430901600025 2018-11-12 J Morbey, YE Morbey, Yolanda E. Female-biased dimorphism in size and age at maturity is reduced at higher latitudes in lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY English Article freshwater fish; latitudinal gradients; life-history theory; maturation; sexual selection LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LIFE-HISTORY; MATURATION; FISH; GROWTH; ALLOMETRY; SELECTION; SALMON; STOCKS; HURON Female-biased sexual dimorphism in size at maturity is a common pattern observed in freshwater fishes with indeterminate growth, yet can vary in magnitude among populations for reasons that are not well understood. According to sex-specific optimization models, female-biased sexual size dimorphism can evolve due to sexual selection favouring earlier maturation by males, even when sexes are otherwise similar in their growth and mortality regimes. The magnitude of sexual size dimorphism is expected to depend on mortality rate. When mortality rates are low, both males and females are expected to mature at older ages and larger sizes, with size determined by the von Bertalanffy growth equation. The difference between size at maturity in males and females becomes reduced when maturing at older ages, closer to asymptotic size. This phenomenon is called von Bertalanffy buffering. The predicted relationship between the magnitude of female-biased sexual dimorphism in age and size at maturity and mortality rate was tested in a comparative analysis of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from 26 populations across a broad latitudinal range in North America. Most C. clupeaformis populations displayed female-biased sexual dimorphism in size and age at 50% maturity. As predicted, female-biased sexual size dimorphism was less extreme among lower mortality, high-latitude populations. [Morbey, Yolanda E.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Morbey, YE (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. ymorbey@uwo.ca Anras MLB, 1999, T AM FISH SOC, V128, P939, DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0939:MAHUBL>2.0.CO;2; Barot S, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P659; Beauchamp KC, 2004, J GREAT LAKES RES, V30, P451, DOI 10.1016/S0380-1330(04)70361-5; Blanckenhorn WU, 2006, EVOLUTION, V60, P2004, DOI 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01838.x; Blanckenhorn WU, 2005, ETHOLOGY, V111, P977, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01147.x; Burness G, 2008, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V65, P615, DOI 10.1139/F07-188; Casselman SJ, 2004, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V13, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00053.x; Cox RM, 2010, EVOLUTION, V64, P798, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00851.x; Eberts RL, 2017, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V37, P133, DOI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1245225; Estlander S, 2017, ECOL EVOL, V7, P665, DOI 10.1002/ece3.2658; Fairbairn DJ, 1997, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V28, P659, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.659; Fairbairn DJ, 2007, SEX SIZE GENDER ROLE; Ficker H, 2014, J FISH BIOL, V84, P1164, DOI 10.1111/jfb.12301; Henderson BA, 2003, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V60, P1345, DOI 10.1139/F03-115; HOLTBY LB, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P678, DOI 10.2307/1940322; IHSSEN PE, 1981, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V38, P1790, DOI 10.1139/f81-226; Jonsson B, 2015, J FISH BIOL, V87, P187, DOI 10.1111/jfb.12704; Kratzer JF, 2007, J GREAT LAKES RES, V33, P922, DOI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[922:CIFAEL]2.0.CO;2; Lumb CE, 2007, J GREAT LAKES RES, V33, P314, DOI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[314:COLWCC]2.0.CO;2; McLeod DV, 2011, J GREAT LAKES RES, V37, P601, DOI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.08.003; Muir AM, 2014, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V71, P1256, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0254; Myers R., 1990, CLASSICAL MODERN REG; Ogle D. 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Fish Biol. JUL 2018 93 1 40 46 10.1111/jfb.13675 7 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GS0WY WOS:000443231700007 29882273 2018-11-12 J Drake, KL; Alisauskas, RT; Calvert, AM Drake, Kiel L.; Alisauskas, Ray T.; Calvert, Anna M. Experimental test for a trade-off between successful nesting and survival in capital breeders with precocial offspring AUK English Article band recovery; capture-recapture; Chen rossii; cost of breeding; experimental manipulation; life history trade-off; Ross's Goose; survival LESSER SNOW GEESE; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; CANADA GEESE; BROOD SIZE; BODY CONDITION; ROSSS GEESE; CLUTCH SIZE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; PARENTAL INVESTMENT Life history theory assumes a trade-off between reproduction and survival. Investigations of this trade-off in birds have focused primarily on costs of rearing altricial young, because such costs are assumed to be low in species with precocial young. We experimentally manipulated nest success to test for a trade-off between (1) raising offspring for up to 1 yr after successfully nesting and (2) survival in female Ross's Geese (Chen rossii), a species with self-feeding, precocial young. We used multistate capture-resighting analysis that also incorporated recoveries of dead birds for inference about survival. We detected a general negative effect of successful nesting on survival, whereby point estimates of annual survival for successfully nesting females were consistently lower than those for failed nesters. Failed nesters had a greater proportion of mortality attributable to hunting, judging from their higher rates of reported mortality by hunters compared to successful nesters; thus, a cost of breeding associated with successful nesting likely resulted from natural mortality factors during incubation and brood rearing, and not from exploitation by humans. [Drake, Kiel L.; Alisauskas, Ray T.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Alisauskas, Ray T.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Drake, Kiel L.] Bird Studies Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Calvert, Anna M.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada Drake, KL (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.; Drake, KL (reprint author), Bird Studies Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. kdrake@birdscanada.org Arctic Goose Joint Venture (Canadian Wildlife Service [CWS]); California Department of Fish and Game; Central Flyway Council; Mississippi Flyway Council; Institute for Wetlands and Waterfowl Research (IWWR, Ducks Unlimited Canada); Polar Continental Shelf Project; Delta Waterfowl Foundation; University of Saskatchewan Graduate Scholarship; IKON Fellowship (IWWR); Delta Waterfowl The following agencies and organizations provided financial and logistical support for this work: Arctic Goose Joint Venture (Canadian Wildlife Service [CWS]), California Department of Fish and Game, Central and Mississippi Flyway Councils, Institute for Wetlands and Waterfowl Research (IWWR, Ducks Unlimited Canada), Polar Continental Shelf Project, and Delta Waterfowl Foundation. K.L.D. received personal support from a University of Saskatchewan Graduate Scholarship, the IKON Fellowship (IWWR), and a field stipend from Delta Waterfowl. 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Determining the roles of father absence and age at menarche in female psychosocial acceleration EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article CHILDHOOD SEXUAL-ABUSE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; ENVIRONMENT CORRELATIONS; EARLIER MENARCHE; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; RISK-TAKING; ANTECEDENTS; HARSHNESS; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES Paternal investment theory and psychosocial acceleration theory hold that father absence and stressful experiences, respectively, accelerate reproductive development. Accumulating evidence is consistent with these theories yet important questions remain. In this study, we use a two-part structural equation model and data from 342 female undergraduates to address two of these questions: First, what is the role of father absence in female psychosocial acceleration, controlling potentially confounding aspects of environment and family structure? Second, to what extent does age at menarche mediate environmental and family structure effects on sexual debut? Findings indicated that many aspects of environment and family structure could be summarized with two factors-socio-economic status (SES) and fragmented family structure. We found that among those who had experienced sexual debut, exposure to temporary father departure (one year or more) in the context of an intact family hastened menarche, which in turn accelerated sexual debut. However, this type of father absence did not predict experience of sexual debut (or not). Fragmented family structure (which also implies some degree of father absence) appeared to increase the likelihood that participants had experienced sexual debut, but did not predict age at menarche or age at sexual debut among who had debuted. SES was not associated with any aspects of reproductive development, controlling for fragmented family structure and age. We discuss our findings in relation to paternal investment theory, psychosocial acceleration theory, and life history theory. We then lay out future directions for researchers aiming to clarify the role of environment in reproductive trajectories. [Richardson, George B.; La Guardia, Amanda C.; Klay, Patricia M.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, Coll Educ Criminal Justice & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA Richardson, GB (reprint author), Coll Educ Criminal Justice & Human Serv, Sch Human Serv, 460R Teachers Dyer Complex, Cincinnati, OH USA. george.richardson@uc.edu Barbaro N, 2017, PSYCHOL BULL, V143, P107, DOI 10.1037/bul0000066; Barnes JC, 2014, J CRIM JUST, V42, P471, DOI 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2014.08.003; Beam CR, 2013, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V25, P7, DOI 10.1017/S0954579412000867; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 2012, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V21, P310, DOI 10.1177/0963721412453588; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P662, DOI 10.1037/a0024454; Belsky J, 2010, DEV PSYCHOL, V46, P120, DOI 10.1037/a0015549; Bollen K. 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Age-related variation in non-breeding foraging behaviour and carry-over effects on fitness in an extremely long-lived bird FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article activity patterns; ageing; life-history theory; migration; senescence; sexual segregation; stable isotopes; wandering albatross WANDERING ALBATROSSES; MIGRATION STRATEGIES; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; NONBREEDING PERIOD; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; EUROPEAN SHAGS; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; SENESCENCE; SEABIRD 1. Senescence has been widely documented in wild vertebrate populations, yet the proximate drivers of age-related declines in breeding success, including allocation trade-offs and links with foraging performance, are poorly understood. For long-lived, migratory species, the non-breeding period represents a critical time for investment in self-maintenance and restoration of body condition, which in many species is linked to fitness. However, the relationships between age, non-breeding foraging behaviour and fitness remain largely unexplored. 2. We performed a cross-sectional study, investigating age-related variation in the foraging activity, distribution and diet of an extremely long-lived seabird, the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, during the non-breeding period. Eighty-two adults aged 8-33years were tracked with geolocator-immersion loggers, and body feathers were sampled for stable isotope analysis. We tested for variation in metrics of foraging behaviour and linked age-related trends to subsequent reproductive performance. 3. There was an age-related decline in the number of landings (a proxy of foraging effort) during daylight hours, and a decrease in body feather C-13 values in older males but not females, yet this did not accompany an age-related shift in distributions. Males conducted fewer landings than females, and the sexes showed some spatial segregation, with males foraging further south, likely due to their differential utilization of winds. 4. Although younger (<20years) birds had higher foraging effort, they all went on to breed successfully the following season. In contrast, among older (20+ years) birds, individuals that landed more often were more likely to defer breeding or fail during incubation, suggesting they have lower foraging success. 5. As far as we are aware, this is the first demonstration of an age-specific carry-over effect of foraging behaviour in the non-breeding period on subsequent reproductive performance. This link between foraging behaviour and fitness in late but not early adulthood indicates that the ability of individuals to forage efficiently outside the breeding period may be an important driver of fitness differences in old age. 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JUL 2018 32 7 1832 1846 10.1111/1365-2435.13120 15 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology GL6GI WOS:000437281100016 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Tuzun, N; Stoks, R Tuzun, Nedim; Stoks, Robby Pathways to fitness: carry-over effects of late hatching and urbanisation on lifetime mating success OIKOS English Article reproductive phenology; metamorphosis; urbanization; phenotypic plasticity; urban heat island; hatching period; fitness; life history theory URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; DAMSELFLY COENAGRION-PUELLA; TIME CONSTRAINTS; SEXUAL SELECTION; SEMINATURAL CONDITIONS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GROWTH TRAJECTORIES; FLIGHT ENDURANCE Life history theory and most empirical studies assume carry-over effects of larval conditions to shape adult fitness through their impact on metamorphic traits (age and mass at metamorphosis). Yet, very few formal tests of this connection across metamorphosis exist, because this entails longitudinal studies from the egg stage and requires measuring fitness in (semi)natural conditions. In a longitudinal one-year common-garden rearing experiment consisting of an outdoor microcosm part for the larval stage and a large outdoor insectary part for the adult stage, we studied the effects of two factors related to time constraints in the larval stage (egg hatching period and urbanisation) on life history traits and lifetime mating success in the males of the damselfly Coenagrion puella. We reared early- and late-hatched larvae from each of three rural and three urban populations from the egg stage throughout their adult life. Key findings were that both the hatching period and urbanisation shaped adult fitness, yet through different pathways. As expected, the more time-constrained late-hatched individuals accelerated their larval life history and this was associated with a lower lifetime mating success. A path analysis revealed this carry-over effect was mediated by the changes in the two metamorphic traits (reduced age and lower mass at emergence). Notably, urban males had a 50% lower lifetime mating success, which was not mediated by age and mass at emergence, and possibly driven by their shorter lifespan. Our results point to long-term carry-over effects of the usually ignored natural variation in egg hatching dates, and further contribute to the limited evidence showing fitness costs of adjusting to an urban lifestyle. [Tuzun, Nedim; Stoks, Robby] Univ Leuven, Evolutionary Stress Ecol & Ecotoxicol, Deberiotstr 32, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium Tuzun, N (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Evolutionary Stress Ecol & Ecotoxicol, Deberiotstr 32, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium. nedim.tuzun@kuleuven.be Tuzun, Nedim/0000-0002-4743-1743 Belspo project SPEEDY [P7/04]; KU Leuven [PF/2010/07, C16/17/002]; FWO research network EVENET [WO.003.16N] Financial support came from the Belspo project SPEEDY (IAP- project P7/04) and research grants from the KU Leuven (PF/2010/07 and C16/17/002) and the FWO research network EVENET (WO.003.16N). 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Important juvenile manta ray habitat at Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico MARINE BIOLOGY English Article LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DIVING BEHAVIOR; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; ALFREDI; BIROSTRIS; BIOLOGY; SHARKS; AREA Oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) are large pelagic planktivores that are threatened globally by targeted fisheries and bycatch. While studies of oceanic mantas have increased substantially in the past decade, major knowledge gaps remain in their basic biology, ecology and life history. The juvenile stage in particular is virtually unstudied, as juvenile oceanic mantas are rarely observed in the wild and are known primarily from fisheries and captive individuals. Here, we present evidence suggesting that Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) is an important habitat for juvenile manta rays. Recent genetic evidence indicates that both oceanic mantas and a proposed third manta species (Mobula cf. birostris) are present at FGBNMS. Size estimates of mantas sighted at FGBNMS over 25 years of monitoring efforts indicate that 95% of individuals are smaller than the size at maturity for male M. birostris, and 80% are smaller than the size at maturity for M. alfredi. Photographic records of juvenile males with undeveloped claspers further corroborate these findings. Temporal patterns of use and the prevalence of juveniles suggest that this region may serve as nursery habitat for M. birostris and M. cf. birostris. Further research is necessary to determine the importance of the region to juveniles of each species, as well as long-term patterns of habitat use and residency. [Stewart, Joshua D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Stewart, Joshua D.] Manta Trust, Dorchester, Dorset, England; [Nuttall, Marissa; Hickerson, Emma L.; Johnston, Michelle A.] NOAA, Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX USA; [Nuttall, Marissa] CPC, San Diego, CA USA Stewart, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Stewart, JD (reprint author), Manta Trust, Dorchester, Dorset, England. j8stewart@ucsd.edu NOAA ONMS Nancy Foster Scholarship [NA15NOS4290068] JDS was supported by NOAA ONMS Nancy Foster Scholarship NA15NOS4290068. 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Biol. JUL 2018 165 7 111 10.1007/s00227-018-3364-5 8 Marine & Freshwater Biology Marine & Freshwater Biology GJ5YG WOS:000435459100001 2018-11-12 J Ruger, N; Comita, LS; Condit, R; Purves, D; Rosenbaum, B; Visser, MD; Wright, SJ; Wirth, C Rueger, Nadja; Comita, Liza S.; Condit, Richard; Purves, Drew; Rosenbaum, Benjamin; Visser, Marco D.; Wright, S. J.; Wirth, Christian Beyond the fast-slow continuum: demographic dimensions structuring a tropical tree community ECOLOGY LETTERS English Article Barro Colorado Island; demography; functional traits; growth-survival trade-off; life-history strategies; long-lived pioneer; mortality; seed production; tropical forest; weighted Principal Component Analysis FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; TRADE-OFF; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; SHADE TOLERANCE; GOOD PREDICTORS; GROWTH-RATES; LEAF TRAITS; CHANGE RANK Life-history theory posits that trade-offs between demographic rates constrain the range of viable life-history strategies. For coexisting tropical tree species, the best established demographic trade-off is the growth-survival trade-off. However, we know surprisingly little about co-variation of growth and survival with measures of reproduction. We analysed demographic rates from seed to adult of 282 co-occurring tropical tree and shrub species, including measures of reproduction and accounting for ontogeny. Besides the well-established fast-slow continuum, we identified a second major dimension of demographic variation: a trade-off between recruitment and seedling performance vs. growth and survival of larger individuals (>= 1 cm dbh) corresponding to a 'stature-recruitment' axis. The two demographic dimensions were almost perfectly aligned with two independent trait dimensions (shade tolerance and size). Our results complement recent analyses of plant life-history variation at the global scale and reveal that demographic trade-offs along multiple axes act to structure local communities. [Rueger, Nadja; Rosenbaum, Benjamin; Wirth, Christian] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; [Rueger, Nadja; Comita, Liza S.; Wright, S. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancona, Panama; [Comita, Liza S.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; [Condit, Richard] Field Museum Nat Hist, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA; [Condit, Richard] Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rte 53, Lisle, IL 60532 USA; [Purves, Drew] DeepMind, London, England; [Rosenbaum, Benjamin] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Biodivers, Dornburger Str 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany; [Visser, Marco D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Wirth, Christian] Univ Leipzig, AG Spezielle Bot & Funkt Biodiversitat, Johannisallee 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; [Wirth, Christian] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany Ruger, N (reprint author), German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Deutsch Pl 5e, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Ruger, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancona, Panama. nadja.rueger@idiv.de Ruger, Nadja/J-6393-2015 Ruger, Nadja/0000-0003-2371-4172 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [RU 1536/3-1]; German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [FZT 118]; NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology programme for seedling data collection [LTREB 1464389]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [NWO-ALW 801-440 01-009]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; F. H. Levinson Fund NR was funded by a research grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (RU 1536/3-1). BR, NR and CW acknowledge the support of the German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (FZT 118). The BCI plot has been made possible through the support of the U.S. National Science Foundation, the John D. and Catherine D. McArthur Foundation, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. LSC acknowledges support from the NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology programme for seedling data collection (LTREB 1464389). MDV acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW 801-440 01-009) and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University for the tree reproductive status census. Functional trait data were funded by the F. H. Levinson Fund. We thank the dozens of field assistants and botanists who have collected data in the BCI plot over the past 35 years. We thank Stephanie Bohlman for sharing crown observations from aerial photographs of trees at BCI, Adam Clark for helpful discussions and Roberto Salguero-Gomez and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that improved the MS considerably. 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Lett. JUL 2018 21 7 1075 1084 10.1111/ele.12974 10 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology GJ3YN WOS:000435270600013 29744992 Other Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Jensen, LF; Rognon, P; Aarestrup, K; Bottcher, JW; Pertoldi, C; Thomsen, SN; Hertz, M; Winde, J; Svendsen, JC Jensen, Lasse Fast; Rognon, Paul; Aarestrup, Kim; Bottcher, Jesper Wohlk; Pertoldi, Cino; Thomsen, Soren Nohr; Hertz, Morten; Winde, Jacob; Svendsen, Jon C. Evidence of cormorant-induced mortality, disparate migration strategies and repeatable circadian rhythm in the endangered North Sea houting (Coregonus oxyrinchus): A telemetry study mapping the postspawning migration ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH English Article artificial lakes; circadian rhythm; cormorant predation; repeatability; telemetry; whitefish SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TAGGED ATLANTIC SALMON; ANADROMOUS BROWN TROUT; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; SPAWNING MIGRATION; FRESH-WATER; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; PHALACROCORAX-CARBO Life history theory predicts a trade-off between migration and residency where migration is favoured when it infers elevated fitness. Although migration to more favourable environments may offer higher growth rates, migrants often experience increased mortality due to predation. Here, we investigated mortality and migration behaviour of the North Sea houting (Coregonus oxyrinchus), an anadromous salmonid endemic to the Wadden Sea. We used acoustic telemetry to map the migration of the only remaining indigenous population by applying stationary hydrophones combined with manual tracking. Data suggested a total mortality of 26%, with 30% of the total mortality attributed to predation by great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), highlighting that North Sea houting conservation could be jeopardised by increased cormorant predation. Risk of cormorant predation was size-dependent, with smaller fish suffering higher risk of predation. The study found North Sea houting to exhibit disparate migration strategies and identified a lentic area in the estuary as an important habitat. Two newly established artificial lakes within the river system significantly reduced the migration speeds, possibly indicating constrained navigation through the lakes. The migration into the Wadden Sea correlated with temperature perhaps indicating osmoregulatory constraints of sea entry. Unlike many salmonid species, migration occurred both day and night. Moreover, fish exhibited repeatable individual differences in diel activity patterns, suggesting that individuals differ consistently in their migratory activity throughout the 24-hr period. Our study provides novel information on salmonid migration, which is crucial for the development of science-based conservation strategies. [Jensen, Lasse Fast; Bottcher, Jesper Wohlk; Pertoldi, Cino; Thomsen, Soren Nohr; Hertz, Morten; Winde, Jacob] Aalborg Univ, Dept Chem & Biosci, Sect Environm Technol, Aalborg, Denmark; [Rognon, Paul] Inst Natl Ds Sci Appl, INSA, Lyon, France; [Aarestrup, Kim] Tech Univ Denmark, Sect Freshwater Fisheries Ecol, DTU Aqua, Silkeborg, Denmark; [Svendsen, Jon C.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Ecosyst Based Marine Management, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund, Denmark; [Svendsen, Jon C.] Univ Porto, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental C, Porto, Portugal Jensen, LF (reprint author), Aalborg Univ, Dept Chem & Biosci, Sect Environm Technol, Aalborg, Denmark. lasse.fast@gmail.com Pertoldi, Cino/0000-0002-4644-8981 15. Juni Foundation [2014-A-22]; Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in Portugal [SFRH/BPD/89473/2012] 15. 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Fish JUL 2018 27 3 672 685 10.1111/eff.12383 14 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GI6UO WOS:000434638800004 2018-11-12 J Lee, AJ; DeBruine, LM; Jones, BC Lee, Anthony J.; DeBruine, Lisa M.; Jones, Benedict C. Individual-specific mortality is associated with how individuals evaluate future discounting decisions PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article intertemporal choice; delay discounting; life-history theory; life expectancy; cross-cultural research; ageing LIFE-HISTORY PERSPECTIVE; INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE; EXPECTANCY; DELAY; METAANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR; REWARDS; RISK; NEIGHBORHOODS; GRATIFICATION How organisms discount the value of future rewards is associated with many important outcomes, and may be a central component of theories of life-history. According to life-history theories, prioritizing immediacy is indicative of an accelerated strategy (i.e. reaching reproductive maturity quickly and producing many offspring at the cost of long-term investment). Previous work extrapolating life-history theories to facultative calibration of life-history traits within individuals has theorized that cues to mortality can trigger an accelerated strategy; however, compelling evidence for this hypothesis in modern humans is lacking. We assessed whether country-level life expectancy predicts individual future discounting behaviour across multiple intertemporal choice items in a sample of 13 429 participants from 54 countries. Individuals in countries with lower life expectancy were more likely to prefer an immediate reward to one that is delayed. Individuals from countries with greater life expectancy were especially more willing to wait for a future reward when the relative gain in choosing the future reward was large and/or the delay period was short. These results suggest that cues to mortality can influence the way individuals evaluate intertemporal decisions, which in turn can inform life-history trade-offs. We also found that older (but not very old) participants were more willing to wait for a future reward when there is a greater relative gain and/or shorter delay period, consistent with theoretical models that suggest individuals are more future-orientated at middle age. [Lee, Anthony J.; DeBruine, Lisa M.; Jones, Benedict C.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Lee, AJ (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. anthony.lee@glasgow.ac.uk Lee, Anthony J./I-8220-2012 Lee, Anthony J./0000-0001-8288-3393; Jones, Benedict/0000-0001-7777-0220 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [705478] A.J.L. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 705478. 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Religious People Are Trusted Because They Are Viewed as Slow Life-History Strategists PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE English Article evolutionary psychology; religious beliefs; religion; life-history theory; trust; open data; open materials PREJUDICE; PERSPECTIVE; COGNITION; DISCOUNT; GODS Religious people are more trusted than nonreligious people. Although most theorists attribute these perceptions to the beliefs of religious targets, religious individuals also differ in behavioral ways that might cue trust. We examined whether perceivers might trust religious targets more because they heuristically associate religion with slow life-history strategies. In three experiments, we found that religious targets are viewed as slow life-history strategists and that these findings are not the result of a universally positive halo effect; that the effect of target religion on trust is significantly mediated by the target's life-history traits (i.e., perceived reproductive strategy); and that when perceivers have direct information about a target's reproductive strategy, their ratings of trust are driven primarily by his or her reproductive strategy, rather than religion. These effects operate over and above targets' belief in moralizing gods and offer a novel theoretical perspective on religion and trust. [Moon, Jordan W.; Krems, Jaimie Arona; Cohen, Adam B.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, 950 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Moon, JW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, 950 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. jordan.w.moon@asu.edu Moon, Jordan/0000-0001-5102-3585; Krems, Jaimie Arona/0000-0002-2590-2241 Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-15-1-0008]; Psi Chi graduate research grant This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-15-1-0008) and a Psi Chi graduate research grant awarded to J.W. Moon. 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JUN 2018 29 6 947 960 10.1177/0956797617753606 14 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology GI7TU WOS:000434705900009 29590005 2018-11-12 J Griffiths, PE; Matthewson, J Griffiths, Paul E.; Matthewson, John Evolution, Dysfunction, and Disease: A Reappraisal BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE English Article FUNCTIONAL EFFICIENCY; BIOSTATISTICAL THEORY; NATURAL-SELECTION; PROPER FUNCTIONS; MENTAL-DISORDER; HEALTH; DEFENSE Some 'naturalist' accounts of disease employ a biostatistical account of dysfunction, whilst others use a 'selected effect' account. Several recent authors have argued that the biostatistical account offers the best hope for a naturalist account of disease. We show that the selected effect account survives the criticisms levelled by these authors relatively unscathed, and has significant advantages over the BST. Moreover, unlike the BST, it has a strong theoretical rationale and can provide substantive reasons to decide difficult cases. This is illustrated by showing how life-history theory clarifies the status of so-called diseases of old age. The selected effect account of function deserves a more prominent place in the philosophy of medicine than it currently occupies. [Griffiths, Paul E.] Univ Sydney, Dept Philosophy, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Griffiths, Paul E.] Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Matthewson, John] Massey Univ, Sch Humanities, Albany, New Zealand Griffiths, PE (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Philosophy, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Griffiths, PE (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. paul.griffiths@sydney.edu.au; J.Matthewson@massey.ac.nz Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects [DP130101774] This research was supported under the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme (grant no. DP130101774). 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JUN 2018 69 2 301 327 10.1093/bjps/axw021 27 History & Philosophy Of Science History & Philosophy of Science GI0UN WOS:000434085400001 2018-11-12 J Kosterman, MK; Squires, JR; Holbrook, JD; Pletscher, DH; Hebblewhite, M Kosterman, Megan K.; Squires, John R.; Holbrook, Joseph D.; Pletscher, Daniel H.; Hebblewhite, Mark Forest structure provides the income for reproductive success in a southern population of Canada lynx ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS English Article capital breeding; felids; habitat quality; habitat-fitness relationship; income breeding; Lepus americanus; Lynx canadensis; maternal effects; reproductive strategy; reproductive success NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; RESOURCE SELECTION; SNOWSHOE HARES; EURASIAN LYNX; HOME-RANGE; MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS; HABITAT SELECTION; FITNESS COSTS; NATIONAL-PARK; BODY-MASS Understanding intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of reproductive success is central to advancing animal ecology and characterizing critical habitat. Unfortunately, much of the work examining drivers of reproductive success is biased toward particular groups of organisms (e.g., colonial birds, large herbivores, capital breeders). Long-lived mammalian carnivores that are of conservation concern, solitary, and territorial present an excellent situation to examine intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of reproductive success, yet they have received little attention. Here, we used a Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) data set, from the southern periphery of their range, to determine if reproductive success in a solitary carnivore was consistent with capital or income breeding. We radio-marked and monitored 36 female Canada lynx for 98 lynx years. We evaluated how maternal characteristics and indices of food supply (via forest structure) in core areas influenced variation in body condition and reproductive success. We characterized body condition as mass/length and reproductive success as whether a female produced a litter of kittens for a given breeding season. Consistent with life-history theory, we documented a positive effect of maternal age on body condition and reproductive success. In contrast to predictions of capital breeding, we observed no effect of pre-pregnancy body condition on reproductive success in Canada lynx. However, we demonstrated statistical effects of forest structure on reproductive success in Canada lynx, consistent with predictions of income breeding. The forest characteristics that defined high success included (1) abundant and connected mature forest and (2) intermediate amounts of small-diameter regenerating forest. These attributes are consistent with providing abundant, temporally stable, and accessible prey resources (i.e., snowshoe hares; Lepus americanus) for lynx and reinforce the bottom-up mechanisms influencing Canada lynx populations. Collectively, our results suggest that lynx on the southern range periphery exhibit an income breeding strategy and that forest structure supplies the income important for successful reproduction. More broadly, our insights advance the understanding of carnivore ecology and serve as an important example on integrating long-term field studies with ecological theory to improve landscape management. [Kosterman, Megan K.; Pletscher, Daniel H.; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Squires, John R.; Holbrook, Joseph D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA; [Holbrook, Joseph D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Coll Agr, POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Kosterman, Megan K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, 11103 E Montgomery Dr, Spokane Valley, WA 99206 USA Squires, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. jsquires@fs.fed.us USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Bureau of Land Management This research was primarily funded by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and in part by the Bureau of Land Management (J. Sparks). We thank P. Lukacs and L. Baggett for statistical advice and J. Berger for input and guidance. In addition, S. Cushman and K. McGarigal were helpful concerning Fragstats analysis. We thank K. Fulmer and S. Brown for helping with GIS and VMap inquires. B. Conard, N. DeCesare, B. Holt, B. Morlin, L. Olson, B. Sweeney, S. Sweeney, and Z. Wallace provided invaluable support, and we thank the many technicians who helped collect the data over the many years. R. Bush and B. Reyes assisted with Forest Inventory data requests. Finally, we acknowledge G. Mowat and two anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments that improved our manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 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Female investment in offspring size and number shifts seasonally in a lizard with single-egg clutches EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY English Article Life-history evolution; Seasonality; Parental investment; Tradeoffs; Reproducibility TROPICAL MAINLAND ANOLE; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; FOOD-INTAKE; SEX-RATIOS; BODY-SIZE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; FITNESS The timing of reproduction strongly influences reproductive success in many organisms. For species with extended reproductive seasons, the quality of the environment may change throughout the season in ways that impact offspring survival, and, accordingly, aspects of reproductive strategies may shift to maximize fitness. Life-history theory predicts that if offspring environments deteriorate through the season, females should shift from producing more, smaller offspring early in the season to fewer, higher quality offspring later in the season. We leverage multiple iterations of anole breeding colonies, which control for temperature, moisture, and food availability, to identify seasonal changes in reproduction. These breeding colonies varied only by the capture date of the adult animals from the field. We show that seasonal cohorts exhibit variation in key reproductive traits such as inter-clutch interval, egg size and hatchling size consistent with seasonal shifts in reproductive effort. Overall, reproductive effort was highest early in the season due to a relatively high rate of egg production. Later season cohorts produced fewer, but larger offspring. We infer that these results indicate a strategy for differential allocation of resources through the season. Females maximize offspring quantity when environments are favorable, and maximize offspring quality when environments are poor for those offspring. Our study also highlights that subtle differences in methodology (such as capture date of study animals) may influence the interpretation of results. Researchers interested in reproduction must be conscious of how their organism's reproductive patterns may shift through the season when designing experiments or comparing results across studies. [Mitchell, Timothy S.; Hall, Joshua M.; Warner, Daniel A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; [Mitchell, Timothy S.; Warner, Daniel A.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA; [Mitchell, Timothy S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 140 Gortner Hall,1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA Mitchell, TS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.; Mitchell, TS (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.; Mitchell, TS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, 140 Gortner Hall,1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. tsmitchell09@gmail.com Mitchell, Timothy/0000-0002-7136-769X National Science Foundation [DBI 1402202]; University of Alabama at Birmingham We thank P.R. Pearson, S. Tiatragul, and D. Williams for help with animal care. Research was approved by University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #140710215). Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (DBI 1402202 to TSM) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 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Ecol. JUN 2018 32 2-3 231 245 10.1007/s10682-018-9936-5 15 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GG2KA WOS:000432520100008 2018-11-12 J Young, ES; Griskevicius, V; Simpson, JA; Waters, TEA; Mittal, C Young, Ethan S.; Griskevicius, Vladas; Simpson, Jeffry A.; Waters, Theodore E. A.; Mittal, Chiraag Can an Unpredictable Childhood Environment Enhance Working Memory? Testing the Sensitized-Specialization Hypothesis JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article evolutionary psychology; life history theory; social development; unpredictable environments; working memory EARLY-LIFE STRESS; LATENT-VARIABLE APPROACH; GENERAL FLUID INTELLIGENCE; ADULT AGE-DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; SECONDARY MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ATTENTION CONTROL Although growing up in an adverse childhood environment tends to impair cognitive functions, evolutionary-developmental theory suggests that this might be only one part of the story. A person's mind may instead become developmentally specialized and potentially enhanced for solving problems in the types of environments in which the person grew up. In the current research, we tested whether these specialized advantages in cognitive function might be sensitized to emerge in currently uncertain contexts. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol. JUN 2018 114 6 891 908 10.1037/pspi0000124 18 Psychology, Social Psychology GG0OY WOS:000432379700003 29389153 2018-11-12 J Zhu, N; Hawk, ST; Chang, L Zhu, Nan; Hawk, Skyler T.; Chang, Lei Living Slow and Being Moral HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Altruism; Dualprocessmodel ofmorality; Empathy; Life historytheory; Life history strategy; Morality; Prosociality; Social competition; Unpredictability LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; COMPETITIVE ALTRUISM; ATTACHMENT STYLE; JUDGMENT; EMPATHY; RISK; STRATEGY; VALIDITY; VIOLENCE Drawing from the dual process model of morality and life history theory, the present research examined the role of cognitive and emotional processes as bridges between basic environmental challenges (i.e., unpredictability and competition) and other-centered moral orientation (i.e., prioritizing the welfare of others). In two survey studies, cognitive and emotional processes represented by future-oriented planning and emotional attachment, respectively (Study 1, N = 405), or by perspective taking and empathic concern, respectively (Study 2, N = 424), positively predicted other-centeredness in prosocial moral reasoning (Study 1) and moral judgment dilemmas based on rationality or intuition (Study 2). Cognitive processes were more closely related to rational aspects of other-centeredness, whereas the emotional processes were more closely related to the intuitive aspects of other-centeredness (Study 2). Finally, the cognitive and emotional processes also mediated negative effects of unpredictability (i.e., negative life events and childhood financial insecurity), as well as positive effects of individual-level, contest competition (i.e., educational and occupational competition) on other-centeredness. Overall, these findings support the view that cognitive and emotional processes do not necessarily contradict each other. Rather, they might work in concert to promote other-centeredness in various circumstances and might be attributed to humans' developmental flexibility in the face of environmental challenges. 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JUN 2018 29 2 186 209 10.1007/s12110-018-9313-7 24 Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences GF4IB WOS:000431925300005 29516303 2018-11-12 J Mullowney, D; Morris, C; Dawe, E; Zagorsky, I; Goryanina, S Mullowney, Darrell; Morris, Corey; Dawe, Earl; Zagorsky, Ivan; Goryanina, Svetlana Dynamics of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) movement and migration along the Newfoundland and Labrador and Eastern Barents Sea continental shelves REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES English Article Barents Sea; Newfoundland and Labrador; Ontogenetic movement; Seasonal migration; Snow crab OF-SAINT-LAWRENCE; BERING-SEA; NORTHWESTERN GULF; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; TERMINAL MOLT; ST-LAWRENCE; BONNE BAY; MAJIDAE; CANADA; GROWTH This study uses survey and tagging data and cluster analysis to interpret dynamics of ontogenetic movements and seasonal migrations in snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) along the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) continental shelves. Most historic literature from Atlantic Canada suggests snow crab undertake small-scale ontogenetic movements while observations of seasonal migrations had been near-exclusive to the inshore. Information on both types of movement in the most spatially expansive offshore region of Atlantic Canada, in NL, was lacking. We find that that both ontogenetic movements and seasonal migrations occur in most areas of the NL offshore, with ontogenetic movements generally down-slope and seasonal migrations generally upslope. Conservative estimates of average ontogenetic movements range from 54 to 72 km for both males and females in the largest offshore regions while seasonal migrations are slightly smaller, with two independent studies on the Grand Bank producing average estimates of 43-46 km and an adjacent tagging study in a smaller inshore bay producing an average estimate of 25 km. Ontogenetic movements appear associated with a search for warm water while seasonal migrations appear associated with both mating and molting in shallow water. On average, morphometrically mature crab of both sexes move less vertical distance than morphometrically immature crab during seasonal migrations. We investigate plausible explanations for ontogenetic movements and spring migrations and detail how bottom temperature affects crab distribution and life history dynamics. We further document movement patterns from tagging studies on the burgeoning snow crab stock in the Eastern Barents Sea toward establishing consistencies in species behaviour on the global scale. Finally, we discuss explanations for historical disparities in the literature between scales of movement for snow crab in the Eastern Bering Sea of Alaska versus Atlantic Canada and advance perspectives on life history theory for the species. [Mullowney, Darrell; Morris, Corey; Dawe, Earl] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, POB 5667,80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada; [Zagorsky, Ivan; Goryanina, Svetlana] Russian Fed Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Verkhnaya Krasnoselskaya Str 17, Moscow 107140, Russia Mullowney, D (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, POB 5667,80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. darrell.mullowney@dfo-mpo.gc.ca Agnalt AL, 2011, INVAD NAT SPRING SER, V6, P283, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0591-3_9; Alunno-Bruscia M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P459, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-2-459; Alvsvag J, 2009, BIOL INVASIONS, V11, P587, DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9273-7; Biron M, 2008, FISH RES, V91, P260, DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.11.029; Boudreau SA, 2011, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V429, P169, DOI 10.3354/meps09081; BRETHES JCF, 1989, LOW WAKE FI, V8, P193; Burmeister A, 2010, POLAR BIOL, V33, P775, DOI 10.1007/s00300-009-0755-6; Colbourne E, 1995, 9533 NAFO SCR; Colbourne E, 2016, 1607 NAFO SCR; Comeau M, 1998, CRUSTACEANA, V71, P925, DOI 10.1163/156854098X00932; Comeau M, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P262, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-55-1-262; Comeau M, 1989, CAN ATL FISH SCI ADV, V1989; CONAN GY, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P1710, DOI 10.1139/f86-214; Cook AM, 2015, 2015068 DFO CAN SCI, V2015; COULOMBE F, 1985, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V42, P169, DOI 10.1139/f85-021; Dahle S, 1998, SARSIA, V83, P183, DOI 10.1080/00364827.1998.10413681; Dawe EG, 2012, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V469, P279, DOI 10.3354/meps09793; Dawe EG, 2010, FISH RES, V101, P70, DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.09.008; Dawe EG, 2002, 2002051 CAN SCI ADV, V2002; DAWE EG, 2002, CRABS COLD WAT REG, V19, P577; Doubleday WG, 1981, NW ATL FISH ORG SCI; Dufour R, 1994, POTENTIEL EXPLOITATI, V1996; Dufour R, 1988, 199839 DFO CAN SCI A, V1998; Emond K, 2015, ICES J MAR SCI, V72, P1336, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu240; Ennis GP, 1990, 199005 CAN ATL FISH, V1990; Ennis GP, 1988, 199802 CAN ATL FISH, V1988; Ernst B, 2005, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V62, P250, DOI 10.1139/F04-201; Fonseca DB, 2008, T AM FISH SOC, V137, P1029, DOI 10.1577/T07-079.1; FOYLE TP, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V145, P371; HOENIG JM, 1994, J CRUSTACEAN BIOL, V14, P273, DOI 10.2307/1548907; HOOPER RG, 1986, CRUSTACEANA, V50, P257, DOI 10.1163/156854086X00287; ICES, 2017, 2016SSGEPD10 ICES UK; Kolts JM, 2015, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V518, P193, DOI 10.3354/meps11042; LOVRICH GA, 1995, CAN J ZOOL, V73, P1712, DOI 10.1139/z95-203; Marcello LA, 2012, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V469, P249, DOI 10.3354/meps09766; McBride J., 1982, Alaska Sea Grant Report, P383; Miller RJ, 1981, CAN TECH REP FISH AQ, V1003; Mullowney D, 2016, 2016026 DFO CAN SCI, V2016; Mullowney DR, 2011, ICES J MAR SCI, V68, P463, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq189; Mullowney DRJ, 2014, REV FISH BIOL FISHER, V24, P639, DOI 10.1007/s11160-014-9349-7; Mullowney DRJ, 2012, CRABS ANATOMY HABITA, P49; Nichol DG, 2015, FISH B-NOAA, V113, P313, DOI 10.7755/FB.113.3.7; Orensanz J, 2004, CAL COOP OCEAN FISH, V45, P65; Parada C, 2010, B MAR SCI, V86, P413; PIPER DJW, 1991, CONT SHELF RES, V11, P1013, DOI 10.1016/0278-4343(91)90089-O; Powles HW, 1968, 997 FISH RES BD CAN, V997; Puebla O, 2008, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V65, P425, DOI 10.1139/F07-163; SAINTE-MARIE B, 1988, Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec), V115, P105; SAINTE-MARIE B, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P1282, DOI 10.1139/f92-144; SAINTE-MARIE B., 1996, LOWELL WAKEFIELD FIS, V96-02, P451; Sainte-Marie B, 2008, B MAR SCI, V83, P131; *SAS, 1999, SAS STAT US GUID VER; Somerton D.A., 1982, Alaska Sea Grant Report, P283; Taylor David M., 1992, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, V12, P777, DOI 10.1577/1548-8675(1992)012<0777:LTOOMO>2.3.CO;2; Taylor DM, 1984, 198458 CAN ATL FISH, V1984; Turner CT, 2013, BARENTS OBSERVER; Wassmann P, 2006, PROG OCEANOGR, V71, P232, DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.10.003; Watson J, 1970, 204 FISH RES BD CAN, V204; Watson J, 1972, 349 FISH RES BD CAN, V349; Windle MJS, 2012, MAR ECOL PROG SER, V469, P263, DOI 10.3354/meps10026; WONG MA, 1982, J AM STAT ASSOC, V77, P841, DOI 10.2307/2287316; Zheng J, 2001, LOW WAKE FI, V17, P233; Zimmina OL, 2012, RUSS J MAR BIOL, V40, P490 63 0 0 8 8 SPRINGER DORDRECHT VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0960-3166 1573-5184 REV FISH BIOL FISHER Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. JUN 2018 28 2 435 459 10.1007/s11160-017-9513-y 25 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GF4ZM WOS:000431973700009 2018-11-12 J Chen, BB Chen, Bin-Bin An evolutionary life history approach to understanding greed PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Life history theory; Greed; Insecure attachment; Childhood environmental unpredictability ENVIRONMENTAL UNPREDICTABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; RETROSPECTIVE REPORTS; INSECURE ATTACHMENT; RESOURCE CONTROL; DECISION-MAKING; CHILDHOOD; SEX; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENCE Evolutionary life history theory offers a unifying theoretical framework, emphasizing that human behaviors have been selected because they are adaptive responses to environmental challenges. There is little extant empirical research on the evolutionary origin of greed. The purpose of this study, which was based on the evolutionary life history approach, was to examine the relationships between childhood environmental unpredictability, attachment, and greed. A sample of 364 university students completed measures of greed, attachment, and childhood environment. Structural equation modeling revealed that, as predicted, childhood environmental unpredictability was positively associated with greed. Furthermore, attachment was confirmed as a mediator of the association between childhood environmental unpredictability and greed. These results define the evolutionary origin of greed. [Chen, Bin-Bin] Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China Chen, BB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. chenbinbin@fudan.edu.cn School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University This study was supported by the research fund of the School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University. 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Individ. Differ. JUN 1 2018 127 74 78 10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.006 5 Psychology, Social Psychology GB6NA WOS:000429184700013 2018-11-12 J Antfolk, J; Sjolund, A Antfolk, Jan; Sjolund, Agneta High parental investment in childhood is associated with increased mate value in adulthood PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Parental investment; Mate value; Life-history theory; Paternal investment; Maternal investment; Sexual strategies SEXUAL RISK-TAKING; FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; PUBERTAL MATURATION; SELF-ESTEEM; AGE; PREFERENCES; PERSONALITY Stressors in the childhood environment, such as decreased parental investment (PI) regulate an individual's reproductive behaviors. The effect of these behaviors on fitness is partly determined by individual mate value (MV). We tested whether PI during childhood is associated to MV in adulthood. Adult men and women (N = 1244) reported received maternal and paternal investment, and also current MV. We found that high PI in childhood was associated with increased MV in adulthood. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between maternal and paternal investment and the association between paternal investment and MV was mediated through maternal investment. We conclude that PI, especially maternal investment, might influence MV in offspring. [Antfolk, Jan; Sjolund, Agneta] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Psychol, Turku, Finland; [Antfolk, Jan] Turku Brain & Mind Ctr, Turku, Finland Antfolk, J (reprint author), Abo Akad Univ, Psychol, Fabriksgatan 2, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. jantfolk@abo.fi Antfolk, Jan/0000-0003-0334-4987 Academy of Finland [298513] The current study was funded by an Academy of Finland grant (no. 298513) to the first author. The authors thank the members of HumeLAB for their helpful comments. 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Associations between psychometrically assessed life history strategy and daily behavior: data from the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) PEERJ English Article Life history strategy; Electronically activated recorder; Arizona life history battery K-FACTOR; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PERSONALITY; PSYCHOLOGY; SELECTION; CONVERSATIONS; HERITABILITY; ENVIRONMENTS; INTELLIGENCE; COVITALITY Life history theory has generated cogent, well-supported hypotheses about individual differences in human biodemographic traits (e.g., age at sexual maturity) and psychometric traits (e.g., conscientiousness), but little is known about how variation in life history strategy (LHS) is manifest in quotidian human behavior. Here I test predicted associations between the self-report Arizona Life History Battery and frequencies of 12 behaviors observed over 72 h in 91 US college students using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a method of gathering periodic brief audio recordings as participants go about their daily lives. Bayesian multi-level aggregated binomial regression analysis found no strong associations between ALHB scores and behavior frequencies. One behavior, presence at amusement venues (bars, concerts, sports events) was weakly positively associated with ALHB-assessed slow LHS, contrary to prediction. These results may represent a challenge to the ALHB's validity. However, it remains possible that situational influences on behavior, which were not measured in the present study, moderate the relationships between psychometrically-assessed LHS and quotidian behavior. 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Offspring growth and mobility in response to variation in parental care: a comparison between populations JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY English Article avian growth; clutch size; Lack's hypothesis; life history trade-off; offspring quality STONECHATS SAXICOLA-TORQUATA; NEST PREDATION RISK; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; CLUTCH-SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; DIET QUALITY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENETIC SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; PASSERINE BIRD Life history theory emphasizes the importance of trade-offs in how time and energy are allocated to the competing demands of growth, fecundity, and survival. However, avian studies have historically emphasized the importance of resource acquisition over resource allocation to explain geographic variation in fecundity, parental care, and offspring development. We compared the brood sizes and nestling mass and feather growth trajectories between orange-crowned warblers Oreothlypis celata breeding in Alaska versus California, and used 24-h video recordings to study the relationship between parental care and growth rates. Per-offspring provisioning rates were highest in the smallest broods, and food delivery was positively correlated with nestling growth over the 24-h period only in Alaska. Females in Alaska spent more time brooding, and juveniles there showed faster feather growth and earlier mobility compared with those in California. We also found differences in the energetic and nutritional content of insect larvae that could facilitate the observed differences in nestling growth relative to food provisioning. Our results point to the potential importance of food quality and parental provisioning of warmth, in addition to food, for explaining avian growth patterns. We highlight the need to quantify multiple dimensions of parental care and of offspring growth and development, and to better understand the relationships between feather growth, nestling period length, and fledgling mobility. [Sofaer, Helen R.; Yoon, Jongmin; Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Sofaer, Helen R.; Yoon, Jongmin; Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Biol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Sofaer, Helen R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA; [Yoon, Jongmin] Korea Natl Univ Educ, Ecol Inst Oriental Stork, Cheongju, South Korea; [Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA; [Power, Michael L.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Washington, DC USA; [Morrison, Scott A.] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA USA Sofaer, HR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Sofaer, HR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Biol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Sofaer, HR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. hsofaer@usgs.gov Sillett, Scott/0000-0002-7486-0076 Nature Conservancy; Smithsonian Inst.; American Ornithologists' Union Graduate Research Award; Frank M. Chapman Memorial Grant from the American Museum of Natural History; NSF-IGERT [0221595]; NSF [DEB-0846175]; Smithsonian Inst. Predoctoral Fellowship This work was supported by The Nature Conservancy, the Smithsonian Inst., an American Ornithologists' Union Graduate Research Award, and a Frank M. 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Avian Biol. MAY 2018 49 5 UNSP e01646 10.1111/jav.01646 14 Ornithology Zoology GL2GZ WOS:000436938400005 2018-11-12 J Twenge, JM; Campbell, WK Twenge, Jean M.; Campbell, W. Keith Cultural Individualism Is Linked to Later Onset of Adult-Role Responsibilities Across Time and Regions JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article cultural psychology; developmental; economic conditions; individualism; life history theory LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; SELF-ENHANCEMENT; GREAT RECESSION; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; CHILDHOOD; AMERICA This article explores links between cultural individualism and the age at which adult-role responsibilities are assumed (the speed of maturation to adulthood). Across 43 years (19732015) within the United States, yearly indicators of individualism were positively correlated with later onset of work and family responsibilities (a slow life strategy). The same pattern appeared cross-culturally: Across 53 nations, cultural individualism was significantly correlated with slower maturation to adulthood. These links remained over time and cross-culturally when unemployment rate, an indicator of economic strength, was included in the model. Analyses including GDP showed mixed results, suggesting a complex relationship between economic indicators, individualism, and maturation to adulthood. Across nations and time, more individualistic cultures are also those with slower maturation to adulthood (a slow life strategy). [Twenge, Jean M.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Campbell, W. 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We argue that such practices induce an orientation towards the here-and-now rather than the future, which, in turn, promotes delinquency. We used longitudinal data (N = 1,197) from the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood into Adulthood (z-proso). We distinguished between two types of disciplining practices, corporal and inconsistent punishment, which map onto two main environmental parameters, harshness and unpredictability. Results show that short-term mindsets, operationalized by impulsivity and low future orientation, mediate the relation between corporal and erratic punishment and delinquency, with impulsivity being the most important mediator. 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J. Criminol. MAY 2018 58 3 644 666 10.1093/bjc/azx042 23 Criminology & Penology Criminology & Penology GJ6AA WOS:000435463700008 2018-11-12 J Nee, S Nee, Sean Survival and weak chaos ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE English Article survival analysis; infant mortality; chaos; Pomeau-Manneville map; life-history theory; reliability theory SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; RUNAWAY PACEMAKER; SYSTEMS; MODELS; PREGNANCY; CYCLES; LIFE Survival analysis in biology and reliability theory in engineering concern the dynamical functioning of bio/electro/mechanical units. Here we incorporate effects of chaotic dynamics into the classical theory. Dynamical systems theory now distinguishes strong and weak chaos. Strong chaos generates Type II survivorship curves entirely as a result of the internal operation of the system, without any age-independent, external, random forces of mortality. Weak chaos exhibits (a) intermittency and (b) Type III survivorship, defined as a decreasing per capita mortality rate: engineering explicitly defines this pattern of decreasing hazard as 'infant mortality'. Weak chaos generates two phenomena from the normal functioning of the same system. First, infant mortality-sensu engineering-without any external explanatory factors, such as manufacturing defects, which is followed by increased average longevity of survivors. Second, sudden failure of units during their normal period of operation, before the onset of age-dependent mortality arising from senescence. The relevance of these phenomena encompasses, for example: no-fault-found failure of electronic devices; high rates of human early spontaneous miscarriage/abortion; runaway pacemakers; sudden cardiac death in young adults; bipolar disorder; and epilepsy. 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MAY 2018 5 5 172181 10.1098/rsos.172181 15 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics GH5TA WOS:000433498000067 29892407 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Del Giudice, M; Gangestad, SW Del Giudice, Marco; Gangestad, Steven W. Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: Why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY English Article Cytokines; CRP; Depression; IL-6; Inflammation; Life history theory; Socioeconomic status; Somatic maintenance; Stress; Tolerance C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; TIME-COURSE Behavioral researchers have increasingly become interested in the idea that chronic, low-grade inflammation is a pathway through which social and behavioral variables exert long-term effects on health. Much research in the area employs putative inflammatory biomarkers to infer an underlying state of inflammation. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP, whose production is stimulated by IL-6) are arguably the two most commonly assayed biomarkers. Yet, in contrast with near-universal assumptions in the field, discoveries in immunology over the past two decades show that neither IL-6 nor CRP are unambiguous inflammatory markers. IL-6 operates through two distinct signaling pathways, only one of which is specifically upregulated during inflammation; both pathways have a complex range of effects and influence multiple physiological processes even in absence of inflammation. Similarly, CRP has two isoforms, one of which is produced locally in inflamed or damaged tissues. The other isoform is routinely produced in absence of inflammation and may have net anti-inflammatory effects. We propose a functional framework to account for the multiple actions of IL-6 and CRP. Specifically, we argue that both molecules participate in somatic maintenance efforts; hence elevated levels indicate that an organism is investing in protection, preservation, and/or repair of somatic tissue. Depending on the state of the organism, maintenance may be channeled into resistance against pathogens (including inflammation), pathogen tolerance and harm reduction, or tissue repair. The findings and framework we present have a range of potential implications for the interpretation of empirical findings in this area a point we illustrate with alternative interpretations of research on socioeconomic status, stress, and depression. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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MAY 2018 70 61 75 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.013 15 Immunology; Neurosciences Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GH4US WOS:000433400900010 29499302 2018-11-12 J Vedder, O; Bouwhuis, S Vedder, Oscar; Bouwhuis, Sandra Heterogeneity in individual quality in birds: overall patterns and insights from a study on common terns OIKOS English Article LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; AGE-SPECIFIC REPRODUCTION; KESTREL FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; TIT PARUS-MAJOR; NATURAL-SELECTION; GREAT TITS; BROOD SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITY While life-history theory predicts a tradeoff between reproduction and survival, positive covariance, indicative of heterogeneity in individual quality, is often reported among individuals from natural populations. We review longitudinal studies of wild bird populations that test the relationship between annual reproductive success and lifespan and find the majority to report a positive correlation, while none reports a negative correlation. Heterogeneity in individual quality in resource acquisition, masking resource-based tradeoffs, therefore appears to be common in birds. Considering that there is little evidence for heritable variation in fitness, heterogeneity in individual quality among adults may be due to life-long effects of developmental conditions. In a 20-year case study on common terns Sterna hirundo, we test for life-long effects of cohort quality and within-cohort nest quality, but find no significant effects on long-term proxies of quality. Since other studies do find strong life-long effects of developmental conditions, we suggest that the brood reduction strategy adopted by common terns, causing the majority of offspring to die rapidly after hatching, efficiently reduces variation in offspring quality at independence. As such, a brood reduction strategy may contribute to reduced heterogeneity in adult survival in stochastic environments, both suggested to be more common and adaptive in long-lived species. Further study is required to assess heterogeneity in individual reproduction, especially in relation to environmental stochasticity and species' life-history strategies, in order to assess whether the relative strength of selection in early and late life may indeed affect the magnitude of heterogeneity in individual quality over life, and how this is mediated by parent-offspring conflict. [Vedder, Oscar; Bouwhuis, Sandra] Inst Avian Res Vogelwarte Helgoland, Vogelwarte 21, DE-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [Vedder, Oscar] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands Vedder, O (reprint author), Inst Avian Res Vogelwarte Helgoland, Vogelwarte 21, DE-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. oscarvedder@hotmail.com 'Veni' grant of the division Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [863.14.010] O. Vedder was supported by a 'Veni' grant (863.14.010) of the division Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). 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B. Life-history trade-offs vary with resource availability across the geographic range of a widespread plant PLANT BIOLOGY English Article Environmental stress; growth and reproduction costs; life-history theory; Plantago coronopus; species' distribution area; survival POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; PERENNIAL HERB; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROWTH; COSTS; EVOLUTION; ORCHID; SIZE; FECUNDITY Trade-offs between reproduction, growth and survival arise from limited resource availability in plants. Environmental stress is expected to exacerbate these negative correlations, but no studies have evaluated variation in life-history trade-offs throughout species geographic ranges. Here we analyse the costs of growth and reproduction across the latitudinal range of the widespread herb Plantago coronopus in Europe. We monitored the performance of thousands of individuals in 11 populations of P.coronopus, and tested whether the effects of growth and reproduction on a set of vital rates (growth, probability of survival, probability of reproduction and fecundity) varied with local precipitation and soil fertility. To account for variation in internal resources among individuals, we analysed trade-offs correcting for differences in size. Growth was negatively affected by previous growth and reproduction. We also found costs of growth and reproduction on survival, reproduction probability and fecundity, but only in populations with low soil fertility. Costs also increased with precipitation, possibly due to flooding-related stress. In contrast, growth was positively correlated with subsequent survival, and there was a positive covariation in reproduction between consecutive years under certain environments, a potential strategy to exploit temporary benign conditions. Overall, we found both negative and positive correlations among vital rates across P.coronopus geographic range. Trade-offs predominated under stressful conditions, and positive correlations arose particularly between related traits like reproduction investment across years. By analysing multiple and diverse fitness components along stress gradients, we can better understand life-history evolution across species' ranges, and their responses to environmental change. [Villellas, J.; Garcia, M. 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MAY 2018 20 3 483 489 10.1111/plb.12682 7 Plant Sciences Plant Sciences GC7YQ WOS:000430010500010 29247581 2018-11-12 J Troisi, A Troisi, Alfonso Psychotraumatology: What researchers and clinicians can learn from an evolutionary perspective SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY English Review Psychotraumatology; Psychosocial stressor; Evolutionary theory; Life history theory; Sexual selection; Goal priorities; Developmental plasticity; Predictive adaptive responses; Differential susceptibility POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; RECEPTOR GENE OPRM1; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; INFANT-DEATH; BRAIN; HEALTH; MODEL; PTSD; VULNERABILITY This review outlines the contribution of evolutionary science to experimental and clinical psychotraumatology. From an evolutionary perspective, traumatic and psychosocial stressors are conceived of as events or circumstances that thwart the achievement of biological goals. The more important is the adaptive value of the goal, the more painful is the emotional impact of the life event that endangers goal achievement. Life history theory and sexual selection theory help to explain why goal priorities differ between the sexes and across age groups. Cultural values and social learning interact with evolved inclinations in determining the hierarchy of goals for a specific person in a specific phase of his or her life. To illustrate the applicability of the evolutionary model, epidemiological and clinical data concerning individual differences in stress sensitivity and stress generation are reviewed and discussed. The final part of the review summarizes new hypotheses that explain how early and current psychosocial stressors can activate a series of adaptive mechanisms including developmental plasticity, predictive adaptive responses and differential susceptibility. Ultimately, the contribution of evolutionary science to psychotraumatology is the idea that experimental and clinical studies should shift the focus of research from the external environment (defined as all stressful factors external to the subjects under investigation) to the ecological environment (defined as those stressful factors of the external environment that have a greater potential to threaten the adaptive equilibrium of the subjects under investigation because of their evolved inclinations). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Josh Tradeoffs between immune function and childhood growth among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA English Article life history theory; energetics; phenotypic plasticity; inflammation; adaptive immunity C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; FAT OXIDATION; LIFE-HISTORY; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; MARKET INTEGRATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; LOWLAND BOLIVIA; SAO-PAULO; CHILDREN Immune function is an energetically costly physiological activity that potentially diverts calories away from less immediately essential life tasks. Among developing organisms, the allocation of energy toward immune function may lead to tradeoffs with physical growth, particularly in high-pathogen, low-resource environments. The present study tests this hypothesis across diverse timeframes, branches of immunity, and conditions of energy availability among humans. Using a prospective mixed-longitudinal design, we collected anthropometric and blood immune biomarker data from 261 Amazonian forager-horticulturalist Shuar children (age 4-11 y old). This strategy provided baseline measures of participant stature, s.c. body fat, and humoral and cell-mediated immune activity as well as subsample longitudinal measures of linear growth (1 wk, 3 mo, 20 mo) and acute inflammation. Multilevel analyses demonstrate consistent negative effects of immune function on growth, with children experiencing up to 49% growth reduction during periods of mildly elevated immune activity. The direct energetic nature of these relationships is indicated by (i) the manifestation of biomarker-specific negative immune effects only when examining growth over timeframes capturing active competition for energetic resources, (ii) the exaggerated impact of particularly costly inflammation on growth, and (iii) the ability of children with greater levels of body fat (i.e., energy reserves) to completely avoid the growth-inhibiting effects of acute inflammation. These findings provide evidence for immunologically and temporally diverse body fat-dependent tradeoffs between immune function and growth during childhood. We discuss the implications of this work for understanding human developmental energetics and the biological mechanisms regulating variation in human ontogeny, life history, and health. [Urlacher, Samuel S.; Pontzer, Herman] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10065 USA; [Ellison, Peter T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Sugiyama, Lawrence S.; Eick, Geeta; Gildner, Theresa E.; Snodgrass, J. Josh] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA; [Pontzer, Herman] Duke Univ, Dept Evolutionary Anthropol, Durham, NC 27708 USA; [Liebert, Melissa A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Cepon-Robins, Tara J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA Ellison, PT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. pellison@fas.harvard.edu Eick, Geeta/0000-0001-7512-3265 National Science Foundation [BCS-1340958, DGE-1144152]; Leakey Foundation; Harvard University; University of Oregon We thank the Shuar. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. APR 24 2018 115 17 E3914 E3921 10.1073/pnas.1717522115 8 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics GD7MZ WOS:000430697500010 29632170 2018-11-12 J Mededovic, J Mededovic, Janko Testing the state-dependent behavior models in humans: Environmental harshness moderates the link between personality and mating PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Behavioral ecology; State-dependent behavior; Life-history theory; HEXACO personality traits; Harsh environment LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; ANIMAL PERSONALITY; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; TRAITS; RISK; SOCIOSEXUALITY; PSYCHOPATHY; DIMENSIONS; MENARCHE; STRESS In behavioral ecology, state-dependent models are frequently used for the explanation of inter-individual variance in personality traits. Environmental characteristics are one of the external states which could influence this variance. The model predicts that environmental harshness should be related to fast life-history personality traits and that these traits should be more beneficial for fitness-related behavior in a harsh environment. In order to test the state-dependent behavior models in humans, we explored the relations between environmental harshness (exposure to long-term inter-group conflict), HEXACO personality traits and mating success (N = 204). We found that exposure to conflict is related to a fast life-history personality profile: lower Honesty, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, followed by higher Extraversion. Furthermore, interaction effects showed that high Extraversion and low Emotionality are related to higher mating success, but only in a harsh environment. All obtained results are in line with state-dependent models predictions. Research findings reveal the rich explanatory potential of behavioral ecological models in explaining key questions of human behavior, such as inter-individual variance in personality. [Mededovic, Janko] Inst Criminol & Sociol Res, Gracanicka 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia Mededovic, J (reprint author), Inst Criminol & Sociol Res, Gracanicka 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. janko.medjedovic@fmk.edu.rs Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia [47011] This research was funded by Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia via grant #47011. 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Individ. Differ. APR 15 2018 125 68 73 10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.035 6 Psychology, Social Psychology FW8CW WOS:000425555900011 2018-11-12 J Laine, AL; Makinen, H Laine, Anna-Liisa; Makinen, Hannu Life-history correlations change under coinfection leading to higher pathogen load EVOLUTION LETTERS English Article Disease biology; evolution of virulence; host genotype; host-pathogen interactions; life-history theory; pathogen genotype; virulence DIVERSE MALARIA INFECTIONS; TRADE-OFFS; PARASITE VIRULENCE; MULTIPLE INFECTION; DISEASE DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION; METAPOPULATION; GENOTYPE; AGGRESSIVENESS; CONSEQUENCES The ability of a parasite strain to establish and grow on its host may be drastically altered by simultaneous infection by other parasite strains. However, we still lack an understanding of how life-history allocations may change under coinfection, although life-history correlations are a critical mechanism restricting the evolutionary potential and epidemiological dynamics of pathogens. Here, we study how life-history stages and their correlations change in the obligate fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis under single infection and coinfection scenarios. We find increased pathogen loads under coinfection, but this is not explained by an enhanced performance at any of the life-history stages that constitute infections. Instead, we show that under coinfection the correlation between timing of sporulation and final pathogen load becomes positive. The changes in pathogen life-history allocations leading to more severe infections under coinfection can have far-reaching epidemiological consequences, as well as implication for our understanding of the evolution of virulence. [Laine, Anna-Liisa; Makinen, Hannu] Univ Helsinki, Res Programme Organismal & Evolutionary Biol, POB 65,Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland Laine, AL (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Res Programme Organismal & Evolutionary Biol, POB 65,Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. anna-liisa.laine@helsinki.fi Academy of Finland [250444, 133499]; European Research Council [281517] We want to thank K. Raveala for assistance in the inoculation study and C. Tollenaere for help in designing the qPCR primers. This work was supported by funding from the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 250444, 133499) and the European Research Council (Independent Starting grant PATHEVOL; 281517 and Consolidator grant RESISTANCE) to A-LL. 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Lett. APR 2018 2 2 126 133 10.1002/evl3.48 8 Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology GW3BK WOS:000446764700007 30283670 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Rubin, MJ; Friedman, J Rubin, Matthew J.; Friedman, Jannice The role of cold cues at different life stages on germination and flowering phenology AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY English Article climate; Erythranthe guttata; flowering time; genetic variation; germination; life history; local adaptation; Mimulus guttatus; stratification; vernalization ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA BRASSICACEAE; GUTTATUS SPECIES COMPLEX; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS; SEED-GERMINATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT; CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD; HISTORY CHARACTERS PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The timing of major phenological transitions is critical to lifetime fitness, and life history theory predicts differences for annual and perennial plants. To correctly time these transitions, many plants rely on environmental cues such as exposure to extended periods of cold, which may occur at different stages throughout their lifetime. METHODS: We studied the role of cold at different life stages, by jointly exposing seed (stratification) and rosettes (vernalization) to cold. We used 23 populations of Mimulus guttatus, which vary from annuals to perennials, and investigated how cold at one or both stages affected germination, flowering, growth, and biomass. KEY RESULTS: We found that stratification and vernalization interact to affect life cycle transitions, and that cold at either stage could synchronize flowering phenology. For perennials, either stratification or vernalization is necessary for maximum flowering. We also found that germination timing covaried with later traits. Moreover, plants from environments with dissimilar climates displayed different phenological responses to stratification or vernalization. CONCLUSIONS: In general, cold is more important for seed germination in annuals and plants from environments with warm temperatures and variable precipitation. In contrast, cold is more important for flowering in perennials: it accelerates flowering in plants from lower precipitation environments, and it increases flowering proportion in plants from cooler, more stable precipitation environments. We discuss our findings in the context of the variable environments plants experience within a population and the variation encountered across the biogeographic native range of the species. [Rubin, Matthew J.; Friedman, Jannice] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, 110 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA Rubin, MJ (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, 110 Coll Pl, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. mjrub100@syr.edu NSF [DEB-1354259] We are grateful to M. den Bakker, J. Darkwa, and R. Halloran for assistance with plant care. This research was supported by NSF grant DEB-1354259 to JF. Additionally, we thank F. X. 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We used robust-design surveys (2014-2015) to estimate abundance and demographic structure, and all captures recorded between 2007 and 2015 to estimate demographic rates. Catchment-wide riparian (CWR) forest predicted demography better than catchment or local riparian forest. Across space, sub-adult/adult abundance declined and demographic structure became increasingly skewed towards older adults as CWR forest declined. Demographic rates indicated sub-adults/adults were being lost from each reach at a similar rate and most populations remained stable over the period for which data were available (1-8 years per reach). Our findings suggest recruitment (via births, juvenile survival and/or immigration) of young age classes facilitated stability of high-density populations when CWR forest was relatively high. When CWR forest was lower, survivorship and longevity of old adults facilitated persistence of low-density populations for multiple years while recruitment of young age classes suffered. Fine sediment was not correlated with land use but water temperature, conductivity and pH declined as CWR forest increased, highlighting water quality as a possible mechanism linking forest cover to hellbender demography. Our findings suggest maintaining forest in upstream riparian areas is critical for conserving downstream biota, and emphasize the difficulty of detecting declines in long-lived species when environmental alterations act specifically on recruitment of young age classes. [Jachowski, Catherine M. Bodinof; Hopkins, William A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA; [Jachowski, Catherine M. 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Ruth; House, Clarissa M.; Sakaluk, Scott K.; del Castillo, Enrique; Hunt, John The Geometry of Nutrient Space-Based Life-History Trade-Offs: Sex-Specific Effects of Macronutrient Intake on the Trade-Off between Encapsulation Ability and Reproductive Effort in Decorated Crickets AMERICAN NATURALIST English Article dietary choice; geometric framework; Gryllodes sigillatus; immune function; reproductive effort; trade-offs IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GRYLLODES-SIGILLATUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; RESOURCE ACQUISITION; CONFIDENCE-REGIONS; PROTEIN COSTS; EVOLUTION; RESISTANCE; SELECTION Life-history theory assumes that traits compete for limited resources, resulting in trade-offs. The most commonly manipulated resource in empirical studies is the quantity or quality of diet. Recent studies using the geometric framework for nutrition, however, suggest that trade-offs are often regulated by the intake of specific nutrients, but a formal approach to identify and quantify the strength of such trade-offs is lacking. We posit that trade-offs occur whenever life-history traits are maximized in different regions of nutrient space, as evidenced by nonoverlapping 95% confidence regions of the global maximum for each trait and large angles () between linear nutritional vectors and Euclidean distances (d) between global maxima. We then examined the effects of protein and carbohydrate intake on the trade-off between reproduction and aspects of immune function in male and female Gryllodes sigillatus. Female encapsulation ability and egg production increased with the intake of both nutrients, whereas male encapsulation ability increased with protein intake but calling effort increased with carbohydrate intake. The trade-offs between traits was therefore larger in males than in females, as demonstrated by significant negative correlations between the traits in males, nonoverlapping 95% confidence regions, and larger estimates of and d. Under dietary choice, the sexes had similar regulated intakes, but neither optimally regulated nutrient intake for maximal trait expression. We highlight the fact that greater consideration of specific nutrient intake is needed when examining nutrient space-based trade-offs. [Rapkin, James; Jensen, Kim; Archer, C. Ruth; House, Clarissa M.; Hunt, John] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England; [Jensen, Kim] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Terr Ecol, Vejlsovej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; [House, Clarissa M.; Hunt, John] Western Sydney Univ, Sch Sci & Hlth, Hawkesbury Campus,Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; [House, Clarissa M.; Hunt, John] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Hawkesbury Campus,Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; [Sakaluk, Scott K.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA; [del Castillo, Enrique] Penn State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, 357 Leonhard Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [del Castillo, Enrique] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, 357 Leonhard Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA Hunt, J (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England.; Hunt, J (reprint author), Western Sydney Univ, Sch Sci & Hlth, Hawkesbury Campus,Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia.; Hunt, J (reprint author), Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Hawkesbury Campus,Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. J.Hunt@westernsydney.edu.au Jensen, Kim/0000-0003-0261-3831 National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-1118160, IOS-1654028]; Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship; Royal Society Fellowship [UF120087]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G00949X/1]; NERC; NSF [CMII 1634878]; [RG090854] S.K.S. was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF; IOS-1118160 and IOS-1654028). C.M.H. was funded by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. J.H. was funded by a Royal Society Fellowship (UF120087) and Equipment Grant (RG090854) and by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/G00949X/1). J.R. was funded by a NERC studentship (awarded to J.H.). E.D.C. was partially funded by NSF grant CMII 1634878. 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Nat. APR 2018 191 4 452 474 10.1086/696147 23 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA4GH WOS:000428287200005 29570407 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Wilson, KL; Honsey, AE; Moe, B; Venturelli, P Wilson, Kyle L.; Honsey, Andrew E.; Moe, Brian; Venturelli, Paul Growing the biphasic framework: Techniques and recommendations for fitting emerging growth models' METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Review Bayesian; growth estimation; hierarchical models; life-history theory; likelihood profiling; polyphasic growth; somatic growth LIFE-HISTORY; INDETERMINATE GROWTH; SOMATIC GROWTH; ESTIMATING AGE; GENERAL-MODEL; FISH; REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTION; FISHERIES; TRAJECTORIES 1. Several new growth models have been proposed to account for the life-history trade-offs that occur when indeterminately growing species allocate energy between somatic growth and reproduction. These models can improve the understanding of lifetime growth and life history, but can be more difficult to fit than conventional growth models. Increased data demands, multiple growth phases and increased parameterization all serve as barriers to the adoption and proper use of these new models. 2. We review and comment on confounding issues during model fitting for several of these models, and provide advice on surmounting such issues. We then simulation-test an example model, the Lester biphasic growth model, using several common fitting approaches. We highlight the biases and precision of each approach and provide guiding documents using r and jags code. 3. The Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo and likelihood profiling approaches generally provided the best fits. Simpler approaches can be unbiased and precise if sampled data are of relatively high quality (e.g. moderate sample sizes for juvenile and adult phases) and model assumptions are met. Bayesian hierarchical approaches can accommodate more complicated data scenarios (e.g. unbalanced design across multiple populations); we provide an example of such an approach by recovering growth trajectories and inferring growth-associated trait variation and environmental effects across multiple populations. 4. Conventional growth models provide limited inference on life history. Many biphasic growth models can provide direct inference on multiple life-history traits, but can be difficult to fit. The recommended approaches herein provide a path forward for fitting biphasic growth models in a variety of scenarios, allowing for wider application and tests of life history and ecological theory. 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Contributions of Age and Executive Function to Advanced Theory of Mind ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY English Article theory of mind; executive function; future thinking; emotion understanding MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; INHIBITORY CONTROL; WORKING-MEMORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FRONTAL-CORTEX; DAY-NIGHT; PRESCHOOLERS; ADULTS; CHILDREN A positive association between executive function (a set of higher order, self-regulatory cognitive skills) and theory of mind (beliefs about mental states) has been well documented during early childhood. As investigations extend beyond false belief understanding (that the mind can misrepresent reality), there is growing interest in examining contributions of executive function to more advanced aspects of theory of mind in older age groups. To add to this literature, we showed 4- to 10-year-olds and adults (N = 274) scenarios in which a perpetrator acted positively (P) and/or negatively (N) toward a focal character on two separate days (PP, NN, NP, and PN). Participants inferred focal characters' future-oriented mental states upon seeing perpetrators for the third time. Children and adults also completed executive function measures (working memory and inhibitory control). Both age and executive function independently predicted higher life history theory of mind: Recognition that prior life experiences influence how individuals think, feel, and make decisions about the future. [Lagattuta, Kristin Hansen; Tashjian, Sarah M.; Kramer, Hannah J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA Lagattuta, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. khlaga@ucdavis.edu National Science Foundation [0723375]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [2016207607]; Predoctoral Training Consortium in Affective Science from the National Institute of Mental Health [201302291] We thank the children and adults for participating in this study. As well, we thank the undergraduate research assistants and graduate students in the Mind-Emotion Development Lab.; This research was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation to K. H. Lagattuta (0723375). While writing this manuscript, as a graduate student at University of California, Los Angeles, S. M. Tashjian was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (2016207607). H. J. Kramer was supported by the Predoctoral Training Consortium in Affective Science from the National Institute of Mental Health (201302291). 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APR 2018 226 2 122 133 10.1027/2151-2604/a000328 12 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FZ0XU WOS:000427299400005 2018-11-12 J Csatho, A; Birkas, B Csatho, Arpad; Birkas, Bela Early-Life Stressors, Personality Development, and Fast Life Strategies: An Evolutionary Perspective on Malevolent Personality Features FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Review life history theory; early-life stress; fast life strategies; personality development; the Dark Triad DARK TRIAD NARCISSISM; HISTORY STRATEGIES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; DYING YOUNG; MACHIAVELLIANISM; CHILDHOOD; HEALTH; PSYCHOPATHY; ATTACHMENT; TRAITS Life history theory posits that behavioral adaptation to various environmental (ecological and/or social) conditions encountered during childhood is regulated by a wide variety of different traits resulting in various behavioral strategies. Unpredictable and harsh conditions tend to produce fast life history strategies, characterized by early maturation, a higher number of sexual partners to whom one is less attached, and less parenting of offspring. Unpredictability and harshness not only affects dispositional social and emotional functioning, but may also promote the development of personality traits linked to higher rates of instability in social relationships or more self-interested behavior. Similarly, detrimental childhood experiences, such as poor parental care or high parent-child conflict, affect personality development and may create a more distrustful, malicious interpersonal style. The aim of this brief review is to survey and summarize findings on the impact of negative early-life experiences on the development of personality and fast life history strategies. By demonstrating that there are parallels in adaptations to adversity in these two domains, we hope to lend weight to current and future attempts to provide a comprehensive insight of personality traits and functions at the ultimate and proximate levels. [Csatho, Arpad; Birkas, Bela] Univ Pecs, Inst Behav Sci, Med Sch, Pecs, Hungary Birkas, B (reprint author), Univ Pecs, Inst Behav Sci, Med Sch, Pecs, Hungary. bela.birkas@aok.pte.hu Hungarian Scientific Research Fund-OTKA [K 125437] This work was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund-OTKA (K 125437). 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MAR 12 2018 9 305 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00305 6 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FY9OG WOS:000427195500001 29593609 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Purzycki, BG; Ross, CT; Apicella, C; Atkinson, QD; Cohen, E; McNamara, RA; Willard, AK; Xygalatas, D; Norenzayan, A; Henrich, J Purzycki, Benjamin Grant; Ross, Cody T.; Apicella, Coren; Atkinson, Quentin D.; Cohen, Emma; McNamara, Rita Anne; Willard, Aiyana K.; Xygalatas, Dimitris; Norenzayan, Ara; Henrich, Joseph Material security, life history, and moralistic religions: A cross-cultural examination PLOS ONE English Article SUPERNATURAL PUNISHMENT; TRADE-OFF; FERTILITY; MORTALITY; EDUCATION; EVOLUTION; CONSEQUENCES; HYPOTHESIS; SOCIETIES; HUMANS Researchers have recently proposed that "moralistic" religions-those with moral doctrines, moralistic supernatural punishment, and lower emphasis on ritual-emerged as an effect of greater wealth and material security. One interpretation appeals to life history theory, predicting that individuals with "slow life history" strategies will be more attracted to moralistic traditions as a means to judge those with "fast life history" strategies. As we had reservations about the validity of this application of life history theory, we tested these predictions with a data set consisting of 592 individuals from eight diverse societies. Our sample includes individuals from a wide range of traditions, including world religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity, but also local traditions rooted in beliefs in animism, ancestor worship, and worship of spirits associated with nature. We first test for the presence of associations between material security, years of formal education, and reproductive success. Consistent with popular life history predictions, we find evidence that material security and education are associated with reduced reproduction. Building on this, we then test whether or not these demographic factors predict the moral concern, punitiveness, attributed knowledge-breadth, and frequency of ritual devotions towards two deities in each society. Here, we find no reliable evidence of a relationship between number of children, material security, or formal education and the individual-level religious beliefs and behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of why life-history theory is an inadequate interpretation for the emergence of factors typifying the moralistic traditions. [Purzycki, Benjamin Grant; Ross, Cody T.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany; [Apicella, Coren] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Atkinson, Quentin D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; [Atkinson, Quentin D.] Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist, Jena, Germany; [Cohen, Emma; Willard, Aiyana K.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England; [McNamara, Rita Anne] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; [Xygalatas, Dimitris] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA; [Norenzayan, Ara] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Henrich, Joseph] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Purzycki, BG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany. benjamin_purzycki@eva.mpg.de John Templeton Foundation; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [895-2011-1009] This work was supported by John Templeton Foundation (https://templeton.org/) and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (http://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/home-accueil-eng.aspx [grant #895-2011-1009]). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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A Content Analysis of Testosterone Websites: Sex, Muscle, and Male Age-Related Thematic Differences AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH English Article testosterone; androgen; life history theory; aging REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LIFE-HISTORIES; OLDER MEN; PRESCRIPTION; DEFICIENCY; EVOLUTION; TRENDS; METAANALYSIS; FATHERHOOD Male testosterone supplementation is a large and growing industry. How is testosterone marketed to male consumers online? The present exploratory study entailed a content coding analysis of the home pages of 49 websites focused on testosterone supplementation for men in the United States. Four hypotheses concerning anticipated age-related differences in content coding were also tested: more frequent longevity content toward older men, and more frequent social dominance/physical formidability, muscle, and sex content toward younger men. Codes were created based on inductive observations and drawing upon the medical, life history, and human behavioral endocrinology literatures. Approximately half (n = 24) of websites were oriented toward younger men (estimated audience of men 40 years of age or younger) and half (n = 25) toward older men (estimated audience over 40 years of age). Results indicated that the most frequent content codes concerned online sales (e.g., product and purchasing information). Apart from sales information, the most frequent codes concerned, in order, muscle, sex/sexual functioning, low T, energy, fat, strength, aging, and well-being, with all four hypotheses also supported. These findings are interpreted in the light of medical, evolutionary life history, and human behavioral endocrinology approaches. [Ivanov, Nicholas; Vuong, Jimmy; Gray, Peter B.] Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA Gray, PB (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Anthropol, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. peter.gray@unlv.edu Gray, Peter/0000-0003-1774-2468 Anderson KG, 2010, FATHERHOOD EVOLUTION; Araujo AB, 2011, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V96, P3007, DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-1137; Archer J, 2006, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V30, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.007; Aversa A, 2015, NAT REV UROL, V12, P641, DOI 10.1038/nrurol.2015.238; Bhasin S, 2005, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V90, P678, DOI 10.1210/jc.2004-1184; Bhasin S, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V335, P1, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199607043350101; Bhasin S, 2016, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V101, P827, DOI 10.1210/jc.2015-3843; Bhasin S, 2010, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V95, P2536, DOI 10.1210/jc.2009-2354; Brennan BP, 2013, AM J ADDICTION, V22, P158, DOI 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00311.x; Bribiescas R. 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By means of a comparative analysis of flight initiation distances (i.e., the distance at which an animal takes flight when a human being is approaching) across > 300 bird species distributed worldwide, we document here the existence of a POLS predicted by theory where slow-lived species tend to be more risk-averse than fast-lived species. This syndrome largely emerges from the influence of body mass, and is highly dependent on the environmental context. Accordingly, the POLS structure vanishes in urbanized environments due to slow-lived species adjusting their flight distances based on the perception of risk. While it is unclear whether changes in POLS reflect plastic and/or evolutionary adjustments, our findings highlight the need to integrate behavior into life history theory to fully understand how animals tolerate human-induced environmental changes. Significance statement Animals can often respond to changing environmental conditions by adjusting their behavior. However, the degree to which different species can modify their behavior depends on their life history strategy and on the environmental context. Species-specific perception of risk is a conspicuous example of adjustable behavior tightly associated with life history strategy. While there is a general tendency of higher risk aversion in rural than city-dwelling birds, it is dependent on the species' life history strategy. Slow-lived species are more prone to adjust their flight initiation distances based on the perception of risk, allowing humans to approach closer in urban than rural environments. Behavior must therefore be taken into account together with life history to reliably assess species' vulnerability at the face of ongoing environmental change. [Sol, Daniel; Maspons, Joan] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain; [Gonzalez-Voyer, Alejandro] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Lab Conducta Anim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico; [Gonzalez-Voyer, Alejandro] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Stockholm, Sweden; [Morales-Castilla, Ignacio] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Zsolt Garamszegi, Laszlo] Estn Biol Donana, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Ave Americo Vespucio 26, Seville 41092, Spain; [Moller, Anders Pape] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, AgroParisTech, Ecol Systemat Evolut,CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France Sol, D (reprint author), CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain.; Moller, AP (reprint author), Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, AgroParisTech, Ecol Systemat Evolut,CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. d.sol@creaf.uab.cat; anders.moller@u-psud.fr Garamszegi, Laszlo/M-1488-2015 Garamszegi, Laszlo/0000-0001-8920-2183 Spanish Government [CGL2013-47448-P]; Swedish Research Council [2013-4834]; PAPIIT [IA201716]; UNAM; Fonds de Recherches du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FQRNT) programme; Harvard University; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) [CGL2015-70639-P]; National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary) [K-115970] DS was supported by the project CGL2013-47448-P from the Spanish Government, AGV by project 2013-4834 from the Swedish Research Council and project IA201716 from PAPIIT, UNAM, IMC by the Fonds de Recherches du Quebec-Nature et Technologies (FQRNT) programme and by Harvard University, and LZG was supported by funds from The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) (CGL2015-70639-P) and The National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary) (K-115970). 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MAR 2018 72 3 UNSP 59 10.1007/s00265-018-2463-0 9 Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GB2EN WOS:000428864200020 2018-11-12 J Yanagihara, S; Suehiro, W; Mitaka, Y; Matsuura, K Yanagihara, Saki; Suehiro, Wataru; Mitaka, Yuki; Matsuura, Kenji Age-based soldier polyethism: old termite soldiers take more risks than young soldiers BIOLOGY LETTERS English Article task allocation; division of labour; ageing; social insects; life-history strategy DIVISION-OF-LABOR; PHEIDOLE-DENTATA; SOCIAL INSECTS; WORKERS; ANTS Who should take on risky tasks in an age-heterogeneous society? Life-history theory predicts that, in social insects, riskier tasks should be undertaken by sterile individuals with a shorter life expectancy. The loss of individuals with shorter life expectancy is less costly for colony reproductive success than the loss of individuals with longer life expectancy. Termite colonies have a sterile soldier caste, specialized defenders engaged in the most risky tasks. Here we show that termite soldiers exhibit age-dependent polyethism, as old soldiers are engaged in front-line defence more than young soldiers. Our nest defence experiment showed that old soldiers went to the front line and blocked the nest opening against approaching predatory ants more often than young soldiers. We also found that young soldiers were more biased toward choosing central nest defence as royal guards than old soldiers. These results demonstrate that termite soldiers have age-based task allocation, by which ageing predisposes soldiers to switch to more dangerous tasks. This age-dependent soldier task allocation increases the life expectancy of soldiers, allowing them to promote their lifetime contribution to colony reproductive success. [Yanagihara, Saki; Suehiro, Wataru; Mitaka, Yuki; Matsuura, Kenji] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Insect Ecol, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan Matsuura, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Lab Insect Ecol, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. kenjijpn@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp Matsuura, Kenji/0000-0002-9099-6694; Mitaka, Yuki/0000-0002-3399-3470 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Kiban Kenkyu S: 25221206] This work was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to K.M. (Kiban Kenkyu S: 25221206). 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Lett. MAR 2018 14 3 20180025 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0025 4 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA8DQ WOS:000428568700010 29514993 2018-11-12 J Dillon, KG; Conway, CJ Dillon, Kristen G.; Conway, Courtney J. Nest predation risk explains variation in avian clutch size BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY English Article elevational gradient; evolutionary constraints; offspring mortality; life-history evolution; phenotypic plasticity; predation risk manipulation; reproductive investment; resource availability LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; LITTER-SIZE; TROPICAL BIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD; PASSERINE BIRDS; SONG SPARROWS; TRADE-OFFS; STRATEGIES The risk that an animal's offspring are eaten by predators is thought to strongly influence an animal's decisions regarding reproductive effort. We found that birds breeding in locations with a high risk of nest predation laid fewer eggs than their conspecifics nesting in areas with a lower risk of nest predation. Montane birds nesting at higher elevations lay fewer eggs than at lower elevations because of the higher risk of nest predation at higher elevations.Questions about the ecological drivers of, and mechanistic constraints on, productivity have driven research on life-history evolution for decades. Resource availability and offspring mortality are considered among the 2 most important influences on the number of offspring per reproductive attempt. We used a factorial experimental design to manipulate food abundance and perceived offspring predation risk in a wild avian population (red-faced warblers; Cardellina rubrifrons) to identify the mechanistic cause of variation in avian clutch size. Additionally, we tested whether female quality helped explain the extant variation in clutch size. We found no support for the Food Limitation or Female Quality Hypotheses, but we did find support for both predictions of the Nest Predation Risk Hypothesis. Females that experienced an experimentally heightened perception of offspring predation risk responded by laying a smaller clutch than females in the control group. Additionally, predation rates at artificial nests were highest where red-faced warbler clutch size was smallest (at high elevations). Life-history theory predicts that an individual should invest less in reproduction when high nest predation risk reduces the likely benefit from that nesting attempt and, indeed, we found that birds exhibit phenotypic plasticity in clutch size by laying fewer eggs in response to increasing nest predation risk. [Dillon, Kristen G.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, BioSci East 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Dillon, Kristen G.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA Dillon, KG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, BioSci East 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.; Dillon, KG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 1141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. dillon@uidaho.edu National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant [DGE-1143953]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1143953] This work was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. DGE-1143953 and in-kind support from the U.S. Geological Survey.; R.D. and K.P. provided helpful feedback throughout this study. 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MAR-APR 2018 29 2 301 311 10.1093/beheco/arx130 11 Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology FZ8UL WOS:000427885600009 2018-11-12 J Helfrecht, C; Hagen, EH; DeAvila, D; Bernstein, RM; Dira, SJ; Meehan, CL Helfrecht, Courtney; Hagen, Edward H.; DeAvila, David; Bernstein, Robin M.; Dira, Samuel J.; Meehan, Courtney L. DHEAS patterning across childhood in three sub-Saharan populations: Associations with age, sex, ethnicity, and cortisol AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY English Article adrenarche; cortisol; DHEAS; life history theory; sub-Saharan Africa DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE LEVELS; PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION; HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; HAIR CORTISOL; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; STRESS-RESPONSE; HPA AXIS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES ObjectivesHormones have many roles in human ontogeny, including the timing of life history switch points' across development. Limited hormonal data exist from non-Western children, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the diversity of life history patterning. This cross-sectional study examines dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) production in relation to age, sex, ethnicity, and cortisol concentrations, as well as average age of adrenarche, among Aka and Ngandu children of the Central African Republic and Sidama children of Ethiopia. MethodsHair was collected from 480 children (160 per population) aged 3-18years old. These samples were analyzed for DHEAS and cortisol concentrations using ELISAs. A generalized additive model was used to examine DHEAS patterning in relation to age, sex, cortisol, and ethnicity. The derivative of DHEAS as a function of age was used to identify average age of adrenarche in each population. ResultsDHEAS patterning in these three populations is distinct from Euro-American patterns of production. In all three groups, the population-level age at adrenarche onset occurs slightly later than Euro-American averages, with both Central African populations experiencing a later onset than the Ethiopian population. ConclusionsDHEAS patterns and age at adrenarche vary across cultures, perhaps indicating adaptive life history responses in diverse eco-cultural environments. Delayed involution of the fetal zone and DHEAS patterning may offer both cognitive protection and immune defense in high-risk, nutritionally-poor environments. Additional research in the majority world is essential to improving our understanding of the diversity of hormonal development and timing of switch points' in life history trajectories. 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MAR-APR 2018 30 2 e23090 10.1002/ajhb.23090 17 Anthropology; Biology Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics FZ0CB WOS:000427233300016 29226590 2018-11-12 J Hentges, RF; Wang, MT Hentges, Rochelle F.; Wang, Ming-Te Gender Differences in the Developmental Cascade From Harsh Parenting to Educational Attainment: An Evolutionary Perspective CHILD DEVELOPMENT English Article DRUG PREVENTION PROGRAMS; HIGH-SCHOOL DROPOUT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EARLY ADOLESCENTS; MISSING DATA; PEER ORIENTATION; SEXUAL SELECTION; LIFE-HISTORY; BEHAVIOR; PREDICTORS This study utilized life history theory to test a developmental cascade model linking harsh parenting to low educational attainment. Multigroup models were examined to test for potential gender differences. The sample consisted of 1,482 adolescents followed up for 9years starting in seventh grade (M-age=12.74). Results supported indirect links between harsh parenting and low educational attainment through the development of extreme peer orientations, early sexual behavior, and delinquency. Among male adolescents, harsh parenting was related to the development of an extreme peer orientation, which further led to increased delinquency, and subsequently lower educational attainment. Among female adolescents, harsh parenting predicted extreme peer orientations, which increased both delinquency and early sexual behavior. Early sexual behavior further predicted lower educational attainment in female adolescents. 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MAR-APR 2018 89 2 397 413 10.1111/cdev.12719 17 Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental Psychology FY8KP WOS:000427113700016 28176329 2018-11-12 J van der Linden, D; Schermer, JA; de Zeeuw, E; Dunkel, CS; Pekaar, KA; Bakker, AB; Vernon, PA; Petrides, KV van der Linden, Dimitri; Schermer, Julie A.; de Zeeuw, Eveline; Dunkel, Curtis S.; Pekaar, Keri A.; Bakker, Arnold B.; Vernon, Philip A.; Petrides, K. V. Overlap Between the General Factor of Personality and Trait Emotional Intelligence: A Genetic Correlation Study BEHAVIOR GENETICS English Article General factor of personality; Trait emotional intelligence; Heritability; Twins; Genetic correlation; TEIQue LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; SOCIAL-EFFECTIVENESS; K-FACTOR; HERITABILITY; METAANALYSIS; STRATEGY; TWIN; INVENTORIES; COVITALITY; EPISTASIS A previous meta-analysis (Van der Linden et al., Psychol Bull 143:36-52, 2017) showed that the General Factor of Personality (GFP) overlaps with ability as well as trait emotional intelligence (EI). The correlation between trait EI and the GFP was so high (rho = 0.88) in that meta-analysis that these two may be considered virtually identical constructs. The present study builds on these findings by examining whether the strong phenotypic correlation between the GFP and trait EI has a genetic component. In a sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, the heritability estimates for the GFP and trait EI were 53 and 45%, respectively. Moreover, there was a strong genetic correlation of r = .90 between the GFP and trait EI. Additional analyses suggested that a substantial proportion of the genetic correlations reflects non-additive genetic effects (e.g., dominance and epistasis). These findings are discussed in light of evolutionary accounts of the GFP. [van der Linden, Dimitri; Pekaar, Keri A.; Bakker, Arnold B.] Erasmus Univ, Dept Psychol Educ & Child Studies, POB 9104, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands; [Schermer, Julie A.] Univ Western Ontario, Management & Org Studies, London, ON, Canada; [de Zeeuw, Eveline] Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Biol Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Vernon, Philip A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON, Canada; [Petrides, K. 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Genet. MAR 2018 48 2 147 154 10.1007/s10519-017-9885-8 8 Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology FY1FQ WOS:000426557700005 29264815 Other Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Pettersen, AK; White, CR; Bryson-Richardson, RJ; Marshall, DJ Pettersen, Amanda K.; White, Craig R.; Bryson-Richardson, Robert J.; Marshall, Dustin J. Does the cost of development scale allometrically with offspring size? FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article allometry; development; embryo size; geometric biology; maternal effect EGG-SIZE; METABOLIC-RATE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; POSTLARVAL PERFORMANCE; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; HATCHLING TURTLES; SEA-URCHIN; BODY-SIZE Within many species, larger offspring have higher fitness. While the presence of an offspring size-fitness relationship is canonical in life-history theory, the mechanisms that determine why this relationship exists are unclear. Linking metabolic theory to life-history theory could provide a general explanation for why larger offspring often perform better than smaller offspring. In many species, energy reserves at the completion of development drive differences in offspring fitness. Development is costly, so any factor that decreases energy expenditure during development should result in higher energy reserves and thus subsequently offspring fitness. Metabolic theory predicts that larger offspring should have relatively lower metabolic rates and thus emerge with a higher level of energy reserves (assuming developmental times are constant). The increased efficiency of development in larger offspring may therefore be an underlying driver of the relationship between offspring size and offspring fitness, but this has not been tested within species. To determine how the costs of development scale with offspring size, we measured energy expenditure throughout development in the model organism Danio rerio across a range of natural offspring sizes. We also measured how offspring size affects the length of the developmental period. We then examined how hatchling size and condition scale with offspring size. We find that larger offspring have lower mass-specific metabolic rates during development, but develop at the same rate as smaller offspring. Larger offspring also hatch relatively heavier and in better condition than smaller offspring. That the relative costs of development decrease with offspring size may provide a widely applicable explanation for why larger offspring often perform better than smaller offspring. 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Ecol. MAR 2018 32 3 762 772 10.1111/1365-2435.13015 11 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology FY0LX WOS:000426503900016 2018-11-12 J Callil, CT; Leite, MCS; Mateus, LAF; Jones, JW Callil, Claudia T.; Leite, Marilene C. S.; Mateus, LAcia A. F.; Jones, Jess W. Influence of the flood pulse on reproduction and growth of Anodontites trapesialis (Lamarck, 1819) (Bivalvia: Mycetopodidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil HYDROBIOLOGIA English Article Freshwater mussel; Reproduction; Life history tradeoff; Conservation; Wetland; Seasonal flood pulse; Pantanal; Brazil FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; MATO-GROSSO; CHILENSIS GRAY; PEARL MUSSEL; WADDEN SEA; RIVER; ALLOCATION; HYRIIDAE; LAKE Determining how, when, and why energy allocation occurs based on different life history traits, provides core knowledge for understanding evolution, ecology, and conservation of populations. We assumed that, in seasonal environments, Anodontites trapesialis, a common freshwater mussel in the Pantanal wetland, has to time its maturation, its larvae incubation time, and adjusts its breeding strategy seasonally. From histological analyses of gametes, larval count, and marginal increment of the shell rings, we present information about phenology and growth strategies to investigate the influence of environment and reproductive period on growth. We determined for the first time, asymptotic maximum size and longevity for this mussel. This species is a functional hermaphrodite, with maturation and spawning starting at the end of the flood period, when the water begins to recede and fishes return to the main river channel. The larvae, lasidium in this case, disperse on host fishes at this time. As we predicted, the flood pulse is the main regulatory factor to the growth patterns and reproductive period establishment. The species' life history traits are discussed in the context of life history theory as adaptive responses to the dynamic balance imposed by the seasonality of the Pantanal. [Callil, Claudia T.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Biol & Zool, EcoBiv Ecol & Conservat Freshwater Mussel Grp, Inst Biociencias, Ave Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil; [Leite, Marilene C. S.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Bot & Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil; [Mateus, LAcia A. F.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Inst Biociencias, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservacao Biodiversidad, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil; [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Callil, CT (reprint author), Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Biol & Zool, EcoBiv Ecol & Conservat Freshwater Mussel Grp, Inst Biociencias, Ave Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. callil@ufmt.br CNPq [246223/2012-0]; Institute of Biosciences; Graduate Program in Water Resources of UFMT We are grateful to CNPq Process No. 246223/2012-0 for the support provided during the post-doctoral and sabbatical period of C. Callil. Our thanks are also directed to the Institute of Biosciences and to the Graduate Program in Water Resources of UFMT for the financial support and logistics. We also are indebted to Manuel Lopes Lima, who invited and encouraged us to present these results at the II International Meeting of Biology and Freshwater Conservation of Bivalves, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A. Our many thanks to Professor Felipe Franco Curcio, from PPG of Zoology - UFMT, who reviewed the manuscript and made suggestions to improve it. The views expressed in this article are of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United States Fish and Wildlife. 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Measuring the Unmeasurable The Psychometrics of Life History Strategy HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Life history strategy; Ultimate-proximate distinction; Measurement models; Psychometrics; Formative models; Latent variables; Validity MEASUREMENT MODELS; K-FACTOR; MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCTS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; FORMATIVE MEASUREMENT; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; CAUSAL INDICATORS; LATENT-VARIABLES; TRADE-OFFS Within evolutionary biology, life-history theory is used to explain cross-species differences in allocation strategies regarding reproduction, maturation, and survival. Behavioral scientists have recently begun to conceptualize such strategies as a within-species individual characteristic that is predictive of behavior. Although life history theory provides an important framework for behavioral scientists, the psychometric approach to life-history strategy measurement-as operationalized by K-factors-involves conceptual entanglements. We argue that current psychometric approaches attempting to identify K-factors are based on an unwarranted conflation of functional descriptions and proximate mechanisms-a conceptual mix-up that may generate unviable hypotheses and invites misinterpretation of empirical findings. The assumptions underlying generic psychometric methodology do not allow measurement of functionally defined variables; rather these methods are confined to Mayr's proximate causal realm. We therefore conclude that K-factor scales lack validity, and that life history strategy cannot be identified with psychometrics as usual. To align theory with methodology, suggestions for alternative methods and new avenues are proposed. [Gruijters, Stefan L. 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FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; psychopathology; evolutionary psychology; expectations; mismatch; predicative adaptive responses CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; RISK-TAKING; STRESS; MODEL; PERSONALITY; PERSPECTIVE; PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION; TRAITS Despite advances in knowledge and thinking about using life history theory to explain psychopathology there is still a missing link. That is, we all have a life history strategy, but not all of us develop mental health problems. We propose that the missing link is expectations - a mismatch between expected environmental conditions (including social) set by variations in life history strategies and the current environmental conditions. The mismatch hypothesis has been applied at the biological level in terms of health and disease and we believe that it can also be applied more broadly at the psychological level in terms of perceived expectations in the social environment and the resulting distress psychopathology- that manifests when our expectations are not met. 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A., 2017, EVOL PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P109, DOI [10.1007/s40806-016-0077-1, DOI 10.1007/S40806-016-0077-1]; Zilioli S, 2016, PSYCHOL SCI, V27, P1249, DOI 10.1177/0956797616658287 58 0 0 1 4 FRONTIERS MEDIA SA LAUSANNE PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND 1664-1078 FRONT PSYCHOL Front. Psychol. FEB 6 2018 9 89 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00089 7 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FV0NF WOS:000424252600002 29467701 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Badas, EP; Martinez, J; Rivero-de Aguilar, J; Ponce, C; Stevens, M; Merino, S Badas, E. P.; Martinez, J.; Rivero-de Aguilar, J.; Ponce, C.; Stevens, M.; Merino, S. Colour change in a structural ornament is related to individual quality, parasites and mating patterns in the blue tit SCIENCE OF NATURE English Article Achromatic colouration; Body mass; Life-history theory; Sexual selection; Signalling; Structural colouration CURRENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MULTIPLE SEXUAL ORNAMENTS; FEMALE PIED FLYCATCHERS; LINEAR MIXED MODELS; PARUS-CAERULEUS; PLUMAGE COLORATION; TRADE-OFF; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; MEDICATION EXPERIMENT; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE Carry-over effects refer to processes that occur in one season and influence fitness in the following. In birds, two costly activities, namely reproduction and moult, are restricted to a small time window, and sometimes overlap. Thus, colour in newly moulted feathers is likely to be affected by the costs of reproduction. Using models of bird vision we investigated male colour change in a free-living population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in three sampling occasions: spring 1, winter and spring 2. We related crown, tail, breast and cheek feather colouration after the moult (winter) to the intensity of infections by blood parasites during reproduction (spring 1). In the following spring (spring 2), we explored mating patterns with respect to changes in feather colour (springs 1 vs. 2). Males that were less intensely infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium while breeding showed purer white cheek feathers in winter, which may indicate higher feather quality. Increased brightness in the white cheek was associated with better body condition during reproduction. In the following season, males with brighter cheeks paired with females that had noticeably brighter cheek patches compared to the male's previous mate. These results suggest that the conditions experienced during reproduction are likely to affect moult and thus feather colouration, at least in the white patch. High quality individuals may allocate resources efficiently during reproduction increasing future reproductive success through variation in mating patterns. Carry-over effects from reproduction might extend not only to the non-breeding phase, but also to the following breeding season. [Badas, E. P.; Ponce, C.; Merino, S.] Natl Museum Nat Sci, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain; [Martinez, J.; Rivero-de Aguilar, J.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Biomed & Biotechnol, Ctra Madrid Barcelona Km 33600, Madrid 28871, Spain; [Stevens, M.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England Badas, EP (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Sci, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. 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FEB 2018 105 1-2 17 10.1007/s00114-018-1539-z 12 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics FY0TY WOS:000426526000014 29404701 2018-11-12 J Soulsbury, CD; Siitari, H; Lebigre, C Soulsbury, Carl D.; Siitari, Heli; Lebigre, Christophe Stabilising selection on immune response in male black grouse Lyrurus tetrix OECOLOGIA English Article Ecological immunology; ELISA; Immunocompetance; Life history theory; Stabilising selection MALE MATING SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; PARASITE RESISTANCE; HYGROLYCOSA-RUBROFASCIATA; ANTIBODY RESPONSIVENESS; SYSTEM ACTIVATION; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEXUAL SELECTION Illnesses caused by a variety of micro- and macro- organisms can negatively affect individuals' fitness, leading to the expectation that immunity is under positive selection. However, immune responses are costly and individuals must trade-off their immune response with other fitness components (e.g. survival or reproductive success) meaning that individuals with intermediate response may have the greatest overall fitness. Such a process might be particularly acute in species with strong sexual selection because the condition-dependence of male secondary sexual-traits might lead to striking phenotypic differences amongst males of different immune response levels. We tested whether there is selection on immune response by survival and reproduction in yearling and adult male black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) following an immune challenge with a novel antigen and tested the hypothesis that sexual signals and body mass are honest signals of the immune response. We show that yearling males with highest immune response to these challenges had higher survival, but the reverse was true for adults. Adults with higher responses had highest mass loss and adult males with intermediate immune response had highest mating success. Tail length was related to baseline response in adults and more weakly in yearlings. Our findings reveal the complex fitness consequences of mounting an immune response across age classes. Such major differences in the direction and magnitude of selection in multiple fitness components is an alternative route underpinning the stabilising selection of immune responses with an intermediate immune response being optimal. [Soulsbury, Carl D.] Univ Lincoln, Sch Life Sci, Lincoln, England; [Siitari, Heli] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, POB 35, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland; [Lebigre, Christophe] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29820 Plouzane, France Soulsbury, CD (reprint author), Univ Lincoln, Sch Life Sci, Lincoln, England. csoulsbury@lincoln.ac.uk Soulsbury, Carl/0000-0001-8808-5210 Academy of Finland [7211271]; Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Ecology We are greatly indebted to the late Rauno Alatalo and to Janne Kilpimaa, who were instrumental in designing this study, and carrying out the field experiment. We thank Panu Halme, Matti Halonen, Heikki Helle, Jenni Hamalainen, Laura Hasa, Gilbert Ludwig, Eeli Mykkanen, Elina Rantanen, and Raimo Saunanen for assistance in the field work and Ilmari Jokinen and Elina Virtanen for ELISA assay. This study was funded by the Academy of Finland (7211271) and the Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Ecology. 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cliff swallow; ectoparasites; first-year survival; life-history trade-offs; nestling mass; survival selection INDIVIDUAL GREAT TITS; BODY-SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; HOST SIZE; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; COLONIAL BIRD; FLEDGING MASS; CLUTCH SIZE; STABILIZING SELECTION; OECIACUS-VICARIUS A challenge of life-history theory is to explain why animal body size does not continue to increase, given various advantages of larger size. In birds, body size of nestlings and the number of nestlings produced (brood size) have occasionally been shown to be constrained by higher predation on larger nestlings and those from larger broods. Parasites also are known to have strong effects on life-history traits in birds, but whether parasitism can be a driver for stabilizing selection on nestling body size or brood size is unknown. We studied patterns of first-year survival in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in western Nebraska in relation to brood size and nestling body mass in nests under natural conditions and in those in which hematophagous ectoparasites had been removed by fumigation. Birds from parasitized nests showed highest first-year survival at the most common, intermediate brood-size and nestling-mass categories, but cliff swallows from nonparasitized nests had highest survival at the heaviest nestling masses and no relationship with brood size. A survival analysis suggested stabilizing selection on brood size and nestling mass in the presence (but not in the absence) of parasites. Parasites apparently favour intermediate offspring size and number in cliff swallows and produce the observed distributions of these traits, although the mechanisms are unclear. Our results emphasize the importance of parasites in life-history evolution. [Brown, Charles R.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, 800 S Tucker Dr, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA; [Brown, Mary Bomberger] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, 800 S Tucker Dr, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. charles-brown@utulsa.edu National Science Foundation [BSR-8600608, BSR-9015734, DEB-9613638, IBN-9974733, DEB-0075199, DEB-0514824, DEB-1019423, DEB-1453971, IOS-1556356]; National Institutes of Health [R01AI057569]; National Geographic Society; Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation; National Academy of Sciences; Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; American Philosophical Society; Sigma Xi; University of Tulsa; Yale University; Princeton University We thank numerous research assistants for help in the field; Erin Roche for organizing data; the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for use of the Cedar Point Biological Station; the Oren Clary family, Duane Dunwoody, Dave and Deb Knight, Loren Soper and the Union Pacific Railroad for access to land; and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (BSR-8600608, BSR-9015734, DEB-9613638, IBN-9974733, DEB-0075199, DEB-0514824, DEB-1019423, DEB-1453971, IOS-1556356), the National Institutes of Health (R01AI057569), the National Geographic Society, the Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences, the Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, the American Philosophical Society, Sigma Xi, the University of Tulsa, Yale University and Princeton University. 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Evol. Biol. FEB 2018 31 2 254 266 10.1111/jeb.13218 13 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity FV0OG WOS:000424255500007 29194840 2018-11-12 J Roberts, BW Roberts, Brent W. A Revised Sociogenomic Model of Personality Traits JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY English Article Evolutionary theory; personality change; personality development; personality traits; sociogenomic model HONEY-BEE AGGRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SITUATION DEBATE; LIFE; ADULTHOOD; BEHAVIOR; METAANALYSIS; ADOLESCENCE; NEUROTICISM; TRANSITION In this article, I seek to update the sociogenomic model of personality traits (Roberts & Jackson, 2008). Specifically, I seek to outline a broader and more comprehensive theoretical perspective on personality traits than offered in the original version of the sociogenomic model of personality traits. First, I review the major points of our 2008 article. 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PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Flynn effect; Life history theory; Arabic; IQ; Intelligence STANDARD PROGRESSIVE MATRICES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SAUDI-ARABIA; INTELLIGENCE; NORMS; BRAIN; LIBYA; IQ; ADOLESCENTS; EDUCATION Previous research indicates that the typical increase in IQ during childhood is greater in European countries than in Arab countries. A systematic literature review of age-dependent IQ in Arab countries is conducted, yielding relevant studies for 12 countries that fulfil the inclusion criteria. In almost all of these studies, Arab children exhibit an age-dependent IQ decline relative to Caucasian children, from 5 to about 12 years of age in particular. We term this phenomenon the Simber Effect. We propose two non-exclusive explanations. (1) The Flynn Effect is less intense in Arab countries because of localised differences, including poorer education quality and greater religiosity. (2) Those from Arab countries follow a faster Life History Strategy than Europeans, for environmental and possibly genetic reasons. Either way, the Simber Effect may amount to a Wilson Effect, meaning that the impact of genetic IQ increases with age. [Bakhiet, Salaheldin Farah Attallah; Essa, Yossry Ahmed Sayed; Blahmar, Tahani Abdulrahman Muhammad; Hakami, Sultan Mohammed] King Saud Univ, Dept Special Educ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; [Dutton, Edward] Ulster Inst Social Res, London, England; [Ashaer, Khalil Yousif Ali] Najran Univ, Dept Special Educ, Najran, Saudi Arabia; [Madison, Guy] Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden Bakhiet, SFA (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Dept Special Educ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. slh9999@yahoo.com; ysayed@ksu.edu.sa; tbalahmar@ksu.edu.sa; guy.madison@umu.se Madison, Guy/0000-0001-5366-1169 King Saud University [RGP-1438-007] The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through Research Group no. 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Investigating Relationships between Reproduction, Immune Defenses, and Cortisol in Dall Sheep FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY English Article allocation theory; carryover effect; constitutive immunity; glucocorticoids; immune defenses; Ovis dalli dalli; reproduction; trade-offs LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; TRADE-OFFS; CHRONIC STRESS; BIGHORN SHEEP; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; LARGE HERBIVORES; WILD IMMUNOLOGY Life-history theory is fundamental to understanding how animals allocate resources among survival, development, and reproduction, and among traits within these categories. Immediate trade-offs occur within a short span of time and, therefore, are more easily detected. Trade-offs, however, can also manifest across stages of the life cycle, a phenomenon known as carryover effects. We investigated trade-offs on both time scales in two populations of Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in Southcentral Alaska. Specifically, we (i) tested for glucocorticoid-mediated carryover effects from the breeding season on reproductive success and immune defenses during parturition and (ii) tested for trade-offs between immune defenses and reproduction within a season. We observed no relationship between cortisol during mating and pregnancy success; however, we found marginal support for a negative relationship between maternal cortisol and neonate birth weights. Low birth weights, resulting from high maternal cortisol, may result in low survival or low fecundity for the neonate later in life, which could result in overall population decline. We observed a negative relationship between pregnancy and bacterial killing ability, although we observed no relationship between pregnancy and haptoglobin. Study site affected bactericidal capacity and the inflammatory response, indicating the influence of external factors on immune responses, although we could not test hypotheses about the cause of those differences. This study helps advance our understanding of the plasticity and complexity of the immune system and provides insights into the how individual differences in physiology may mediate differences in fitness. 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JAN 31 2018 9 105 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00105 11 Immunology Immunology FU2QW WOS:000423696100001 29445376 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Zhang, LX; An, D; He, YX; Li, ZB; Fang, BH; Chen, XH; Lu, X Zhang, Lixia; An, Dong; He, Yuxiao; Li, Zhibing; Fang, Bohao; Chen, Xiaohong; Lu, Xin Variation in testis weight of the Tibetan toad Scutiger boulengeri along a narrow altitudinal gradient ANIMAL BIOLOGY English Article Altitude; anurans; asymmetry; energy allocation; life history; sperm competition LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; SPERM COMPETITION; BODY-SIZE; RANA-TEMPORARIA; REPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; CONDITION DEPENDENCE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION Life-history theory predicts that organisms inhabiting harsh environments such as high altitudes should invest less in reproduction and more in survival. Testis size is associated with the intensity of male-male competition for mating and thus may be treated as an indicator of male reproductive investment. Hence, it may be expected that organisms will reduce their testis size with increasingly harsh environments. Here we test this prediction in a toad species, Scutiger boulengeri, endemic to the Tibetan plateau using data from three populations located at altitudes of 4078, 4276, and 4387 m. Consistent with the prediction, male toads exhibited smaller testes at higher altitudes, despite the relatively narrow altitudinal span. It is likely that cold climates and strong seasonality constrain the ability of high-altitude male toads to allocate more energy into reproduction, thereby leading to small testis size. In addition, the left testis was significantly heavier than the right one and the degree of size asymmetry was unrelated to either altitude or body condition. [Zhang, Lixia; An, Dong; He, Yuxiao; Li, Zhibing; Chen, Xiaohong] Henan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Ecol, Xinxiang 453007, Peoples R China; [Fang, Bohao; Lu, Xin] Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Ecol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China Lu, X (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Ecol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. luxinwh@163.com Joint Funds for Fostering Talents of NSFC; People's Government of Henan Province [U1304309]; National Sciences Foundation of China [31501870]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Doctor of Henan Normal University [qd12132] Thanks to Xiaowen Lv and Zhe Gao for laboratory assistance. This study was supported by the Joint Funds for Fostering Talents of NSFC and the People's Government of Henan Province (No. U1304309), National Sciences Foundation of China (No. 31501870), and Scientific Research Foundation for the Doctor of Henan Normal University (No. qd12132). 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Biol. 2018 68 4 429 439 10.1163/15707563-17000016 11 Zoology Zoology GW5RU WOS:000446995400007 2018-11-12 J Baumard, N Baumard, Nicolas Increased affluence, life history theory, and the decline of shamanism BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Editorial Material I applaud Singh's proposition to use evolutionary psychology to explain the recurrence of shamanistic beliefs. Here, I suggest that evolutionary mechanisms (i.e., life history theory) also can explain the variability of the distribution of shamanism. When resources are abundant, individuals become more patient and more open minded to the point that science becomes cognitively attractive and may replace magic. [Baumard, Nicolas] Ecole Normale Super, Inst Etud Cognit, F-75005 Paris, France Baumard, N (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Inst Etud Cognit, F-75005 Paris, France. nbaumard@gmail.com 0 0 0 1 1 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2018 41 e67 10.1017/S0140525X17001984 1 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GF0DM WOS:000431600100032 2018-11-12 J Beit-Hallahmi, B Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin Increased affluence, life history theory, and the decline of shamanism BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Editorial Material I applaud Singh's proposition to use evolutionary psychology to explain the recurrence of shamanistic beliefs. Here, I suggest that evolutionary mechanisms (i.e., life history theory) also can explain the variability of the distribution of shamanism. When resources are abundant, individuals become more patient and more open minded to the point that science becomes cognitively attractive and may replace magic. [Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin] Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel Beit-Hallahmi, B (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel. benny@psy.haifa.ac.il 0 0 0 0 0 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2018 41 2 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GF0DM WOS:000431600100033 2018-11-12 J Krupic, D; Banai, B; Corr, PJ Krupic, Dino; Banai, Benjamin; Corr, Philip J. Relations Between the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Self-Reported Life History Traits JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article reinforcement sensitivity theory; evolution; life history theory; behavioral approach system REINFORCEMENT SENSITIVITY THEORY; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; SOCIAL DEVIANCE; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY; STRATEGY; EVOLUTION; PERSPECTIVE; INHIBITION; DIMENSIONS The behavioral approach system (BAS) has been shown to be important in everyday life. However, its putative evolutionary origins have not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between BAS processes and life history strategies, or lifestyles, within life history theory. The BAS scales were assessed by the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) and Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ-20), while lifestyles were measured by the Mini-K. Data from 457 participants (173 males) were analyzed by structural equation modelling, followed by set correlation to examine personality and Mini-K relationships. The structural model showed that RST-PQ Reward Interest, Goal-Drive Persistence and Reward Reactivity correlated with a slow lifestyle, while RST-PQ Impulsivity and (SPSRQ) Sensitivity to Reward (SR) did not correlate with the Mini-K. However, set correlation analysis revealed that SR correlated negatively with the Mini-K subscale Experience in romantic relationship and highlighted the importance of Insight, planning, and control in explaining the role of the BAS within slow lifestyle strategy. The findings are discussed in terms of possible evolutionary origins of the BAS. 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Differ. 2018 39 2 115 122 10.1027/1614-0001/a000256 8 Psychology, Social Psychology GB6YN WOS:000429221500006 2018-11-12 J Demetrio, GR; Coelho, FD Demetrio, Guilherme Ramos; Coelho, Flavia de Freitas The role of soil conditions on Leiothrix (Eriocaulaceae) endemic species distribution and abundance on campos rupestres FLORA English Article Habitat filtering; Life-history theory; OCBIL theory; Plant-soil relationships SOUTH-EASTERN BRAZIL; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; COEXISTENCE; GRASSLANDS; STRATEGIES; SPIRALIS; VIVIPARA; HABITAT; COMMON Soil influence on plant ecological patterns and processes may be more pronounced in areas where microenvironmental heterogeneity is higher, especially if these habitats are ancient, climatically buffered, and infertile, as the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipo. Leiothrix (Korn.) Ruhland is a largely distributed genus of Eriocaulaceae family at Serra do Cipo. Here, we hypothesized that different species would colonize sites with different soil conditions. To examine if soil conditions are drivers of Leiothrix species distribution and abundance, we sampled soils in quadrats with the presence and absence of ramets of four sympatric Leiothrix species and counted the ramets number for each sampling unit. Differences between soils with and without Leiothrix ramets were tested using discriminant analyses and soil influences on ramet abundance were examined using general linear mixed models. We found that sites with Leiothrix presence do not show different soil conditions compared to sites without any Leiothrix species, what suggests that dispersal limitation is the primary process driving Leiothrix distribution. However, when comparing soils with Leiothrix presence, we found that different species inhabits different soil conditions, indicating that different species may show some degree of habitat specialization. We conclude that differences in soil factors are one of the drivers of Leiothrix spp. distribution and abundance patterns on the campos rupestres, and that life-history traits are the mechanism underlying these patterns. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. [Demetrio, Guilherme Ramos; Coelho, Flavia de Freitas] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, Setor Ecol & Conservacao, Programa Posgrad Ecol Aplicada, Campus Univ S-N, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil Demetrio, GR (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, Setor Ecol & Conservacao, Programa Posgrad Ecol Aplicada, Campus Univ S-N, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. gramosdemetrio@gmail.com; flaviafcoelho@gmail.com CAPES We thank the two anonymous reviewers, and the handling editor Dr. Fernando Silveira, for the valuable and kind suggestions. We also thank Alex John and Marina Louzada for the language review. 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N., 2002, MODERN APPL STAT S; Weerasinghe SM, 2010, J NATL SCI FOUND SRI, V38, P171; Weihs C, 2005, ST CLASS DAT ANAL, P335; Wilson JB, 2011, J VEG SCI, V22, P184, DOI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01226.x; Xu H, 2015, J ECOL, V103, P1325, DOI 10.1111/1365-2745.12442; Yost JM, 2012, AM J BOT, V99, P890, DOI 10.3732/ajb.1100521; Zuur AF, 2010, METHODS ECOL EVOL, V1, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x 51 1 1 1 1 ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG JENA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY 0367-2530 1618-0585 FLORA Flora JAN 2018 238 SI 87 93 10.1016/j.flora.2017.03.014 7 Plant Sciences; Ecology Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology FX9TY WOS:000426451700010 2018-11-12 J MacKay, AE; Forsyth, DM; Coulson, G; Festa-Bianchet, M MacKay, Allison E.; Forsyth, David M.; Coulson, Graeme; Festa-Bianchet, Marco Maternal resource allocation adjusts to timing of parturition in an asynchronous breeder BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Article Early growth rate; Income or capital breeding; Life-history theory; Maternal effects EASTERN GREY KANGAROOS; GESTATION LENGTH; MACROPUS-GIGANTEUS; POUCH YOUNG; GROWTH-RATE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INCOME BREEDER; TAMMAR WALLABY; BIGHORN EWES; BIRTH-WEIGHT Environmental variation affects foraging decisions and resources available for allocation among competing life-history traits. In seasonal environments, variation in breeding phenology leads to differences in relative timing of resource intake and expenditure, which can lead to variation in maternal allocation tactics. Monitoring maternal allocation to fetal growth in wild mammals is challenging, however, and few studies have linked seasonal effects of forage and maternal condition to early offspring development. Asynchronous parturition and short gestation make kangaroos ideal for studying phenological effects on very early growth, since pouch young born in different seasons can be measured during stages equivalent to in utero development for eutherian mammals. Over 4 years, we recaptured 68 eastern grey kangaroomother-young pairs with parturition dates spanning 5 months to evaluate how birthdate affects maternal allocation to offspring growth before pouch exit. Structural equation modeling revealed that mothers that gave birth in autumn gained mass during lactation, and their young grew faster than young born in early summer. When later lactation coincided with poor winter forage and cold temperatures, mothers prioritized maintenance of their own mass over offspring growth. Differences in maternal mass change and allocation to early and late-born young suggest that seasonal resource availability influenced tactics of resource storage and expenditure. Our results provide a mechanistic link between reproductive phenology, seasonal forage, and allocation trade-offs in wild mammals, and demonstrate a clear effect of maternal mass change on growth of young during a phase that occurs in utero for eutherian mammals. Significance statement Capital and income breeding are often presented as opposing tactics of resource provisioning. Many species, however, use a combination of stored and concurrent resources to reproduce. In seasonal environments, reproductive phenology should affect the relative timing of resource acquisition and expenditure, which could affect maternal allocation to offspring. We used repeated captures of mother-young kangaroo pairs and path analysis to explain how maternal allocation tactics adjust to season of parturition. Mothers that timed later lactation with cold weather and low winter forage relied more heavily on stored resources for reproduction and allocated less to offspring growth. Flexibility in foraging tactics may explain the variability in kangaroo parturition date by allowing mothers to use stored energy to sustain reproduction during periods of scarce forage. [MacKay, Allison E.; Festa-Bianchet, Marco] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, 2500 Blvd Univ, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [MacKay, Allison E.; Festa-Bianchet, Marco] McGill Univ, Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Dept Biol, Stewart Biol Bldg,1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada; [Forsyth, David M.; Coulson, Graeme; Festa-Bianchet, Marco] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; [Forsyth, David M.] New South Wales Dept Primary Ind, Vertebrate Pest Res Unit, 1447 Forest Rd, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia MacKay, AE (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, 2500 Blvd Univ, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.; MacKay, AE (reprint author), McGill Univ, Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Dept Biol, Stewart Biol Bldg,1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. allison.mackay@Usherbrooke.ca Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Program [LP0560344]; Ministere de l'Education, du Loisir et du Sport of Quebec (MELS); Parks Victoria; Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science; University of Melbourne; Universite de Sherbrooke This research was supported financially by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Program (LP0560344), the Ministere de l'Education, du Loisir et du Sport of Quebec (MELS), Parks Victoria, the Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science, the University of Melbourne and the Universite de Sherbrooke. We appreciate the logistic support of Parks Victoria. 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Ecol. Sociobiol. JAN 2018 72 1 UNSP 7 10.1007/s00265-017-2419-9 10 Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology FU4XG WOS:000423855300007 2018-11-12 J Tran, J; Aksenov, V; Rollo, CD Tran, Jonathan; Aksenov, Vadim; Rollo, C. David A multi-ingredient athletic supplement disproportionately enhances hind leg musculature, jumping performance, and spontaneous locomotion in crickets (Acheta domesticus) ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA English Article life history; nutrition; survivorship; exercise mimetic; Orthoptera; Gryllidae LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; COMPLEX DIETARY-SUPPLEMENT; FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES; ACETYL-L-CARNITINE; ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRADE-OFFS; CALORIC RESTRICTION; HOUSE CRICKET; BODY-SIZE Nutrition is a key component of life-history theory with profound impacts on fitness traits. We examined lifetime impacts of a multi-ingredient athletic supplement (MAS) on physical performance, anatomical morphology, survivorship, and general life-history features in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). The MAS was formulated using 13 nutraceutical supplements that are commonly used by human athletes specifically to improve athletic performance. Cricket doses were based on human doses adjusted for body size and metabolic rate. Markers of athletic performance included: jumping distance, spontaneous locomotor activity, and morphology of the hind legs (femurs). Supplemented adult crickets jumped ca. 25% further and expressed elevated spontaneous locomotion relative to controls. The MAS disproportionately increased hind leg femur length and width. Life-history endpoints included survivorship, juvenile growth rate, maturation age, and mature body size. Supplemented crickets showed faster juvenile growth and earlier maturation, but no change in final adult size. A 20% increase in mean survivorship (extending into older ages) was also documented. Crickets represent an excellent new model for assessing athletic diets and associated performance criteria. Finally, as experimental animals were untrained, we argue that our supplement may represent a novel exercise mimetic' that impacts both performance and survivorship. [Tran, Jonathan; Aksenov, Vadim; Rollo, C. David] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada Tran, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. tranjb2@mcmaster.ca Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-5693-2015] This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-5693-2015). 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Exp. Appl. JAN 2018 166 1 SI 63 73 10.1111/eea.12642 11 Entomology Entomology FV0HS WOS:000424237200008 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Braimoh, B; Iwajomo, S; Wilson, M; Chaskda, A; Ajang, A; Cresswell, W Braimoh, Bukola; Iwajomo, Soladoye; Wilson, Mark; Chaskda, Adams; Ajang, Afan; Cresswell, Will Managing human disturbance: factors influencing flight-initiation distance of birds in a West African nature reserve OSTRICH English Article conservation buffer; escape distance; flight-initiation distance; human disturbance; setback distance LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ECONOMIC ESCAPE THEORY; BUFFER-ZONE DISTANCES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PREDATION RISK; LAGONOSTICTA-SANGUINODORSALIS; SCIURUS-CAROLINENSIS; RESPONSE DISTANCES; STARTING DISTANCE; TRINGA-TOTANUS Escape behaviour in response to perceived predators can be employed as a guide when designating protected areas around sensitive bird species to minimise the impact of human disturbance. A key measure of escape response is flight-initiation distance (FID), the distance at which a prey animal initiates its escape when approached by a potential predator. We tested the predictions of optimal escape theory by determining the factors that influence FID of bird species in a Nigerian reserved area and its surrounding habitats, and so the potential utility of FID in managing human disturbance on birds, for the first time within a West African context. We tested how FID varied with group size, proximity to vegetation acting as protective cover, levels of human use, and survival rate, and whether these relationships varied by species. We collected 504 FIDs for seven bird species in Amurum Forest Reserve and its surrounding habitats (Jos, Nigeria). The FID was lower in larger groups and when species were closer to protective cover. The FID was lower outside of the protected area because animals in sites with higher levels of human presence and use may become habituated. The FID was higher for species with higher survival, being consistent with predictions from life history theory. Overall, birds perceived humans as a potential threat and responded in accordance to the predictions of optimal escape theory, with FID increasing with increased cost of staying. Reserve managers in Africa could use species- and context-specific FIDs to designate buffer distances for the protection of wildlife from human disturbance. [Braimoh, Bukola; Chaskda, Adams; Ajang, Afan; Cresswell, Will] Univ Jos, AP Leventis Ornithol Res Inst, Jos, Nigeria; [Braimoh, Bukola] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Anim Demog Unit, Cape Town, South Africa; [Iwajomo, Soladoye] Univ Lagos, Dept Zool, Fac Sci, Akoka, Yaba, Nigeria; [Wilson, Mark] Univ Stirling, British Trust Ornithol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland; [Cresswell, Will] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Biol Divers, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland Braimoh, B (reprint author), Univ Jos, AP Leventis Ornithol Res Inst, Jos, Nigeria.; Braimoh, B (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Anim Demog Unit, Cape Town, South Africa. godsbatlax@yahoo.ca SCCS Miriam Rothschild Travel Bursary Programme; Leventis Conservation Foundation The authors would like to thank the AP Leventis Ornithological Research Institute (APLORI) for help with logistics. We acknowledge field visits made by Manu Shiiwua and Ulf Ottosson. 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Life history theory predicts that harsh environments are likely to select for larger egg or offspring size, and for a stronger trade-off between offspring size and number. To test this prediction, we compared life history traits among 11 plateau brown frog (Rana kukunoris) populations at different altitudes. We found that females with a concomitant increase in body size produce larger eggs and more offspring in warm environments than females in cold environments do. Moreover, females from two natural populations produced offspring of different sizes between years. The decreasing resource allocation to current offspring size and number may increase survival and future fecundity in harsh environments. Thus, there may be a trade-off between mortality and fecundity in different environments. In addition to body size, we suggest that temperature plays an important role in shaping maternal investment variation in R. kukunoris across geographical gradients. [Yu, Tong Lei; Deng, Yao Hui] Xinyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Xinyang, Peoples R China; [Xu, Yu] Guizhou Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China; [Busam, Michael] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, College Pk, MD 20742 USA Yu, TL (reprint author), Xinyang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biol, Xinyang 464000, SD, Peoples R China. yutonglei_00000@163.com Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in universities of Henan Province [17IRTSTHN019] This work was supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in universities of Henan Province [17IRTSTHN019]. 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Short-term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY English Article ULTRA-ENDURANCE EXERCISE; SEXUAL AROUSAL; FUNCTIONAL IMMUNITY; STRENUOUS EXERCISE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LIFE-HISTORIES; TESTOSTERONE; RESPONSES; HUMANS; EVOLUTION ObjectivesFollowing predictions from life history theory, we sought to identify acute trade-offs between reproductive effort (as measured by psychological arousal) and somatic maintenance (via functional measures of innate immunity) during conditions of severe energetic imbalance. MethodsSixty-six male ultramarathon runners (ages 20 to 37 years) were sampled before and after a lengthy race. Saliva and sera were collected for testosterone and immunological analyses (hemolytic complement activity and bacterial killing ability). Lean body mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance, and libido was measured using a slideshow of arousing and neutral images. ResultsFollowing predictions, there was a significant decrease in salivary testosterone levels (109.59 pg/mL versus 97.61 pg/mL, P<.001) and arousal scores in response to provocative images (5.40 versus 4.89, P=.001) between prerace and postrace time points. Additionally, participant bacterial killing ability (P=.035) and hemolytic complement activity (P=.021) increased between prerace and postrace. ConclusionsDecreased libido and testosterone with concomitant heightened innate immune responses suggest a shift in energetic priorities away from reproduction and toward maintenance/defense during a period of energetic stress. [Longman, Daniel P.; Stock, Jay T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol & Anthropol, Cambridge, England; [Prall, Sean P.; Shattuck, Eric C.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Anthropol, Lab Evolutionary Med, San Antonio, TX USA; [Stephen, Ian D.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Wells, Jonathan C. K.] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London, England; [Stock, Jay T.] Western Univ, Dept Anthropol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; [Muehlenbein, Michael P.] Baylor Univ, Dept Anthropol, Lab Evolutionary Med, Waco, TX 76798 USA Longman, DP (reprint author), Dept Archaeol & Anthropol, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QG, England. dl329@cam.ac.uk Stock, Jay/B-6453-2011 Stock, Jay/0000-0003-0147-8631; Longman, Danny/0000-0003-3025-7053; Stephen, Ian/0000-0001-9714-8295 European Research Council under European Union/ERC [617627]; Indiana University European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/Award Number: (FP/ 2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n.617627 to JTS, Funding for laboratory analyses was provided by Indiana University to MPM. 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J. Hum. Biol. JAN-FEB 2018 30 1 e23052 10.1002/ajhb.23052 11 Anthropology; Biology Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics FT7ZQ WOS:000423372100002 28994489 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Mell, H; Safra, L; Algan, Y; Baumard, N; Chevallier, C Mell, Hugo; Safra, Lou; Algan, Yann; Baumard, Nicolas; Chevallier, Coralie Childhood environmental harshness predicts coordinated health and reproductive strategies: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample from France EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Psychosocial acceleration theory; Childhood adversity; Life History Theory; Reproductive strategies; Health strategies; Structural equation modeling LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; BODY-MASS INDEX; UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENTS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MENARCHE; RISK; MATURATION; MORTALITY; STRESS There is considerable variation in health and reproductive behaviours within and across human populations. Drawing on principles from Life History Theory, psychosocial acceleration theory predicts that individuals developing in harsh environments decrease their level of somatic investment and accelerate their reproductive schedule. Although there is consistent empirical support for this general prediction, most studies have focused on a few isolated life history traits and few have investigated the way in which individuals apply life strategies across reproductive and somatic domains to produce coordinated behavioural responses to their environment. In our study, we thus investigate the impact of childhood environmental harshness on both reproductive strategies and somatic investment by applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to cross-sectional survey data obtained in a representative sample of the French population (n = 1015, age: 19-87 years old, both genders). This data allowed us to demonstrate that (i) inter-individual variation in somatic investment (e.g. effort in looking after health) and reproductive timing (e.g. age at first birth) can be captured by a latent fast-slow continuum, and (ii) faster strategies along this continuum are predicted by higher childhood harshness. Overall, our results support the existence of a fast-slow continuum and highlight the relevance of the life history approach for understanding variations in reproductive and health related behaviours. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. [Mell, Hugo; Safra, Lou; Chevallier, Coralie] PSL Res Univ, Ecole Normale Super, INSERM U960, Dept Etud Cognit, F-75005 Paris, France; [Algan, Yann] OFCE, Sci Po, 27 Rue St Guillaume, F-75005 Paris, France; [Mell, Hugo; Baumard, Nicolas; Chevallier, Coralie] PSL Res Univ, Ecole Normale Super, Inst Jean Nicod, CNRS,UMR8129,Dept Etud Cognit, F-75005 Paris, France Mell, H (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Dept Etud Cognit, INSERM U960, CNRS UMR 8129, 29 Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France. hugo.mell@ens.fr Institut d'Etudes Cognitives [ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*]; Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale (INSERM); ERC consolidator grant [8657]; Action Incitative - Ecole Normale Superieure This study was supported by the Institut d'Etudes Cognitives (ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*), the Institut national de la sante et de la recherche medicale (INSERM), an ERC consolidator grant (no. 8657) and an "Action Incitative" funding from the Ecole Normale Superieure. We are grateful to Anne L'Hote for programming the survey and to Celine Dusautois for her help in preliminary analyses. 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JAN 2018 39 1 1 8 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.08.006 8 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences FR9WJ WOS:000419423600001 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Xu, Y; Norton, S; Rahman, Q Xu, Yin; Norton, Sam; Rahman, Qazi Early life conditions, reproductive and sexuality-related life history outcomes among human males: A systematic review and meta-analysis EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Early life conditions; Life history theory; Life history strategy; Meta-analysis; Sexual orientation; Men FATHER ABSENCE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; GENDER NONCONFORMITY; FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS; PUBERTAL MATURATION; EVOLUTIONARY MODEL; 1ST INTERCOURSE In order to investigate the association between early life conditions and reproductive and sexuality-related life history outcomes among men, we conducted a meta-analysis that compiled the results of 198 articles. A total of 331 effect sizes drawn from 573 samples were included. The meta-analysis revealed that low family socioeconomic status was associated with early sexual debut (r = 0.07), early first birth (r = 0.14), and early marriage (r = 0.03). There was no significant association between family socioeconomic status and pubertal timing or number of sexual partners. Parental absence was associated with early sexual debut (r = 0.12), greater number of sexual partners (r = 0.19), early first birth (r = 0.14), and early marriage (r = 0.13). There was no significant association between parental absence and pubertal timing. Small body size before puberty was associated with delayed pubertal timing (r = 0.10). There was no significant association between adult body size and number of offspring, and between body size at birth and pubertal timing. Small adult body size, greater number of siblings, and older parents were associated with non-heterosexual orientation (rs = 0.12, 0.03, and 0.03 respectively). Factors such as sampling procedure, data collection method, and age cutoff used to measure family structure change influenced the association between some predictors (e.g., family socioeconomic status) and outcomes (e.g., first birth). The findings are discussed in relation to the utility of life history theory for understanding human male reproductive and sexuality-related outcomes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Xu, Yin; Norton, Sam; Rahman, Qazi] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, 5th Floor Bermondsey Wing,Guys Hosp Campus, London SE1 9RT, England Xu, Y; Rahman, Q (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, 5th Floor Bermondsey Wing,Guys Hosp Campus, London SE1 9RT, England. yin.xu@kcl.ac.uk; qazi.rahman@kcl.ac.uk Norton, Sam/0000-0003-1714-9963; Rahman, Qazi/0000-0001-8346-4529 King's-China Scholarship Council PhD Studentship This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The first author is supported by a King's-China Scholarship Council PhD Studentship. 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JAN 2018 39 1 40 51 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.08.005 12 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences FR9WJ WOS:000419423600005 2018-11-12 J Dunkel, CS; Nedelec, JL; van der Linden, D Dunkel, Curtis S.; Nedelec, Joseph L.; van der Linden, Dimitri Using monozygotic twin differences to examine the relationship between parental affection and personality: a life history account EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Parental affection; Monozygotic twins; Plasticity; Stability; General factor of personality; Life history theory HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; GENERAL FACTOR; BIG 5; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SOCIAL-EFFECTIVENESS; OFFSPRING CONFLICT; HERITABILITY; ATTACHMENT; BEHAVIOR; TRAITS The relationship between maternal and paternal affection, reported in adulthood, and personality was examined using a genetically sensitive research design comparing differences between monozygotic twins. Using life history theory as a framework, it was predicted that differences in maternal and paternal affection would be predictive of differences in personality such that the twin reporting greater maternal and paternal affection would also report a personality profile reflective of a slow life history strategy. Specifically, it was predicted that the twin that reported greater maternal and paternal affection would also score high on the meta-traits of plasticity, stability, and the general factor of personality (GFP). The results supported the hypotheses, with most variance accounted for by the GFP. Additional results suggest that differences in paternal affection exhibit a stronger effect and that stability and plasticity may provide unique information about the association between differences in parental affection and differences in personality. Attachment and parental investment theories offer possible explanations for the findings, although alternative explanations are also proffered. It may also be beneficial for future research using a monozygotic twin difference approach to utilize biometric measures of life history strategy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Nedelec, Joseph L.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Criminal Justice, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA; [van der Linden, Dimitri] Erasmus Univ, Rotterdam, Netherlands Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. c-dunkel@wiu.edu Backstrom M, 2016, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V96, P31, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.058; Barbaro N, 2017, PSYCHOL BULL, V143, P107, DOI 10.1037/bul0000066; Beaver K. M., 2013, BIOSOCIAL CRIMINOLOG; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Brim O. 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JAN 2018 39 1 52 58 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.09.004 7 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences FR9WJ WOS:000419423600006 2018-11-12 J Kyweluk, MA; Georgiev, AV; Borja, JB; Gettler, LT; Kuzawa, CW Kyweluk, Moira A.; Georgiev, Alexander V.; Borja, Judith B.; Gettler, Lee T.; Kuzawa, Christopher W. Menarcheal timing is accelerated by favorable nutrition but unrelated to developmental cues of mortality or familial instability in Cebu, Philippines EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Life history theory; Puberty; Reproductive timing; Human growth; Fertility milestones LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE MATURATION; BIOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; PUBERTAL MATURATION; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; PREDICTS AGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; STRESS Understanding the determinants of pubertal timing, particularly menarche in girls, is an important area of investigation owing to the many health, psychosocial, and demographic outcomes related to reproductive maturation. Traditional explanations emphasized the role of favorable nutrition in maturational acceleration. More recently, work has documented early maturity in relation to markers of familial and environmental instability (e.g. paternal absence), which are hypothesized to serve as cues triggering adaptive adjustment of life history scheduling. While these studies hint at an ability of human females to accelerate maturity in stressful environments, most have focused on populations characterized by energetic excess. The present study investigates the role of developmental nutrition alongside cues of environmental risk and instability (maternal absence, paternal absence, and sibling death) as predictors of menarcheal age in a well-characterized birth cohort born in 1983 in metropolitan Cebu, the Philippines. In this sample, which was marked by a near-absence of childhood overweight and obesity, we find that menarcheal age is not predicted by cues of risk and instability measured at birth and during childhood and early adolescence, but that infancy weight gain and measures of favorable childhood nutrition are strong predictors of maturational acceleration. These findings contrast with studies of populations in which psychosocial stress and instability co-occur with excess weight. The present findings suggest that infancy and childhood nutrition may exert greater influence on age at menarche than psychosocial cues in environments characterized by marginal nutrition, and that puberty is often delayed, rather than accelerated, in the context of stressful environments. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Kyweluk, Moira A.; Georgiev, Alexander V.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Georgiev, Alexander V.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales; [Borja, Judith B.] Off Populat Studies Fdn Inc, Cebu, Philippines; [Borja, Judith B.] Univ San Carlos, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Cebu, Philippines; [Gettler, Lee T.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Policy Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA Kuzawa, CW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1810 Hinman Ave, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. kuzawa@northwestern.edu MEASURE Evaluation Project; US Agency for International Development [HRN-A-00-97-00018-00] The authors thank the USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines, and Linda Adair, for their role in study design and data collection, and the Filipino participants in the CLHNS for their decades of participation in the project. This research was supported by funding from the MEASURE Evaluation Project and the US Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement HRN-A-00-97-00018-00. 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JAN 2018 39 1 76 81 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.10.002 6 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences FR9WJ WOS:000419423600009 2018-11-12 J Schniter, E; Wilcox, NT; Beheim, BA; Kaplan, HS; Gurven, M Schniter, Eric; Wilcox, Nathaniel T.; Beheim, Bret A.; Kaplan, Hillard S.; Gurven, Michael Information transmission and the oral tradition: Evidence of a late-life service niche for Tsimane Amerindians EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Oral tradition; Information transmission; Storytelling; Expertise; Development; Life history theory BOLIVIAN FORAGER-FARMERS; HISTORY; KNOWLEDGE; SOCIETY; WOMEN; SPAN Storytelling can affect wellbeing and fitness by transmitting information and reinforcing cultural codes of conduct. Despite their potential importance, the development and timing of storytelling skills, and the transmission of story knowledge have received minimal attention in studies of subsistence societies that more often focus on food production skills. Here we examine how storytelling and patterns of information transmission among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists are predicted by the changing age profiles of storytellers' abilities and accumulated experience. We find that storytelling skills are most developed among older adults who demonstrate superior knowledge of traditional stories and who report telling stories most. We find that the important information transmitted via storytelling typically flows from older to younger generations, and stories are primarily learned from older same-sex relatives, especially grandparents. Our findings suggest that the oral tradition provides a specialized late-life service niche for Tsimane adults who have accumulated important experience and knowledge relevant to foraging and sociality, but have lost comparative advantage in other productive domains. These findings may help extend our understanding of the evolved human life history by illustrating how changes in embodied capital predict the development of information transmission services in a forager-horticulturalist economy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Schniter, Eric; Wilcox, Nathaniel T.; Kaplan, Hillard S.] Chapman Univ, Econ Sci Inst, One Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA; [Beheim, Bret A.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany; [Gurven, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Integrat Anthropol Sci Unit, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Schniter, E (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Econ Sci Inst, One Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA. eschniter@gmail.com Kaplan, Hillard/0000-0002-7398-7358 National Science Foundation DDIG [0612903, BCS0136274, BCS0422690] This work was supported by National Science Foundation DDIG Award #0612903, and awards #BCS0136274, #BCS0422690. Acerbi A, 2017, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V38, P474, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.03.005; Antezana J. 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Hum. Behav. JAN 2018 39 1 94 105 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.10.006 12 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences FR9WJ WOS:000419423600011 2018-11-12 J Michel, ES; Demarais, S; Strickland, BK; Wang, GM Michel, Eric S.; Demarais, Stephen; Strickland, Bronson K.; Wang, Guiming Birth date promotes a tortoise or hare tactic for body mass development of a long-lived male ungulate OECOLOGIA English Article Birth date; Compensatory growth; Life history theory; Maternal effects; Path analysis; White-tailed deer WHITE-TAILED DEER; LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; BIGHORN EWES; D-SEPARATION; PATH MODELS; TRADE-OFFS Maternal and early-life influences may affect life-long individual phenotype, potentially influencing reproductive success. However, some individuals may compensate for a poor start to life, which may improve longevity and reproductive success later in life. We developed four models to assess whether maternal characteristics (age, body mass and previous year cumulative lactation demand) and/or birth date influenced a long-lived mammal's phenotype to maturity. We used a directional separation analysis to assess the relative influence of each maternal characteristic and birth date on captive male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) body mass and antler size. We found that birth date was the only characteristic that persistently influenced male body mass. Depending on when offspring were born, they used alternative tactics to increase their body mass. Birth date positively influenced body mass at 1, 2 and 3 years of age-indicating males displayed faster growth and compensated for late birth (hare tactic). However, early-, heavy-born males were heavy juveniles, and juvenile body mass positively influenced mature body mass (slow but steady growth; tortoise tactic). Our findings provide a first evidence that a long-lived ungulate can display alternative tactics to achieve heavy body mass; individuals are either born early and heavy and are heavy throughout life (tortoise), or light, late-born individuals compensate for a poor start in life by growing at a faster rate to equal or surpass the body mass of early-born individuals (hare). Either tactic may be viable if it influences reproductive success as body mass positively influences access to mates in ungulates. [Michel, Eric S.; Demarais, Stephen; Strickland, Bronson K.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Deer Ecol & Management Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA; [Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA; [Michel, Eric S.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, 1390 Coll Ave,Biostress Lab Room 138, Brookings, SD 57007 USA Michel, ES (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Deer Ecol & Management Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.; Michel, ES (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, 1390 Coll Ave,Biostress Lab Room 138, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. eric.michel@sdstate.edu Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (MDWFP) We thank the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (MDWFP) for financial support using resources from the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act. 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Environmental cues influence parental brood structure decisions in the burying beetle Nicrophorus marginatus JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY English Article Parental care; Burying beetle; Nicrophorus; Offspring size; Infanticide; Life history theory BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; BODY-SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; SEX-RATIO; FOOD AVAILABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATERNAL ADJUSTMENT; POPULATION-DENSITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; NICHE VARIATION Parents evaluate multiple extrinsic and intrinsic cues when making decisions associated with reproduction. These decisions often reflect classic trade-offs between the cost of a strategy and its perceived fitness payoff. Life history theory predicts that when parents experience austere conditions, reproductive success is increased by producing fewer but larger offspring with a competitive advantage in this environment. Conversely, parents experiencing favorable conditions are expected to increase current reproductive success by favoring quantity over quality of offspring. We tested the predictions of life history theory using Nicrophorus marginatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), a burying beetle species that exhibits infanticide during biparental care and hypervariable adult size across populations, by employing a factorial design that manipulated density and nutritional quality of food. We measured (1) the average number of offspring produced, (2) the average individual size of offspring, and (3) the sex ratio of the offspring. We found no effect of density or food quality on offspring sex ratio, but mean offspring size and number differed between low and high-density treatments. Nutritional environment interacted with density effects such that parents with access to high quality diets were able to modulate offspring size and number to match the perceived competitive environment, whereas those in poor nutritional condition appeared to exhibit physiological constraints to producing optimal brood structures. [Woelber, Brooke K.; Hall, Carrie L.; Howard, Daniel R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, 38 Acad Way, Durham, NH 03824 USA Howard, DR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, 38 Acad Way, Durham, NH 03824 USA. daniel.howard@unh.edu Oklahoma Chapter of The Nature Conservancy We thank Robert Hamilton and Tony Brown of The Nature Conservancy's Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in Oklahoma for access to the field collecting site, the Oklahoma Chapter of The Nature Conservancy for partial financial support of the project, Augustana College students Anna Bahnson, Claire Bestul, Morgan DePerno, Paige DePerno, Bailey Ketelsen, Courtney Moore and Ashley Schmidt for assistance with laboratory experiments and animal care, and Jann Hayman and Craig Walker of the Osage Nation Environmental and Natural Resources Office for assistance in field collections. 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JAN 2018 36 1 55 64 10.1007/s10164-017-0527-7 10 Behavioral Sciences; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Zoology FR3KD WOS:000418964700006 2018-11-12 J Said-Mohamed, R; Pettifor, JM; Norris, SA Said-Mohamed, Rihlat; Pettifor, John M.; Norris, Shane A. Life History theory hypotheses on child growth: Potential implications for short and long-term child growth, development and health AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY English Article energy metabolism; evolution; nutrition; stunting; trade-offs MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; TSIMANE FORAGER-HORTICULTURALISTS; THRIFTY PHENOTYPE HYPOTHESIS; RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; TRADE-OFFS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HUMAN-PREGNANCY; HIV-INFECTION Life history theory integrates ecological, physiological, and molecular layers within an evolutionary framework to understand organisms' strategies to optimize survival and reproduction. Two life history hypotheses and their implications for child growth, development, and health (illustrated in the South African context) are reviewed here. One hypothesis suggests that there is an energy trade-off between linear growth and brain growth. Undernutrition in infancy and childhood may trigger adaptive physiological mechanisms prioritizing the brain at the expense of body growth. Another hypothesis is that the period from conception to infancy is a critical window of developmental plasticity of linear growth, the duration of which may vary between and within populations. The transition from infancy to childhood may mark the end of a critical window of opportunity for improving child growth. Both hypotheses emphasize the developmental plasticity of linear growth and the potential determinants of growth variability (including the role of parent-offspring conflict in maternal resources allocation). Implications of these hypotheses in populations with high burdens of undernutrition and infections are discussed. In South Africa, HIV/AIDS during pregnancy (associated with adverse birth outcomes, short duration of breastfeeding, and social consequences) may lead to a shortened window of developmental plasticity of growth. Furthermore, undernutrition and infectious diseases in children living in South Africa, a country undergoing a rapid nutrition transition, may have adverse consequences on individuals' cognitive abilities and risks of cardio-metabolic diseases. Studies are needed to identify physiological mechanisms underlying energy allocation between biological functions and their potential impacts on health. [Said-Mohamed, Rihlat; Pettifor, John M.; Norris, Shane A.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, MRC Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Fac Hlth Sci,Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Said-Mohamed, R (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, MRC Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit DPHRU, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth,Med Sch, 7 York Rd, ZA-2193 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. Rihlat.SaidMohamed@wits.ac.za Norris, Shane/0000-0001-7124-3788; Pettifor, John/0000-0003-1155-0334 UK MRC/DFID African Research Leader Scheme; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development R.S.M and S.A.N. are supported by the UK MRC/DFID African Research Leader Scheme. The DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development supported a series of workshops on the Evolutionary Biology of Human Development and Growth at the University of the Witwatersrand. 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JAN 2018 165 1 4 19 10.1002/ajpa.23340 16 Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology FQ5HB WOS:000418388400002 29072305 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Oshio, A; Shimotsukasa, T; Mieda, T; Csatho, A; Sitnikova, M Jonason, Peter K.; Oshio, Atsushi; Shimotsukasa, Tadahiro; Mieda, Takahiro; Csatho, Arpad; Sitnikova, Maria Seeing the world in black or white: The Dark Triad traits and dichotomous thinking PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Dark Triad; Psychopathy; Narcissism; Machiavellianism; Dichotomous thinking SUBSTANCE USE; DIRTY DOZEN; PERSONALITY In contrast to work examining motivational and affective biases, we examined potential cognitive biases, in the shape of dichotomous thinking (i.e., a tendency to see the world as black or white), linked to the Dark Triad traits. In Study 1 (N = 712), Japanese participants revealed that the latent variance the ostensible "adaptive" competent of the Dark Triad traits was linked to a tendency to see the world as black or white. In Study 2 (N = 1489), we replicated effects from Study 1 using a multinational sample and structural equation modeling and revealed some moderation by participants' sex and country in the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and dichotomous thinking. We discuss our results in terms of life history theory, contending black and white thinking might be part of the cognitive adaptations that make the Dark Triad traits function. [Jonason, Peter K.] Western Sydney Univ, Penrith, NSW, Australia; [Oshio, Atsushi; Shimotsukasa, Tadahiro; Mieda, Takahiro] Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan; [Csatho, Arpad] Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; [Sitnikova, Maria] Moscow Sch Social & Econ Sci, Moscow, Russia Jonason, PK (reprint author), Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. pjonason@westernsydney.edu.au Oshio, Atsushi/0000-0002-2936-2916 CLECKLEY H, 1964, MASK SANITY; Furnham A, 2013, SOC PERSONAL PSYCHOL, V7, P199, DOI 10.1111/spc3.12018; Henrich J, 2010, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V33, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0999152X; Jonason PK, 2017, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V113, P120, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.053; Jonason PK, 2016, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V14, DOI 10.1177/1474704915623699; Jonason PK, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V54, P572, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.009; Jonason PK, 2010, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V22, P420, DOI 10.1037/a0019265; Jones DN, 2014, ASSESSMENT, V21, P28, DOI 10.1177/1073191113514105; Jones DN, 2011, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V51, P679, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.011; Miller JD, 2012, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V24, P1048, DOI 10.1037/a0028583; Nunnally J.C., 1978, PSYCHOMETRIC THEORY; Oshio A, 2016, COGENT PSYCHOL, V3, DOI 10.1080/23311908.2016.1244874; Oshio A, 2012, JPN PSYCHOL RES, V54, P424, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2012.00515.x; Oshio A, 2009, SOC BEHAV PERSONAL, V37, P729, DOI 10.2224/sbp.2009.37.6.729; Richardson GB, 2012, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V10, P731, DOI 10.1177/147470491201000408; Schmitt N, 1996, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V8, P350, DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350; Semenyna SW, 2015, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V83, P37, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.046; Shimotsukasa T., 2017, JPN J PERS, V26, P12, DOI [10.2132/personality.26.1.2, DOI 10.2132/PERSONALITY.26.1.2]; Stenason L, 2016, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V94, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.010; Tamura A., 2015, JPN J PERS, V1, P26, DOI [10.2132/personality.24.26, DOI 10.2132/PERSONALITY.24.26]; Vandenberg R. 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JAN 1 2018 120 102 106 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.030 5 Psychology, Social Psychology FL3GI WOS:000414110500016 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Sitnikova, M; Oshio, A Jonason, Peter K.; Sitnikova, Maria; Oshio, Atsushi The Dark Triad traits and views of time in three countries PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Machiavellianism; Narcissism; Psychopathy; Dark Triad; Time perspectives LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; PERSPECTIVE; NARCISSISM; STRATEGY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; ASSOCIATIONS; PSYCHOPATHY; PSYCHOLOGY In samples drawn from Australia, Japan, and Russia (N = 1032) we replicated an extended work on the relationships between the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) and individual differences in time perspectives. We documented that narcissism was associated with recollections of favorable pasts, whereas psychopathy and Machiavellianism were associated with recollections of unfavorable pasts. Consistent with life history models of the Dark Triad traits, the Dark Triad traits were associated with hedonism and limited future concerns. Country-wise comparisons suggested that narcissism was associated with less future concerns in Australia and Russia but more future concerns in Japan. Sex differences in future concerns were mediated by individual differences in psychopathy but suppressed by individual differences in narcissism. Results are discussed using a life history framework. 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Individ. Differ. JAN 1 2018 120 107 111 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.036 5 Psychology, Social Psychology FL3GI WOS:000414110500017 2018-11-12 J Andras, L; Abell, L Andras, Lang; Abell, Loren Relationship between interparental functioning and adolescents' level of Machiavellianism: A multi-perspective approach PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Adolescence; Coparenting; Distinct pathways model; Machiavellianism; Male vulnerability hypothesis; Perceived interparental conflict LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DARK TRIAD; CHILD ADJUSTMENT; MARITAL CONFLICT; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; FAMILY-THERAPY; TACTICS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; METAANALYSIS Childrearing antecedents of Machiavellianism have been investigated, finding that cold, rejecting, and neglecting parenting is associated with Machiavellianism. However, there is a paucity of research on Machiavellianism and family functioning that is suggested to be a stronger predictor of children's adjustment than parenting. In two cross-sectional, self-report studies with 266 adolescents (115 boys) and 98 families raising adolescents (51 boys), we investigated the relationship between adolescent Machiavellianism and interparental functioning. We found that some aspects of perceived interparental conflict and poor quality coparenting were associated with higher levels of Machiavellianism in boys. The association between interparental discord and Machiavellianism has been discussed with respect to previous studies on family functioning, child maladjustment, and Machiavellianism. The selective relationship between measured indices of interparental functioning and Machiavellianism in boys has been discussed using the male vulnerability hypothesis and the distinct pathways model. [Andras, Lang] Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, Ifjusag Str 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; [Abell, Loren] Nottingham Trent Univ, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, England Andras, L (reprint author), Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, Ifjusag Str 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. lang.andras@pte.hu Abell, Loren/0000-0001-6230-8551 new national excellence program of the Hungarian ministry of human capacities [UNKP-16-1] Andras Lang was supported by the UNKP-16-1 new national excellence program of the Hungarian ministry of human capacities. 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Individ. Differ. JAN 1 2018 120 213 221 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.043 9 Psychology, Social Psychology FL3GI WOS:000414110500033 2018-11-12 J Arnot, M Arnot, Megan A Response to Gardner and Harrison: the Reasons for, and Implications of, Brexit from an Anthropological Standpoint PAPERS FROM THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY English Editorial Material Archaeology; Heritage; Brexit; Anthropology; Post-Truth LIFE-HISTORY; NEIGHBORHOODS This is a response to the Brexit, Archaeology and Heritage workshop held in May 2017 at the Institute of Archaeology, UCL. On the 23rd of June 2016, the majority of the United Kingdom (UK) electorate voted in favour of leaving the European Union (EU), despite the implications of such a decision being unclear. Now, a year on, and with Article 50 signed, it is still no clearer what the terms of ` Brexit' are, or how the UK will fare culturally, socially, and economically as a result. This discussion article presents aspects of the author's research relating to the link between voting decisions and life history theory conducted as part of her Master's research. [Arnot, Megan] UCL, London, England Arnot, M (reprint author), UCL, London, England. Arnot M, 2017, APPL LIFE HIST UNPUB; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Deacon M, 2016, THE TELEGRAPH ONLINE; Eleftheriou-Smith L-M, 2016, INDEPENDENT ONLINE; Ellis B. 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DEC 21 2017 27 1 27 10.5334/pia-547 6 Archaeology Archaeology GL9DM WOS:000437530800002 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Thorson, JT; Munch, SB; Cope, JM; Gao, J Thorson, James T.; Munch, Stephan B.; Cope, Jason M.; Gao, Jin Predicting life history parameters for all fishes worldwide ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS English Article individual growth; life history invariant; life history theory; meta-analysis; natural mortality; phylogenetic regression AMERICAN FISHES; ASSEMBLY RULES; PATTERNS; REGRESSION; EVOLUTION; APPROXIMATION; METAANALYSIS; INFORMATION; LIKELIHOOD; ALLOMETRY Scientists and resource managers need to know life history parameters (e.g., average mortality rate, individual growth rate, maximum length or mass, and timing of maturity) to understand and respond to risks to natural populations and ecosystems. For over 100 years, scientists have identified life history invariants (LHI) representing pairs of parameters whose ratio is theorized to be constant across species. LHI then promise to allow prediction of many parameters from field measurements of a few important traits. Using LHI in this way, however, neglects any residual patterns in parameters when making predictions. We therefore apply a multivariate model for eight variables (seven parameters and temperature) in over 32,000 fishes, and include taxonomic structure for residuals (with levels for class, order, family, genus, and species). We illustrate that this approach predicts variables probabilistically for taxa with many or few data. We then use this model to resolve three questions regarding life history parameters in fishes. Specifically we show that (1) on average there is a 1.24% decrease in the Brody growth coefficient for every 1% increase in maximum size; (2) the ratio of natural mortality rate and growth coefficient is not an LHI but instead varies systematically based on the timing of maturation, where movement along this life history axis is predictably correlated with species taxonomy; and (3) three variables must be known per species to precisely predict remaining life history variables. We distribute our predictive model as an R package, FishLife, to allow future life history predictions for fishes to be conditioned on taxonomy and life history data for fishes worldwide. This package also contains predictions (and predictive intervals) for mortality, maturity, size, and growth parameters for all described fishes. [Thorson, James T.; Cope, Jason M.; Gao, Jin] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA; [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Schaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; [Gao, Jin] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. james.thorson@noaa.gov Andersen KH, 2009, ICES J MAR SCI, V66, P1978, DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp161; Beverton R. J. 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Appl. DEC 2017 27 8 2262 2276 10.1002/eap.1606 15 Ecology; Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology FO5BA WOS:000416862700002 2018-11-12 J Weithman, C; Gibson, D; Hunt, K; Friedrich, M; Fraser, J; Karpanty, S; Catlin, D Weithman, Chelsea; Gibson, Daniel; Hunt, Kelsi; Friedrich, Meryl; Fraser, James; Karpanty, Sarah; Catlin, Daniel Senescence and carryover effects of reproductive performance influence migration, condition, and breeding propensity in a small shorebird ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article breeding propensity; carryover effects; Missouri River; piping plover; senescence PLOVERS CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; PIPING PLOVERS; POPULATION REGULATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PIED FLYCATCHER; HABITAT QUALITY; SITE FIDELITY; CLUTCH SIZE Breeding propensity, the probability that an animal will attempt to breed each year, is perhaps the least understood demographic process influencing annual fecundity. Breeding propensity is ecologically complex, as associations among a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors may interact to affect an animal's breeding decisions. Individuals that opt not to breed can be more difficult to detect than breeders, which can (1) lead to difficulty in estimation of breeding propensity, and (2) bias other demographic parameters. We studied the effects of sex, age, and population reproductive success on the survival and breeding propensity of a migratory shorebird, the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), nesting on the Missouri River. We used a robust design Barker model to estimate true survival and breeding propensity and found survival decreased as birds aged and did so more quickly for males than females. Monthly survival during the breeding season was lower than during migration or the nonbreeding season. Males were less likely to skip breeding (range: 1-17%) than females (range: 3-26%; (sex)=-0.21, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.21), and both sexes were less likely to return to the breeding grounds following a year of high reproductive success. Birds that returned in a year following relatively high population-wide reproductive output were in poorer condition than following a year with lower reproductive output. Younger adult birds and females were more likely to migrate from the breeding area earlier than older birds and males; however, all birds stayed on the breeding grounds longer when nest survival was low, presumably because of renesting attempts. Piping plovers used a variety of environmental and demographic cues to inform their reproduction, employing strategies that could maximize fitness on average. Our results support the disposable soma theory of aging and follow with predictions from life history theory, exhibiting the intimate connections among the core ecological concepts of senescence, carryover effects, and life history. [Weithman, Chelsea; Gibson, Daniel; Hunt, Kelsi; Friedrich, Meryl; Fraser, James; Karpanty, Sarah; Catlin, Daniel] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Catlin, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. dcatlin@vt.edu Northwestern Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Northwestern Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ahola M, 2004, GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL, V10, P1610, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00823.x; Barker RJ, 1997, BIOMETRICS, V53, P666, DOI 10.2307/2533966; Blomberg EJ, 2017, J AVIAN BIOL, V48, P827, DOI 10.1111/jav.00988; Blums P, 2002, J ANIM ECOL, V71, P280, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00598.x; Boonekamp JJ, 2014, ECOL LETT, V17, P599, DOI 10.1111/ele.12263; Both C, 2005, J AVIAN BIOL, V36, P368, DOI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03484.x; Broderick AC, 2001, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V268, P1481, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1695; Burnham K. 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Apparent annual survival estimates of tropical songbirds better reflect life history variation when based on intensive field methods GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY English Article apparent survival; egg temperature; embryonic development; latitudinal variation; life history; longevity; resighting TEMPERATE SONGBIRDS; NEST PREDATION; FOREST BIRDS; RATES; RECAPTURE; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; ECUADOR; HABITAT Aim: Adult survival is central to theories explaining latitudinal gradients in life history strategies. Life history theory predicts higher adult survival in tropical than north temperate regions given lower fecundity and parental effort. Early studies were consistent with this prediction, but standard-effort netting studies in recent decades suggested that apparent survival rates in temperate and tropical regions strongly overlap. Such results do not fit with life history theory. Targeted marking and resighting of breeding adults yielded higher survival estimates in the tropics, but this approach is thought to overestimate survival because it does not sample social and age classes with lower survival. We compared the effect of field methods on tropical survival estimates and their relationships with life history traits. Location: Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Time period: 2008-2016. Major taxon: Passeriformes. Methods: We used standard-effort netting and resighted individuals of all social and age classes of 18 tropical songbird species over 8 years. We compared apparent survival estimates between these two field methods with differing analytical approaches. Results: Estimated detection and apparent survival probabilities from standard-effort netting were similar to those from other tropical studies that used standard-effort netting. Resighting data verified that a high proportion of individuals that were never recaptured in standard-effort netting remained in the study area, and many were observed breeding. Across all analytical approaches, addition of resighting yielded substantially higher survival estimates than did standard-effort netting alone. These apparent survival estimates were higher than for temperate zone species, consistent with latitudinal differences in life histories. Moreover, apparent survival estimates from addition of resighting, but not from standard-effort netting alone, were correlated with parental effort as measured by egg temperature across species. Main conclusions: Inclusion of resighting showed that standard-effort netting alone can negatively bias apparent survival estimates and obscure life history relationships across latitudes and among tropical species. [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Riordan, Margaret M.; Mouton, James C.; Blake, William M.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Repin, Rimi] Sabah Pk, Res & Educ, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia; [Blake, William M.] MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT 59801 USA Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. tom.martin@umontana.edu Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 National Science Foundation [DEB-1241041, DEB-1651283, IOS-1656120] National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DEB-1241041, DEB-1651283, IOS-1656120 Barker RJ, 1997, BIOMETRICS, V53, P666, DOI 10.2307/2533966; Blake JG, 2002, AUK, V119, P132, DOI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0132:MPISGA]2.0.CO;2; Blake JG, 2008, BIOTROPICA, V40, P485, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00395.x; Blake JG, 2013, PLOS ONE, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0081028; Brawn J. 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DEC 2017 26 12 1386 1397 10.1111/geb.12661 12 Ecology; Geography, Physical Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography FQ3VK WOS:000418285700003 2018-11-12 J Maenpaa, MI; Smiseth, PT Maenpaa, M. I.; Smiseth, P. T. Egg size, begging behaviour and offspring fitness in Nicrophorus vespilloides ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR English Article begging; egg size; fitness traits; Nicrophorus p; rehatching investment BURYING BEETLES; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; HATCH ORDER; BROOD SIZE; BODY-SIZE; PARENT; CARE; EVOLUTION Egg size reflects the amount of energy that female parents have invested in their offspring prior to hatching, and is thus often used as a proxy for prehatching investment. According to life history theory, prehatching investment, in turn, trades off with posthatching investment, as the amount of resources allocated at the prehatching stage diminishes the resources available at the posthatching stage. As small eggs have smaller energy reserves than large eggs, the offspring originating from small eggs may have higher hunger levels, and thus beg more, offering the parents information about the need for more posthatching care. However, little is known about the relationship between egg size and begging behaviour, and the fitness correlates of the two. In this study, we directly investigated the association between these two traits in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. Concurrently, we examined the effects of egg size on two components of offspring fitness: offspring growth and survival. We found no association between egg size and offspring begging behaviour. Egg size did, however, show a mostly positive, albeit indirect, association with offspring fitness traits (development time, size and survival). Therefore, an increase in egg size does have an impact on offspring fitness, but this impact is not mediated through offspring begging. To our knowledge, this is the first time the relationship between egg size and begging behaviour has been investigated directly. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. [Maenpaa, M. I.; Smiseth, P. T.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Maenpaa, MI (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Evolutionary Ecol Unit, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. maarit.i.maenpaa@gmail.com Maenpaa, Maarit I./0000-0002-1906-5811 School of Biological Sciences at the University of Edinburgh; Finnish Biological Society, Vanamo We thank Edinburgh Countryside Rangers for permission to collect beetles at Craiglockhart Hill, and Daniel Rozen for providing us with beetles. Funding to M. M. was provided by the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Edinburgh and the Finnish Biological Society, Vanamo. We are grateful to CraigWalling, Wendt Muller, Charlotte Regan, Gabriela Hajduk, Marlene Goubault and three anonymous referees for comments and discussion on the manuscript. 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DEC 2017 134 201 208 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.10.014 8 Behavioral Sciences; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Zoology FP9QH WOS:000417983100023 2018-11-12 J Duffield, KR; Bowers, EK; Sakaluk, SK; Sadd, BM Duffield, Kristin R.; Bowers, E. Keith; Sakaluk, Scott K.; Sadd, Ben M. A dynamic threshold model for terminal investment BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Review Residual reproductive value; Life history evolution; Condition-dependent reproductive investment; Fecundity compensation; Phenotypic plasticity LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GULL LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNE CHALLENGE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GRYLLUS-TEXENSIS; FECUNDITY COMPENSATION; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY Although reproductive strategies can be influenced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, life history theory provides a rigorous framework for explaining variation in reproductive effort. The terminal investment hypothesis proposes that a decreased expectation of future reproduction (as might arise from a mortality threat) should precipitate increased investment in current reproduction. Terminal investment has been widely studied, and a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that elicit such a response have been identified across an array of taxa. Although terminal investment is often treated as a static strategy, the level at which a cue of decreased future reproduction is sufficient to trigger increased current reproductive effort (i.e., the terminal investment threshold) may depend on the context, including the internal state of the organism or its current external environment, independent of the cue that triggers a shift in reproductive investment. Here, we review empirical studies that address the terminal investment hypothesis, exploring both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that mediate its expression. Based on these studies, we propose a novel framework within which to view the strategy of terminal investment, incorporating factors that influence an individual's residual reproductive value beyond a terminal investment trigger-the dynamic terminal investment threshold. [Duffield, Kristin R.; Sakaluk, Scott K.; Sadd, Ben M.] Illinois State Univ, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Sch Biol Sci, Julian Hall 210,Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790 USA; [Bowers, E. Keith] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA; [Bowers, E. Keith] Univ Memphis, Edward J Meeman Biol Stn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA Duffield, KR (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Sch Biol Sci, Julian Hall 210,Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790 USA. krduffi@ilstu.edu National Science Foundation [IOS 16-54028]; Illinois State University Summer Faculty Fellowship; Illinois State University Faculty Research Award; National Institutes of Health [2R15HD076308-02A1] This research was funded, in part, by grants from the National Science Foundation IOS 16-54028 (SKS and BMS), Illinois State University Summer Faculty Fellowship and Faculty Research Award (SKS), and National Institutes of Health 2R15HD076308-02A1 (SKS and C.F. Thompson). 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Ecol. Sociobiol. DEC 2017 71 12 UNSP 185 10.1007/s00265-017-2416-z 17 Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology FP9EG WOS:000417949700015 30002566 2018-11-12 J Hengartner, MP Hengartner, Michael P. The Evolutionary Life History Model of Externalizing Personality: Bridging Human and Animal Personality Science to Connect Ultimate and Proximate Mechanisms Underlying Aggressive Dominance, Hostility, and Impulsive Sensation Seeking REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article personality; life history theory; stress; attachment; psychopathology GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERPLAY; HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; BIG 5; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; 5-FACTOR MODEL; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES The present work proposes an evolutionary model of externalizing personality that defines variation in this broad psychobiological phenotype resulting from genetic influences and a conditional adaptation to high-risk environments with high extrinsic morbidity-mortality. Due to shared selection pressure, externalizing personality is coadapted to fast life history strategies and maximizes inclusive fitness under adverse environmental conditions by governing the major trade-offs between reproductive versus somatic functions, current versus future reproduction, and mating versus parenting efforts. According to this model, externalizing personality is a regulatory device at the interface between the individual and its environment that is mediated by 2 overlapping psychobiological systems, that is, the attachment and the stress-response system. The attachment system coordinates interpersonal behavior and intimacy in close relationships and the stress-response system regulates the responsivity to environmental challenge and both physiological and behavioral reactions to stress. These proximate mechanisms allow for the integration of neuroendocrinological processes underlying interindividual differences in externalizing personality. Hereinafter I further discuss the model's major implications for personality psychology, psychiatry, and public health policy. 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Gen. Psychol. DEC 2017 21 4 330 353 10.1037/gpr0000127 24 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FP8NE WOS:000417900400005 2018-11-12 J Fowler, MA; Williams, TD Fowler, Melinda A.; Williams, Tony D. A Physiological Signature of the Cost of Reproduction Associated with Parental Care AMERICAN NATURALIST English Article physiological cost of reproduction; workload; parental care; oxygen-carrying capacity; oxidative stress; energy HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; EGG-PRODUCTION; TREE SWALLOWS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IMMUNE FUNCTION; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; CALIDRIS-MAURI Costs of reproduction are an integral and long-standing component of life-history theory, but we still know relatively little about the specific physiological mechanisms underlying these trade-offs. We experimentally manipulated workload during parental care in female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) using attachment of radios and/or wing clipping and assessed measures of workload, current breeding productivity, future fecundity, and survival (local return rate) in relation to treatment. Females with wing clipping and radio attachment paid a clear cost of reproduction compared with all other treatment groups: they had lower future fecundity and lower return rates despite having lower current breeding productivity. We then measured 13 physiological traits, including measures of aerobic/metabolic capacity, oxidative stress and muscle damage, intermediary metabolism and energy supply, and immune function. Our results show that the cost of reproduction in females with wing clipping and radio attachment was associated with lower oxygen-carrying capacity (lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels), lower energy reserves (plasma nonesterified fatty acid and triglyceride levels), decreased immune function (lower haptoglobin levels), and elevated levels of oxidative stress (higher levels of dROMs [reactive oxygen metabolites] and lower levels of the endogenous antioxidant uric acid). Our study provides evidence that costs of reproduction involve a widespread decline in physiological function across multiple physiological systems consistent with long-standing ideas of cumulative wear and tear and allostatic load. [Fowler, Melinda A.; Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Fowler, Melinda A.] Springfield Coll, Dept Biol Chem, Springfield, MA 01109 USA Williams, TD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. tdwillia@sfu.ca Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [155395-2012, 429387-2012] Thanks to O. Love, who kindly assayed plasma for corticosterone, and J. Hou, who counted reticulocytes. K. Matson, C. Harris, O. Love, D. Costantini, S. Guindre-Parker, C. Guglielmo, and D. Swanson all provided invaluable advice regarding troubleshooting assays. A. Cornell provided invaluable assistance with fieldwork. This work was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery (155395-2012) and Accelerator (429387-2012) grants to T.D.W. 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Nat. DEC 2017 190 6 762 773 10.1086/694123 12 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology FN4RU WOS:000415995200006 29166164 2018-11-12 J Feiner, ZS; Chong, SC; Fielder, DG; Hoyle, JA; Knight, C; Lauer, TE; Thomas, MV; Tyson, JT; Hook, TO Feiner, Zachary S.; Chong, Stephen C.; Fielder, David G.; Hoyle, James A.; Knight, Carey; Lauer, Thomas E.; Thomas, Michael V.; Tyson, Jeff T.; Hook, Tomas O. Sex-based trade-offs among growth, mortality, and maturation in Great Lakes yellow perch stocks CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES English Article STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS; ECO-GENETIC MODEL; REACTION NORMS; ATLANTIC COD; SIZE DIMORPHISM; GADUS-MORHUA; TRAIT CHANGE; SAGINAW BAY Trade-offs among growth, mortality, and reproduction form the basis of life history theory but may vary among populations owing to local ecological conditions. We examined life history trade-offs driving variation in maturation among 13 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) stocks in the Great Lakes using sex-specific age and length at 50% maturity (A(50) and L-50, respectively) and probabilistic maturation reaction norm midpoints (Lp(50,a)). Both sexes exhibited positive correlations between growth and mortality, and faster-growing stocks were mature at younger ages but larger sizes. Male and female A(50) and L-50 were positively correlated among stocks, but Lp(50,a) estimates were negatively correlated among stocks, indicating stocks that matured at large sizes for a given age in females matured at smaller age-specific sizes in males. Female Lp(50,a) estimates were negatively related to growth and mortality, while male Lp(50,a) estimates were positively related to growth. These results suggest that (i) sex-based life history trade-offs sometimes act to differentially structure maturation schedules in males and females and (ii) males may be less responsive to changes in mortality than females. [Feiner, Zachary S.; Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA; [Chong, Stephen C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Fish & Wildlife Serv Branch, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, 1235 Queen St East, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E, Canada; [Fielder, David G.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Fisheries Res Stn, 160 E Fletcher, Alpena, MI 49707 USA; [Hoyle, James A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Lake Ontario Management Unit, 41 Fish Hatchery Ln, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada; [Knight, Carey] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Fairport Fisheries Res Unit, Div Wildlife, Fairport, OH 44077 USA; [Lauer, Thomas E.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Biol & Fisheries Ctr, Muncie, IN 47306 USA; [Thomas, Michael V.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake St Clair Fisheries Res Stn, 33135 South River Rd, Harrison Township, MI 48045 USA; [Tyson, Jeff T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky Fisheries Res Unit, Div Wildlife, 305 East Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA; [Hook, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA Feiner, ZS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. zfeiner@purdue.edu Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources The authors thank members of the Hook lab at Purdue University for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Thanks to Tammie Paoli of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and to members of the various institutions that collected and provided yellow perch data, including Ball State University, the Ohio and Michigan Departments of Natural Resources, and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Funding for this project was provided by the Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources. 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J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. DEC 2017 74 12 2059 2072 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0173 14 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology FM5UN WOS:000415106500005 2018-11-12 J Kawamoto, T; Van der Linden, D; Dunkel, CS Kawamoto, Tetsuya; Van der Linden, Dimitri; Dunkel, Curtis S. The General Factor of Personality (GFP) and moral foundations PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article General Factor of Personality; Moral foundations; Morality; Personality traits; HEXACO; NEO-FFI; Japanese LIFE-HISTORY; BIG 5; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; SOCIAL-EFFECTIVENESS; TRAITS; VALUES; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; DIMENSIONS; POLITICS The present study examined whether the General Factor of Personality (GFP) is associated with moral foundations. The GFP represents the shared variance among lower-level personality traits and is assumed to reflect social effectiveness. We compare two contrasting hypotheses regarding the associations between the GFP and moral values. The social effectiveness view suggests relative independence of the two constructs, whereas, based on Life History theory, relevant associations would be expected. Two samples of Japanese adults participated in this study online. The first sample (Sample 1) consisted of 500 Japanese (M = 45.42 years; SD = 8.53; range 20-60; 250 women), and the second sample (Sample 2) of 487 Japanese (M = 41.13 years; SD = 10.08; range 20-60; 244 women). The GFP was found in the HEXACO-60 in Sample 1 and was extracted from the NEO-FFI in Sample 2. Correlational and multiple regression analyses revealed that the GFP was modestly, yet significantly associated with Ingroup/Loyalty which refers to individual differences in trueness, patriotism, and self-abnegations for ones group members. The GFP was not substantially associated with the other moral foundations. These findings indicate the relative independence of the GFP from moral values, which is more congruent to the social effectiveness view. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Kawamoto, Tetsuya] Keio Univ, Fac Letters, Tokyo, Japan; [Kawamoto, Tetsuya] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan; [Van der Linden, Dimitri] Erasmus Univ, Inst Psychol, Rotterdam, Netherlands; [Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA Kawamoto, T (reprint author), Keio Univ, Fac Letters, Minato Ku, 2-15-45 Mita, Tokyo 1088345, Japan. tk5049@p.u-tokyo.ac.jp JSPS KAKENHI [14J12061, 16J07940] This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 14J12061 and 16J07940. 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Individ. Differ. DEC 1 2017 119 78 82 10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.043 5 Psychology, Social Psychology FJ5JJ WOS:000412787500014 2018-11-12 J Geng, YG; Yang, ZH; Zhang, RX; Fan, WJ; Yan, FY; Sai, XY; Liu, YN Geng, Yaoguo; Yang, Zihao; Zhang, Ruixing; Fan, Wenjian; Yan, Fengyan; Sai, Xueying; Liu, Yanan Relations between Machiavellianism, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents: A one-year longitudinal study PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Machiavellianism; Internalizing behavior problems; Externalizing behavior problems; Longitudinal study LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DARK TRIAD TRAITS; PERSONALITY; NARCISSISM; STRATEGY; ATTRACTIVENESS; INTELLIGENCE; PSYCHOPATHY; AGGRESSION; CHILDREN The social-emotional functions associated with Machiavellianism have been widely examined. However, most research on Machiavellianism is cross-sectional design, and has been conducted in adult populations. Using a sample of adolescents (n = 454), the current study employed a longitudinal design to examine how Machiavellianism relates to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The results indicated that (a) a significant increase in Machiavellianism scores and a significant decrease in difficulties scores were observed over the course of a year; (b) Machiavellianism shows significant positive associations, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, with nearly all categories of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems; (c) time 1 hyperactivity was a significant predictor of time 2 (one year later) Machiavellianism; and (d) over the course of a year, Machiavellian ism still has a significant impact on subsequent conduct problems. The implications of these findings are interpreted and discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Y., 2014, CHILD PSYCHIAT; Sutton J, 2001, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V30, P137, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00017-9; Vernon PA, 2008, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V44, P445, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.007; Veselka L, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V53, P417, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.002 48 0 0 5 18 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND 0191-8869 PERS INDIV DIFFER Pers. Individ. Differ. DEC 1 2017 119 296 300 10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.038 5 Psychology, Social Psychology FJ5JJ WOS:000412787500051 2018-11-12 J Wiff, R; Barrientos, MA; Segura, AM; Milessi, AC Wiff, R.; Barrientos, M. A.; Segura, A. M.; Milessi, A. C. The invariance of production per unit of food consumed in fish populations THEORY IN BIOSCIENCES English Article Invariance; Biomass production; Food consumption; Von Bertalanffy; Life history theory LIFE-HISTORY INVARIANTS; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; BODY-SIZE; GROWTH; BEVERTON; REPRODUCTION; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; MODEL; LAW The amount of biomass production per unit of food consumed (P/Q) represents an important quantity in ecosystem functioning, because it indicates how efficient a population transforms ingested food into biomass. Several investigations have noticed that P/Q remains relatively constant (or invariant) across fish population that feed at the same food-type level (carnivorous/herbivorous). Nevertheless, theoretical explanation for this invariant is still lacking. In this paper, we demonstrate that P/Q remains invariant across fish populations with stable-age distribution. Three key assumptions underpin the P/Q invariant: (1) the ratio between natural mortality M and von Bertalanffy growth parameter k (M/k ratio) should remain invariant across fish populations; (2) a parameter defining the fraction of ingested food available for growth needs to remain constant across fish that feed at the same trophic level; (3) third, the ratio between length at age 0 () and asymptotic length () should be constant across fish populations. The influence of these assumptions on the P/Q estimates were numerically assessed considering fish populations of different lifespan. Numerical evaluations show that the most critical condition highly relates to the first assumption, M/k. Results are discussed in the context of the reliability of the required assumption to consider the P/Q invariant in stable-age distributed fish populations. [Wiff, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago, Chile; [Barrientos, M. A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Inst Matemat, Blanco Viel 596, Valparaiso, Chile; [Segura, A. M.] Univ Repub, CURE Rocha, Modelizac & Anal Recursos Nat MAREN, Ruta 9 Km 210, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; [Milessi, A. C.] Comis Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; [Milessi, A. C.] Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero INIDEP, Paseo Victoria Ocampo 1, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Wiff, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago, Chile. rodrigo.wiff@gmail.com CONICYT (Chile) scholarship; CONICYT/FONDECYT [3130425]; CAPES project FONDECYT [FB 0002]; ANII [FCE_3_2013_1_100394] We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. R. Wiff was supported by CONICYT (Chile) scholarship for postgraduate studies abroad ("Beca Presidente de la Republica para Estudios de Postgrado en el Extranjero'') by CONICYT/FONDECYT post doctoral Project Number 3130425, and by CAPES project FONDECYT Number FB 0002 (2014). AM Segura thanks ANII for the Grant FCE_3_2013_1_100394. Allgeier JE, 2015, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V112, pE2640, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1420819112; Andersen NG, 2003, J FISH BIOL, V62, P395, DOI 10.1046/j.0022-1112.2003.00030.x; ATKINSON D, 1994, ADV ECOL RES, V25, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60212-3; Brett J. 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DEC 2017 136 3-4 179 185 10.1007/s12064-017-0241-6 7 Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology FK7GD WOS:000413672400010 28160202 2018-11-12 J Dixit, T; English, S; Lukas, D Dixit, Tanmay; English, Sinead; Lukas, Dieter The relationship between egg size and helper number in cooperative breeders: a meta-analysis across species PEERJ English Article Maternal effects; Life-history; Cooperative breeding; Meta-analysis; Egg size; Reproductive investment CHESTNUT-CROWNED BABBLER; SUPERB FAIRY-WRENS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; BREEDING BIRDS; ADULT SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY; MOTHERS; COSTS; MECHANISMS Background. Life history theory predicts that mothers should adjust reproductive investment depending on benefits of current reproduction and costs of reduced future reproductive success. These costs and benefits may in turn depend on the breeding female's social environment. Cooperative breeders provide an ideal system to test whether changes in maternal investment are associated with the social conditions mothers experience. As alloparental helpers assist in offspring care, larger groups might reduce reproductive costs for mothers or alternatively indicate attractive conditions for reproduction. Thus, mothers may show reduced (load-lightening) or increased (differential allocation) reproductive investment in relation to group size. A growing number of studies have investigated how cooperatively breeding mothers adjust prenatal investment depending on group size. Our aim was to survey these studies to assess, first, whether mothers consistently reduce or increase pre-natal investment when in larger groups and, second, whether these changes relate to variation in post-natal investment. Methods. We extracted data on the relationship between helper number and maternal pre-natal investment (egg size) from 12 studies on 10 species of cooperatively breeding vertebrates. We performed meta-analyses to calculate the overall estimated relationship between egg size and helper number, and to quantify variation among species. We also tested whether these relationships are stronger in species in which the addition of helpers is associated with significant changes in maternal and helper post-natal investment. Results. Across studies, there is a significant negative relationship between helper number and egg size, suggesting that in most instances mothers show reduced reproductive investment in larger groups, in particular in species in which mothers also show a significant reduction in post-natal investment. However, even in this limited sample, substantial variation exists in the relationship between helper number and egg size, and the overall effect appears to be driven by a few well-studied species, Discussion. Our results, albeit based on a small sample of studies and species, indicates that' cooperatively breeding females tend to produce smaller eggs in larger group These findings on prenatal investment accord with previous studies showing similar load-lightening reductions in postnatal parental effort (leading to concealed helper effects), but do not provide empirical support for differential allocation. However, the considerable variation in effect size across studies suggests that maternal investment is mitigated by additional factors. Our findings indicate that variation in the social environment may influence life-history strategiesies and suggest that future studies investigating within-indiviual changes in maternal investment in cooperative breeders offer a fruitful avenue to study the roIe of adaptive plasticity. [Dixit, Tanmay; English, Sinead; Lukas, Dieter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England; [English, Sinead] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England; [Lukas, Dieter] Max Plank Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Behav Ecol & Culture, Leipzig, Germany Dixit, T (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. tan-may.dixit@cantab.net English, Sinead/0000-0003-2898-2301 Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship; European Research Commission grant [294494-THCB2011] During the completion of this work, Sinead English was supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship, and Dieter Lukas was supported by a European Research Commission grant (no. 294494-THCB2011 to Tim Clutton-Brock). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Fitness implications of sex-specific catch-up growth in&IT Nephila senegalensis&IT, a spider with extreme reversed SSD PEERJ English Article Compensatory growth; SSD; Developmental plasticity; Feeding conditions; Araneae; Araneidae; Life-history ORB-WEAVING SPIDER; LIFE-HISTORY PLASTICITY; INSECT BODY-SIZE; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; WEB SPIDER; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; CLAVIPES FEMALES; MALE COMPETITION; DEVELOPMENT TIME; METABOLIC-RATE Background. Animal growth is often constrained by unfavourable conditions and divergences from optimal body size can be detrimental to an individual's fitness, particularly in species with determinate growth and a narrow time-frame for life-time reproduction. Growth restriction in early juvenile stages can later be compensated by means of plastic developmental responses, such as adaptive catch-up growth (the compensation of growth deficits through delayed development). Although sex differences regarding the mode and degree of growth compensation have been coherently predicted from sex-specific fitness payoffs, inconsistent results imply a need for further research. We used the African Nephila senegalensis, representing an extreme case of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD), to study fitness implications of sex-specific growth compensation. We predicted effective catch-up growth in early food-restricted females to result in full compensation of growth deficits and a life-time fecundity (LTF) equivalent to unrestricted females. Based on a stronger trade-off between size-related benefits and costs of a delayed maturation, we expected less effective catch-up growth in males.& para;& para;Methods. We tracked the development of over one thousand spiders in different feeding treatments, e.g., comprising a fixed period of early low feeding conditions followed by unrestricted feeding conditions, permanent unrestricted feeding conditions, or permanent low feeding conditions as a control. In a second experimental section, we assessed female fitness by measuring LTF in a subset of females. In addition, we tested whether compensatory development affected the reproductive lifespan in both sexes and analysed genotype-by-treatment interactions as a potential cause of variation in life-history traits.& para;& para;Results. Both sexes delayed maturation to counteract early growth restriction, but only females achieved full compensation of adult body size. Female catch-up growth resulted in equivalent LTF compared to unrestricted females. We found significant interactions between experimental treatments and sex as well as between treatments and family lineage, suggesting that family-specific responses contribute to the unusually large variation of life-history traits in Nephila spiders. Our feeding treatments had no effect on the reproductive lifespan in either sex.& para;& para;Discussion. Our findings are in line with predictions of life-history theory and corroborate strong fecundity selection to result in full female growth compensation. Males showed incomplete growth compensation despite a delayed development, indicating relaxed selection on large size and a stronger trade-off between late maturation and size-related benefits. We suggest that moderate catch-up growth in males is still adaptive as a 'bet-hedging' strategy to disperse unavoidable costs between life-history traits affected by early growth restriction (the duration of development and adult size). [Neumann, Rainer; Ruppel, Nicole; Schneider, Jutta M.] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel, Zool Inst, Hamburg, Germany Neumann, R (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel, Zool Inst, Hamburg, Germany. epeira@web.de Schneider, Jutta/G-3727-2010 Schneider, Jutta/0000-0001-8523-7354 Hmb NFG-Scholarship (Universitat Hamburg); German Science Foundation (DFG) [SCHN561/9-1] This work was supported by Hmb NFG-Scholarship (Universitat Hamburg) and the German Science Foundation (DFG) (SCHN561/9-1 to Jutta M. Schneider). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stillwell RC, 2010, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V277, P3819, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0895; Tawes BR, 2017, BIOL J LINN SOC, V120, P90; Uhl G, 2004, EVOL ECOL RES, V6, P523; Uhl G., 1994, THESIS; Vergauwen J, 2011, J EXP ZOOL PART A, V315A, P553, DOI 10.1002/jez.704; Walzer A, 2015, OIKOS, V124, P603, DOI 10.1111/oik.01687; West-Eberhard MJ, 2003, DEV PLASTICITY EVOLU; WILSON PN, 1960, BIOL REV, V35, P324, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1960.tb01466.x 89 0 0 7 13 PEERJ INC LONDON 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND 2167-8359 PEERJ PeerJ NOV 15 2017 5 e4050 10.7717/peerj.4050 24 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics FM8ZR WOS:000415381900005 29158981 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Varpe, O Varpe, Oystein Life History Adaptations to Seasonality INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY English Article OPTIMAL ANNUAL ROUTINES; PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICT; OPTIMAL MOLT STRATEGIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BODY-SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; MATCH-MISMATCH; ADAPTIVE VALUE; RED SQUIRRELS Seasonality creates a template for many natural processes and evolutionary adaptations. Organisms are often faced with an annual cycle consisting of a productive (favorable) and unproductive period. This yearly cycle along with other seasonal variations in abiotic factors and associated biotic interactions form strong selection pressures shaping the scheduling of annual activities and the developmental stages and modes of life through the year. Annual decisions impact trade-offs that involve both current and future reproductive value (RV), and life history theory provides the foundation to understand these linkages between phenology and an organism's full life. Annual routine models further allow for multiple annual decisions to be optimized and predicted with respect to lifetime consequences. Studies of life history adaptations to seasonality are concerned with questions such as: within the productive season, should growth come first, followed by reproduction, or the other way around? What is the best time to diapause or migrate, and how will this timing impact other life history traits? Should energy reserves be built, to transfer resources from 1 year to the next, and allow for the spatial and temporal freedom of capital breeding? If offspring value is low during parts of the productive season, what is then the best alternative to reproduction: accumulate stores, grow, or wait in safety? To help answer these and other questions, I provide an overview of key theoretical concepts and some of the main life schedules, annual routines, and trade-offs involved. Adaptations to the unproductive period include diapause (dormancy), embryonic resting stages (eggs, seeds), energy reserves, and seasonal migrations. Adaptations to the productive window include rapid growth, high reproductive effort, capital breeding, and reproduction entrained to the annual cycle and with precise timing. Distinct annual routines, large body size, energy storage capacities, and parental care are also adaptations to seasonality. Phenotypic plasticity and state-dependence are important parts of these traits and are adaptations in their own. I give particular attention to timing of breeding and the associated birth-time dependent contributions to fitness. Seasonality in offspring value impacts the scheduling of growth, storage, and reproduction and may create parent-offspring conflicts over breeding timing. A combined offspring and parent value perspective should be adopted more broadly, also because of the management implications. I further argue for strategic but careful use of latitudinal (and altitudinal) gradients, and more attention to the role of seasonally varying predation risk as a selective force. [Varpe, Oystein] Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, Dept Arctic Biol, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Varpe, Oystein] Akvaplan Niva, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway Varpe, O (reprint author), Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, Dept Arctic Biol, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway.; Varpe, O (reprint author), Akvaplan Niva, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. oystein.varpe@unis.no Varpe, Oystein/B-9693-2008 Varpe, Oystein/0000-0002-5895-6983 Fulbright Arctic Initiative; Research Council of Norway [227046]; SICB Symposium on Evolutionary Consequence of Seasonality I thank the Fulbright Arctic Initiative, the Research Council of Norway [grant 227046] and the SICB Symposium on Evolutionary Consequence of Seasonality for funding. 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A sample of 300 women (age 18-25) successfully genotyped for two LIN28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs364663 and rs314273) were used to test gene-environment interaction models. Results for both SNPs were consistent with the hypothesis that father absence would attenuate later AAM associated with LIN28B. Genetic index analysis of combined LIN28B SNPs showed that girls with at least one copy of the T/T genotype had later AAM if they were father present. Study strengths and the implications of GxE research for life history models are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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NOV 2017 38 6 761 769 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.06.002 9 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences FK8ZL WOS:000413800100009 2018-11-12 J Cayuela, H; Joly, P; Schmidt, BR; Pichenot, J; Bonnaire, E; Priol, P; Peyronel, O; Laville, M; Besnard, A Cayuela, Hugo; Joly, Pierre; Schmidt, Benedikt R.; Pichenot, Julian; Bonnaire, Eric; Priol, Pauline; Peyronel, Olivier; Laville, Mathias; Besnard, Aurelien Life history tactics shape amphibians' demographic responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY English Article amphibians; Bombina variegata; climate; fast-slow continuum; life history tactics; North Atlantic Oscillation; Salamandra salamandra; Triturus cristatus POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRITURUS-CRISTATUS; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SALAMANDRA-SALAMANDRA; TERRESTRIAL SURVIVAL; FIRE SALAMANDERS; LARGE HERBIVORES; DYNAMICS; FROG Over the last three decades, climate abnormalities have been reported to be involved in biodiversity decline by affecting population dynamics. A growing number of studies have shown that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) influences the demographic parameters of a wide range of plant and animal taxa in different ways. Life history theory could help to understand these different demographic responses to the NAO. Indeed, theory states that the impact of weather variation on a species' demographic traits should depend on its position along the fast-slow continuum. In particular, it is expected that NAO would have a higher impact on recruitment than on adult survival in slow species, while the opposite pattern is expected occur in fast species. To test these predictions, we used long-term capture-recapture datasets (more than 15,000 individuals marked from 1965 to 2015) on different surveyed populations of three amphibian species in Western Europe: Triturus cristatus, Bombina variegata, and Salamandra salamandra. Despite substantial intraspecific variation, our study revealed that these three species differ in their position on a slow-fast gradient of pace of life. Our results also suggest that the differences in life history tactics influence amphibian responses to NAO fluctuations: Adult survival was most affected by the NAO in the species with the fastest pace of life (T.cristatus), whereas recruitment was most impacted in species with a slower pace of life (B.variegata and S.salamandra). In the context of climate change, our findings suggest that the capacity of organisms to deal with future changes in NAO values could be closely linked to their position on the fast-slow continuum. 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D, 2010, ECOLOGY BEHAV AMPHIB; Werner EE, 2009, ECOL MONOGR, V79, P503, DOI 10.1890/08-1047.1 81 2 2 2 27 WILEY HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA 1354-1013 1365-2486 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL Glob. Change Biol. NOV 2017 23 11 4620 4638 10.1111/gcb.13672 19 Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology FI9JI WOS:000412322700016 28236653 2018-11-12 J Wilkins, LGE; da Cunha, LM; Menin, L; Ortiz, D; Vocat-Mottier, V; Hobil, M; Nusbaumer, D; Wedekind, C Wilkins, Laetitia G. E.; da Cunha, Lucas Marques; Menin, Laure; Ortiz, Daniel; Vocat-Mottier, Veronique; Hobil, Matay; Nusbaumer, David; Wedekind, Claus Maternal allocation of carotenoids increases tolerance to bacterial infection in brown trout OECOLOGIA English Article Tolerance to infection; Bacterial infection; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Salmonidae; Astaxanthin SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; RAINBOW-TROUT; EGG CAROTENOIDS; SKIN PIGMENTATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LIFE-HISTORY; VITAMIN-A; ASTAXANTHIN; SURVIVAL Life-history theory predicts that iteroparous females allocate their resources differently among different breeding seasons depending on their residual reproductive value. In iteroparous salmonids there is typically much variation in egg size, egg number, and in the compounds that females allocate to their clutch. These compounds include various carotenoids whose functions are not sufficiently understood yet. We sampled 37 female and 35 male brown trout from natural streams, collected their gametes for in vitro fertilizations, experimentally produced 185 families in 7 full-factorial breeding blocks, raised the developing embryos singly (n = 2960), and either sham-treated or infected them with Pseudomonas fluorescens. We used female redness (as a measure of carotenoids stored in the skin) and their allocation of carotenoids to clutches to infer maternal strategies. Astaxanthin contents largely determined egg colour. Neither egg weight nor female size was correlated with the content of this carotenoid. However, astaxanthin content was positively correlated with larval growth and with tolerance against P. fluorescens. There was a negative correlation between female skin redness and the carotenoid content of their eggs. Although higher astaxanthin contents in the eggs were associated with an improvement of early fitness-related traits, some females appeared not to maximally support their current offspring as revealed by the negative correlation between female red skin colouration and egg carotenoid content. This correlation was not explained by female size and supports the prediction of a maternal trade-off between current and future reproduction. [Wilkins, Laetitia G. E.; da Cunha, Lucas Marques; Vocat-Mottier, Veronique; Hobil, Matay; Nusbaumer, David; Wedekind, Claus] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Wilkins, Laetitia G. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Menin, Laure; Ortiz, Daniel] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Chem Sci & Engn ISIC, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Wedekind, C (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. claus.wedekind@unil.ch Wilkins, Laetitia/0000-0003-3632-2063; Wedekind, Claus/0000-0001-6143-4716 Swiss National Science Foundation We are grateful to L. Benaroyo, I. Castro, P. Christe, P. Engel, G. Glauser, D. Maitre, Y. Poirier, C. Primmer, T. Reusch, A. Uppal, A. Vallat, J. van der Meer and D. Zeugin for assistance in the field and/or discussion. We thank B. Bracher and U. Gutmann from the Fishery Inspectorate Bern for catching and taking care of the adult fish, C. Kung for permissions, R. Alford and two reviewers for helpful comments, and the Swiss National Science Foundation for funding. This study complied with the relevant ethical regulations imposed by the University of Lausanne, the canton, and the country in which it was carried out. 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H. Single Cell Phenotyping Reveals Heterogeneity Among Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following Infection STEM CELLS English Article In vivo systems biology; Cell migration; Bone marrow; Mathematical modeling; In vivo tracking; Stem cell-microenvironment interactions BONE-MARROW NICHE; IN-VIVO; PROGENITOR CELLS; SELF-RENEWAL; ALPHA-SHAPES; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; ENGRAFTMENT; ROBUSTNESS; MODULATION The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche provides essential microenvironmental cues for the production and maintenance of HSCs within the bone marrow. During inflammation, hematopoietic dynamics are perturbed, but it is not known whether changes to the HSC-niche interaction occur as a result. We visualize HSCs directly in vivo, enabling detailed analysis of the 3D niche dynamics and migration patterns in murine bone marrow following Trichinella spiralis infection. Spatial statistical analysis of these HSC trajectories reveals two distinct modes of HSC behavior: (a) a pattern of revisiting previously explored space and (b) a pattern of exploring new space. Whereas HSCs from control donors predominantly follow pattern (a), those from infected mice adopt both strategies. Using detailed computational analyses of cell migration tracks and life-history theory, we show that the increased motility of HSCs following infection can, perhaps counterintuitively, enable mice to cope better in deteriorating HSC-niche microenvironments following infection. [MacLean, Adam L.; Smith, Maia A.; Liepe, Juliane; Sim, Aaron; Khorshed, Reema; Rashidi, Narges M.; Lo Celso, Cristina; Stumpf, Michael P. H.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London, England; [Scherf, Nico; Krinner, Axel; Roeder, Ingo] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Med Informat & Biometry, Dresden, Germany; [Stumpf, Michael P. H.] Imperial Coll London, MRC London Inst Med Sci, London, England MacLean, AL; Stumpf, MPH (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, London, England. a.maclean@uci.edu; m.stumpf@imperial.ac.uk Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L023776/1]; National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research [NC/K001949/1] We thank Marc Mangel for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/L023776/1) (to A.L.M., R.K., C.L.C., and M.P.H.S.) and the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC/K001949/1) (to J.L.). A.L.M. is currently affiliated with the Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA; M.A.S. is currently affiliated with the Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, and Graduate Bioinformatics Training Program, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada; J.L. is currently affiliated with the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany; N.S. is currently affiliated with the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Germany. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stumpf MPH, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P15234, DOI 10.1073/pnas.232546899; Sugiyama T, 2006, IMMUNITY, V25, P977, DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.10.016; Sun JL, 2014, NATURE, V514, P322, DOI 10.1038/nature13824; Tamplin OJ, 2015, CELL, V160, P241, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.032; Tan ZX, 2017, ELIFE, V6, DOI 10.7554/eLife.21673; Tozluoglu M, 2013, NAT CELL BIOL, V15, P751, DOI 10.1038/ncb2775; Wilson A, 2009, CURR OPIN GENET DEV, V19, P461, DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2009.08.005 68 1 1 2 4 WILEY HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA 1066-5099 1549-4918 STEM CELLS Stem Cells NOV 2017 35 11 2292 2304 10.1002/stem.2692 13 Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Hematology FL0TS WOS:000413924300008 28833970 Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Chen, BB; Qu, WX Chen, Bin-Bin; Qu, Wenxiang Life history strategies and procrastination: The role of environmental unpredictability PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Procrastination; Life history; Slow/fast strategy; Environmental unpredictability CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; INSECURE ATTACHMENT; RESOURCE CONTROL; PERSONALITY; RISK; ADOLESCENCE; UNCERTAINTY; ORIENTATION; ADULTHOOD Life history theory provides a unifying perspective on understanding human behaviors as adaptive strategies in response to particular environmental conditions. Procrastination, characterized by seeking immediate hedonic rewards and avoiding investment for future rewards, can be seen as a fast life history strategy in response to the unpredictable environment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between environmental unpredictability, life history strategies and procrastination. In two studies, participants completed a measure of environmental unpredictability, life history strategies and procrastination. Samples included 577 adolescents (Study 1) and 253 young adults (Study 2). Across two studies, we found that those who perceived environmental unpredictability reported greater levels of procrastination. Furthermore, a slow life history strategy mediated the association between perceptions of environmental unpredictability and procrastination. Implications for life history theory, conceptualizing procrastination, and future research directions are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Chen, Bin-Bin; Qu, Wenxiang] Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China Chen, BB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. chenbinbin@fudan.edu.cn Teaching and Research Section of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [JX09JC03201601]; School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University This study was supported by Teaching and Research Section of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (JX09JC03201601), and the research fund of the School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University. 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Individ. Differ. OCT 15 2017 117 23 29 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.036 7 Psychology, Social Psychology FC0ZP WOS:000406567500005 2018-11-12 J Mishra, S; Templeton, AJ; Meadows, TJS Mishra, Sandeep; Templeton, Andrew J.; Meadows, Tyler J. S. Living, fast and slow: Is life history orientation associated with risk-related personality traits, risk attitudes, criminal outcomes, and gambling? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Life history; Risk; Personality; Attitudes; Crime; Gambling CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; SENSATION SEEKING; BEHAVIOR; VALIDITY; STRATEGY; RELIABILITY; FUTURE; SCALE Life history theory is an influential framework for understanding how organisms allocate time and energy towards important life functions. Life history orientations range on a continuum from "fast" to "slow". Broadly, fast life histories characterize individuals who tend to engage in impulsive and present-oriented decision-making and behavior, whereas slow life histories characterize individuals who tend to engage in more deliberative, future-oriented decision-making and behavior. We examined whether individual differences in life history orientations are associated with risk-associated personality traits (impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and self-control), risk attitudes in multiple domains, and key risky behavioral outcomes (general gambling involvement, problem gambling tendencies, and criminality). Results indicate that relatively faster life history orientations were broadly associated with higher levels of risk-related traits, attitudes, and outcomes. Exploratory regression analyses indicated that life history orientation explained variance in criminal outcomes even when controlling for risk-relevant individual differences. Together, these findings suggest that life history orientation is broadly associated with a general "taste for risk" and risk-taking behavior. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Mishra, Sandeep] Univ Regina, Fac Business Adm, Regina, SK, Canada; [Templeton, Andrew J.; Meadows, Tyler J. S.] Univ Regina, Dept Psychol, Regina, SK, Canada Mishra, S (reprint author), Univ Regina, Fac Business Adm, Regina, SK, Canada. sandeep.mishra@uregina.ca Mishra, Sandeep/0000-0002-8390-1853 SSHRC Insight Development Grant [430-2015-01202] This work was supported by a SSHRC Insight Development Grant (430-2015-01202) to SM. 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Psychol. OCT 9 2017 8 1771 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01771 5 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FJ1OI WOS:000412486800001 29062299 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Perez-Cala, AE; Benitez-Sanchez, E Perez-Cala, Armando E.; Benitez-Sanchez, Edgar Human Evolutionary Carcinogenesis and Effects of Demographic and Epidemiologic Transitions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries MEDICC REVIEW English Review Carcinogenesis; oncogenesis; tumorigenesis; population dynamics; health transition; biological evolution; cultural evolution; life history theory; Cuba STEM-CELL DIVISIONS; CANCER-RISK; BREAST-CANCER; LATIN-AMERICA; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; PATTERNS; TRENDS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; RATES INTRODUCTION In many countries cancer is or threatens to become the leading cause of death, although incidence and mortality rates differ between high-income and low-and middle-income countries. Developments in evolutionary biology have revealed that carcinogenesis is even more complex than previously thought. Several theories attempt to integrate the various existing points of view about what is known to date. OBJECTIVES Analyze and explain the main current theories of carcinogenesis and explore their possible application to understanding the demographic and epidemiologic transitions' effects on cancer population dynamics in low-and middle-income countries. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic literature review was carried out in MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS (via ScienceDirect) and SciELO. Consistency and quality of evidence in articles reviewed were taken into account; we excluded studies with consistency levels of IV and V, and those with limited or insufficient quality of evidence. DEVELOPMENT Human evolution has led to a type of life history characterized by numerous tradeoffs with oncogenic implications. Cultural coevolution and socioeconomic development have affected cancer population dynamics. Several theories explain carcinogenesis from an ecological and evolutionary perspective, among them somatic mutation, adaptive oncogenesis, life history theories, and the Noble and Hochberg model. The human environmental effect on cancer risk is manifested in the influence of demographic and epidemiologic transitions in low-and middle-income countries, where cancer represents a high disease burden due to the effects of recently introduced environmental factors in native environments, accentuation of adaptive decoupling, and diversification of genetic polymorphisms for cancer susceptibility. 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OCT 2017 19 4 35 42 8 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Public, Environmental & Occupational Health FU0CO WOS:000423519200008 2018-11-12 J Smith, D Smith, Daniel O brother, where art thou? Investment in siblings for inclusive fitness benefits, not father absence, predicts earlier age at menarche BIOLOGY LETTERS English Article inclusive fitness; siblings; father absence; menarche; life history; ALSPAC LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; HUMANS; STRATEGIES; SOCIETIES; MONOGAMY; SAMPLE; FAMILY; GIRLS; KIN Numerous studies have indicated that father absence is associated with earlier age at menarche, with many evolutionary theories assuming that father absence is a causal factor that accelerates reproductive development. However, an alternative interpretation suggests that offspring may reproduce earlier in the presence of half-or step-siblings as the indirect fitness benefits to investing in them are lower, relative to delaying reproduction and investing in full siblings. From this perspective, father absence may perform no causal role in facilitating the onset of menarche. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, I find that individuals with only half-or step-siblings reach reproductive age earlier than those with only full siblings, with no independent effect of father absence. These results suggest that inclusive fitness benefits to investing in siblings, rather than father absence, may predict variation in age at menarche. These results provide a greater understanding of the adaptive mechanisms involved in reproductive decision-making, as well as potential implications for human life-history evolution and cooperative breeding more broadly. [Smith, Daniel] Univ Bristol, Bristol Med Sch Populat Hlth Sci, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England Smith, D (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol Med Sch Populat Hlth Sci, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. dan.smith@bristol.ac.uk Smith, Daniel/0000-0001-6467-2023 Wellcome (Grant) [102215/2/13/2]; UK Medical Research Council The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. 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Lett. OCT 1 2017 13 10 20170464 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0464 4 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology FL0OC WOS:000413909700008 29046373 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Hughes, PW Hughes, Patrick William Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Review annual; iteroparity; life history; parity; perennial; phenology; reproduction; semelparity LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; FLOWERING-LOCUS-C; FEMALE THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; STEGODYPHUS-LINEATUS ERESIDAE; BIENNIAL DIGITALIS-PURPUREA; INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LOLIGO-VULGARIS-REYNAUDII; STATE-VARIABLE MODEL; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA The number of times an organism reproduces (i.e., its mode of parity) is a fundamental life-history character, and evolutionary and ecological models that compare the relative fitnesses of different modes of parity are common in life-history theory and theoretical biology. Despite the success of mathematical models designed to compare intrinsic rates of increase (i.e., density-independent growth rates) between annual-semelparous and perennial-iteroparous reproductive schedules, there is widespread evidence that variation in reproductive allocation among semelparous and iteroparous organisms alike is continuous. This study reviews the ecological and molecular evidence for the continuity and plasticity of modes of paritythat is, the idea that annual-semelparous and perennial-iteroparous life histories are better understood as endpoints along a continuum of possible strategies. I conclude that parity should be understood as a continuum of different modes of parity, which differ by the degree to which they disperse or concentrate reproductive effort in time. I further argue that there are three main implications of this conclusion: (1) that seasonality should not be conflated with parity; (2) that mathematical models purporting to explain the general evolution of semelparous life histories from iteroparous ones (or vice versa) should not assume that organisms can only display either an annual-semelparous life history or a perennial-iteroparous one; and (3) that evolutionary ecologists should base explanations of how different life-history strategies evolve on the physiological or molecular basis of traits underlying different modes of parity. [Hughes, Patrick William] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Cologne, Germany Hughes, PW (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Cologne, Germany. whughes@mpipz.mpg.de Hughes, P. William/G-9119-2018 Hughes, P. 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Evol. OCT 2017 7 20 8232 8261 10.1002/ece3.3341 30 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology FK2JO WOS:000413308700008 29075446 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Zilioli, S; Bird, BM Zilioli, Samuele; Bird, Brian M. Functional significance of men's testosterone reactivity to social stimuli FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY English Review Testosterone reactivity; Hormones; Life history; Evolution; Competition; Aggression; Mating; Parenting IMPLICIT POWER MOTIVATION; HEALTHY-YOUNG WOMEN; DUAL-HORMONE HYPOTHESIS; 2ND-TO-4TH DIGIT RATIO; MEDIATED TRADE-OFF; SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE; HUMAN MALES; EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; SEXUAL AROUSAL Rapid testosterone fluctuations in response to social stimuli are observed across a wide range of species, and the highly conserved nature of these fluctuations suggests an adaptive function. This paper reviews the current literature on testosterone reactivity, primarily in human males, and illustrates how life-history theory provides an adequate theoretical framework to interpret findings. The review is structured around supporting evidence suggesting that situations implicated in mating effort either directly (e.g., interactions with a mate) or indirectly (e.g., intrasexual competition) are generally associated with a brief elevation of testosterone, while situations implicated in parenting effort (e.g., nurturant interactions with offspring) are generally associated with a decline in testosterone. Further, we discuss how these fluctuations in testosterone have been linked to future behaviors, and how situational, motivational, and physiological variables moderate the interplay between social stimuli, testosterone reactivity, and behavior. Supporting the notion that testosterone can play a causal role in modulating behavior in response to social stimuli, we also summarize recent single administration studies examining the effects of testosterone on physiology, neurobiology, and behavior. A conceptual model provides links between supported findings, and hypothesized pathways requiring future testing. [Zilioli, Samuele] Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA; [Zilioli, Samuele] Wayne State Univ, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA; [Bird, Brian M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Psychol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada Zilioli, S (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. sam.zilioli@gmail.com; brian.bird33@gmail.com Wayne State University Office of the Vice President for Research; Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS Doctoral Scholarship This work was supported by funding provided by Wayne State University Office of the Vice President for Research (to SZ) and a Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS Doctoral Scholarship (to BMB). Funding sources did not play any role in the design, interpretation and synthesis of literature, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 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Neuroendocrinol. OCT 2017 47 1 18 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.06.002 18 Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology FI7CV WOS:000412154600001 28676436 2018-11-12 J Precigout, PA; Claessen, D; Robert, C Precigout, Pierre-Antoine; Claessen, David; Robert, Corinne Crop Fertilization Impacts Epidemics and Optimal Latent Period of Biotrophic Fungal Pathogens PHYTOPATHOLOGY English Article life history theory; structured-population model RUST UREDOSPORE PRODUCTION; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; SEPTORIA-TRITICI BLOTCH; LEAF NITROGEN STATUS; WINTER-WHEAT; DISEASE-CONTROL; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; POWDERY MILDEW; OPTIMAL ALLOCATION; SPORE PRODUCTION Crop pathogens are known to rapidly adapt to agricultural practices. Although cultivar resistance breakdown and resistance to pesticides have been broadly studied, little is known about the adaptation of crop pathogens to fertilization regimes and no epidemiological model has addressed that question. However, this is a critical issue for developing sustainable low-input agriculture. In this article, we use a model of life history evolution of biotrophic wheat fungal pathogens in order to understand how they could adapt to changes in fertilization practices. We focus on a single pathogen life history trait, the latent period, which directly determines the amount of resources allocated to growth and reproduction along with the speed of canopy colonization. We implemented three fertilization scenarios, corresponding to major effects of increased nitrogen fertilization on crops: (i) increase in nutrient concentration in leaves, (ii) increase of leaf lifespan, and (iii) increase of leaf number (tillering) and size that leads to a bigger canopy size. For every scenario, we used two different fitness measures to identify putative evolutionary responses of latent period to changes in fertilization level. We observed that annual spore production increases with fertilization, because it results in more resources available to the pathogens. Thus, diminishing the use of fertilizers could reduce biotrophic fungal epidemics. We found a positive relationship between the optimal latent period and fertilization when maximizing total spore production over an entire season. In contrast, we found a negative relationship between the optimal latent period and fertilization when maximizing the within-season exponential growth rate of the pathogen. These contrasting results were consistent over the three tested fertilization scenarios. They suggest that between-strain diversity in the latent period, as has been observed in the field, may be due to diversifying selection in different cultural environments. [Precigout, Pierre-Antoine; Claessen, David] Ecole Normale Super, Inst Biol, CNRS ENS INSERM UMR8197, 46 Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France; [Robert, Corinne] Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS INRA, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France Precigout, PA (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Inst Biol, CNRS ENS INSERM UMR8197, 46 Rue Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France. pierre-antoine.precigout@cri-paris.org Claessen, David/S-7596-2017 Claessen, David/0000-0001-7354-1316 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Ecole Normale Superieure called "Towards an agro-ecological theory of plant-pathogen interactions" P.-A. Precigout received funding from the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique in the form of a Contrat Jeunes Scientifiques grant. D. Claessen and C. Robert were supported through the Projet Incitatif grant from Ecole Normale Superieure called "Towards an agro-ecological theory of plant-pathogen interactions". We thank M. Maillard and M. 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Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between the resources allocated to reproduction and those allocated to survival. Early maturation of eggs (pro-ovigeny) is correlated with small body size and low adult longevity in interspecific comparisons among parasitoids, demonstrating this trade-off. The handful of studies that, have tested for similar correlations within species produced conflicting results. 2. Egg maturation patterns and related life-history traits were studied in the polyembryonic parasitoid wasp, Copidosoma koehleri (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae). Although the genus Copidosoma was previously reported to be fully pro-ovigenic, mean egg loads of host-deprived females almost doubled within their first 6 days of adulthood. 3. The initial egg-loads of newly emerged females were determined and age-specific realised fecundity curves were constructed for their clone-mate twins. The females' initial egg loads increased with body size, but neither body size nor initial egg load was correlated with longevity and fecundity. 4. The variation in initial egg loads was lowest among clone-mates, intermediate among non-clone sisters and highest among non-sister females. The within-clone variability indicates environmental influences on egg maturation, while the between-clone variation may be genetically based. 5. Ovaries of host-deprived females contained fewer eggs at death (at 29 days) than on day 6. Their egg loads at death were negatively correlated with life span, consistent with reduced egg production and/or egg resorption. Host deprivation prolonged the wasps' life span, suggesting a survival cost to egg maturation and oviposition. 6. It is concluded that adult fecundity and longevity were not traded off with pre-adult egg maturation. [Keinan, Yael; Kishinevsky, Miriam] Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel; [Keasar, Tamar] Univ Haifa, Dept Biol & Environm, Qiryat Tivon, Israel Keinan, Y (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary & Environm Biol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. yaelkey@walla.com Israel Science Foundation; University of Haifa; Oranim College This work was supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation, the University of Haifa and Oranim College. We thank Racheli Braun for technical assistance and Nina Dinov and Final Bar-Ziv for rearing the insects in the laboratory. We are grateful to Michal Segoli, to Eric Wajnherg and to two anonymous referees for helpful comments. YK, MK and TK conceived the ideas and designed the methodology; YK collected and analysed the data; YK and TK led the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication. The authors have no conflicting interests. 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Entomol. OCT 2017 42 5 587 594 10.1111/een.12422 8 Entomology Entomology FF6DA WOS:000409093100006 2018-11-12 J Kornis, MS; Weidel, BC; Vander Zanden, MJ Kornis, Matthew S.; Weidel, Brian C.; Vander Zanden, M. Jake Divergent life histories of invasive round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Michigan and its tributaries ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH English Article invasive species; life history; Laurentian Great Lakes; Lake Michigan; environmental characteristics; round goby LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; UPPER DETROIT RIVER; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MOTTLED SCULPIN; RANGE EXPANSION; GOBY; GROWTH; AGE; FISH Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) have invaded benthic habitats of the Laurentian Great Lakes and connected tributary streams. Although connected, these two systems generally differ in temperature (Great Lakes are typically colder), food availability (Dreissenid mussels are more prevalent in Great Lakes), and system size and openness. Here, we compare round goby life histories from inshore Lake Michigan and adjacent tributary systemsan uncommon case study of life-history differences between connected systems. Tributary round gobies grew much faster (average length-at-age of 122.3 vs. 65.7mm for Age 2+ round gobies), appeared to have shorter life spans (maximum observed age of 2 vs. 5) and had lower age-at-50% maturity (1.6 vs. 2.4years; females only) compared to gobies from Lake Michigan. In addition, tributary gobies had greater fecundity at Ages 1-2 than lake gobies, but had fewer eggs for a given body size prior to the first spawning event of the summer. We were not able to determine the cause of the observed life-history differences. Nonetheless, the observed differences in growth, maturation and longevity were consistent with known effects of water temperature, as well as predictions of life-history theory for animals at invasion fronts exposed to novel environmental conditions. The high degree of phenotypic plasticity in connected populations of this invasive species has implications for our understanding of invasive species impacts in different habitats. [Kornis, Matthew S.; Vander Zanden, M. Jake] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY USA; [Kornis, Matthew S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA Kornis, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. matthew_kornis@fws.gov University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute [NA06OAR4170011, R/AI-3] We appreciate the efforts of Gabrielle Lehrer-Brey for assistance with field collections, Adam Krause for contributing to the fecundity analysis, Ian Harding for help with otolith processing and age estimation and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier version of this article. This work was funded by a grant from the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute, federal grant number NA06OAR4170011 project numbers R/AI-3, to Jake Vander Zanden. Scientific collection permits were obtained from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources prior to sampling, and animal handling conformed to the University of Wisconsin's animal care protocols. Mention of specific product or trade names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 2067 to the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. 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A Hypothesis and Review of the Relationship between Selection for Improved Production Efficiency, Coping Behavior, and Domestication FRONTIERS IN GENETICS English Review coping styles; domestication; feed efficiency; genetic selection; life-history theory; resource allocation NONAGGRESSIVE MALE-MICE; RESIDUAL FEED-INTAKE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; A-BEHAVIOR; BEEF-CATTLE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ANIMAL PERSONALITIES; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; FEATHER PECKING Coping styles in response to stressors have been described both in humans and in other animal species. Because coping styles are directly related to individual fitness they are part of the life history strategy. Behavioral styles trade off with other life-history traits through the acquisition and allocation of resources. Domestication and subsequent artificial selection for production traits specifically focused on selection of individuals with energy sparing mechanisms for non-production traits. Domestication resulted in animals with low levels of aggression and activity, and a low hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. In the present work, we propose that, vice versa, selection for improved production efficiency may to some extent continue to favor docile domesticated phenotypes. It is hypothesized that both domestication and selection for improved production efficiency may result in the selection of reactive style animals. Both domesticated and reactive style animals are characterized by low levels of aggression and activity, and increased serotonin neurotransmitter levels. However, whereas domestication quite consistently results in a decrease in the functional state of the HPA axis, the reactive coping style is often found to be dominated by a high HPA response. This may suggest that fearfulness and coping behavior are two independent underlying dimensions to the coping response. Although it is generally proposed that animal welfare improves with selection for calmer animals that are less fearful and reactive to novelty, animals bred to be less sensitive with fewer desires may be undesirable from an ethical point of view. [Rauw, Wendy M.; Gomez-Raya, Luis] Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Dept Mejora Genet Anim, Madrid, Spain; [Rauw, Wendy M.; Johnson, Anna K.; Gomez-Raya, Luis; Dekkers, Jack C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA Rauw, WM (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Dept Mejora Genet Anim, Madrid, Spain.; Rauw, WM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. rauw.wendy@inia.es Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government, project "Caracterizacion molecular de la eficiencia alimentaria y de los caracteres reproductivos en cerdo iberico" [AGL2016-75942-R]; SusAn project [35]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [696231]; ERA-Net This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government, project "Caracterizacion molecular de la eficiencia alimentaria y de los caracteres reproductivos en cerdo iberico" (AGL2016-75942-R). 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SEP 27 2017 8 1727 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01727 3 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FI2QK WOS:000411785600001 29021773 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Zamora-Carnacho, FJ; Comas, M Javier Zamora-Carnacho, Francisco; Comas, Mar Greater reproductive investment, but shorter lifespan, in agrosystem than in natural-habitat toads PEERJ English Article Amphibian declines; Conservation; Habitat anthropization; Life-history theory AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; AFRICAN CLAWED FROG; NATTERJACK TOADS; BUFO-CALAMITA; BODY-SIZE; HISTORY EVOLUTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; RICE AGROECOSYSTEMS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; AGE STRUCTURE Global amphibian decline is due to several factors: habitat loss, anthropization, pollution, emerging diseases, and global warming. Amphibians, with complex life cycles, are particularly susceptible to habitat alterations, and their survival may be impaired in anthropized habitats. Increased mortality is a vvell-knovvn consequence of anthropization. Life-history theory predicts higher reproductive investment when mortality is increased. In this work, we compared age, body size, and different indicators of reproductive investment, as well as prey availability, in natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita) from agrosysterns and adjacent natural pine groves in Southwestern Spain. Mean age was lower in agrosysterns than in pine groves, possibly as a consequence of increased mortality due to agrosystem environmental stressors. Remarkably, agrosystem toads were larger despite being younger, suggesting accelerated growth rate. Although we detected no differences in prey availability between habitats, artificial irrigation could shorten aestivation in agrosysterns, thus increasing energy trade. Moreover, agrosystem toads exhibited increased indicators of reproductive linvestment. In the light of life history theory, agrosystern toads might compensate for lesser reproductive events due to shorter lives with a higher reproductive investment in each attempt. Our results show that agrosystems may alter demography, which may have complex consequences on both individual fitness and population stability. [Javier Zamora-Carnacho, Francisco] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Javier Zamora-Carnacho, Francisco] CSIC, MNCN, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, Madrid, Spain; [Comas, Mar] CSIC, EBD, Seville, Spain Zamora-Carnacho, FJ (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.; Zamora-Carnacho, FJ (reprint author), CSIC, MNCN, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, Madrid, Spain. zamcam@ugr.es CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Comas, Mar/H-6350-2018 CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Comas, Mar/0000-0002-2760-9321 Fundacion Ramon Areces postdoctoral fellowship; Juan de la Cierva-Formacion postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad; Severo Ochoa [SVP-2014-068620] The expenses of the work were assumed by the authors. FJZ-C was partly supported by a Fundacion Ramon Areces postdoctoral fellowship and a Juan de la Cierva-Formacion postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad. MC was supported by a Severo Ochoa contract (ref: SVP-2014-068620). There was no additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Chow, M; Leos-Barajas, V; Hynes, S; Hobbs, B; Sparkman, AM Gangloff, Eric J.; Chow, Melinda; Leos-Barajas, Vianey; Hynes, Stephanie; Hobbs, Brooke; Sparkman, Amanda M. Integrating behaviour into the pace-of-life continuum: Divergent levels of activity and information gathering in fast-and slow-living snakes BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES English Article Tongue flicks; Movement; Hidden Markov model; Predation; Habituation; Pace-of-life syndrome; Tharnnophis elegans HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; GARTER SNAKE; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; ANIMAL PERSONALITY; HISTORY ECOTYPES; OPEN-FIELD; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; POPULATION-LEVEL; IMMUNE DEFENSE An animal's life history, physiology, and behaviour can be shaped by selection in a manner that favours strong associations among these aspects of an integrated phenotype. Recent work combining animal personality and life-history theory proposes that animals with faster life-history strategies (i.e., fast growth, high annual reproductive rate, short lifespan) should exhibit higher general activity levels relative to those with slower life history strategies, but empirical tests of within-species variation in these traits are lacking. In garter snakes from ecotypes which are known to differ in ecology, life -history strategy, and physiology, we tested for differences in tongue -flick rate as a measure of information gathering and movement patterns as a measure of general activity. Tongue flicks and movement were strongly positively correlated and both behaviours were repeatable across trials. Snakes from the fast-living ecotype were more active and showed evidence of habituation. The slow-living ecotype maintained low levels of activity throughout the trials. We propose that environmental factors, such as high predation, experienced by the fast-living ecotype select for both increased information-gathering and activity levels to facilitate efficient responses to repeated challenges. Thus, we offer evidence that behaviour is an important component of co-evolved suites of traits forming a general pace -of-life continuum in this system. [Gangloff, Eric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA; [Chow, Melinda; Hynes, Stephanie; Hobbs, Brooke; Sparkman, Amanda M.] Westmont Coll, Dept Biol, 955 La Paz Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA; [Leos-Barajas, Vianey] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA Sparkman, AM (reprint author), Westmont Coll, Dept Biol, 955 La Paz Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA. sparkman@westmont.edu Oppenhuizen, Brooke/0000-0001-5499-3122; Leos-Barajas, Vianey/0000-0001-8016-773X Westmont College Undergraduate Research Fellowships; Iowa Science Foundation [15-11]; ISU Office of Biotechnology We are grateful to A. Bronikowski and to K. Martin for support in the lab and in the field. We also acknowledge constructive manuscript feedback from G. Burghardt, B. Danielson, P. Dixon, and F. Janzen. This project received funding support from Westmont College Undergraduate Research Fellowships to MC, SH, and BH and the Iowa Science Foundation (15-11). EJG received additional support from a fellowship from the ISU Office of Biotechnology. All animals were captured with the permission of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (SCP 8727). The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Iowa State University (protocol # 1-12-7285-J) and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Westmont College (protocol # 855) approved these methods. 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Processes SEP 2017 142 156 163 10.10164/j.beproc.2007.06.006 8 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology FH9NR WOS:000411539500024 28648696 2018-11-12 J Hodges-Simeon, CR; Prall, SP; Blackwell, AD; Gurven, M; Gaulin, SJC Hodges-Simeon, Carolyn R.; Prall, Sean P.; Blackwell, Aaron D.; Gurven, Michael; Gaulin, Steven J. C. Adrenal maturation, nutritional status, and mucosal immunity in Bolivian youth AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY English Article DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE LEVELS; HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; DHEA-S; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANDROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS; AMAZONIAN POPULATION; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; BRIEF COMMUNICATION; FAT DISTRIBUTION ObjectivesHumansand several other apesexhibit a unique pattern of post-natal adrenal maturation; however, the causes and consequences of variation in adrenal development are not well understood. In this study, we examine developmental and age-related maturation of the adrenal gland (measured via dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]) for potential life-history associations with growth and mucosal immunity in a rural population of immune-challenged Bolivian juveniles and adolescents. METHODSSalivary DHEA-S, anthropometrics, and salivary mucosal immunity (secretory IgA [sIgA]) were measured in 171 males and females, aged 8-23. RESULTSMales with greater energy (i.e. fat) stores showed higher DHEA-S levels. Controlling for age and energetic condition (to control for phenotypic correlation), higher DHEA-S was associated with higher mucosal immunity (sIgA) among both males and females. Higher DHEA-S levels were positively associated with growth (i.e. height and strength) in males. CONCLUSIONSIn accordance with predictions derived from life-history theory, males with higher energy stores secrete more adrenal androgens. This suggests that adrenal maturation is costly and subject to constraints; that is, only males with sufficient reserves will invest in accelerated adrenal maturation. Further, DHEA-S appears to have a measureable influence on immunocompetence in adolescent males and females; therefore, deficits in DHEA-S may have important consequences for health and maturation during this period. Adrenal maturation is an important, but understudied component of human growth and development. [Hodges-Simeon, Carolyn R.] Boston Univ, Dept Anthropol, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [Prall, Sean P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Blackwell, Aaron D.; Gurven, Michael; Gaulin, Steven J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Hodges-Simeon, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Anthropol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. crhodges@bu.edu Blackwell, Aaron/0000-0002-5871-9865 Wenner-Gren dissertation fieldwork grant; NSF [BCS-0136761]; NIH/NIA [R01AG024119-01, R56AG024119-06, R01AG024119-07] This work was supported by a Wenner-Gren dissertation fieldwork grant. The Tsimane Health and Life History project is supported by grants from NSF (BCS-0136761) and NIH/NIA (R01AG02411901, R56AG024119-06, R01AG024119-07). 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J. Hum. Biol. SEP-OCT 2017 29 5 e23025 10.1002/ajhb.23025 14 Anthropology; Biology Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics FG2HE WOS:000409912100023 28653779 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Krems, JA; Kenrick, DT; Neel, R Krems, Jaimie Arona; Kenrick, Douglas T.; Neel, Rebecca Individual Perceptions of Self-Actualization: What Functional Motives Are Linked to Fulfilling One's Full Potential? PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN English Article motivation; goals; social cognition; self-actualization; fundamental motives; evolution ET-AL. 2010; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; EVOLUTION; PSYCHOLOGY; CREATIVITY Maslow's self-actualization remains a popular notion in academic research as well as popular culture. The notion that life's highest calling is fulfilling one's own unique potential has been widely appealing. But what do people believe they are doing when they pursue the realization of their full, unique potentials? Here, we examine lay perceptions of self-actualization. Self-actualizing, like any drive, is unlikely to operate without regard to biological and social costs and benefits. We examine which functional outcomes (e.g., gaining status, making friends, finding mates, caring for kin) people perceive as central to their individual self-actualizing. Three studies suggest that people most frequently link self-actualization to seeking status, and, concordant with life history theory, what people regard as self-actualizing varies in predictable ways across the life span and across individuals. Contrasting with self-actualization, people do not view other types of well-beingeudaimonic, hedonic, subjectiveas furthering status-linked functional outcomes. [Krems, Jaimie Arona; Kenrick, Douglas T.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA; [Neel, Rebecca] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA Krems, JA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, 950 S McAllister St, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. jaimie.krems@asu.edu Krems, Jaimie Arona/0000-0002-2590-2241 Ackerman JM, 2010, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V5, P323, DOI 10.1177/1745691610369472; AMABILE TM, 1983, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V45, P357, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.45.2.357; Baumeister RF, 2013, J POSIT PSYCHOL, V8, P505, DOI 10.1080/17439760.2013.830764; BUSS DM, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P251, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00038.x; Diener E, 1998, PSYCHOL INQ, V9, P33, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0901_3; Diener E., 2000, J HAPPINESS STUD, V1, P41, DOI [10.1023/A:1010076127199, DOI 10.1023/A:1010076127199]; Fitts W. H., 1971, MONOGRAPH, V3; Goldstein K, 1939, ORGANISM; Gowan J. 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R., 1992, J SOCIAL BEHAV PERSO, V77, P295; Tooby J., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P19, DOI DOI 10.1086/418398; WALKER BA, 1992, GIFTED CHILD QUART, V36, P201, DOI 10.1177/001698629203600406 36 3 3 1 23 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA 0146-1672 1552-7433 PERS SOC PSYCHOL B Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. SEP 2017 43 9 1337 1352 10.1177/0146167217713191 16 Psychology, Social Psychology FC0XM WOS:000406562000009 28903683 2018-11-12 J Patch, EA; Figueredo, AJ Patch, Emily Anne; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose Childhood stress, life history, psychopathy, and sociosexuality PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Early life stress; Life history theory; Sociosexual attitudes; Psychopathy; Short-term mating STRATEGY; EXPERIENCES; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR This paper explores how Early Life Stress (ELS) and Life History (LH) strategy impact personality and attitudes toward infidelity, mating effort, and casual sex. A sample of 300 participants reported biodemographic behavioral outcomes, such as their number of lifetime sex partners, which correlated with ELS, LH strategy, and unrestricted sociosexual attitudes (albeit not strongly). A structural equations model was specified and demonstrated that effects of ELS and LH on unrestricted sociosexual attitudes were partially mediated through psychopathy. ELS, LH, and an antagonistic social schema increased psychopathy, which then directly increased unrestricted sociosexual attitudes. These results support the theory that psychopathy is an adaptive trait meant to increase short-term mating opportunities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Patch, Emily Anne; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA Patch, EA (reprint author), Dept Psychol, 1503 E Univ Blvd,POB 210068, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. epatch@email.arizona.edu Baum W., 2004, UNDERSTANDING BEHAV; Bentler P. 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Joanne; Lilly, George R.; Dieckmann, Ulf; Heino, Mikko Reproductive investment in Atlantic cod populations off Newfoundland: Contrasting trends between males and females FACETS English Article reproductive investment; fisheries-induced evolution; Atlantic cod; gonad weight FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; GADUS-MORHUA L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; BROADCAST SPAWNER; SPERM COMPETITION; NATURAL-SELECTION; EGG SIZE; FECUNDITY Life history theory predicts selection for higher reproductive investment in response to increased mortality among mature individuals. We tested this prediction over the period from 1978 to 2013 for three populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland. These populations were heavily fished for a long period. We considered changes in standardized gonad weight as a proxy for changes in gonadal investment. We accounted for the allometry between gonad and body weight, individual body condition, water temperature, and potential spatial and density-dependent effects. Males display significant temporal trends in gonadal investment in all populations; in agreement with theoretical predictions, these trends show increased gonadal investments during the earlier part of the time series when mortality was high, with the trends leveling off or reversing after the later imposition of fishing moratoria. In contrast, females display patterns that are less consistent and expected; significant trends are detected only when accounting for density-dependent effects, with females in two populations unexpectedly showing a long-term decline in gonadal investment. Our results support the hypothesis that fisheries-induced evolution has occurred in gonadal investment in males, but not in females, and suggest that gonadal investment is more important for male reproductive success than expected in this lekking species. [Baulier, Loic; Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Baulier, Loic; Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Morgan, M. Joanne; Lilly, George R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF AIC 5X1, Canada; [Dieckmann, Ulf; Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Heino, Mikko] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan; [Baulier, Loic] IFREMER, Fisheries Biodivers Unit, UMSR LEEISA, BP 477, F-97331 Cayenne, France Baulier, L (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.; Baulier, L (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.; Baulier, L (reprint author), IFREMER, Fisheries Biodivers Unit, UMSR LEEISA, BP 477, F-97331 Cayenne, France. loic.baulier@ifremer.fr Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009 Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940 European Commission, as part of the Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE [MRTN-CT-2004-005578]; Specific Targeted Research Project FinE under the European Community's Sixth Framework Program [SSP-2006-044276]; Bergen Research Foundation; Norwegian Research Council [214189]; European Science Foundation; Austrian Science Fund; Austrian Ministry of Science and Research; Vienna Science and Technology Fund; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), R.O.C. [105-2811-M-002-068] We thank the many scientific and ship staff involved in the collection of the data used in this study, as well as Christian Jorgensen, Tom Van Dooren, Peter Wright, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This study has been performed with financial support from the European Commission, as part of the Marie Curie Research Training Network FishACE (MRTN-CT-2004-005578) and the Specific Targeted Research Project FinE (SSP-2006-044276) under the European Community's Sixth Framework Program. We also acknowledge support from the Bergen Research Foundation (LB, MH) and the Norwegian Research Council (214189). UD acknowledges funding from the European Science Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund, the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research, and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund. MH acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), R.O.C., grant number 105-2811-M-002-068. 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The Dark Triad Traits from a Life History Perspective in Six Countries FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Article narcissism; psychopathy; Machiavellianism; Dark Triad; life history theory; future consequences MATING STRATEGY; PERSONALITY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; PSYCHOPATHY; NARCISSISM Work on the Dark Triad traits has benefited from the use of a life history framework but it has been limited to primarily Western samples and indirect assessments of life history strategies. Here, we examine how the Dark Triad traits (i.e., psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism) relate to two measures of individual differences in life history strategies. In Study 1 (N = 937), we replicated prior observed links between life history strategies, as measured by the Mini-K, and the Dark Triad traits using samples recruited from three countries. In Study 2 (N = 1032), we measured life history strategies using the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale and correlated it with the Dark Triad traits in samples recruited from three additional countries. While there was some variability across participants' sex and country, the results were generally consistent in that psychopathy and (to a lesser extent) Machiavellianism were related to faster life history strategies and narcissism was related to slower life history strategies. These results add cross-cultural data and the use of two measures of life history speed to understand the Dark Triad traits from a life history perspective. [Jonason, Peter K.] Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW, Australia; [Foster, Joshua D.] Univ S Alabama, Psychol, Mobile, AL USA; [Egorova, Marina S.; Parshikova, Oksana] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia; [Csatho, Arpad] Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; [Oshio, Atsushi] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan; [Gouveia, Valdiney V.] Univ Fed Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil Jonason, PK (reprint author), Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW, Australia. pjonason@westernsydney.edu.au Parshikova, Oxana/F-9551-2015 Oshio, Atsushi/0000-0002-2936-2916 Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Foster JD, 2015, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V73, P12, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.042; Furnham A, 2013, SOC PERSONAL PSYCHOL, V7, P199, DOI 10.1111/spc3.12018; Henrich J, 2010, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V33, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0999152X; Jonason PK, 2017, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V40, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X16001199; Jonason PK, 2017, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V113, P120, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.053; Jonason PK, 2017, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V46, P697, DOI 10.1007/s10508-017-0937-1; Jonason PK, 2015, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V81, P102, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.045; Jonason PK, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V54, P572, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.009; Jonason PK, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V53, P180, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.007; Jonason PK, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V52, P449, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.008; Jonason PK, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P428, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4; Jonason PK, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V49, P611, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031; Jonason PK, 2009, EUR J PERSONALITY, V23, P5, DOI 10.1002/per.698; Jones D.N., 2009, HDB INDIVIDUAL DIFFE, P93; Jones DN, 2014, ASSESSMENT, V21, P28, DOI 10.1177/1073191113514105; Jones DN, 2014, J INTERPERS VIOLENCE, V29, P1050, DOI 10.1177/0886260513506053; Jones DN, 2011, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V51, P679, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.011; McDonald MM, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V52, P601, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.003; McHoskey JW, 1998, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V74, P192, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.192; MEALEY L, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V18, P523, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00039595; Nunnally J.C., 1978, PSYCHOMETRIC THEORY; Paulhus DL, 2002, J RES PERS, V36, P556, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6; Persson BN, 2017, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V117, P74, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.025; Schmitt N, 1996, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V8, P350, DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350; Shimotsukasa T., 2017, JPN J PERS, V26, P12, DOI [10.2132/personality.26.1.2, DOI 10.2132/PERSONALITY.26.1.2]; STRATHMAN A, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P742, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.742; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1 28 1 1 7 16 FRONTIERS MEDIA SA LAUSANNE AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND 1664-1078 FRONT PSYCHOL Front. Psychol. AUG 30 2017 8 1476 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01476 6 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FF3AR WOS:000408768400001 28912740 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Thys, B; Pinxten, R; Raap, T; De Meester, G; Rivera-Gutierrez, HF; Eens, M Thys, Bert; Pinxten, Rianne; Raap, Thomas; De Meester, Gilles; Rivera-Gutierrez, Hector F.; Eens, Marcel The Female Perspective of Personality in a Wild Songbird: Repeatable Aggressiveness Relates to Exploration Behaviour SCIENTIFIC REPORTS English Article MALE GREAT TITS; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PARUS-MAJOR; TRADE-OFF; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; OFFSPRING FITNESS; SOCIAL LIZARD; ZEBRA FINCHES Males often express traits that improve competitive ability, such as aggressiveness. Females also express such traits but our understanding about why is limited. Intraspecific aggression between females might be used to gain access to reproductive resources but simultaneously incurs costs in terms of energy and time available for reproductive activities, resulting in a trade-off. Although consistent individual differences in female behaviour (i.e. personality) like aggressiveness are likely to influence these reproductive trade-offs, little is known about the consistency of aggressiveness in females. To quantify aggression we presented a female decoy to free-living female great tits (Parus major) during the egg-laying period, and assessed whether they were consistent in their response towards this decoy. Moreover, we assessed whether female aggression related to consistent individual differences in exploration behaviour in a novel environment. We found that females consistently differed in aggressiveness, although first-year females were on average more aggressive than older females. Moreover, conform life history theory predictions, 'fast' exploring females were more aggressive towards the decoy than 'slow' exploring females. Given that personality traits are often heritable, and correlations between behaviours can constrain short term adaptive evolution, our findings highlight the importance of studying female aggression within a multivariate behavioural framework. [Thys, Bert; Pinxten, Rianne; Raap, Thomas; De Meester, Gilles; Rivera-Gutierrez, Hector F.; Eens, Marcel] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Behav Ecol & Ecophysiol Grp, Antwerp, Belgium; [Pinxten, Rianne] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp Sch Educ, Fac Social Sci, Antwerp, Belgium; [Rivera-Gutierrez, Hector F.] Univ Antioquia, Inst Biol, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Grp Ecol & Evoluc Vertebrados, Medellin, Colombia Thys, B (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Behav Ecol & Ecophysiol Grp, Antwerp, Belgium. bert.thys@uantwerpen.be Raap, Thomas/0000-0001-7627-9835; Rivera-Gutierrez, Hector Fabio/0000-0001-6025-3470; De Meester, Gilles/0000-0001-7051-9957 University of Antwerp; FWO Flanders [1.1.044.15 N]; FWO [G.0A36.15 N] We thank Wietse De Vogelaer, Geert Eens, Hilde Hens, Yorick Lambreghts, Tine Martens, Patricia Moons, Peter Scheys, Jiachen Sun and Anke Vermeulen for important support during fieldwork. We also thank Stefan Van Dongen for statistical advice. 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Implications of life-history strategies for obesity PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA English Article evolutionary psychology; evolutionary medicine; life history theory; health behavior; obesity BODY-MASS INDEX; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; SOCIAL-CLASS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; ADULT OBESITY; RISK; ENVIRONMENTS; IMPACT; UNPREDICTABILITY The association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity is well documented. In the current research, a life history theory (LHT) framework provided an explanation for this association. Derived from evolutionary behavioral science, LHT emphasizes how variability in exposure to unpredictability during childhood gives rise to individual differences in a range of social psychological processes across the life course. Consistent with previous LHT research, the current findings suggest that exposure to unpredictability during childhood (a characteristic common to low SES environments) is associated with the adoption of a fast life-history strategy, one marked by impulsivity and a focus on short-term goals. We demonstrate that a fast life-history strategy, in turn, was associated with dysregulated weight-management behaviors (i.e., eating even in the absence of hunger), which were predictive of having a high body mass index (BMI) and being obese. In both studies, findings held while controlling for participants' current socioeconomic status, suggesting that obesity is rooted in childhood experiences. A serial mediation model in study 2 confirmed that effects of childhood SES on adult BMI and obesity can be explained in part by exposure to unpredictability, the adoption of a fast life-history strategy, and dysregulated-eating behaviors. These findings suggest that weight problems in adulthood may be rooted partially in early childhood exposure to unpredictable events and environments. LHT provides a valuable explanatory framework for understanding the root causes of obesity. [Maner, Jon K.; Meltzer, Andrea L.; McNulty, James K.] Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Dittmann, Andrea] Northwestern Univ, Kellogg Sch Management, Dept Management & Org, Evanston, IL 60208 USA Maner, JK (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. jkmaner@gmail.com BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P662, DOI 10.1037/a0024454; Ben-Shlomo Y, 2002, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V31, P285, DOI 10.1093/ije/31.2.285; Brisbois TD, 2012, OBES REV, V13, P347, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00965.x; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016, DEF OV OB; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; Dube SR, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, P564, DOI 10.1542/peds.111.3.564; Ellis BJ, 2004, PSYCHOL BULL, V130, P920, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.920; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Figueredo A. 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AUG 8 2017 114 32 8517 8522 10.1073/pnas.1620482114 6 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics FC8YZ WOS:000407129000049 28739939 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Coste, CFD; Austerlitz, F; Pavard, S Coste, Christophe F. D.; Austerlitz, Frederic; Pavard, Samuel Trait level analysis of multitrait population projection matrices THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY English Article Evolutionary demography; Life-history theory; Matrix population model; MPPM; Multitrait model; Trait-level analysis INPUT-OUTPUT-ANALYSIS; AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENERATION TIME; GROWTH RATE; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; LIFE-HISTORIES In most matrix population projection models, individuals are characterized according to, usually, one or two traits such as age, stage, size or location. A broad theory of multitrait population projection matrices (MPPMs) incorporating larger number of traits was long held back by time and space computational complexity issues. As a consequence, no study has yet focused on the influence of the structure of traits describing a life-cycle on population dynamics and life-history evolution. We present here a novel vector-based MPPM building methodology that allows to computationally efficiently model populations characterized by numerous traits with large distributions, and extend sensitivity analyses for these models. We then present a new method, the trait level analysis consisting in folding an MPPM on any of its traits to create a matrix with alternative trait structure (the number of traits and their characteristics) but similar asymptotic properties. Adding or removing one or several traits to/from the MPPM and analyzing the resulting changes in spectral properties, allows investigating the influence of the trait structure on the evolution of traits. We illustrate this by modeling a 3-trait (age, parity and fecundity) population designed to investigate the implications of parity-fertility trade-offs in a context of fecundity heterogeneity in humans. The trait level analysis, comparing models of the same population differing in trait structures, demonstrates that fertility selection gradients differ between cases with or without parity-fertility trade-offs. Moreover it shows that age-specific fertility has seemingly very different evolutionary significance depending on whether heterogeneity is accounted for. This is because trade-offs can vary strongly in strength and even direction depending on the trait structure used to model the population. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Coste, Christophe F. D.; Austerlitz, Frederic; Pavard, Samuel] Univ Paris Diderot, MNHN, UMR EcoAnthropol & Ethnobiol 7206, F-75016 Paris, France Coste, CFD (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 7206, Lab Ecoanthropol & Ethnobiol, Equipe Anthropol Evolut, Site Musee Homme,17 Pl Trocadero, F-75116 Paris, France. christophe.coste@mnhn.fr Pavard, Samuel/0000-0002-6803-8123 Chair "Modelisaton Mathematique et Biodiversite of Veolia -Ecole Polytechnique MNHN-Fondation X" This work benefited from the support of the Chair "Modelisaton Mathematique et Biodiversite of Veolia -Ecole Polytechnique MNHN-Fondation X", in particular through a Ph.D. Grant to CFD.C. We thank Vincent Bansaye, Minus van Baalen and Pierre-Henri Gouyon for helpful comments and suggestions. We also wish to thank Roberto Salguero-Gomez, Uli Steiner and one anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. 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Popul. Biol. AUG 2017 116 47 58 10.1016/j.tpb.2017.07.002 12 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology FH1AK WOS:000410871600005 28757374 2018-11-12 J Calsbeek, R; Goedert, D Calsbeek, Ryan; Goedert, Debora Performance Tradeoffs, Ontogenetic Conflict, and Multisport Athletes: How is an Ironman Triathlete Like a Frog? INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY English Article; Proceedings Paper Symposium on Ecology of Exercise - Mechanisms Underlying Individual Variation in Movement Behavior, Activity or Performance at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology JAN 04-08, 2017 New Orleans, LA Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol INTRALOCUS SEXUAL CONFLICT; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; FITNESS; TRAITS; GENE; ADAPTATION Life-history theory is a cornerstone of modern evolutionary biology that addresses myriad phenomena ranging from demography and population structure to the evolution of aging and senescence. Trade-offs may arise in a number of contexts, from allocation-based (e.g., egg size vs. egg number) to genomic conflicts (e.g., intralocus sexual conflict in which genes that perform well in males perform poorly in females). Here we test for performance tradeoffs in human athletes. We show that in Ironman triathletes, swimming performance trades off with cycling and running performance. The tradeoff appears to be plastic, in that only highly trained athletes experience the tradeoff. We then investigate whether wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) experience similar locomotor performance tradeoffs, to ask whether the divergent environments experienced by tadpoles and frogs leads to ontogenetic conflict (tradeoffs over development). We show that although swimming and jumping performance are positively correlated, antagonistic natural selection may still favor alternative adaptive optima in the two life history stages. However, "adaptive decoupling" of the life stages during metamorphosis may resolve ontogenetic conflict and facilitate independent adaptation to both environments. Thus, whereas performance tradeoffs are general in both systems, the unique selective environment of amphibians has favored the evolution of mechanisms to alleviate the costs of those tradeoffs. [Calsbeek, Ryan; Goedert, Debora] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Goedert, Debora] Minist Educ Brazil, CAPES Fdn, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Calsbeek, R (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. ryan.calsbeek@dartmouth.edu Goedert, Debora/0000-0002-2406-9438; Calsbeek, Ryan/0000-0002-9236-4092 National Science Foundation [IOS] [1637178]; CAPES [SwB] [13442/13-9] This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation [IOS No. 1637178 to to R.C.], and fellowship from CAPES [SwB, 13442/13-9 to D.G.]. 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Comp. Biol. AUG 2017 57 2 207 216 10.1093/icb/icx014 10 Zoology Zoology FE3KO WOS:000408115000004 28859415 2018-11-12 J Careau, V; Wilson, RS Careau, Vincent; Wilson, Robbie S. Of Uberfleas and Krakens: Detecting Trade-offs Using Mixed Models INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY English Article; Proceedings Paper Symposium on Integrative Life-History of Whole-Organism Performance at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) JAN 04-08, 2017 New Orleans, LA Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; ACTIVITY METABOLISM; ANIMAL PERSONALITY; GARTER SNAKES; LIFE-HISTORY; LONG-TERM All animals experience performance trade-offs as they complete tasks such as capturing prey, defending territories, acquiring mates, and escaping predators. Why then, is it so hard to detect performance trade-offs at the whole-organismal level? Why do we sometimes even obtain positive correlations between two performance traits that are predicted to be negatively associated? Here we explore two plausible explanations. First, most analyses are based on individual maximal values (i.e., personal best), which could introduce a bias in the correlation estimates. Second, phenotypic correlations alone may be poor indicators of a trade-off when contrasting processes occur at the among-versus within-individual levels. One such scenario is the "big houses big cars" model developed in life-history theory to explain the existence of "uberfleas" that are superior in all regards (because they acquire more resources than others). We highlight that the exact opposite scenario might occur for performance trade-offs, where among-individual trade-offs may be masked by within-individual changes in physical condition. One of the best ways to test among these alternative scenarios is to collect repeated pairs of performance traits and analyze them using multivariate mixed models (MMMs). MMMs allow straightforward and simultaneous examination of trait correlations at the among-and within-individual levels. We use a simple simulation tool (SQuID package in R) to create a population of Krakens, a mythical giant squid-like sea creature whose morphology generates a performance trade-off between swimming speed and strength or ability to sink ships. The simulations showed that using individual maximum values introduces a bias that is particularly severe when individuals differ in the number of repeated samples (n(trial)). Finally, we show how MMMs can help detect performance (or any other type of) trade-offs and offer additional insights (e.g., help detect plasticity integration). We hope researchers will adopt MMMs when exploring trade-offs in whole-animal performances. 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AUG 2017 57 2 362 371 10.1093/icb/icx015 10 Zoology Zoology FE3KO WOS:000408115000018 28859406 2018-11-12 J Addis, EA; Gangloff, EJ; Palacios, MG; Carr, KE; Bronikowski, AM Addis, Elizabeth A.; Gangloff, Eric J.; Palacios, Maria G.; Carr, Katherine E.; Bronikowski, Anne M. Merging the "Morphology-Performance-Fitness" Paradigm and Life-History Theory in the Eagle Lake Garter Snake Research Project INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY English Article; Proceedings Paper Symposium on Integrative Life-History of Whole-Organism Performance at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) JAN 04-08, 2017 New Orleans, LA Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol GROWTH-FACTOR 1; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; WILD PASSERINE BIRD; FACTOR-I IGF-1; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; TRADE-OFFS; BEHAVIORAL VARIATION; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION The morphology-performance-fitness paradigm for testing selection on morphological traits has seen decades of successful application. At the same time, life-history approaches using matrix methods and perturbation studies have also allowed the direct estimate of selection acting on vital rates and the traits that comprise them. Both methodologies have been successfully applied to the garter snakes of the long-term Eagle Lake research project to reveal selection on morphology, such as color pattern, number of vertebrae, and gape size; and life-history traits such as birth size, growth rates, and juvenile survival. Here we conduct a reciprocal transplant study in a common laboratory environment to study selection on morphology and life-history. To place our results in the ecomorphology paradigm, we measure performance outcomes (feeding rates, growth, insulin-like growth factor 1 titers) of morphological variation (body size, condition) and their fitness consequences for juvenile survival-a trait that has large fitness sensitivities in these garter snake populations, and therefore is thought to be subject to strong selection. To better merge these two complementary theories, we end by discussing our findings in a nexus of morphology-performance-fitness-life history to highlight what these approaches, when combined, can reveal about selection in the wild. [Addis, Elizabeth A.; Gangloff, Eric J.; Palacios, Maria G.; Bronikowski, Anne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA; [Carr, Katherine E.] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA; [Palacios, Maria G.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Blvd Brown 2915, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina Bronikowski, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. abroniko@iastate.edu US National Science Foundation [IOS-1637160, IOS-0922528, 1558071]; Company of Biologists [EA1233]; Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Animal Behavior); Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Comparative Biomechanics); Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Comparative Endocrinology; Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Ecoimmunology and Disease Ecology; Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Neurobiology; Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Ecology and Evolution); Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Division of Vertebrate Morphology); Howard Hughes Medical Institute This symposium was supported by grants from the US National Science Foundation (IOS-1637160) and the Company of Biologists (EA1233) to S. Lailvaux and J. Husak, and multiple divisions within the Society for Comparative and Integrative Biology (Divisions of Animal Behavior, Comparative Biomechanics, Comparative Endocrinology, Ecoimmunology and Disease Ecology, Neurobiology, Ecology and Evolution, and Vertebrate Morphology). Funding for garter snake research described here was supported by the US National Science Foundation (IOS-0922528, 1558071 to A.M.B.) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (postdoctoral fellowship to E.A.A.). 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Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by infection with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is the worst recorded wildlife disease and has caused the extinction of over 100 species across multiple continents. A similar number of additional species have experienced mass declines and Bd remains a major source of mortality in many populations of declined species now persisting with the pathogen. Life-history theory predicts that increased extrinsic mortality in Bd-infected populations may alter amphibian life-history traits, but this has not been examined. Here, we investigate whether population Bd status is associated with age and size at maturity by comparing long-exposed Bd-infected populations, Bd-free populations, and museum specimens collected prior to Bd emergence for the endangered Australian frog Litoria verreauxii alpina. We show that Bd-infected populations have a higher proportion of males that mature at 1 year of age, and females that mature at 2 years of age, compared to Bd-free populations. Earlier maturation was associated with reduced size at maturity in males. Consistent with life-history theory, our findings may represent an adaptive evolutionary shift towards earlier maturation in response to high Bd-induced mortality. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for a post-metamorphic Bd-associated shift in an amphibian life-history trait. Given high mortality in other Bd-challenged species, we suggest that chytridiomycosis may be a substantial new selection pressure shaping life-history traits in impacted amphibian species across multiple continents. [Scheele, Benjamin C.; Skerratt, Lee F.; Berger, Lee] James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Hlth Res Grp 1, Townsville, Qld, Australia; [Hunter, David A.] NSW Off Environm & Heritage, Albury, NSW, Australia; [Banks, Sam C.; Pierson, Jennifer C.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia; [Pierson, Jennifer C.] ACT Govt, Tidbinbilla Nat Reserve, Tharwa, Australia; [Driscoll, Don A.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Burwood, Australia; [Byrne, Philip G.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; [Scheele, Benjamin C.] Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Frank Fenner Bldg 141,Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia Scheele, BC (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Hlth Res Grp 1, Townsville, Qld, Australia.; Scheele, BC (reprint author), Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Frank Fenner Bldg 141,Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. ben.scheele@anu.edu.au Byrne, Phillip/0000-0003-2183-9959; /0000-0003-2415-0057; Skerratt, Lee/0000-0003-3471-7512; Berger, Lee/0000-0001-9227-5439; Driscoll, Don/0000-0002-1560-5235 Taronga Zoo Field Conservation Grant; New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage; Australian Research Council [LP110200240, FT100100375]; Taronga Zoo Funding was provided by a Taronga Zoo Field Conservation Grant and the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage. B.C.Scheele and L. Berger were supported by Australian Research Council Grants LP110200240 and FT100100375, which included additional funding from industry partners Taronga Zoo and New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage during the writing of this manuscript. C. Scheele and S. Kearney provided field assistance, K. Smith and L. Brannelly helped facilitate museum sampling, and C. Foster provided statistical advice and helped with figures. All applicable institutional and/or national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed, with research conducted under scientific permits SL100436 and SL10006052 issued by the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage and animal ethics approval from the Australian National University (A2011/19) and the University of Canberra (CEAE 98/7). Allendorf FW, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P9987, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0901069106; Altizer S, 2003, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V18, P589, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2003.08.013; Bakar A. 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In order to investigate the effects of Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 (CHV1) on the life-history traits of its fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica, an infection matrix was completed with the cross-infection of six fungal isolates by six different viruses. Mycelial growth, asexual sporulation, and spore size were measured in the 36 combinations, for which horizontal and vertical transmission of the viruses was also assessed. As expected by life-history theory, a significant negative correlation was found between host somatic growth and asexual reproduction in virus-free isolates. Interestingly this trade-off was found to be positive in infected isolates, illustrating the profound changes in host resource allocation induced by CHV1 infection. A significant and positive relationship was also found in infected isolates between vertical transmission and somatic growth. This last relationship suggests that in this system, high levels of virulence could be detrimental to the vertical transmission of the parasite. Those results underscore the interest of studying host-parasite interaction within the life-history theory framework, which might permit a more accurate understanding of the nature of the modifications triggered by parasite infection on host biology. 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AUG 2017 7 15 5967 5976 10.1002/ece3.3143 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology FD4EV WOS:000407485300039 28808558 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Chemnitz, J; Bagrii, N; Ayasse, M; Steiger, S Chemnitz, Johanna; Bagrii, Nadiia; Ayasse, Manfred; Steiger, Sandra Variation in sex pheromone emission does not reflect immunocompetence but affects attractiveness of male burying beetles-a combination of laboratory and field experiments SCIENCE OF NATURE English Article Ecological immunology; Immunity; Encapsulation; Sex pheromone; Nicrophorus; Chemical signal CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; MATE-FINDING TACTICS; IMMUNE FUNCTION; NICROPHORUS-VESPILLOIDES; NATURAL-POPULATION; DECORATED CRICKETS; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; SOCIAL IMMUNITY; TRADE-OFFS; EXPRESSION Life history theory predicts a trade-off between male sexual trait expression and immunocompetence. Using burying beetles, Nicrophorus vespilloides, as a model, we investigated the relationship between male immune function, sex pheromone emission, and attractiveness under field conditions. In the first experiment, we tested whether there is a positive correlation between immune capacity, sex pheromone characteristics (quantity, relative composition, and time invested in pheromone emission), and male attractiveness. As a measurement of immune capacity, we used an individual's encapsulation ability against a novel antigen. In the second experiment, we specifically examined whether a trade-off between chemical trait expression and immune function existed. To this end, we challenged the immune system and measured the subsequent investment in sex pheromone emission and the attractiveness of the male under field conditions. We found that a male's immunocompetence was neither related to the emission of the male's sex pheromone nor to its attractiveness in the field. Furthermore, none of the immune-challenge treatments affected the subsequent investment in pheromone emission or number of females attracted. However, we showed that the same males that emitted a high quantity of their sex pheromone in the laboratory were able to attract more females in the field. Our data suggest that the chemical signal is not a reliable predictor of a male's immunocompetence but rather is a general important fitness-related trait, with a higher emission of the sex pheromone measured in the laboratory directly affecting the attractiveness of a male under field conditions. [Chemnitz, Johanna; Bagrii, Nadiia; Ayasse, Manfred; Steiger, Sandra] Univ Ulm, Inst Evolutionary Ecol & Conservat Genom, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; [Steiger, Sandra] Univ Giessen, Inst Insect Biotechnol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany Steiger, S (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Evolutionary Ecol & Conservat Genom, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.; Steiger, S (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Insect Biotechnol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. sandra.steiger@uni-ulm.de German Research Foundation (DFG) [STE 1874/3-1]; PhD grant [1405 LGFG-E] We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The study was funded by a grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) to SS (STE 1874/3-1) and a PhD grant to JC (1405 LGFG-E). 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Nat. AUG 2017 104 7-8 53 10.1007/s00114-017-1473-5 13 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics FC6QP WOS:000406966200001 2018-11-12 J Cameron, H; Monro, K; Marshall, DJ Cameron, Hayley; Monro, Keyne; Marshall, Dustin J. Should mothers provision their offspring equally? A manipulative field test ECOLOGY LETTERS English Article bet-hedging; complementarity; fitness; life-history theory; maternal provisioning; niche partitioning; offspring size; sibling interactions; within-brood variation BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; LIFE-HISTORY STAGES; MARINE INVERTEBRATE; EGG-SIZE; SEED SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTABILITY; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; POPULATION VARIATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SPATIAL VARIATION Within-brood variation in offspring size is universal, but its causes are unclear. Theoretical explanations for within-brood variation commonly invoke bet-hedging, although alternatives consider the role of sibling competition. Despite abundant theory, empirical manipulations of within-brood variation in offspring size are rare. Using a field experiment, we investigate the consequences of unequal maternal provisioning for both maternal and offspring fitness in a marine invertebrate. We create experimental broods of siblings with identical mean, but different variance, in offspring size, and different sibling densities. Overall, more-variable broods had higher mean performance than less-variable broods, suggesting benefits of unequal provisioning that arise independently of bet-hedging. Complementarity effects drove these benefits, apparently because offspring-size variation promotes resource partitioning. We suggest that when siblings compete for the same resources, and offspring size affects niche usage, the production of more-variable broods can provide greater fitness returns given the same maternal investment; a process unanticipated by the current theory. 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Lett. AUG 2017 20 8 1025 1033 10.1111/ele.12800 9 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology FB1QE WOS:000405917500010 28726317 2018-11-12 J Hossain, SMY; Caspersen, JP; Thomas, SC Hossain, Shaik Md. Yousuf; Caspersen, John P.; Thomas, Sean C. Reproductive costs in Acer saccharum: exploring size-dependent relations between seed production and branch extension TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION English Article Acer saccharum; Allocation; Branch extension; Cost of reproduction; Haliburton Forest; Internode; Trade-offs HYDRAULIC LIMITATION HYPOTHESIS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; REDUCED GROWTH; GAP DYNAMICS; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE HEIGHT; DECLINE; PLANTS Life-history theory predicts that reproductive allocation should increase with age and size once plants reach reproductive maturity. This suggests that there may also be a subsequent decline in somatic growth as plants become larger or older. However, few studies have examined how the relationship between branch extension growth and reproduction varies with size or age in the longest-lived plants: trees. Using a mobile lift for canopy access, we retrospectively measured branch extension growth before, during and after two (between 2011 and 2013) Acer saccharum mast events (the synchronous production of many seeds at long intervals), quantifying seed production per internode and internode length. Branch extension was reduced by 24 and 36%, respectively, in 2011 and 2013 relative to non-mast years, consistent with the expectation that increased reproductive allocation comes at the cost of allocation to growth. Internode length decreased from 8 to 3 cm year(-1) as seed production increased from zero to 17 seeds year(-1); a similar decrease was observed at the whole-tree level using average internode extension rates and seed production per tree. Seed production alone was the most parsimonious predictor of branch extension growth, with no independent effect of tree size, suggesting that it is the increase in reproductive allocation, rather than an increase in tree size per se, that drives the decline in branch extension rates. The slope of the relationship between branch extension and reproduction did not vary with tree size, suggesting that there was no increase in the somatic cost of reproduction with tree size. We also found no evidence for lag effects of reproduction on extension growth in subsequent years. Overall, these results suggest that reproductive allocation assessed at the shoot level increases with tree size and is a major driver of the ontogenetic decline in branch extension growth. [Hossain, Shaik Md. 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AUG 2017 31 4 1179 1188 10.1007/s00468-017-1536-4 10 Forestry Forestry FA8HC WOS:000405685800006 2018-11-12 J Suor, JH; Sturge-Apple, ML; Davies, PT; Cicchetti, D Suor, Jennifer H.; Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.; Davies, Patrick T.; Cicchetti, Dante A life history approach to delineating how harsh environments and hawk temperament traits differentially shape children's problem-solving skills JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY English Article Human ecology; adversity; temperament; cognitive development INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; MISSING DATA; FIT INDEXES; TRADE-OFFS; CHILDHOOD; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; SENSITIVITY Background: Harsh environments are known to predict deficits in children's cognitive abilities. Life history theory approaches challenge this interpretation, proposing stressed children's cognition becomes specialized to solve problems in fitness-enhancing ways. The goal of this study was to examine associations between early environmental harshness and children's problem-solving outcomes across tasks varying in ecological relevance. In addition, we utilize an evolutionary model of temperament toward further specifying whether hawk temperament traits moderate these associations. Methods: Two hundred and one mother-child dyads participated in a prospective multimethod study when children were 2 and 4 years old. At age 2, environmental harshness was assessed via maternal report of earned income and observations of maternal disengagement during a parent-child interaction task. Children's hawk temperament traits were assessed from a series of unfamiliar episodes. At age 4, children's reward-oriented and visual problem-solving were measured. Results: Path analyses revealed early environmental harshness and children's hawk temperament traits predicted worse visual problem-solving. Results showed a significant two-way interaction between children's hawk temperament traits and environmental harshness on reward-oriented problem-solving. Simple slope analyses revealed the effect of environmental harshness on reward-oriented problem-solving was specific to children with higher levels of hawk traits. Conclusions: Results suggest early experiences of environmental harshness and child hawk temperament traits shape children's trajectories of problem-solving in an environment-fitting manner. [Suor, Jennifer H.; Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.; Davies, Patrick T.] Univ Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Sci Psychol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA; [Cicchetti, Dante] Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, 51 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Cicchetti, Dante] Mt Hope Family Ctr, Rochester, NY USA Suor, JH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Sci Psychol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Jennifer.suor@rochester.edu National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH071256]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [F31HD086941] Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health under Award Number R01MH071256 and by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development under Award Number F31HD086941. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the families for their participation, and the staff and students who assisted on this project. The authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this article. 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D., 2010, CHILD DEV INTERSECTI, P97, DOI [10.1037/12059-006, DOI 10.1037/12059-006] 44 4 4 4 11 WILEY HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA 0021-9630 1469-7610 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry AUG 2017 58 8 902 909 10.1111/jcpp.12718 8 Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology Psychology; Psychiatry FA6MX WOS:000405558600005 28326540 2018-11-12 J Austen, EJ; Rowe, L; Stinchcombe, JR; Forrest, JRK Austen, Emily J.; Rowe, Locke; Stinchcombe, John R.; Forrest, Jessica R. K. Explaining the apparent paradox of persistent selection for early flowering NEW PHYTOLOGIST English Article condition dependence; environmental covariance; fitness; flowering duration; invisible fraction; life history; phenology; size LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; NATURAL-SELECTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; GENETIC CONSTRAINTS; SEXUAL SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VIABILITY SELECTION; FITNESS COMPONENTS; INVISIBLE FRACTION Decades of observation in natural plant populations have revealed pervasive phenotypic selection for early flowering onset. This consistent pattern seems at odds with life-history theory, which predicts stabilizing selection on age and size at reproduction. Why is selection for later flowering rare? Moreover, extensive evidence demonstrates that flowering time can and does evolve. What maintains ongoing directional selection for early flowering? Several non-mutually exclusive processes can help to reconcile the apparent paradox of selection for early flowering. We outline four: selection through other fitness components may counter observed fecundity selection for early flowering; asymmetry in the flowering-time-fitness function may make selection for later flowering hard to detect; flowering time and fitness may be condition-dependent; and selection on flowering duration is largely unaccounted for. In this Viewpoint, we develop these four mechanisms, and highlight areas where further study will improve our understanding of flowering-time evolution. [Austen, Emily J.; Forrest, Jessica R. K.] Univ Ottawa, Biol Dept, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Rowe, Locke; Stinchcombe, John R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; [Stinchcombe, John R.] Univ Toronto, Koffler Sci Reserve & Jokers Hill, Toronto, ON L7B 1K5, Canada Stinchcombe, JR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.; Stinchcombe, JR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Koffler Sci Reserve & Jokers Hill, Toronto, ON L7B 1K5, Canada. john.stinchcombe@utoronto.ca Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); NSERC The authors thank Susana Wadgymar, Art Weis, and Ben Gilbert for thought-provoking conversation. Comments from Jill Anderson, John Kelly, and Lynda Delph improved the manuscript. This work has been funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) postdoctoral fellowship to E.J.A., and by NSERC Discovery Grants to J.R.S., L.R. and J.R.K.F. 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AUG 2017 215 3 929 934 10.1111/nph.14580 6 Plant Sciences Plant Sciences FA1KF WOS:000405197500003 28418161 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Wells, JCK; Nesse, RM; Sear, R; Johnstone, RA; Stearns, SC Wells, Jonathan C. K.; Nesse, Randolph M.; Sear, Rebecca; Johnstone, Rufus A.; Stearns, Stephen C. Evolutionary public health: introducing the concept LANCET English Article RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICT; HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; EARLY-LIFE; CHILD UNDERNUTRITION; GENETIC-VARIANTS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ADULT HEALTH; REPRODUCTION; MORTALITY The emerging discipline of evolutionary medicine is breaking new ground in understanding why people become ill. However, the value of evolutionary analyses of human physiology and behaviour is only beginning to be recognised in the field of public health. Core principles come from life history theory, which analyses the allocation of finite amounts of energy between four competing functions-maintenance, growth, reproduction, and defence. A central tenet of evolutionary theory is that organisms are selected to allocate energy and time to maximise reproductive success, rather than health or longevity. Ecological interactions that influence mortality risk, nutrient availability, and pathogen burden shape energy allocation strategies throughout the life course, thereby affecting diverse health outcomes. Public health interventions could improve their own effectiveness by incorporating an evolutionary perspective. In particular, evolutionary approaches offer new opportunities to address the complex challenges of global health, in which populations are differentially exposed to the metabolic consequences of poverty, high fertility, infectious diseases, and rapid changes in nutrition and lifestyle. The effect of specific interventions is predicted to depend on broader factors shaping life expectancy. Among the important tools in this approach are mathematical models, which can explore probable benefits and limitations of interventions in silico, before their implementation in human populations. [Wells, Jonathan C. K.] UCL Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London WC1N 1EH, England; [Nesse, Randolph M.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Evolut & Med, Phoenix, AZ USA; [Sear, Rebecca] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England; [Johnstone, Rufus A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England; [Stearns, Stephen C.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA Wells, JCK (reprint author), UCL Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, Childhood Nutr Res Ctr, London WC1N 1EH, England. jonathan.wells@ucl.ac.uk Leverhulme Trust Preparation of this manuscript was facilitated by support of the Arizona State University Centre for Evolution and Medicine provided for an authors' meeting. The model of growth was produced through a grant to RAJ and JCKW from the Leverhulme Trust. 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K., 2016, Evolution Medicine and Public Health, P133, DOI 10.1093/emph/eow011; Wells JCK, 2012, CURR ANTHROPOL, V53, pS466, DOI 10.1086/667606; Whitehead RD, 2014, HEALTH PSYCHOL, V33, P99, DOI 10.1037/a0032322; Wilson EO, 1998, CONSILIENCE UNITY KN; Winslow C., 1920, MOD MED; Winterhalder B, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P51; Wise RA, 1996, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V19, P319, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.001535; World Health Organization, 2011, GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 99 12 15 2 26 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA 0140-6736 1474-547X LANCET Lancet JUL 29 2017 390 10093 500 509 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30572-X 10 Medicine, General & Internal General & Internal Medicine FB9MO WOS:000406463400031 28792412 2018-11-12 J Jasienska, G; Bribiescas, RG; Furberg, AS; Helle, S; Nunez-de la Mora, A Jasienska, Grazyna; Bribiescas, Richard G.; Furberg, Anne-Sofie; Helle, Samuli; Nunez-de la Mora, Alejandra Human reproduction and health: an evolutionary perspective LANCET English Article BREAST-CANCER RISK; EARLY PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; SALIVARY PROGESTERONE PROFILES; LIFE-HISTORY; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; POPULATION VARIATION; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES According to life history theory, increased investment in reproductive function (physiology and behaviour) at different times throughout the life course affects the risk of many diseases and, ultimately, longevity. Although genetic factors contribute to interindividual and interpopulation variation in reproductive traits, the dominant source of variability is phenotypic plasticity during development and adult life. Reproductive traits in both sexes evolved sensitivity to ecological conditions, as reflected in contemporary associations of hormone concentrations with geographical setting, nutritional status, and physical activity level. Lifetime exposure to increased concentrations of sex hormones is associated with the risk of some cancers, hence decreasing fertility patterns contribute to secular increases in their incidence. Conversely, increased investment in reproductive function might compromise somatic investment in health, such that faster sexual maturation and higher parity increases risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An evolutionary perspective on reproductive biology could improve the efficacy of public health efforts to reduce the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers and other non-communicable diseases. [Jasienska, Grazyna] Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Environm Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, PL-31531 Krakow, Poland; [Bribiescas, Richard G.] Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Furberg, Anne-Sofie] Arctic Univ Norway, Univ Tromso, Dept Community Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Tromso, Norway; [Furberg, Anne-Sofie] Univ Hosp North Norway, Dept Microbiol & Infect Control, Tromso, Norway; [Helle, Samuli] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, Turku, Finland; [Nunez-de la Mora, Alejandra] Univ Veracruzana, Inst Invest Psicol, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico Jasienska, G (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Environm Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, PL-31531 Krakow, Poland. jasienska@post.harvard.edu Jasienska, Grazyna/0000-0001-8716-6342 Ministry of Science and Higher Education [IdP2011 000161]; CONACYT Mexico [I0007-2014-01]; Kone Foundation Preparation of this paper was facilitated by support that the Arizona State University Center for Evolution and Medicine provided for an authors' meeting, by Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant IdP2011 000161 (GJ), CONACYT Mexico Programa de Retencion Convocatoria 2014-Proyecto I0007-2014-01 (ANM), and the Kone Foundation (SH). 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INVENTORY; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; MODEL; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric condition which severely affects psychological well-being. Etiological explanations of BPD include the experience of early adversity, but how this impacts on risk-taking and impulsivity in relation to sexuality and mating has remained elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that people with BPD adopt a "fast" life history strategy which impacts their mate choice and sexual behavior. Sixty female patients with BPD and 45 controls were given 3 hypothetical vignettes depicting a "Predictably Safe", an "Unpredictably Safe-Risky", and a "Predictably Risky" life conditions, requiring the participant to put herself imaginatively into the described situation. Participants also completed questionnaires about their psychosexual development, depressiveness, and childhood experiences. Patients with BPD were significantly more likely to expect less parental investment from their hypothetical partners in the predictably safe condition, and to consent to sexual affairs at an earlier age than controls. Correlation analyses suggest that subjective depressiveness, childhood trauma, rearing style of patients' parents, and actual psychosexual development impacted on mate choice in the hypothetical scenarios. In addition, findings may also corroborate ideas of nonrandom mating in patients with BPD, which may be taken into consideration when interpersonal difficulties with romantic partners are dealt with in psychotherapy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Margin of safety: Life history strategies and the effects of socioeconomic status on self-selection into accounting ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY English Article Self-selection; Accounting human capital; Socioeconomic status; Gender diversity; Inequality; Life history theory CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENT; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH; RISK; NEIGHBORHOODS; ADOLESCENCE; UNCERTAINTY; ADJUSTMENT; EVOLUTION; ECONOMICS We use experimental and archival evidence to show that people who had low socioeconomic status (SES) as children participate in the U.S. accounting labor market in distinctive and consequential ways. Drawing on life history theory, we predict and show that low SES individuals select into accounting at disproportionately high rates relative to other fields, an effect driven by accounting's relatively high job security. Supplemental tests are consistent with these low SES individuals being a source of high quality human capital for the accounting profession, as low SES individuals selecting into accounting possess desirable attributes at relatively high rates. From a social perspective, we provide theory and evidence consistent with accounting being an important and secure source of upward social mobility in comparison to other fields. However, recessions cause selection into accounting by low SES individuals to decrease at a higher rate than in other fields, compromising these professional and social benefits. For example, our evidence is consistent with the "low SES effect" improving gender diversity among entrants into the accounting labor market during good economic times. However, lower self-selection rates during recessions are particularly pronounced among low SES females, who may thus bear the brunt of lost professional and social benefits. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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Organ. Soc. JUL 2017 60 21 36 10.1016/j.aos.2017.07.001 16 Business, Finance Business & Economics FF8TI WOS:000409290300002 2018-11-12 J Merinero, S; Aragon, G; Martinez, I Merinero, Sonia; Aragon, Gregorio; Martinez, Isabel Intraspecific life history variation in contrasting habitats: Insights from an obligate symbiotic organism AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY English Article asexual reproduction; contrasting habitats; demography; lichen; life history theory; Lobariaceae; population ecology; relative growth rate; reproductive allometry; reproductive strategy DEPENDENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; BOREAL RAIN-FOREST; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; LICHENIZED FUNGUS; SIZE; GROWTH; PLANTS; AGE; STRATEGIES PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Life history theory predicts that plants in unfavorable habitats for juvenile growth and survival will commence reproduction at smaller sizes and exhibit higher reproductive allocations than those in favorable habitats. The scope of life history theory will increase if these predictions apply to a broad range of organisms. Populations of organisms in contrasting habitats may experience different demographic rates. Thus, we compared the demography and life history traits of a lichen species in contrasting habitats. METHODS: We compared the abundance, growth, mortality, and reproductive strategy (threshold size for reproduction and reproductive allometry) of epiphytic and saxicolous populations of the asexually reproducing lichen Lobarina scrobiculata in two oak forests in central Spain. KEY RESULTS: The growth rates of saxicolous individuals were two times faster than those of epiphytic individuals. Epiphytic specimens exhibited a smaller threshold size for reproduction and a higher reproductive allocation than their saxicolous counterparts. The populations hosted by trees were two times larger than those on rocks (13,788 vs. 6629 individuals, respectively). The mortality rate did not vary between habitats. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that contrasting habitats selected for differences in the demography and life history traits of a lichen species. Consistent with life history theory predictions, in the habitat with slower growth, L. scrobiculata started to reproduce at a smaller size and its reproductive allocation was higher. This study extends the scope of life history theory and improves our understanding of life history patterns and variations in overlooked taxa such as lichens. [Merinero, Sonia; Aragon, Gregorio; Martinez, Isabel] Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Biodivers & Conservat Area, E-28933 Madrid, Spain; [Merinero, Sonia] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden Merinero, S (reprint author), Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Biodivers & Conservat Area, E-28933 Madrid, Spain.; Merinero, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. sonia.merinero@gmail.com Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project "EPICON") [CGL2010-22049]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project "EPIDIVERSITY") [CGL2013-47010-P]; FPU fellowship [AP2009-4446]; Spanish Education Ministry The authors thank M. Rubio-Salcedo and J. L. Hidalgo for their help with fieldwork and M. De la Cruz for his advice on statistics. Y. Gauslaa and R. Belinchon provided valuable comments on a previous version of the manuscript. The authors thank the staff at Patrimonio Nacional (Madrid) and Parque Natural Sierra Norte de Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha) for permits. Th is study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project "EPICON", CGL2010-22049), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness ( project "EPIDIVERSITY", CGL2013-47010-P), and by FPU fellowship AP2009-4446 awarded to S.M. by the Spanish Education Ministry. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on a previous version of the manuscript. Albert MJ, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1734, DOI 10.2307/2679814; Barkman J. 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JUL 2017 104 7 1099 1107 10.3732/ajb.1700017 9 Plant Sciences Plant Sciences FC2TR WOS:000406691800014 2018-11-12 J Ellis, BJ; Bianchi, J; Griskevicius, V; Frankenhuis, WE Ellis, Bruce J.; Bianchi, JeanMarie; Griskevicius, Vladas; Frankenhuis, Willem E. Beyond Risk and Protective Factors: An Adaptation-Based Approach to Resilience PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE English Article adaptation; animal behavior; cognitive abilities; developmental plasticity; early-life stress; evolutionary-developmental psychology; intervention; life history theory; phenotypic plasticity; resilience LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; EARLY NUTRITIONAL CONDITIONS; FINCHES TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; EARLY-CHILDHOOD POVERTY; MATERNAL-CARE; ZEBRA FINCHES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MALTREATED CHILDREN How does repeated or chronic childhood adversity shape social and cognitive abilities? According to the prevailing deficit model, children from high-stress backgrounds are at risk for impairments in learning and behavior, and the intervention goal is to prevent, reduce, or repair the damage. Missing from this deficit approach is an attempt to leverage the unique strengths and abilities that develop in response to high-stress environments. Evolutionary-developmental models emphasize the coherent, functional changes that occur in response to stress over the life course. Research in birds, rodents, and humans suggests that developmental exposures to stress can improve forms of attention, perception, learning, memory, and problem solving that are ecologically relevant in harsh-unpredictable environments (as per the specialization hypothesis). Many of these skills and abilities, moreover, are primarily manifest in currently stressful contexts where they would provide the greatest fitness-relevant advantages (as per the sensitization hypothesis). This perspective supports an alternative adaptation-based approach to resilience that converges on a central question: "What are the attention, learning, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making strategies that are enhanced through exposures to childhood adversity?" At an applied level, this approach focuses on how we can work with, rather than against, these strengths to promote success in education, employment, and civic life. [Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; [Bianchi, JeanMarie] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Frankenhuis, Willem E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands Ellis, BJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, 380 South 1530 East BEHS 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. bruce.ellis@psych.utah.edu Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [73657]; National Science Foundation [BCS-1322553]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [016.155.195] This research was supported by grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (73657), the National Science Foundation (BCS-1322553), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (016.155.195). 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JUL 2017 12 4 561 587 10.1177/1745691617693054 27 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FB3FA WOS:000406027000002 28679332 2018-11-12 J Merinero, S; Mendez, M; Aragon, G; Martinez, I Merinero, Sonia; Mendez, Marcos; Aragon, Gregorio; Martinez, Isabel Variation in the reproductive strategy of a lichenized fungus along a climatic gradient ANNALS OF BOTANY English Article Asexual reproduction; epiphytic lichen; lichenized fungus; life history theory; Lobarina scrobiculata; onset of reproduction; rainfall gradient; reproductive allocation; reproductive allometry; reproductive strategy POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS; POTAMOGETON-PECTINATUS; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; SEXUAL FECUNDITY; THRESHOLD SIZE; WATER-STRESS; RAIN-FOREST; PLANTS; ALLOCATION Background and aims Onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation patterns are key components of plant reproductive strategies. Life history theory predicts that plants in adverse environments for juvenile performance start reproduction at smaller sizes and exhibit higher reproductive allocation compared to their counterparts in favourable environments. Life history theory will gain in generality if its predictions are shown to apply to a broad range of organisms and modes of reproduction. This study tested whether the asexual reproductive strategy of a lichenized fungus changed along a climatic gradient. Methods The variation in threshold size for asexual reproduction and asexual reproductive allocation of the lichen Lobarina scrobiculata was assessed in 18 populations (9665 individuals) along a climatic gradient spanning 800km in latitude in Southern Europe. Using generalized linear models and standardized major axis regressions, the allometric relationships and the associated variation in climatic factors according to the changes in the threshold size for reproduction and reproductive allocation patterns were assessed. Key Results The onset of reproduction was size-dependent and the reproductive allocation increased with individual size. Both the threshold size for reproduction and the reproductive allocation varied along the rainfall gradient. A lower threshold size for reproduction and higher reproductive allocation in drier, adverse locations were found. Therefore, populations in drier locations fitted the predictions of life history theory for sexually reproducing organisms in adverse environments for juvenile performance. Conclusions This study highlights the applicability of the life history theory to fungi and to modes of reproduction other than sexual reproduction. Based on the intraspecific variation in the asexual reproductive strategy of a fungal organism with climatic factors, these findings expand the scope of life history theory predictions and increase our understanding of life history diversity and reproductive strategies across environments. [Merinero, Sonia; Mendez, Marcos; Aragon, Gregorio; Martinez, Isabel] Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Biodivers & Conservat Area, E-28933 Madrid, Spain; [Merinero, Sonia] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden Merinero, S (reprint author), Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Biodivers & Conservat Area, E-28933 Madrid, Spain.; Merinero, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. sonia.merinero@gmail.com Mendez, Marcos/A-3745-2009 Mendez, Marcos/0000-0002-0144-643X Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project 'EPICON') [CGL2010-22049]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project 'EPIDIVERSITY') [CGL2013-47010-P]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Education [FPU-2009-4446] We thank R. Belinchon, J. L. H. Cardos, N. Martin-Robles, P. Matos, A. M. L. Peralta, E. Polaina, M. A. G. Otalora, D. S. Pescador and M. Rubio-Salcedo for their support with fieldwork. We thank R. Milla for insightful discussions. R. Salguero-Gomez, R. Wesselingh and an anonymous referee provided valuable comments that improved the clarity of the manuscript. We thank the staff in the protected area 'Hayedo de Montejo' (owned by Ayuntamiento de Montejo de la Sierra and managed by Comunidad de Madrid). Duncan E. Jackson revised the English text. This work was supported by Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation (project 'EPICON', CGL2010-22049), Economy and Competitiveness (project 'EPIDIVERSITY', CGL2013-47010-P) and Education (FPU-2009-4446 to S.M.). 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Bot. JUL 2017 120 1 63 70 10.1093/aob/mcx045 8 Plant Sciences Plant Sciences FA4JZ WOS:000405410900011 28582507 2018-11-12 J Monceau, K; Dechaume-Moncharmont, FX; Moreau, J; Lucas, C; Capoduro, R; Motreuil, S; Moret, Y Monceau, Karine; Dechaume-Moncharmont, Francois-Xavier; Moreau, Jerome; Lucas, Camille; Capoduro, Remi; Motreuil, Sebastien; Moret, Yannick Personality, immune response and reproductive success: an appraisal of the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article Bacillus thuringiensis; behavioural syndrome; fitness; immunity; longevity; survival CONCORDANCE CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; CONSISTENT INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANIMAL PERSONALITIES; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; NATAL DISPERSAL 1. The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis is an extended concept of the life-history theory that includes behavioural traits. The studies challenging the POLS hypothesis often focus on the relationships between a single personality trait and a physiological and/or life-history trait. While pathogens represent a major selective pressure, few studies have been interested in testing relationships between behavioural syndrome, and several fitness components including immunity. 2. The aim of this study was to address this question in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, a model species in immunity studies. The personality score was estimated from a multidimensional syndrome based of four repeatable behavioural traits. 3. In a first experiment, we investigated its relationship with two measures of fitness (reproduction and survival) and three components of the innate immunity (haemocyte concentration, and levels of activity of the phenoloxidase including the total proenzyme and the naturally activated one) to challenge the POLS hypothesis in T. molitor. Overall, we found a relationship between behavioural syndrome and reproductive success in this species, thus supporting the POLS hypothesis. We also showed a sex-specific relationship between behavioural syndrome and basal immune parameters. 4. In a second experiment, we tested whether this observed relationship with innate immunity could be confirmed in term of differential survival after challenging by entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis. In this case, no significant relationship was evidenced. 5. We recommend that future researchers on the POLS should control for differences in evolutionary trajectory between sexes and to pay attention to the choice of the proxy used, especially when looking at immune traits. 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Anim. Ecol. JUL 2017 86 4 932 942 10.1111/1365-2656.12684 11 Ecology; Zoology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology EX3QG WOS:000403146400022 28425582 2018-11-12 J Vedder, O; Verhulst, S; Bauch, C; Bouwhuis, S Vedder, O.; Verhulst, S.; Bauch, C.; Bouwhuis, S. Telomere attrition and growth: a life-history framework and case study in common terns JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article birds; disposable soma; life-history theory; natural population; oxidative stress; review; senescence; telomere restriction fragment; telomere shortening LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; STERNA-HIRUNDO; FITNESS COMPONENTS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GREAT TITS; LENGTH; BIRDS; SENESCENCE; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL The relationship between growth and age-specific telomere length, as a proxy of somatic state, is increasingly investigated, but observed patterns vary and a predictive framework is lacking. We outline expectations based on the assumption that telomere maintenance is costly and argue that individual heterogeneity in resource acquisition is predicted to lead to positive covariance between growth and telomere length. However, canalization of resource allocation to the trait with a larger effect on fitness, rendering that trait relatively invariant, can cause the absence of covariance. In a case study of common tern (Sterna hirundo) chicks, in which hatching order is the main determinant of variation in resource acquisition within broods, we find that body mass, but not telomere length or attrition, varies with hatching order. Moreover, body mass and growth positively predict survival to fledging, whereas telomere length and attrition do not. Using a novel statistical method to quantify standardized variance in plasticity, we estimate between-individual variation in telomere attrition to be only 12% of that of growth. Consistent with the relative invariance of telomere attrition, we find no correlation between age-specific body mass or growth and telomere attrition. We suggest that common tern chicks prioritize investment in long-term somatic state (as indicated by canalization of telomere maintenance) over immediate survival benefits of growth as part of an efficient brood reduction strategy that benefits the parents. As such, interspecific variation in the growth-telomere length relationship may be explained by the extent to which parents benefit from rapid mortality of excess offspring. [Vedder, O.; Verhulst, S.; Bauch, C.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands; [Vedder, O.; Bouwhuis, S.] Inst Avian Res, Wilhelmshaven, Germany Vedder, O (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. oscarvedder@hotmail.com Bauch, Christina/K-3329-2012; Verhulst, Simon/B-1613-2009 Bauch, Christina/0000-0003-0218-5582; Verhulst, Simon/0000-0002-1143-6868 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; division Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [863.14.010] We are indebted to Peter H. Becker for setting up, and maintaining, the long-term common tern population study and facilitating our work in the breeding colony. We thank Gotz Wagenknecht for help with fieldwork and molecularly sexing the chicks, Ellis Mulder for processing and freezing of blood samples and Maravillas Ruiz Minano for assistance with telomere measurements. Michael B. Morrisey provided statistical advice. The study was performed under the licence of the Stadt Wilhelmshaven and supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship and a 'Veni' grant (863.14.010) of the division Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), both to O.V. Permission for blood sampling chicks was granted by the Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Germany. 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JUL 2017 30 7 1409 1419 10.1111/jeb.13119 11 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity FA3PC WOS:000405355100014 28524249 2018-11-12 J Kubinski, JS; Chopik, WJ; Grimm, KJ Kubinski, John S.; Chopik, William J.; Grimm, Kevin J. Change across the lifespan in a psychological measure of life history strategy EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Life history theory; Life history strategy; Age; Sex differences; Longitudinal study LINEAR MODELING ANALYSES; RISK-TAKING; UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; TIME-PREFERENCE; AGE-DIFFERENCES Life history theory predicts that people calibrate their reproductive strategies to local levels of environmental harshness and unpredictability. While previous research has established the importance of early life cues in the development of life history strategy, the degree to which life history strategy exhibits plasticity later in life is unclear. Using longitudinal data (total N = 479) from four archival studies and a recently validated psychological measure of life history strategy, we examined mean-level trends in life history strategy at the level of psychological phenotype between the ages of 7 and 60 and found that life history strategy slowed down linearly as a function of age. Highlighting the importance of sexual selection in shaping life history strategy, we also found that men had a faster life history strategy than women at all ages and that the magnitude of this difference was constant across the lifespan. Our findings suggest that life history strategy development continues even in older adulthood. We discuss the possibility that this occurs in response to the accumulation of biological and social (e.g. offspring, relationships) capital and information about local risks and incentives. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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Hum. Behav. JUL 2017 38 4 434 441 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.04.005 8 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences EZ6MY WOS:000404833200002 2018-11-12 J Wu, JH; Balliet, D; Tybur, JM; Arai, S; Van Lange, PAM; Yamagishi, T Wu, Junhui; Balliet, Daniel; Tybur, Joshua M.; Arai, Sakura; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Yamagishi, Toshio Life history strategy and human cooperation in economic games EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Life history strategy; Cooperation; Evolution; Harshness; Unpredictability SOCIAL VALUE ORIENTATION; PRISONERS-DILEMMA GAME; CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENTS; FUTURE CONSEQUENCES; RESOURCE SCARCITY; DISCOUNT RATES; EVOLUTION; UNPREDICTABILITY; REPUTATION; BEHAVIOR Across five studies using samples from both Japan and United States (N = 2345), we take a multi -method approach to test the prediction from life history theory that a slow, compared to fast, life history strategy promotes investment in cooperative relationships. Studies 1 and 2 examined how different measures as proxies for life history strategy (i.e., Mini-K and High-K Strategy Scale) relate to cooperation in various economic games. Studies 3 to 5 measured early childhood environments (i.e., childhood harshness and unpredictability), manipulated resource scarcity using previously validated methods, and then measured cooperation. Across our studies, we also examined four hypothesized psychological mechanisms that could explain the relation between life history strategy and cooperation: temporal discounting, concern for reputation, social value orientation, and trust in others. Overall, we found no support for the hypothesis that life history strategy predicts cooperation or that early childhood environments interact with current resource scarcity to predict cooperation. Thus, our initial findings imply that life history theory may not account for individual variation in cooperation with unknown others. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Wu, Junhui] Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Dev Psychol, 19 Xinjiekouwai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China; [Wu, Junhui; Balliet, Daniel; Tybur, Joshua M.; Van Lange, Paul A. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Expt & Appl Psychol, Van der Boechorststr 1, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Arai, Sakura] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Yamagishi, Toshio] Hitotsubashi Univ, Grad Sch Int Corp Strategy, Chiyoda Ku, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Tokyo 1018439, Japan Wu, JH (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Dev Psychol, 19 Xinjiekouwai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. junhui.wu@bnu.edu.cn Yamagishi, Toshio/0000-0002-8890-1115 China Scholarship Council [201206040030]; "International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program" by China Postdoctoral Council This research was supported in part by fellowship from China Scholarship Council (201206040030) awarded to Junhui Wu, and the "International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program" by China Postdoctoral Council. 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Hum. Behav. JUL 2017 38 4 496 505 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.03.002 10 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences EZ6MY WOS:000404833200010 2018-11-12 J Mateo, M; Lambert, P; Tetard, S; Castonguay, M; Ernande, B; Drouineau, H Mateo, Maria; Lambert, Patrick; Tetard, Stephane; Castonguay, Martin; Ernande, Bruno; Drouineau, Hilaire Cause or consequence? Exploring the role of phenotypic plasticity and genetic polymorphism in the emergence of phenotypic spatial patterns of the European eel CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES English Article PANMICTIC AMERICAN EEL; ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA L; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; VARYING SELECTION; REACTION NORMS; MANAGEMENT OPTIONS; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; STOCKING PROGRAMS; LOCAL ADAPTATION The European eel (Anguilla anguilla), and generally, temperate eels, are relevant species for studying adaptive mechanisms to environmental variability because of their large distribution areas and their limited capacity of local adaptation. In this context, GenEveel, an individual-based optimization model, was developed to explore the role of adaptive phenotypic plasticity and genetic-dependent habitat selection, in the emergence of observed spatial life-history traits patterns for eels. Results suggest that an interaction of genetically and environmentally controlled growth may be the basis for genotype-dependent habitat selection, whereas plasticity plays a role in changes in life-history traits and demographic attributes. Therefore, this suggests that those mechanisms are responses to address environmental heterogeneity. Moreover, this brings new elements to explain the different life strategies of males and females. A sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters associated with the optimization of fitness and growth genotype were crucial in reproducing the spatial life-history patterns. Finally, it raises the question of the impact of anthropogenic pressures that can cause direct mortalities but also modify demographic traits and act as a selection pressure. [Mateo, Maria; Lambert, Patrick; Drouineau, Hilaire] Irstea, HYNES Irstea EDF R&D, UR EABX Ecosyst Aquat & Changements Globaux, 50 Ave Verdun, F-33612 Cestas, France; [Tetard, Stephane] HYNES Irstea EDF R&D, EDF R&D, Lab Natl Hydraul & Environm, 6 Quai Watier, F-78401 Chatou, France; [Castonguay, Martin] Minist Peches & Oceans, Inst Maurice Lamontagne, CP 1000,850 Route Mer, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada; [Ernande, Bruno] IFREMER, Lab Ressources Halieut Boulogne, 150 Quai Gambetta,BP 699, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France Mateo, M (reprint author), Irstea, HYNES Irstea EDF R&D, UR EABX Ecosyst Aquat & Changements Globaux, 50 Ave Verdun, F-33612 Cestas, France. maria.mateo@irstea.fr Ernande, Bruno/C-1182-2008 Ernande, Bruno/0000-0002-0727-5774; Drouineau, Hilaire/0000-0001-9206-0040 Irstea; EDF RD This study was supported by the Hynes project between Irstea and EDF R&D. We thank Christian Rigaud and Laurent Beaulaton and two anonymous referees for their contribution to the discussion. 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JUL 2017 74 7 987 999 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0214 13 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology EY9YS WOS:000404355600003 2018-11-12 J Photopoulou, T; Ferreira, IM; Best, PB; Kasuya, T; Marsh, H Photopoulou, Theoni; Ferreira, Ines M.; Best, Peter B.; Kasuya, Toshio; Marsh, Helene Evidence for a postreproductive phase in female false killer whales Pseudorca crassidens FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY English Article False killer whale; Postreproductive lifespan; Reproduction; Odontocete LIFE-SPAN; MENOPAUSE; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; SENESCENCE; PATTERNS Background: A substantial period of life after reproduction ends, known as postreproductive lifespan (PRLS), is at odds with classical life history theory and its causes and mechanisms have puzzled evolutionary biologists for decades. Prolonged PRLS has been confirmed in only two non-human mammals, both odontocete cetaceans in the family Delphinidae. We investigate the evidence for PRLS in a third species, the false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens, using a quantitative measure of PRLS and morphological evidence from reproductive tissues. Results: We examined specimens from false killer whales from combined strandings (South Africa, 1981) and harvest (Japan 1979-80) and found morphological evidence of changes in the activity of the ovaries in relation to age. Ovulation had ceased in 50% of whales over 45 years, and all whales over 55 years old had ovaries classified as postreproductive. We also calculated a measure of PRLS, known as postreproductive representation (PrR) as an indication of the effect of inter-population demographic variability. PrR for the combined sample was 0.14, whereas the mean of the simulated distribution for PrR under the null hypothesis of no PRLS was 0.02. The 99th percentile of the simulated distribution was 0.08 and no simulated value exceeded 0.13. These results suggest that PrR was convincingly different from the measures simulated under the null hypothesis. Conclusions: We found morphological and statistical evidence for PRLS in South African and Japanese pods of false killer whales, suggesting that this species is the third non-human mammal in which this phenomenon has been demonstrated in wild populations. Nonetheless, our estimate for PrR in false killer whales (0.14) is lower than the single values available for the short-finned pilot whale (0.28) and the killer whale (0.22) and is more similar to working Asian elephants (0.13). [Photopoulou, Theoni] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Res, Dept Zool, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa; [Photopoulou, Theoni] Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Ctr Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; [Ferreira, Ines M.; Best, Peter B.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa; [Kasuya, Toshio] 35-30-32-3 Nagayama, Tokyo 2060025, Japan; [Marsh, Helene] James Cook Univ, JCU Post Off, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia Photopoulou, T (reprint author), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Res, Dept Zool, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa.; Photopoulou, T (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Ctr Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. theoni.photopoulou@gmail.com Nature Conservation Society of Japan; US Marine Mammal Commission; National Research Foundation of South Africa [90782]; Scarce Skills Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the National Research Foundation, South Africa; World Wide Fund for Nature, Japan; National Research Foundation, South Africa This research was supported by the Nature Conservation Society of Japan and US Marine Mammal Commission and in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant Number 90782). 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Adverse Childhood Environment: Relationship With Sexual Risk Behaviors and Marital Status in a Large American Sample EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article adverse childhood environment; acceleration theory; sexual risk behaviors; HIV test; marital status LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS; FAMILY ENVIRONMENT; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; MENARCHEAL AGE; MEDIATING ROLE; UNITED-STATES; STRESS A substantial theoretical and empirical literature suggests that stressful events in childhood influence the timing and patterning of subsequent sexual and reproductive behaviors. Stressful childhood environments have been predicted to produce a life history strategy in which adults are oriented more toward short-term mating behaviors and less toward behaviors consistent with longevity. This article tests the hypothesis that adverse childhood environment will predict adult outcomes in two areas: risky sexual behavior (engagement in sexual risk behavior or having taken an HIV test) and marital status (currently married vs. never married, divorced, or a member of an unmarried couple). Data come from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The sample contains 17,530 men and 23,978 women aged 18-54 years living in 13 U.S. states plus the District of Columbia. Adverse childhood environment is assessed through 11 retrospective measures of childhood environment, including having grown up with someone who was depressed or mentally ill, who was an alcoholic, who used or abused drugs, or who served time in prison; whether one's parents divorced in childhood; and two scales measuring childhood exposure to violence and to sexual trauma. The results indicate that adverse childhood environment is associated with increased likelihood of engaging in sexual risk behaviors or taking an HIV test, and increased likelihood of being in an unmarried couple or divorced/separated, for both men and women. The predictions are supported by the data, lending further support to the hypothesis that childhood environments influence adult reproductive strategy. [Anderson, Kermyt G.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA Anderson, KG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. kganders@ou.edu NIH [U54-GM104938-01A1] The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported in part by NIH U54-GM104938-01A1 (Judith James: Lead PI). 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Psychol. JUN 4 2017 15 2 1 10.1177/1474704917710115 11 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EW8XC WOS:000402800400001 28580807 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Murray, DR; Gildersleeve, KA; Fales, MR; Haselton, MG Murray, Damian R.; Gildersleeve, Kelly A.; Fales, Melissa R.; Haselton, Martie G. MHC Homozygosity Is Associated with Fast Sexual Strategies in Women ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY English Article Life history theory; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Immunocompetence; Sexual strategies INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDES; SOCIOSEXUALITY; ADOLESCENTS; PERSONALITY; HETEROZYGOSITY Life History Theory proposes that individuals facing uncontrollable threats to their survival-for example, uncontrollable threats of infectious disease-will pursue a "fast" sexual strategy, characterized by earlier and more promiscuous sexual behavior. Consistent with this idea, individuals with genes that equip them with poorer defenses against infectious disease could also tend to pursue a faster sexual strategy. Within a sample of 180 women, we find that women with a genetic marker of lower immunocompetence-namely, homozygosity at the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region of the genome-report more positive attitudes towards short-term sexual relationships, a younger age at sexual debut, a more promiscuous sexual history (such as more one-time sex partners), and a greater number of lifetime sexual relationships but not romantic relationships. These findings identify the MHC as a possible source of genetic variation in women's sexual strategies and highlight the need for further research examining the complex links between genes, immunocompetence, and social behavior in humans. [Murray, Damian R.] Tulane Univ, Dept Psychol, 2007 Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA; [Gildersleeve, Kelly A.] Chapman Univ, Dept Psychol, 1 Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA; [Fales, Melissa R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Haselton, Martie G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 2303 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Haselton, Martie G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Commun Studies, 2303 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Murray, DR (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Psychol, 2007 Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. dmurray4@tulane.edu American Institute for Bisexuality This study and preparation of this manuscript was funded a grant from the American Institute for Bisexuality (awarded to MGH). 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JUN 2017 3 2 101 117 10.1007/s40750-016-0057-5 17 Psychology, Biological Psychology FC8UH WOS:000407116300002 2018-11-12 J de Baca, TC; Ellis, BJ de Baca, Tomas Cabeza; Ellis, Bruce J. Early stress, parental motivation, and reproductive decision-making: applications of life history theory to parental behavior CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHOLOGY English Review EARLY-CHILDHOOD; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; FATHER ABSENCE; MEDIATING ROLE; STRATEGY; HEALTH; GIRLS; RISK; UNPREDICTABILITY; ENVIRONMENTS This review focuses on the impact of parental behavior on child development, as interpreted from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. We employ psychosocial acceleration theory to reinterpret the effects of variation in parental investment and involvement on child development, arguing that these effects have been structured by natural selection to match the developing child to current and expected future environments. Over time, an individual's development, physiology, and behavior are organized in a coordinated manner (as instantiated in 'life history strategies') that facilitates survival and reproductive success under different conditions. We review evidence to suggest that parental behavior (1) is strategic and contingent on environmental opportunities and constraints and (2) influences child life history strategies across behavioral, cognitive, and physiological domains. [de Baca, Tomas Cabeza] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Psychol, 3333 Calif St,Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA; [Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, 380 S 1530 E,Rm 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; [Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, 380 S 1530 E,Rm 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA Ellis, BJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, 380 S 1530 E,Rm 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.; Ellis, BJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, 380 S 1530 E,Rm 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. bruce.ellis@psych.utah.edu National Institute of Health [T32MH019391]; National Science Foundation [BCS-1322553]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [73657] This work was supported by the National Institute of Health grant T32MH019391 (TCDB), the National Science Foundation grant BCS-1322553 (BJE), and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grant 73657 (BJE). 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This flexibility should result in the use of aggressive short-term tactics only when they do not interfere with long-term goals. Study 1 found that individuals high in Machiavellianism differed from those high in psychopathy with respect to retrospective accounts of negative mate retention tactics. Study 2 found an interaction between Machiavellianism and relationship type such that individuals high in Machiavellianism tempered the use of negative tactics for long-term (but not short-term) relationships. The findings highlight the flexibility of the Machiavellianism construct and its relevance to mating strategies among the Dark Triad. 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These increases in brain and body size suggest that reproductive (and, therefore, evolutionary) rates must have slowed considerably during this period. During the same period, however, environmental heterogeneity has increased substantially. A central tenet of life-history theory states that in heterogeneous environments, organisms with fast life histories will be favoured. The human lineage, therefore, has proceeded in direct contradiction of this theory. This contribution attempts to resolve this contradiction by recourse to Godfrey-Smith's Environmental Complexity Thesis, which states that the function of cognition is to enable the organism to deal with environmental complexity. It is suggested that among slowly reproducing organisms the behavioural flexibility provided by advanced cognitive abilities is a fundamental component of adaptation to heterogeneous environments. In the human lineage this flexibility is manifest particularly in the increasing complexity of material culture. 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Philos. JUN 2017 32 3 395 420 10.1007/s10539-017-9564-4 26 History & Philosophy Of Science History & Philosophy of Science EZ3UL WOS:000404635900005 2018-11-12 J Arlettaz, R; Christe, P; Schaub, M Arlettaz, Raphael; Christe, Philippe; Schaub, Michael Food availability as a major driver in the evolution of life-history strategies of sibling species ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article age at first reproduction; bats; demography; life-history trade-off; multistate capture-recapture model; survival POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; MOUSE-EARED BATS; MYOTIS-MYOTIS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; ADULT SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; MAMMALS; BLYTHII; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENT Life-history theory predicts trade-offs between reproductive and survival traits such that different strategies or environmental constraints may yield comparable lifetime reproductive success among conspecifics. Food availability is one of the most important environmental factors shaping developmental processes. It notably affects key life-history components such as reproduction and survival prospect. We investigated whether food resource availability could also operate as an ultimate driver of life-history strategy variation between species. During 13 years, we marked and recaptured young and adult sibling mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii) at sympatric colonial sites. We tested whether distinct, species-specific trophic niches and food availability patterns may drive interspecific differences in key life-history components such as age at first reproduction and survival. We took advantage of a quasi-experimental setting in which prey availability for the two species varies between years (pulse vs. nonpulse resource years), modeling mark-recapture data for demographic comparisons. Prey availability dictated both adult survival and age at first reproduction. The bat species facing a more abundant and predictable food supply early in the season started its reproductive life earlier and showed a lower adult survival probability than the species subjected to more limited and less predictable food supply, while lifetime reproductive success was comparable in both species. The observed life-history trade-off indicates that temporal patterns in food availability can drive evolutionary divergence in life-history strategies among sympatric sibling species. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; STEARNS SC, 1976, Q REV BIOL, V51, P3, DOI 10.1086/409052; Wilkinson GS, 2002, AGING CELL, V1, P124, DOI 10.1046/j.1474-9728.2002.00020.x 40 0 0 4 30 WILEY HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA 2045-7758 ECOL EVOL Ecol. Evol. JUN 2017 7 12 4163 4172 10.1002/ece3.2909 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology EY3PN WOS:000403884700009 28649329 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Anderson, KG Anderson, Kermyt G. Establishment of Legal Paternity for Children of Unmarried American Women HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Paternity establishment; Paternal investment; Birth certificates; Pregnancy outcomes; Life history theory GESTATIONAL DIABETES-MELLITUS; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; INFANT-MORTALITY; ALBUQUERQUE MEN; BIRTH OUTCOMES; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT; RISK-FACTORS The establishment of a legal father for children of unmarried parents reflects both high paternity confidence and male willingness to commit to paternal investment. Whether an unmarried man voluntarily acknowledges paternity after a child is born has important consequences for both the mother and child. This paper brings to bear a life history perspective on paternity establishment, noting that men face trade-offs between mating and parental effort and that women will adjust their investment in children based on expected male investment. I predict that paternity establishment will be more likely when the mother has high socioeconomic status, when maternal health is good, and when the child is male, low parity, or a singleton (versus multiple) birth. I further predict that establishment of paternity will be associated with increased maternal investment in offspring, resulting in healthier babies with higher birthweights who are more likely to be breastfed. These predictions are tested using data on 5.4 million births in the United States from 2009 through 2013. Overall the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the trade-offs men face between reproductive and parental investment influence whether men voluntarily acknowledge paternity when a child is born. [Anderson, Kermyt G.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, 521 Dale Hall Tower,455 West Lindsey, Norman, OK 73131 USA Anderson, KG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, 521 Dale Hall Tower,455 West Lindsey, Norman, OK 73131 USA. kganders@ou.edu NIH [U54-GM104938-01A1] I thank Kathrine Starkweather, Mary Shenk, and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Joanna Scheib for information about women using donor insemination. This research was supported in part by NIH U54-GM104938-01A1 (Judith James: Lead PI). 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JUN 2017 28 2 168 200 10.1007/s12110-017-9284-0 33 Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences EX7WY WOS:000403461300004 28205120 2018-11-12 J Westneat, DF; Mutzel, A; Bonner, S; Wright, J Westneat, David F.; Mutzel, Ariane; Bonner, Simon; Wright, Jonathan Experimental manipulation of brood size affects several levels of phenotypic variance in offspring and parent pied flycatchers BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Article Variance sensitivity; Life history; Central place foraging; Variance in residual variance; Parental care; Begging; Hierarchical modeling; Double GLM GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; RESIDUAL VARIANCE; PREY LOADERS; CARE; FOOD; COSTS; BIRDS Parental provisioning of offspring should reflect selection on life history aspects of parenting and on foraging behavior. Life history and foraging theory generally make predictions about mean behavior, but some circumstances might favor changes in the variance of parent and offspring behaviors. We analyzed data on free-living pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) experiencing a brood size manipulation. We used double hierarchical generalized linear models to investigate patterns in means and variances of provisioning, brood begging, and parental mass. As predicted by life history theory, parents with enlarged broods of intensely begging nestlings fed at higher rates and delivered more food per unit of time. They also delivered food at a more consistent rate. This contradicts the prediction from variance-sensitive foraging theory that parents facing higher brood demand should choose more variable foraging options. Indirect evidence suggests that reduced variance in trip time arose from shifts in parental time budgets. Exploratory analyses revealed patterns in residual variance of both nestling begging and parental mass changes, with enlarged broods begging less consistently and female body mass changes being more variable after longer foraging trips. We show that parent pied flycatchers simultaneously adjust means and variances in multiple aspects of their provisioning effort to changes in brood demand and that these responses might be linked with nestling begging and changes in parental body mass. Our study highlights both the importance of adopting sophisticated statistical approaches and the potential intersection of two bodies of theory that may affect strategic adjustments of individuals engaged in central place provisioning. Significance statement Central place foragers, such as many parent birds provisioning offspring, are subject to selective forces from both life history and foraging ecology. Most effects of selection are expected on mean behaviors, but adaptive life histories or foraging decisions can also influence variances. We analyzed both means and variances in parent pied flycatchers experiencing either increases or decreases in brood size. Parents with enhanced broods had shorter foraging trips and offspring that begged more, matching predictions from life history theory. They also exhibited less variation in trip time, contrary to predictions from variance sensitive foraging theory. However, patterns in the residual variance in offspring begging and parental mass are less easily explained and raise new questions. Statistical models of means and variances illuminate the intersection between two bodies of theory and reveal new processes affecting provisioning behavior. [Westneat, David F.; Mutzel, Ariane] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, 101 Morgan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; [Bonner, Simon] Univ Kentucky, Dept Stat, Multidisciplinary Sci Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; [Bonner, Simon] Western Univ, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [Bonner, Simon] Western Univ, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [Wright, Jonathan] NTNU, Dept Biol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Westneat, DF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, 101 Morgan Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. david.westneat@uky.edu US National Science Foundation [IOS1257718]; Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence [223257] We would like to thank Duncan Brown and (the then) CCW for access to Abergwyngregyn NNR, as well as Gabrielle Archard, Christian Both, Matt Davey, Kim Denny, Ioan Fazey, Camilla Hinde, Adam Morrey, Roberta Spears, Jane Stott, Richard Yarnell and Yoram, and Shlomith Yom-Tov for assistance in the field. 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Ecol. Sociobiol. JUN 2017 71 6 UNSP 91 10.1007/s00265-017-2315-3 13 Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology EW9FD WOS:000402821300005 2018-11-12 J Lind, MI; Chen, HY; Meurling, S; Gil, ACG; Carlsson, H; Zwoinska, MK; Andersson, J; Larva, T; Maklakov, AA Lind, Martin I.; Chen, Hwei-yen; Meurling, Sara; Gil, Ana Cristina Guevara; Carlsson, Hanne; Zwoinska, Martyna K.; Andersson, Johan; Larva, Tuuli; Maklakov, Alexei A. Slow development as an evolutionary cost of long life FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article antagonistic pleiotropy; development time; growth; life span; stress resistance; trade-off DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STRESS RESISTANCE; C-ELEGANS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CORRELATED RESPONSES; RANA-TEMPORARIA; GROWTH; LONGEVITY; SPAN Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between early-life fitness and life span. While the focus traditionally has been on the fecundity-life span trade-off, there are strong reasons to expect trade-offs with growth rate and/or development time. We investigated the roles of growth rate and development time in the evolution of life span in two independent selection experiments in the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. First, we found that selection under heat-shock leads to the evolution of increased life span without fecundity costs, but at the cost of slower development. Thereafter, the putative evolutionary links between development time, growth rate, fecundity, heat-shock resistance and life span were independently assessed in the second experiment by directly selecting for fast or slow development. This experiment confirmed our initial findings, since selection for slow development resulted in the evolution of long life span and increased heat-shock resistance. Because there were no consistent trade-offs with growth rate or fecundity, our results highlight the key role of development rate - differentiation of the somatic cells per unit of time - in the evolution of life span. Since development time is under strong selection in nature, reduced somatic maintenance resulting in shorter life span may be a widespread cost of rapid development. A is available for this article. [Lind, Martin I.; Chen, Hwei-yen; Meurling, Sara; Gil, Ana Cristina Guevara; Carlsson, Hanne; Zwoinska, Martyna K.; Andersson, Johan; Larva, Tuuli; Maklakov, Alexei A.] Uppsala Univ, Anim Ecol, Dept Ecol & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [Maklakov, Alexei A.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England Lind, MI (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Anim Ecol, Dept Ecol & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. martin.i.lind@gmail.com Lind, Martin/A-4189-2011; Maklakov, Alexei/F-8167-2014 Lind, Martin/0000-0001-5602-1933; Maklakov, Alexei/0000-0002-5809-1203 Swedish Research Council [623-2012-6366]; EBC, Uppsala University; European Research Council; Swedish Research Council M.I.L. was supported by the Swedish Research Council (623-2012-6366) and by EBC, Uppsala University. A.A.M. was supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant-2010 (AGINGSEXDIFF) and by the Swedish Research Council. 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JUN 2017 31 6 1252 1261 10.1111/1365-2435.12840 10 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology EW6TJ WOS:000402642900009 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Pazhoohi, F; Arantes, J Pazhoohi, Farid; Arantes, Joana How Men Age: What Evolution Reveals about Male Health and Mortality FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Book Review men aging; male health and mortality; reproductive senescence; biological anthropology; Darwinian evolutionary theory; life history theory [Pazhoohi, Farid; Arantes, Joana] Univ Minho, Sch Psychol, Human Cognit, Braga, Portugal Pazhoohi, F (reprint author), Univ Minho, Sch Psychol, Human Cognit, Braga, Portugal. pazhoohi@gmail.com Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds; FEDER through COMPETE under the PT [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653]; FCT [SFRH/BD/114366/2016, IF/01298/2014] This study was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and cofinanced by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). FP receives funding from FCT through grant SFRH/BD/114366/2016; JA receives funding from FCT through grant IF/01298/2014. RICHARD G, 2016, MEN AGE WHAT EVOLUTI 1 0 0 0 2 FRONTIERS MEDIA SA LAUSANNE PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND 1664-1078 FRONT PSYCHOL Front. Psychol. MAY 30 2017 8 894 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00894 2 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology EW2JQ WOS:000402323300001 DOAJ Gold, Green Published, Green Accepted 2018-11-12 J Apfelbeck, B; Helm, B; Illera, JC; Mortega, KG; Smiddy, P; Evans, NP Apfelbeck, Beate; Helm, Barbara; Illera, Juan Carlos; Mortega, Kim G.; Smiddy, Patrick; Evans, Neil P. Baseline and stress-induced levels of corticosterone in male and female Afrotropical and European temperate stonechats during breeding BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article Life history; Corticosterone; Tropical-temperate; Simulated territorial intrusion (STI); Seasonal SAXICOLA-TORQUATA-AXILLARIS; HORMONE-BEHAVIOR INTERACTIONS; COMMON-GARDEN EXPERIMENT; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; TERN STERNA-HIRUNDO; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PASSERINE BIRD; TERRITORIAL AGGRESSION; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS Background: Latitudinal variation in avian life histories falls along a slow-fast pace of life continuum: tropical species produce small clutches, but have a high survival probability, while in temperate species the opposite pattern is found. This study investigated whether differential investment into reproduction and survival of tropical and temperate species is paralleled by differences in the secretion of the vertebrate hormone corticosterone (CORT). Depending on circulating concentrations, CORT can both act as a metabolic (low to medium levels) and a stress hormone (high levels) and, thereby, influence reproductive decisions. Baseline and stress-induced CORT was measured across sequential stages of the breeding season in males and females of closely related taxa of stonechats (Saxicola spp) from a wide distribution area. We compared stonechats from 13 sites, representing Canary Islands, European temperate and East African tropical areas. Stonechats are highly seasonal breeders at all these sites, but vary between tropical and temperate regions with regard to reproductive investment and presumably also survival. Results: In accordance with life-history theory, during parental stages, post-capture (baseline) CORT was overall lower in tropical than in temperate stonechats. However, during mating stages, tropical males had elevated post-capture (baseline) CORT concentrations, which did not differ from those of temperate males. Female and male mates of a pair showed correlated levels of post-capture CORT when sampled after simulated territorial intrusions. In contrast to the hypothesis that species with low reproduction and high annual survival should be more risk-sensitive, tropical stonechats had lower stress-induced CORT concentrations than temperate stonechats. We also found relatively high post-capture (baseline) and stress-induced CORT concentrations, in slow-paced Canary Islands stonechats. Conclusions: Our data support and refine the view that baseline CORT facilitates energetically demanding activities in males and females and reflects investment into reproduction. Low parental workload was associated with lower post-capture (baseline) CORT as expected for a slow pace of life in tropical species. On a finer resolution, however, this tropical-temperate contrast did not generally hold. Post-capture (baseline) CORT was higher during mating stages in particular in tropical males, possibly to support the energetic needs of mate-guarding. Counter to predictions based on life history theory, our data do not confirm the hypothesis that long-lived tropical populations have higher stress-induced CORT concentrations than short-lived temperate populations. Instead, in the predator-rich tropical environments of African stonechats, a dampened stress response during parental stages may increase survival probabilities of young. Overall our data further support an association between life history and baseline CORT, but challenge the role of stress-induced CORT as a mediator of tropical-temperate variation in life history. [Apfelbeck, Beate; Helm, Barbara; Mortega, Kim G.; Evans, Neil P.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Apfelbeck, Beate] Tech Univ Munich, Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Dept Ecol & Ecosystemmanagement, Terr Ecol Res Grp, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany; [Mortega, Kim G.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany; [Illera, Juan Carlos] Oviedo Univ, Res Unit Biodivers UO CSIC PA, Campus Mieres, Mieres 33600, Spain; [Smiddy, Patrick] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland Apfelbeck, B (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.; Apfelbeck, B (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Dept Ecol & Ecosystemmanagement, Terr Ecol Res Grp, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. bea.apfelbeck@gmx.de Illera, Juan Carlos/C-6583-2014 Illera, Juan Carlos/0000-0002-4389-0264; Mortega, Kim Geraldine/0000-0002-2645-6677 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; British Society for Neuroendocrinolgy; German Science foundation (DFG) [HE3488/5-1] This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (BA), the British Society for Neuroendocrinolgy (BA, NE), and the German Science foundation (DFG, research grant to BH grant HE3488/5-1). 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Evolutionary Nephrology KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS English Review adaptation; chronic kidney disease; energy; evolution; life history; progression CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; LONG-TERM RISK; ATUBULAR GLOMERULI; COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY; INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; URETERAL OBSTRUCTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; PROXIMAL TUBULE Progressive kidney disease follows nephron loss, hyperfiltration, and incomplete repair, a process described as "maladaptive." In the past 20 years, a new discipline has emerged that expands research horizons: evolutionary medicine. In contrast to physiologic (homeostatic) adaptation, evolutionary adaptation is the result of reproductive success that reflects natural selection. Evolutionary explanations for physiologically maladaptive responses can emerge from mismatch of the phenotype with environment or from evolutionary tradeoffs. Evolutionary adaptation to a terrestrial environment resulted in a vulnerable energy-consuming renal tubule and a hypoxic, hyperosmolar microenvironment. Natural selection favors successful energy investment strategy: energy is allocated to maintenance of nephron integrity through reproductive years, but this declines with increasing senescence after similar to 40 years of age. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease include restricted fetal growth or preterm birth (life history tradeoff resulting in fewer nephrons), evolutionary selection for APOL1 mutations (which provide resistance to trypanosome infection, a tradeoff), and modern life experience (Western diet mismatch leading to diabetes and hypertension). Current advances in genomics, epigenetics, and developmental biology have revealed proximate causes of kidney disease, but attempts to slow kidney disease remain elusive. Evolutionary medicine provides a complementary approach by addressing ultimate causes of kidney disease. Marked variation in nephron number at birth, nephron heterogeneity, and changing susceptibility to kidney injury throughout the life history are the result of evolutionary processes. Combined application of molecular genetics, evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), developmental programming, and life history theory may yield new strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease. [Chevalier, Robert L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, POB 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA Chevalier, RL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, POB 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RLC2M@virginia.edu National Institutes of Health (NIH) Center of Excellence in Pediatric Nephrology [DK096373] This work was published in abstract form and presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the International Society for Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, Durham, NC, June 22 - 25, 2016. The author is indebted to Dr. Robert L. Perlman for his critical review of the manuscript and most helpful suggestions. Portions of the author's work were supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Center of Excellence in Pediatric Nephrology DK096373. 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In these groups we model the relationship between the age at first creative work, and age at death using multilevel regression, adjusting for sex, date of birth, and nationality. Historical biographical records on 1110 musical composers and 1182 creative writers, born in the period 1400 AD through 1915 AD, were obtained from the Oxford Companion to Music and the Oxford Companion to English Literature. Composers and creative writers lived, respectively 0.16 (p = 0.02) and 0.18 (p < 0.01) years longer for each later year of age at first work. When completion of the first creative work is interpreted as a proxy for the onset of intellectual maturity in composers and creative writers, our findings indicate that a later onset of intellectual maturity is associated with higher longevity. [Hafkamp, Maurits P. J.; Slaets, Joris P. J.; van Bodegom, David] Leyden Acad Vital & Ageing, Leiden, Netherlands; [Slaets, Joris P. 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Among other themes, I illustrate how much of my career was the result of recognizing good opportunities rather than specific plans, the role that search problems have played in my career, and the power of mathematical methods to allow us to find commonalities in systems appears totally different. I discuss in detail my involvement in the International Court of Justice between Australia and Japan concerning special permit whaling in the Antarctic and conclude with my current activities-showing that surprises can happen at any point in a career. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-9020 Bergen, Norway Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-9020 Bergen, Norway. msmangel@ucsc.edu NOAA Fisheries; NSF; Sea Grant; USDA; Lenfest Ocean program I thank Howard Browman for inviting me to write this essay. Over a long career, I have had support from NOAA Fisheries, NSF, Sea Grant, and USDA and the Lenfest Ocean program; I thank them all. Similarly, I thank the members of my group not mentioned or cited in here for helping create the rich intellectual life that I have enjoyed in UC for almost 40 years. Although I have not published a paper with these colleagues, I thank them for friendship and support over the years: Nancy Reid (since 1974), Simon Levin (since 1977, and an able squash partner for nearly 20 years), John Gillespie and Michael Turelli (at Davis), Joe Travis (since 1996), and John Thompson (at Santa Cruz). I thank Susan Milke Mangel, my partner in this adventure of ideas, an anonymous referee and Howard Browman for comments on a previous version of the manuscript. 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MAY-JUN 2017 74 5 1237 1248 10.1093/icesjms/fsw228 12 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography EZ1DS WOS:000404450700001 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Hammill, MO; Sauve, C Hammill, M. O.; Sauve, C. Growth and condition in harp seals: evidence of density-dependent and density-independent influences ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE English Article density-dependence; ecology; Northwest Atlantic harp seal; Pagophilus groenlandicus; population regulation MIXED EFFECTS MODELS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; PHOCA-GROENLANDICA; PAGOPHILUS-GROENLANDICUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS; REGIME SHIFTS; SMALL MAMMALS; ST-LAWRENCE; CLIMATE Life history theory predicts that resource competition increases as a population increases, leading to changes in life history traits such as growth, survival, and reproduction. The Northwest Atlantic (NWA) harp seal population has increased from a low of 1.1 million animals in 1971 to over 7 million animals in 2014. Given this 7-fold increase in abundance, we hypothesized that density-dependent regulation might be reflected by changes in body growth. Gompertz curves fitted to size at age data for harp seals collected in the Gulf of St Lawrence over a 40 year period show a decline in female asymptotic length and mass. Body mass and condition were negatively related to reproductive rates the previous year, while a quadratic relationship ('inverse u') was observed between body measures and the ratio of the March: April first year ice cover, a measure of ice breakup. Condition was also negatively related to January ice cover. At high densities, reproduction is likely to be relatively more expensive for Northwest Atlantic harp seals, underlining the importance of females being able to access high energy food during the winter foraging period to build-up condition prior to pupping. A complex relationship between condition and the timing of ice-breakup likely reflects the influence of the timing of ice retreat on food resources and hence female ability to rebuild energy stores prior to moulting. [Hammill, M. O.; Sauve, C.] Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada Hammill, MO (reprint author), Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. mike.hammill@dfo-mpo.gc.ca Department of Fisheries and Oceans We thank G. Cyr, R. Vigneau, P. Rivard, S. Turgeon, J-F Gosselin, P. Carter, and H. McRae for help with sampling. This study was supported by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. 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Mar. Sci. MAY-JUN 2017 74 5 1395 1407 10.1093/icesjms/fsw237 13 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography EZ1DS WOS:000404450700015 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Gray, PB; McHale, TS; Carre, JM Gray, Peter B.; McHale, Timothy S.; Carre, Justin M. A review of human male field studies of hormones and behavioral reproductive effort HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR English Review Male reproduction; Life history; Competition; Sexuality; steroids; Testosterone; Oxytocin SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; SEX-TYPED BEHAVIOR; HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; DIGIT RATIO 2D-4D; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHALLENGE HYPOTHESIS; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY; MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM; EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE The purpose of this paper is to review field studies of human male hormones and reproductive behavior. We first discuss life history theory and related conceptual considerations. As illustrations, distinctive features of human male life histories such as coalitional aggression, long-term partnering and paternal care are noted, along with their relevance to overall reproductive effort and developmental plasticity. We address broad questions about what constitutes a human male field study of hormones and behavior, including the kinds of hormone and behavioral measures employed in existing studies. Turning to several sections of empirical review, we present and discuss evidence for links between prenatal and juvenile androgens and sexual attraction and aggression. This includes the proposal that adrenal androgens DHEA and androstenedione may play functional roles during juvenility as part of a life-stage specific system. We next review studies of adult male testosterone responses to competition, with these studies emphasizing men's involvement in individual and team sports. These studies show that men's testosterone responses differ with respect to variables such as playing home/away, winning/losing, and motivation. Field studies of human male hormones and sexual behavior also focus on testosterone, showing some evidence of patterned changes in men's testosterone to sexual activity. Moreover, life stage specific changes in male androgens may structure age-related differences in sexual behavior, including decreases in sexual behavior with senescence. We overview the considerable body of research on male testosterone, partnerships and paternal care, noting the variation in social context and refinements in research design. A few field studies provide insight into relationships between partnering and paternal behavior and prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. In the third section of the review, we discuss patterns, limitations and directions for future research. This includes discussion of conceptual and methodological issues future research might consider as well as opportunities for contributions in under-researched male life stages (juvenility, senescence) and hormones (e.g., vasopressin). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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Behav. MAY 2017 91 52 67 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.07.004 16 Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism EW5YQ WOS:000402582800005 27449532 2018-11-12 J Tarwater, CE; Arcese, P Tarwater, Corey E.; Arcese, Peter Young females pay higher costs of reproduction in a short-lived bird BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Article Cost of reproduction; Senescence; Reproductive effort; Termination of breeding; Song sparrow; Melospiza melodia LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SONG SPARROW; BREEDING EXPERIENCE; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; TRADE-OFF; NATURAL-POPULATION; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; PIED FLYCATCHER; AGE; SURVIVAL Theory predicts a trade-off between current reproduction and future reproduction or survival. Nevertheless, costs of reproduction are often not found owing to heterogeneity in environment or individuals, or to studies not evaluating multiple costs or reproductive metrics that could influence costs. Detecting costs of reproduction is further complicated by the fact that they may increase with age if physiological condition declines in older individuals, or decrease with age if younger individuals are less efficient at acquiring resources than older individuals. We used a 37-year study to evaluate costs of reproduction in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Our results support theoretical expectations for short-lived species by demonstrating costs of reproduction on future survival, but not on future reproduction. We examined two metrics of reproductive allocation-reproductive effort and termination of breeding-and found that only higher reproductive effort increased costs. Thus, testing of multiple allocation metrics may be necessary because results may not be coincident between metrics. Lastly, we observed that younger females paid higher costs of reproduction than older females. Although older female sparrows senesced, they had lower costs of reproduction than younger females who may be less able to acquire food or high-quality mates. By taking into account variation among individuals and examining multiple metrics, our study provides strong support for costs of reproduction and a decrease in costs with age. Significance statement One premise of life history theory is that reproduction is costly, but evidence of such costs remains mixed. Mixed results may arise because resources are not always limiting for all individuals or in all environments, leading to temporal, spatial, and individual heterogeneity in trade-offs between current reproduction and future reproduction or survival that can be hard to detect. Costs may also vary with age, depending on how resource acquisition and allocation vary with age. We used a 37-year study of female song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to control statistically for individual and environmental heterogeneity and test multiple cost metrics. We demonstrate marked costs of reproduction on future survival, particularly in young females. [Tarwater, Corey E.; Arcese, Peter] Univ British Columbia Vancouver, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Tarwater, Corey E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA Tarwater, CE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia Vancouver, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Tarwater, CE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. corey.tarwater@uwyo.edu Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [212456, 2000-2016]; National Science Foundation; Forest Renewal British Columbia Chair of Conservation Biology; Werner and Hildegarde Hesse; Dept. of Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia Research over the past 40 years was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery 212456, 2000-2016), National Science Foundation, a Forest Renewal British Columbia Chair of Conservation Biology, Werner and Hildegarde Hesse, and the Dept. of Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia. 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MAY 2017 71 5 UNSP 84 10.1007/s00265-017-2309-1 8 Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology EU6MO WOS:000401148300008 2018-11-12 J Barbaro, N; Boutwell, BB; Barnes, JC; Shackelford, TK Barbaro, Nicole; Boutwell, Brian B.; Barnes, J. C.; Shackelford, Todd K. Genetic confounding of the relationship between father absence and age at menarche EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Life history theory; Age at menarche; Father absence; Behavioral genetics; Simulation LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; 1ST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; BEHAVIOR GENETICS; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; PUBERTAL MATURATION; EVOLUTIONARY; HERITABILITY; PERSONALITY Research in evolutionary psychology, and life history theory in particular, has yielded important insights into the developmental processes that underpin variation in growth, psychological functioning, and behavioral outcomes across individuals. Yet, there are methodological concerns that limit the ability to draw causal inferences about human development and psychological functioning within a life history framework. The current study used a simulation-based modeling approach to estimate the degree of genetic confounding in tests of a well-researched life history hypothesis: that father absence (X) is associated with earlier age at menarche (Y). The results demonstrate that the genetic correlation between X and Y can confound the phenotypic association between the two variables, even if the genetic correlation is small suggesting that failure to control for the genetic correlation between X and Y could produce a spurious phenotypic correlation. We discuss the implications of these results for research on human life history, and highlight the utility of incorporating genetically sensitive tests into future life history research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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MAY 2017 38 3 357 365 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.11.007 9 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences ET0PV WOS:000399966800012 2018-11-12 J Sng, O; Neuberg, SL; Varnum, MEW; Kenrick, DT Sng, Oliver; Neuberg, Steven L.; Varnum, Michael E. W.; Kenrick, Douglas T. The Crowded Life Is a Slow Life: Population Density and Life History Strategy JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article behavioral ecology; cross-cultural differences; life history theory; population density; time orientation PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; PUBERTAL MATURATION; OFFSPRING SIZE; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; CULTURE; ENVIRONMENTS The world population has doubled over the last half century. Yet, research on the psychological effects of human population density, once a popular topic, has decreased over the past few decades. Applying a fresh perspective to an old topic, we draw upon life history theory to examine the effects of population density. Across nations and across the U.S. states (Studies 1 and 2), we find that dense populations exhibit behaviors corresponding to a slower life history strategy, including greater future-orientation, greater investment in education, more long-term mating orientation, later marriage age, lower fertility, and greater parental investment. In Studies 3 and 4, experimentally manipulating perceptions of high density led individuals to become more future-oriented. Finally, in Studies 5 and 6, experimentally manipulating perceptions of high density seemed to lead to life-stage-specific slower strategies, with college students preferring to invest in fewer rather than more relationship partners, and an older MTurk sample preferring to invest in fewer rather than more children. This research sheds new insight on the effects of density and its implications for human cultural variation and society at large. [Sng, Oliver] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Neuberg, Steven L.; Varnum, Michael E. W.; Kenrick, Douglas T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Sng, O (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. olisng@umich.edu Arizona State University Foundation for a New American University This research was financially supported by research funds provided to Steven L. Neuberg by the Arizona State University Foundation for a New American University. The authors thank Bruce Ellis, Kim Hill, Shigehiro Oishi, and Joshua Tybur for helpful comments and suggestions. 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Pers. Soc. Psychol. MAY 2017 112 5 736 754 10.1037/pspi0000086 19 Psychology, Social Psychology ES7QF WOS:000399744600006 28068116 2018-11-12 J Parker, BJ; Barribeau, SM; Laughton, AM; Griffin, LH; Gerardo, NM Parker, Benjamin J.; Barribeau, Seth M.; Laughton, Alice M.; Griffin, Lynn H.; Gerardo, Nicole M. Life-history strategy determines constraints on immune function JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article ecological immunology; fitness trade-offs; host-pathogen interactions; innate immunity; pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum); polyphenism DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROPHYLAXIS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; PEA APHID; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DESERT LOCUST Determining the factors governing investment in immunity is critical to understanding host-pathogen ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Studies often consider disease resistance in the context of life-history theory, with the expectation that investment in immunity will be optimized in anticipation of disease risk. Immunity, however, is constrained by context-dependent fitness costs. How the costs of immunity vary across life-history strategies has yet to be considered. Pea aphids are typically unwinged but produce winged offspring in response to high population densities and deteriorating conditions. This is an example of polyphenism, a strategy used by many organisms to adjust to environmental cues. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the fitness costs of immunity, pathogen resistance and the strength of an immune response across aphid morphs that differ in life-history strategy but are genetically identical. We measured fecundity of winged and unwinged aphids challenged with a heat-inactivated fungal pathogen, and found that immune costs are limited to winged aphids. We hypothesized that these costs reflect stronger investment in immunity in anticipation of higher disease risk, and that winged aphids would be more resistant due to a stronger immune response. However, producing wings is energetically expensive. This guided an alternative hypothesis - that investing resources into wings could lead to a reduced capacity to resist infection. We measured survival and pathogen load after live fungal infection, and we characterized the aphid immune response to fungi by measuring immune cell concentration and gene expression. We found that winged aphids are less resistant and mount a weaker immune response than unwinged aphids, demonstrating that winged aphids pay higher costs for a less effective immune response. Our results show that polyphenism is an understudied factor influencing the expression of immune costs. More generally, our work shows that in addition to disease resistance, the costs of immunity vary between individuals with different life-history strategies. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how organisms invest optimally in immunity in the light of context-dependent constraints. [Parker, Benjamin J.; Barribeau, Seth M.; Laughton, Alice M.; Griffin, Lynn H.; Gerardo, Nicole M.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, O Wayne Rollins Res Ctr, 1510 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; [Parker, Benjamin J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Barribeau, Seth M.] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England; [Laughton, Alice M.] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England Parker, BJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, O Wayne Rollins Res Ctr, 1510 E Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Parker, BJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. benjamin.j.parker@gmail.com NSF [IOS-1025853, DBI-1306387]; Swiss NSF [31003A-116057]; Emory University's NIH IRACDA FIRST Postdoctoral Program Members of the Gerardo laboratory, J. Brisson, N. Moran and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on drafts of this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grant IOS-1025853 to N.M.G. B.J.P. was supported by a graduate research fellowship and NSF grant DBI-1306387. S.M.B. was supported by the Swiss NSF (# 31003A-116057 to Paul Schmid-Hempel). L.G. was supported by Emory University's NIH IRACDA FIRST Postdoctoral Program. 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We collected all available information on three critical nesting parameters (clutch size, incubation period and nestling period) for the close to 10 000 bird species in the world and identified taxonomic, geographic and habitat gaps in the distribution of knowledge on avian breeding biology. The results show that only one third of all extant species are well known regarding the three nesting parameters analyzed, while the rest are partly or poorly known. Most data deficient taxonomic groups are tropical forest nesters, particularly from the Amazon basin, southeast Asia, Equatorial Africa and Madagascar - the places that harbor the world's highest bird diversity. These knowledge gaps could be hampering our understanding of avian life histories. Ornithologists are encouraged to pay more efforts to explore the breeding biology of those poorly-known species. 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In social insects, the common life history trade-off between fecundity and longevity appears to be reversed, as the most fecund individual, the queen, often exceeds workers in lifespan several fold. But does fecundity directly affect intrinsic mortality also in social insect workers? And what is the effect of task on worker mortality? Here, we studied how social environment and behavioral caste affect intrinsic mortality of ant workers. We compared worker survival between queenless and queenright Temnothorax longispinosus nests and demonstrate that workers survive longer under the queens' absence. Temnothorax ant workers fight over reproduction when the queen is absent and dominant workers lay eggs. Worker fertility might therefore increase lifespan, possibly due to a positive physiological link between fecundity and longevity, or better care for fertile workers. In social insects, division of labor among workers is age-dependant with young workers caring for the brood and old ones going out to forage. We therefore expected nurses to survive longer than foragers, which is what we found. Surprisingly, inactive inside workers showed a lower survival than nurses but comparable to that of foragers. The reduced longevity of inactive workers could be due to them being older than the nurses, or due to a positive effect of activity on lifespan. Overall, our study points to behavioral caste-dependent intrinsic mortality rates and a positive association between fertility and longevity not only in queens but also in ant workers. [Kohlmeier, Philip; Negroni, Matteo Antoine; Kever, Marion; Emmling, Stefanie; Stypa, Heike; Foitzik, Susanne] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Organism & Mol Evolut, Johannes von Muller Weg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; [Feldmeyer, Barbara] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany Kohlmeier, P (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Organism & Mol Evolut, Johannes von Muller Weg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. philip.gueler@gmail.com Feldmeyer, Barbara/E-5067-2015 Feldmeyer, Barbara/0000-0002-0413-7245 GeneRed grand; DFG grants [FO 298/19, FE 1333/6-1]; E.N Huyck preserve We thank the E.N Huyck preserve for research grant, accommodation, and the collection permit. The study was supported by a GeneRed grand to SF and BF as well the DFG grants (FO 298/19) and (FE 1333/6-1). 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So far, studies have mainly focused on interspecies or interpopulation perspectives, and research on the effects of life history differences on individual behaviour remain scarce. In the present study we aimed to contribute to the understanding of how pace of life is related to consistent individual behaviour. We investigated the relationship between developmental speed and consistent behaviour of the field wolf spider, Pardosa agrestis. In this species, individuals originating from the same clutch can typically follow either a slow or a rapid developmental pathway, characterized by a developmental time of about 10 or 3 months, respectively. We found that spiders, regardless of their developmental speed, behaved consistently in most of the tests. Our results also show that individuals developing rapidly were significantly more active during exploration and more successful in prey-catching tests than slowly developing spiders. Although rapidly developing spiders were bolder in one of the tests, this difference did not persist over the repeated measurements. Our work seems to support the notion that pace of life and animal personality are correlated, and pace of life might predict the behavioural types of individuals. (C) 2017 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Radai, Zoltan; Barta, Zoltan] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, MTA DE Lendulet Behav Ecol Res Grp, Debrecen, Hungary; [Kiss, Balazs] Hungarian Acad Sci, Ctr Agr Res, Plant Protect Inst, Budapest, Hungary Radai, Z (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, Behav Ecol Res Grp, Egyet Ter 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. zradai.sci@gmail.com NKIFH [K112527]; [NTP-EFO-P-15] We owe thanks to Eniko Gyuris, Jacint Tokolyi and Orsolya Vincze for their aid in the statistical analyses, Ferenc Samu for his valuable notes regarding the life history of the studied spider species, Szabolcs Adam for his help in collecting the animals, and Zsofia Toth and Ferenc Bathori for their help in handling the spiders in the lab. We are indebted to Veronika Bokony and two anonymous referees for their insights and constructive comments on the manuscript. Our work was partially supported by the scholarship to Z.R. enabling individual development of the National Talent Programme (NTP-EFO-P-15) announced by the Hungarian Human Resources Support Management. Z.B. was supported by an NKIFH grant (K112527). 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Behav. APR 2017 126 145 151 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.02.004 7 Behavioral Sciences; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Zoology ET6LH WOS:000400402700015 2018-11-12 J Ward, HGM; Post, JR; Lester, NP; Askey, PJ; Godin, T Ward, Hillary G. M.; Post, John R.; Lester, Nigel P.; Askey, Paul J.; Godin, Theresa Empirical evidence of plasticity in life-history characteristics across climatic and fish density gradients CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES English Article GROWING DEGREE-DAY; DEPENDENT GROWTH; SOMATIC GROWTH; REACTION NORMS; POPULATIONS; SIZE; STRATEGIES; TRAITS; AGE; EVOLUTION Understanding how environmental productivity and resource competition influence somatic growth rates and plasticity in life-history traits is a critical component of population ecology. However, evolutionary effects often confound the relationship between plasticity in life-history characteristics and environmental productivity. We used a unique set of experimentally stocked populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to empirically test predictions from life-history theory relating to patterns in immature growth rates, age- and size-at-maturity, and the energy allocated into reproduction across climatic and fish density gradients. Our results support theoretical predictions that plasticity in life-history characteristics is a function of environmental variables. In particular, we demonstrate that immature growth rates are best explained by climatic and density-dependent competition effects and that age-at-maturity and the energy allocated to reproduction depends on juvenile growth conditions. Empirical evidence of these relationships helps to improve our understanding of optimal life-history strategies of fish populations. [Ward, Hillary G. M.] Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, 102 Ind Pl, Penticton, BC V2A 8X9, Canada; [Post, John R.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; [Lester, Nigel P.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Aquat Res & Monitoring Sect, 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Askey, Paul J.; Godin, Theresa] Univ British Columbia, Res Evaluat & Dev Sect, Freshwater Fisheries Soc BC, 315-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Ward, HGM (reprint author), Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, 102 Ind Pl, Penticton, BC V2A 8X9, Canada. Hillary.Ward@gov.bc.ca Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Freshwater Fisheries Society of BC (FFSBC); Industrial NSERC Post-Graduate Scholarship This study was funded by Discovery and Collaborative Research and Development Grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Freshwater Fisheries Society of BC (FFSBC) to John R. Post. We recognize the Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation (HCTF) and anglers, hunters, trappers, and guides who contribute to the Trust for making a significant financial contribution to support this project. Hillary Ward was supported by an Industrial NSERC Post-Graduate Scholarship. We thank the staff of FFSBC and the BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations for the outstanding support they have provided for this project. This research was granted ethical approval by the Conjoint Faculties Research Ethics Board (Certification 6546) and approved by the Canadian Council on Animal Care (Protocol BI08R-21) at the University of Calgary. Field support was provided by Ron Bowron, Ariane Cantin, Kyera Cook, Jessica Courtier, Travis Desy, Jon Fearns, Eric Newton, Michelle Phillips, and Amanda Schmidt. Askey PJ, 2007, FISH RES, V83, P162, DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.09.009; Askey PJ, 2013, N AM J FISH MANAGE, V33, P557, DOI 10.1080/02755947.2013.785996; Beverton R. J. 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APR 2017 74 4 464 474 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0023 11 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology ER5JB WOS:000398836600005 2018-11-12 J Bonte, D; Dahirel, M Bonte, Dries; Dahirel, Maxime Dispersal: a central and independent trait in life history OIKOS English Article ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; CONDITION-DEPENDENT DISPERSAL; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; COLONIZATION TRADE-OFF; LOCAL ADAPTATION; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; POPULATION-LEVEL; RANGE EXPANSION; SEED DISPERSAL The study of tradeoffs among major life history components (age at maturity, lifespan and reproduction) allowed the development of a quantitative framework to understand how environmental variation shapes patterns of biodiversity among and within species. Because every environment is inherently spatially structured, and in most cases temporally variable, individuals need to move within and among habitats to maximize fitness. Dispersal is often assumed to be tightly integrated into life histories through genetic correlations with other vital traits. This assumption is particularly strong within the context of a fast-slow continuum of life-history variation. Such a framework is to date used to explain many aspects of population and community dynamics. Evidence for a consistent and context-independent integration of dispersal in life histories is, however, weak. We therefore advocate the explicit integration of dispersal into life history theory as a principal axis of variation influencing fitness, that is free to evolve, independently of other life history traits. We synthesize theoretical and empirical evidence on the central role of dispersal and its evolutionary dynamics on the spatial distribution of ecological strategies and its impact on population spread, invasions and coexistence. By applying an optimality framework we show that the inclusion of dispersal as an independent dimension of life histories might substantially change our view on evolutionary trajectories in spatially structured environments. Because changes in the spatial configuration of habitats affect the costs of movement and dispersal, adaptations to reduce these costs will increase phenotypic divergence among and within populations. We outline how this phenotypic heterogeneity is anticipated to further impact population and community dynamics. [Bonte, Dries; Dahirel, Maxime] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, KL Ledeganckstr 35, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [Dahirel, Maxime] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR Ecobio 6553, Rennes, France Bonte, D (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, KL Ledeganckstr 35, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. dries.bonte@ugent.be Bonte, Dries/0000-0002-3320-7505; Dahirel, Maxime/0000-0001-8077-7765 Fyssen Foundation; FWO research network EVENET; Belspo IAP 'SPEEDY'; Nordic Oikos Society MD is a post-doctoral fellow funded by the Fyssen Foundation. DB acknowledges FWO research network EVENET and Belspo IAP 'SPEEDY' for funding and is grateful to the Nordic Oikos Society for the support to organise the thematic symposium. 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This results in the fundamental trade-off between reproduction and life span known from numerous animals, including humans. Social insects are a well-known exception to this rule: reproductive queens outlive nonreproductive workers. Here, we take a step forward and show that under identical social and environmental conditions the fecundity-longevity trade-off is absent also within the queen caste. A change in reproduction did not alter life expectancy, and even a strong enforced increase in reproductive efforts did not reduce residual life span. Generally, egg-laying rate and life span were positively correlated. Queens of perennial social insects thus seem to maximize at the same time two fitness parameters that are normally negatively correlated. Even though they are not immortal, they best approach a hypothetical Darwinian demon in the animal kingdom. [Schrempf, Alexandra; Giehr, Julia; Roehrl, Ramona; Steigleder, Sarah; Heinze, Juergen] Univ Regensburg, Zool Evolutionary Biol, Regensburg, Germany Schrempf, A (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Zool Evolutionary Biol, Regensburg, Germany. alexandra.schrempf@biologie.uni-regensburg.de Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR 2281, Schr 1135/5-1] We thank anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 2281, Schr 1135/5-1). 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Nat. APR 2017 189 4 436 442 10.1086/691000 7 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology ER3GX WOS:000398685600010 28350504 2018-11-12 J Griesser, M; Wagner, GF; Drobniak, SM; Ekman, J Griesser, M.; Wagner, G. F.; Drobniak, S. M.; Ekman, J. Reproductive trade-offs in a long-lived bird species: condition-dependent reproductive allocation maintains female survival and offspring quality JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article Brucella abortus; intergenerational costs; intermittent breeding; intragenerational costs; life history; prebreeding condition; reproductive costs SIBERIAN JAY; EGG SIZE; DELAYED DISPERSAL; PREDATION RISK; NEST PREDATION; CLUTCH SIZE; FITNESS; COSTS; POPULATION; EVOLUTION Life history theory is an essential framework to understand the evolution of reproductive allocation. It predicts that individuals of long-lived species favour their own survival over current reproduction, leading individuals to refrain from reproducing under harsh conditions. Here we test this prediction in a long-lived bird species, the Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus. Long-term data revealed that females rarely refrain from breeding, but lay smaller clutches in unfavourable years. Neither offspring body size, female survival nor offspring survival until the next year was influenced by annual condition, habitat quality, clutch size, female age or female phenotype. Given that many nests failed due to nest predation, the variance in the number of fledglings was higher than the variance in the number of eggs and female survival. An experimental challenge with a novel pathogen before egg laying largely replicated these patterns in two consecutive years with contrasting conditions. Challenged females refrained from breeding only in the unfavourable year, but no downstream effects were found in either year. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that condition-dependent reproductive allocation may serve to maintain female survival and offspring quality, supporting patterns found in long-lived mammals. We discuss avenues to develop life history theory concerning strategies to offset reproductive costs. [Griesser, M.; Wagner, G. F.; Drobniak, S. M.] Univ Zurich, Dept Anthropol, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Griesser, M.; Wagner, G. F.] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Bern, Switzerland; [Griesser, M.; Drobniak, S. M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Krakow, Poland; [Ekman, J.] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet Populat Biol & Conservat Biol, Uppsala, Sweden Griesser, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Anthropol, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. michael.griesser@uzh.ch Griesser, Michael/J-4542-2012; Drobniak, Szymon/K-4954-2015 Griesser, Michael/0000-0002-2220-2637; Drobniak, Szymon/0000-0001-8101-6247 Swiss National Science Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Science Centre, Poland through the European Union [665778] We are grateful to Rado Kozma, Katharine Bowgen, Nicole Schneider, Jonathan Barnaby, Franzi Kurz, Chloe Swart, Jan Hildebrand and Enrico Sorato for help in the field, and three anonymous reviewers, Joanna Sendecka, Simone Webber and Carel van Schaik for helpful comments on the manuscripts. 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APR 2017 30 4 782 795 10.1111/jeb.13046 14 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity ER3FW WOS:000398682700010 28135017 2018-11-12 J Macke, E; Tasiemski, A; Massol, F; Callens, M; Decaestecker, E Macke, Emilie; Tasiemski, Aurelie; Massol, Francois; Callens, Martijn; Decaestecker, Ellen Life history and eco-evolutionary dynamics in light of the gut microbiota OIKOS English Article SEGMENTED FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY INDEXES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; COMMENSAL BACTERIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BALANCING SELECTION The recent emergence of powerful genomic tools, such as high-throughput genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics, combined with the study of gnotobiotic animals, have revealed overwhelming impacts of gut microbiota on the host phenotype. In addition to provide their host with metabolic functions that are not encoded in its own genome, evidence is accumulating that gut symbionts affect host traits previously thought to be solely under host genetic control, such as development and behavior. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics studies further revealed that gut microbial communities can rapidly respond to changes in host diet or environmental conditions through changes in their structural and functional profiles, thus representing an important source of metabolic flexibility and phenotypic plasticity for the host. Hence, gut microbes appear to be an important factor affecting host ecology and evolution which is, however, not accounted for in life-history theory, or in classic population genetics, ecological and eco-evolutionary models. In this forum, we shed new light on life history and eco-evolutionary dynamics by viewing these processes through the lens of host-microbiota interactions. We follow a three-level approach. First, current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in host physiology and behavior points out that gut symbionts can be a crucial medium of life-history strategies. Second, the particularity of the microbiota is based on its multilayered structure, composed of both a core microbiota, under host genetic and immune control, and a flexible pool of microbes modulated by the environment, which differ in constraints on their maintenance and in their contribution to host adaptation. Finally, gut symbionts can drive the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of their host through effects on individual, population, community and ecosystem levels. In conclusion, we highlight some future perspectives for integrative studies to test hypotheses on life history and eco-evolutionary dynamics in light of the gut microbiota. 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We investigate whether such correlations across apparently distinct behavioral traits may be explained by variation in life history strategy among individual ant colonies. Life history theory predicts that the way in which individuals allocate energy towards somatic maintenance or reproduction drives several distinct traits in physiology, morphology, and energy use; it also predicts that an individual's willingness to engage in risky behaviors should depend on reproductive strategy. We use Temnothorax ants, which have been shown to exhibit 'personalities' and a syndrome that may reflect risk tolerance at the colony level. We measure colonies' relative investment in growth rate (new workers produced) compared to reproductive effort (males and queens produced). Comparing sterile worker production to reproductive alate production provides a direct measure of how colonies are investing their energy, analogous to investment in growth versus reproduction in a unitary organism. Consistently with this idea, we found that behavioral type of ant colonies was associated with their life history strategy: risk-tolerant colonies grew faster and invested more in reproduction, whereas risk-averse colonies had lower growth rate but invested relatively more in workers. This provides evidence that behavioral syndromes can be a consequence of life-history strategy variation, linking the two fields and supporting the use of an integrative approach. [Bengston, Sarah E.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, POB 270211, Rochester, NY 14627 USA; [Shin, Min] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Comp Sci, Charlotte, NC USA; [Dornhaus, Anna] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA Bengston, SE (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, POB 270211, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. sbengsto@gmail.com NSF [IOS-1045239, IOS-0841756, DEB-1262292] We thank the NSF for funding (grants no. IOS-1045239, IOS-0841756 and DEB-1262292). 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The present study proposes that environment cues indicating a low likelihood of future success may lead to greater procrastination, and temporal orientation may represent a mediator underlying this relationship between likelihood of future success and procrastination. A total of 252 undergraduate students completed the Probability Judgments Scale to assess likelihood of future success in their environments, the Future Orientation Scale to assess future orientation, and three scales to assess procrastination. Structural equation modeling indicated that, as predicted, lower likelihood of future success in the environments predicted greater procrastination, a relationship that exhibited both a direct pathway and an indirect pathway through future orientation. These results define the life history origin of procrastination. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Chen, Bin-Bin] Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China; [Kruger, Daniel] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Chen, BB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. chenbinbin@fudan.edu.cn National Natural Science Foundation of China [31500901]; School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500901) and a research fund of the School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University to the first author. 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An alternative view of the immune system inspired by life history theory posits that a strong response should evolve in other components of the immune system if there is little variation in the MHC. In contrast to the leopard (Panthera pardus), the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has a relatively low genetic variability at the MHC, yet free-ranging cheetahs are healthy. By comparing the functional competence of the humoral immune system of both species in sympatric populations in Namibia, we demonstrate that cheetahs have a higher constitutive innate but lower induced innate and adaptive immunity than leopards. We conclude (1) immunocompetence of cheetahs is higher than previously thought; (2) studying both innate and adaptive components of immune systems will enrich conservation science. [Heinrich, Sonja K.; Hofer, Heribert; Melzheimer, Joerg; Wachter, Bettina] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Evolut Biol, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; [Courtiol, Alexandre] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Evolut Genet, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; [Dehnhard, Martin] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Reprod Biol, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; [Czirjak, Gabor A.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Wildlife Dis, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany Wachter, B (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Evolut Biol, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany.; Czirjak, GA (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Wildlife Dis, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. czirjak@izw-berlin.de; wachter@izw-berlin.de Czirjak, Gabor/F-5440-2011 Courtiol, Alexandre/0000-0003-0637-2959 Ministry of Environment and Tourism in Namibia for permission to conduct this study; Namibian farmers for their collaboration and help; Susanne Thalwitzer; Johann Lonzer; Vera Menges; Ruben Portas and Bernd Wasiolka for their help in the field; Institute of Poultry Diseases at the Freie Universitat Berlin for providing the chicken blood; Katja Pohle; Marlies Rohleder and Katharina Sperling for laboratorial assistance; Karin Schneeberger for commenting on an earlier version of the manuscript; Messerli Foundation, Switzerland; Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin (IZW); German Research Foundation (DFG) [GRK2046] We thank the Ministry of Environment and Tourism in Namibia for permission to conduct this study, the Namibian farmers for their collaboration and help, Susanne Thalwitzer, Johann Lonzer, Vera Menges, Ruben Portas and Bernd Wasiolka for their help in the field, the Institute of Poultry Diseases at the Freie Universitat Berlin for providing the chicken blood, Katja Pohle, Marlies Rohleder and Katharina Sperling for laboratorial assistance, Karin Schneeberger for commenting on an earlier version of the manuscript, all field assistants for their help during the field work, the Messerli Foundation, Switzerland, and the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin (IZW) for the main funding and the GRK2046 from the German Research Foundation (DFG) for additional support and stimulating discussions that substantially improved the manuscript. 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This clarification questions the frequent use of season-independent (general) fecundity formulas in marine fish recruitment studies based on body metrics only. Here we test the underlying assumption of no lag effect on gametogenesis in the planktivorous, determinate-fecundity Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) displaying large plasticity in egg mass and fecundity, examining Norwegian summer-autumn spawning herring (NASH), North Sea autumn-spawning herring (NSAH), and Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH). No prior reproductive information existed for NASH. Compared with the 1960s, recent reproductive investment had dropped markedly, especially for NSAH, likely reflecting long-term changes in zooplankton biography and productivity. As egg mass was characteristically small for autumn spawners, although large for spring spawners (cf. different larval feeding conditions), fecundity was the most dynamic factor within reproductive investment. For the data-rich NSSH, we showed evidence that transient, major declines in zooplankton abundance resulted in low fecundity over several subsequent seasons, even if Fulton's condition factor (K) turned high. Temporal trends in Kslope (K on total length) were, however, informative. These results clarify that fecundity is defined by (i) dynamics of primary (standing stock) oocytes and (ii) down-regulation of secondary oocytes, both processes intimately linked to environmental conditions but operating at different timescales. Thus, general fecundity formulas typically understate interannual variability in actual fecundity. We therefore argue for the use of segmented fecundity formulas linked to dedicated monitoring programs. [Schmidt, Thassya C. dos Santos; Slotte, Aril; Sundby, Svein; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Schmidt, Thassya C. dos Santos; Johannessen, Arne] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Kennedy, James; Oskarsson, Gudmundur J.] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland; [Kennedy, James] Biopol, IS-545 Skagastrond, Iceland; [Kurita, Yutaka] Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan; [Stenseth, Nils C.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; [Stenseth, Nils C.] Inst Marine Res, N-4817 His, Norway; [Stenseth, Nils C.] Univ Agder, Ctr Coastal Res, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway Kjesbu, OS (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.; Stenseth, NC (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.; Stenseth, NC (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, N-4817 His, Norway.; Stenseth, NC (reprint author), Univ Agder, Ctr Coastal Res, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway. n.c.stenseth@ibv.uio.no; olav.kjesbu@imr.no dos Santos Schmidt, Thassya/K-1805-2017; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd/M-3551-2015 dos Santos Schmidt, Thassya/0000-0002-6803-7681; Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development [240467/2012-4]; IMR [14861] We thank researchers Dr. A. 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MAR 7 2017 114 10 2634 2639 10.1073/pnas.1700349114 6 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics EM7SA WOS:000395511400074 28223491 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Ergon, T; Ergon, R Ergon, T.; Ergon, R. When three traits make a line: evolution of phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation through linear reaction norms in stochastic environments JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article climate effects; constraints; cue perception and reliability; environmental change; genetic covariance; correlation; life history theory; optimality models; unceriatin; imperfect cues; value of information MICROTUS-MONTANUS; SELECTION; POPULATION; RESPONSES; REPRODUCTION; HETEROGENEITY; CANALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; ADAPTATIONS Genetic assimilation emerges from selection on phenotypic plasticity. Yet, commonly used quantitative genetics models of linear reaction norms considering intercept and slope as traits do not mimic the full process of genetic assimilation. We argue that intercept-slope reaction norm models are insufficient representations of genetic effects on linear reaction norms and that considering reaction norm intercept as a trait is unfortunate because the definition of this trait relates to a specific environmental value (zero) and confounds genetic effects on reaction norm elevation with genetic effects on environmental perception. Instead, we suggest a model with three traits representing genetic effects that, respectively, (i) are independent of the environment, (ii) alter the sensitivity of the phenotype to the environment and (iii) determine how the organism perceives the environment. The model predicts that, given sufficient additive genetic variation in environmental perception, the environmental value at which reaction norms tend to cross will respond rapidly to selection after an abrupt environmental change, and eventually becomes equal to the new mean environment. This readjustment of the zone of canalization becomes completed without changes in genetic correlations, genetic drift or imposing any fitness costs of maintaining plasticity. The asymptotic evolutionary outcome of this three-trait linear reaction norm generally entails a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity than the two-trait model, and maximum expected fitness does not occur at the mean trait values in the population. 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Evol. Biol. MAR 2017 30 3 486 500 10.1111/jeb.13003 15 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity EM9TH WOS:000395653500004 27862551 2018-11-12 J Woestmann, L; Kvist, J; Saastamoinen, M Woestmann, L.; Kvist, J.; Saastamoinen, M. Fight or flight? - Flight increases immune gene expression but does not help to fight an infection JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article gene expression; immune response; insect flight; Melitaea cinxia APOLIPOPHORIN-III; NODULE FORMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; BOMBYX-MORI; ACTIVATION; OCTOPAMINE; DROSOPHILA; DISPERSAL; MIGRATION; DEFENSE Flight represents a key trait in most insects, being energetically extremely demanding, yet often necessary for foraging and reproduction. Additionally, dispersal via flight is especially important for species living in fragmented landscapes. Even though, based on life-history theory, a negative relationship may be expected between flight and immunity, a number of previous studies have indicated flight to induce an increased immune response. In this study, we assessed whether induced immunity (i.e. immune gene expression) in response to 15-min forced flight treatment impacts individual survival of bacterial infection in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). We were able to confirm previous findings of flight-induced immune gene expression, but still observed substantially stronger effects on both gene expression levels and life span due to bacterial infection compared to flight treatment. Even though gene expression levels of some immunity-related genes were elevated due to flight, these individuals did not show increased survival of bacterial infection, indicating that flight-induced immune activation does not completely protect them from the negative effects of bacterial infection. Finally, an interaction between flight and immune treatment indicated a potential trade-off: flight treatment increased immune gene expression in naive individuals only, whereas in infected individuals no increase in immune gene expression was induced by flight. Our results suggest that the up-regulation of immune genes upon flight is based on a general stress response rather than reflecting an adaptive response to cope with potential infections during flight or in new habitats. [Woestmann, L.; Saastamoinen, M.] Univ Helsinki, Metapopulat Res Ctr, POB 65,Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Kvist, J.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, Helsinki, Finland Woestmann, L (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Metapopulat Res Ctr, POB 65,Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. luisa.woestmann@helsinki.fi Kvist, Jouni/0000-0002-4089-8877; Woestmann, Luisa/0000-0002-0458-3886; Saastamoinen, Marjo/0000-0001-7009-2527 European Research Council (Independent Starting grant META-STRESS) [637412]; Academy of Finland [273098, 265641] This study was funded by grants from the European Research Council (Independent Starting grant META-STRESS; 637412) and the Academy of Finland (Decision numbers 273098 and 265641) to MS. 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MAR 2017 30 3 501 511 10.1111/jeb.13007 11 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity EM9TH WOS:000395653500005 27864861 Other Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Muris, P; Merckelbach, H; Otgaar, H; Meijer, E Muris, Peter; Merckelbach, Harald; Otgaar, Henry; Meijer, Ewout The Malevolent Side of Human Nature: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review of the Literature on the Dark Triad (Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy) PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE English Review Dark triad; narcissism; Machiavellianism; psychopathy; review; meta-analysis TERM MATING STRATEGY; DIRTY DOZEN MEASURE; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SELF-REPORT; INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES The term dark triad refers to the constellation of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Over the past few years, the concept has gained momentum, with many researchers assuming that the dark triad is a prominent antecedent of transgressive and norm-violating behavior. Our purpose in this meta-analytic review was to evaluate (a) interrelations among narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy; (b) gender differences in these traits; (c) how these traits are linked to normal personality factors; and (d) the psychosocial correlates of the dark triad. Our findings show that dark triad traits are substantially intercorrelated, somewhat more prevalent among men than women, predominantly related to the Big Five personality factor of agreeableness and the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility, and generally associated with various types of negative psychosocial outcomes. We question whether dark triad traits are sufficiently distinct and argue that the way they are currently measured is too simple to capture the malevolent sides of personality. Because most research in this domain is cross-sectional and based on self-reports, we recommend using a cross-informant approach and prospective, longitudinal research designs for studying the predictive value of dark triad features. 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T.; Schilling, L.; Silkaitis, K.; Dowling, D. K.; Lemos, B. Reproductive activity triggers accelerated male mortality and decreases lifespan: genetic and gene expression determinants in Drosophila HEREDITY English Article SYNTHETIC POPULATION RESOURCE; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOTYPE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; SEXUAL CONFLICT; MELANOGASTER; LONGEVITY; EXTENDS; MODELS; CONSEQUENCES Reproduction and aging evolved to be intimately associated. Experimental selection for early-life reproduction drives the evolution of decreased longevity in Drosophila whereas experimental selection for increased longevity leads to changes in reproduction. Although life history theory offers hypotheses to explain these relationships, the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms underlying reproduction-longevity associations remain a matter of debate. Here we show that mating triggers accelerated mortality in males and identify hundreds of genes that are modulated upon mating in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Interrogation of genome-wide gene expression in virgin and recently mated males revealed coherent responses, with biological processes that are upregulated (testis-specific gene expression) or downregulated (metabolism and mitochondria-related functions) upon mating. Furthermore, using a panel of genotypes from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) as a source of naturally occurring genetic perturbation, we uncover abundant variation in longevity and reproduction-induced mortality among genotypes. Genotypes displayed more than fourfold variation in longevity and reproduction-induced mortality that can be traced to variation in specific segments of the genome. The data reveal individual variation in sensitivity to reproduction and physiological processes that are enhanced and suppressed upon mating. These results raise the prospect that variation in longevity and age-related traits could be traced to processes that coordinate germline and somatic function. [Branco, A. T.; Schilling, L.; Silkaitis, K.; Lemos, B.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Mol & Integrat Physiol Sci Program, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2,Room 219, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Dowling, D. K.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia Lemos, B (reprint author), Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Mol & Integrat Physiol Sci Program, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2,Room 219, Boston, MA 02115 USA. blemos@hsph.harvard.edu Branco, Alan/D-7991-2013 Branco, Alan/0000-0002-1641-4254; Dowling, Damian/0000-0003-2209-3458; Silkaitis, Katherine/0000-0003-4407-096X Ellison Foundation New Scholar in Aging Award We thank members of the Lemos laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript, Stuart Macdonald for kindly sharing strains, and four anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and helpful insights. This project was partly supported by an Ellison Foundation New Scholar in Aging Award. 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Cutting corners at work: An individual differences perspective PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Personality; Cutting-corners; Organizational psychology; Sex differences LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DARK TRIAD TRAITS; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; JOB-SATISFACTION; 5-FACTOR MODEL; HEXACO MODEL; SELF-ESTEEM; METAANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; MAVERICKISM Across two studies, we investigated individual differences in the tendency to cut corners at work, and assessed whether a range of personality traits predict this behavior. In two independent samples of Australians (N = 533) and Americans (N = 589), we examined individual differences in cutting corners at work and tested sex differences and the surrounding nomological network of cutting corners. Collectively, we found that men were more likely than women were to cut corners at work, which was fully a function of individual differences in psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and conscientious. 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J. Epidemiol. FEB 2017 46 1 233 234 10.1093/ije/dyw369 2 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Public, Environmental & Occupational Health EW7VB WOS:000402724100033 28204520 Bronze, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Perkin, JS; Knorp, NE; Boersig, TC; Gebhard, AE; Hix, LA; Johnson, TC Perkin, Joshuah S.; Knorp, Natalie E.; Boersig, Thomas C.; Gebhard, Amy E.; Hix, Lucas A.; Johnson, Thomas C. Life history theory predicts long-term fish assemblage response to stream impoundment CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES English Article ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; POPULATION REGULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; AMERICAN FISHES; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION Life history theory predictions for hydrologic filtering of fish assemblages are rarely tested with historical time series data. We retrospectively analyzed flow regime and fish assemblage data from the Sabine River, USA, to test relationships between life history strategies and hydrologic variability altered by impoundment construction. Downstream flow variability, but not magnitude, was altered by completion of Toledo Bend Reservoir (TBR) in 1966. Consistent with life history theory, occurrence of opportunistic strategists declined while equilibrium strategists increased as the fish assemblage was transformed between periods immediately after (1967-1973) and approximately one decade after (1979-1982) completion of TBR. Assemblage transformation was related to decline of opportunistic strategists throughout 250 km of river downstream of TBR. Temporal trajectories for opportunistic and intermediate strategist richness modelled as a function of flow variability converged 12 years postimpoundment. The spatiotemporal scaling of our study is novel among tests of life history theory, and results suggest impoundment-induced alteration to natural hydrologic filtering of fish assemblages can operate on the scale of hundreds of stream kilometres and manifest within approximately one decade. [Perkin, Joshuah S.; Boersig, Thomas C.; Gebhard, Amy E.; Hix, Lucas A.; Johnson, Thomas C.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, 1100 N Dixie Ave, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA; [Knorp, Natalie E.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Sch Environm Studies, 200 W 10th St, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA Perkin, JS (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, 1100 N Dixie Ave, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. jperkin@tntech.edu Department of Biology at Tennessee Technological University [BIOL 6980] This study was conducted as a portion of an Ecological Ordination (BIOL 6980) class project in the Department of Biology at Tennessee Technological University. We thank the staff at the Tulane Museum of Natural History and the late Royal Suttkus for making fish collections available for our use. Meryl Mims and Julian Olden provided trait data, and Noelle Rizzardi, Victoria Kaufman, Kit Wheeler, Keith Gido and the Fish Ecology Lab, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism on the manuscript. 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F., 2014, BEGINNERS GUIDE GENE; Zuur A.F., 2007, ANAL ECOLOGICAL DATA 68 3 3 1 12 CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS OTTAWA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA 0706-652X 1205-7533 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. FEB 2017 74 2 228 239 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0593 12 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology EM6JW WOS:000395419700010 2018-11-12 J Ancona, S; Drummond, H; Rodriguez, C; Zuniga-Vega, JJ Ancona, Sergio; Drummond, Hugh; Rodriguez, Cristina; Zuniga-Vega, J. Jaime Long-term population dynamics reveal that survival and recruitment of tropical boobies improve after a hurricane JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY English Article BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; LARGE HERBIVORES; ADULT SURVIVAL; MARK-RECAPTURE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NATAL DISPERSAL; SEX-DIFFERENCES Variability in population numbers is a central issue in evolutionary ecology and also in biodiversity conservation. However, for most seabirds this information is lacking and tropical populations are virtually unstudied. Long-term studies are warranted because world's seabird populations exhibit an overall declining trend since 1950. Using data spanning 23 yr, we investigated how adult survival, local recruitment, and their relative contributions to population growth () vary over time in the blue-footed booby Sula nebouxii, a long-lived locally foraging seabird that breeds in tropical waters. In addition, we investigated whether booby demographic rates exhibit the same declining trend observed in other seabirds, whether these rates are impacted by hurricanes, and whether these potential impacts differ between sexes. Our analysis of 4608 capture-recapture histories revealed that survival and recruitment were nearly equal between males and females, exhibited a declining trend over the last 23 yr, and in both sexes, these vital rates improved after a hurricane. The declining trend in recruitment was slightly more attenuated in males. These results add to the current evidence for an overall declining trend in world's seabird populations and extend its confirmation to the warm eastern tropical Pacific. Moreover, they provide the first evidence that hurricanes may favor natural populations. As a result of the declining trend and variation in survival and recruitment, exhibited a slight decline and substantial variation over the 23 yr. However, most values were equal to or higher than 1, and the long-term average indicates population increase. The ability of blue-footed boobies to maintain a positive population balance despite of negative trends in their vital rates might result from canalization of adult survival (the vital rate that contributes most to and shows lower variation compared to recruitment) against environmental variability. [Ancona, Sergio; Zuniga-Vega, J. Jaime] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; [Drummond, Hugh; Rodriguez, Cristina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Evolut, Mexico City, Mexico Ancona, S (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. sancona@ecologia.unam.mx Ancona, Sergio/0000-0003-4595-1953 Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [81823, 47599, 34500-V, 4722-N9407, D112-903581, PCCNCNA-031528, 31973H, 104313]; National Geographic Society; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-UNAM We are especially grateful to J.L. Osorno, R. Torres and numerous volunteers for their valuable help in the field and on the database. We thank D. Oro and J. Champagnon for comments on drafts. The Secretaria de Marina, Armada de Mexico and the staff of the Parque Nacional Isla Isabel provided logistical support, and the Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales and the Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas provided logistical support and authorized our work on Isla Isabel. Fishermen of Nayarit provided logistical support and friendship. G. Madrid (APPIO/MICH) provided technical support for data processing. Essential funds were provided by Univ. 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While 'fast' strategies allow for rapid increase in population size and limit vulnerability to stochastic events, 'slow' strategies and bet-hedging may reduce variance in vital rates in response to stochasticity. We test these predictions using biological invasions since founder alien populations start small, compiling the largest dataset yet of global herpetological introductions and life history traits. Using state-of-the-art phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that successful invaders have fast traits, such as large and frequent clutches, at both establishment and spread stages. These results, together with recent findings in mammals and plants, support 'fast advantage' models and the importance of high potential population growth rate. Conversely, successful alien birds are bet-hedgers. We propose that transient population dynamics and differences in longevity and behavioural flexibility can help reconcile apparently contrasting results across terrestrial vertebrate classes. [Allen, William L.; Street, Sally E.; Capellini, Isabella] Univ Hull, Sch Environm Sci, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England; [Allen, William L.] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales Allen, WL; Capellini, I (reprint author), Univ Hull, Sch Environm Sci, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England.; Allen, WL (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. w.l.allen@swansea.ac.uk; i.capellini@hull.ac.uk Capellini, Isabella/0000-0001-8065-2436; Allen, William/0000-0003-2654-0438 NERC [NE/K013777/1]; University of Hull; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K013777/1] We thank David Iles, Roberto Salguero-Gomez and three anonymous referees for valuable comments on the manuscript. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. This work is financially supported by NERC (grant no. NE/K013777/1 to IC). Open access fees were paid by the University of Hull. 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Lett. FEB 2017 20 2 222 230 10.1111/ele.12728 9 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology EM2VG WOS:000395173300011 28052550 Other Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Hartmann, SA; Oppel, S; Segelbacher, G; Juina, ME; Schaefer, HM Hartmann, Stefanie A.; Oppel, Steffen; Segelbacher, Gernot; Juina, Mery E.; Martin Schaefer, H. Decline in territory size and fecundity as a response to carrying capacity in an endangered songbird OECOLOGIA English Article Carrying capacity; Cowbird parasitism; Density-dependence; Integrated population model; Population regulation HEADED BRUSH-FINCH; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; ATLAPETES-PALLIDICEPS; POPULATION REGULATION; BROOD SIZE; REINTRODUCED POPULATION; SURVIVAL RATES; RELATIVE ROLES; TROPICAL BIRD; BOTTOM-UP Density-dependent processes are fundamental mechanisms for the regulation of populations. Ecological theories differ in their predictions on whether increasing population density leads to individual adjustments of survival and reproductive output or to dominance and monopolization of resources. Here, we use a natural experiment to examine which factors limit population growth in the only remaining population of the endangered pale-headed brush finch (Atlapetes pallidiceps). For three distinct phases (a phase of population suppression, 2001-2002; expansion due to conservation management, 2003-2008; and equilibrium phase, 2009-2014), we estimated demographic parameters with an integrated population model using population size, the proportion of successfully breeding pairs and their productivity, territory size, and mark-recapture data of adult birds. A low proportion of successful breeders due to brood parasitism (0.42, 95% credible interval 0.26-0.59) limited population growth before 2003; subsequent culling of the brood parasite resulted in a two-fold increase of the proportion of successful breeders during the 'expansion phase'. When the population approached the carrying capacity of its habitat, territory size declined by more than 50% and fecundity declined from 1.9 (1.54-2.27) to 1.3 (1.12-1.53) chicks per breeding pair, but the proportion of successful breeders remained constant (expansion phase: 0.85; 0.76-0.93; equilibrium phase: 0.86; 0.79-0.92). This study demonstrates that limiting resources can lead to individual adjustments instead of despotic behavior, and the individual reduction of reproductive output at high population densities is consistent with the slow life-history of many tropical species. [Hartmann, Stefanie A.; Segelbacher, Gernot] Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Wildlife Ecol & Management, Tennenbacher Str 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; [Oppel, Steffen] Royal Soc Protect Birds, RSPB Ctr Conservat Sci, David Attenborough Bldg,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England; [Juina, Mery E.] Yanayacu Biol Stn, Cosanga, Ecuador; [Martin Schaefer, H.] Fdn Jocotoco, Lizardo Garcia E9-104 & Andres Xaura, Quito, Ecuador Hartmann, SA (reprint author), Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Wildlife Ecol & Management, Tennenbacher Str 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. stefanie.hartmann.wildlife@gmail.com Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft (DO-G); Eva-Mayr-STIHL-Stiftung; Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Freiburg; Muller-Fahnenberg-Stiftung; Swedens Club 300 Bird Protection We thank the Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft (DO-G), the Eva-Mayr-STIHL-Stiftung, the Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Freiburg, Muller-Fahnenberg-Stiftung, and the Swedens Club 300 Bird Protection for financial support. 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Life history trade-offs, the intensity of competition, and coexistence in novel and evolving communities under climate change PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article range shifts; no-analogue communities; global warming; trophic interactions and competition; community assembly; ecological niche PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; REACTION NORM; BIODIVERSITY; ADAPTATION; TIME; ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION The consequences of climate change for local biodiversity are little understood in process or mechanism, but these changes are likely to reflect both changing regional species pools and changing competitive interactions. Previous empirical work largely supports the idea that competition will intensify under climate change, promoting competitive exclusions and local extinctions, while theory and conceptual work indicate that relaxed competition may in fact buffer communities from biodiversity losses that are typically witnessed at broader spatial scales. In this review, we apply life history theory to understand the conditions under which these alternative scenarios may play out in the context of a range-shifting biota undergoing rapid evolutionary and environmental change, and at both leading-edge and trailing-edge communities. We conclude that, in general, warming temperatures are likely to reduce life history variation among competitors, intensifying competition in both established and novel communities. However, longer growing seasons, severe environmental stress and increased climatic variability associated with climate change may buffer these communities against intensified competition. The role of life history plasticity and evolution has been previously underappreciated in community ecology, but may hold the key to understanding changing species interactions and local biodiversity under changing climates. This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'. [Lancaster, Lesley T.; Morrison, Gavin; Fitt, Robert N.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland Lancaster, LT (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. lesleylancaster@abdn.ac.uk University of Aberdeen School of Biological Sciences; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) University of Aberdeen School of Biological Sciences provided funds to support this study in the form of a MSc project allowance to G.M. and a start-up grant to L.T.L. R.N.F.'s salary is funded by a UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) PhD-ship awarded to the University of Aberdeen. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. JAN 19 2017 372 1712 20160046 10.1098/rstb.2016.0046 10 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics EF4SE WOS:000390321500018 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Chen, BB Chen, Bin-Bin Insecure attachment, resource control, and unrestricted sociosexuality: From a life history perspective PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Life history theory; Attachment; Resource control; Sociosexuality EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; CHILDHOOD; ADOLESCENCE; AGGRESSION; MOTHER; MODEL; SEX We tested a proposition central to the life history model of attachment that the insecure attachment might be related to resource control strategies in adulthood. We conducted a structural equation modeling analysis based on a sample of 177 undergraduates. Participants were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires to measure their avoidant and anxious attachment, coercive and prosocial resource control, and unrestricted sociosexuality. Results indicated that avoidant attachment was positively related to coercive resource control, and anxious attachment was positively related to prosocial resource control. In addition, coercive resource control was positively related to unrestricted sociosexuality, whereas prosocial resource control was not significantly related to unrestricted sociosexuality. Implications for-insecure attachment and resource control are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Chen, Bin-Bin] Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China Chen, BB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. chenbinbin@fudan.edu.cn National Natural Science Foundation of China [31500901]; School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500901) and the research fund of the School of Social Development and Public Policy at Fudan University. 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Agent-based modelling, molluscan population dynamics, and archaeomalacology QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL English Article Agent-based modelling; Marine mollusc resilience; Life history traits; Prey spatial structure; Foraging dynamics; Pacific Islands BLUE MUD BAY; BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; LIFE-HISTORY; GIANT CLAM; BEHAVIORAL DEPRESSION; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; CALIFORNIA COAST; TRIDACNA-MAXIMA Agent-based modelling (ABM) is an emerging archaeological tool that offers insights into processes which are archaeologically invisible or difficult to detect. Here we illustrate the potential of ABM for archaeomalacology, posing two research questions and comparing ABM results with Pacific archaeological sequences. The first analysis considers how molluscan energetic return rates (ERR) and age of reproductive maturity (ARM), singularly or in combination, influence prey population resilience. The second analysis assesses how prey spatial structure affects foraging efficiency and prey susceptibility to resource depression. Consistent with expectations from evolutionary ecology and life history theory, the ABM results demonstrate that both ERR and ARM influence prey population resilience (or vulnerability). However, the analysis also demonstrates that ARM is the more important variable and taxa with high ERR (i.e., large-bodied) are disproportionately affected by human harvesting. Not only are efficient foragers more likely to target high ERR taxa, but these prey often have delayed ARM and un-foraged individuals are more likely to be smaller and immature, with disadvantages for population stability and recovery. In short, early-maturing taxa are highly resilient, while late-maturing organisms are more vulnerable; these outcomes also are observed archaeologically. The ABM analyses also demonstrate the effects of prey spatial structure on molluscan susceptibility to resource depression. High prey aggregation initially allows for high foraging efficiency, but prey abundance and encounter rates often rapidly decline. In contrast, when prey are dispersed, search time is greater, leading to lower encounter rates and reduced foraging efficiency, but greater prey population stability. Our ABM and archaeological examples further illustrate that while general principles can be derived, the resilience and spatial structure of specific prey populations, as well as foraging outcomes, are context dependent and continuously evolving. Finally, we note that model departures from theoretical expectations serve to stimulate further research, including use of additional parameters, consideration of novel contextual evidence, and/or investigation of social, technological or environmental hypotheses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. [Morrison, Alex E.; Allen, Melinda S.] Univ Auckland, Sch Social Sci, Anthropol, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; [Morrison, Alex E.] Int Archaeol Res Inst, 2081 Young St, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA Morrison, AE (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Social Sci, Anthropol, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. alex.morrison@auckland.ac.nz Allen, Melinda S./0000-0001-5041-5106 Marsden Fund, The Royal Society of New Zealand [11-UOA-027] This research, and Morrison's position as a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at University of Auckland, was supported by Marsden Fund, The Royal Society of New Zealand, Grant 11-UOA-027 to M. S. Allen, A.M. Lorrey, and M.N. Evans. Ben Davies provided valuable advice on programming using lists in NetLogo and Beau DiNapoli commented on an early version of the ABM which helped to improve the final product.We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Briar Sefton assisted with final production of the graphics.Zac McIvor's assistance with the bibliography is much appreciated. Finally, we thank the special issue editors Antonieta Jerardino, Patrick Faulkner, and Carola Flores for their invitation to be part of this special issue. 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[Dittmann, Andrea G.; Maner, Jon K.] Northwestern Univ, Kellogg Sch Management, Evanston, IL 60208 USA Dittmann, AG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Kellogg Sch Management, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. a-dittmann@kellogg.northwestern.edu; jon.maner@kellogg.northwestern.edu 0 1 1 0 0 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2017 40 e115 10.1017/S0140525X16001400 2 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology FZ5BW WOS:000427607400009 29342577 2018-11-12 J Grossmann, I; Varnum, MEW Grossmann, Igor; Varnum, Michael E. W. Divergent life histories and other ecological adaptations: Examples of social-class differences in attention, cognition, and attunement to others BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Editorial Material Many behavioral and psychological effects of socioeconomic status (SES), beyond those presented by Pepper & Nettle cannot be adequately explained by life-history theory. We review such effects and reflect on the corresponding ecological affordances and constraints of low-versus high-SES environments, suggesting that several ecology-specific adaptations, apart from life-history strategies, are responsible for the behavioral and psychological effects of SES. [Grossmann, Igor] Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Varnum, Michael E. W.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Grossmann, I (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. igrossma@uwaterloo.ca; mvarnum@asu.edu 0 1 1 5 5 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2017 40 UNSP e329 10.1017/S0140525X17000991 2 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology FT2TX WOS:000423000000039 29342751 2018-11-12 J Lucas, PS; Bager, A Lucas, Priscila Silva; Bager, Alex Contrasting reproductive strategies in a narrow latitude range: the case of D'Orbigny's slider AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA English Article clutch size; egg size; geographic variation; life history; maternal body size; Trachemys dorbigni 1835 TESTUDINES EMYDIDAE; TURTLES CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; OPTIMAL OFFSPRING SIZE; LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; FRESH-WATER TURTLES; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; CLUTCH SIZE; TRACHEMYS-DORBIGNI Reproductive traits and the level of parental investment in offspring varies between individuals and species. These are central issues in life history theory and evolutionary biology. Maternal body size plays an important role in reproduction, and we usually observe variable investment in offspring by females. Thus, optimal egg size may not be reached in some populations or species. In this study, we tested if reproductive traits differed between populations of D'Orbigny's slider in a specific geographical area in Brazil. We evaluated the relationship between reproductive traits to maternal body size and clutch size to egg size to determine possible trade-offs across populations. At the population level, maternal body size and reproductive traits of D'Orbigny's slider were different even in geographically nearby areas. Maternal body size had a positive effect on clutch size, but not on egg size, except in the Arroio Grande population. Nevertheless, we did not observe a negative correlation between clutch and egg size in any population. Although maternal body size had effects in the different populations explaining most of the variation of clutch size, variation in egg size may be the result of decreased survival chances in unpredictable environments and possibly morphological constraints. The trade-off between egg size and number was not observed and this could be expected if resource availability and reproductive allocation by females vary greatly among individuals. [Lucas, Priscila Silva; Bager, Alex] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol Aplicada, Campus Univ,CP 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil; [Lucas, Priscila Silva; Bager, Alex] Univ Fed Lavras, Ctr Brasileiro Estudos Ecol Estr, Campus Univ,CP 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil Lucas, PS (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol Aplicada, Campus Univ,CP 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Lucas, PS (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Ctr Brasileiro Estudos Ecol Estr, Campus Univ,CP 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. prilucass@gmail.com Bager, Alex/0000-0002-6143-0413 CNPq; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamente de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) in Brazil; PDSE Doutorado Sanduiche program of internship [BEX 4214/14-5] Field support, both logistical and financial was provided by Brazilian Agency CNPq for A Bager. PS Lucas was supported by a Ph.D. grant from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamente de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) in Brazil and during the PDSE Doutorado Sanduiche program of internship (Process Number: BEX 4214/14-5). We also thank Murilo Dantas de Miranda, Clara Grilo and Ana Barbara Goncalves for comments made in this manuscript. Ashton KG, 2007, COPEIA, P355, DOI 10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[355:GVIBAC]2.0.CO;2; Bager A, 2012, TROP ZOOL, V25, P31, DOI 10.1080/03946975.2012.679393; Bager A, 2010, TROP ZOOL, V23, P181; Bager A., 2003, THESIS; Bager A, 2007, HERPETOLOGICA, V63, P56, DOI 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[56:NEOAPO]2.0.CO;2; Bager A, 2010, J HERPETOL, V44, P658, DOI 10.1670/09-036.1; Bleu J, 2016, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V283, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2015.2600; BROCKELMAN WY, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P677, DOI 10.1086/283037; Bujes CS, 2008, NAT CONSERVACAO, V6, P155; Burnham K. 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Reptil. 2017 38 4 425 434 10.1163/15685381-00003122 10 Zoology Zoology FP1HD WOS:000417361500003 2018-11-12 J Shaver, JH Shaver, John H. Why and how do religious individuals, and some religious groups, achieve higher relative fertility? RELIGION BRAIN & BEHAVIOR English Article Fertility; alloparenting; quantity-quality trade-offs; religious demography; life history theory PARENTAL INVESTMENT; RITUAL BEHAVIOR; COOPERATION; HUMANS; REPRODUCTION; COMPETITION; LONGEVITY; SUPPORT; SUCCESS; FAMILY Across the contemporary world, religious individuals tend to exhibit higher relative fertility than their secular counterparts, while religions vary substantially in mean fertility levels. Across all biological taxa, organisms sacrifice quantity for quality of offspring. If all things were equal, then, religious individuals would be expected to produce lower-quality offspring and religions with high fertility levels would be expected to be lower-quality populations. Studies of modern populations demonstrate that humans sacrifice quantity for quality of offspring, yet children born to religious parents do not appear to suffer. I propose the Alloparenting Signaling Model, which asserts that religious cultures function as cooperative breeding niches that motivate alloparenting from large kin networks, as well as unrelated co-religionists, to enable high-quantity, high-quality reproductive strategies, and that shared parental care partially explains successful religions. Evaluating this model will require methods from human behavioral ecology as well as traditional ethnography. [Shaver, John H.] Univ Otago, Relig Programme, Dunedin, New Zealand Shaver, JH (reprint author), Univ Otago, Relig Programme, Dunedin, New Zealand. john.shaver@otago.ac.nz Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund Grant [VUW 1321] During the preparation of this manuscript, I was supported by a Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund Grant (ID: VUW 1321). 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Brain Behav. 2017 7 4 SI 324 327 10.1080/2153599X.2016.1249920 4 Religion Religion FO2SW WOS:000416637900015 2018-11-12 J Mittal, S; Sundie, J Mittal, Sarah; Sundie, Jill Not worth the risk? Applying life history theory to understand rejection of the experiential recommendation JOURNAL OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT English Article Experiential consumption; experiential recommendation; life history theory; materialism; well-being REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; CAUSAL UNCERTAINTY; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; PERCEIVED CONTROL; MATERIALISM; PURCHASES; CONSUMPTION; HAPPINESS; BEHAVIOR; SATISFACTION Despite mounting support documenting the long-term benefits of consuming experiences versus material possessions, some consumers appear to reject the 'experiential recommendation.' Applying a life history theory perspective, we conducted seven studies to examine how unpredictability and harshness during childhood may translate into a decreased propensity to consume novel experiences in adulthood. Adults who experienced unpredictable and harsh childhood environments tended to devalue experiential options (studies 1A and 1B). A perceived lack of control over one's life outcomes that translates into greater difficulty in evaluating experiential opportunities mediated the relationship between childhood background and devaluing experiential options (studies 3, 4A-C). Furthermore, prior or incidental experience with novel experiential options moderated the link between perceived lack of control over life outcomes and difficulty evaluating experiential purchase options (study 4B). 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If adult prey in urban areas are relatively more threatened by predation relative to their offspring and non-urban adults, then life-history theory predicts contrasting shifts in urban vs. non-urban reproductive behavior and effort. We tested whether urban and non-urban Eastern bluebirds exhibited contrasting reproductive effort consistent with shifts in the relative risk perception of adult vs. nest predation. At urban sites, Eastern bluebirds using nest boxes exposed to broadcasts of Cooper's hawk vocalizations exhibited enhanced reproductive parameters compared to controls, whereas the opposite trend occurred in box-nesting bluebirds at non-urban sites. As predicted by theory, given prey life-stage switching by a dominant predator, increased perception of predation risk from hawks led to opposing reproductive strategies in urban vs. non-urban habitats. Results align with increasing evidence that urban predation pressures, prey risk perception, and reproductive investment patterns are distinct from those of natural habitats. [Malone, Kristen M.; Sieving, Kathryn E.] Univ Florida, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Powell, Amanda C.] Avian Res & Conservat Inst, Gainesville, FL USA; [Hua, Fangyuan] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge, England; [Hua, Fangyuan] Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab BioControl, Coll Ecol & Evolut, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Malone, KM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. kristen.malone@ufl.edu University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; School of Natural Resources and Environment Funding came from the University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, and School of Natural Resources and Environment, which had no input on the content of the manuscript nor required approval of the manuscript before submission. 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Dimensions of environmental risk are unique theoretical constructs BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Editorial Material Life history theory serves as the foundation for the CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH) model of aggression. However, this model embodies several misunderstandings of life history constructs and principles. The CLASH model does not recognize that environmental harshness and environmental unpredictability are unique theoretical constructs, rendering predictions and implications from the model suspect. [Barbaro, Nicole; Shackelford, Todd K.] Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48309 USA Barbaro, N (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. nmbarbar@oakland.edu; shackelf@oakland.edu Shackelford, Todd/T-6243-2017 Shackelford, Todd/0000-0001-8101-4292 0 1 1 0 3 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2017 40 e76 10.1017/S0140525X16000972 2 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology EX9NG WOS:000403584200002 29342542 2018-11-12 J de Baca, TC; Hertler, SC; Dunkel, CS de Baca, Tomas Cabeza; Hertler, Steve C.; Dunkel, Curtis S. Reply to Van Lange et al.: Proximate and ultimate distinctions must be made to the CLASH model BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Editorial Material Transcending reviewed proximate theories, Van Lange et al.'s CLASH model attempts to ultimately explain the poleward declension of aggression and violence. Seasonal cold is causal, but, we contend, principally as an ecologically relevant evolutionary pressure. We further argue that futurity and restraint are life history variables, and that Life History Theory evolutionarily explains the biogeography of aggression and violence as strategic adaptation. [de Baca, Tomas Cabeza] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Psychol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA; [Hertler, Steve C.] Coll New Rochelle, Psychol Dept, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA; [Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Waggoner Hall, Macomb, IL 61455 USA de Baca, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Psychol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. tomas.cabezadebaca@ucsf.edu; stevenhertler@hotmail.com; C-Dunkel@wiu.edu National Institute of Mental Health [T32MH019391] Tomas Cabeza de Baca was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant T32MH019391. 0 0 0 0 5 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2017 40 e81 10.1017/S0140525X16001175 2 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology EX9NG WOS:000403584200007 2018-11-12 J Van Lange, PAM; Rinderu, MI; Bushman, BJ Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Rinderu, Maria I.; Bushman, Brad J. Aggression and violence around the world: A model of CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH) BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Article aggression; climate; seasonal variation; self-control; temperature; time orientation; violence LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; DIFFERENTIAL K-THEORY; MENTAL TIME-TRAVEL; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; DARK TRIAD; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FUTURE CONSEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES Worldwide there are substantial differences within and between countries in aggression and violence. Although there are various exceptions, a general rule is that aggression and violence increase as one moves closer to the equator, which suggests the important role of climate differences. While this pattern is robust, theoretical explanations for these large differences in aggression and violence within countries and around the world are lacking. Most extant explanations focus on the influence of average temperature as a factor that triggers aggression (The General Aggression Model), or the notion that warm temperature allows for more social interaction situations (Routine Activity Theory) in which aggression is likely to unfold. We propose a new model, CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH), that helps us to understand differences within and between countries in aggression and violence in terms of differences in climate. 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Three first-order factors were extracted, labeled Dysfunctionality,Antisociality and Openness, and GFP was found through the hierarchical factor analysis. The nature of the GFP was explored through analysis of its relations with markers of fast Life-History strategy and covitality. The results demonstrated that the GFP is associated with unrestricted sexual behavior, medical problems, mental problems, early involvement in criminal activity and stability of criminal behavior. The evidence shows that the GFP is a meaningful construct on the highest level of personality structure. It may represent a personality indicator of fitness-related characteristics and could be useful in research of personality in an evolutionary context. 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The Psychometrics of the Mini-K: Evidence From Two College Samples EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article Mini-K; structural equation modeling; latent variables; psychometrics; life history strategy; life history theory STRATEGY; MODEL Many published studies have employed the Mini-K to measure a single fast-slow life history dimension. However, the internal structure of the Mini-K has not been determined and it is not clear that a single higher order K-factor fits the data. It is also not clear that the Mini-K is measurement invariant across groups such as the sexes. To establish the construct validity of K as well as the broader usefulness of applying life history theory to humans, it is crucial that these psychometric issues are addressed as a part of measure validation efforts. Here we report on three studies that used latent variable modeling and data drawn from two college student samples (ns = 361 and 300) to elucidate the psychometrics of the Mini-K. We found that (a) the Mini-K had a six dimensional first-order structure, (b) the K-factor provided a parsimonious explanation of the associations among the lower order factors at no significant cost to fit, (c) the Mini-K measured the same K-factor across the sexes, (d) K-factor means did not have the same meaning across the sexes and thus the first-order factors should be used in studies of mean sex differences, and finally, (e) the K-factor was only associated with environment and aspects of mating competition in females. Implications and future directions for life history research are discussed. [Richardson, George B.; Brubaker, Michael D.; Nedelec, Joseph L.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, 460 R Teachers Dyer Complex, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA; [Chen, Ching-Chen; Dai, Chia-Liang] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA Richardson, GB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, 460 R Teachers Dyer Complex, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. george.richardson@uc.edu Ali R, 2002, ADDICTION, V97, P1183; Bentler PM, 2009, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V74, P137, DOI 10.1007/s11336-008-9100-1; BENTLER PM, 1987, SOCIOL METHOD RES, V16, P78, DOI 10.1177/0049124187016001004; Black C., 2016, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL; BOLLEN KA, 1989, SOCIOL METHOD RES, V17, P303, DOI 10.1177/0049124189017003004; Brown T. A., 2006, CONFIRMATORY FACTOR; Browne M.W., 1993, TESTING STRUCTURAL E, P136, DOI DOI 10.1177/0049124192021002005; Brumbach BH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P25, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3; Byrne B. M., 2001, STRUCTURAL EQUATION; Copping L. 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From Environment to Mating Competition and Super-K in a Predominantly Urban Sample of Young Adults EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; human life history strategy; mating competition; mating effort; K-factor; psychosocial acceleration; psychometrics LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SENSATION SEEKING; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; RISKY BEHAVIOR; PERSONALITY; YOUTH; SEX; ADOLESCENCE; PERSPECTIVE Recent research suggests human life history strategy (LHS) may be subsumed by multiple dimensions, including mating competition and Super-K, rather than one. In this study, we test whether a two-dimensional structure best fit data from a predominantly urban sample of young adults ages 18-24. We also test whether latent life history dimensions are associated with environmental harshness and unpredictability as predicted by life history theory. Results provide evidence that a two-dimensional model best fit the data. Furthermore, a moderate inverse residual correlation between mating competition and Super-K was found, consistent with a life history trade-off. Our findings suggest that parental socioeconomic status may enhance investment in mating competition, that harshness might persist into young adulthood as an important correlate of LHS, and that unpredictability may not have significant effects in young adulthood. These findings further support the contention that human LHS is multidimensional and environmental effects on LHS are more complex than previously suggested. The model presented provides a parsimonious explanation of an array of human behaviors and traits and can be used to inform public health initiatives, particularly with respect to the potential impact of environmental interventions. [Richardson, George B.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, Coll Educ Criminal Justice & Human Serv, POB 210002, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA; [Dariotis, Jacinda K.; Lai, Mark H. C.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Educ, Coll Educ Criminal Justice & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA; [Dariotis, Jacinda K.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Educ Criminal Justice & Human Serv, Evaluat Serv Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA; [Dariotis, Jacinda K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA Richardson, GB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, Coll Educ Criminal Justice & Human Serv, POB 210002, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. george.richardson@uc.edu National Institute on Drug Abuse [K01DA029571] The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (grant number K01DA029571). 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Psychol. JAN 2017 15 1 10.1177/1474704916670165 15 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EL5VC WOS:000394688300003 28152622 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Chen, BB Chen, Bin-Bin Explanations for attractiveness-related positive biases in an evolutionary perspective of life history theory BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES English Editorial Material The mating-related evolutionary explanation that Maestripieri et al. offer does not apply to (1) infants' positive biases toward attractive individuals and (2) adults' positive biases toward attractive infants and children. They are best understood when integrated into an evolutionary life history framework. I argue that the life history of positive biases toward attractive individuals is driven by fundamental trade-offs made throughout development. [Chen, Bin-Bin] Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China Chen, BB (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Psychol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. chenbinbin@fudan.edu.cn National Natural Science Foundation of China [31500901] This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500901). 0 1 1 0 2 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA 0140-525X 1469-1825 BEHAV BRAIN SCI Behav. Brain Sci. 2017 40 20 21 e24 10.1017/S0140525X16000455 2 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology EP5HR WOS:000397410100006 28327229 2018-11-12 J Hasselquist, D; Montras-Janer, T; Tarka, M; Hansson, B Hasselquist, Dennis; Montras-Janer, Teresa; Tarka, Maja; Hansson, Bengt Individual consistency of long-distance migration in a songbird: significant repeatability of autumn route, stopovers and wintering sites but not in timing of migration JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY English Article GREAT REED WARBLERS; ACROCEPHALUS-ARUNDINACEUS; BIRD MIGRATION; ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; ARRIVAL PHENOLOGY; HABITAT QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEST-AFRICA; POPULATION; MIGRANT Through new tracking techniques, data on timing and routes of migration in long-distance migrant birds are accumulating. However, studies of the consistency of migration of the same individuals between years are still rare in small-sized passerine birds. This type of information is important to understand decisions and migration abilities at the individual level, but also for life history theory, for understanding carry over effects between different annual cycle stages and for conservation. We analysed individual repeatability of migration between years in great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus; a medium-sized European songbird migrating to sub-Saharan Africa. In seven males, with geolocator data from 2-4 yr per bird, we found low to moderate (non significant) repeatability in timing of migration parameters (R 0.41), but high (and significant) repeatability for most spatial parameters, i.e. autumn route (R = 0.64) and stopover sites (R = 0.59-0.87) in Europe, and wintering sites (R = 0.77-0.99) in sub-Saharan Africa. This pattern of high spatial but low temporal within-individual repeatability of migration between years contrasts other tracking studies of migrating birds that generally have found consistency in timing but flexibility in routes. High spatial consistency of migration in the great reed warbler may be due to it being a specialist in wetlands, an unevenly distributed habitat, favouring a strategy of recurrence at previously visited sites. Low temporal repeatability may be caused by large between-year variation in carry-over effects from the breeding season, high flexibility in decision rules during migration or high sensitivity to environmental factors (weather, wind) during migration. [Hasselquist, Dennis; Montras-Janer, Teresa; Hansson, Bengt] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Lund, Sweden; [Tarka, Maja] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, Trondheim, Norway Hasselquist, D (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Lund, Sweden. dennis.hasselquist@biol.lu.se Swedish Research Council [621-2014-5222, 621-2013-4357]; Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation; Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme [223257]; Lunds Djurskyddsfond; Crafoord Foundation; Linnaeus Research Excellence Center CanMove - Swedish Research Council; Lund Univ. [349-2007-8690] We wish to thank Thomas Alerstam for support and stimulating discussions throughout the 34-year long-term study of the great reed warblers at lake Kvismaren, and T. Emmenegger for input on GeoLight analyses. We also thank all collaborators and field assistants who helped with the great reed warbler project over the years, the Duke Montgomery-Cederhielm family for allowing us to work in the Segersjo area. The study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (621-2014-5222 to BH, 621-2013-4357 to DH), the Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation (BH), Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223257 (MT), Lunds Djurskyddsfond (BH, MT, DH), the Crafoord Foundation (BH), the Linnaeus Research Excellence Center CanMove funded by the Swedish Research Council and Lund Univ. (349-2007-8690), and Kvismare Bird Observatory (report 182). The geolocator studies of the great reed warblers have been approved by the Linkoping Animal Ethics Board. 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Avian Biol. JAN 2017 48 1 91 102 10.1111/jav.01292 12 Ornithology Zoology EM0UI WOS:000395032800010 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Black, CJ; Figueredo, AJ; Jacobs, WJ Black, Candace J.; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Jacobs, W. Jake Substance, History, and Politics: An Examination of the Conceptual Underpinnings of Alternative Approaches to the Life History Narrative EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; human development; pubertal timing; sexual health; personality R/K REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FATHER ABSENCE; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; K-FACTOR; CHILDHOOD ENVIRONMENTS; GENERAL FACTOR; PERSONALITY; POPULATION; MENARCHE The aim of this article is to examine the relations between two approaches to the measurement of life history (LH) strategies: A traditional approach, termed here the biodemographic approach, measures developmental characteristics like birthweight, gestation length, interbirth intervals, pubertal timing, and sexual debut, and a psychological approach measures a suite of cognitive and behavioral traits such as altruism, sociosexual orientation, personality, mutualism, familial relationships, and religiosity. The biodemographic approach also tends not to invoke latent variables, whereas the psychological approach typically relies heavily upon them. Although a large body of literature supports both approaches, they are largely separate. This review examines the history and relations between biodemographic and psychological measures of LH, which remain murky at best. In doing so, we consider basic questions about the nature of LH strategies: What constitutes LH strategy (or perhaps more importantly, what does not constitute LH strategy)? What is gained or lost by including psychological measures in LH research? Must these measures remain independent or should they be used in conjunction as complementary tools to test tenets of LH theory? Although definitive answers will linger, we hope to catalyze an explicit discussion among LH researchers and to provoke novel research avenues that combine the strengths each approach brings to this burgeoning field. [Black, Candace J.; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Jacobs, W. Jake] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, 1503 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA Black, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, 1503 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. cjblack@email.arizona.edu ANDERSON JL, 1991, CAN PSYCHOL, V32, P51, DOI 10.1037/h0078956; Barbara Hagenah Brumbach, 2007, [心理学报, Acta Psychologica Sinica], V39, P481; Barkow J. H., 1984, J ANTHR RES SPECIAL, V42, P373; Barkow Jerome H., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P845, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00782; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P662, DOI 10.1037/a0024454; Black C. 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JAN 2017 15 1 10.1177/1474704916670402 16 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EL5VC WOS:000394688300004 28152629 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Chua, KJ; Lukaszewski, AW; Grant, DM; Sng, O Chua, Kristine J.; Lukaszewski, Aaron W.; Grant, DeMond M.; Sng, Oliver Human Life History Strategies: Calibrated to External or Internal Cues? EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article health; life history calibration; life history theory; predictive adaptive response; psychometric assessment TEENAGE PREGNANCY; PERCEIVED STRESS; HEALTH SURVEY; CHILDHOOD; ENVIRONMENTS; BEHAVIOR; RISK; EVOLUTION; ADULTHOOD; RESPONSES Human life history (LH) strategies are theoretically regulated by developmental exposure to environmental cues that ancestrally predicted LH-relevant world states (e.g., risk of morbidity-mortality). Recent modeling work has raised the question of whether the association of childhood family factors with adult LH variation arises via (i) direct sampling of external environmental cues during development and/or (ii) calibration of LH strategies to internal somatic condition (i.e.,health), which itself reflects exposure to variably favorable environments. The present research tested between these possibilities through three online surveys involving a total of over 26,000 participants. Participants completed questionnaires assessing components of self-reported environmental harshness (i.e., socioeconomic status, family neglect, and neighborhood crime), health status, and various LH-related psychological and behavioral phenotypes (e.g., mating strategies, paranoia, and anxiety), modeled as a unidimensional latent variable. Structural equation models suggested that exposure to harsh ecologies had direct effects on latent LH strategy as well as indirect effects on latent LH strategy mediated via health status. These findings suggest that human LH strategies may be calibrated to both external and internal cues and that such calibrational effects manifest in a wide range of psychological and behavioral phenotypes. 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JAN 2017 15 1 10.1177/1474704916677342 16 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EL5VC WOS:000394688300007 28164721 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Figueredo, AJ; Garcia, RA; Menke, JM; Jacobs, WJ; Gladden, PR; Bianchi, J; Patch, EA; Beck, CJA; Kavanagh, PS; Sotomayor-Peterson, M; Jiang, YF; Li, NP Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Garcia, Rafael Antonio; Menke, J. Michael; Jacobs, W. Jake; Gladden, Paul Robert; Bianchi, JeanMarie; Patch, Emily Anne; Beck, Connie J. A.; Kavanagh, Phillip S.; Sotomayor-Peterson, Marcela; Jiang, Yunfan; Li, Norman P. The K-SF-42: A New Short Form of the Arizona Life History Battery EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; psychometrics; cross-cultural research K-FACTOR; PARENTAL EFFORT; GENERAL FACTOR; SAMPLE-SIZE; STRATEGY; PERSONALITY; COVITALITY; SUPPORT; VALUES The purpose of the present article is to propose an alternative short form for the 199-item Arizona Life History Battery (ALHB), which we are calling the K-SF-42, as it contains 42 items as compared with the 20 items of the Mini-K, the short form that has been in greatest use for the past decade. These 42 items were selected from the ALHB, unlike those of the Mini-K, making direct comparisons of the relative psychometric performance of the two alternative short forms a valid and instructive exercise. A series of secondary data analyses were performed upon a recently completed five-nation cross-cultural survey, which was originally designed to assess the role of life history strategy in the etiology of interpersonal aggression. Only data from the ALHB that were collected in all five cross-cultural replications were used for the present analyses. The single immediate objective of this secondary data analysis was producing the K-SF-42 such that it would perform optimally across all five cultures sampled, and perhaps even generalize well to other modern industrial societies not currently sampled as a result of the geographic breadth of those included in the present study. A novel method, based on the use of the Cross-Sample Geometric Mean as a criterion for item selection, was used for generating such a cross-culturally valid short form. [Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Garcia, Rafael Antonio; Jacobs, W. Jake; Patch, Emily Anne; Beck, Connie J. 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Brief Self-Report Scales Assessing Life History Dimensions of Mating and Parenting Effort EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; mating effort; parental investment; measurement; survey scale DARK TRIAD; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PERSONALITY; VALIDITY; SOCIOSEXUALITY; SOCIOBIOLOGY; ATTACHMENT; CHILDHOOD; RISK Life history theory (LHT) is a powerful evolutionary framework for understanding physiological, psychological, and behavioral variation both between and within species. Researchers and theorists are increasingly integrating LHT into evolutionary psychology, as it provides a strong foundation for research across many topical areas. Human life history variation has been represented in psychological and behavioral research in several ways, including indicators of conditions in the developmental environment, indicators of conditions in the current environment, and indicators of maturation and life milestones (e.g., menarche, initial sexual activity, first pregnancy), and in self-report survey scale measures. Survey scale measures have included constructs such as time perspective and future discounting, although the most widely used index is a constellation of indicators assessing the K-factor, thought to index general life history speed (from fast to slow). The current project examined the utility of two brief self-report survey measures assessing the life history dimensions of mating effort and parenting effort with a large undergraduate sample in the United States. Consistent with the theory, items reflected two inversely related dimensions. In regressions including the K-factor, the Mating Effort Scale proved to be a powerful predictor of other constructs and indicators related to life history variation. The Parenting Effort Scale had less predictive power overall, although it explained unique variance across several constructs and was the only unique predictor of the number of long-term (serious and committed) relationships. These scales may be valuable additions to self-report survey research projects examining life history variation. 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On the Psychometric Study of Human Life History Strategies: State of the Science and Evidence of Two Independent Dimensions EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; life history strategy; psychometrics; Super-K; mating competition; middle adulthood; structural equation modeling; bifactor model STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; LATENT-VARIABLES; SUBSTANCE USE; K-FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DARK TRIAD; TRADE-OFFS; PERSONALITY This article attends to recent discussions of validity in psychometric research on human life history strategy (LHS), provides a constructive critique of the extant literature, and describes strategies for improving construct validity. To place the psychometric study of human LHS on more solid ground, our review indicates that researchers should (a) use approaches to psychometric modeling that are consistent with their philosophies of measurement, (b) confirm the dimensionality of life history indicators, and (c) establish measurement invariance for at least a subset of indicators. Because we see confirming the dimensionality of life history indicators as the next step toward placing the psychometrics of human LHS on more solid ground, we use nationally representative data and structural equation modeling to test the structure of middle adult life history indicators. We found statistically independent mating competition and Super-K dimensions and the effects of parental harshness and childhood unpredictability on Super-K were consistent with past research. 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JAN 2017 15 1 10.1177/1474704916666840 24 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EL5VC WOS:000394688300002 28152627 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Lindstrom, U; Planque, B; Subbey, S Lindstrom, Ulf; Planque, Benjamin; Subbey, Sam Multiple Patterns of Food Web Dynamics Revealed by a Minimal Non-deterministic Model ECOSYSTEMS English Article Barents Sea ecosystem; trophic interactions; stochastic; mass balance; density dependence; pattern-oriented modelling MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FISH COMMUNITIES; METABOLIC-RATE; BODY-SIZE; STABILITY; SEA Understanding and predicting patterns arising from the dynamics of marine food webs is central to trophic and community ecology and numerical models of food webs constitute a primary tool to simulate these dynamics. Food web simulation models are often highly complex while at the same time often too constrained to reproduce the level of variability observed in real systems. The recently developed non-deterministic network dynamics (NDND) modelling framework has been suggested as a simulation alternative, which can generate multiple patterns of food web variability despite great structural simplicity. Two important aspects of the NDND modelling framework remain unexplored: first the derivation of model input parameters from empirical or theoretical studies and second the evaluation of the model simulations against observations. We provide a methodology for the derivation of model parameters based on empirical observations, the metabolic theory of ecology and life-history theory and apply it to the specific case of the Barents Sea food web. We then evaluate the ability of the NDND simulations to reproduce a wide range of patterns of food web dynamics against observations collected in the Barents Sea during 28 years. Patterns emerging from the simulations include trends and cycles in biomass, trophic levels and transfer efficiency, density-dependent growth, top-down vs bottom-up oscillations, ecosystem level stability and synchrony and trophic functional responses. The ability of the NDND to generate so many patterns observed empirically in the Barents Sea is remarkable given that it is based only on random trophic interactions operating within few constraints set by ecological rules. Our results show that investigations of food web dynamics in marine ecosystems, including the definition of reference states and responses to climate and exploitation pressures, may be achieved with models that are structurally simple and based on few well-established assumptions. [Lindstrom, Ulf; Planque, Benjamin] Inst Marine Res, POB 6404, N-9294 Tromso, Norway; [Planque, Benjamin; Subbey, Sam] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; [Subbey, Sam] Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway Planque, B (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 6404, N-9294 Tromso, Norway.; Planque, B (reprint author), Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. benjamin.planque@imr.no Planque, Benjamin/D-2729-2013 Planque, Benjamin/0000-0002-0557-7410 Marine Processes program of the Institute of Marine Research, Norway The authors wish to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critical, inspiring and constructive inputs to earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Marine Processes program of the Institute of Marine Research, Norway. Allesina S, 2008, THEOR ECOL, V1, P55, DOI 10.1007/s12080-007-0007-8; AUBIN J. 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YODZIS P, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P1151, DOI 10.1086/285380 88 1 1 6 19 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA 1432-9840 1435-0629 ECOSYSTEMS Ecosystems JAN 2017 20 1 163 182 10.1007/s10021-016-0022-y 20 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology EI2KV WOS:000392317000016 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Honsey, AE; Staples, DF; Venturelli, PA Honsey, Andrew E.; Staples, David F.; Venturelli, Paul A. Accurate estimates of age at maturity from the growth trajectories of fishes and other ectotherms ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS English Article age at maturity; biphasic growth; Lester biphasic growth model; life history; profile likelihood; Sander vitreus DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; REACTION NORMS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SEXUAL-MATURITY; EFFECTS MODELS; SIZE; MATURATION; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS Age at maturity (AAM) is a key life history trait that provides insight into ecology, evolution, and population dynamics. However, maturity data can be costly to collect or may not be available. Life history theory suggests that growth is biphasic for many organisms, with a change-point in growth occurring at maturity. If so, then it should be possible to use a biphasic growth model to estimate AAM from growth data. To test this prediction, we used the Lester biphasic growth model in a likelihood profiling framework to estimate AAM from length at age data. We fit our model to simulated growth trajectories to determine minimum data requirements (in terms of sample size, precision in length at age, and the cost to somatic growth of maturity) for accurate AAM estimates. We then applied our method to a large walleye Sander vitreus data set and show that our AAM estimates are in close agreement with conventional estimates when our model fits well. Finally, we highlight the potential of our method by applying it to length at age data for a variety of ectotherms. Our method shows promise as a tool for estimating AAM and other life history traits from contemporary and historical samples. [Honsey, Andrew E.] Univ Minnesota, Ecol Evolut & Behav Grad Program, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Honsey, Andrew E.; Venturelli, Paul A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Staples, David F.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, 5463-C West Broadway, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA Honsey, AE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Ecol Evolut & Behav Grad Program, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.; Honsey, AE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. honse018@umn.edu Venturelli, Paul/A-2337-2008 Venturelli, Paul/0000-0002-7329-7517 Moos Fellowship in Aquatic Biology; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources We thank Tyler Imfeld, Monica Watson, Nigel Lester, Brian Shuter, Cindy Chu, Henrique Giacomini, and the Venturelli lab for their assistance with analysis and data collection. We are also indebted to Richard Bruce, Beth Matta, Mike Palmer, Paul Rago, Sandra Orsatti, Daniel Nadeau, Michel Legault, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, the Quebec Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (copyright 2016, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources) for providing data. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was funded by the Moos Fellowship in Aquatic Biology, the University of Minnesota, and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 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JAN 2017 27 1 182 192 10.1002/eap.1421 11 Ecology; Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology EH7XG WOS:000391985300015 27973729 Bronze 2018-11-12 J van der Linden, D; Pekaar, KA; Bakker, AB; Schermer, JA; Vernon, PA; Dunkel, CS; Petrides, KV van der Linden, Dimitri; Pekaar, Keri A.; Bakker, Arnold B.; Schermer, Julie Aitken; Vernon, Philip A.; Dunkel, Curtis S.; Petrides, K. V. Overlap Between the General Factor of Personality and Emotional Intelligence: A Meta-Analysis PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN English Article general factor of personality; emotional intelligence; meta-analysis; social effectiveness; trait EI HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS; CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY; SITUATIONAL JUDGMENT TEST; CAREER DECISION-MAKING; CORE-SELF-EVALUATIONS; INVENTORY-SHORT-FORM; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; BIG 5; INCREMENTAL VALIDITY; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY We examine the relationship between the general factor of personality (GFP) and emotional intelligence (EI) and specifically test the hypothesis that the GFP is a social effectiveness factor overlapping conceptually with EI. Presented is an extensive meta-analysis in which the associations between the GFP, extracted from the Big Five dimensions, with various EI measures is examined. Based on a total sample of k = 142 data sources (N = 36,268) the 2 major findings from the meta-analysis were (a) a large overlap between the GFP and trait EI (r approximate to .85); and (b) a positive, but more moderate, correlation with ability EI (r approximate to .28). These findings show that high-GFP individuals score higher on trait and ability EI, supporting the notion that the GFP is a social effectiveness factor. The findings also suggest that the GFP is very similar, perhaps even synonymous, to trait EI. [van der Linden, Dimitri; Pekaar, Keri A.; Bakker, Arnold B.] Erasmus Univ, Inst Psychol, POB 9104, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands; [Schermer, Julie Aitken] Univ Western Ontario, Management & Org Studies, London, ON, Canada; [Vernon, Philip A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON, Canada; [Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL USA; [Petrides, K. 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Life history strategies and psychopathology: the faster the life strategies, the more symptoms of psychopathology EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Life history theory; Life history strategy; Psychopathology; Aggression; Attachment; Self-harm DELIBERATE SELF-HARM; AGGRESSION; ATTACHMENT; DISORDER; QUESTIONNAIRE; ADOLESCENTS; PERSONALITY; ADAPTATION; MATURATION; BEHAVIOR There is little extant empirical literature examining the associations between life history strategies and symptoms of psychopathology. The current study (N = 138) investigated the associations between life history strategies, symptoms of psychopathology, aggression, incidence of self-harm behaviour, and attachment (perceived parental support) in sample drawn from the general population and community mental health service providers. The results from the study indicate those with a faster life strategy report greater levels of aggression and symptoms of psychopathology. Further, perceptions of poorer parental support were associated with a faster life history strategy. Implications for life history theory, conceptualising psychopathology, and future research directions are discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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JAN 2017 38 1 1 8 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.06.001 8 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences EG9AS WOS:000391350000001 2018-11-12 J Voland, E; Willfuhr, KP Voland, Eckart; Willfuehr, Kai P. Why does paternal death accelerate the transition to first marriage in the C18-C19 Krummhorn population? EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Paternal absence effect; Krummhorn; Family reconstitution study; Sibling interaction PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICT; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; INVESTMENT; MATURATION; EVOLUTION; MENARCHE; OUTCOMES; SUCCESS Among the population of the Krummhorn region (Ostfriesland, Germany) in the 18th and 19th centuries, the death of the father in the family led on average to the accelerated marriage of his children. Three evolutionary explanations are offered for this "paternal absence" effect in the literature: namely, (i) the assumption of an adaptive "psychosocial acceleration" of the children with prepubertal experience of uncertainty; (ii) an opportunistic adjustment of life and reproduction decisions as an adaptive reaction to the personal cost-benefit balances that are changed by the father's death; and (iii) given the genetic parent-offspring conflict, an increase in the reproductive autonomy of offspring after the loss of the dominant father figure. Our models, which are based on the analyses of the vital statistics data derived from church registers and tax rolls and compiled into a family reconstitution study, attribute the greatest explanatory power for the patterns found in the Krummhorn to the opportunistic adjustment approach (ii). (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. [Voland, Eckart] Univ Giessen, Inst Philosophy, Rathenaustr 8, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; [Willfuehr, Kai P.] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Konrad Zuse Str 1, D-18057 Rostock, Germany Voland, E (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Philosophy, Rathenaustr 8, D-35394 Giessen, Germany. eckart.voland@phil.uni-giessen.de; willfuehr@demogr.mpg.de Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Vo 310/16-1] We thank two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments and Jonathan F. Fox for his highly valuable input and advice on modeling. Financial support came from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Vo 310/16-1. 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Hum. Behav. JAN 2017 38 1 125 135 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.08.001 11 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences EG9AS WOS:000391350000015 Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Zeigler-Hill, V; Okan, C Jonason, Peter K.; Zeigler-Hill, Virgil; Okan, Ceylan Good v. evil: Predicting sinning with dark personality traits and moral foundations PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Narcissism; Psychopathy; Machiavellianism; Sadism; Spitefulness; Morality; Sins TRIAD; BEHAVIORS; INVENTORY; DIRTY Using life history theory, we provided (N = 1236) insight into individual differences in the engagement in human vice or sin (e.g., lust) by examining individual differences in dark personality traits and morality. Moral foundations were associated with sin through the individualizing aspects of morality. Dark personality traits accounted for almost six times more variance in individual differences in sinning than the moral foundations which suggests that it is personality rather than morality that is responsible for sinning behaviors. While sadism and spitefulness accounted for unique and significantly more variance, this was a small and specialized amount We replicated effects suggesting men are more strongly embodied by dark personality traits and behaviors than women are, and women are more morally virtuous than men are, but showed these sex differences were a function of dark personality traits in particular and moral foundations. Overwhelmingly, dark personality traits trump participant' sex and moral foundations. in accounting for variance in sin. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Lower neighborhood quality in adolescence predicts higher mesolimbic sensitivity to reward anticipation in adulthood Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience English Article NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; NEURAL RESPONSE; BRAIN; STRESS; CORTEX; SOCIALIZATION Life history theory suggests that adult reward sensitivity should be best explained by childhood, but not current, socioeconomic conditions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 83 participants from a larger longitudinal sample completed the monetary incentive delay (MID) task in adulthood (25 years old). Parent-reports of neighborhood quality and parental SES were collected when participants were 13 years of age. Current income level was collected concurrently with scanning. Lower adolescent neighborhood quality, but neither lower current income nor parental SES, was associated with heightened sensitivity to the anticipation of monetary gain in putative mesolimbic reward areas. Lower adolescent neighborhood quality was also associated with heightened sensitivity to the anticipation of monetary loss activation in visuo-motor areas. Lower current income was associated with heightened sensitivity to anticipated loss in occipital areas and the operculum. We tested whether externalizing behaviors in childhood or adulthood could better account for neighborhood quality findings, but they did not. Findings suggest that neighborhood ecology in adolescence is associated with greater neural reward sensitivity in adulthood above the influence of parental SES or current income and not mediated through impulsivity and externalizing behaviors. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. 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DEC 2016 22 48 57 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.003 10 Psychology, Developmental; Neurosciences Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology EI7XD WOS:000392716900006 27838595 DOAJ Gold, Green Accepted 2018-11-12 J Akcay, C; Lendvai, AZ; Stanback, M; Haussmann, M; Moore, IT; Bonier, F Akcay, Caglar; Lendvai, Adam Z.; Stanback, Mark; Haussmann, Mark; Moore, Ignacio T.; Bonier, Fran Strategic adjustment of parental care in tree swallows: life-history trade-offs and the role of glucocorticoids ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE English Article corticosterone; nestling begging; provisioning; brood value; latitude; fitness TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; STRESS-RESPONSE; PASSERINE BIRD; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; CORTICOSTERONE; REPRODUCTION; MODULATION; INVESTMENT; INCREASES; BEHAVIOR Life-history theory predicts that optimal strategies of parental investment will depend on ecological and social factors, such as current brood value and offspring need. Parental care strategies are also likely to be mediated in part by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid hormones. Here, we present an experiment in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), a biparental songbird with wide geographical distribution, asking whether parental care is strategically adjusted in response to signals of offspring need and brood value and if so, whether glucocorticoids are involved in these adjustments. Using an automated playback system, we carried out playbacks of nestling begging calls specifically to females in two populations differing in their brood value: a northern population in Ontario, Canada (relatively higher brood value) and a southern population in North Carolina, USA (relatively lower brood value). We quantified female offspring provisioning rates before and during playbacks and plasma corticosterone levels (cort) once during late incubation and once immediately after playbacks. Females in both populations increased feeding rates temporarily during the first 2 h of playback but the increase was not sustained for the entire duration of playback (6 h). Cort levels from samples at the end of the playback did not differ between control females and females that received playbacks. However, females that had higher increases in cort between the incubation and nestling period had greater fledging success. These results suggest that females are able to strategically respond to offspring need, although the role of glucocorticoids in this strategic adjustment remains unclear. [Akcay, Caglar; Lendvai, Adam Z.; Moore, Ignacio T.; Bonier, Fran] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA; [Lendvai, Adam Z.] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool & Human Biol, Egyet Ter 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; [Stanback, Mark] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28036 USA; [Haussmann, Mark] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA; [Bonier, Fran] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada Akcay, C; Lendvai, AZ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. akcay.caglar@gmail.com; az.lendvai@gmail.com Akcay, Caglar/F-7145-2010 Akcay, Caglar/0000-0003-0635-9586 U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant [IOS-1145625]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship; Hungarian Research Fund [OTKA K 113108] This work was supported by a U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant (F.B., I.T.M. and M.H.; IOS-1145625), and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship (F.B.). During the preparation of the manuscript, A.Z.L. was supported by a grant from the Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA K 113108). 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DEC 2016 3 12 UNSP 160740 10.1098/rsos.160740 12 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics EH4HH WOS:000391731800024 28083111 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Gilbert, J; Uggla, C; Mace, R Gilbert, James; Uggla, Caroline; Mace, Ruth Knowing your neighbourhood: local ecology and personal experience predict neighbourhood perceptions in Belfast, Northern Ireland ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE English Article life-history theory; ecological perceptions; mortality risk; morbidity risk REPRODUCTION; DEATH Evolutionary theory predicts that humans should adjust their life-history strategies in response to local ecological threats and opportunities in order to maximize their reproductive success. Cues representing threats to individuals' lives and health in modern, Western societies may come in the form of local ages at death, morbidity rate and crime rate in their local area, whereas the adult sex ratio represents a measure of the competition for reproductive partners. These characteristics are believed to have a strong influence over a wide range of behaviours, but whether they are accurately perceived has not been robustly tested. Here, we investigate whether perceptions of four neighbourhood characteristics are accurate across eight neighbourhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland. We find that median age at death and morbidity rates are accurately perceived, whereas adult sex ratios and crime rates are not. We suggest that both neighbourhood characteristics and personal experiences contribute to the formation of perceptions. This should be considered by researchers looking for associations between area-level factors. [Gilbert, James; Uggla, Caroline; Mace, Ruth] UCL, Dept Anthropol, 14 Taviton St, London WC1H 0BW, England; [Uggla, Caroline] Stockholm Univ, Dept Sociol, Demog Unit, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Mace, Ruth] Lanzhou Univ, Life Sci, 222 Tianshui South Rd, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu, Peoples R China Gilbert, J (reprint author), UCL, Dept Anthropol, 14 Taviton St, London WC1H 0BW, England.; Mace, R (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Life Sci, 222 Tianshui South Rd, Lanzhou 73000, Gansu, Peoples R China. james.gilbert.14@ucl.ac.uk; r.mace@ucl.ac.uk Mace, Ruth/0000-0002-6137-7739; Gilbert, James/0000-0003-2808-2004; uggla, caroline/0000-0003-1639-3307 ERC [ERC AdG249347] This research was funded by the ERC advanced grant to R.M. (ERC AdG249347). 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DEC 2016 3 12 160468 10.1098/rsos.160468 8 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics EH4HH WOS:000391731800008 28083095 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Ebneter, C; Pick, JL; Tschirren, B Ebneter, Christina; Pick, Joel L.; Tschirren, Barbara A trade-off between reproductive investment and maternal cerebellum size in a precocial bird BIOLOGY LETTERS English Article life-history evolution; trade-off; brain size; parental care; cost of reproduction; reproductive investment BRAIN SIZE; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; EGG SIZE; EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTS; SURVIVAL; ADULTS; COSTS Natural selection favours increased investment in reproduction, yet considerable variation in parental investment is observed in natural populations. Life-history theory predicts that this variation is maintained by a trade-off between the benefits of increased reproductive investment and its associated costs for the parents. The nature of these costs of reproduction, however, remains poorly understood. The brain is an energetically highly expensive organ and increased reproductive investment may, therefore, negatively affect brain maintenance. Using artificial selection lines for high and low prenatal maternal investment in a precocial bird, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), we provide experimental evidence for this hypothesis by showing that increased prenatal provisioning negatively affects the size of a particular brain region of the mother, the cerebellum. Our finding suggests that cognitive demands may constrain the evolution of parental investment, and vice versa, contributing to the maintenance of variation in reproductive behaviour in animal populations. [Ebneter, Christina; Pick, Joel L.; Tschirren, Barbara] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Tschirren, Barbara] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9FE, England Tschirren, B (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.; Tschirren, B (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9FE, England. barbara.tschirren@ieu.uzh.ch Tschirren, Barbara/0000-0003-4806-4102; Pick, Joel L/0000-0002-6295-3742 Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P3_128386, PP00P3_157455]; Georges und Antoine Claraz-Schenkung This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P3_128386, PP00P3_157455 to B.T.) and the Georges und Antoine Claraz-Schenkung (to C.E.). 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A test of classic theory ECOLOGY English Article density dependence; life-history theory; offspring performance; optimal offspring size; siblingcompetition COLONIAL MARINE INVERTEBRATE; BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; MATERNAL PHENOTYPE; TRADE-OFFS; COMPETITION; QUALITY; DISPERSAL; NUMBER; GROWTH Across a wide range of taxa, larger mothers produce larger offspring. Theory assumes that larger, more fecund mothers create higher local densities of siblings, and so larger mothers produce larger offspring to offset sibling competition. This assumption has beendebated for over 30yr, but direct empirical tests are surprisingly rare. Here, we test two key assumptions of classic theories that predict sibling competition drives maternal-size-offspring-size (MSOS) correlations: (1) independent effects of offspring size and sibling density on offspring performance or (2) as a product of an interaction between these two factors. 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I.; Telford, M.; Bonduriansky, R. Phenotypes optimized for early-life reproduction exhibit faster somatic deterioration with age, revealing a latent cost of high condition JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article ageing; condition; development; diet; life-history; lifespan; neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis; nutrition; reproduction-soma trade-off; somatic maintenance TELOSTYLINUS-ANGUSTICOLLIS DIPTERA; ONTHOPHAGUS-ACUMINATUS COLEOPTERA; CONDITION-DEPENDENT TRAITS; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRADE-OFFS; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; FIELD CRICKETS; ADULT DIET; BODY-SIZE High condition enables individuals to express a phenotype with greater reproductive potential. However, life-history theory predicts that reproduction will trade off with somatic maintenance and viability, and several studies have reported faster age-related decline in performance in high-condition individuals, suggesting that high condition in early life is associated with accelerated somatic deterioration. This trade-off may be especially pronounced in males, which often express condition-dependent secondary sexual traits that can impose viability costs during development and through damage-inflicting adult sexual behaviours. To test this prediction, we reared larvae of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis on diets of varying nutrient content and quantified somatic deterioration in solitary males, males housed in all-male or mixed-sex groups and immobilized males subjected to mechanical stress. We found that males reared on a nutrient-rich larval diet (high-condition males) suffered a higher rate of somatic deterioration with age, particularly when housed in groups. Perhaps as a result of accelerated somatic deterioration, high-condition males did not outlive low-condition males. In addition, high-condition males housed in all-male groups experienced a greater reduction in escape response with age than males housed in mixed-sex groups, suggesting that male-male combat promotes somatic deterioration. However, even when immobilized, high-condition males were still found to be more susceptible to somatic damage than low-condition males. Our findings suggest that a high-condition male phenotype is more prone to somatic damage, both as a result of associated behaviours such as combat, and because of the inherent fragility of the high-condition body. [Adler, M. I.; Telford, M.; Bonduriansky, R.] Univ New South Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Adler, M. I.; Telford, M.; Bonduriansky, R.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Telford, M.] Univ Pompeu Fabra, Inst Biol Evolutiva, Barcelona, Spain Adler, MI (reprint author), UNSW, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.; Adler, MI (reprint author), UNSW, Sch BEES, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. margo.adler@gmail.com University of New South Wales; Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; Australian Research Council We thank Ditka Jeran, Matheus Guimaraes, Rob Champion, Aidan Runagall-McNaull, David Tran, Eleanor Bath, Alexander Sentinella and Mark Brown for help with the experiment, and Bart Adriaenssens for generously sharing his statistics wisdom. We also thank Viktor Nilsson-Ortman for thoughtful discussions and suggesting relevant papers, and Luc Bussiere and Wolf Blanckenhorn for thorough and very helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. 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Evol. Biol. DEC 2016 29 12 2436 2446 10.1111/jeb.12968 11 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity EE7ZT WOS:000389844700008 27546615 2018-11-12 J Nolin, DA; Ziker, JP Nolin, David A.; Ziker, John P. Reproductive Responses to Economic Uncertainty Fertility Decline in Post-Soviet Ust'-Avam, Siberia HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Demographic transition; Hunter-gatherers; Life history theory; Birth spacing; Birth stopping; Birth postponement UNITED-STATES; DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; DELAYED REPRODUCTION; NORTHERN SIBERIA; NATURAL DISASTER; DEVELOPED WORLD; ENVIRONMENTS; STRATEGIES; RUSSIA; BIRTH In the face of economic and political changes following the end of the Soviet Union, total fertility rates fell significantly across the post-Soviet world. In this study we examine the dramatic fertility transition in one community in which the total fertility rate fell from approximately five children per woman before 1993 to just over one child per woman a decade later. We apply hypotheses derived from evolutionary ecology and demography to the question of fertility transition in the post-Soviet period, focusing on an indigenous community (Ust'-Avam) in the Taimyr Region, northern Russia. We employ a mixed parametric accelerated failure-time model that allows comparison of age at first birth, interbirth interval, and reproductive postponement or cessation prior to and following 1993. We find that short-term reproductive delay alone does not explain the dramatic drop in fertility in Ust'-Avam. Age at first birth remains constant. Interbirth intervals increase moderately. The estimated fraction of women who have ceased or indefinitely postponed reproducing doubles (for parities 2 through 4) or triples (for nulliparous women). We caution against assuming that environmental harshness necessarily leads to earlier and more rapid reproduction. An evolutionary theory of fertility responses to acute environmental shocks remains relatively undeveloped. In such contexts it is possible that selection favors a conservative reproductive strategy while more information is learned about the new environment. When investigating fertility responses to environmental stressors we suggest researchers examine postponement and stopping behavior in addition to changes in age at first birth and interbirth interval. [Nolin, David A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, 112 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA; [Nolin, David A.] Univ Missouri, Life Sci & Soc Program, 112 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA; [Ziker, John P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1910 Univ Dr,MS 1950, Boise, ID 83725 USA Nolin, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anthropol, 112 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.; Nolin, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Life Sci & Soc Program, 112 Swallow Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. nolind@missouri.edu American Council of Teachers of Russian; International Research and Exchanges Board; National Science Foundation [OPP 9528936, OPP 0631970]; L.B.S. Leakey Foundation; Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology This research would not have been possible without the hospitality, goodwill, and cooperation of the people of the study community in the Taimyr Region. Thanks to Mary Shenk for helpful comments on earlier versions of this analysis, to Darryl Holman for assistance with his mle event-history analysis programming language, and to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Funding for this research was provided by the American Council of Teachers of Russian (1993, 1996, and 2001), the International Research and Exchanges Board (1996), the National Science Foundation (1997) (OPP 9528936), the L.B.S. Leakey Foundation (2001), the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology (2003), and the National Science Foundation (2006) (OPP 0631970). This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review boards at U Alaska Fairbanks and Boise State University, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its amendments or comparable ethical standards. All conclusions are our own. 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DEC 2016 27 4 SI 351 371 10.1007/s12110-016-9267-6 21 Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences EC5WW WOS:000388209000002 27595735 2018-11-12 J Loehle, C Loehle, Craig Biomechanical constraints on tree architecture TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION English Article Allocation; Allometry; Biomechanics; Crown shape; Evolution; Mechanical support; Mortality; Wind EFFECTIVE LEAF AREA; PIPE MODEL-THEORY; TERMINALIA-BRANCHING PATTERN; CROWN ARCHITECTURE; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; SIMULATION-MODEL; WIND DAMAGE; FOREST; GEOMETRY; GROWTH Mechanical properties of wood constrain most conifers to an excurrent form and limit the width of tree crowns. Development of support tissue alters allometric relations during ontogeny. Biomechanical constraints on tree architecture are explored. Torque on a tree branch is a multiplicative function of mass and moment arm. As such, the need for support rises faster than branch length, which leads to increased taper as branch size increases. This violates assumptions of models, such as the pipe-model theory, for large trees and causes changing allometry with tree size or exposure. Thus, assumptions about optimal design for light capture, self-similarity, or optimal hydraulic architecture need to be modified to account for mechanical constraints and costs. In particular, it is argued that mechanical limitations of compression wood in conifers prevent members of this taxon from developing large branches. With decurrent form ruled out (for larger species), only a conical or excurrent form can develop. Wind is shown to be a major mortality risk for trees. Adaptations for wind include dynamic responses of wood properties and height. It is argued that an adaptation to wind could be the development of an open crown in larger trees to let the wind penetrate, thereby reducing wind-throw risk. It is thus argued that crown shape and branching may result not just from optimal light capture considerations but also from adaptation to and response to wind as well as from mechanical constraints. Results have implications for allometric theory, life history theory, and simulations of tree architecture. 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Funct. DEC 2016 30 6 2061 2070 10.1007/s00468-016-1433-2 10 Forestry Forestry EB9NX WOS:000387723300014 2018-11-12 J Dahlgren, JP; Colchero, F; Jones, OR; Oien, DI; Moen, A; Sletvold, N Dahlgren, Johan Petter; Colchero, Fernando; Jones, Owen R.; Oien, Dag-Inge; Moen, Asbjorn; Sletvold, Nina Actuarial senescence in a long-lived orchid challenges our current understanding of ageing PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article demographic senescence; demography; life-history theory; mortality; rate of ageing; survival-reproduction trade-off MORTALITY PLATEAUS; LIFE-HISTORY; AGE; REPRODUCTION; COSTS; SURVIVAL; DEMOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; PLANTS The dominant evolutionary theory of actuarial senescence-an increase in death rate with advancing age-is based on the concept of a germ cell line that is separated from the somatic cells early in life. However, such a separation is not clear in all organisms. This has been suggested to explain the paucity of evidence for actuarial senescence in plants. We used a 32 year study of Dactylorhiza lapponica that replaces its organs each growing season, to test whether individuals of this tuberous orchid senesce. We performed a Bayesian survival trajectory analysis accounting for reproductive investment, for individuals under two types of land use, in two climatic regions. The mortality trajectory was best approximated by a Weibull model, showing clear actuarial senescence. Rates of senescence in this model declined with advancing age, but were slightly higher in mown plots and in the more benign climatic region. At older ages, senescence was evident only when accounting for a positive effect of reproductive investment on mortality. Our results demonstrate actuarial senescence as well as a survival-reproduction trade-off in plants, and indicate that environmental context may influence senescence rates. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the evolution of demographic senescence and for models of plant population dynamics. [Dahlgren, Johan Petter; Colchero, Fernando; Jones, Owen R.] Univ Southern Denmark, Max Planck Odense Ctr Biodemog Aging, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; [Dahlgren, Johan Petter; Jones, Owen R.] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; [Colchero, Fernando] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; [Oien, Dag-Inge; Moen, Asbjorn] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Dept Nat Hist, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Sletvold, Nina] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Dahlgren, JP (reprint author), Univ Southern Denmark, Max Planck Odense Ctr Biodemog Aging, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.; Dahlgren, JP (reprint author), Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. dahlgren@biology.sdu.dk Colchero, Fernando/0000-0001-8613-4568 Research Council of Norway; Directorate for Nature Management; Max Planck Society; Swedish Research Council Formas The field study was conducted with financial support from the Research Council of Norway and the Directorate for Nature Management (to A.M. and D.I.O.). J.P.D., F.C. and O.R.J. acknowledge funding by the Max Planck Society and N.S. by the Swedish Research Council Formas. 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NOV 16 2016 283 1842 20161217 10.1098/rspb.2016.1217 8 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology ED2ZL WOS:000388718700003 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Hoenig, JM; Then, AYH; Babcock, EA; Hall, NG; Hewitt, DA; Hesp, SA Hoenig, John M.; Then, Amy Y. -H.; Babcock, Elizabeth A.; Hall, Norman G.; Hewitt, David A.; Hesp, Sybrand A. The logic of comparative life history studies for estimating key parameters, with a focus on natural mortality rate ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE English Article biological reference points; data selection bias; empirical relationships; F-msy; hierarchical Bayesian models; indirect methods; intrinsic rate of population growth; life history correlates; mixed effects models; steepness parameter; stock-recruit relationships BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; FISH STOCKS; MORPHOEDAPHIC INDEX; GROWTH-PARAMETERS; SPECIES RICHNESS; TEMPERATURE; METAANALYSIS; INFORMATION; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES There are a number of key parameters in population dynamics that are difficult to estimate, such as natural mortality rate, intrinsic rate of population growth, and stock-recruitment relationships. Often, these parameters of a stock are, or can be, estimated indirectly on the basis of comparative life history studies. That is, the relationship between a difficult to estimate parameter and life history correlates is examined over a wide variety of species in order to develop predictive equations. The form of these equations may be derived from life history theory or simply be suggested by exploratory data analysis. Similarly, population characteristics such as potential yield can be estimated by making use of a relationship between the population parameter and bio-chemico-physical characteristics of the ecosystem. Surprisingly, little work has been done to evaluate how well these indirect estimators work and, in fact, there is little guidance on how to conduct comparative life history studies and how to evaluate them. We consider five issues arising in such studies: (i) the parameters of interest may be ill-defined idealizations of the real world, (ii) true values of the parameters are not known for any species, (iii) selecting data based on the quality of the estimates can introduce a host of problems, (iv) the estimates that are available for comparison constitute a non-random sample of species from an ill-defined population of species of interest, and (v) the hierarchical nature of the data (e.g. stocks within species within genera within families, etc., with multiple observations at each level) warrants consideration. We discuss how these issues can be handled and how they shape the kinds of questions that can be asked of a database of life history studies. [Hoenig, John M.; Then, Amy Y. -H.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA; [Then, Amy Y. -H.] Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Fac Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; [Babcock, Elizabeth A.] Univ Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA; [Hall, Norman G.] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Fish & Fisheries Res, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; [Hall, Norman G.; Hesp, Sybrand A.] Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, Dept Fisheries, POB 20, Perth, WA 6920, Australia; [Hewitt, David A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, 2795 Anderson Ave Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA Hoenig, JM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. hoenig@vims.edu Hewitt, David/0000-0002-5387-0275 NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Grant; Virginia Sea Grant; Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education-University of Malaya; NOAA grant through the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies at the University of Miami [NA150AR4320064] This study was funded by an NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Grant awarded to the Southeast Fisheries Science Centre and was supported by Virginia Sea Grant and by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education-University of Malaya scholarship awarded to A.Y.-H.T. 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Mar. Sci. NOV 2016 73 10 2453 2467 10.1093/icesjms/fsw089 15 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography EW3DW WOS:000402376300003 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Caudell, M; Quinlan, R Caudell, Mark; Quinlan, Robert Life-history theory and climate change: resolving population and parental investment paradoxes Royal Society Open Science English Article life-history theory; climate change; ecological psychology; sustainability; environmental risk CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; CO2 EMISSIONS; UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; FUTURE ORIENTATION; TIME PERSPECTIVE; K-SELECTION; R-SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT; DETERMINANTS Population growth in the next half-century is on pace to raise global carbon emissions by half. Carbon emissions are associated with fertility as a by-product of somatic and parental investment, which is predicted to involve time orientation/preference as a mediating psychological mechanism. Here, we draw upon life-history theory (LHT) to investigate associations between future orientation and fertility, and their impacts on carbon emissions. We argue 'K-strategy' life history (LH) in high-income countries has resulted in parental investment behaviours involving future orientation that, paradoxically, promote unsustainable carbon emissions, thereby lowering the Earth's K or carrying capacity. Increasing the rate of approach towards this capacity are 'r-strategy' LHs in low-income countries that promote population growth. We explore interactions between future orientation and development that might slow the rate of approach towards global K. Examination of 67 000 individuals across 75 countries suggests that future orientation interacts with the relationship between environmental risk and fertility and with development related parental investment, particularly investment in higher education, to slow population growth and mitigate per capita carbon emissions. Results emphasize that LHT will be an important tool in understanding the demographic and consumption patterns that drive anthropogenic climate change. [Caudell, Mark] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA; [Quinlan, Robert] Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA Caudell, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. mcaudell@vetmed.wsu.edu NSF EEID [DEB1216040]; Washington State University M.C. is a postdoctoral researcher whose work is funded by an NSF EEID grant (DEB1216040). Washington State University supported the work of R.Q. as an academic staff member. 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NOV 2016 3 11 160470 10.1098/rsos.160470 8 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics EE0DR WOS:000389244400023 28018631 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Fayet, AL; Freeman, R; Shoji, A; Kirk, HL; Padget, O; Perrins, CM; Guilford, T Fayet, Annette L.; Freeman, Robin; Shoji, Akiko; Kirk, Holly L.; Padget, Oliver; Perrins, Chris M.; Guilford, Tim Carry-over effects on the annual cycle of a migratory seabird: an experimental study JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article cost of reproduction; cross-fostering; etho-informatics; geolocation; life-history theory; migration; phenology SHEARWATERS PUFFINUS-PUFFINUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MANX SHEARWATER; ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; PELAGIC SEABIRD; LONG-DISTANCE; EGG-SIZE; WINTER; BIRD 1. Long-lived migratory animals must balance the cost of current reproduction with their own condition ahead of a challenging migration and future reproduction. In these species, carry-over effects, which occur when events in one season affect the outcome of the subsequent season, may be particularly exacerbated. However, how carry-over effects influence future breeding outcomes and whether (and how) they also affect behaviour during migration and wintering is unclear. 2. Here we investigate carry-over effects induced by a controlled, bidirectional manipulation of the duration of reproductive effort on the migratory, wintering and subsequent breeding behaviour of a long-lived migratory seabird, the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus. By cross-fostering chicks of different age between nests, we successfully prolonged or shortened by similar to 25% the chick-rearing period of 42 breeding pairs. We tracked the adults with geolocators over the subsequent year and combined migration route data with at-sea activity budgets obtained from high-resolution saltwater-immersion data. Migratory behaviour was also recorded during non-experimental years (the year before and/or two years after manipulation) for a subset of birds, allowing comparison between experimental and non-experimental years within treatment groups. 3. All birds cared for chicks until normal fledging age, resulting in birds with a longer breeding period delaying their departure on migration; however, birds that finished breeding earlier did not start migrating earlier. Increased reproductive effort resulted in less time spent at the wintering grounds, a reduction in time spent resting daily and a delayed start of breeding with lighter eggs and chicks and lower breeding success the following breeding season. Conversely, reduced reproductive effort resulted in more time resting and less time foraging during the winter, but a similar breeding phenology and success compared with control birds the following year, suggesting that 'positive' carry-over effects may also occur but perhaps have a less long-lasting impact than those incurred from increased reproductive effort. 4. Our results shed light on how carry-over effects can develop and modify an adult animal's behaviour year-round and reveal how a complex interaction between current and future reproductive fitness, individual condition and external constraints can influence life-history decisions. [Fayet, Annette L.; Shoji, Akiko; Kirk, Holly L.; Padget, Oliver; Guilford, Tim] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford Nav Grp, Oxford, England; [Freeman, Robin] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London, England; [Perrins, Chris M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford, England Fayet, AL; Guilford, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford Nav Grp, Oxford, England. annette.fayet@gmail.com; tim.guilford@zoo.ox.ac.uk Fayet, Annette/0000-0001-6373-0500; Kirk, Holly/0000-0002-8724-3210 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Microsoft Research Cambridge; British Council; Mary Griffiths Foundation; British Federation for Women Graduates; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [1095480] We thank Philip Collins, Jennifer Roberts, Ben Dean, Will Whittington, Nia Stevens, Marwa Kavelaars, Ignacio Juarez-Martinez, Lewis Yates, Sarah Bond and many other volunteers for their invaluable help in the field, and Chris Taylor, Birgitta Buche, Eddie Stubbings and the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales for their support and for allowing us to carry out this study on Skomer. We are grateful to colleagues from the OxNav group, Rhiannon Meier and Nick Golding for helpful discussion on this manuscript. A.F. was funded by scholarships from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Microsoft Research Cambridge, the British Council, the Mary Griffiths Foundation and the British Federation for Women Graduates. 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Anim. Ecol. NOV 2016 85 6 1516 1527 10.1111/1365-2656.12580 12 Ecology; Zoology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology EC7XK WOS:000388354200011 27576353 Other Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Paterson, JT; Rotella, JJ; Mannas, JM; Garrott, RA Paterson, John T.; Rotella, Jay J.; Mannas, Jennifer M.; Garrott, Robert A. Patterns of age-related change in reproductive effort differ in the pre-natal and post-natal periods in a long-lived mammal JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article Antarctica; reproductive allocation; Ross Sea; senescence; terminal allocation; Weddell seal SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; OFFSPRING SEX-RATIO; MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS; WEDDELL SEALS; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; BODY-MASS; RED DEER; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; EREBUS BAY 1. Age-related changes in maternal reproductive allocation for long-lived species are a key prediction from life-history theory. 2. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that allocation may increase with age due to constraint (increases with experience) or restraint (increases with age in the face of declining residual reproductive value), and may decrease among the oldest aged animals due to senescence in reproductive function. 3. Here, we use a hierarchical modelling approach to investigate the age-related patterns of change in maternal reproductive effort in the Weddell seal, a long-lived marine mammal with a protracted period of maternal care during which mothers allocate a large proportion of body mass while feeding little. 4. We find that maternal allocation increases with age for young mothers during both the pre-natal and post-natal periods. In contrast, older mothers demonstrate a senescent decline in pre-natal allocation but allocate more of their declining resources to their offspring during the post-natal period. We also find strong evidence for the importance of individual effects in reproductive allocation among mothers: some mothers consistently produce heavier (or lighter) pups than expected. 5. Our results indicate that maternal allocation changes over a mother's reproductive life span and that age-specific differences differ in notable ways in pre-natal and post-natal periods. [Paterson, John T.; Rotella, Jay J.; Mannas, Jennifer M.; Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Mannas, Jennifer M.] Progress Anim Welf Soc, Lynnwood, WA 98046 USA Paterson, JT (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. terrillpaterson@gmail.com National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [ANT-1141326]; NSF We thank the many graduate students and field technicians who have collected data on this project. 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Anim. Ecol. NOV 2016 85 6 1540 1551 10.1111/1365-2656.12577 12 Ecology; Zoology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology EC7XK WOS:000388354200013 27448960 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Belsky, J; Shalev, I Belsky, Jay; Shalev, Idan Contextual adversity, telomere erosion, pubertal development, and health: Two models of accelerated aging, or one? DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY English Article EARLY-LIFE STRESS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR GENE; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; CHILDHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST-CANCER; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY Two independent lines of inquiry suggest that growing up under conditions of contextual adversity (e.g., poverty and household chaos) accelerates aging and undermines long-term health. Whereas work addressing the developmental origins of health and disease highlights accelerated-aging effects of contextual adversity on telomere erosion, that informed by an evolutionary analysis of reproductive strategies highlights such effects with regard to pubertal development (in females). That both shorter telomeres early in life and earlier age of menarche are associated with poor health later in life raises the prospect, consistent with evolutionary life-history theory, that these two bodies of theory and research are tapping into the same evolutionary-developmental process whereby longer term health costs are traded off for increased probability of reproducing before dying via a process of accelerated aging. Here we make the case for such a claim, while highlighting biological processes responsible for these effects, as well as unknowns in the epigenetic equation that might instantiate these contextually regulated developmental processes. 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Psychopathol. NOV 2016 28 4 2 1367 1383 10.1017/S0954579416000900 17 Psychology, Developmental Psychology EB6OP WOS:000387504400012 27688015 2018-11-12 J Rubach, K; Wu, MY; Abebe, A; Dobson, FS; Murie, JO; Viblanc, VA Rubach, Kristin; Wu, Mingyan; Abebe, Asheber; Dobson, F. Stephen; Murie, Jan O.; Viblanc, Vincent A. Testing the reproductive and somatic trade-off in female Columbian ground squirrels ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Capital breeding; Columbian ground squirrels; energy allocation; income breeding; reproductive allocation LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS; LITTER SIZE; SPERMOPHILUS-COLUMBIANUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; BODY-MASS; COSTS; EVOLUTION; SUCCESS; ENERGY; CONSEQUENCES Energetic trade-offs in resource allocation form the basis of life-history theory, which predicts that reproductive allocation in a given season should negatively affect future reproduction or individual survival. We examined how allocation of resources differed between successful and unsuccessful breeding female Columbian ground squirrels to discern any effects of resource allocation on reproductive and somatic efforts. We compared the survival rates, subsequent reprodction, and mass gain of successful breeders (females that successfully weaned young) and unsuccessful breeders (females that failed to give birth or wean young) and investigated carryover effects to the next year. Starting capital was an important factor influencing whether successful reproduction was initiated or not, as females with the lowest spring emergence masses did not give birth to a litter in that year. Females that were successful and unsuccessful at breeding in oneyear, however, were equally likely to be successful breeders in the next year and at very similar litter sizes. Although successful and unsuccessful breeding females showed no difference in over winter survival, females that failed to wean a litter gained additional mass during the season when they failed. The next year, those females had increased energy capital in the spring, leading to larger litter sizes. Columbian ground squirrels appear to act as income breeders that also rely on stored capital to increase their propensity for future reproduction. Failed breeders in oneyear prepare for future reproduction by accumulating additional mass, which is carried over to the subsequent reproductive season. [Rubach, Kristin; Dobson, F. Stephen] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36840 USA; [Wu, Mingyan; Abebe, Asheber] Auburn Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Auburn, AL 36840 USA; [Murie, Jan O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Viblanc, Vincent A.] Univ Strasbourg, DEPE, IPHC, 23 Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France; [Viblanc, Vincent A.] CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 7178, F-67087 Strasbourg, France Viblanc, VA (reprint author), Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Dept Ecol, Physiol, Ethol, Strasbourg, France. vincent.viblanc@iphc.cnrs.fr Abebe, Ash/C-3681-2014; Murie, Jan/F-3663-2014 Abebe, Ash/0000-0001-5759-2383; Murie, Jan/0000-0002-2658-4986; Viblanc, Vincent/0000-0002-4953-659X Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant; National Science Foundation grant [DEB-0089473]; CNRS Projet International de Cooperation Scientifique grant [PICS-07143] Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant; National Science Foundation grant (DEB-0089473), CNRS Projet International de Cooperation Scientifique grant (PICS-07143). 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Clarifying habitat niche width using broad-scale, hierarchical occupancy models: a case study with a recovering mesocarnivore JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY English Article habitat niche; Bayesian analysis; hierarchical occupancy models; Martes martes; specialist-generalist; trap happiness; camera traps MARTEN MARTES-MARTES; PINE MARTEN; ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; SELECTION; DIET; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS A species' habitat niche width informs its position on the generalist-specialist continuum, which is central to life-history theory and crucial to conservation planning. However, assessments of niche width are often based on local-scale studies or qualitative descriptions rather than broad, quantitative assessments conducted in heterogeneous landscapes. Here, we show how broad-scale, hierarchical occupancy models can clarify a species' niche width and degree of habitat specialism by evaluating the woodland-specialist classification of the European pine marten Martes martes. We deployed 526 camera-trap stations at 27 sites throughout a vast extent (similar to 50000km(2)) in Scotland and modeled pine marten occupancy as a function of habitat characteristics using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Our model was flexible to trap happiness due to baiting at camera traps and accounted for spatial autocorrelation among and imperfect detection at camera-trap stations. We detected a positive association between pine marten occupancy probability and wooded habitats. However, pine marten occupancy probability was also high in numerous non-wooded habitats, including agricultural land, heather and heather grassland, semi-natural grassland and areas near anthropogenic structures. Our study is the first to record high pine marten occupancy in open habitats at broad spatial scales and thereby corroborates recent smaller scale indications that pine martens are more of a habitat generalist than previously thought. Our results guide ongoing conservation efforts by identifying that pine martens are not strict woodland specialists, but rather inhabit a mosaic of habitat types in the landscape. More broadly, our case study exemplifies how coupling hierarchical occupancy models with large-scale experimental designs can clarify a species' niche width and associated position on the generalist-specialist continuum. [Moll, R. J.; Montgomery, R. A.; Abade, L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd,Room 14, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Kilshaw, K.; Montgomery, R. A.; Abade, L.; Campbell, R. D.; Harrington, L. A.; Macdonald, D. W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney, Oxon, England; [Millspaugh, J. J.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA; [Birks, J. D. S.] Swift Ecol Ltd, West Malvern, Worcs, England Moll, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd,Room 14, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. rjmoll@msu.edu Michigan State University via University Distinguished Fellowship; Ambrose Patullo Fund for Environmental Issues; Vera. M. Wallach Fellowship; National Science Foundation; Recanti-Kaplan Foundation; European Nature Trust; People's Trust for Endangered Species; Aspinall Foundation; Scottish Natural Heritage; Royal Zoological Society of Scotland R.J.M. is grateful for funding from Michigan State University via a University Distinguished Fellowship, the Ambrose Patullo Fund for Environmental Issues and the Vera. M. Wallach Fellowship and for a Graduate Research Fellowship provided by the National Science Foundation. We are also grateful for the support of the Recanti-Kaplan Foundation, the European Nature Trust, the People's Trust for Endangered Species, the Aspinall Foundation (K.K. and D.W.M.), Scottish Natural Heritage (K.K.) and the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (K.K., R.D.C.). M. Bruce, C. McClean, V. Hilton, A. Mitchell, S. Hinshelwood, D. Calder, G. Cumming, B. MacDonald, J. Bain, T. MacDonell, F. Law, Lord Moray, A. W. Featherstone, S. Morris, E. Cameron, G. Vestey, C. Ross, J. Tulloch, G., L. Suggett, P. Crome, A. Henderson, Lord Thurso, P. Sinclair, J., W. Cameron, M. Mitchell, A. Robertson, R. Dennis, A. Davis and R. Scott generously provided access to their land. We thank staff at the Forestry Commission Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, National Trust for Scotland, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Woodland Trust, Scottish Wildlife Trust and Scottish Wildcat Association. We thank E. Zipkin for modeling guidance and X. Lambin, E. 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Zool. NOV 2016 300 3 177 185 10.1111/jzo.12369 9 Zoology Zoology EB1QR WOS:000387130000003 2018-11-12 J Rollinson, N; Rowe, L Rollinson, Njal; Rowe, Locke The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life-history puzzle BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS English Article body size; life-history theory; investment per offspring; egg size; propagule size; seed size; fecundity; condition-dependence; parental care; parent-offspring conflict OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; TURTLE CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; NUMBER TRADE-OFF; PARENTAL CARE; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; CLUTCH SIZE; FEMALE SIZE; BODY-SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY The evolution of investment per offspring (I) is often viewed through the lens of the classic theory, in winch variation among individuals in a population is not expected. A substantial departure from this prediction arises in the form of correlations between maternal body size and I, which are observed within populations in virtually all taxonomic groups. Based on the generality of this observation, we suggest it is caused by a common underlying mechanism. We pursue a unifying explanation for this pattern by reviewing all theoretical models that attempt to explain it. We assess the generality of the mechanism upon which each model is based, and the extent to which data support its predictions. Two classes of adaptive models are identified: models that assume that the correlation arises from maternal influences on the relationship between I and offspring fitness [w(I)], and those that assume that maternal size influences the relationship between I and maternal fitness [W(I)]. The weight of evidence suggests that maternal influences on w(/) are probably not very general, and even for taxa where maternal influences onw(I) are likely, experiments fail to support model predictions. Models that assume that 617(1) varies with maternal size appear to offer more generality, but the current challenge is to identify a specific and general mechanism upon which UV) varies predictably with maternal size. Recent theory suggests the exciting, possibility that a yet unknown mechanism modifies the offspring, size number trade-off function in a manner that is predictable With respect to maternal size, such that w(I) varies with size. We identify two promising avenues of inquiry. First, the trade-off might be modified by energetic costs that are associated with the initiation of reproduction ('overhead costs) and that scale with I, and future work could investigate what specific overhead costs are generally associated with reproduction and whether these costs scale with w(I) Second, the trade-off might be modified by virtue of condition-dependent offspring provisioning coupled with metabolic, factors, and future work could investigate the proximate cause of, and generality of, condition-dependent offspring provisioning. Filially, drawing on the existing literature, we suggest that maternal size per se is not causatively related to variation in 1, and the mechanism involved in the correlation is instead linked to maternal nutritional status or maternal condition, which is usually correlated \yith maternal size. Using manipulative experiments to elucidate why females with high nutritional status typically produce large offspring might help explain what specific mechanism underlies the maternal-size correlation. [Rollinson, Njal; Rowe, Locke] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada Rollinson, N (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. njal.rollinson@gmail.com University of Toronto Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Postdoctoral Fellowship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSERC; Canada Research Chairs Program We thank J. Porter, two anonymous reviewers, and members of the Rowe lab for thought-provoking discussions on this topic. Funding to N.R. was provided by a University of Toronto Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Postdoctoral. Fellowship and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship. Funding to L.R. was provided by NSERC, and the Canada Research Chairs Program. 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Rev. NOV 2016 91 4 1134 1148 10.1111/brv.12214 15 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics DZ1AG WOS:000385570300015 26289842 2018-11-12 J Merrill, L; Baehl, EM; Ripple, KE; Benson, TJ Merrill, Loren; Baehl, Elizabeth M.; Ripple, Kaitlyn E.; Benson, Thomas J. Do Birds Alter Levels of Parental Investment Based on Nest-Site Habitat Features? ETHOLOGY English Article nest defense; parental investment; habitat gradient; shrubland; environmental cues; nest predation BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES; MOBBING BEHAVIOR; PREDATION RISK; DEFENSE; URBAN; FRAGMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; FLYCATCHER; SPARROWS Many habitats have undergone rapid changes over the past century as a result of anthropogenic activities. Organisms can respond to changes in their environment in many ways, including how much they invest in a given reproductive bout. Optimality theory and life history theory together have provided a framework for understanding how individuals make decisions about the risks and rewards of investing high levels of resources into their offspring within the context of current vs. future reproduction. Shrubland birds in the United States often breed in habitat that has been impacted by humans to varying degrees and provide an ideal system for examining whether organisms alter their levels of parental investment based on the habitat around the nest site. In this study, we assessed levels of nest-defense behavior during a simulated nest predation event in four shrubland birds: American robins (Turdus migratorius), gray catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis), brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum), and northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). We found that thrashers and catbirds exhibited significantly higher levels of nest defense compared to robins and cardinals and that birds with larger broods acted more aggressively in defending them. We also found that thrashers acted less aggressively as the proportion of shrubland around the nest increased and as the proportion of developed land around the nest decreased and that cardinals acted less aggressively as the proportion of developed land around the nest increased. These patterns suggest that nest-defense behavior can covary with features of the landscape surrounding the nest, but that the factors shaping that behavior can differ by species. [Merrill, Loren; Ripple, Kaitlyn E.; Benson, Thomas J.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61822 USA; [Baehl, Elizabeth M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA Merrill, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. loren21@illinois.edu USFWS; IDNR Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-181-R]; Illinois Natural History Survey We thank members of the field crews (Scott Chiavacci, Emilie Ospina, Michael Olsta, Jason Newton, Caitlin Elkins, Eric Peterson, Victoria Lima, Ohad Paris, Andy Ondrejecht, Lauren Novak, Price Dickson, Shannon Darcy, and Morgan Helfrich) for their assistance in nest searching and conducting simulated nest predation events. Thanks to Tara Stewart for help in the field and feedback on the manuscript. Thanks to Steve Buck for access to the University of Illinois' Vermillion River Observatory, Champaign County Forest Preserve District, Urbana Parks District and Derek Liebert, Forest Preserve District of Kane County, and Illinois Department of Natural Resources for use of their properties. Funding was provided by the USFWS and IDNR Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration grant number W-181-R to TJB and the Illinois Natural History Survey as part of a postdoctoral fellowship to LM. All procedures were approved by the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign IACUC under protocol number 14072. All authors declare no conflict of interests. 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Incorporating Development Into Evolutionary Psychology: Evolved Probabilistic Cognitive Mechanisms EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article evolutionary developmental psychology; life history theory; developmental plasticity; evolved cognitive mechanisms; evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms CHILDREN HOMO-SAPIENS; TOOL-USE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NEONATAL IMITATION; HUMAN INFANTS; LIFE-HISTORY; EXPERIMENTAL MICROCULTURES; ENCULTURATED CHIMPANZEES; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; SOCIAL COGNITION Developmental thinking is gradually becoming integrated within mainstream evolutionary psychology. This is most apparent with respect to the role of parenting, with proponents of life history theory arguing that cognitive and behavioral plasticity early in life permits children to select different life history strategies, with such strategies being adaptive solutions to different fitness trade-offs. I argue that adaptations develop and are based on the highly plastic nature of infants' and children's behavior/cognition/brains. The concept of evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms is introduced, defined as information processing mechanisms evolved to solve recurrent problems faced by ancestral populations that are expressed in a probabilistic fashion in each individual in a generation and are based on the continuous and bidirectional interaction over time at all levels of organization, from the genetic through the cultural. Early perceptual/cognitive biases result in behavior that, when occurring in a species-typical environment, produce continuous adaptive changes in behavior (and cognition), yielding adaptive outcomes. Examples from social learning and tool use are provided, illustrating the development of adaptations via evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms. The integration of developmental concepts into mainstream evolutionary psychology (and evolutionary concepts into mainstream developmental psychology) will provide a clearer picture of what it means to be human. 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Psychol. OCT-DEC 2016 14 4 10.1177/1474704916670166 14 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EG5RG WOS:000391101300002 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Bennett, MG; Whiles, MR; Whitledge, GW Bennett, Micah G.; Whiles, Matt R.; Whitledge, Gregory W. Population-level responses of life history traits to flow regime in three common stream fish species ECOHYDROLOGY English Article flow-ecology; reproduction; trait-based; functional trait FRESH-WATER FISH; HYDROLOGY CONSTRAIN; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; FRENCH STREAMS; SCALE ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; EGG NUMBER; STRATEGIES; ASSEMBLAGES Trait-based approaches may improve understanding in ecology by linking environmental variation to fitness-related characteristics of species. Most trait-environment studies focus on assemblage-level relationships; yet intraspecific trait variation is important for community, ecosystem, and evolutionary processes, and has substantial implications for these approaches. Assessing population-level trait-environment relationships could test the generality of trait models whilst assessing intraspecific variation. We evaluated the generality of the trilateral life history model (TLHM opportunistic, periodic, and equilibrium endpoints) for fishes - a well-studied trait-environment model at the assemblage level - to populations of three stream fishes in the Midwestern United States in relation to flow regime. The TLHM adequately described major trade-offs in traits amongst populations in all species. Some TLHM flow-based predictions were confirmed, with periodic traits (high fecundity) favoured at sites with greater flow seasonality and lower flow variability in two species, and equilibrium traits (large eggs) in more stable flow conditions in two species. Size at maturity was also inversely related to variability in one species. However, relationships contradicting the TLHM were also found. Coupled with the explanatory power of the TLHM for populations, supporting relationships suggest that synthesizing habitat template models with demographic life history theory could be valuable. Trait-environment models that are well-supported at multiple levels of biological organization could improve understanding of the impacts of environmental change on populations and communities and the valuable ecosystem services that they support. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Bennett, Micah G.; Whiles, Matt R.; Whitledge, Gregory W.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Zool, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Mail Code 6501, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA; [Whitledge, Gregory W.] Southern Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, 1125 Lincoln Dr,Mail Code 6511, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA Bennett, MG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. micahgbennett@yahoo.com Bennett, Micah/0000-0002-5806-3878 SIU NSF-IGERT Program in Watershed Science and Policy; Graduate Professional Student Council The SIU NSF-IGERT Program in Watershed Science and Policy and the Graduate Professional Student Council supported this research. Thanks to J. Adams, K. Baumann, A. Beattie, T. Egdorf, J. Fulgoni, H. Rantala, L. Shoup, and B. Zuniga-Cespedes for field help. Sampling was conducted with permits from IL, IN, KS, MN, MO, NE, OH, and IACUC. K. 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This study aims to assess how experience with sexual intercourse clusters across the social world of adolescents and whether predictors implicated by life history theory or personality traits can account for its between-individual variation and social patterning. Using data on 2877 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we ran logistic multiple classification models to assess the clustering of sexual experience by approximately 17.5 years in schools, neighbourhoods and friendship networks. We examined how much clustering at particular levels could be accounted for by life history predictors and Big Five personality factors. Sexual experience exhibited substantial clustering in friendship networks, while clustering at the level of schools and neighbourhoods was minimal, suggesting a limited role for socio-ecological influences at those levels. While life history predictors did account for some variation in sexual experience, they did not explain clustering in friendship networks. Personality, especially extraversion, explained about a quarter of friends' similarity. After accounting for life history factors and personality, substantial unexplained similarity among friends remained, which may reflect a tendency to associate with similar individuals or the social transmission of behavioural norms. [van Leeuwen, Abram J.; Mace, Ruth] UCL, Dept Anthropol, London, England van Leeuwen, AJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Anthropol, London, England. a.leeuwen@ucl.ac.uk Mace, Ruth/0000-0002-6137-7739 European Research Council [AdG 249347]; University College London Impact Studentship; Wellcome Trust [102215/2/13/2]; Medical Research Council [MC_PC_15018] This research was funded by the European Research Council (http://erc.europa.eu/; grant AdG 249347) and a University College London Impact Studentship awarded to the A.J.v.L. 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Soc. Open Sci. OCT 2016 3 10 160257 10.1098/rsos.160257 20 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics EE0CS WOS:000389241700014 27853543 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Hmieleski, KM; Lerner, DA Hmieleski, Keith M.; Lerner, Daniel A. The Dark Triad and Nascent Entrepreneurship: An Examination of Unproductive versus Productive Entrepreneurial Motives JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT English Article DISPOSITIONAL POSITIVE AFFECT; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; VENTURE PERFORMANCE; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; SOCIAL-EXCHANGE; DIRTY DOZEN; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; STATISTICAL CONTROL; CONTROL VARIABLES; FIRM PERFORMANCE This study examined relationships of the dark triad personality characteristics (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) with entrepreneurial intentions and motives. Results from samples of business undergraduates (N=508) and MBA students (N=234) found narcissism to be positively related to entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, results from subgroups of business undergraduates and MBA students high in entrepreneurial intentions (i.e., early-stage nascent entrepreneurs) indicated differences in motives for engaging in the startup process. Specifically, we found all facets of the dark triad to be positively associated with unproductive entrepreneurial motives, and observed differential associations of the dark triad characteristics with productive entrepreneurial motives. [Hmieleski, Keith M.] Texas Christian Univ, Neeley Sch Business, Entrepreneurship, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA; [Lerner, Daniel A.] Univ Deusto, Deusto Business Sch, Bilbao, Spain; [Lerner, Daniel A.] Univ Desarrollo, Concepcion, Chile Hmieleski, KM (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Management Entrepreneurship & Leadership, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. k.hmieleski@tcu.edu Hmieleski, Keith/0000-0001-5520-704X Adrian R., 2013, SOCIAL PERSONALITY P, V7, P199; AJZEN I, 1991, ORGAN BEHAV HUM DEC, V50, P179, DOI 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T; Akhtar R, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V54, P420, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.013; Anderson AR, 2011, INT SMALL BUS J, V29, P589, DOI 10.1177/0266242611416417; Antoncic B, 2015, J SMALL BUS MANAGE, V53, P819, DOI 10.1111/jsbm.12089; Babiak P., 2006, SNAKES SUITS PSYCHOP; Baron R. A., 2003, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAG, V13, P281, DOI DOI 10.1016/S1053-4822(03)00018-4; Baron R. 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OCT 2016 54 1 7 32 10.1111/jsbm.12296 26 Management Business & Economics EA8YT WOS:000386926900001 2018-11-12 J Sato, Y; Ruhr, PT; Schmitz, H; Egas, M; Blanke, A Sato, Yukie; Ruehr, Peter T.; Schmitz, Helmut; Egas, Martijn; Blanke, Alexander Age-dependent male mating tactics in a spider mite-A life-history perspective ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article alternative reproductive tactics; male mate competition; residual reproductive value; resource holding potential; Tetranychus urticae TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE; FIGHTING BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; ACARI; STRATEGIES; EXPERIENCE; EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; LEARN Males often fight with rival males for access to females. However, some males display nonfighting tactics such as sneaking, satellite behavior, or female mimicking. When these mating tactics comprise a conditional strategy, they are often thought to be explained by resource holding potential (RHP), that is, nonfighting tactics are displayed by less competitive males who are more likely to lose a fight. The alternative mating tactics, however, can also be explained by life-history theory, which predicts that young males avoid fighting, regardless of their RHP, if it pays off to wait for future reproduction. Here, we test whether the sneaking tactic displayed by young males of the two-spotted spider mite can be explained by life-history theory. We tested whether young sneaker males survive longer than young fighter males after a bout of mild or strong competition with old fighter males. We also investigated whether old males have a more protective outer skin-a possible proxy for RHP-by measuring cuticle hardness and elasticity using nanoindentation. We found that young sneaker males survived longer than young fighter males after mild male competition. This difference was not found after strong male competition, which suggests that induction of sneaking tactic is affected by male density. Hardness and elasticity of the skin did not vary with male age. Given that earlier work could also not detect morphometric differences between fighter and sneaker males, we conclude that there is no apparent increase in RHP with age in the mite and age-dependent male mating tactics in the mite can be explained only by life-history theory. Because it is likely that fighting incurs a survival cost, age-dependent alternative mating tactics may be explained by life-history theory in many species when reproduction of old males is a significant factor in fitness. [Sato, Yukie; Blanke, Alexander] Univ Tsukuba, Sugadaira Montane Res Ctr, Ueda, Nagano, Japan; [Sato, Yukie; Egas, Martijn] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Ruehr, Peter T.] Zool Forsch Museum Alexander Koenig, Zentrum Mol Biodiversitatsforsch, Bonn, Germany; [Schmitz, Helmut] Univ Bonn, Inst Zool, Bonn, Germany; [Blanke, Alexander] Univ Hull, Sch Engn, Med & Biol Engn Res Grp, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England Sato, Y (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Sugadaira Montane Res Ctr, Ueda, Nagano, Japan. uchietan@gmail.com Blanke, Alexander/H-9858-2013 Blanke, Alexander/0000-0003-4385-6039; Ruhr, Peter/0000-0003-2776-6172; Sato, Yukie/0000-0003-0573-0371 Royal Academy of Sciences (KNAW); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [P14071, S16080]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BL 1355/1-1]; University of Tsukuba Royal Academy of Sciences (KNAW); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant/Award Number: P14071 and S16080; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: BL 1355/1-1; University of Tsukuba Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Bates D, 2015, LME4 LINEAR MIXED EF; Bhushan B, 2003, INT MATER REV, V48, P125, DOI 10.1179/095066003225010227; BOUDREAUX HB, 1963, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V8, P137, DOI 10.1146/annurev.en.08.010163.001033; Brockmann HJ, 2001, ADV STUD BEHAV, V30, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-3454(01)80004-8; Candolin U, 2013, PLOS ONE, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0057992; Choh Y, 2012, SCI REP-UK, V2, DOI 10.1038/srep00728; CRESPI BJ, 1988, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V22, P293, DOI 10.1007/BF00299845; Drukker B, 2000, EXP APPL ACAROL, V24, P881, DOI 10.1023/A:1010645720829; Egas M, 2003, EXP APPL ACAROL, V30, P233, DOI 10.1023/B:APPA.0000006512.26242.39; Fawcett TW, 2010, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V277, P1427, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2009.2088; FISHER R. 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OCT 2016 6 20 7367 7374 10.1002/ece3.2489 8 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology EA2NA WOS:000386429200019 28725404 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Neggazi, SA; Noreikiene, K; Ost, M; Jaatinen, K Neggazi, Sara A.; Noreikiene, Kristina; Ost, Markus; Jaatinen, Kim Reproductive investment is connected to innate immunity in a long-lived animal OECOLOGIA English Article Bacteria-killing capacity; H/L ratio; Immunosuppression; Incubation stage; Somateria mollissima; Trade-offs EIDERS SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; COMMON EIDERS; TREE SWALLOWS; CLUTCH SIZE; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; BREEDING EIDERS; INCUBATION FAST; FEMALE Life-history theory predicts that organisms optimize their resource allocation strategy to maximize lifetime reproductive success. Individuals can flexibly reallocate resources depending on their life-history stage, and environmental and physiological factors, which lead to variable life-history strategies even within species. Physiological trade-offs between immunity and reproduction are particularly relevant for long-lived species that need to balance current reproduction against future survival and reproduction, but their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A major unresolved issue is whether the first-line innate immune function is suppressed by reproductive investment. In this paper, we tested if reproductive investment is associated with the suppression of innate immunity, and how this potential trade-off is resolved depending on physiological state and residual reproductive value. We used long-lived capital-breeding female eiders (Somateria mollissima) as a model. We showed that the innate immune response, measured by plasma bacteria-killing capacity (BKC), was negatively associated with increasing reproductive investment, i.e., with increasing clutch size and advancing incubation stage. Females in a better physiological state, as indexed by low heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratios, showed higher BKC during early incubation, but this capacity decreased as incubation progressed, whereas females in poorer state showed low BKC capacity throughout incubation. Although plasma BKC generally declined with increasing H/L ratios, this decrease was most pronounced in young females. Our results demonstrate that reproductive investment can suppress constitutive first-line immune defence in a long-lived bird, but the degree of immunosuppression depends on physiological state and age. [Neggazi, Sara A.; Noreikiene, Kristina] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Ecol Genet Res Unit, Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Ost, Markus] Abo Akad Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Environm & Marine Biol, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland; [Ost, Markus; Jaatinen, Kim] Novia Univ Appl Sci, Coastal Zone Res Team, Raseborgsvagen 9, Ekenas 10600, Finland Noreikiene, K (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biosci, Ecol Genet Res Unit, Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. kriste.noreikiene@gmail.com Ost, Markus/C-7376-2008 Ost, Markus/0000-0002-2205-1437 Academy of Finland [266208, 1265211]; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Walter and Andree de Nottbeck foundation; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica; Otto A. Malm foundation; Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland We thank Heikki Eriksson, Ben Steele, Petteri Lehikoinen, Martin Seltmann, and James Montanari for their efforts in the field. We are also grateful to Tuomas Ojalehto for his valuable advice on performing BKC assays and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. Tvarminne Zoological Station provided excellent facilities. The study was funded by The Academy of Finland (Grant # 266208 to KJ and # 1265211 to Juha Merila which supported the work of KN), The Finnish Cultural Foundation (KJ and KN), Walter and Andree de Nottbeck foundation (SN), Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (KN), Otto A. Malm foundation (KN), and the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland (MO). 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Physical and Physiological Costs of Reproduction in Watersnakes COPEIA English Article RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; NORTHERN WATER SNAKES; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; VIVIPAROUS SNAKE; NERODIA-SIPEDON; GRAVID SNAKES; VIPERA-ASPIS; LIZARDS; THERMOREGULATION; CONSTRAINTS Estimating the cost of reproduction is pivotal to understanding the trade-off between current and future reproductive success, a key prediction in life-history theory. Increases in the cost of each reproductive attempt theoretically reduce future reproductive ability. Further, costs may change as individuals grow thus changing the nature of this trade-off. Measuring changes in female locomotor ability during reproduction has been one effective method to measure the cost of reproduction for females. We measured female Diamond-backed Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer) swimming speed during and after pregnancy to determine if there was a loss of locomotor ability. We then correlated these speeds with measures of reproductive burdening (as estimated by relative clutch mass) and body size to investigate if increased reproductive investment and body size changed locomotor ability and subsequent cost of reproduction. Female snakes swam slower during pregnancy than after. Larger relative clutch masses resulted in slower swimming speeds during pregnancy. Further, shorter individuals showed a greater decrease in swimming speed suggesting a greater cost of reproduction for smaller individuals. Lastly, we demonstrated that additional costs to locomotor ability may be incurred by the female due to weight loss during pregnancy from carrying the burden of reproductive material. [Chamberlain, Jeremy D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, 2601 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA; [Gifford, Matthew E.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA Chamberlain, JD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, 2601 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. jdchamberlai@ualr.edu; megifford@uca.edu Gifford, Matthew/0000-0003-1263-0010 [R-12-03]; [031220131] We thank A. Anderson, T. Clay, C. Korfel, M. Pollett, and A. Winters for their assistance in collecting snakes. We thank I. Clifton for his assistance in running swimming trials. We thank T. Persons for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Lastly, we thank the Basic Animal Services Unit at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock for allowing us to use their facilities. This project was covered under Institutional Animal Care protocol R-12-03 and Arkansas Game and Fish permit #031220131. 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Trade-offs among locomotor performance, reproduction and immunity in lizards FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article endurance; exercise; growth; life-history CRICKET GRYLLUS-FIRMUS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; CROTAPHYTUS-COLLARIS; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; FIELD CRICKETS; HOUSE SPARROWS; BODY CONDITION; FLIGHT-MUSCLE Life-history theory predicts that investment of acquired energetic resources to a particular trait denies those same resources from being allocated to a different trait, resulting in life-history trade-offs. Dynamic, whole-organism performance traits, including locomotor capacity, are key to fitness and fit within this framework. Such performance traits are typically energetically expensive, but are seldom integrated into life-history studies. We manipulated diet and allocation of resources to performance, via exercise training, to examine trade-offs among endurance capacity, growth, immune function and current reproductive investment. Captive green anole lizards were assigned to one of four treatment combinations across two factors (diet restricted or not and endurance trained or not) over the course of 9weeks. Our results show that both diet restriction and training dramatically suppressed reproduction and immune function, but there were opposing effects of diet restriction and training on growth. Elevated corticosterone from training was associated with suppression of immunity, and decreased fat stores from diet restriction were associated with suppressed reproduction in both sexes. Our results suggest that locomotor performance is an important part of energy allocation decisions and thus a key component of life-history trade-offs. 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Ecol. OCT 2016 30 10 1665 1674 10.1111/1365-2435.12653 10 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology DZ0EY WOS:000385511500006 2018-11-12 J Sommer, S; Reynolds, JJ; Kehn, A Sommer, Shannon; Reynolds, Joshua J.; Kehn, Andre Mock Juror Perceptions of Rape Victims: Impact of Case Characteristics and Individual Differences JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE English Article sexual assault; perceptions of rape victims; life history strategy LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; SEXUAL ASSAULT; K-FACTOR; MYTH ACCEPTANCE; COLLEGE-WOMEN; GENDER; BLAME; REVICTIMIZATION; RISK; ORIENTATION The purpose of the present study was to examine mock juror perceptions of rape victims based on the sex of the offender and victim (male offender/female victim vs. female offender/male victim), relationship to the offender (stranger vs. acquaintance vs. intimate partner), revictimization (no revictimization vs. revictimization), and individual differences in rape myth acceptance (RMA) and life history strategy (LHS). Participants (N = 332) read a vignette describing a forcible rape scenario and completed victim and perpetrator blame scales, the Mini-K, and a gender-neutral Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Results indicated increased victim blame in revictimization conditions, as well as female offender/male victim conditions. A significant mediation effect of LHS on victim blame through the indirect effect of RMA was found, which is predicted from life history theory. Implications of these findings are discussed. [Sommer, Shannon] Univ North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA; [Kehn, Andre] Univ North Dakota, Psychol, Grand Forks, ND USA; [Reynolds, Joshua J.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA Sommer, S (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, 319 Harvard St,POB 8380, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. smsommer@comcast.net Anderson I, 2007, BRIT J SOC PSYCHOL, V46, P225, DOI 10.1348/014466606X101780; Aosved AC, 2011, PSYCHOL MEN MASCULIN, V12, P285, DOI 10.1037/a0020828; Areh I, 2009, STUD PSYCHOL, V51, P85; BARNETT MA, 1992, J PSYCHOL, V126, P609, DOI 10.1080/00223980.1992.10543391; BARON RM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1173, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173; Bieneck S, 2011, J INTERPERS VIOLENCE, V26, P1785, DOI 10.1177/0886260510372945; BLUMBERG ML, 1991, ADOLESCENCE, V26, P727; Buhrmester M, 2011, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V6, P3, DOI 10.1177/1745691610393980; BURT MR, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V38, P217, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.217; Classen CC, 2005, TRAUMA VIOLENCE ABUS, V6, P103, DOI 10.1177/1524838005275087; Coxell AW, 2010, SEX RELATSH THER, V25, P380, DOI 10.1080/14681994.2010.518725; Cramer RJ, 2013, PSYCHOL PUBLIC POL L, V19, P355, DOI 10.1037/a0031404; Davies M, 2003, J COMMUNITY APPL SOC, V13, P391, DOI 10.1002/casp.741; Davies M, 2008, J HOMOSEXUAL, V55, P533, DOI 10.1080/00918360802345339; Doherty K, 2004, J COMMUNITY APPL SOC, V14, P85, DOI 10.1002/casp.765; Edwards KM, 2011, SEX ROLES, V65, P761, DOI 10.1007/s11199-011-9943-2; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; ELLIS L, 1988, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V9, P697, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(88)90059-1; FEILD HS, 1978, LAW HUMAN BEHAV, V2, P73, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF01040385; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2007, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V18, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF02820846; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Ford TM, 1998, J SOC BEHAV PERS, V13, P253; GIDYCZ CA, 1993, PSYCHOL WOMEN QUART, V17, P151, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00441.x; Gladden PR, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.003; Grubb A., 2009, J SEX AGGRESS, V15, P63, DOI [DOI 10.1080/13552600802641649, 10.1080/13552600802641649]; Hannon R, 2000, SEX ROLES, V43, P311, DOI 10.1023/A:1026643225329; Logan T, 2007, J INTERPERS VIOLENCE, V22, P1066, DOI 10.1177/0886260507302996; MacFarlane B. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Steffensmeier D, 2006, J QUANT CRIMINOL, V22, P241, DOI 10.1007/s10940-006-9010-2; Tjaden P., 2000, 13781 NCJ NAT I JUST; Tjaden P., 2006, 210346 NCJ NAT I JUS; Turchik JA, 2012, PSYCHOL MEN MASCULIN, V13, P211, DOI 10.1037/a0023207 52 3 3 6 25 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA 0886-2605 1552-6518 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE J. Interpers. Violence OCT 2016 31 17 2847 2866 10.1177/0886260515581907 20 Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology DV5HC WOS:000382956800004 25900913 2018-11-12 J Schuppli, C; Forss, SIF; Meulman, EJM; Zweifel, N; Lee, KC; Rukmana, E; Vogel, ER; van Noordwijk, MA; van Schaik, CP Schuppli, Caroline; Forss, Sofia I. F.; Meulman, Ellen J. M.; Zweifel, Nicole; Lee, Kevin C.; Rukmana, Evasari; Vogel, Erin R.; van Noordwijk, Maria A.; van Schaik, Carel P. Development of foraging skills in two orangutan populations: needing to learn or needing to grow? FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY English Article Body growth; Development; Diet repertoire; Feeding rates; Foraging skills; Life history; Needing-to-learn hypothesis; Ranging; Orangutans; Skill learning WILD SUMATRAN ORANGUTANS; LIFE-HISTORY; BORNEAN ORANGUTANS; SOCIAL INFLUENCES; CAPUCHIN MONKEYS; HUMAN BRAIN; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; GORILLA-GORILLA; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; CEBUS-APELLA Background: Orangutans have one of the slowest-paced life histories of all mammals. Whereas life-history theory suggests that the time to reach adulthood is constrained by the time needed to reach adult body size, the needing-to-learn hypothesis instead suggests that it is limited by the time needed to acquire adult-level skills. To test between these two hypotheses, we compared the development of foraging skills and growth trajectories of immature wild orangutans in two populations: at Tuanan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), Borneo, and Suaq Balimbing (Pongo abelii), Sumatra. We collected behavioral data on diet repertoire, feeding rates and ranging competence during focal follows, and estimated growth through non-invasive laser photogrammetry. Results: We found that adult-like diet repertoires are attained around the age of weaning and that female immatures increase their repertoire size faster than their male peers. Adult-level feeding rates of easy techniques are reached just after weaning, but several years later for more difficult techniques, albeit always before adulthood (i.e. age at first reproduction). Independent immatures had faster feeding rates for easy to process items than their mothers, with male immatures achieving faster feeding rates earlier in development relative to females. Sumatran immatures reach adult-level feeding rates 2-3 years later than their Bornean peers, in line with their higher dietary complexity and later weaning. The range-use competence of independently ranging and weaned immatures is similar to that of adult females. Body size measurements showed, immatures grow until female age of first reproduction. Conclusions: In conclusion, unlike in humans, orangutan foraging skills are in place prior to reproduction. Growth trajectories suggest that energetic constraints, rather than skills, best explain the length of immaturity. However, skill competence for dietary independence is reached later where the adult niche is more complex, which is consistent with the relatively later weaning age with increasing brain size found generally in primates, and apes in particular. [Schuppli, Caroline; Forss, Sofia I. F.; Meulman, Ellen J. M.; Zweifel, Nicole; Lee, Kevin C.; van Noordwijk, Maria A.; van Schaik, Carel P.] Univ Zurich, Dept Anthropol, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Rukmana, Evasari] Univ Nasl, Fak Biol, DKI, RT 14 RW 3, Jakarta, Indonesia; [Vogel, Erin R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Brunswick, NJ 08904 USA Schuppli, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Anthropol, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. caroline.schuppli@aim.uzh.ch Schuppli, Caroline/0000-0001-6318-2815 Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A-138368/1, 310030B-160363/1]; A.H. Schultz Foundation; Philadelphia ZOO; USAID [APS-497-11-000001]; University of Zurich This study was funded through Swiss National Science Foundation grant No. 31003A-138368/1 and No. 310030B-160363/1, as well as the A.H. Schultz Foundation, Philadelphia ZOO, USAID (APS-497-11-000001 to EV) and the University of Zurich. 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SEP 29 2016 13 43 10.1186/s12983-016-0178-5 17 Zoology Zoology DX4PW WOS:000384364600001 27708679 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J de Jong, TJ; Grebenstein, C; Tamis, WLM de Jong, Tom J.; Grebenstein, Cilia; Tamis, Wil L. M. Demography and life history of Daucus carota L. populations in the Netherlands FLORA English Article Carrot; Annual; Monocarpic perennial; Life history; Threshold size for flowering; Introgression CULTIVATED CARROTS; THRESHOLD SIZE; WILD; CROP; INTROGRESSION; PHENOLOGY; HYBRIDS; RISK In nature so-called 'biennial' plants often delay their life cycle, flowering in the third or fourth year, or even later. Life-history theory predicts that high rosette survival is associated with longer life histories. We test this in wild carrot (Daucus carota) populations along disturbed roadsides in the Netherlands, covering a range from unfertile to highly fertile soils. Only 24.2% of the plants behaved as biennial or monocarpic perennial. Most plants were winter (38.9%) or summer annual (36.8%). There was no significant association between life history and habitat, despite differences in mortality and soil fertility between the populations. Annual rosette survival was between 19% and 80%, indicating a high turnover of populations. As predicted by life history theory, the fraction summer annuals (the shortest life-cycle) decreased significantly with rosette survival. In five populations the fraction plants flowering increased with plant size in a similar manner, but in the North Holland dune population plants had a higher threshold size. The annual behaviour of the carrots is quite different from their monocarpic perennial life cycle described in other studies. Carrot cultivars may cross with wild carrots and in this way generation time of the offspring can be affected. We discuss how this may affect plant fitness in the wild. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. [de Jong, Tom J.; Grebenstein, Cilia] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, POB 9505, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; [Grebenstein, Cilia; Tamis, Wil L. M.] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci, POB 9518, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands t.j.de.jong@biology.leidenuniv.nl Dutch Ministry for the Environment [838.06.031]; Dutch Ministry for the Economic Affairs [838.06.031]; Dutch Ministry for the Agriculture [838.06.031]; Dutch Ministry for the Science and Education [838.06.031] Many thanks to Erik Gertenaar and Sonja Esch for helping with fieldwork. Thanks also go to Geert de Snoo for discussions. This work was supported by the research program 'Ecology Regarding Genetically Modified Organisms' (ERGO) No. 838.06.031 of the Dutch Ministries for the Environment, Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Science and Education, implemented by the Earth and Life Sciences Council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). 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A meta-analysis across experimental studies BIOLOGY LETTERS English Article early development; nutrition; caloric restriction; lifespan; meta-analysis GROWTH; SPAN; RESTRICTION; EVOLUTION; INSIGHTS; MODELS; HEALTH; RATES Life-history theory predicts that nutrition influences lifespan owing to trade-offs between allocating resources to reproduction, growth and repair. Despite occasional reports that early diet has strong effects on lifespan, it is unclear whether this prediction is generally supported by empirical studies. We conducted a meta-analysis across experimental studies manipulating pre- or post-natal diet and measuring longevity. We found no overall effect of early diet on lifespan. We used meta-regression, considering moderator variables based on experimental and life-history traits, to test predictions regarding the strength and direction of effects that could lead to positive or negative effects. Pre-natal diet manipulations reduced lifespan, but there were no effects of later diet, manipulation type, development mode, or sex. The results are consistent with the prediction that early diet restriction disrupts growth and results in increased somatic damage, which incurs lifespan costs. Our findings raise a cautionary note, however, for placing too strong an emphasis on early diet effects on lifespan and highlight limitations of measuring these effects under laboratory conditions. [English, Sinead; Uller, Tobias] Univ Oxford, Edward Grey Inst, Dept Zool, Oxford, England; [English, Sinead] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England; [Uller, Tobias] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Lund, Sweden English, S (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Edward Grey Inst, Dept Zool, Oxford, England.; English, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. sineadenglish@cantab.net English, Sinead/0000-0003-2898-2301 EU FP7 programme [259679]; Royal Society of London; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundations This research was funded by the EU FP7 programme (agreement 259679, IDEAL). S.E. and T.U. were supported by the Royal Society of London. T.U. received support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundations. 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A., 2002, LIFE HIST EVOLUTION; Saastamoinen M, 2013, OECOLOGIA, V171, P93, DOI 10.1007/s00442-012-2412-y; Sayer AA, 2002, P NUTR SOC, V61, P79, DOI 10.1079/PNS2001138; Speakman JR, 2015, ECOL EVOL, V5, pS745, DOI 10.1002/ece3.1790 27 5 5 2 23 ROYAL SOC LONDON 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND 1744-9561 1744-957X BIOL LETTERS Biol. Lett. SEP 2016 12 9 20160291 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0291 4 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology EA5GF WOS:000386646700016 27601722 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Moiron, M; Mathot, KJ; Dingemanse, NJ Moiron, Maria; Mathot, Kimberley J.; Dingemanse, Niels J. A multi-level approach to quantify speed-accuracy trade-offs in great tits (Parus major) BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY English Article decision-making behavior; multi-level variation; Parus major; personality; sampling; speed-accuracy trade-offs INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EXPLORATORY-BEHAVIOR; BODY-MASS; SELECTION; REPEATABILITY; PERSONALITY; PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION; PREDATION; COGNITION Are fast decisions less likely to be accurate? We tested for a trade-off between speed and accuracy in foraging great tits. We found support for a speed-accuracy trade-off among-individuals but not within-individuals. These findings thereby imply that these patterns were level-specific, and caused by multiple mechanisms acting simultaneously. This study may be used to guide further empirical studies focusing on level-specificity of relationships between behavioral and cognitive traits.Animals often face a conflict between the speed and accuracy by which a decision is made. Decisions taken quickly might be relatively inaccurate, whereas decisions taken more slowly might be more accurate. Such "speed-accuracy trade-offs" receive increasing attention in behavioral and cognitive sciences. Importantly, life-history theory predicts that trade-offs typically exist only at certain hierarchical levels, such as within rather than among individuals. We therefore examined within- and among-individual correlations in the speed and accuracy by which decisions are taken, using a foraging context in wild-caught great tits (Parus major) as a worked example. We find that great tits exhibit among-individual variation in speed-accuracy trade-offs: some individuals predictably made relatively slow but accurate decisions, whereas others were predictably faster but less accurate. We did not, however, find evidence for the trade-off at the within-individual level. These level-specific relationships imply that different mechanisms acted across levels. These findings highlight the need for future work on the integration of individual behavior and cognition across hierarchical levels. [Moiron, Maria; Dingemanse, Niels J.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Evolutionary Ecol Variat Grp, Eberhard Gwinner St 5, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany; [Mathot, Kimberley J.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Marine Ecol Dept, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands; [Dingemanse, Niels J.] Univ Munich, Dept Biol, Behav Ecol, Grosshaderner St 2, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany Moiron, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Evolutionary Ecol Variat Grp, Eberhard Gwinner St 5, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany. mmoiron@orn.mpg.de Mathot, Kimberley/A-2544-2017 Mathot, Kimberley/0000-0003-2021-1369 Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, Veni fellowship); Max Planck Society K.J.M. was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, Veni fellowship) and M.M., K.J.M. and N.J.D. were supported by the Max Planck Society. M.M. is a member of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS). 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SEP-OCT 2016 27 5 1539 1546 10.1093/beheco/arw077 8 Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology DX8PI WOS:000384650600036 2018-11-12 J Howard, SJ; Cook, CJ; Said-Mohamed, R; Norris, SA; Draper, CE Howard, Steven J.; Cook, Caylee J.; Said-Mohamed, Rihlat; Norris, Shane A.; Draper, Catherine E. The (Possibly Negative) Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Functions: Implications of the Changing Metabolic Costs of Brain Development JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH English Review nutrition; neuroscience; psychology; risks of exercise; youth RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LATINO PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGED 0-4 YEARS; SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; AEROBIC EXERCISE Background: An area of growth in physical activity research has involved investigating effects of physical activity on children's executive functions. Many of these efforts seek to increase the energy expenditure of young children as a healthy and low-cost way to affect physical, health, and cognitive outcomes. Methods: We review theory and research from neuroscience and evolutionary biology, which suggest that interventions seeking to increase the energy expenditure of young children must also consider the energetic trade-offs that occur to accommodate changing metabolic costs of brain development. Results: According to Life History Theory, and supported by recent evidence, the high relative energy-cost of early brain development requires that other energy-demanding functions of development (ie, physical growth, activity) be curtailed. This is important for interventions seeking to dramatically increase the energy expenditure of young children who have little excess energy available, with potentially negative cognitive consequences. Less energy-demanding physical activities, in contrast, may yield psychosocial and cognitive benefits while not overburdening an underweight child's already scarce energy supply. Conclusions: While further research is required to establish the extent to which increases in energy-demanding physical activities may compromise or displace energy available for brain development, we argue that action cannot await these findings. [Howard, Steven J.] Univ Wollongong, Early Start Res Inst, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; [Howard, Steven J.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Educ, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; [Cook, Caylee J.; Draper, Catherine E.] Univ Cape Town, Div Exercise Sci & Sports Med, Dept Human Biol, Fac Hlth Sci, Cape Town, South Africa; [Said-Mohamed, Rihlat; Norris, Shane A.; Draper, Catherine E.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, MRC Wits Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa Howard, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Early Start Res Inst, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.; Howard, SJ (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Educ, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. stevenh@uow.edu.au Howard, Steven/0000-0002-1258-3210 DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development Support for this paper was provided by the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development. 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Phys. Act. Health SEP 2016 13 9 1017 1022 10.1123/jpah.2015-0687 6 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Public, Environmental & Occupational Health DX3MA WOS:000384276000015 27172615 2018-11-12 J Tingley, R; Mahoney, PJ; Durso, AM; Tallian, AG; Moran-Ordonez, A; Beard, KH Tingley, Reid; Mahoney, Peter J.; Durso, Andrew M.; Tallian, Aimee G.; Moran-Ordonez, Alejandra; Beard, Karen H. Threatened and invasive reptiles are not two sides of the same coin GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY English Article Establishment success; extinction risk; human population density; invasion success; IUCN; threat status; traits EXTINCTION RISK; ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS; SPECIES TRAITS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND; DETERMINANTS; BIRDS; TRADE; PREDICTORS; GEOGRAPHY AimThe two sides of the same coin' hypothesis posits that biological traits that predispose species to extinction and invasion lie on opposite ends of a continuum. Conversely, anthropogenic factors may have similar effects on extinction and invasion risk. We test these two hypotheses using data on more than 1000 reptile species. LocationGlobal. MethodsWe used hierarchical Bayesian models to determine whether biological traits and anthropogenic factors were correlated with whether a species was: (1) listed as Threatened versus Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, and (2) successful versus unsuccessful at establishing a viable population once introduced outside of its native geographical range. The two sides of the same coin' hypothesis predicts that model coefficients for each trait should be opposite in sign between these two models. ResultsSeventy-three per cent of model coefficients describing 10 aspects of a species' life history, ecology, biogeography and environmental niche breadth were opposite in sign between the two groups; however, most effect sizes for variables that showed contrasting relationships were small and/or uncertain. The only exception was body size: larger-bodied species were more likely to be threatened, whereas smaller-bodied species were more likely to be invasive. As predicted, human population density across a species' native geographical range was positively correlated with both threat and invasion probabilities. Other anthropogenic variables did not have strong analogous effects. Main conclusionsThe assumption that threatened and invasive species lie on opposite ends of a continuum, while consistent with life-history theory, appears to be an oversimplification. Our results do suggest, however, that anthropogenic variables can be important predictors of a species' fate, and should be more routinely incorporated in trait-based analyses of extinction and invasion risk. [Tingley, Reid; Moran-Ordonez, Alejandra] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; [Mahoney, Peter J.; Tallian, Aimee G.; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Mahoney, Peter J.; Durso, Andrew M.; Tallian, Aimee G.; Beard, Karen H.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Durso, Andrew M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA Tingley, R (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. reid.tingley@unimelb.edu.au Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 Beard, Karen/0000-0003-4997-2495; Moran-Ordonez, Alejandra/0000-0002-5815-6089; Tingley, Reid/0000-0002-7630-7434 Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station and Ecology Center; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (CEED); National Environmental Research Program (NERP) Arthur Wallis, Cason Wortley, Leland Bennion and Alejandro Macias helped with data collection. Lucie Bland provided insightful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. P.J.M., A.M.D., A.G.T. and K.H.B. were supported by the Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station and Ecology Center. R.T. and A.M.-O. were funded by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (CEED) and the National Environmental Research Program (NERP). 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Ecol. Biogeogr. SEP 2016 25 9 1050 1060 10.1111/geb.12462 11 Ecology; Geography, Physical Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography DW3AV WOS:000383515300002 2018-11-12 J Blanchard, A; Lyons, M; Centifanti, L Blanchard, Alyson; Lyons, Minna; Centifanti, Luna Baby was a black sheep: Digit ratio (2D:4D), maternal bonding and primary and secondary psychopathy PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Primary psychopathy; Secondary psychopathy; Prenatal testosterone; 2D:4D digit ratio; Maternal bonding; Life history theory; Fetal programming PERSONALITY-TRAITS; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ANTENATAL ANXIETY; STRESS; 2D-4D; WOMEN; SEX; MEN; AGGRESSION Psychopathy is generally considered to be a male adaptation. While studies have elucidated a relationship to freely circulating testosterone, less is known about the role of prenatal testosterone (PT) in the development of primary and secondary psychopathy and how this pertains to sex differences. In this study (N = 148), digit ratio (2D:4D) was used to investigate the relationship between prenatal testosterone and primary and secondary psychopathy. In addition, quality of recalled maternal bonding was measured to see if postnatal experience could affect the influence of PT on psychopathic behaviours. Low LH2D:4D predicted primary and secondary psychopathy in women. In men, low maternal care predicted primary psychopathy and high maternal protection predicted secondary psychopathy. Low maternal care also predicted primary psychopathy in women. Lower levels of maternal care and higher levels of maternal control contributed to primary psychopathy above and beyond PT. Lower levels of maternal care were also an influential factor for secondary psychopathy above and beyond PT, although higher levels of mother control were not. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Blanchard, Alyson; Lyons, Minna] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England; [Centifanti, Luna] Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England Blanchard, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Psychol Sci, Eleanor Rathbone Bldg, Liverpool L69 7ZA, Merseyside, England. aeblanch@liverpool.ac.uk Centifanti, Luna/D-4962-2012 Centifanti, Luna/0000-0003-4562-8187 Bailey AA, 2005, BIOL PSYCHOL, V68, P215, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.05.001; Barrett ES, 2015, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V156, P3435, DOI 10.1210/en.2015-1335; Barrett ES, 2014, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V41, P20, DOI 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.12.011; Beaver KM, 2014, PSYCHIAT QUART, V85, P497, DOI 10.1007/s11126-014-9308-4; Benderlioglu Z, 2004, HORM BEHAV, V46, P558, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.06.004; Berenbaum SA, 2009, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V150, P5119, DOI 10.1210/en.2009-0774; Blanchard A, 2010, BRIT J FORENSIC PRAC, V12, P23, DOI DOI 10.5042/BJFP.2010.0183; Blanchard A, 2016, EVOLUTIONARY BEHAV S, V10, P56; Craig RL, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V55, P345, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.012; Del Giudice M, 2012, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V37, P1614, DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.014; Fink B, 2004, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V37, P495, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2003.09.018; Fink B, 2006, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V41, P1253, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2006.05.002; Gao Y, 2010, PSYCHOL MED, V40, P1007, DOI 10.1017/S0033291709991279; Gitau R, 2005, ARCH DIS CHILD-FETAL, V90, P166, DOI 10.1136/adc.2004.049320; Grundwald NJ, 2015, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V62, P204, DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.010; Hampson E, 2008, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V37, P133, DOI 10.1007/s10508-007-9263-3; Hicks BM, 2012, PERSONAL DISORD, V3, P209, DOI 10.1037/a0025084; Hoskin AW, 2015, CRIMINOLOGY, V53, P54, DOI 10.1111/1745-9125.12056; Jonason PK, 2009, EUR J PERSONALITY, V23, P5, DOI 10.1002/per.698; Kaplan H. 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Individ. Differ. SEP 2016 99 67 71 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.077 5 Psychology, Social Psychology DV0EW WOS:000382591800011 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Virgo, S; Sear, R Virgo, Sandra; Sear, Rebecca Area-level mortality and morbidity predict 'abortion proportion' in England and Wales EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Life history theory; Abortion; Morbidity; Mortality LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DYING YOUNG; LIVING FAST; POPULATION; EXPECTANCY; RATES; DEPRIVATION Life history theory predicts that where mortality/morbidity is high, earlier reproduction will be favoured. A key component of reproductive decision-making in high income contexts is induced abortion. Accordingly, relationships between mortality/morbidity and 'abortion proportion' (proportion of conceptions ending in abortion) are explored at small-area ('ward') level in England and Wales. It is predicted that where mortality/morbidity is high, there will be a lower 'abortion proportion' in younger women (<25 years), adjusting for education, unemployment, income, housing tenure and population density. Results show that this prediction is supported: wards with both shorter life expectancy and a higher proportion of people with a limiting long-standing illness have lower abortion proportions in under 25 s. In older age bands, in contrast, elevated mortality and morbidity are mostly associated with a higher 'abortion proportion'. Further, morbidity appears to have a larger effect than mortality on 'abortion proportion' in the under-25 age band, perhaps because a) morbidity is be more salient than mortality in high-income contexts, and/or b) young women are influenced by health of potential female alloparents when scheduling fertility. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. [Virgo, Sandra; Sear, Rebecca] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England Virgo, S (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. Sandra.virgo@lshtm.ac.uk; Rebecca.sear@Ishtrn.ac.uk Sear, Rebecca/0000-0002-4315-0223 Economic and Social Research Council We are grateful to the funders, the Economic and Social Research Council. 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SEP 2016 37 5 366 375 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.03.001 10 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences DT9RK WOS:000381839800004 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Zaikman, Y; Vogel, EA; Vicary, AM; Marks, MJ Zaikman, Yuliana; Vogel, Erin A.; Vicary, Amanda M.; Marks, Michael J. The Influence of Early Experiences and Adult Attachment on the Exhibition of the Sexual Double Standard SEXUALITY AND CULTURE English Article Sexual double standard; Attachment theory; Life history theory; Sexual activity FATHER ABSENCE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS; GENDER; WOMEN; JEALOUSY; STYLE; ASSOCIATIONS; METAANALYSIS; ANTECEDENTS The sexual double standard is the phenomenon whereby men and women are judged differently for the same sexual behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between life history theory, attachment theory and the sexual double standard. Life history theory posits that one's upbringing (e.g., quality of early relationship with one's parents) may have implications for one's future mating strategies, especially for women. Furthermore, adult attachment orientation often influences individuals' feelings toward sexual behavior. To address the relationship between these variables, we had participants complete questionnaires regarding their early relationships with their parents and their current attachment regarding romantic partners. Participants then evaluated a target individual who reported having 1 or 12 sexual partners (N = 154). Results showed that female participants' early relationships with their parents and their current attachment avoidance predicted their exhibition of the double standard. Results are discussed in the context of theoretical and empirical implications. 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SEP 2016 20 3 425 445 10.1007/s12119-015-9332-z 21 Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Social Sciences - Other Topics FI4HT WOS:000411932600001 2018-11-12 J Pick, JL; Hutter, P; Ebneter, C; Ziegler, AK; Giordano, M; Tschirren, B Pick, Joel L.; Hutter, Pascale; Ebneter, Christina; Ziegler, Ann-Kathrin; Giordano, Marta; Tschirren, Barbara Artificial selection reveals the energetic expense of producing larger eggs FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY English Article Life history evolution; Maintenance of variation; Cost of reproduction; Egg size; Maternal investment; Oxidative stress FINCHES TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; SWALLOWS HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; FEMALE ZEBRA FINCHES; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PREDATION RISK; GREAT TITS; EUROPEAN STARLINGS Background: The amount of resources provided by the mother before birth has important and long-lasting effects on offspring fitness. Despite this, there is a large amount of variation in maternal investment seen in natural populations. Life-history theory predicts that this variation is maintained through a trade-off between the benefits of high maternal investment for the offspring and the costs of high investment for the mother. However, the proximate mechanisms underlying these costs of reproduction are not well understood. Here we used artificial selection for high and low maternal egg investment in a precocial bird, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) to quantify costs of maternal reproductive investment. Results: We show that females from the high maternal investment lines had significantly larger reproductive organs, which explained their overall larger body mass, and resulted in a higher resting metabolic rate (RMR). Contrary to our expectations, this increase in metabolic activity did not lead to a higher level of oxidative damage. Conclusions: This study is the first to provide experimental evidence for metabolic costs of increased per offspring investment. [Pick, Joel L.; Hutter, Pascale; Ebneter, Christina; Ziegler, Ann-Kathrin; Giordano, Marta; Tschirren, Barbara] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Pick, JL (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. joel.l.pick@gmail.com Ziegler, Ann-Kathrin/R-6064-2018 Ziegler, Ann-Kathrin/0000-0002-2593-0349 Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P3 128386, 458 PP00P3 157455] We thank Alison Pick and Barbara Schnuriger for help with animal husbandry, Jennifer Morger, Cindy Canale, Silvan Pfandler and Sabine Frei for help with data collection and Mathieu Giraudeau and Melissa Lemoine for discussions. The study was financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P3 128386 and 458 PP00P3 157455 to BT). 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Zool. AUG 23 2016 13 38 10.1186/s12983-016-0172-y 10 Zoology Zoology DW3JM WOS:000383537900001 27559356 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Kivela, SM; Valimaki, P; Gotthard, K Kivela, Sami M.; Valimaki, Panu; Gotthard, Karl Evolution of alternative insect life histories in stochastic seasonal environments ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Bet-hedging; clinal variation; geometric mean fitness; life cycle; phenotypic plasticity; voltinism AQUARIUS-REMIGIS HETEROPTERA; DIAPAUSE INDUCTION; UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTS; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; DELAYED REPRODUCTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; AGE STRUCTURE; TRADE-OFF; FITNESS Deterministic seasonality can explain the evolution of alternative life history phenotypes (i.e., life history polyphenism) expressed in different generations emerging within the same year. However, the influence of stochastic variation on the expression of such life history polyphenisms in seasonal environments is insufficiently understood. Here, we use insects as a model and explore (1) the effects of stochastic variation in seasonality and (2) the life cycle on the degree of life history differentiation among the alternative developmental pathways of direct development and diapause (overwintering), and (3) the evolution of phenology. With numerical simulation, we determine the values of development (growth) time, growth rate, body size, reproductive effort, adult life span, and fecundity in both the overwintering and directly developing generations that maximize geometric mean fitness. The results suggest that natural selection favors the expression of alternative life histories in the alternative developmental pathways even when there is stochastic variation in seasonality, but that trait differentiation is affected by the developmental stage that overwinters. Increasing environmental unpredictability induced a switch to a bet-hedging type of life history strategy, which is consistent with general life history theory. Bet-hedging appeared in our study system as reduced expression of the direct development phenotype, with associated changes in life history phenotypes, because the fitness value of direct development is highly variable in uncertain environments. Our main result is that seasonality itself is a key factor promoting the evolution of seasonally polyphenic life histories but that environmental stochasticity may modulate the expression of life history phenotypes. [Kivela, Sami M.; Gotthard, Karl] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Kivela, Sami M.; Valimaki, Panu] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland Kivela, SM (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. sami.kivela@oulu.fi Gotthard, Karl/F-1163-2011 Kivela, Sami/0000-0002-6844-9168 Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; EkoKlim at Stockholm University; Swedish Research Council; Stockholm University; Finnish Cultural Foundation The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the strategic research programme EkoKlim at Stockholm University, the Swedish Research Council, the international fellowship program at Stockholm University, the Finnish Cultural Foundation. 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Evol. AUG 2016 6 16 5596 5613 10.1002/ece3.2310 18 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DT6FF WOS:000381578400004 27547340 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J van de Vijver, PL; van Bodegom, D; Westendorp, RGJ van de Vijver, Paul L.; van Bodegom, David; Westendorp, Rudi G. J. Early and extraordinary peaks in physical performance come with a longevity cost AGING-US English Article life history theory; athletes; personal record; trade-off; development; longevity LIFE-SPAN; DIE YOUNG; AGE; MORTALITY; GROWTH; MAMMALS; WOMEN; MICE; REPRODUCTION; MENARCHE Life history theory postulates a trade-off between development and maintenance. This trade-off is observed when comparing life histories of different animal species. In humans, however, it is debated if variation in longevity is explained by differences in developmental traits. Observational studies found a trade-off between early and high fecundity and longevity in women. Development encompasses more than fecundity and also concerns growth and physical performance. Here, we show a life history trade-off between early and above average physical performance and longevity in male Olympic athletes. Athletes who peaked at an earlier age showed 17-percent increased mortality rates (95% CI 8-26% per SD, p<0.001) and athletes who ranked higher showed 11-percent increased mortality rates (95% CI 1-22% per SD, p=0.025). Male athletes who had both an early and extraordinary peak performance suffered a 4.7-year longevity cost. (95% CI 2.1-7.5 years, p=0.001). This is the first time a life history trade-off between physical performance and longevity has been found in humans. This finding deepens our understanding of early developmental influences on the variation of longevity in humans. [van de Vijver, Paul L.; van Bodegom, David] Leyden Acad Vital & Ageing, NL-2333 AA Leiden, Netherlands; [van Bodegom, David; Westendorp, Rudi G. 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[Dunkel, Curtis S.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Lukaszewski, Aaron W.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA; [Chua, Kristine] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. c-dunkel@wiu.edu BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Block J, 2006, AM PSYCHOL, V61, P315, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.315; BLOCK J, 1978, Q SORT METHOD PERSON; Block J., 2006, BLOCK BLOCK LONGITUD; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; Del Giudice M., 2011, EVOLUTION PERSONALIT, P154; Del Giudice M, 2008, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1348/026151007X243289; Del Giudice M, 2016, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V88, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.004; Del Giudice M, 2011, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V37, P193, DOI 10.1177/0146167210392789; Del Giudice M, 2010, CHILD DEV PERSPECT, V4, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x; Del Giudice M, 2009, DEV REV, V29, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2008.09.001; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; Dunkel C. 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AUG 2016 98 176 178 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.040 3 Psychology, Social Psychology DV3AZ WOS:000382794700029 2018-11-12 J Swanson, EM; Espeset, A; Mikati, I; Bolduc, I; Kulhanek, R; Whiter, WA; Kenzie, S; Snell-Rood, EC Swanson, Eli M.; Espeset, Anne; Mikati, Ihab; Bolduc, Isaac; Kulhanek, Robert; Whiter, William A.; Kenzie, Susan; Snell-Rood, Emilie C. Nutrition shapes life-history evolution across species PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article life history; fecundity; nutrition; nitrogen; ecological stoichiometry HESPERIIDAE LEPIDOPTERA-HESPERIOIDEA; POLYGONIA BUTTERFLIES NYMPHALIDAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BODY-SIZE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NEST PREDATION; HOST PLANTS; EGG SIZE; BRAIN; CLASSIFICATION Nutrition is a key component of life-history theory, yet we know little about how diet quality shapes life-history evolution across species. Here, we test whether quantitative measures of nutrition are linked to life-history evolution across 96 species of butterflies representing over 50 independent diet shifts. We find that butterflies feeding on high nitrogen host plants as larvae are more fecund, but their eggs are smaller relative to their body size. Nitrogen and sodium content of host plants are also both positively related to eye size. Some of these relationships show pronounced lineage-specific effects. Testis size is not related to nutrition. Additionally, the evolutionary timing of diet shifts is not important, suggesting that nutrition affects life histories regardless of the length of time a species has been adapting to its diet. Our results suggest that, at least for some lineages, species with higher nutrient diets can invest in a range of fitness-related traits like fecundity and eye size while allocating less to each egg as offspring have access to a richer diet. These results have important implications for the evolution of life histories in the face of anthropogenic changes in nutrient availability. [Swanson, Eli M.; Espeset, Anne; Mikati, Ihab; Bolduc, Isaac; Kulhanek, Robert; Whiter, William A.; Kenzie, Susan; Snell-Rood, Emilie C.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Espeset, Anne] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89509 USA Snell-Rood, EC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. emilies@umn.edu NSF [1306627, IOS-1354737]; University of Minnesota OVPR E.M.S. was supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship (#1306627). This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid of Research from the University of Minnesota OVPR; the Snell-Rood lab was supported in part through NSF IOS-1354737. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. JUL 13 2016 283 1834 20152764 10.1098/rspb.2015.2764 9 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DT7FI WOS:000381652100014 27412282 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Thompson, ME; Muller, MN; Sabbi, K; Machanda, ZP; Otali, E; Wrangham, RW Thompson, Melissa Emery; Muller, Martin N.; Sabbi, Kris; Machanda, Zarin P.; Otali, Emily; Wrangham, Richard W. Faster reproductive rates trade off against offspring growth in wild chimpanzees PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA English Article life history; growth; reproduction; primates; weaning URINARY CREATININE EXCRETION; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; RED DEER; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; INTERNAL RELATEDNESS Life history theory predicts a trade-off between offspring quality and quantity. Among large-bodied mammals, prolonged lactation and infant dependence suggest particularly strong potential for a quality-quantity trade-off to exist. Humans are one of the only such species to have been examined, providing mixed evidence under a peculiar set of circumstances, including extensive nutritional provisioning by nonmothers and extrasomatic wealth transmission. Here, we examine trade-offs between reproductive rate and one aspect of offspring quality (body size) in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), a species with long periods of infant dependence and little direct provisioning. Juvenile lean body mass, estimated using urinary creatinine excretion, was positively associated with the interval to the next sibling's birth. These effects persisted into adolescence and were not moderated by maternal identity. Maternal depletion could not explain poor offspring growth, as older mothers had larger offspring, and low maternal energy balance during lactation predicted larger, not smaller, juvenile size. Instead, our data suggest that offspring growth suffers when mothers wean early to invest in new reproductive efforts. These findings indicate that chimpanzee mothers with the resources to do so prioritize production of new offspring over prolonged investment in current offspring. [Thompson, Melissa Emery; Muller, Martin N.; Sabbi, Kris] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Thompson, Melissa Emery; Muller, Martin N.; Machanda, Zarin P.; Otali, Emily; Wrangham, Richard W.] Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Ft Portal, Uganda; [Machanda, Zarin P.; Wrangham, Richard W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Thompson, ME (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Thompson, ME (reprint author), Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Ft Portal, Uganda. memery@unm.edu Leakey Foundation; Wenner-Gren Foundation; National Science Foundation [1355014, 0849380]; National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health [R01AG049395] We thank the field staff of the Kibale Chimpanzee Project for daily chimpanzee observations. Drew Enigk, Jayda Patterson, Sarah Schmidt, Erin Fitzgerald, Sarah Phillips-Garcia, and Thais Schwartz provided laboratory assistance. We thank the associate editor and two reviewers for insightful feedback. Research was supported by the Leakey Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, National Science Foundation (Grants 1355014 and 0849380), and the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (Award R01AG049395). 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. JUL 12 2016 113 28 7780 7785 10.1073/pnas.1522168113 6 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics DR1VX WOS:000379694100040 27354523 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Reynolds, JJ; McCrea, SM Reynolds, Joshua J.; McCrea, Sean M. Life History Theory and Exploitative Strategies EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article exploitation; life history theory; life history strategy; life history contingencies; age FAST-SLOW CONTINUUM; SEXUAL COERCION; K-SELECTION; R-SELECTION; PATTERNS; MAMMALS Exploitative strategies involve depriving others of resources while enhancing one's own. Life history theory suggests that there are individual differences (life history strategy) and environmental characteristics (life history contingencies [LHCs]) that influence the use of exploitative strategies. However, past work manipulating LHCs has found mixed evidence for the influence of this information on exploitative behavior. We present three studies that help clarify the effects of this type of information. Results indicated that younger individuals are most sensitive to LHC information. We also found, contrary to predictions, that communicating slow LHC information (i.e., high population density, intraspecific competition, and resource scarcity) increased rather than decreased the temptation to engage in exploitative behavior. Limitations and future directions are discussed. 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JUL-SEP 2016 14 3 10.1177/1474704916659483 16 Psychology, Experimental Psychology EG5QY WOS:000391100500003 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Pellerin, S; Paquette, SR; Pelletier, F; Garant, D; Belisle, M Pellerin, Stephanie; Paquette, Sebastien Rioux; Pelletier, Fanie; Garant, Dany; Belisle, Marc The trade-off between clutch size and egg mass in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor is modulated by female body mass JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY English Article LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; INDIVIDUAL OPTIMIZATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; OFFSPRING SIZE; PARUS-MAJOR; NUMBER; BIRDS; AGE; POPULATION Egg production is a costly component of reproduction for female birds in terms of energy expenditure and maternal investment. Because resources are typically limited, clutch size and egg mass are expected to be constrained, and this putative trade-off between offspring number and size is at the core of life history theory. Nevertheless, empirical evidence for this trade-off is equivocal at best, as individual heterogeneity in resource acquisition and allocation may hamper the detection of the negative correlation between egg number and mass within populations. Here, we investigated how female body mass and landscape composition influences clutch size, egg mass, and the relationship between these two traits. To do so, we fitted linear mixed models using data from tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor breeding in a network of 400 nestboxes located along a gradient of agricultural intensity between 2004 and 2011. Our dataset comprised 1463 broods for clutch size analyses and 4371 eggs (from 847 broods laid between 2005-2008) for egg mass analyses. Our results showed that agricultural intensity negatively impacted clutch size, but not egg mass nor the relationship between these two traits. Female mass, on the other hand, modulated the trade-off between clutch size and egg mass. For heavier females, both traits increased jointly, without evidence of a trade-off. However, for lighter females, there was a clear negative relationship between clutch size and egg mass. This work shows that accounting for individual heterogeneity in body mass allows the detection of a clutch size/egg mass trade-off that would have remained undetected otherwise. Identifying habitat and individual effects on resource allocation towards reproductive traits may help bridging the gap between predictions from theory and empirical evidence on life history trade-offs. [Pellerin, Stephanie; Paquette, Sebastien Rioux; Pelletier, Fanie; Garant, Dany; Belisle, Marc] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, 2500 Blvd Univ, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada Paquette, SR (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, 2500 Blvd Univ, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. sebastien.riouxpaquette@gmail.com Garant, Dany/0000-0002-8091-1044 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [261398-2013]; Fonds de recherche du Quebec sur la nature et les technologies (FRQNT) [2013-PR-167001]; Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; NSERC; FRQNT We are grateful to the 40 farmers who gave us access to their land and thereby made this study possible. Sincere thanks to the many students and field assistants who collected data on tree swallow nesting ecology since 2004 in our study system. Thanks also to C. Girard for her help with geomatics. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, 261398-2013) through Discovery and Strategic Grants (DG, FP and MB), by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec sur la nature et les technologies (FRQNT, 2013-PR-167001; FP and MB), by the Canada Research Chairs program (FP and MB), as well as by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (DG, FP and MB). SP benefitted from scholarships from both NSERC and FRQNT. 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JUL 2016 47 4 500 507 10.1111/jav.00725 8 Ornithology Zoology DZ8NR WOS:000386127600006 2018-11-12 J Large, EE; Xu, W; Zhao, YH; Brady, SC; Long, LJ; Butcher, RA; Andersen, EC; McGrath, PT Large, Edward E.; Xu, Wen; Zhao, Yuehui; Brady, Shannon C.; Long, Lijiang; Butcher, Rebecca A.; Andersen, Erik C.; McGrath, Patrick T. Selection on a Subunit of the NURF Chromatin Remodeler Modifies Life History Traits in a Domesticated Strain of Caenorhabditis elegans PLOS GENETICS English Article C-ELEGANS; DAUER PHEROMONE; NATURAL VARIATION; COMPLEX NURF; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; DROSOPHILA; NEMATODES; BRIGGSAE; PLATFORM Evolutionary life history theory seeks to explain how reproductive and survival traits are shaped by selection through allocations of an individual's resources to competing life functions. Although life-history traits evolve rapidly, little is known about the genetic and cellular mechanisms that control and couple these tradeoffs. Here, we find that two laboratory-adapted strains of C. elegans descended from a single common ancestor that lived in the 1950s have differences in a number of life-history traits, including reproductive timing, life-span, dauer formation, growth rate, and offspring number. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) of large effect that controls 24%-75% of the total trait variance in reproductive timing at various timepoints. Using CRISPR/ Cas9-induced genome editing, we show this QTL is due in part to a 60 bp deletion in the 3' end of the nurf-1 gene, which is orthologous to the human gene encoding the BPTF component of the NURF chromatin remodeling complex. Besides reproduction, nurf-1 also regulates growth rate, lifespan, and dauer formation. The fitness consequences of this deletion are environment specific-it increases fitness in the growth conditions where it was fixed but decreases fitness in alternative laboratory growth conditions. We propose that chromatin remodeling, acting through nurf-1, is a pleiotropic regulator of life history trade-offs underlying the evolution of multiple traits across different species. [Large, Edward E.; Xu, Wen; Zhao, Yuehui; Long, Lijiang; McGrath, Patrick T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA; [Brady, Shannon C.; Andersen, Erik C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, Evanston, IL USA; [Butcher, Rebecca A.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA McGrath, PT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. patrick.mcgrath@biology.gatech.edu National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 GM114170, R21 AG050304]; Ellison Medical Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts; American Cancer Society This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 GM114170 and R21 AG050304 and by the Ellison Medical Foundation (PTM). ECA is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences, supported by the Pew Charitable Trusts. Also, ECA and SCB were supported by an American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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JUL 2016 12 7 e1006219 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006219 19 Genetics & Heredity Genetics & Heredity DS8RI WOS:000381050100059 27467070 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Ronning, B; Broggi, J; Bech, C; Moe, B; Ringsby, TH; Parn, H; Hagen, IJ; Saether, BE; Jensen, H Ronning, Bernt; Broggi, Juli; Bech, Claus; Moe, Borge; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Parn, Henrik; Hagen, Ingerid J.; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik Is basal metabolic rate associated with recruit production and survival in free-living house sparrows? FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article energetics; evolutionary physiology; fitness; life history traits; Passer domesticus OVER-WINTER SURVIVAL; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; LIFE-HISTORY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BANK VOLES; BODY-MASS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; SLOW PACE Life history theory predicts that available energy is limited and needs to be allocated among different processes such as growth, reproduction and self-maintenance. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), a common measure of an animal's maintenance cost, is therefore believed to be a trait of ecological and evolutionary significance. However, although BMR is often assumed to be correlated with fitness, its association with individual variation in fitness in free-living populations is virtually unknown. We examined the relationship between BMR in late winter prior to the breeding season and recruit production (number of offspring recorded the subsequent year), as well as adult survival, in two populations of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) on the islands Leka and Vega in northern Norway. Number of recruits tended to be negatively related to BMR. However, analysing the data for each sex within the two populations revealed that the negative effect of BMR on recruit production was significant only for females in the Vega population. Survival probability was associated with BMR, but the relationship differed both between sexes and populations. In the Leka population, we found evidence for stabilizing selection in the females and disruptive selection in the males. In contrast, there was no effect of BMR on survival in the Vega population. Body mass influenced adult survival, but not recruit production. Furthermore, the relationship between BMR and fitness in females remained significant after controlling for body mass. Thus, the selection on BMR in females was not driven by a BMR-body mass correlation. Basal metabolic rate was significantly related to fitness in both populations. However, the results in the present study show spatial variation as well as sex specific differences in the influence of BMR on fitness in house sparrows. [Ronning, Bernt; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Parn, Henrik; Hagen, Ingerid J.; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Broggi, Juli] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Avda Americo Vespucio S-N, E-41092 Seville, Spain; [Bech, Claus] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Moe, Borge] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, POB 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway Ronning, B (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. bernt.ronning@ntnu.no Moe, Borge/P-2946-2015; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Jensen, Henrik/B-5085-2011; Bech, Claus/C-1086-2011 Moe, Borge/0000-0002-2306-1899; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Jensen, Henrik/0000-0001-7804-1564; Bech, Claus/0000-0002-0860-0663 Research Council of Norway (Storforsk, Strategic University Program (SUP) in Conservation Biology) [204303, 221956]; Ph.D. research grant [159584/V40] We thank O.R. Davidsen and T. Kolaas for their contribution in the field work, and O.R. Davidsen, H. Holand, R. Rosbak and T. Kvalnes for help with the laboratory work. We are also grateful to Z. Boratynski and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. Furthermore, we would like to thank the inhabitants and especially the farmers on Leka and Vega, whose hospitality made this study possible. This work was supported by grants from the Research Council of Norway (Storforsk, Strategic University Program (SUP) in Conservation Biology, grant # 204303 to BES, and grant # 221956 to HJ) and Ph.D. research grant # 159584/V40 to BR. The research was carried out in accordance with permits from the Norwegian Animal Research Authority (permit # S-2007/1482) and the Bird Ringing Centre at Stavanger Museum, Norway. 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Reproductive efficiency and shade avoidance plasticity under simulated competition ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Phenotypic plasticity; plant reproduction; shade avoidance; simulated competition PLANT STRATEGY THEORY; IMPATIENS-CAPENSIS; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; DEPENDENT SELECTION; MECHANICAL-STRESS; LIGHT QUALITY; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; NEIGHBORS Plant strategy and life-history theories make different predictions about reproductive efficiency under competition. While strategy theory suggests under intense competition iteroparous perennial plants delay reproduction and semelparous annuals reproduce quickly, life-history theory predicts both annual and perennial plants increase resource allocation to reproduction under intense competition. We tested (1) how simulated competition influences reproductive efficiency and competitive ability (CA) of different plant life histories and growth forms; (2) whether life history or growth form is associated with CA; (3) whether shade avoidance plasticity is connected to reproductive efficiency under simulated competition. We examined plastic responses of 11 herbaceous species representing different life histories and growth forms to simulated competition (spectral shade). We found that both annual and perennial plants invested more to reproduction under simulated competition in accordance with life-history theory predictions. There was no significant difference between competitive abilities of different life histories, but across growth forms, erect species expressed greater CA (in terms of leaf number) than other growth forms. We also found that shade avoidance plasticity can increase the reproductive efficiency by capitalizing on the early life resource acquisition and conversion of these resources into reproduction. Therefore, we suggest that a reassessment of the interpretation of shade avoidance plasticity is necessary by revealing its role in reproduction, not only in competition of plants. [Fazlioglu, Fatih; Al-Namazi, Ali; Bonser, Stephen P.] UNSW Australia, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Bonser, SP (reprint author), UNSW Australia, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. s.bonser@unsw.edu.au Fazlioglu, Fatih/A-4824-2018 Fazlioglu, Fatih/0000-0002-4723-3640; Bonser, Stephen/0000-0002-6608-9912 Anten NPR, 2009, AM NAT, V173, P241, DOI 10.1086/595761; Anten NPR, 2005, AM NAT, V166, P650, DOI 10.1086/497442; BALLARE CL, 1990, SCIENCE, V247, P329, DOI 10.1126/science.247.4940.329; Bell G., 1976, AM NAT, V110, P55; Bittebiere AK, 2012, AM J BOT, V99, P646, DOI 10.3732/ajb.1100487; Bonser SP, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1009, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00904.x; Bonser SP, 2013, FUNCT ECOL, V27, P876, DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.12064; Bonser SP, 2011, PLANT ECOL, V212, P1441, DOI 10.1007/s11258-011-9919-x; Bonser SP, 2009, PERSPECT PLANT ECOL, V11, P31, DOI 10.1016/j.ppees.2008.10.003; Brainard DC, 2005, WEED SCI, V53, P175, DOI 10.1614/WS-04-067R1; Brown JR, 1998, J VEG SCI, V9, P829, DOI 10.2307/3237048; Callahan HS, 2002, ECOLOGY, V83, P1965, DOI 10.2307/3071779; CAMPBELL BD, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P15, DOI 10.2307/1938717; Donohue K, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P1956; Dudley SA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P445, DOI 10.1086/285860; Friedman J., 2015, AM J BOT, V2, P1; Fynn RWS, 2005, J ECOL, V93, P384, DOI [10.1111/j.0022-0477.2005.00993.x, 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.00993.x]; GOLDBERG DE, 1991, J ECOL, V79, P1013, DOI 10.2307/2261095; GOLDBERG DE, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P771, DOI 10.1086/285357; Griffith TM, 2005, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V18, P1601, DOI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01021.x; Grime J. 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Evol. JUL 2016 6 14 4947 4957 10.1002/ece3.2254 11 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DR6TE WOS:000380033400026 27547325 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Kennamer, RA; Hepp, GR; Alexander, BW Kennamer, Robert A.; Hepp, Gary R.; Alexander, Bradley W. Effects of current reproductive success and individual heterogeneity on survival and future reproductive success of female Wood Ducks AUK English Article life history tradeoffs; capture-mark-recapture; apparent survival; reproductive success; female quality; Aix sponsa PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; BREEDING-SEASON SURVIVAL; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; BODY CONDITION; NEST SUCCESS; AIX-SPONSA; PREDATOR REDUCTION; HABITAT CONDITIONS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MALLARD FEMALES Estimates of vital rates and their sources of variation are necessary to understand the population dynamics of any organism. These data have been used to test predictions of life history theory as well as to guide decisions of wildlife managers and conservation biologists. Life history theory predicts tradeoffs among life history traits, such that current reproductive effort will be negatively correlated with survival and/or future reproduction. Many studies support this prediction, but others report positive covariation between fitness traits, and attribute positive correlations to differences in individual quality. In this study, we used 11 yr of capture-mark-recapture data of breeding female Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa), along with their breeding histories, to examine sources of variation in annual survival rates and to assess the impact of current reproductive success on probabilities of survival and future reproductive success. Cormack-Jolly-Seber models indicated that apparent survival of female Wood Ducks did not vary annually and was only weakly affected by age class and breeding habitat conditions, but that there was a strong positive relationship between survival and the number of successful nests (0, 1, or 2). Next, we used a multistate analysis to examine the importance of female nest fate (successful or failed) on the probability of surviving and of nesting successfully the next year. Early incubation body mass was used to assess the nutritional status and quality of females. Females that nested successfully in year t were not less likely to nest successfully in year t + 1 than females that had nested unsuccessfully in year t. We also found strong positive covariation between nest success in year t and the probability of surviving. However, being in relatively good or poor condition had no effect on these relationships. Our results are consistent with the idea that female quality is heterogeneous, but body mass was not a good proxy of quality. Therefore, the existence of tradeoffs between female reproductive success and survival or future reproduction was less clear because of our inability to identify and control for differences in female quality. [Kennamer, Robert A.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29831 USA; [Hepp, Gary R.; Alexander, Bradley W.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA Kennamer, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29831 USA.; Hepp, GR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. rkennamer@srel.uga.edu; heppgar@auburn.edu Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Funding statement: Financial support was provided by the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation, and the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station to G.R.H. Neither of the funders had any input into the content of the manuscript, nor required approval prior to submission or publication. 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Bobby; Stahlschmidt, Zachary R. Eating increases oxidative damage in a reptile JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY English Article Digestion; Food intake; Hydroperoxides; Prandial state; Reactive oxygen metabolites; Specific dynamic action D-ROMS TEST; PANTHEROPHIS-GUTTATUS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GASTRIC DIGESTION; DYNAMIC ACTION; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; RESTRICTION; COVARIATION; PHYSIOLOGY While eating has substantial benefits in terms of both nutrient and energy acquisition, there are physiological costs associated with digesting and metabolizing a meal. Frequently, these costs have been documented in the context of energy expenditure while other physiological costs have been relatively unexplored. Here, we tested whether the seemingly innocuous act of eating affects either systemic pro-oxidant (reactive oxygen metabolite, ROM) levels or antioxidant capacity of corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) by collecting plasma during absorptive (peak increase in metabolic rate due to digestion of a meal) and non-absorptive (baseline) states. When individuals were digesting a meal, there was a minimal increase in antioxidant capacity relative to baseline (4%), but a substantial increase in ROMs (nearly 155%), even when controlling for circulating nutrient levels. We report an oxidative cost of eating that is much greater than that due to long distance flight or mounting an immune response in other taxa. This result demonstrates the importance of investigating non-energetic costs associated with meal processing, and it begs future work to identify the mechanism(s) driving this increase in ROM levels. Because energetic costs associated with eating are taxonomically widespread, identifying the taxonomic breadth of eating-induced ROM increases may provide insights into the interplay between oxidative damage and life history theory. [Butler, Michael W.; Lutz, Thomas J.] Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA; [Fokidis, H. Bobby] Rollins Coll, Dept Biol, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA; [Stahlschmidt, Zachary R.] Georgia Southern Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA; [Stahlschmidt, Zachary R.] Univ Pacific, Dept Biol Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA Butler, MW (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA. butlermw@lafayette.edu Butler, Michael/0000-0002-8390-2960 Lafayette College; Rollins College; Georgia Southern University Funding was provided by Lafayette College (to M.W.B.), Rollins College (to H.B.F.) and Georgia Southern University (to Z.R.S.). 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Exp. Biol. JUL 2016 219 13 1969 1973 10.1242/jeb.138875 5 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics DQ7DF WOS:000379366400015 27099366 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Sherman, AK; Minich, SH; Langen, TA; Skufca, J; Wilke, A Sherman, Amanda K.; Minich, Steven H.; Langen, Tom A.; Skufca, Joseph; Wilke, Andreas Are College Students' Assessments of Threat Shaped by the Dangers of Their Childhood Environment? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE English Article decision making; early environment; fear of crime; life-history theory; risk perception; risk-taking RISK-TAKING; LIFE-HISTORY; DECISION-MAKING; SEXUAL ASSAULT; FEAR; VICTIMIZATION; NEIGHBORHOODS; PERSONALITY; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIOR Humans internalize environmental cues of mortality risk at an early age, which influences subsequent risk perceptions and behavior. In this respect, an individual's current risk assessment may be viewed as an adaptive response to the dangers present within his or her early local environment. Here we examine the relationship between several variables indicating threat within an individual's early environment (e. g., prevalence of violent and property crimes, registered sex offenders) and their perception of crime risk within both the childhood and current adult environments. We recruited a group of 657 students who hail from diverse geographic backgrounds to provide the zip code location of their childhood residence along with subjective ratings of danger of that and their current location, which enabled us to compare their ratings of risk/danger with the federally reported crime statistics of each setting. Our results indicate that the early prevalence of registered sex offenders indeed influences an individual's risk perception in adulthood, and that these factors have a differential effect on males and females. Our findings provide support for the theory that early environmental factors signaling danger affect how individuals assess risk within their adult environment. [Sherman, Amanda K.; Minich, Steven H.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA; [Langen, Tom A.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA; [Langen, Tom A.; Wilke, Andreas] Clarkson Univ, Dept Psychol, 8 Clarkson Ave,Box 5825, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA; [Skufca, Joseph] Clarkson Univ, Dept Math, Potsdam, NY USA Sherman, AK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Psychol, 8 Clarkson Ave,Box 5825, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. shermaak@clarkson.edu National Science Foundation [DBI-0926568]; Undergraduate Biology-Mathematics (UBM) program The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: We acknowledge National Science Foundation (DBI-0926568) for partial financial support through the Undergraduate Biology-Mathematics (UBM) program. 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Interpers. Violence JUL 2016 31 11 2006 2025 10.1177/0886260515572473 20 Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology DP7MP WOS:000378683600002 25805844 2018-11-12 J Platt, ERM; Fowler, AM; Ord, TJ Platt, Edward R. M.; Fowler, Ashley M.; Ord, Terry J. Land colonisation by fish is associated with predictable changes in life history OECOLOGIA English Article Age-specific mortality; Blenny; Gonad development; Trade-offs; Ecological release GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; CORAL-REEF FISH; NATURAL-SELECTION; AMPHIBIOUS FISH; JUVENILE MORTALITY; INTERTIDAL FISHES; TELEOST FISHES; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; BLENNY The colonisation of new environments is a central evolutionary process, yet why species make such transitions often remains unknown because of the difficulty in empirically investigating potential mechanisms. The most likely explanation for transitions to new environments is that doing so conveys survival benefits, either in the form of an ecological release or new ecological opportunity. Life history theory makes explicit predictions about how traits linked to survival and reproduction should change with shifts in age-specific mortality. We used these predictions to examine whether a current colonisation of land by fishes might convey survival benefits. We found that blenny species with more terrestrial lifestyles exhibited faster reproductive development and slower growth rates than species with more marine lifestyles; a life history trade off that is consistent with the hypothesis that mortality has become reduced in younger life stages on land. A plausible explanation for such a shift is that an ecological release or opportunity on land has conveyed survival benefits relative to the ancestral marine environment. More generally, our study illustrates how life history theory can be leveraged in novel ways to formulate testable predictions on why organisms might make transitions into novel environments. [Platt, Edward R. M.; Ord, Terry J.] Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; [Platt, Edward R. M.; Ord, Terry J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; [Fowler, Ashley M.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia Ord, TJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.; Ord, TJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. t.ord@unsw.edu.au Fowler, Ashley/N-8623-2016; Ord, Terry/C-6870-2009 Fowler, Ashley/0000-0003-3075-7066; Ord, Terry/0000-0002-2608-2150 Australian Research Council; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences We would like to thank Alex Kerr and Brett Taylor for logistical support on Guam, Georgina Cooke for assistance in specimen collection, Iain Suthers for the use of his lab equipment and David Chapple and several anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of this paper. This work was supported by an Australian Research Council grant to T. J. O., and a postgraduate research award from the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences to E. R. M. P. This study was covered by the University of New South Wales Animal Care and Ethics Committee protocol 11/36b initially approved on 10 March 2011 and most recently reviewed on 28 February 2013. All data from this publication have been archived in the Dryad Digital Repository (doi:10.5061/dryad.55f35). The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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J. Psychol. JUL 2016 51 1 SI OR1895 1055 1055 1 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology FK7XH WOS:000413720407442 2018-11-12 J Horak, P; Valge, M Horak, Peeter; Valge, Markus Old-for-grade girls reproduce but do not mature early: Simply a mechanistic link between educational progress and pace of life? INTELLIGENCE English Article Age at first birth; Cognitive ability; Completed fertility; Pubertal maturation; School progress SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BIRTH COHORT; 1ST BIRTH; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; HISTORY STRATEGY; FATHER ABSENCE; EARLY PUBERTY; LUNG-FUNCTION; SMART TEENS; TWIN DATA Human life-history theory predicts that low cognitive abilities have coevolved with the fast pace-of-life. Old-for-grade pupils proceed slowly at school, which is usually caused by grade repetition due to low cognitive abilities. We assessed the causes and consequences of slow school progress by comparing life-history traits and measures of growth and performance between old-for-grade and appropriate-for-grade Estonian adolescent girls born between 1938 and 1953 (n=1673). We found no evidence for covariation between early pubertal maturation and school progress; girls who were more than 1.5 years old for their grade did not show signs of faster development of breasts and axillary hair. However, their first birth occurred one year earlier than for girls who had passed school at an appropriate rate. Among a subset of girls from Tallinn, a higher grade point average predicted a later age at first birth. Completed fertility and parity did not relate to the rate of school progress. Old-for-grade girls were generally shorter, weaker, and had smaller heads than appropriate-for-grade girls, which suggests that they experienced developmental constraints. The most parsimonious explanation for the observed patterns is that old-for-grade girls were devoid of capabilities required for obtaining tertiary education under the highly competitive environment prevalent in the study period. Our findings emphasize the role of (tertiary) education as a proximate constraint on reproductive rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Horak, Peeter] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia; [Valge, Markus] Univ Tartu, Inst Psychol, Naituse 2, EE-50409 Tartu, Estonia Horak, P (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. horak@ut.ee Horak, Peeter/0000-0002-1442-9903 Estonian Science Agency [IUT34-8] We thank Gudrun Veldre for various consultations in anthropometry and logistic help, Robert Barry Davis and Joseph Enge for language check and reviewers for their constructive comments on the ms. The study was financed by the Estonian Science Agency (Institutional Research Grant IUT34-8). 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The sample consisted of 186 female undergraduate students from Curacao (age M = 22.88; SD = 5.68) who were categorized into two groups: women who grew up without their father and women who grew up in the presence of their father. We found that women who were abandoned by their father reported significantly more anxious and preventive jealousy than women who grew up in the presence of their father. There were no significant differences between these two groups in reactive jealousy. Possible explanations are discussed in light of the potential function of jealousy for females who grew up without a father. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [van Brummen-Girigori, Odette; Buunk, Abraham P.] Univ Curacao, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Dr Moises Da Costa Gomez, Curacao, Netherlands; [Buunk, Abraham P.; Dijkstra, Pieternel] Univ Groningen, Dept Psychol, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands van Brummen-Girigori, O (reprint author), Jan Noorduynweg 111, Curacao, Neth Antilles. o.girigori@uoc.cw Allgood S. M., 2012, N AM J PSYCHOL, V14, P95; Barelds DPH, 2007, CLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOT, V14, P176, DOI 10.1002/cpp.532; BARTHOLOMEW K, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V61, P226, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Blissett J, 2006, CLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOT, V13, P163, DOI 10.1002/cpp.482; Buss DM, 1999, PERS RELATIONSHIP, V6, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1999.tb00215.x; Buunk A. P., 2015, EVOLUTION MIND BEHAV; Buunk A. P., 1997, PERSONALITY INDIVIDU, V23, P997; Buunk A. P., 2015, EVOLUTIONARY BEHAV S, V9, P116, DOI DOI 10.1037/EBS0000030; Buunk A. P., 2009, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P545; Buunk B. 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Feather and faecal corticosterone concentrations predict future reproductive decisions in harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY English Article Carry-over effects; glucocorticoid physiology; harlequin; reproduction; stress LIFE-HISTORY STAGE; LONG-LIVED BIRD; BASE-LINE; BREEDING-SEASON; HABITAT QUALITY; MIGRATORY BIRD; ACUTE STRESS; AGE; FITNESS; CONSERVATION Understanding sources of reproductive variation can inform management and conservation decisions, population ecology and life-history theory. Annual reproductive variation can drive population growth rate and can be influenced by factors from across the annual cycle (known as carry-over effects). The majority of studies, however, focus solely on the role of current environmental events. Past events often influence future reproductive decisions and success but can be logistically difficult to collect and quantify, especially in migratory species. Recent work indicates that glucocorticoids may prove good indicators to evaluate carry-over effects across life-history transitions. Here, we evaluated three different measures of glucocorticoid physiology (feathers, faeces and plasma) to evaluate the predictability of future breeding decision in the harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). We collected tail and back feathers, plasma and faeces for glucocorticoid analysis, and fitted female harlequin ducks with very high-frequency transmitters to track their breeding decisions. Both back feathers (moulted immediately before the current season) and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites were identified as important predictive factors of reproductive decisions; high concentrations of glucocorticoid metabolites in back feathers and faeces predicted a higher likelihood of reproductive deferral for the year. Although back and tail feather corticosterone concentrations were correlated, tail feathers (moulted at the end of the previous breeding season) did not predict breeding decisions. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were collected over too broad a time range after capture to be useful in this study. This study demonstrates the utility of non-invasive corticosterone metrics in predicting breeding decisions and supports the use of feathers to measure carry-over effects in migratory birds. With this technique, we identified the prenuptial moult as an important life-history phase that contributes to reproductive decisions. Identification of critical life-history phases is paramount to efficient management of species. [Hansen, Warren K.; Landry, Devin W.; Breuner, Creagh W.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Hansen, Warren K.; Bate, Lisa J.] Glacier Natl Pk, Ctr Sci, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA; [Chastel, Olivier; Parenteau, Charline] CNRS, UMR 7372, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France Breuner, CW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol & Organismal Biol & Ecol, 32 Campus Dr,HS l04, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. creagh.breuner@umontana.edu Federal Highway Administration grant; Rocky Mountain-Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit grant; Glacier National Park Conservancy grant; Jerry O'Neal National Park Fellowship grant; Mission Mountain Audubon Society grant; National Science Foundation grant [PSI-0747361]; National Park Service; University of Montana Wildlife Biology Program This work was supported by The Federal Highway Administration grant to L.J.B.; a Rocky Mountain-Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit grant to L.J.B. and C.W.B; Glacier National Park Conservancy grant to L.J.B.; Jerry O'Neal National Park Fellowship grant to W.K.H.; Mission Mountain Audubon Society grant to W.K.H.; National Science Foundation grant (PSI-0747361) to C.W.B.; the National Park Service; and The University of Montana Wildlife Biology Program. 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State-dependent capital and income breeding: a novel approach to evaluating individual strategies with stable isotopes FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY English Article Resource allocation; Reproductive allocation; Stable isotopes; Capital vs. income; Climate change; Somateria mollissima EIDERS SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; COMMON EIDERS; CLUTCH SIZE; EGG COMPONENTS; BLUE MUSSELS; LAYING DATE; BIRDS; REPRODUCTION; NUTRIENTS; TEMPERATURE Background: Species-specific strategies for financing the costs of reproduction are well understood, forming a continuum ranging from high to low reliance on stored nutrients. Animals relying mostly on stored reserves are termed 'capital breeders', whereas 'income breeders' rely mostly on concurrent intake when financing the costs of reproduction. The role and adaptive value of individual variation in these strategies remain elusive. Life-history theory posits that capital breeding should be favoured when offspring reproductive value peaks, typically occurring early in the season, and that current income should increasingly be used with progressing season. Because resource limitation may hamper flexible resource allocation, a corollary prediction is that only good-condition individuals may show the expected seasonal shift in resource use. To test this prediction, we examined stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) in blood and lipid-free egg yolk of breeding eider females (Somateria mollissima) from the Baltic Sea to assess the role of individual variation in the use of proteins from local diet vs. stored reserves. Results: We show for the first time that individuals from a single population differ in their utilization of stored reserves and concurrent intake to finance the costs of reproduction. Consistent with our prediction, heavy females predominantly used stored reserves for producing egg yolks early in the season, increasingly relying on local feeding with later onset of breeding, whereas light females showed no seasonal change in allocation strategy. Conclusions: Stable isotope profiling at the individual level is a powerful tool for monitoring relative changes in investment strategies through time, showing promise as an early warning indicator of ecological change in food webs. [Jaatinen, Kim; Ost, Markus] Novia Univ Appl Sci, Coastal Zone Res Team, Raseborgsvagen 9, FI-10600 Ekenas, Finland; [Ost, Markus] Abo Akad Univ, Environm & Marine Biol, Fac Sci & Engn, Artillerigatan 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Hobson, Keith A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Jaatinen, K (reprint author), Novia Univ Appl Sci, Coastal Zone Res Team, Raseborgsvagen 9, FI-10600 Ekenas, Finland. kim.jaatinen@gmail.com Ost, Markus/C-7376-2008 Ost, Markus/0000-0002-2205-1437 Academy of Finland [266208, 128039]; Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland We thank numerous people participating in field work at Tvarminne over the years, particularly Heikki Eriksson and Petteri Lehikoinen of Avescapes Oy. Tvaminne Zoological Station provided excellent facilities. This study was funded by the Academy of Finland (grant number 266208 to KJ and grant 128039 to MO) and the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland (MO). 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Zool. JUN 9 2016 13 24 10.1186/s12983-016-0157-x 8 Zoology Zoology DO1ZP WOS:000377579200001 27284285 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Visser, B; Le Lann, C; Snaas, H; Verdeny-Vilalta, O; Harvey, JA Visser, Bertanne; Le Lann, Cecile; Snaas, Helen; Verdeny-Vilalta, Oriol; Harvey, Jeffrey A. Divergent life history strategies in congeneric hyperparasitoids EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY English Article Gelis; Hymenoptera; Life history theory; Metabolic rate; Reproduction ECTOPARASITOID NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS; GELIS-AGILIS HYMENOPTERA; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; EGG SIZE; TRADE-OFF; PARASITOID WASPS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RESOURCE COMPETITION; LYSIBIA-NANA Life histories can reveal important information on the performance of individuals within their environment and how that affects evolutionary change. Major trait changes, such as trait decay or loss, may lead to pronounced differences in life history strategies when tight correlations between traits exist. Here, we show that three congeneric hyperparasitoids (Gelis agilis, Gelis acarorum and Gelis areator) that have diverged in wing development and reproductive mode employ markedly different life history strategies. Potential fecundity of Gelis sp. varied, with the wingless G. acarorum maturing a much higher number of eggs throughout life compared with the other two species. Realized lifetime fecundity, in terms of total offspring number was, however, highest for the winged G. areator. The parthenogenic G. agilis invests its resources solely in females, whilst the sexually reproducing species both invested heavily in males to reduce competitive pressures for their female offspring. Longevity also differed between species, as did the direction of the reproduction-longevity trade-off, where reproduction is heavily traded off against longevity only in the asexual G. agilis. Resting metabolic rates also differed between the winged and wingless species, with the highest metabolic rate observed in the winged G. areator. Overall, these geline hyperparasitoids showed considerable divergence in life history strategies, both in terms of timing and investment patterns. Major trait changes observed between closely related species, such as the loss of wings and sexual reproduction, may contribute to the divergence in key life history traits. [Visser, Bertanne; Snaas, Helen; Harvey, Jeffrey A.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Visser, Bertanne] Catholic Univ Louvain, Evolutionary Ecol & Genet Grp, Biodivers Res Ctr, Earth & Life Inst, Croix Sud 4, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium; [Le Lann, Cecile] Univ Rennes 1, ECOBIO, CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France; [Le Lann, Cecile; Harvey, Jeffrey A.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Verdeny-Vilalta, Oriol] CSIC, EEZA, Dept Funct & Evolutionary Ecol, Carretera Sacramento S-N, La Canada De San Urbano 04120, Almeria, Spain Visser, B (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.; Visser, B (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Evolutionary Ecol & Genet Grp, Biodivers Res Ctr, Earth & Life Inst, Croix Sud 4, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. bertannevisser@gmail.com Library, Library/A-4320-2012; Harvey, Jeffrey/B-7439-2008 Library, Library/0000-0002-3835-159X; Harvey, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4227-7935; Visser, Bertanne/0000-0003-4465-6020 IEF People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union under REA grant [274386, 298457]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Rubicon [815.12.014] We would like to thank Roel Wagenaar for his help in rearing of the hyperparasitoids and three anonymous referees for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. B. V. is further grateful to Louise Vet and Wim van der Putten for their hospitality to work in their institute and department. C. L. L. was supported by the IEF People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no 274386, project COEVOLCLIM. B. V. was supported by a Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Rubicon fellowship with Grant No. 815.12.014 and the IEF People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no 298457, project ECOLOGY&LIPOGENESIS. 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F., 2009, MIXED EFFECT MODELS 85 5 5 5 7 SPRINGER DORDRECHT VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS 0269-7653 1573-8477 EVOL ECOL Evol. Ecol. JUN 2016 30 3 535 549 10.1007/s10682-016-9819-6 15 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity DQ9GZ WOS:000379519700011 2018-11-12 J Neel, R; Kenrick, DT; White, AE; Neuberg, SL Neel, Rebecca; Kenrick, Douglas T.; White, Andrew Edward; Neuberg, Steven L. Individual Differences in Fundamental Social Motives JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article motivation; life history theory; individual differences LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; BIG 5; DISEASE AVOIDANCE; SELF-ENHANCEMENT; HUMAN-MOTIVATION; 5-FACTOR MODEL; TRADE-OFFS; PERSONALITY; EVOLUTIONARY; BEHAVIOR Motivation has long been recognized as an important component of how people both differ from, and are similar to, each other. The current research applies the biologically grounded fundamental social motives framework, which assumes that human motivational systems are functionally shaped to manage the major costs and benefits of social life, to understand individual differences in social motives. Using the Fundamental Social Motives Inventory, we explore the relations among the different fundamental social motives of Self-Protection, Disease Avoidance, Affiliation, Status, Mate Seeking, Mate Retention, and Kin Care; the relationships of the fundamental social motives to other individual difference and personality measures including the Big Five personality traits; the extent to which fundamental social motives are linked to recent life experiences; and the extent to which life history variables (e.g., age, sex, childhood environment) predict individual differences in the fundamental social motives. Results suggest that the fundamental social motives are a powerful lens through which to examine individual differences: They are grounded in theory, have explanatory value beyond that of the Big Five personality traits, and vary meaningfully with a number of life history variables. A fundamental social motives approach provides a generative framework for considering the meaning and implications of individual differences in social motivation. [Neel, Rebecca] Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA; [Kenrick, Douglas T.; White, Andrew Edward; Neuberg, Steven L.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Neel, R (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. rebecca-neel@uiowa.edu Arizona State University Graduate and Professional Student Association We thank Roger Millsap, Anna Berlin, and Meara Habashi for consultation on scale development; the Kenrick-Neuberg graduate and faculty lab group for assistance developing items; Chloe Huelsnitz and Isaiah Cottengaim for assistance with coding; Chloe Huelsnitz for assistance with references; and Arizona State University Graduate and Professional Student Association for grant support to Rebecca Neel. 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JUN 2016 110 6 887 907 10.1037/pspp0000068 21 Psychology, Social Psychology DP1EQ WOS:000378233700007 26371400 2018-11-12 J Thorson, JT; Jensen, OP; Zipkin, EF Thorson, James T.; Jensen, Olaf P.; Zipkin, Elise F. How variable is recruitment for exploited marine fishes? A hierarchical model for testing life history theory (vol 71, pg 973, 2014) CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES English Correction [Thorson, James T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA; [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; [Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 288 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Jimthor@u.washington.edu Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 Thorson JT, 2014, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V71, P973, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0645 1 7 7 0 6 CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS OTTAWA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA 0706-652X 1205-7533 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. JUN 2016 73 6 1014 1014 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0167 1 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology DN8CQ WOS:000377307200013 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Mesquita, DO; Costa, GC; Colli, GR; Costa, TB; Shepard, DB; Vitt, LJ; Pianka, ER Mesquita, Daniel O.; Costa, Gabriel C.; Colli, Guarino R.; Costa, Tais B.; Shepard, Donald B.; Vitt, Laurie J.; Pianka, Eric R. Life-History Patterns of Lizards of the World AMERICAN NATURALIST English Article Squamata; life history; reproduction; historical factors; climatic factors; phylogenetic analysis RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; PHYLOGENETIC NICHE CONSERVATISM; SQUAMATE REPTILES; ANOLIS LIZARDS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY; AUSTRALIAN LIZARDS Identification of mechanisms that promote variation in life-history traits is critical to understand the evolution of divergent reproductive strategies. Here we compiled a large life-history data set (674 lizard populations, representing 297 species from 263 sites globally) to test a number of hypotheses regarding the evolution of life-history traits in lizards. We found significant phylogenetic signal in most life-history traits, although phylogenetic signal was not particularly high. Climatic variables influenced the evolution of many traits, with clutch frequency being positively related to precipitation and clutches of tropical lizards being smaller than those of temperate species. This result supports the hypothesis that in tropical and less seasonal climates, many lizards tend to reproduce repeatedly throughout the season, producing smaller clutches during each reproductive episode. Our analysis also supported the hypothesis that viviparity has evolved in lizards as a response to cooler climates. Finally, we also found that variation in trait values explained by clade membership is unevenly distributed among lizard clades, with basal clades and a few younger clades showing the most variation. Our global analyses are largely consistent with life-history theory and previous results based on smaller and scattered data sets, suggesting that these patterns are remarkably consistent across geographic and taxonomic scales. [Mesquita, Daniel O.; Costa, Tais B.] Univ Fed Paraiba, Ctr Ciencias Exatas & Nat, Dept Sistemat & Ecol, Ave Castelo Branco S-N, BR-58000000 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil; [Costa, Gabriel C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Ecol, Ctr Biociencias, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil; [Colli, Guarino R.] Univ Brasilia, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; [Shepard, Donald B.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol, Conway, AR 72035 USA; [Vitt, Laurie J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sam Noble Museum, Norman, OK 73072 USA; [Vitt, Laurie J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73072 USA; [Pianka, Eric R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA Mesquita, DO (reprint author), Univ Fed Paraiba, Ctr Ciencias Exatas & Nat, Dept Sistemat & Ecol, Ave Castelo Branco S-N, BR-58000000 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. danmesq@dse.ufpb.br Colli, Guarino/A-5368-2008; Mesquita, Daniel/I-5007-2012 Colli, Guarino/0000-0002-2628-5652; Mesquita, Daniel/0000-0002-8174-6837; Shepard, Donald/0000-0002-1762-6283; Costa, Gabriel/0000-0002-6777-6706 Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); University of Oklahoma Research Council via a George Lynn Cross Research Professorship; CAPES; CNPq [302776/2012-5, 201413/2014-0, 563352/2010-8]; Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal We thank Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for D.O.M.'s postdoctorate and research fellowship. E.R.P. thanks the Denton A. Cooley Centennial Professorship in Zoology at the University of Texas at Austin. L.J.V. acknowledges support from the University of Oklahoma Research Council via a George Lynn Cross Research Professorship. G.R.C. thanks CAPES, CNPq, and Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal for financial support. G.C.C. thanks CNPq grants 302776/2012-5, 201413/2014-0, and 563352/2010-8. We thank A. Garda and CNPq/Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio; processo 552031/2011-9). We thank ICMBio for granting the necessary permissions to sample animals. We also thank D. D. Ackerly and J. L. Bronstein as well as two reviewers for many suggestions for improvements that added clarity to our article. We thank R. E. Espinoza for the photo of Liolaemus multicolor. 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JUN 2016 187 6 689 705 10.1086/686055 17 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DM3UE WOS:000376271400003 27172590 2018-11-12 J de Baca, TC; Wahl, RA; Barnett, MA; Figueredo, AJ; Ellis, BJ de Baca, Tomas Cabeza; Wahl, Richard A.; Barnett, Melissa A.; Figueredo, Aurelio Jose; Ellis, Bruce J. Adversity, Adaptive Calibration, and Health: The Case of Disadvantaged Families ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY English Article Life history theory; Chronic degenerative disease; Evolutionary psychology; Harshness; Unpredictability; Stress; Adversity; Disadvantaged families; Unpredictability schema LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; SEX-RATIOS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION; PATERNAL INVESTMENT; LOWER TESTOSTERONE; DIABETES-MELLITUS Epidemiologists and medical researchers often employ an allostatic load model that focuses on environmental and lifestyle factors, together with biological vulnerabilities, to explain the deterioration of human physiological systems and chronic degenerative disease. Although this perspective has informed medicine and public health, it is agnostic toward the functional significance of pathophysiology and health deterioration. Drawing on Life History (LH) theory, the current paper reviews the literature on disadvantaged families to serve as a conceptual model of stress-health relationships in which the allocation of reproductive effort is instantiated in the LH strategies of individuals and reflects the bioenergetic and material resource tradeoffs. We propose that researchers interested in health disparities reframe chronic degenerative diseases as outcomes resulting from strategic calibration of physiological systems to best adapt, survive, and reproduce in response to demands of specific developmental contexts. These effects of adversity on later-age degenerative disease are mediated, in part, by socioemotional and cognitive mechanisms expressed in different life history strategies. [de Baca, Tomas Cabeza] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Psychol, 3333 Calif St,Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA; [Wahl, Richard A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Adolescent Med, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Barnett, Melissa A.; Ellis, Bruce J.] Univ Arizona, Norton Sch Family & Consumer Sci, Div Family Studies & Human Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Figueredo, Aurelio Jose] Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Coll Sci, Sch Mind Brain & Behav, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA de Baca, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Psychol, 3333 Calif St,Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. tomas.cabezadebaca@ucsf.edu National Institute of Mental Health [T32MH019391] TCDB was partially supported by a National Institute of Mental Health grant T32MH019391. The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of the paper. 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Vulnerability to Disease as a Predictor of Faster Life History Strategies ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY English Article Life history theory; Mortality; Socioeconomic differences; Immune function; Health; Natural killer cell activity; Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation INDUCED SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; RISK BEHAVIORS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; HUMAN HEIGHT; K-FACTOR; T-CELLS; STRESS Here we review research suggesting that vulnerability to disease plays a significant role in modulating life history strategies. In particular, we highlight the role of immunocompetence in life history tradeoffs, predicting that individuals whose immune systems leave them more vulnerable to disease should exhibit a range of psychological and behavioral outcomes that are associated with faster life history strategies. Further, we propose that these differences should occur even after controlling for the effects of early life stress, which themselves calibrate faster life history strategies and alter immune function. We close by highlighting important issues and challenges in this emerging area of inquiry, and illuminate potentially promising avenues of future research. 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Hum. Behav. Physiol. JUN 2016 2 2 SI 116 133 10.1007/s40750-015-0040-6 18 Psychology, Biological Psychology FC8TZ WOS:000407115400002 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Kindsvater, HK; Braun, DC; Otto, SP; Reynolds, JD Kindsvater, Holly K.; Braun, Douglas C.; Otto, Sarah P.; Reynolds, John D. Costs of reproduction can explain the correlated evolution of semelparity and egg size: theory and a test with salmon ECOLOGY LETTERS English Article Costs of reproduction; demography; iteroparity; life history theory; offspring size; salmon; semelparity SOCKEYE-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; NATURAL-SELECTION; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; TRADE-OFF; CONSEQUENCES; NUMBER; STRATEGIES Species' life history traits, including maturation age, number of reproductive bouts, offspring size and number, reflect adaptations to diverse biotic and abiotic selection pressures. A striking example of divergent life histories is the evolution of either iteroparity (breeding multiple times) or semelparity (breed once and die). We analysed published data on salmonid fishes and found that semelparous species produce larger eggs, that egg size and number increase with salmonid body size among populations and species and that migratory behaviour and parity interact. We developed three hypotheses that might explain the patterns in our data and evaluated them in a stage-structured modelling framework accounting for different growth and survival scenarios. Our models predict the observation of small eggs in iteroparous species when egg size is costly to maternal survival or egg number is constrained. By exploring trait co-variation in salmonids, we generate new hypotheses for the evolution of trade-offs among life history traits. [Kindsvater, Holly K.; Reynolds, John D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Braun, Douglas C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Braun, Douglas C.] InStream Fisheries Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V5M 4V8, Canada; [Otto, Sarah P.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Kindsvater, HK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. holly.kindsvater@rutgers.edu Kindsvater, Holly/0000-0001-7580-4095 NSF; NSERC; InStream Fisheries Research Inc.; Tom Buell BC Leadership Chair endowment - Pacific Salmon Foundation; BC Leading Edge Endowment Fund Feedback from Axios Review and four anonymous reviewers benefitted this manuscript. H.K.K. was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Mathematical Biology. D.C.B was supported by an NSERC Industrial Postdoctoral fellowship and InStream Fisheries Research Inc. S.P.O. was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and J.D.R. was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and the Tom Buell BC Leadership Chair endowment funded by the Pacific Salmon Foundation and the BC Leading Edge Endowment Fund. 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Psychol. MAY 23 2016 7 764 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00764 2 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DM4AN WOS:000376288000001 27242651 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Xie, XF; Hu, YK; Pan, X; Liu, FH; Song, YB; Dong, M Xie, Xiu-Fang; Hu, Yu-Kun; Pan, Xu; Liu, Feng-Hong; Song, Yao-Bin; Dong, Ming Biomass Allocation of Stoloniferous and Rhizomatous Plant in Response to Resource Availability: A Phylogenetic Meta-Analysis FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE English Article biomass allocation; clonal reproduction; ontogenetic drift; optimal allocation theory; phylogenetic meta-analysis; trade-off; sexual reproduction; vegetative growth INTERNAL NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; TRADE-OFFS; CLONAL PLANT; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; QUANTITATIVE REVIEWS; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; SHOOT RATIOS; GROWTH Resource allocation to different functions is central in life-history theory. Plasticity of functional traits allows clonal plants to regulate their resource allocation to meet changing environments. In this study, biomass allocation traits of clonal plants were categorized into absolute biomass for vegetative growth vs. for reproduction, and their relative ratios based on a data set including 115 species and derived from 139 published literatures. We examined general pattern of biomass allocation of clonal plants in response to availabilities of resource (e.g., light, nutrients, and water) using phylogenetic meta-analysis. We also tested whether the pattern differed among clonal organ types (stolon vs. rhizome). Overall, we found that stoloniferous plants were more sensitive to light intensity than rhizomatous plants, preferentially allocating biomass to vegetative growth, aboveground part and clonal reproduction under shaded conditions. Under nutrient- and water-poor condition, rhizomatous plants were constrained more by ontogeny than by resource availability, preferentially allocating biomass to belowground part. Biomass allocation between belowground and aboveground part of clonal plants generally supported the optimal allocation theory. No general pattern of trade-off was found between growth and reproduction, and neither between sexual and clonal reproduction. Using phylogenetic meta-analysis can avoid possible confounding effects of phylogeny on the results. Our results shown the optimal allocation theory explained a general trend, which the clonal plants are able to plastically regulate their biomass allocation, to cope with changing resource availability, at least in stoloniferous and rhizomatous plants. [Xie, Xiu-Fang; Hu, Yu-Kun; Pan, Xu; Song, Yao-Bin; Dong, Ming] Hangzhou Normal Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Key Lab Hangzhou City Ecosyst Protect & Restorat, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Xie, Xiu-Fang; Liu, Feng-Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Lib, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Xie, Xiu-Fang; Hu, Yu-Kun; Pan, Xu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R China Song, YB; Dong, M (reprint author), Hangzhou Normal Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Key Lab Hangzhou City Ecosyst Protect & Restorat, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. ybsong@hznu.edu.cn; dongming@hznu.edu.cn NSFC [31261120580, 31400346]; Hangzhou Normal University [201203] We thank the three reviewers for their valuable comments. The study was funded by a NSFC grant (31261120580) and an Innovative R & D grant (201203) by Hangzhou Normal University to MD, a NSFC grant (31400346) to YS. 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F., 1983, PLANT REPROD ECOLOGY; Wolf FM, 1986, METAANALYSIS QUANTIT; Wu GL, 2010, POL J ECOL, V58, P81; Xie XF, 2014, PLOS ONE, V9, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0107114; Yang YH, 2009, J VEG SCI, V20, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05566.x 87 5 5 8 55 FRONTIERS MEDIA SA LAUSANNE PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND 1664-462X FRONT PLANT SCI Front. Plant Sci. MAY 4 2016 7 603 10.3389/fpls.2016.00603 11 Plant Sciences Plant Sciences DK9JV WOS:000375247600001 27200071 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Ljungstrom, G; Stjernstedt, M; Wapstra, E; Olsson, M Ljungstrom, G.; Stjernstedt, M.; Wapstra, E.; Olsson, M. Selection and constraints on offspring size-number trade-offs in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article adaptation; constraints; life history evolution; natural selection; offspring size and number; trade-offs BODY CONDITION INDEXES; EGG SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; SEXUAL SELECTION; INDIVIDUAL QUALITY; CLUTCH MASS; RED DEER; SURVIVAL; FITNESS; SNAKES The trade-off between offspring size and number is a central component of life-history theory, postulating that larger investment into offspring size inevitably decreases offspring number. This trade-off is generally discussed in terms of genetic, physiological or morphological constraints; however, as among-individual differences can mask individual trade-offs, the underlying mechanisms may be difficult to reveal. In this study, we use multivariate analyses to investigate whether there is a trade-off between offspring size and number in a population of sand lizards by separating among-and within-individual patterns using a 15-year data set collected in the wild. We also explore the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of this trade-off by investigating how a female's resource (condition)- vs. age-related size (snout-vent length) influences her investment into offspring size vs. number (OSN), whether these traits are heritable and under selection and whether the OSN trade-off has a genetic component. We found a negative correlation between offspring size and number within individual females and physical constraints (size of body cavity) appear to limit the number of eggs that a female can produce. This suggests that the OSN trade-off occurs due to resource constraints as a female continues to grow throughout life and, thus, produces larger clutches. In contrast to the assumptions of classic OSN theory, we did not detect selection on offspring size; however, there was directional selection for larger clutch sizes. The repeatabilities of both offspring size and number were low and we did not detect any additive genetic variance in either trait. This could be due to strong selection (past or current) on these life-history traits, or to insufficient statistical power to detect significant additive genetic effects. Overall, the findings of this study are an important illustration of how analyses of within-individual patterns can reveal trade-offs and their underlying causes, with potential evolutionary and ecological consequences that are otherwise hidden by among-individual variation. [Ljungstrom, G.; Stjernstedt, M.; Olsson, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Medicinaregatan 18A, S-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Wapstra, E.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Biol Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Olsson, M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Ljungstrom, G (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Medicinaregatan 18A, S-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden. gabriella.ljungstrom@bioenv.gu.se Swedish Science Council; Australian Research Council We thank the Swedish Science Council and the Australian Research Council for financial support (M.O. and E.W.), Tobias Uller for comments on a previous draft of this manuscript and Tom Langbehn for help with the graphics. All work carried out in this study conforms to Swedish animal welfare and conservation legal requirements, ethics permit no. 82-2011 (University of Gothenburg). 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MAY 2016 29 5 979 990 10.1111/jeb.12838 12 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity DU8XB WOS:000382498000009 26851437 2018-11-12 J Ely, CR; Meixell, BW Ely, Craig R.; Meixell, Brandt W. Demographic outcomes of diverse migration strategies assessed in a metapopulation of tundra swans MOVEMENT ECOLOGY English Article Cygnus columbianus; Known fate; Life history; Metapopulation; Migration distance; Productivity; Satellite telemetry; Survival; Transmitter effects; Tundra swan GREATER SNOW GEESE; LOWER ALASKA PENINSULA; ANNUAL SURVIVAL RATES; SEASONAL SURVIVAL; PERCUTANEOUS ANTENNAS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS; DISTANCE MIGRATION; COMMON EIDERS; EMPEROR GEESE Background: Migration is a prominent aspect of the life history of many avian species, but the demographic consequences of variable migration strategies have only infrequently been investigated, and rarely when using modern technological and analytical methods for assessing survival, movement patterns, and long-term productivity in the context of life history theory. We monitored the fates of 50 satellite-implanted tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) over 4 years from five disparate breeding areas in Alaska, and used known-fate analyses to estimate monthly survival probability relative to migration distance, breeding area, migratory flyway, breeding status, and age. We specifically tested whether migratory birds face a trade-off, whereby long-distance migrants realize higher survival rates at the cost of lower productivity because of reduced time on breeding areas relative to birds that migrate shorter distances and spend more time on breeding areas. Results: Annual migration distances varied significantly among breeding areas (1020 to 12720 km), and were strongly negatively correlated with time spent on breeding areas (r = -0.986). Estimates of annual survival probability varied by wintering area (Pacific coast, Alaska Peninsula, and Eastern seaboard) and ranged from 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.88) to 1.0, depending on criteria used to discern mortalities from radio failures. We did not find evidence for a linear relationship between migration distance and survival as swans from the breeding areas with the shortest and longest migration distances had the highest survival probabilities. Survival was lower in the first year post-marking than in subsequent years, but there was not support for seasonal differences in survival. Productivity varied among breeding populations and was generally inversely correlated to survival, but not migration distance or time spent on breeding areas. Conclusions: Tundra swans conformed to a major tenet of life history theory, as populations with the highest survival generally had the lowest productivity. The lack of a uniform relationship between time spent on breeding areas and productivity, or time spent on wintering areas and survival, indicates that factors other than temporal investment dictate demographic outcomes in this species. The tremendous diversity of migration strategies we identify in Alaskan tundra swans, without clear impacts on survival, underscores the ability of this species to adapt to different environments and climatic regimes. [Ely, Craig R.; Meixell, Brandt W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA Ely, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. cely@usgs.gov Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); Kimberly Trust (USFWS); Alaska Science Centre (ASC) [MB789758]; ASC IACUC [2008-15 (2009-2010)]; U.S. Government We are grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) that funded this work as part of an effort to monitor avian influenza viruses in wild migratory birds and identify factors related to the transmission of the viruses in North America. We especially appreciate the support of Dirk Derksen (USGS) and Kimberly Trust (USFWS) who arranged funding for the study. We are grateful to the many field assistants and veterinarians with helped with capture and marking in Alaska. Christian Dau and Kristine Sowl kindly provided productivity data from the LAP. We appreciate the software programming and advice provided by David Douglas. We are thankful for the oversights of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Alaska Science Centre (ASC), under Federal Permit # MB789758 (2007-2010), and ASC IACUC # 2008-15 (2009-2010). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We appreciated the helpful reviews provided by John Pearce, Joel Schmutz, James Sedinger, and two anonymous reviewers. 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Consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predation by introduced northern pike on life-history traits in threespine stickleback EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH English Article food limitation; invasive species; nutrient deprivation; physiological stress; predation risk; reproduction; threespine stickleback CESTODE SCHISTOCEPHALUS-SOLIDUS; FEMALE 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS; GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; COOK INLET BASIN; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; ESOX-LUCIUS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES; NATURAL-SELECTION; OFFSPRING NUMBER Background: Non-native, predatory northern pike (Esox lucius) are spreading into lakes of south-central Alaska and were illegally introduced into Scout Lake in 2001 or 2002. Pike preyed on native threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the lake, subjecting them to higher mortality rates. Hypotheses: Life-history theory predicts evolutionary changes in threespine stickleback females arising from consumption by predators, including reduced body size, earlier age of reproduction, increased reproductive effort (greater clutch mass and clutch size), and, under some conditions, smaller offspring. Alternatively, energetically costly, non-consumptive predation-risk effects resembling food limitation - such as predator avoidance, reduced foraging efficiency, and chronic stress - might cause phenotypically plastic responses inconsistent with life-history theory. Methods: We measured changes in length, body mass, clutch mass, clutch size, and egg mass during an 11-year (1999-2009) study. In analyses of clutch mass, clutch size, and egg mass, we used body mass to correct for female size. Results: Consistent with predictions from life-history theory, the mean size and age of reproducing females declined, with one decline in size following the initial pike introduction and another after sport-fish stocking of salmonids was discontinued. The principal age at reproduction gradually shifted from two years to one year of age, with few females surviving to reproduce in a second year. Clutch mass and clutch size declined, suggesting non-consumptive predation-risk effects resembling those of nutrient deprivation. Egg mass showed an overall decline, with a moderate, temporary increase near the end of the study period. [Heins, David C.; Knoper, Helen] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA; [Baker, John A.] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA Heins, DC (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. heins@tulane.edu Newcomb Foundation; Newcomb College Institute We especially thank Robert Massengill, Fisheries Biologist II, ADF&G Sport Fish Division, Soldotna, Alaska, who provided us with information from reports, unpublished data, and records of the ADF&G, which are indicated as personal communications in the text. He provided the anonymous personal communication with the Alaska Wildlife Trooper. He also made important comments on drafts of the manuscript. David Heins was supported by grants from the Newcomb Foundation and the Newcomb College Institute. Rich King and a number of undergraduate students at Tulane University assisted with field collections. A number of undergraduate students at Tulane helped with the dissections of fish specimens and processing of the data, most notably Kelsie Davis and Dillon Green. 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MAY 2016 17 3 355 372 18 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity DP0GV WOS:000378168300004 2018-11-12 J Smith, SM; Nager, RG; Costantini, D Smith, Shona M.; Nager, Ruedi G.; Costantini, David Meta-analysis indicates that oxidative stress is both a constraint on and a cost of growth ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Antioxidants; enzymes; growth rate; life-history theory; oxidative damage; reactive oxygen species; trade-offs OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION; TRANSGENIC COHO SALMON; CATCH-UP GROWTH; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; METABOLIC-RATE; SHORT-TERM; LIFE-SPAN; DAMAGE; EVOLUTION Oxidative stress (OS) as a proximate mechanism for life-history trade-offs is widespread in the literature. One such resource allocation trade-off involves growth rate, and theory suggests that OS might act as both a constraint on and a cost of growth, yet studies investigating this have produced conflicting results. Here, we use meta-analysis to investigate whether increased OS levels impact on growth (OS as a constraint on growth) and whether greater growth rates can increase OS (OS as a cost of growth). The role of OS as a constraint on growth was supported by the meta-analysis. Greater OS, in terms of either increased damage or reduced levels of antioxidants, was associated with reduced growth although the effect depended on the experimental manipulation used. Our results also support an oxidative cost of growth, at least in terms of increased oxidative damage, although faster growth was not associated with a change in antioxidant levels. These findings that OS can act as a constraint on growth support theoretical links between OS and animal life histories and provide evidence for a growth-self-maintenance trade-off. Furthermore, the apparent oxidative costs of growth imply individuals cannot alter this trade-off when faced with enhanced growth. We offer a starting platform for future research and recommend the use of oxidative damage biomarkers in nonlethal tissue to investigate the growth-OS relationship further. 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However, comparative tests on a large spatial scale are lacking, and the importance of metabolism for growth rates remains unclear both within and particularly across latitudes. 2. Songbirds exhibit strong interspecific variation in growth rates across geographic space, although within latitudes an association between metabolic rate and growth rate has not always been observed. Moreover, the hypothesis that differences in growth rates across latitudes reflect underlying differences in metabolism is untested. Here, we investigate these possibilities across north temperate, south temperate and tropical study sites. 3. Phylogenetic analyses showed that, for a given body mass, metabolic rates of north temperate nestlings were higher than tropical and south temperate species. Metabolic rates controlled for body mass correlated with post-natal growth rates both within and among latitudes. Offspring body mass explained substantial residual variation in growth rates as expected under classic allometric theory. 4. Our results suggest that variation in metabolic rates has an important influence on broad patterns of avian growth rates at a global scale. We suggest further studies that address the ecological and physiological costs and consequences of variation in metabolism and growth rates. [Ton, Riccardo] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA Ton, R (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. riccardo.ton@mso.umt.edu Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 U. S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; Drollinger-Dial Foundation; University of Montana IACUC We are thankful to our laboratory and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank many field assistants that helped with this project, in particular M. L. Markowsky, J. Olson, K. Corder, J.A. Brandauer, N. Gobbo, O. M. Sutto and V.J. Kerrigan. Sabah Parks and the Sabah Biodiversity Council in Malaysia, and Western Cape Nature Conservation Board in South Africa helped to make the present study possible. The U. S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178) and the Drollinger-Dial Foundation supported this work. We performed this research under the auspices of University of Montana IACUC protocol #059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors of this paper declare no conflict of interest. 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MAY 2016 30 5 743 748 10.1111/1365-2435.12548 6 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology DL9DN WOS:000375941800008 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Debecker, S; Sanmartin-Villar, I; de Guinea-Luengo, M; Cordero-Rivera, A; Stoks, R Debecker, Sara; Sanmartin-Villar, Iago; de Guinea-Luengo, Miguel; Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo; Stoks, Robby Integrating the pace-of-life syndrome across species, sexes and individuals: covariation of life history and personality under pesticide exposure JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article Bateman's principle; behavioural syndromes; complex life cycle; consistent individual differences; coping style; hydroperiod; life-history theory; personality-productivity hypothesis; sexual size dimorphism; voltinism SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; RISK TRADE-OFF; WATER HABITAT GRADIENT; BODY-SIZE; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; DAMSELFLY LARVAE; SLOW PACE; GROWTH; SELECTION; ODONATA The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis integrates covariation of life-history traits along a fast-slow continuum and covariation of behavioural traits along a proactive-reactive personality continuum. Few studies have investigated these predicted life-history/personality associations among species and between sexes. Furthermore, whether and how contaminants interfere with POLS patterns remains unexplored. We tested for covariation patterns in life history and in behaviour, and for life-history/personality covariation among species, among individuals within species and between sexes. Moreover, we investigated whether pesticide exposure affects covariation between life history and behaviour and whether species and sexes with a faster POLS strategy have a higher sensitivity to pesticides. We reared larvae of four species of Ischnura damselflies in a common garden experiment with an insecticide treatment (chlorpyrifos absent/present) in the final instar. We measured four life-history traits (larval growth rate during the pesticide treatment, larval development time, adult mass and life span) and two behavioural traits (larval feeding activity and boldness, each before and after the pesticide treatment). At the individual level, life-history traits and behavioural traits aligned along a fast-slow and a proactive-reactive continuum, respectively. Species-specific differences in life history, with fast-lived species having a faster larval growth and development, a lower mass at emergence and a shorter life span, suggested that time constraints in the larval stage were predictably driving life-history evolution both in the larval stage and across metamorphosis in the adult stage. Across species, females were consistently more slow-lived than males, reflecting that a large body size and a long life span are generally more important for females. In contrast to the POLS hypothesis, there was only little evidence for the expected positive coupling between life-history pace and proactivity. Pesticide exposure decreased larval growth rate and affected life-history/personality covariation in the most fast-lived species. Our study supports the existence of life-history and behavioural continua with limited support for life-history/personality covariation. Variation in digestive physiology may explain this decoupling of life history and behaviour and provide valuable mechanistic insights to understand and predict the occurrence of life-history/personality covariation patterns. [Debecker, Sara; Sanmartin-Villar, Iago; de Guinea-Luengo, Miguel; Stoks, Robby] Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Charles Deberiotstr 32,Bus 2439, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium; [Sanmartin-Villar, Iago; Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo] Univ Vigo, Escola Enxenaria Forestal, Grp ECOEVO, Campus A Xunqueira S-N, Pontevedra 36005, Galiza, Spain Debecker, S (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Charles Deberiotstr 32,Bus 2439, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. sara.debecker@bio.kuleuven.be Debecker, Sara/0000-0002-6097-5307 Spanish Ministry [CGL2011-22629]; FEDER funds; FWO-Flanders [G.0704.13]; KULeuven Excellence Center Financing [PF/2010/07] We thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for valuable comments on the manuscript, Cedric Vanappelghem, Christophe Brochard, Geert De Knijf, Rosa Ana Sanchez Guillen, Marie Van Dievel, Lieven Therry and Janne Swaegers for help with the collection of the damselflies, and Rony Van Aerschot and Ria Van Houdt for help during the laboratory experiment. SD is a PhD fellow of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). This work was supported by research grant CGL2011-22629 from the Spanish Ministry with competences in Science, including FEDER funds, to ACR and ISV, and research grant G.0704.13 from FWO-Flanders and KULeuven Excellence Center Financing PF/2010/07 to RS. We declare no conflict of interest. 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Anim. Ecol. MAY 2016 85 3 726 738 10.1111/1365-2656.12499 13 Ecology; Zoology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology DK7QS WOS:000375121400014 26845756 2018-11-12 J Shalev, I; Belsky, J Shalev, Idan; Belsky, Jay Early-life stress and reproductive cost: A two-hit developmental model of accelerated aging? MEDICAL HYPOTHESES English Article TELOMERE LENGTH; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; TRADE-OFF; DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAMMALIAN TARGET; CHILDHOOD TRAUMA; FITNESS COSTS; POOR HEALTH; STEM-CELLS Two seemingly independent bodies of research suggest a two-hit model of accelerated aging, one highlighting early-life stress and the other reproduction. The first, informed by developmental models of early life stress, highlights reduced longevity effects of early adversity on telomere erosion, whereas the second, informed by evolutionary theories of aging, highlights such effects with regard to reproductive cost (in females). The fact that both early-life adversity and reproductive effort are associated with shorter telomeres and increased oxidative stress raises the prospect, consistent with life-history theory, that these two theoretical frameworks currently informing much research are tapping into the same evolutionary developmental process of increased senescence and reduced longevity. Here we propose a mechanistic view of a two-hit model of accelerated aging in human females through (a) early-life adversity and (b) early reproduction, via a process of telomere erosion, while highlighting mediating biological embedding mechanisms that might link these two developmental aging processes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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A 'slow pace of life' in Australian old-endemic passerine birds is not accompanied by low basal metabolic rates JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY English Article Australian passerines; Basal metabolic rate; Pace-of-life; Life history; Tropical vs. temperate EXTENDED PARENTAL CARE; TROPICAL BIRDS; PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL; HISTORY EVOLUTION; ORGAN SIZE; R PACKAGE; WATER; THERMOREGULATION; ENVIRONMENT; HONEYEATERS Life history theory suggests that species experiencing high extrinsic mortality rates allocate more resources toward reproduction relative to self-maintenance and reach maturity earlier ('fast pace of life') than those having greater life expectancy and reproducing at a lower rate ('slow pace of life'). Among birds, many studies have shown that tropical species have a slower pace of life than temperate-breeding species. The pace of life has been hypothesized to affect metabolism and, as predicted, tropical birds have lower basal metabolic rates (BMR) than temperate-breeding birds. However, many temperate-breeding Australian passerines belong to lineages that evolved in Australia and share 'slow' life-history traits that are typical of tropical birds. We obtained BMR from 30 of these 'old-endemics' and ten sympatric species of more recently arrived passerine lineages (derived from Afro-Asian origins or introduced by Europeans) with 'faster' life histories. The BMR of 'slow' temperate-breeding old-endemics was indistinguishable from that of new-arrivals and was not lower than the BMR of 'fast' temperate-breeding non-Australian passerines. Old-endemics had substantially smaller clutches and longer maximal life spans in the wild than new arrivals, but neither clutch size nor maximum life span was correlated with BMR. Our results suggest that low BMR in tropical birds is not functionally linked to their 'slow pace of life' and instead may be a consequence of differences in annual thermal conditions experienced by tropical versus temperate species. [Bech, Claus; Chappell, Mark A.; Astheimer, Lee B.; Buttemer, William A.] Univ Wollongong, Australian Flora & Fauna Res Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [Bech, Claus] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Chappell, Mark A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Astheimer, Lee B.] Univ Wollongong, Dept Biomed Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [Astheimer, Lee B.; Buttemer, William A.] Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia; [Londono, Gustavo A.] Univ Icesi, Fac Ciencias Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Cali, Colombia Buttemer, WA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Australian Flora & Fauna Res Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.; Buttemer, WA (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia. buttemer@deakin.edu.au Bech, Claus/C-1086-2011 Bech, Claus/0000-0002-0860-0663; Buttemer, William/0000-0003-3176-4452 Australian Research Council [A19600561, DP0453021]; Australian Flora and Fauna Research Centre; U.C. Riverside Academic Senate funds; National Science Foundation [DEB-1120682]; Norwegian University of Science and Technology All procedures used in these studies were approved by the University of Wollongong Animal Ethics Committee in accordance with the National Health and Medical Research Council Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes. The study was supported by funds from the Australian Research Council (Grant Nos. A19600561 and DP0453021) and the Australian Flora and Fauna Research Centre (to WAB and LBA), U.C. Riverside Academic Senate funds (to MAC), National Science Foundation grant DEB-1120682 (to S. K. Robinson and MAC) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (to CB). 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The first hypothesis, rooted in life history theory, is that the sex differences develop among children who experience adverse environmental conditions (e.g., harsh parenting). The second hypothesis, grounded in gender self-socialization theory, is that the sex differences develop among children who identify confidently with their gender collective. Data from an ethnically/racially diverse sample (443 girls, 420 boys; M age=11.1 years) supported the second hypothesis: Sex differences were evident mainly among children who felt gender-typical, were content with their gender, or felt pressure to avoid cross-sex behavior. Further, sex differences were generally smaller rather than larger among children experiencing adverse environments. [Pauletti, Rachel E.; Aults, Christopher D.; Perry, David G.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA; [Cooper, Patrick J.] Lynn Univ, Boca Raton, FL USA; [Hodges, Ernest V. 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MAY 2016 25 2 390 404 10.1111/sode.12140 15 Psychology, Developmental Psychology DJ5PA WOS:000374260300010 2018-11-12 J Blount, JD; Vitikainen, EIK; Stott, I; Cant, MA Blount, Jonathan D.; Vitikainen, Emma I. K.; Stott, Iain; Cant, Michael A. Oxidative shielding and the cost of reproduction BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS English Article ageing; fetal programming; oxidative shielding hypothesis; oxidative stress; life-history trade-off; reactive oxygen species LONG-LIVED BIRD; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; IN-HOUSE MICE; VITAMIN-E; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DAIRY-COWS; WILD BIRD; PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION Life-history theory assumes that reproduction and lifespan are constrained by trade-offs which prevent their simultaneous increase. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the possibility that this cost of reproduction is mediated by oxidative stress. However, empirical tests of this theory have yielded equivocal support. We carried out a meta-analysis to examine associations between reproduction and oxidative damage across markers and tissues. We show that oxidative damage is positively associated with reproductive effort across females of various species. Yet paradoxically, categorical comparisons of breeders versus non-breeders reveal that transition to the reproductive state is associated with a step-change reduction in oxidative damage in certain tissues and markers. Developing offspring may be particularly sensitive to harm caused by oxidative damage in mothers. Therefore, such reductions could potentially function to shield reproducing mothers, gametes and developing offspring from oxidative insults that inevitably increase as a consequence of reproductive effort. According to this perspective, we hypothesise that the cost of reproduction is mediated by dual impacts of maternally-derived oxidative damage on mothers and offspring, and that mothers may be selected to diminish such damage. Such oxidative shielding may explain why many existing studies have concluded that reproduction has little or no oxidative cost. Future advance in life-history theory therefore needs to take account of potential transgenerational impacts of the mechanisms underlying life-history trade-offs. [Blount, Jonathan D.; Vitikainen, Emma I. 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Rev. MAY 2016 91 2 483 497 10.1111/brv.12179 15 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics DJ0PM WOS:000373906400012 25765468 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Ferrell, JD Jonason, Peter K.; Ferrell, Jason D. Looking under the hood: The psychogenic motivational foundations of the Dark Triad PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Narcissism; Psychopathy; Machiavellianism; Motivation; Evolutionary Psychology TERM MATING STRATEGY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DIRTY DOZEN; PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; SELF-DETERMINATION; MACHIAVELLIANISM; EVOLUTIONARY; PSYCHOPATHY; NARCISSISM The Dark Triad traits (i.e., psychopathy, narcissism, & Machiavellianism) have become a popular topic in personality psychology and in the media and may have important evolutionary significance. To provide new insight into the Dark Triad traits, we present four studies (N = 2506) with two measures of the Dark Triad traits, in two volunteer, one mTurk, and one American undergraduate sample using three frameworks of individual differences in psychogenic motives (i.e., achievement, power, and, affiliation). Although results were not fully robust to method and sampling variance, all three traits were associated with motivations towards trying to be dominant and powerful, but only narcissism was motivated by affiliation or intimacy needs. Sex differences in the Dark Triad traits were often accounted for by individual differences in the intimacy and power motives. The Discussion highlights the utility of evolutionary models to improve our understanding of the motivational systems "under the hood" of those characterized by the Dark Triad traits. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Jonason, Peter K.] Univ Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia; [Ferrell, Jason D.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Milperra, NSW 2214, Australia. p.jonason@uws.edu.au Army Research Institute [W5J9CQ12C0043] Preparation of this manuscript was aided by funding from the Army Research Institute (W5J9CQ12C0043). The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors, and shall not be construed as official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other documents. 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Individ. Differ. MAY 2016 94 324 331 10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.039 8 Psychology, Social Psychology DG2YN WOS:000371936800052 2018-11-12 J Zhao, HH; Zhang, HY; Xu, Y Zhao, Huanhuan; Zhang, Heyun; Xu, Yan Does the Dark Triad of Personality Predict Corrupt Intention? The Mediating Role of Belief in Good Luck FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Article Machiavellianism; narcissism; psychopathy; belief in good luck; corruption LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; IRRATIONAL BELIEFS; UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR; PROSPECT-THEORY; RISK; NARCISSISM; MACHIAVELLIANISM; TRAITS; PERFORMANCE; PSYCHOPATHY The current study is the first attempt to examine the association between the Dark Triad of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and corruption through a mediator belief in good luck. Based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, we assumed that individuals with Dark Triad would be more likely to engage in corruption as a result of belief in good luck. In Study 1, a set of hypothetical scenarios was used to assess the bribe-offering intention and the corresponding belief in good luck. Results indicated that while the Dark Triad of personality positively predicted bribe-offering intention, it was mediated by the belief in good luck in gain-seeking. In Study 2, we presented participants with some hypothetical scenarios of bribe-taking and the corresponding belief in good luck. Findings revealed that the Dark Triad of personality was positively related to bribe-taking intention; the relationship between narcissism and bribe-taking intention, and that between psychopathy and bribe-taking intention was mediated by the belief in good luck in penalty-avoidance. However, this belief in good luck did not mediate the relationship between Machiavellianism and bribe-taking intention. These results hold while controlling for demographic variables, dispositional optimism, and self-efficacy. Taken together, this study extended previous research by providing evidence that belief in good luck may be one of the reasons explaining why people with Dark Triad are more likely to engage in corruption regardless of the potential outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. [Zhao, Huanhuan; Zhang, Heyun; Xu, Yan] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China Xu, Y (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. xuyan@bnu.edu.cn National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2012BAI36B03] This research was funded by grants from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2012BAI36B03). We want to thank Nikolaos Ceorgantzis and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript; and a special thank you goes to Zhujiang Zhang for help in the language editing process. 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APR 28 2016 7 608 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00608 16 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DK5BH WOS:000374934200001 27199841 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J van der Vaart, E; Johnston, ASA; Sibly, RM van der Vaart, Elske; Johnston, Alice S. A.; Sibly, Richard M. Predicting how many animals will be where: How to build, calibrate and evaluate individual-based models ECOLOGICAL MODELLING English Article Energy budget; Individual-based models; Population dynamics; Approximate Bayesian Computation; Parameter estimation; Model selection APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; EISENIA-FOETIDA SAVIGNY; ENERGY BUDGET THEORY; AGENT-BASED MODELS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL MODELS; SIMULATION-MODELS; GROWTH; PARAMETERS; FAT Individual-based models (IBMs) can simulate the actions of individual animals as they interact with one another and the landscape in which they live. When used in spatially-explicit landscapes IBMs can show how populations change over time in response to management actions. For instance, IBMs are being used to design strategies of conservation and of the exploitation of fisheries, and for assessing the effects on populations of major construction projects and of novel agricultural chemicals. In such real world contexts, it becomes especially important to build IBMs in a principled fashion, and to approach calibration and evaluation systematically. We argue that insights from physiological and behavioural ecology offer a recipe for building realistic models, and that Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a promising technique for the calibration and evaluation of IBMs. IBMs are constructed primarily from knowledge about individuals. In ecological applications the relevant knowledge is found in physiological and behavioural ecology, and we approach these from an evolutionary perspective by taking into account how physiological and behavioural processes contribute to life histories, and how those life histories evolve. Evolutionary life history theory shows that, other things being equal, organisms should grow to sexual maturity as fast as possible, and then reproduce as fast as possible, while minimising per capita death rate. Physiological and behavioural ecology are largely built on these principles together with the laws of conservation of matter and energy. To complete construction of an IBM information is also needed on the effects of competitors, conspecifics and food scarcity; the maximum rates of ingestion, growth and reproduction, and life-history parameters. Using this knowledge about physiological and behavioural processes provides a principled way to build IBMs, but model parameters vary between species and are often difficult to measure. A common solution is to manually compare model outputs with observations from real landscapes and so to obtain parameters which produce acceptable fits of model to data. However, this procedure can be convoluted and lead to over-calibrated and thus inflexible models. Many formal statistical techniques are unsuitable for use with IBMs, but we argue that ABC offers a potential way forward. It can be used to calibrate and compare complex stochastic models and to assess the uncertainty in their predictions. We describe methods used to implement ABC in an accessible way and illustrate them with examples and discussion of recent studies. Although much progress has been made, theoretical issues remain, and some of these are outlined and discussed. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [van der Vaart, Elske; Johnston, Alice S. A.; Sibly, Richard M.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Harborne Bldg, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England van der Vaart, E (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Harborne Bldg, Reading RG6 6AS, Berks, England. e.e.vandervaart@reading.ac.uk; a.s.a.johnston@pgr.reading.ac.uk; r.m.sibly@reading.ac.uk Sibly, Richard/0000-0001-6828-3543 Natural Environmental Resource Council [NE/K006282/1]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [978605]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K006282/1] This work was supported by the Natural Environmental Resource Council [grant number NE/K006282/1, awarded to RM Sibly, M Beaumont, A Meade, PJ van Leeuwen and NK Nichols]. This work used the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service (http://www.archer.ac.uk). We are very grateful to Volker Grimm and two anonymous referees for constructive comments. 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To date, a strong focus has been on the relationship between early stress, earlier menarche and first child birth in women. These associations, found predominately in high-income countries, have been usefully interpreted within life-history theory frameworks. Fertility, on the other hand-a missing link between an individual's early environment, reproductive strategy and fitness-has received little attention. Here, we synthesize this literature by examining the associations between early adversity, age at menarche and fertility and fecundity in women. We examine the evidence that potential mechanisms such as birth weight, childhood body composition, risky health behaviours and developmental influences on attractiveness link the early environment and fecundity and fertility. The evidence that menarche is associated with fertility and fecundity is good. Currently, owing to the small number of correlational studies and mixed methodologies, the evidence that early adversity predicts fecundity and fertility is not conclusive. This area of research is in its infancy; studies examining early adversity and adult fertility decisions that can also examine likely biological, social and psychological pathways present opportunities for future fertility research. [Coall, D. A.; Tickner, M.] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Joondalup, WA, Australia; [Coall, D. A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychiat & Clin Neurosci, Crawley, WA, Australia; [McAllister, L. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. APR 19 2016 371 1692 20150146 10.1098/rstb.2015.0146 11 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics DK4WT WOS:000374921700010 27022073 Bronze, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Lawson, DW; Mulder, MB Lawson, David W.; Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff The offspring quantity - quality trade-off and human fertility variation PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Review life-history theory; demographic transition; parental investment LONG-TERM FITNESS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; CLUTCH SIZE; LIFE-HISTORY; SIBLING COMPETITION; FAMILY-SIZE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RESOURCE DILUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION The idea that trade-offs between offspring quantity and quality shape reproductive behaviour has long been central to economic perspectives on fertility. It also has a parallel and richer theoretical foundation in evolutionary ecology. We review the application of the quantity-quality trade-off concept to human reproduction, emphasizing distinctions between clutch size and lifetime fertility, and the wider set of forces contributing to fertility variation in iteroparous and sexually reproducing species like our own. We then argue that in settings approximating human evolutionary history, several factors limit costly sibling competition. Consequently, while the optimization of quantity-quality trade-offs undoubtedly shaped the evolution of human physiology setting the upper limits of reproduction, we argue it plays a modest role in accounting for socio-ecological and individual variation in fertility. Only upon entering the demographic transition can fertility limitation be clearly interpreted as strategically orientated to advancing offspring quality via increased parental investment per child, with low fertility increasing descendant socio-economic success, although not reproductive success. We conclude that existing economic and evolutionary literature has often overemphasized the centrality of quantity-quality trade-offs to human fertility variation and advocate for the development of more holistic frameworks encompassing alternative life-history trade-offs and the evolved mechanisms guiding their resolution. [Lawson, David W.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Populat Hlth, London WC1, England; [Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Lawson, DW (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. david.lawson@lshtm.ac.uk UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Fellowship [MR/K021672/1]; UK Department for International Development (DFID) [MR/K021672/1]; Medical Research Council [MR/K021672/1] This review was supported by a UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Fellowship to the first author (grant no. MR/K021672/1), jointly funded with the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. APR 19 2016 371 1692 20150145 10.1098/rstb.2015.0145 11 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics DK4WT WOS:000374921700004 27022072 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Towner, MC; Nenko, I; Walton, SE Towner, Mary C.; Nenko, Ilona; Walton, Savannah E. Why do women stop reproducing before menopause? A life-history approach to age at last birth PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Review age at last birth; stopping reproduction; reproductive cessation; infertility; menopause; life-history theory NATURAL FERTILITY POPULATIONS; RURAL BANGLADESH; SPACING BEHAVIOR; FAMILY-SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; SEXUAL ABSTINENCE; CHILD SURVIVAL; LONGEVITY; CHILDBEARING; EVOLUTIONARY Evolutionary biologists have long considered menopause to be a fundamental puzzle in understanding human fertility behaviour, as post-menopausal women are no longer physiologically capable of direct reproduction. Menopause typically occurs between 45 and 55 years of age, but across cultures and history, women often stop reproducing many years before menopause. Unlike age at first reproduction or even birth spacing, a woman nearing the end of her reproductive cycle is able to reflect upon the offspring she already has-their numbers and phenotypic qualities, including sexes. This paper reviews demographic data on age at last birth both across and within societies, and also presents a case study of age at last birth in rural Bangladeshi women. In this Bangladeshi sample, age at last birth preceded age at menopause by an average of 11 years, with marked variation around that mean, even during a period of high fertility. Moreover, age at last birth was not strongly related to age at menopause. Our literature review and case study provide evidence that stopping behaviour needs to be more closely examined as an important part of human reproductive strategies and life-history theory. Menopause may be a final marker of permanent reproductive cessation, but it is only one piece of the evolutionary puzzle. [Towner, Mary C.; Walton, Savannah E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA; [Nenko, Ilona] Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Krakow, Poland; [Walton, Savannah E.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Psychol, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA Towner, MC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. mary.towner@okstate.edu Towner, Mary/0000-0002-0784-1860 Foundation for Polish Science; NSF REU Biological Basis of Human and Animal Behavior program (NSF) [SMA 1358847] I.N. was supported by a fellowship from the Foundation for Polish Science, and S.W. by the NSF REU Biological Basis of Human and Animal Behavior program (NSF SMA 1358847). 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. APR 19 2016 371 1692 20150147 10.1098/rstb.2015.0147 11 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics DK4WT WOS:000374921700011 27022074 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Bolund, E; Lummaa, V; Smith, KR; Hanson, HA; Maklakov, AA Bolund, Elisabeth; Lummaa, Virpi; Smith, Ken R.; Hanson, Heidi A.; Maklakov, Alexei A. Reduced costs of reproduction in females mediate a shift from a male-biased to a female-biased lifespan in humans SCIENTIFIC REPORTS English Article INTRALOCUS SEXUAL CONFLICT; NATURAL-SELECTION; DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; HISTORY EVOLUTION; MORTALITY-RATES; TRADE-OFFS; LONGEVITY; FERTILITY; SENESCENCE; HEALTH The causes underlying sex differences in lifespan are strongly debated. While females commonly outlive males in humans, this is generally less pronounced in societies before the demographic transition to low mortality and fertility rates. Life-history theory suggests that reduced reproduction should benefit female lifespan when females pay higher costs of reproduction than males. Using unique longitudinal demographic records on 140,600 reproducing individuals from the Utah Population Database, we demonstrate a shift from male-biased to female-biased adult lifespans in individuals born before versus during the demographic transition. Only women paid a cost of reproduction in terms of shortened post-reproductive lifespan at high parities. Therefore, as fertility decreased over time, female lifespan increased, while male lifespan remained largely stable, supporting the theory that differential costs of reproduction in the two sexes result in the shifting patterns of sex differences in lifespan across human populations. Further, our results have important implications for demographic forecasts in human populations and advance our understanding of lifespan evolution. [Bolund, Elisabeth; Maklakov, Alexei A.] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [Lummaa, Virpi] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland; [Lummaa, Virpi] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Smith, Ken R.] Univ Utah, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Family & Consumer Studies & Populat Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; [Hanson, Heidi A.] Univ Utah, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Family & Prevent Med & Populat Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA Bolund, E (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. elisabeth.bolund@ebc.uu.se Maklakov, Alexei/F-8167-2014 Maklakov, Alexei/0000-0002-5809-1203; Hanson, Heidi/0000-0003-0056-196X Huntsman Cancer Foundation; Wenner-Gren-Foundations; European Research Council; Academy of Finland; Swedish Research Council; National Institutes of Health [AG022095] This study has been approved by the University of Utah's Resource for Genetic and Epidemiologic Research and its Institutional Review Board. We thank the Pedigree and Population Resource of the Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (funded in part by the Huntsman Cancer Foundation) for its role in the ongoing collection, maintenance and support of the Utah Population Database (UPDB). We are grateful to the Wenner-Gren-Foundations (E.B.), the European Research Council (A.A.M.), the Academy of Finland (VL), the Swedish Research Council (A.A.M.) and the National Institutes of Health (Grant AG022095 (K.S) for funding. Austad Steven N, 2006, Gend Med, V3, P79, DOI 10.1016/S1550-8579(06)80198-1; Bean L. 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T.; Andrade, Humber; Santana, Francisco M.; Lessa, Rosangela Age, Growth and Spatial Distribution of the Life Stages of the Shortfin Mako, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810) Caught in the Western and Central Atlantic PLOS ONE English Article NORTH-ATLANTIC; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PELAGIC SHARKS; PACIFIC; VALIDATION; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; MATURITY; MEXICO The shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a highly migratory pelagic shark that preferentially inhabits oceanic regions in practically all oceans. The wide distribution range of this species renders it susceptible to coastal and oceanic fishing operations. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) consider this species to be highly vulnerable, especially due to its biological parameters, which are different from those of other sharks that occupy the same niche (e.g., Prionace glauca). Consequently, considerable declines in abundance have been detected over various parts of its range, most of which are linked to oceanic longline fishing. The species has conflicting life history parameters in studies conducted in the last 30 years, especially with regard to age and growth. The main discrepancies regard the interpretation of the periodicity of the deposition of band pairs (BPs) on vertebrae and the possibility of ontogenetic variations in growth. Shortfin mako sharks (n = 1325) were sampled by onboard observers of the Brazilian chartered pelagic longline fleet based in northeast Brazil from 2005 to 2011. Lengths were 79 to 250 and 73 to 296 cm (fork length, FL) for males and females, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in size between sexes and differences in the proportion of individuals in each size class. The onboard observers collected a subsample of vertebrae (n = 467), only 234 of which were suitable for analyses. Reliability between readings was satisfactory. However, it was not possible to validate periodicity in the formation of age bands in the sample. Thus, the von Bertalanffy growth function was used to calculate growth rates for the species through the interpretation of BPs in different scenarios: one BP per year (s1), two BPs per year (s2) and two BPs per year until five years of life (s3). Growth parameters varied for both females (Linf = 309.7[s3] to 441.6 [s1]; k = 0.04[s1] to 0.13[s3]; t0 = -7.08[s1] and -3.27[s3]) and males (Linf = 291.5[s3] to 340.2[s1]; k = 0.04[s1] to 0.13[s3]; t0 = -7.08[s1] and -3.27[s3]). To advance the understanding of the use of habitat, the first analysis of the spatial distribution of the life stages of the shortfin mako sharks caught by commercial longline fishing operations in the South Atlantic was performed. The findings indicate that the portion of the population exploited by the fleets is predominantly juvenile and future actions should take the following issues into account: improvements in the efficiency of data collection procedures, the reestablishment of the onboard observer program, emergency investments in studies that can contribute to a better understanding of habitat use and life history theory. [Barreto, Rodrigo R.; de Farias, Wialla K. T.; Santana, Francisco M.; Lessa, Rosangela] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, Lab Dinam Populacoes Marinhas DIMAR, Recife, PE, Brazil; [Andrade, Humber] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, Lab Modelagem Estat MOE, Recife, PE, Brazil Barreto, RR (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, Lab Dinam Populacoes Marinhas DIMAR, Recife, PE, Brazil. rodrigorpbarreto@gmail.com Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco-FACEPE; CNPq (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development) This study was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco-FACEPE (http://www.facepe.br/): Scholarship to R.B. This work was also supported in part by CNPq (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development): Productivity Grant to R.L. 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Ten principles from evolutionary ecology essential for effective marine conservation ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Review Conservation; demography; extinction risk; fish; life-history theory; management; reference points; sustainability LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; CORAL-REEF FISHES; STOCK ASSESSMENT; REFERENCE POINTS; EXTINCTION RISK; POPULATION REGULATION; OFFSPRING SIZE; EGG-PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOW ABUNDANCE Sustainably managing marine species is crucial for the future health of the human population. Yet there are diverse perspectives concerning which species can be exploited sustainably, and how best to do so. Motivated by recent debates in the published literature over marine conservation challenges, we review ten principles connecting life-history traits, population growth rate, and density-dependent population regulation. We introduce a framework for categorizing life histories, POSE (Precocial-Opportunistic-Survivor-Episodic), which illustrates how a species' life-history traits determine a population's compensatory capacity. We show why considering the evolutionary context that has shaped life histories is crucial to sustainable management. We then review recent work that connects our framework to specific opportunities where the life-history traits of marine species can be used to improve current conservation practices. [Kindsvater, Holly K.; Reynolds, John D.; Dulvy, Nicholas K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Kindsvater, Holly K.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Kindsvater, HK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. holly.kindsvater@gmail.com Kindsvater, Holly/0000-0001-7580-4095; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 NSF [DBI-1305929, OCE 11-30483, DEB 14-51931]; NSERC HKK was supported by an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology and Math (DBI-1305929). MM was funded by NSF grants OCE 11-30483 and DEB 14-51931. JDR and NKD were each supported by NSERC Discovery Grants. 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Evol. APR 2016 6 7 2125 2138 10.1002/ece3.2012 14 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DJ2RE WOS:000374052000020 27069573 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Jones, PE; Senior, A; Allibone, RM; Closs, GP Jones, Peter E.; Senior, Alistair; Allibone, Richard M.; Closs, Gerard P. Life-history variation in a species complex of nonmigratory galaxiids ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH English Article life-history; trade-off; egg size; fecundity; species complex FRESH-WATER FISH; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; NEW-ZEALAND RIVER; EGG SIZE; BROWN-TROUT; POPULATION REGULATION; DIADROMOUS FISH; SOUTH ISLAND; TRADE-OFFS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY Life-history theory predicts that the optimal strategy in the trade-off between egg size and number varies in relation to resource availability and environmental disturbance. We assessed interspecific differences in egg size, fecundity and other life-history traits in a species complex of stream-resident galaxiid fish, which are distributed across a range of contrasting habitat types on the South Island, New Zealand. Oocyte size, fecundity and reproductive effort were measured from gravid females collected immediately before spawning. Proxy measures of stream productivity, flow variability and predation pressure were extracted from modelled data sets. A suite of different egg sizes were identified across species within the Galaxias vulgaris complex, with mean oocyte volume differing by up to 133% between species. The species with the smallest eggs showed mean size-relative fecundities 246% higher than the species with the largest eggs. A significant negative relationship was found between species' mean egg size and size-relative fecundity, suggesting a trade-off between these traits. Species with larger eggs had larger maternal body size, lower reproductive effort and delayed maturity compared to small-egg' species. Consistent with the predictions of life-history theory, species with larger eggs, lower size-relative fecundity, lower reproductive effort and delayed maturity were associated with low productivity, stable streams, whereas species exhibiting the opposite set of traits occurred in relatively productive but disturbed systems. [Jones, Peter E.; Closs, Gerard P.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, 340 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; [Senior, Alistair] Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Senior, Alistair] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Allibone, Richard M.] Golder Associates NZ Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand Jones, PE (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, 340 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. pelwynjones@hotmail.com Department of Zoology (University of Otago); University of Otago Doctoral Scholarship We would like to thank Lance Dorsey, Manna Warburton and Kim Garrett (University of Otago) for field assistance. Thank you also to Pete Ravenscroft, Daniel Jack and Ciaran Campbell (Department of Conservation) for fieldwork help and useful discussions of species' traits. Graham Wallis (University of Otago), Rune Knudsen (University of Tromso) and Andreas Bruder (University of Otago) gave valuable advice and comments on earlier drafts. We would also like to thank anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Department of Zoology (University of Otago), and PEJ was supported by a University of Otago Doctoral Scholarship. All work was conducted with approval from the Animal Ethics Committee at the University of Otago. 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Fish APR 2016 25 2 174 189 10.1111/eff.12200 16 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology DH2YH WOS:000372652900001 2018-11-12 J Baker, CW; Miller, CR; Thaweethai, T; Yuan, J; Baker, MH; Joyce, P; Weinreich, DM Baker, Christopher W.; Miller, Craig R.; Thaweethai, Tanayott; Yuan, Jeffrey; Baker, Meghan Hollibaugh; Joyce, Paul; Weinreich, Daniel M. Genetically Determined Variation in Lysis Time Variance in the Bacteriophage phi X174 G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS English Article lysis time; variance; genetics of adaptation; evolutionary theory; life history ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-E; EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION; FIXATION PROBABILITY; INFECTION; MODEL; DNA; ATTACHMENT; MUTATIONS; VIRUSES Researchers in evolutionary genetics recently have recognized an exciting opportunity in decomposing beneficial mutations into their proximal, mechanistic determinants. The application of methods and concepts from molecular biology and life history theory to studies of lytic bacteriophages (phages) has allowed them to understand how natural selection sees mutations influencing life history. This work motivated the research presented here, in which we explored whether, under consistent experimental conditions, small differences in the genome of bacteriophage phi X174 could lead to altered life history phenotypes among a panel of eight genetically distinct clones. We assessed the clones' phenotypes by applying a novel statistical framework to the results of a serially sampled parallel infection assay, in which we simultaneously inoculated each of a large number of replicate host volumes with approximate to 1 phage particle. We sequentially plated the volumes over the course of infection and counted the plaques that formed after incubation. These counts served as a proxy for the number of phage particles in a single volume as a function of time. From repeated assays, we inferred significant, genetically determined heterogeneity in lysis time and burst size, including lysis time variance. These findings are interesting in light of the genetic and phenotypic constraints on the single-protein lysis mechanism of phi X174. We speculate briefly on the mechanisms underlying our results, and we discuss the potential importance of lysis time variance in viral evolution. [Baker, Christopher W.; Thaweethai, Tanayott; Yuan, Jeffrey; Baker, Meghan Hollibaugh; Weinreich, Daniel M.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Weinreich, Daniel M.] Brown Univ, Ctr Computat Mol Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Miller, Craig R.; Joyce, Paul] Univ Idaho, Dept Math, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; [Miller, Craig R.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; [Miller, Craig R.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Modeling Complex Interact, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; [Baker, Christopher W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Thaweethai, Tanayott] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Yuan, Jeffrey] Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat IDP, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Baker, Meghan Hollibaugh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA Baker, CW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. baker03@g.harvard.edu Baker, Christopher/0000-0002-0819-882X Brown Division of Biology and Medicine; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0638688]; National Institutes of Health [R01-GM076040]; NSF under EPSCoR [0554548, EPS-1004057] We thank Olivier Tenaillion, Amber Stancik, Celeste Brown, Rohit Kongari, and Ry Young for providing the bacterial and phage strains used in this study. Additionally, we thank Darin Rokyta for providing us with the E. coli starvation protocol and Sohini Ramachandran for offering feedback on an early draft of this manuscript. We also are grateful for support from the Brown Division of Biology and Medicine to D.M.W., from the Brown Dean of the College to J.Y., and from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (G-K12 Award 0638688 to T. Herbert) to support M.H.B. C.R.M. and P.J. were supported by grant number R01-GM076040 from the National Institutes of Health. This research is based in part upon work conducted using the Rhode Island Genomics and Sequencing Center, which is supported in part by the NSF under EPSCoR grants nos. 0554548 and EPS-1004057. 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APR 1 2016 6 4 939 955 10.1534/g3.115.024075 17 Genetics & Heredity Genetics & Heredity DJ2VI WOS:000374062800016 26921293 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Tartu, S; Bustamante, P; Angelier, F; Lendvai, AZ; Moe, B; Blevin, P; Bech, C; Gabrielsen, GW; Bustnes, JO; Chastel, O Tartu, Sabrina; Bustamante, Paco; Angelier, Frederic; Lendvai, Adam Z.; Moe, Borge; Blevin, Pierre; Bech, Claus; Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Chastel, Olivier Mercury exposure, stress and prolactin secretion in an Arctic seabird: an experimental study FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article arctic; black-legged kittiwake; breeding success; contaminants; corticosterone; endocrine disruptors; parental investment; parenting hormone BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; LONG-LIVED BIRD; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; NEST ABANDONMENT; CHANGING WORLD; ADELIE PENGUIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORTICOSTERONE Life-history theory predicts that long-lived organisms should reduce parental effort under inclement environmental conditions in order to favour long-term survival. Seabirds are long-lived top predators often exposed to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals such as mercury (Hg). Hg-contaminated birds show disrupted parental behaviour. Avian parental behaviour is governed by two key hormones in birds: corticosterone (CORT, a glucocorticoid hormone) and prolactin (PRL, a pituitary hormone involved in parental care). Any disruption of these hormones may alter the ability of an individual to adjust parental behaviour to environmental conditions. The first aim of this study was to describe the relationships between blood Hg concentrations, plasma PRL and reproductive performance in Arctic black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). We a found negative relationship between plasma initial PRL and blood Hg concentrations in males. Moreover, Hg concentration was negatively related to breeding success in chick-rearing males. Secondly, to study the effect of a chronic increase in CORT levels on the Hg-PRL relationship, we experimentally increased stress with CORT pellet implantation. We predicted that Hg and CORT would act synergistically on PRL and an increase in CORT concentration would steepen the Hg-PRL relationship. However, adding CORT did not steepen the Hg-PRL relationship. Hatching success was significantly lower in CORT-implanted males than in controls, and breeding success was not reduced in CORT-implanted male kittiwakes with high levels of blood Hg. Our results suggest that Hg may impair reproductive performance through a disruption of PRL secretion. Contrary to our prediction, Hg and CORT did not act synergistically and the underlying mechanisms associating CORT and Hg with PRL might be more complex than a single interaction between two factors. [Tartu, Sabrina; Angelier, Frederic; Blevin, Pierre; Chastel, Olivier] Univ La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7372, Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France; [Bustamante, Paco] Univ La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7266, Littoral Environm & Societes, F-17000 La Rochelle, France; [Lendvai, Adam Z.] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool & Human Biol, Egyet Ter 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; [Moe, Borge] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Hogskoleringen 9, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway; [Bech, Claus] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU, Dept Biol, Hogskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Gabrielsen, Geir W.] NPI, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, N-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Bustnes, Jan Ove] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, N-9296 Tromso, Norway Tartu, S (reprint author), Univ La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7372, Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. tartu.sabrina@gmail.com Moe, Borge/P-2946-2015; Bech, Claus/C-1086-2011; Bustamante, Paco/G-5833-2011 Moe, Borge/0000-0002-2306-1899; Bech, Claus/0000-0002-0860-0663; Bustamante, Paco/0000-0003-3877-9390 Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV) [330]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); CPER 13 (Contrat de Projet Etat Region); Hungarian Scientific Fund [OTKA K113108] This study was supported by the Institut Polaire Francais (IPEV project 330 to O. Chastel), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR project PolarTop to O. Chastel) and the CPER 13 (Contrat de Projet Etat Region) through the funding of the AMA. During the preparation of the manuscript, AZL held a grant from the Hungarian Scientific Fund (OTKA K113108). The authors thank C. Parenteau, C. Trouve, S. Dano, C. Churlaud and M. Brault-Favrou for their excellent technical assistance in hormones assays, molecular sexing and Hg assays, and two anonymous referees and an associate editor for their constructive and helpful comments. 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APR 2016 30 4 596 604 10.1111/1365-2435.12534 9 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology DJ0UV WOS:000373920800011 2018-11-12 J Patel, SA; Surkan, PJ Patel, Shivani A.; Surkan, Pamela J. Unwanted childbearing and household food insecurity in the United States MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION English Article child; child unwanted; food; food insecurity; unintended pregnancy LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; UNPLANNED PREGNANCIES; LESS LIKELIHOOD; HEALTH; CHILD; DEPRESSION; SECURITY; INSUFFICIENCY; CONSEQUENCES Household food insecurity is a population health concern disproportionately affecting families with children in the United States. Unwanted childbearing may place unanticipated strain on families to meet basic needs, heightening the risk for household food insecurity. We investigated the association between mother's and father's report of unwanted childbearing and exposure to household food insecurity among children residing in two-parent households in the United States. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort, a nationally representative cohort of US children (n approximate to 6150), were used to estimate the odds of household food insecurity when children were aged 9 months and 2 years, separately, based on parental report of unwanted childbearing. The majority of children were reported as wanted by both parents (74.4%). Of the sample, report of unwanted childbearing by father-only was 20.0%, mother-only was 3.4% and joint mother and father was 2.2%. Household food insecurity was higher when children were 9 months compared with 2 years. In adjusted models accounting for confounders, children born to mothers and fathers who jointly reported unwanted childbearing were at higher odds of exposure to household food insecurity at 9 months [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.97, 5.57] and 2 years (AOR=2.52; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.68). In two-parent households, we found that children raised by parents reporting unwanted childbearing were more likely to be exposed to food insecurity and potentially related stressors. Further studies that prospectively measure wantedness before the child's birth will aid in confirming the direction of this association. 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Child Nutr. APR 2016 12 2 362 372 10.1111/mcn.12143 11 Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics DI5AO WOS:000373510700014 25138233 Green Accepted 2018-11-12 J Richardson, GB; Dai, CL; Chen, CC; Nedelec, JL; Swoboda, CM; Chen, WW Richardson, George B.; Dai, Chia-Liang; Chen, Ching-Chen; Nedelec, Joseph L.; Swoboda, Christopher M.; Chen, Wei-Wen Adolescent Life History Strategy in the Intergenerational Transmission and Developmental Stability of Substance Use JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES English Article substance use; life history theory; life history strategy; evolution; structural equations EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; USE DISORDERS; DRUG-USE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SELF-CONTROL; FIT INDEXES; ADDICTION; TRAJECTORIES; PERSONALITY; ABUSE Research suggests that fast life history strategy (LHS) may be a primary driver of substance use among young adults. However, a recent study reported that (a) young adult fast LHS did not subsume all theorized indicators of LHS during this period and (b) fast LHS among parents did not predict young adult fast LHS or liability for use of common substances. In this study, we used structural equations and national data to test whether these findings generalized to adolescence. In addition, given that LHS and substance use share genetic and neuropsychological bases, we examined whether fast LHS could explain the developmental stability of substance use. Overall, our results extend the findings discussed above and suggest that fast LHS fully explains the developmental stability of substance use among youth. We discuss implications for life history models, research applying life history theory and substance use, and substance abuse prevention and treatment. 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Drug Issues APR 2016 46 2 102 121 10.1177/0022042615623986 20 Substance Abuse Substance Abuse DF0PK WOS:000371041100002 2018-11-12 J Czarna, AZ; Jonason, PK; Dufner, M; Kossowska, M Czarna, Anna Z.; Jonason, Peter K.; Dufner, Michael; Kossowska, Malgorzata The Dirty Dozen Scale: Validation of a Polish Version and Extension of the Nomological Net FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY English Article Dark Triad; Dirty Dozen; Machiavellianism; psychopathy; narcissism LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; TRIAD PERSONALITY-TRAITS; TERM MATING STRATEGY; DARK TRIAD; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE; SOCIAL-CONSEQUENCES; HONESTY-HUMILITY; SELF-ESTEEM; PSYCHOPATHY In five studies (total N = 1300) we developed and validated a Polish version of the Dirty Dozen measure (DTDD-P) that measures the three traits of the Dark Triad, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. We detail the presence and stability of a bifactor structure of the 12 items and present evidence for good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. We examine the nomological network surrounding the Dark Triad and show that both the Dark Triad total score and the subscales have acceptable validity. We also present evidence on the Dark Triad and moral behavior. Dark Triad predicts utilitarian moral choice (e.g., approval for sacrificing somebody's life for the sake of saving others) and this link is mediated by low empathic concern. In total, our results suggest that the Polish Dirty Dozen Parszywa Dwunastka-is valid, stable, and useful for the study of lingering puzzles in the literature. [Czarna, Anna Z.; Kossowska, Malgorzata] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Psychol, Fac Philosophy, Krakow, Poland; [Jonason, Peter K.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Bankstown, NSW, Australia; [Dufner, Michael] Univ Leipzig, Inst Psychol Personlichkeitspsychol & Psychol Dia, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany Czarna, AZ (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Psychol, Fac Philosophy, Krakow, Poland. anna.czarna@vp.pl Kossowska, Malgorzata/0000-0001-5509-4196; Czarna, Anna/0000-0002-9861-9455 National Science Center in Poland [DEC-2013/09/D/HS6/02982] The present research was supported by a grant awarded to the first author from the National Science Center (DEC-2013/09/D/HS6/02982) in Poland. 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Psychol. MAR 30 2016 7 445 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00445 12 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DH5ZE WOS:000372870000002 27065915 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Kramer, KL; Veile, A; Otarola-Castillo, E Kramer, Karen L.; Veile, Amanda; Otarola-Castillo, Erik Sibling Competition & Growth Tradeoffs. Biological vs. Statistical Significance PLOS ONE English Article MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CHILD UNDERNUTRITION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; TIME ALLOCATION; LINEAR GROWTH; BIRTH-ORDER; FAMILY-SIZE; WEIGHT-GAIN Early childhood growth has many downstream effects on future health and reproduction and is an important measure of offspring quality. While a tradeoff between family size and child growth outcomes is theoretically predicted in high-fertility societies, empirical evidence is mixed. This is often attributed to phenotypic variation in parental condition. However, inconsistent study results may also arise because family size confounds the potentially differential effects that older and younger siblings can have on young children's growth. Additionally, inconsistent results might reflect that the biological significance associated with different growth trajectories is poorly understood. This paper addresses these concerns by tracking children's monthly gains in height and weight from weaning to age five in a high fertility Maya community. We predict that: 1) as an aggregate measure family size will not have a major impact on child growth during the post weaning period; 2) competition from young siblings will negatively impact child growth during the post weaning period; 3) however because of their economic value, older siblings will have a negligible effect on young children's growth. Accounting for parental condition, we use linear mixed models to evaluate the effects that family size, younger and older siblings have on children's growth. Congruent with our expectations, it is younger siblings who have the most detrimental effect on children's growth. While we find statistical evidence of a quantity/quality tradeoff effect, the biological significance of these results is negligible in early childhood. Our findings help to resolve why quantity/quality studies have had inconsistent results by showing that sibling competition varies with sibling age composition, not just family size, and that biological significance is distinct from statistical significance. [Kramer, Karen L.] Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; [Veile, Amanda; Otarola-Castillo, Erik] Purdue Univ, Dept Anthropol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA Veile, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anthropol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. aveile@purdue.edu Otarola-Castillo, Erik/0000-0002-7806-494X National Science Foundation [0964031]; NSF [0964031] This research was supported by National Science Foundation, award #0964031. (nsf.gov). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Much appreciation to the Maya for their ongoing willingness and patience to participate in this study. We are particularly grateful to Maximiliano Moo Moo and Dra. Ada Fuentes for diligently facilitating the local anthropometry program. We thank Russell Greaves for his assistance in the field and Jeffrey Winking for giving us input on the manuscript. We appreciate the very helpful comments from Ed Hagen and Emily Emmott. This research was supported by NSF award #0964031. 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Life-history theory predicts that adult-level foraging performance should be reached prior to the start of reproduction, but for most species, we know little about age-specific foraging in the wild. Here, we examine lifetime changes in foraging performance for a group of female wild bottlenose dolphins that use marine sponge tools to forage. After controlling for ecological effects and developmental changes in activity budgets, we show that females continue to improve in 3 aspects of foraging until a peak at around midlife, well after dolphins reach physical and sexual maturity. The factors that lead to this improved performance are unknown, but likely include learning and increasing physical ability. Dolphins' peak in foraging performance also coincided with a peak in reproduction, with middle-aged females maximizing foraging efficiency and having the highest probability of lactating. Thus, inadequate mastery of foraging behaviors, such as tool use in bottlenose dolphins, does not limit the onset of reproduction, but improvement in foraging skill may help maximize age-specific reproduction and lifetime fitness. [Patterson, Eric M.; Krzyszczyk, Ewa; Mann, Janet] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Reiss Sci Bldg,Room 406,3700 O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA; [Mann, Janet] Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, 306N White Gravenor Hall,3700 O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA Patterson, EM (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Reiss Sci Bldg,Room 406,3700 O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. emp46@georgetown.edu Georgetown University; National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant; Explorers Club Exploration Fund Grant; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists; Animal Behavior Society Cetacean Behavior and Conservation Award; American Society of Mammalogists; National Science Foundation [0847922, 0316800, 0918303, 0918308]; Office of Naval Research [10230702] This work was supported by Georgetown University, the National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant, the Explorers Club Exploration Fund Grant, the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists, the Animal Behavior Society Cetacean Behavior and Conservation Award, and the American Society of Mammalogists Grant in Aid of Research to E.M.P., and by the National Science Foundation (grant numbers 0847922, 0316800, 0918303, and 0918308) and Office of Naval Research (grant number 10230702) to J.M. 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The Dark Triad and Attractiveness in Speed Dating EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY English Article Dark Triad; narcissism; Machiavellianism; psychopathy; mating; speed dating TERM MATING STRATEGY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MATE CHOICES; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS; 5-FACTOR MODEL; R-PACKAGE; NARCISSISM; MACHIAVELLIANISM; PSYCHOPATHY Dark Triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are linked to the pursuit of short-term mating strategies, but they may have differential effects on actual mating success in naturalistic scenarios: Narcissism may be a facilitator for men's short-term mating success, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy may be detrimental. To date, little is known about the attractiveness of Dark Triad traits in women. In a speed-dating study, we assessed participants' Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and physical attractiveness in N=90 heterosexual individuals (46 women and 44 men). Each participant rated each partner's mate appeal for short- and long-term relationships. Across both sexes, narcissism was positively associated with mate appeal for short- and long-term relationships. Further analyses indicated that these associations were due to the shared variance among narcissism and extraversion in men and narcissism and physical attractiveness in women, respectively. In women, psychopathy was also positively associated with mate appeal for short-term relationships. Regarding mating preferences, narcissism was found to involve greater choosiness in the rating of others' mate appeal (but not actual choices) in men, while psychopathy was associated with greater openness towards short-term relationships in women. 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J. Personal. MAR-APR 2016 30 2 125 138 10.1002/per.2040 14 Psychology, Social Psychology DI8FA WOS:000373735600002 2018-11-12 J Lindh, M; Johansson, J; Bolmgren, K; Lundstrom, NLP; Brannstrom, A; Jonzen, N Lindh, Magnus; Johansson, Jacob; Bolmgren, Kjell; Lundstrom, Niklas L. P.; Brannstrom, Ake; Jonzen, Niclas Constrained growth flips the direction of optimal phenological responses among annual plants NEW PHYTOLOGIST English Article climate change; constrained growth; flowering; life history; optimal control theory; phenology; productivity; season CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOWERING PHENOLOGY; ONTOGENIC GROWTH; PERENNIAL PLANT; ALLOCATION PATTERNS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; METABOLIC THEORY; GROWING-SEASON; GENERAL-MODEL; TIME Phenological changes among plants due to climate change are well documented, but often hard to interpret. In order to assess the adaptive value of observed changes, we study how annual plants with and without growth constraints should optimize their flowering time when productivity and season length changes. We consider growth constraints that depend on the plant's vegetative mass: self-shading, costs for nonphotosynthetic structural tissue and sibling competition. We derive the optimal flowering time from a dynamic energy allocation model using optimal control theory. We prove that an immediate switch (bang-bang control) from vegetative to reproductive growth is optimal with constrained growth and constant mortality. Increasing mean productivity, while keeping season length constant and growth unconstrained, delayed the optimal flowering time. When growth was constrained and productivity was relatively high, the optimal flowering time advanced instead. When the growth season was extended equally at both ends, the optimal flowering time was advanced under constrained growth and delayed under unconstrained growth. Our results suggests that growth constraints are key factors to consider when interpreting phenological flowering responses. It can help to explain phenological patterns along productivity gradients, and links empirical observations made on calendar scales with life-history theory. [Lindh, Magnus; Lundstrom, Niklas L. P.; Brannstrom, Ake] Umea Univ, Dept Math & Math Stat, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Johansson, Jacob; Jonzen, Niclas] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Theoret Populat Ecol & Evolut Grp, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Bolmgren, Kjell] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Unit Field Based Forest Res, SE-36030 Lammhult, Sweden; [Bolmgren, Kjell] Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Brannstrom, Ake] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Lindh, M (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Math & Math Stat, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. magnus.lindh@math.umu.se Bolmgren, Kjell/E-1459-2016 Bolmgren, Kjell/0000-0001-9552-9684; Johansson, Jacob/0000-0002-0018-7018 research environment BECC (Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate); Swedish Research Council [2012-3620]; Swedish Research Council Formas [2012-1008] We would like to thank Stephen M. Welch for introducing us to the concept of physiological time, and for rewriting our model in physiological time, see Eqns 5-8 in the Description section. N.J. and J.J. gratefully acknowledge support from the research environment BECC (Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate) and the Swedish Research Council (2012-3620 to N.J.). angstrom.B. gratefully acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council Formas (2012-1008 to angstrom.B.). A special thanks goes to Lai Zhang for help with the figures. 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Sci. MAR 2016 27 3 354 364 10.1177/0956797615621901 11 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DH1CU WOS:000372522800006 26842316 2018-11-12 J Temple, DH Temple, Daniel H. Bioarchaeological approaches to the study of early-life stress: the potential of human skeletal and dental remains to studies of life history theory AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY English Meeting Abstract 85th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists APR 13-16, 2016 Atlanta, GA Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists [Temple, Daniel H.] George Mason Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA 0 0 0 0 2 WILEY-BLACKWELL HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA 0002-9483 1096-8644 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. MAR 2016 159 62 312 312 1 Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology DF3OW WOS:000371255202309 2018-11-12 J van Brummen-Girigori, O; Buunk, A van Brummen-Girigori, Odette; Buunk, Abraham Intrasexual competitiveness and non-verbal seduction strategies to attract males: a study among teenage girls from Curacao EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR English Article Non-verbal seduction strategy; Life history; Father absence; Curacao LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MATE ATTRACTION; EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FATHER ABSENCE; SEX; CHILDHOOD; DAUGHTERS; MENARCHE We hypothesized that teenage girls from the Caribbean island of Curacao who grew up without a father would be more intrasexually competitive than teenage girls who grew up with a father, and would therefore more often use non-verbal seduction strategies to attract males. A pilot study showed a high inter-observer reliability for the observation of non-verbal seduction strategies. In study 1, among 105 teenage girls with a mean age of 1629 years, reliable scales were developed reflecting various non-verbal seduction strategies. Study 2 was conducted among 123 teenage girls with a mean age of 1833 years. Compared to girls who grew up with their father, girls who grew up without their father before the age of fourteen reported overall more intrasexual competitiveness and more non-verbal seduction strategies, including direct flirtation, peacock behavior, the use of hairstyles with waves, the use of facial make-up, the use of conspicuous nail-care, and active and restless behavior in the presence of males. Intrasexual competitiveness was associated with most strategies, and was a significant mediator between father absence and the expression of most non-verbal seduction strategies. From a life-history perspective, we discuss possible explanations for, and implications of, these findings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [van Brummen-Girigori, Odette; Buunk, Abraham] Univ Curacao, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Willemstad, Neth Antilles; [Buunk, Abraham] Univ Groningen, Dept Psychol, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands van Brummen-Girigori, O (reprint author), Univ Curacao, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Willemstad, Neth Antilles. o.girigori@uoc.cw BAENNINGER M, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P293, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(93)90001-X; Barber N, 1995, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V16, P395, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bjorklund DF, 1999, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V8, P86, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.00020; Bullock JG, 2010, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V98, P550, DOI 10.1037/a0018933; BUSS DM, 1989, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V12, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00023992; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; BUSS DM, 1988, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V54, P616, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.616; Buunk A. P., 2015, EVOLUTION MIND BEHAV; Buunk A. 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MAR 2016 37 2 134 141 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.09.007 8 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences DE8LU WOS:000370888300006 2018-11-12 J Music, G Music, Graham Adaptation: a contemporary view, revisiting Crichton-Miller's 1925 paper POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL English Review DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; RECEPTOR GENE; LIFE STRESS; MALTREATMENT; ASSOCIATION; DISORDER; AMYGDALA; IMPACT; NEUROBIOLOGY In this paper I discuss a contemporary 'take' on the concept of adaptation in light of Crichton-Miller's original 1926 paper. I look briefly at some of the ways that contemporary thinking is both similar to and different from ideas of 90 years ago. In particular I think about how recent neurobiological findings, epigenetic research and attachment theory have cast new light on our understanding of the ways humans adapt to social and emotional environments. It looks at how psychiatric presentations which are seen as maladaptive might well have an adaptive origin in early life. In this account I emphasise how a more modern version of evolutionary theory can be developed, particularly one influenced by life history theory, and suggest that such ideas have powerful explanatory power as well as being based solidly in good research. [Music, Graham] Tavistock & Portman NHS Fdn Trust, Portman Clin, 8 Fitzjohns Ave, London NW3 5NA, England Music, G (reprint author), Tavistock & Portman NHS Fdn Trust, Portman Clin, 8 Fitzjohns Ave, London NW3 5NA, England. 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J., 2012, MORAL MOL NEW SCI WH 59 0 0 0 1 BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND 0032-5473 1469-0756 POSTGRAD MED J Postgrad. Med. J. MAR 2016 92 1085 128 133 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133708 6 Medicine, General & Internal General & Internal Medicine DE7PV WOS:000370830100003 26908879 2018-11-12 J Metz, JAJ; Stankova, K; Johansson, J Metz, Johan A. Jacob; Stankova, Katerina; Johansson, Jacob The canonical equation of adaptive dynamics for life histories: from fitness-returns to selection gradients and Pontryagin's maximum principle JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY English Article Canonical equation of adaptive dynamics; Function valued traits; Pontryagin's maximum principle; Age-dependent resource allocation; Mendelian take on life history theory; Evolution in periodic environments STRUCTURED POPULATION-MODELS; TRAITS; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION This paper should be read as addendum to Dieckmann et al. (J Theor Biol 241:370-389, 2006) and Parvinen et al. (J Math Biol 67: 509-533, 2013). Our goal is, using little more than high-school calculus, to (1) exhibit the form of the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics for classical life history problems, where the examples in Dieckmann et al. (J Theor Biol 241:370-389, 2006) and Parvinen et al. (J Math Biol 67: 509-533, 2013) are chosen such that they avoid a number of the problems that one gets in this most relevant of applications, (2) derive the fitness gradient occurring in the CE from simple fitness return arguments, (3) show explicitly that setting said fitness gradient equal to zero results in the classical marginal value principle from evolutionary ecology, (4) show that the latter in turn is equivalent to Pontryagin's maximum principle, a well known equivalence that however in the literature is given either ex cathedra or is proven with more advanced tools, (5) connect the classical optimisation arguments of life history theory a little better to real biology (Mendelian populations with separate sexes subject to an environmental feedback loop), (6) make a minor improvement to the form of the CE for the examples in Dieckmann et al. and Parvinen et al. [Metz, Johan A. Jacob] Leiden Univ, Math Inst, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands; [Metz, Johan A. Jacob] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands; [Metz, Johan A. Jacob; Johansson, Jacob] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Metz, Johan A. Jacob] Naturalis Biodivers Ctr, Dept Marine Zool, NL-2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands; [Stankova, Katerina] Maastricht Univ, Dept Knowledge Engn, NL-6211 LH Maastricht, Netherlands; [Stankova, Katerina] Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Appl Math, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands; [Johansson, Jacob] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Theoret Populat Ecol & Evolut Grp, S-22362 Lund, Sweden Stankova, K (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Dept Knowledge Engn, NL-6211 LH Maastricht, Netherlands.; Stankova, K (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Delft Inst Appl Math, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. j.a.j.metz@biology.leidenuniv.nl; k.stankova@maastrichtuniversity.nl; Jacob.Johansson@biol.lu.se Johansson, Jacob/0000-0002-0018-7018; Stankova, Katerina/0000-0002-4519-0325 Chaire Modelisation Mathematique et Biodiversite of Veolia Environnement-Ecole Polytechnique-Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Fondation X We thank Kalle Parvinen for a helpful discussion about the topics of this paper. This work benefitted from the support from the "Chaire Modelisation Mathematique et Biodiversite of Veolia Environnement-Ecole Polytechnique-Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Fondation X". 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MAR 2016 72 4 SI 1125 1152 10.1007/s00285-015-0938-4 28 Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology DD9TS WOS:000370269200014 26586121 Other Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Reedy, AM; Cox, CL; Chung, AK; Evans, WJ; Cox, RM Reedy, Aaron M.; Cox, Christian L.; Chung, Albert K.; Evans, William J.; Cox, Robert M. Both sexes suffer increased parasitism and reduced energy storage as costs of reproduction in the brown anole, Anolis sagrei BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY English Article ectoparasite; endoparasite; energetic trade-off; gonadectomy; immunocompetence handicap hypothesis; life history; sexual selection SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP; TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; IMMUNE FUNCTION; PARENTAL EFFORT; LIFE-SPAN; LIZARD Sexual selection theory proposes that males suffer reduced immune function and increased parasitism as costs of expressing sexual signals. Life-history theory proposes that females suffer the same costs because of inherent trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance. Mechanistically, each theory invokes an energetic trade-off, although few experiments have directly compared these costs of reproduction between the sexes as a result of fundamental sex differences in the nature of reproductive investment and a tendency for each theory to focus on a single sex. To test whether males and females experience comparable costs of reproduction in terms of energetics, immune function, and parasitism, we used gonadectomy to eliminate most aspects of reproductive investment in wild brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) of both sexes. We compared these nonreproductive males and females with intact, reproductive controls with respect to stored energy (fat bodies), immune function (swelling response to phytohemagglutinin), and the prevalence and intensity of infection by four types of parasite (gastric nematodes, intestinal nematodes, faecal coccidia, and ectoparasitic mites). Gonadectomized anoles experienced dramatic increases in fat storage that were accompanied by decreases in the prevalence of intestinal nematodes and in the intensity of coccidia infection. These costs of reproduction were comparable between males and females, although neither sex exhibited the predicted increase in immune function after gonadectomy. Our results suggest that, despite fundamental sex differences in the nature of reproductive investment, both male and female anoles experience similar costs of reproduction with respect to energy storage and some aspects of parasitism. [Reedy, Aaron M.; Chung, Albert K.; Evans, William J.; Cox, Robert M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, 485 McCormick Rd,POB 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA; [Cox, Christian L.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, POB 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA Reedy, AM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, 485 McCormick Rd,POB 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. amr3mb@virginia.edu University of Virginia We thank R. Calsbeek and A. Kahrl for assistance with fieldwork; N. Bottomley for permission to work at Regatta Point; and B. Falk and C. McAllister for assistance with parasite identification. We thank C. Alencar, M. Augat, E. D. Brodie III, R. Costello, H. Donald-Cannon, M. Hague, A. Hanninen, B. Sanderson, and C. Wood for their comments on an early version of this manuscript. Additionally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Research was conducted under permits from The Bahamas Environment, Science and Technology (BEST) Commission and Ministry of Agriculture and with approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Virginia (protocol 3896). This project was supported by start-up funding from the University of Virginia to RMC. 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In the present study, simulation methods were used to test whether the observed structure of psychiatric disorders can be reproduced by the life history model of psychopathology, a recent classification model based on evolutionary theory. The assumptions of the life history model were used to generate virtual epidemiological samples, which were then analyzed with the methods used by earlier researchers. Analyses of simulated data successfully replicated the key findings by these researchers, including the emergence of the p factor and the switch from positive to negative correlation between internalizing and externalizing symptoms after inclusion of the p factor. These results offer initial support for the validity of the life history model. 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MAR 2016 4 2 299 311 10.1177/2167702615583628 13 Psychology, Clinical Psychology FE9OM WOS:000408533000011 2018-11-12 J Lopez-Idiaquez, D; Vergara, P; Fargallo, JA; Martinez-Padilla, J Lopez-Idiaquez, David; Vergara, Pablo; Antonio Fargallo, Juan; Martinez-Padilla, Jesus Old males reduce melanin-pigmented traits and increase reproductive outcome under worse environmental conditions in common kestrels ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Aging; longitudinal approach; long-term monitoring; ornamentation; plumage coloration; sexual selection DEPENDENT SEXUAL ADVERTISEMENT; EURASIAN KESTRELS; MATE CHOICE; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; FEMALE ORNAMENT; PLUMAGE COLOR; TRADE-OFFS; GOOD GENES; WILD BIRD Secondary sexual traits displayed by males and females may have evolved as a signal of individual quality. However, both individual quality and investment on producing or maintaining enhanced sexual traits change as individuals age. At the same time, the costs associated to produce sexual traits might be attenuated or increased if environmental conditions are benign or worse respectively. Accordingly, environmental conditions are expected to shape the association between the expression of sexual traits and their reproductive outcome as individuals age. Nonetheless, little is known about the environmental influence on the co-variation between sexual traits and reproductive outcome throughout the life of individuals. We studied the age-dependency of the number and size of back spots, a melanin-based and sexual trait in adults of common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). We analysed the age-dependence of reproductive traits and the environmental influence, defined as vole abundance, using a 10-year individual-based dataset. We broke down age-related changes of reproductive traits into within- and between-individual variation to assess their contribution to population-level patterns. Our results showed a within-individual decrease in the number, but not the size, of back spots in males. The size of back spots was positively correlated with food availability in males. Reproductive performance of males increased as they aged, in agreement with the life-history theory but depending of vole abundance. Remarkably, we found that having fewer back spots was positively associated with clutch size only for old individuals under low-food conditions. We suggest that environmental variation may shape the association between the expression of a sexual signal and reproductive outcome. We speculate that the reliability of sexual traits is higher when environmental conditions are poor only for old individuals. Within an evolutionary context, we suggest that the expression of sexual traits might be constrained by environmental conditions at later stages of life. [Lopez-Idiaquez, David; Vergara, Pablo; Antonio Fargallo, Juan; Martinez-Padilla, Jesus] Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 23006, Spain; [Lopez-Idiaquez, David] Inst Invest Recursos Cineget IREC, Dept Ecol, Ronda de Toledo S-N, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain; [Martinez-Padilla, Jesus] Univ Oviedo, Res Unit Biodivers, CSIC, OU,PA, Mieres 33600, Spain Lopez-Idiaquez, D (reprint author), Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 23006, Spain. davididiaquez@gmail.com Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014; Martinez-Padilla, Jesus/C-6446-2008 Martinez-Padilla, Jesus/0000-0003-2956-5163 Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government [CGL2004-04479/BOS, CGL2007-61395/BOS, CGL2010-15726/BOS, CGL2013-42451-P] The long-term monitoring of the study population was financed by several projects of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CGL2004-04479/BOS, CGL2007-61395/BOS, CGL2010-15726/BOS, CGL2013-42451-P) of the Spanish Government. 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Evol. FEB 2016 6 4 1224 1235 10.1002/ece3.1910 12 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DF1AC WOS:000371069800030 26941948 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Mourocq, E; Bize, P; Bouwhuis, S; Bradley, R; Charmantier, A; de la Cruz, C; Drobniak, SM; Espie, RHM; Herenyi, M; Hotker, H; Kruger, O; Marzluff, J; Moller, AP; Nakagawa, S; Phillips, RA; Radford, AN; Roulin, A; Torok, J; Valencia, J; van de Pol, M; Warkentin, IG; Winney, IS; Wood, AG; Griesser, M Mourocq, Emeline; Bize, Pierre; Bouwhuis, Sandra; Bradley, Russell; Charmantier, Anne; de la Cruz, Carlos; Drobniak, Szymon M.; Espie, Richard H. M.; Herenyi, Marton; Hoetker, Hermann; Krueger, Oliver; Marzluff, John; Moller, Anders P.; Nakagawa, Shinichi; Phillips, Richard A.; Radford, Andrew N.; Roulin, Alexandre; Toeroek, Janos; Valencia, Juliana; van de Pol, Martijn; Warkentin, Ian G.; Winney, Isabel S.; Wood, Andrew G.; Griesser, Michael Life span and reproductive cost explain interspecific variation in the optimal onset of reproduction EVOLUTION English Article Age at first reproduction; comparative method; cost of reproduction; family formation theory; life-history theory DELAYED DISPERSAL; ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; HISTORY EVOLUTION; 1ST REPRODUCTION; MODEL SELECTION; PARENTAL CARE; AGE Fitness can be profoundly influenced by the age at first reproduction (AFR), but to date the AFR-fitness relationship only has been investigated intraspecifically. Here, we investigated the relationship between AFR and average lifetime reproductive success (LRS) across 34 bird species. We assessed differences in the deviation of the Optimal AFR (i.e., the species-specific AFR associated with the highest LRS) from the age at sexual maturity, considering potential effects of life history as well as social and ecological factors. Most individuals adopted the species-specific Optimal AFR and both the mean and Optimal AFR of species correlated positively with life span. Interspecific deviations of the Optimal AFR were associated with indices reflecting a change in LRS or survival as a function of AFR: a delayed AFR was beneficial in species where early AFR was associated with a decrease in subsequent survival or reproductive output. Overall, our results suggest that a delayed onset of reproduction beyond maturity is an optimal strategy explained by a long life span and costs of early reproduction. By providing the first empirical confirmations of key predictions of life-history theory across species, this study contributes to a better understanding of life-history evolution. [Mourocq, Emeline; Drobniak, Szymon M.; Griesser, Michael] Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, Winterthurerstr190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Bize, Pierre] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Zoology Bldg,Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland; [Bouwhuis, Sandra] Inst Avian Res Vogelwarte Helgoland, Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [Bouwhuis, Sandra] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Tinbergen Bldg,South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England; [Bradley, Russell] Point Blue Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA; [Charmantier, Anne] CNRS UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France; [de la Cruz, Carlos] Univ Extremadura, Biol & Ethol Res Grp, Ave Elvas, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain; [Espie, Richard H. M.] Saskatchewan Environm, Tech Resource Branch, 5th Floor,3211 Albert St, Regina S4S 5W6, SK, Canada; [Herenyi, Marton; Toeroek, Janos] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Systemat Zool & Ecol, Behav Ecol Grp, Pazmany Peter Setany 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; [Herenyi, Marton] Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Zool & Anim Ecol, Pater Karoly Utca 1, H-2100 Godollo, Hungary; [Hoetker, Hermann] Michael Otto Inst NABU, Goosstroot 1, D-24861 Bergenhusen, Germany; [Krueger, Oliver] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, Morgenbreede 45, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany; [Marzluff, John] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, 4000 15th Ave, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Moller, Anders P.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8079, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, 362 Rue Doyen Andre Guinier, F-91405 Orsay, France; [Nakagawa, Shinichi] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, 340 Great King St,POBox 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [Nakagawa, Shinichi] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [Phillips, Richard A.; Wood, Andrew G.] NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England; [Radford, Andrew N.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England; [Roulin, Alexandre] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Valencia, Juliana] Univ Cordoba, Dept Zool, Catedra Recursos Cineget, Campus Rabanales, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain; [van de Pol, Martijn] Australian Natl Univ, Evolut, Ecol & Genet, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; [van de Pol, Martijn] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Anim Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Warkentin, Ian G.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Environm Sci Program, Corner Brook A2H 6P9, NF, Canada; [Winney, Isabel S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England Mourocq, E (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, Winterthurerstr190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. emeline.mourocq@uzh.ch Library, Library/A-4320-2012; Griesser, Michael/J-4542-2012; Drobniak, Szymon/K-4954-2015; Nakagawa, Shinichi/B-5571-2011; Moller, Anders/O-6665-2016 Library, Library/0000-0002-3835-159X; Griesser, Michael/0000-0002-2220-2637; Drobniak, Szymon/0000-0001-8101-6247; Nakagawa, Shinichi/0000-0002-7765-5182; Moller, Anders/0000-0003-3739-4675; Winney, Isabel/0000-0001-8606-3720; Valencia, Juliana/0000-0002-8774-8315 Swiss National Research Foundation [PPOOP3_123520, PPOOP3_150752]; Natural Environment Research Council [bas0100035] The authors thank B. Hatchwell for contributing the long-tailed tit data, B. Kempenaers and E. Schlicht for contributing blue tit data; B. Sheldon for contributing the blue tit, great tit, and mute swan data; C. Perrins for contributing the mute swan data and T. Burkefor contributing the house sparrow data. They thank E. Postma and J. D. Ibanez Alamo for relevant discussions. They also thank to the numerous fieldworkers and funding agencies that contributed to these long-term studies. This study was financed by the Swiss National Research Foundation (grant numbers PPOOP3_123520 and PPOOP3_150752 to MG). PB, SB, RB, AC, CC, RE, MH, HH, OK, JM, AM, SN, RP, ANR, AR, JT, JV, MVP, IGW, ISW, AW provided unpublished data on lifetime reproductive success. EM compiled the data, performed the statistical analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to revisions (especially MG) and gave final approval for publication. MG helped with data compilation and reflection on the manuscript. 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Phenoloxidase activity in the infraorder Isoptera: unraveling life-history correlates of immune investment SCIENCE OF NATURE English Article Social insects; Immune investment; Disease resistance; Ecological immunology TERMITE ZOOTERMOPSIS-ANGUSTICOLLIS; DAMPWOOD TERMITE; RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; ANTIFUNGAL PEPTIDES; INCIPIENT COLONIES; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; GRYLLUS-TEXENSIS; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; APIS-MELLIFERA Within the area of ecological immunology, the quantification of phenoloxidase (PO) activity has been used as a proxy for estimating immune investment. Because termites have unique life-history traits and significant interspecific differences exist regarding their nesting and foraging habits, comparative studies on PO activity can shed light on the general principles influencing immune investment against the backdrop of sociality, reproductive potential, and gender. We quantified PO activity across four termite species ranging from the phylogenetically basal to the most derived, each with their particular nesting/foraging strategies. Our data indicate that PO activity varies across species, with soil-dwelling termites exhibiting significantly higher PO levels than the aboveground wood nester species which in turn have higher PO levels than arboreal species. Moreover, our comparative approach suggests that pathogenic risks can override reproductive potential as a more important driver of immune investment. No gender-based differences in PO activities were recorded. Although termite PO activity levels vary in accordance with a priori predictions made from life-history theory, our data indicate that nesting and foraging strategies (and their resulting pathogenic pressures) can supersede reproductive potential and other life-history traits in influencing investment in PO. Termites, within the eusocial insects, provide a unique perspective for inferring how different ecological pressures may have influenced immune function in general and their levels of PO activity, in particular. [Rosengaus, Rebeca B.; Reichheld, Jennifer L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, 134 Mugar Life Sci Bldg,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA Rosengaus, RB (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, 134 Mugar Life Sci Bldg,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. rosengaus@neu.edu National Science Foundation CAREER award [DEB 0447316] We thank the administrators of the Redwood East Bay Regional Parks, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama, and the Virgin Islands Environmental Resource Station (VIERS) in the Island of St. John, US Virgin Islands for allowing the collection of termite colonies. Drs. Claire Fuller and Marielle Postava-Davignon facilitated the collection and transportation of the N. acajutlae colony. We appreciate the help of Prof. Veronica Godoy (Northeastern University) for the use of the microplate reader and the technical support from Dr. Shelly Adamo during the development of our PO assay. We are indebted to Dr. Tarik Gouhier for statistical support. We appreciate the constructive feedback received from two anonymous referees which improved the clarity of this work. This work was partially supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER award (DEB 0447316 to R.R.). 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O., 1971, INSECT SOC, P548; Wilson-Rich N, 2008, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V54, P1392, DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.07.016; Zhao PC, 2007, INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC, V37, P952, DOI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.05.001 89 0 0 1 14 SPRINGER HEIDELBERG HEIDELBERG TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY 0028-1042 1432-1904 SCI NAT-HEIDELBERG Sci. Nat. FEB 2016 103 1-2 UNSP 14 10.1007/s00114-016-1338-3 10 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics DE8HG WOS:000370876000014 26838762 2018-11-12 J Mata, R; Josef, AK; Hertwig, R Mata, Rui; Josef, Anika K.; Hertwig, Ralph Propensity for Risk Taking Across the Life Span and Around the Globe PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE English Article risk taking; adult development; gender differences; cross-cultural differences; open materials METAANALYSIS; PERSONALITY; PREFERENCE; UNPREDICTABILITY; DETERMINANTS; PERSPECTIVES; NEUROSCIENCE; IMPULSIVITY; EVOLUTION; COGNITION Past empirical work suggests that aging is associated with decreases in risk taking. But are such effects universal? Life-history theory suggests that the link between age and risk taking is a function of specific reproductive strategies that can be more or less risky depending on the ecology. We assessed variation in the age-risk curve using World Values Survey data from 77 countries (N = 147,118). The results suggest that propensity for risk taking tends to decline across the life span in the vast majority of countries. In addition, there is systematic variation among countries: Countries in which hardship (e.g., high infant mortality) is higher are characterized by higher levels of risk taking and flatter age-risk curves. These findings suggest that hardship may function as a cue to guide life-history strategies. Age-risk relations thus cannot be understood without reference to the demands and affordances of the environment. [Mata, Rui] Univ Basel, Dept Psychol, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland; [Josef, Anika K.; Hertwig, Ralph] Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Adapt Rat, Berlin, Germany Mata, R (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit & Decis Sci, Missionsstr 64A, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland. rui.mata@unibas.ch Mata, Rui/K-8138-2015; Hertwig, Ralph/B-3468-2015 Mata, Rui/0000-0002-1679-906X; Hertwig, Ralph/0000-0002-9908-9556; Josef, Anika Karina/0000-0001-5748-4497 Swiss National Science Foundation [100014-156172] This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 100014-156172. 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Sci. FEB 2016 27 2 231 243 10.1177/0956797615617811 13 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DE1XJ WOS:000370419600011 26744068 2018-11-12 J Stein, LR; Trapp, RM; Bell, AM Stein, Laura R.; Trapp, Rebecca M.; Bell, Alison M. Do reproduction and parenting influence personality traits? Insights from threespine stickleback ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR English Article behavioural syndrome; boldness; fathers; hormones; individual differences; paternal care MALE 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS L; PREDATION RISK; MALE BLUEGILL; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; ANIMAL PERSONALITY; 11-KETOTESTOSTERONE; CORTISOL; PREGNANCY Although one of the hallmarks of personality traits is their consistency over time, we might expect personality traits to change during life history shifts. Becoming a parent is a major life history event, when individuals undergo dramatic behavioural and physiological changes. Here we employ a longitudinal experiment to ask whether personality changes in response to the experience of parenting in male threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Life history theory predicts that males should be less risk averse after successfully parenting, and the neuroendocrinology of parenting suggests that parenting could reorganize the hormonal landscape and behaviour of fathers. We randomly assigned males to either an experimental group (reproduced and parented) or a control group (did not reproduce and parent), and repeatedly measured a personality trait ('boldness') and 11-ketotestosterone levels (11-kT, the major androgen in fishes) in individual males. In the control group, males became bolder over time. However, in the experimental group, boldness did not change. Furthermore, 11-kT changed dramatically in the experimental group, and changes in 11-kT in parents were associated with boldness after parenting ceased. Our study is one of the first to assess proximate and ultimate explanations for changes in personality as a function of reproduction and parenting. (C) 2015 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Stein, Laura R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Trapp, Rebecca M.; Bell, Alison M.] Univ Illinois, Sch Integrat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA Stein, LR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Anat Zool E209A, 200 W Lake St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. lrstein@colostate.edu Animal Behavior Society Research Award; National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant [IOS 1210696]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; NSF IOS [1121980]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 GM082937] We thank the editor and two anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions in improving this manuscript. This project was supported by an Animal Behavior Society Research Award, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (IOS 1210696) and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to L.R.S., and NSF IOS grant 1121980 and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01 GM082937 to A.M.B. 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Behav. FEB 2016 112 247 254 10.1016/j.anbehay.2015.12.002 8 Behavioral Sciences; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Zoology DD0NX WOS:000369617800029 26955065 2018-11-12 J Del Giudice, M Del Giudice, Marco The evolutionary future of psychopathology CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHOLOGY English Article DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCHIZOTYPAL TRAITS; AUTISTIC-LIKE; STRESS; PERSPECTIVE; PSYCHIATRY; COMPULSIVITY; IMPULSIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; DEPRESSION Evolutionary approaches to psychopathology have made considerable progress over the last years. In this paper, I review recent advances in the field focusing on three core themes: the role of trade-offs and conflicts in the origins mental disorders, the evolution of developmental mechanisms, and the emergence of alternative classification systems based on life history theory. I situate these advances in the context of current research in psychopathology, and highlight their connections with other innovative approaches such as developmental psychopathology and computational psychiatry. In total, I argue that evolutionary psychopathology offers an integrative framework for the study of mental disorders, and allows complementary approaches to connect and cross-fertilize. [Del Giudice, Marco] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Logan Hall,2001 Redondo Dr NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA Del Giudice, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Logan Hall,2001 Redondo Dr NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. marcodg@unm.edu Del Giudice, Marco/F-7007-2010 Del Giudice, Marco/0000-0001-8526-1573 American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT; Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 2015, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V66, P381, DOI 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015407; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 1997, PSYCHOL INQ, V8, P182, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0803_3; Belsky J, 2013, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V25, P1243, DOI 10.1017/S095457941300059X; Boyce WT, 2005, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V17, P271, DOI 10.1017/S0954579405050145; Brune M, 2012, WORLD PSYCHIATRY, V11, P55; Brune M, 2010, CLIN NEUROPSYCHIATR, V7, P3; Brune Martin, 2014, BMC Psychiatry, V14, P1695, DOI 10.1186/s12888-014-0364-y; Byars SG, 2014, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V281, DOI 10.1098/rspb.2014.0604; Caspi A, 2014, CLIN PSYCHOL SCI, V2, P119, DOI 10.1177/2167702613497473; Cicchetti D., 2015, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; Cosmides L, 1999, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V108, P453, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.108.3.453; Crespi B.J., 2015, BIOL REV; Crespi B, 2008, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V31, P241, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X08004214; Crespi BJ, 2015, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V79, P39, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.052; Cuthbert BN, 2013, BMC MED, V11, DOI 10.1186/1741-7015-11-126; Davies W, 2008, FRONT NEUROENDOCRIN, V29, P413, DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.12.001; Del Giudice M, 2014, J DEV ORIG HLTH DIS, V5, P270, DOI 10.1017/S2040174414000257; Del Giudice M, 2015, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; Del Giudice M., 2015, CLIN PSYCHOL SCI; Del Giudice M, 2015, FRONT ZOOL, V12, DOI 10.1186/1742-9994-12-S1-S4; Del Giudice M, 2014, PSYCHOL INQ, V25, P394, DOI 10.1080/1047840X.2014.925339; Del Giudice M, 2014, PSYCHOL INQ, V25, P261, DOI 10.1080/1047840X.2014.884918; Del Giudice M, 2014, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V35, P415, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.007; Del Giudice M, 2010, FRONT PSYCHOL, V1, DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00041; Durisko Z, 2015, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V172, P315, DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.032; Ellis BJ, 2014, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V26, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0954579413000849; Ellis BJ, 2011, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V23, P7, DOI 10.1017/S0954579410000611; Ellis BJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P204, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7; Frankenhuis WE, 2015, DEV SCI; Frankenhuis WE, 2013, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V22, P407, DOI 10.1177/0963721413484324; Frankenhuis WE, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P628, DOI 10.1037/a0025629; Gangestad SW, 2015, HDB EVOLUTIONARY PSY; Gluckman P, 2009, PRINCIPLES EVOLUTION; Huys QJM, 2015, CLIN PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P400, DOI 10.1177/2167702614562040; Huys QJM, 2015, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V38, P1, DOI 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071714-033928; Hyde LW, 2015, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V27, P587, DOI 10.1017/S0954579415000188; Jack AI, 2013, NEUROIMAGE, V66, P385, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.061; Laceulle O. 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Opin. Psychol. FEB 2016 7 44 50 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.010 7 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DC9YD WOS:000369576600010 2018-11-12 J Simons, LG; Sutton, TE; Simons, RL; Gibbons, FX; Murry, VM Simons, Leslie Gordon; Sutton, Tara E.; Simons, Ronald L.; Gibbons, Frederick X.; Murry, Velma McBride Mechanisms That Link Parenting Practices to Adolescents' Risky Sexual Behavior: A Test of Six Competing Theories JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE English Article Adolescents; African Americans; Risky sex; Parenting AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES; RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; ADULT ATTACHMENT; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CORPORAL PUNISHMENT; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE Risky sexual behavior, particularly among adolescents, continues to be a major source of concern. In order to develop effective education and prevention programs, there is a need for research that identifies the antecedents of such behavior. This study investigated the mediators that link parenting experiences during early adolescence to subsequent risky sexual behaviors among a diverse sample of African American youth (N = 629, 55 % female). While there is ample evidence that parenting practices (e.g., supportive parenting, harsh parenting, parental management) are antecedent to risky sexual behavior, few studies have examined whether one approach to parenting is more strongly related to risky sex than others. Using a developmental approach, the current study focused on factors associated with six theories of risky sexual behavior. While past research has provided support for all of the theories, few studies have assessed the relative contribution of each while controlling for the processes proposed by the others. The current study addresses these gaps in the literature and reports results separately by gender. Longitudinal analyses using structural equation modeling revealed that the mediating mechanisms associated with social learning and attachment theories were significantly related to the risky sexual behavior of males and females. Additionally, there was support for social control and self-control theories only for females and for life history theory only for males. We did not find support for problem behavior theory, a perspective that dominates the risky sex literature, after controlling for the factors associated with the other theories. Finally, supportive parenting emerged as the parenting behavior most influential with regard to adolescents' risky sexual behavior. These results provide insight regarding efficacious approaches to education and preventative programs designed to reduce risky sexual behaviors among adolescents. [Simons, Leslie Gordon; Sutton, Tara E.; Simons, Ronald L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Sociol, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Gibbons, Frederick X.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA; [Murry, Velma McBride] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Human & Org Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA Simons, LG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Sociol, 115 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. lgsimons@uga.edu Sutton, Tara E./0000-0002-7877-0975 National Institute of Mental Health; Centers for Disease Control; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Owen Institute for Behavioral Research at the University of Georgia This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the Centers for Disease Control, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. We would also like to acknowledge the support of the Owen Institute for Behavioral Research at the University of Georgia. 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FEB 2016 45 2 255 270 10.1007/s10964-015-0409-7 16 Psychology, Developmental Psychology DB0KZ WOS:000368198300001 26718543 2018-11-12 J Dutton, E; van der Linden, D; Lynn, R Dutton, Edward; van der Linden, Dimitri; Lynn, Richard Population differences in androgen levels: A test of the Differential K theory PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Life history theory; Androgen; Testosterone; Group differences; Differential K LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; MIDDLE PHALANGEAL HAIR; 4TH DIGIT RATIO; PROSTATE-CANCER; TESTOSTERONE; RISK; TRAITS; HUMANS; MEN; SEX Differential-K theory proposes that levels of androgen, i.e. male hormone, differ across three large racial groups with Sub-Saharan Africans having the highest levels, East Asians the lowest, and Caucasians (Europeans, North Africans and South Asians) being intermediate. In this study, we found that most of the national-level indicators of androgen - CAG repeats on the AR gene, androgenic hair, prostate cancer incidence, sex frequency and number of sex partners are positively correlated at the population (country) level. East Asians showed signs of the lowest androgen level for most indicators and were lower than Caucasians on all of them. Sub-Saharan Africans showed inconsistent results. The results provide a partial validation of Differential-K theory. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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FEB 2016 90 289 295 10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.030 7 Psychology, Social Psychology CZ9IQ WOS:000367411700051 2018-11-12 J Tokolyi, J; Bradacs, F; Hoka, N; Kozma, N; Miklos, M; Mucza, O; Lenart, K; Osz, Z; Sebestyen, F; Barta, Z Toekoelyi, Jacint; Bradacs, Flora; Hoka, Nikolett; Kozma, Noemi; Miklos, Mate; Mucza, Orsolya; Lenart, Kinga; Osz, Zsofia; Sebestyen, Flora; Barta, Zoltan Effects of food availability on asexual reproduction and stress tolerance along the fast-slow life history continuum in freshwater hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) HYDROBIOLOGIA English Article Dietary restriction; Food variability; Hydra; Life history evolution; Resource allocation trade-offs DIETARY RESTRICTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRADE-OFFS; DEMOGRAPHIC TACTICS; MODEL; ALLOCATION; SYMBIOSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL; ACQUISITION; HYPOTHESES Life history theory predicts that reproduction and somatic maintenance are negatively related, but the strength of this relationship is expected to depend on food availability. In this study, we investigated asexual reproduction (budding rate) and oxidative stress tolerance as two opposing facets of life history trade-offs in 17 strains of five freshwater hydra species under experimentally simulated low, medium, and high food availability. Stress tolerance was quantified by exposing animals to exogenous H2O2, which mimics reactive oxygen species arising in vivo. The five species differed in life history traits (low budding rate and high stress tolerance in Hydra vulgaris and H. circumcincta and the opposite in H. oligactis and H. viridissima; low budding rate combined with relatively low stress tolerance in H. oxycnida). Stress tolerance and asexual reproduction increased with food, but there were clear interspecific differences in this relationship. Across all strains, stress tolerance and budding rate were significantly negatively related on the low and medium, but not the high food level. These results suggest that resource allocation trade-offs are involved in determining life history traits in hydra; populations/species can be broadly positioned on a fast-slow life history continuum, and response to variation in food varies along this continuum. [Toekoelyi, Jacint; Bradacs, Flora; Hoka, Nikolett; Kozma, Noemi; Miklos, Mate; Mucza, Orsolya; Lenart, Kinga; Osz, Zsofia; Sebestyen, Flora; Barta, Zoltan] Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, MTA DE Lendulet Behav Ecol Res Grp, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary Tokolyi, J (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Evolutionary Zool, MTA DE Lendulet Behav Ecol Res Grp, Egyet Ter 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary. jtokolyi@vocs.unideb.hu Barta, Zoltan/0000-0002-7121-9865 European Union; European Social Fund; [SROP-4.2.2.B-15/1/KONV-2015-0001] We thank the Associate Editor, Diego Fontaneto, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the SROP-4.2.2.B-15/1/KONV-2015-0001 project. The project has been supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund. 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Given the importance of risk assessment tools in forensic contexts, and the amount of research devoted to evaluating their accuracy in predicting re-offending, it might be expected that risk assessment tools are grounded in our best theoretical understanding of the causal processes that give rise to criminal actions. However, it is not at all clear that this is the case. In this article, I will argue that one important area of neglect is the failure to fully engage with the literature in developmental and life-course criminology which also has directed an enormous amount of effort in to identifying risk factors for offending. At the heart of this neglect, I will claim, is the failure to fully recognise the key distinction between predicting offending and predicting re-offending. I will further argue that an evolutionary developmental perspective provides the theoretical resources to provide fully explanatory accounts of offending and re-offending, and in which risk factors can be appropriately located. I conclude by briefly considering some implications for theory, research, and practice. 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Crime Law JAN 22 2016 22 1-2 SI 17 32 10.1080/1068316X.2015.1109093 16 Criminology & Penology; Law; Psychology, Multidisciplinary Criminology & Penology; Government & Law; Psychology DE3GG WOS:000370514900003 2018-11-12 J Ziomkiewicz, A; Sancilio, A; Galbarczyk, A; Klimek, M; Jasienska, G; Bribiescas, RG Ziomkiewicz, Anna; Sancilio, Amelia; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Klimek, Magdalena; Jasienska, Grazyna; Bribiescas, Richard G. Evidence for the Cost of Reproduction in Humans: High Lifetime Reproductive Effort Is Associated with Greater Oxidative Stress in Post-Menopausal Women PLOS ONE English Article CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FEMALE REPRODUCTION; HISTORY EVOLUTION; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; OLDER WOMEN; TRADE-OFFS; MORTALITY; NUMBER; LACTATION Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproductive effort and maternal survivorship in energy-restricted environments. However, empirical evidence for the positive association between maternal mortality and reproductive effort from energetically challenged human populations are mixed and physiological mechanisms that may underlie this association are poorly understood. We hypothesized that increases in aerobic metabolism during repeated periods of pregnancy and lactation result in increased oxidative stress that may contribute to somatic deterioration, vulnerability to illness, and accelerated aging. We therefore predicted that lifetime gravidity and parity would be related to levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as antioxidative defence enzymes in post-menopausal women. Our hypothesis was supported by positive linear associations between levels of 8-OHdG, a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage (beta = 0.21, p<0.05), levels of antioxidative defence enzyme Cu-Zn SOD (beta = 0.25, p<0.05), and number of lifetime pregnancies. Furthermore, independent of age and health status, post-menopausal women with higher gravidity and parity (> = 4 pregnancies per lifetime) had 20% higher levels of 8-OHdG and 60% higher levels of Cu-Zn SOD compared to women with lower gravidity and parity (<4 pregnancies per lifetime). Our results present the first evidence for oxidative stress as a possible cost of reproductive effort in humans. [Ziomkiewicz, Anna] Polish Acad Sci, Anthropol Unit Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; [Ziomkiewicz, Anna; Sancilio, Amelia; Jasienska, Grazyna; Bribiescas, Richard G.] Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Klimek, Magdalena; Jasienska, Grazyna] Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Krakow, Poland Ziomkiewicz, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Anthropol Unit Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland. aziomkiewicz-wichary@antropologia.pan.pl Galbarczyk, Andrzej/0000-0002-7879-9735; Jasienska, Grazyna/0000-0001-8716-6342 Fulbright Commission; Polish National Science Centre [N N404 273440]; Polish Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education [IdP2011 000161]; Yale University; Salus Publica Foundation This work was supported by Fulbright Commission (Senior Advanced Research Award to A. Ziomkiewicz): http://www.fulbright.edu.pl/en/home/, Polish National Science Centre (Grant no N N404 273440 to G. Jasienska): https://www.ncn.gov.pl/?language=en, Polish Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education (Grant no IdP2011 000161 to G. Jasienska): http://www.nauka.gov.pl/en/, Yale University, and Salus Publica Foundation: https://www.facebook.com/saluspublica. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Agarwal A, 2005, REPROD BIOL ENDOCRIN, V3, DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-3-28; Agarwal A, 2012, REPROD BIOL ENDOCRIN, V10, DOI 10.1186/1477-7827-10-49; Albera E, 2011, REPROD DOMEST ANIM, V46, P763, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01737.x; Albera E, 2010, REPROD DOMEST ANIM, V45, pe417, DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01592.x; Atsma F, 2008, MENOPAUSE, V15, P899, DOI 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181653d7d; Beeri MS, 2009, NEUROBIOL AGING, V30, P1184, DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.011; Bonda DJ, 2010, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V59, P290, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.005; Brown L, 2010, MATERNAL FETAL NUTR; Butte N. 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G.; Sng, Oliver; Neuberg, Steven L. Ecology-driven stereotypes override race stereotypes PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA English Article race stereotypes; life history theory; stereotype content; ecology; affordance management RACIAL STEREOTYPES; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; EVOLUTION; HYPOTHESIS; GENDER; SEX; AGE Why do race stereotypes take the forms they do? Life history theory posits that features of the ecology shape individuals' behavior. Harsh and unpredictable ("desperate") ecologies induce fast strategy behaviors such as impulsivity, whereas resource-sufficient and predictable ("hopeful") ecologies induce slow strategy behaviors such as future focus. We suggest that individuals possess a lay understanding of ecology's influence on behavior, resulting in ecology-driven stereotypes. Importantly, because race is confounded with ecology in the United States, we propose that Americans' stereotypes about racial groups actually reflect stereotypes about these groups' presumed home ecologies. Study 1 demonstrates that individuals hold ecology stereotypes, stereotyping people from desperate ecologies as possessing faster life history strategies than people from hopeful ecologies. Studies 2-4 rule out alternative explanations for those findings. Study 5, which independently manipulates race and ecology information, demonstrates that when provided with information about a person's race (but not ecology), individuals' inferences about blacks track stereotypes of people from desperate ecologies, and individuals' inferences about whites track stereotypes of people from hopeful ecologies. 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JAN 12 2016 113 2 310 315 10.1073/pnas.1519401113 6 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics DA5ZO WOS:000367881500037 26712013 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Barha, CK; Hanna, CW; Salvante, KG; Wilson, SL; Robinson, WP; Altman, RM; Nepomnaschy, PA Barha, Cindy K.; Hanna, Courtney W.; Salvante, Katrina G.; Wilson, Samantha L.; Robinson, Wendy P.; Altman, Rachel M.; Nepomnaschy, Pablo A. Number of Children and Telomere Length in Women: A Prospective, Longitudinal Evaluation PLOS ONE English Article OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIFE-SPAN; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ELDERLY-MEN; REPRODUCTION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; HUMANS; CELLS Life history theory (LHT) predicts a trade-off between reproductive effort and the pace of biological aging. Energy invested in reproduction is not available for tissue maintenance, thus having more offspring is expected to lead to accelerated senescence. Studies conducted in a variety of non-human species are consistent with this LHT prediction. Here we investigate the relationship between the number of surviving children born to a woman and telomere length (TL, a marker of cellular aging) over 13 years in a group of 75 Kaqchikel Mayan women. Contrary to LHT's prediction, women who had fewer children exhibited shorter TLs than those who had more children (p = 0.045) after controlling for TL at the onset of the 13-year study period. An "ultimate" explanation for this apparently protective effect of having more children may lay with human's cooperative-breeding strategy. In a number of socioeconomic and cultural contexts, having more chilren appears to be linked to an increase in social support for mothers (e.g., allomaternal care). Higher social support, has been argued to reduce the costs of further reproduction. Lower reproductive costs may make more metabolic energy available for tissue maintenance, resulting in a slower pace of cellular aging. At a "proximate" level, mechanisms involved may include the actions of the gonadal steroid estradiol, which increases dramatically during pregnancy. Estradiol is known to protect TL from the effects of oxidative stress as well as increase telomerase activity, an enzyme that maintains TL. Future research should explore the potential role of social support as well as that of estradiol and other potential biological pathways in the trade-offs between reproductive effort and the pace of cellular aging within and among human as well as in non-human populations. [Barha, Cindy K.; Salvante, Katrina G.; Nepomnaschy, Pablo A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Maternal & Child Hlth Lab, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Hanna, Courtney W.; Wilson, Samantha L.; Robinson, Wendy P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Hanna, Courtney W.; Wilson, Samantha L.; Robinson, Wendy P.] Child & Family Res Inst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Salvante, Katrina G.; Nepomnaschy, Pablo A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Human Evolutionary Studies Program, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Altman, Rachel M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Stat & Actuarial Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada Nepomnaschy, PA (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Maternal & Child Hlth Lab, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. pablo_nepomnaschy@sfu.ca Robinson, Wendy/I-9590-2014 Robinson, Wendy/0000-0002-2010-6174; Wilson, Sarah L./0000-0001-8347-5156; Wilson, Samantha/0000-0003-4346-9696; Nepomnaschy, Pablo/0000-0002-8989-7381; Hanna, Courtney/0000-0002-4063-5575 Canadian Institutes of Health Research Post-Doctoral Fellowship; Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Grant; Child and Family Research Institute Graduate Studentship; Child and Family Research Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Institute for Gender and Health) Operating Grant [106705]; Simon Fraser University President's Start-up Grant; Simon Fraser University Community Trust Endowment Fund Grant through Simon Fraser University's Human Evolutionary Studies Program; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Career Investigator Scholar Award This project was funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Post-Doctoral Fellowship to CKB (http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html); a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Training Grant to CWH (http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html); a Child and Family Research Institute Graduate Studentship to SLW (http://www.cfri.ca/); a Child and Family Research Institute salary award to WPR (http://www.cfri.ca/); a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to RMA (http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/index_eng.asp); a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Institute for Gender and Health) Operating Grant #106705 (http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html), a Simon Fraser University President's Start-up Grant (https://www.sfu.ca/vpacademic/FinBdgt_Mgmnt/prsg.html), a Simon Fraser University Community Trust Endowment Fund Grant through Simon Fraser University's Human Evolutionary Studies Program (https://www.sfu.ca/vpresearch/ctef.html), and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Career Investigator Scholar Award (http://www.msfhr.org/) to PAN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Evolutionary Perspectives INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS English Article infanticide; life-history theory; neglect; sex-differential mortality PARENTAL INVESTMENT; DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; MATERNAL INFANTICIDE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; CHILD-ABUSE; SEX-RATIOS; RISK; CONTRACEPTIVES Young conspecifics are killed in many animal species, often by unrelated males. The role that females - particularly mothers - play in harming infants is often overlooked, as it appears an evolutionary paradox. Life-history theory offers potential explanations, as females are under pressure to time births optimally, produce an optimal number of offspring and secure paternal investment. Furthermore, socio-cultural circumstances across human societies may favour sex-specific infanticide. These constraints can lead mothers to terminate pre- or post-natal investment in current offspring. Incorporating evolutionary theory in policy making may offer opportunities to assess which measures are likely to reduce the rate of maternally committed infanticide. 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Sci. Rev. 2016 41 4 335 350 10.1080/03080188.2016.1256593 16 Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics EJ1RP WOS:000392988200006 2018-11-12 J Dugas, MB; Richards-Zawacki, CL Dugas, M. B.; Richards-Zawacki, C. L. Conspicuous and cryptic morphs of a polytypic poison frog differ in reproductive output because of differences in tadpole performance, not parental effort ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION English Article cross-fostering; Dendrobatidae; egg feeding; life history; parental care DENDROBATES-PUMILIO; OOPHAGA-PUMILIO; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; POPULATION DIVERGENCE; PREDATION RISK; BROOD CARE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; INVESTMENT; COLORATION Predation risk can drive life-history evolution in prey, with high adult mortality favouring the prioritization of current over future reproduction. Populations that evolve or adopt different or differently effective strategies to avoid predation, then, should evolve different life-history strategies. We compared reproductive output, under identical captive breeding conditions, of three allopatric morphs of polytypic poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) that likely experience different predation risk. We predicted that pairs of a well-defended (conspicuous and highly toxic) morph would prioritize future reproduction, and thus reproduce less often than a poorly defended (cryptic and less toxic) morph, while a cryptic but highly toxic lineage would be intermediate. These predictions were generally met: the conspicuous, toxic morph produced fewer juveniles than the cryptic morphs. However, the results of cross-fostering tadpoles among morphs suggested that these differences arose not from the quality of care parents provided, as predicted by life-history theory, but rather from differences expressed in tadpoles. Moreover, all cross-fostered tadpoles were less successful than tadpoles reared by their own parents, perhaps suggesting that parents discriminate against unrelated tadpoles or that parental care and offspring solicitation behaviours have diverged among populations. These results suggest opportunities for comparative studies exploring the entire complexity of the selective landscapes experienced by these polytypic frogs. [Dugas, M. B.; Richards-Zawacki, C. L.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA; [Dugas, M. B.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, DeGrace Hall,2080 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA Dugas, MB (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, DeGrace Hall,2080 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. matthew.b.dugas@gmail.com National Science Foundation [0701165, 1146370]; Smithsonian Institution; University of California President's Office We thank D. Gonzalez, R. Cossio, G. Zawacki and numerous students for frog care. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) provided logistical support, and we particularly thank G. Jacome and P. Gondola of the Bocas del Toro Research Station. Two anonymous reviewers made comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This study was supported by a fellowship and grant from the National Science Foundation [Award Nos 0701165, 1146370], and fellowships from the Smithsonian Institution and the University of California President's Office (all to CL. Richards-Zawacki). The Panamanian National Authority for the Environment provided research, collection and export permission. This work complied with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocols (Tulane University: Nos 0382, 0382R and STRI: No. 2007-17-12-15-07, 2012-0519-2015). 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However, previous research has failed to isolate the impact of these ecological characteristics from individual factors, such as wealth. Here, we utilize a unique longitudinal dataset from Northern Ireland (570 electoral wards; 62 339 individuals) that enables us to address this issue and to apply a novel measure of extrinsic mortality based on a definition from public health. We demonstrate that high ward-level EMR, CR, and female-biased sex ratios have additive positive impact on the risk of early motherhood and that CR and EMR predict early fatherhood. These effects remained significant after adjustment for potentially confounding factors but were greatly attenuated when individual-level socioeconomic characteristics were adjusted for. Our findings suggest that young individuals in this population are sensitive to several ecological cues, including local crime and adult sex ratio, which speed up first birth over and above the strong effects of individual wealth. 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This review uses evolutionary life history theory in understanding child growth in a broad evolutionary perspective, using the data and theory of evolutionary predictive adaptive growth-related strategies for transition from infancy to childhood. We have previously shown that a delayed infancy-childhood transition has a lifelong impact on stature. Feeding practices during infancy are fundamental elements of nutrition as they program for future growth and body composition. A relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and the nature of weaning has been suggested as a possible cause for later obesity and growth patterns. This review highlights the role that breast milk feeding and variations in the weaning age have on transition to childhood, growth, and body composition. [Shaoul, Ron] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Rambam Med Ctr, Rappaport Famil Fac Med, Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr Unit,Meyer Childrens, Haifa, Israel; [Shaoul, Ron; Tiosano, Dov; Hochberg, Ze'ev] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Res Inst, Haifa, Israel; [Tiosano, Dov; Hochberg, Ze'ev] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Rambam Med Ctr, Rappaport Famil Fac Med, Pediat Endocrinol Div,Meyers Childrens Hosp Haifa, Haifa, Israel Shaoul, R (reprint author), Rambam Med Ctr, Meyer Childrens Hosp Haifa, Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr Unit, POB 9602, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. shaoul_r@012.net.il Shaoul, Ron/0000-0001-5667-8759 Dr. Y. Rabinovitz Research Fund Supported by Dr. Y. Rabinovitz Research Fund. 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Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2016 56 6 887 895 10.1080/10408398.2012.732623 9 Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics DK2XK WOS:000374777500001 26017813 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Icho, A; Ireland, K Jonason, Peter K.; Icho, Adiba; Ireland, Katie Resources, Harshness, and Unpredictability: The Socioeconomic Conditions Associated With the Dark Triad Traits EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article Dark Triad; psychopathy; narcissism; Machiavellianism; resources; life history theory LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; TERM MATING STRATEGY; DIRTY DOZEN; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; COSTS; ENVIRONMENTS; PEOPLE; SCALE; BIG-5; RISK We sought to test the hypothesis that the Dark Triad traits are condition-dependent responses to a particular set of socio-ecological conditions in childhood. In three cross-sectional studies (N = 1,403), we examined how the Dark Triad traits were correlated with measures of resource availability, harshness, and unpredictability in one's childhood and adulthood. The Dark Triad traits were correlated with self-reports of an unpredictable childhood when using both the Short Dark Triad and the Dirty Dozen measures. These effects were somewhat stronger in men than in women and were replicable across samples. We also replicated sex differences in the Dark Triad traits but found none for our measures of socioecological conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the recurrent unpredictability in evolutionary history necessitating the sensitivity and responsiveness to such features to enable survival and reproduction. We contend that the Dark Triad traits might be condition-sensitive adaptations to socioecological unpredictability that all people could have if properly motivated. [Jonason, Peter K.; Icho, Adiba; Ireland, Katie] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. p.jonason@westernsydney.edu.au Western Sydney University The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Research was funded by a Seed Grant to the first author from Western Sydney University. 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Psychol. JAN-MAR 2016 14 1 10.1177/1474704915623699 11 Psychology, Experimental Psychology DI3EA WOS:000373380000004 DOAJ Gold 2018-11-12 J Weiss, SL Weiss, Stacey L. Ornamentation, age, and survival of female striped plateau lizards, Sceloporus virgatus SCIENCE OF NATURE English Article Age-dependent; Female ornament; Life history theory; Multiple message signals; Sexual selection; Survival prospects MELANIN-BASED COLORATION; GOOD GENES; MUTUAL ORNAMENTATION; PREDATION RISK; OLD-AGE; REPRODUCTION; QUALITY; MALES; MODEL; ADVERTISEMENT Individuals with greater expression of secondary sexual traits are often older and have higher survivorship than individuals with lower expression; if so, assessment of such indicator traits may provide genetic and/or direct benefits to potential mates. I examined the relationship between ornament expression, age, and survival in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus, a species with female-specific ornamentation that honestly signals reproductive quality. I followed a group of females from 2008 to 2013, examined ornament color and size as females aged, and compared ornamentation of survivors versus non-survivors. In addition, I explored whether other (non-ornamental) phenotypic characters predicted survival. I found that peak ornament expression (both color and size) of individual females changed year to year but appeared to be a weak signal of age due to high among-female variation in ornament expression that occurred independent of age and a non-linear pattern of change for ornament color. However, both absolute and relative ornament size did increase significantly as an individual aged and therefore may provide some age-related information such as reproductive investment, which is expected to increase as residual reproductive value declines with age. Individual survival was unrelated to peak ornament expression and to other phenotypic variables measured, providing no support for the ornament as a viability indicator and suggesting that individual survival prospects are affected by stochastic and environmental factors. [Weiss, Stacey L.] Univ Puget Sound, 1500 N Warner St 1088, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA Weiss, SL (reprint author), Univ Puget Sound, 1500 N Warner St 1088, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. sweiss@pugetsound.edu Murdock Charitable Trust; University of Puget Sound I thank Carla Abrams, Kieran Bates, Erica Bender, Chris Brachna, Robby Brower, Tony Charvoz, Min Young Chun, Sabrina Duncan, Alexa Fritzsche, Jay Goldberg, Emily Mulligan, Juliane Schaer, Alisa Wallace, and Laura Wisdom for assistance in the field, and the American Museum of Natural History's Southwestern Research Station (SWRS) for logistical support. Funding was provided by the Murdock Charitable Trust and the University of Puget Sound. 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Nat. 2016 103 3-4 16 10.1007/s00114-016-1339-2 8 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics DH4JV WOS:000372752800002 26842787 2018-11-12 J Dillingham, PW; Moore, JE; Fletcher, D; Cortes, E; Curtis, KA; James, KC; Lewison, RL Dillingham, Peter W.; Moore, Jeffrey E.; Fletcher, David; Cortes, Enric; Curtis, K. Alexandra; James, Kelsey C.; Lewison, Rebecca L. Improved estimation of intrinsic growth r(max) for long-lived species: integrating matrix models and allometry ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS English Article allometric (rT) models; Bayesian analysis; demography; integrated population models; intrinsic growth rate; life-table models; long-lived species; population dynamics; Procellaria; white shark; Carcharodon carcharias WHITE-CHINNED PETRELS; POPULATION-GROWTH; INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY; INCREASE; MAMMALS; RATES; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; AGE; CONSERVATION Intrinsic population growth rate (r(max)) is an important parameter for many ecological applications, such as population risk assessment and harvest management. However, r(max) can be a difficult parameter to estimate, particularly for long-lived species, for which appropriate life table data or abundance time series are typically not obtainable. We describe a method for improving estimates of r(max) for long-lived species by integrating life-history theory (allometric models) and population-specific demographic data (life table models). Broad allometric relationships, such as those between life history traits and body size, have long been recognized by ecologists. These relationships are useful for deriving theoretical expectations for r(max), but r(max) for real populations may vary from simple allometric estimators for "archetypical" species of a given taxa or body mass. Meanwhile, life table approaches can provide population-specific estimates of r(max) from empirical data, but these may have poor precision from imprecise and missing vital rate parameter estimates. Our method borrows strength from both approaches to provide estimates that are consistent with both life-history theory and population-specific empirical data, and are likely to be more robust than estimates provided by either method alone. Our method uses an allometric constant: the product of r(max) and the associated generation time for a stable-age population growing at this rate. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the mean and variance of this allometric constant across well-studied populations from three vertebrate taxa (birds, mammals, and elasmobranchs) and found that the mean was approximately 1.0 for each taxon. We used these as informative Bayesian priors that determine how much to "shrink" imprecise vital rate estimates for a data-limited population toward the allometric expectation. The approach ultimately provides estimates of r(max) (and other vital rates) that reflect a balance of information from the individual studied population, theoretical expectation, and meta-analysis of other populations. We applied the method specifically to an archetypical petrel (representing the genus Procellaria) and to white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the context of estimating sustainable fishery bycatch limits. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; [Dillingham, Peter W.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA; [Moore, Jeffrey E.; Curtis, K. Alexandra] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA; [Fletcher, David] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA; [James, Kelsey C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA; [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA Dillingham, PW (reprint author), Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.; Dillingham, PW (reprint author), Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. pdillingham@une.edu.au Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014 Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 Lenfest Ocean Program Funding for this project was provided from the Lenfest Ocean Program. Ideas for this paper were originally presented at a workshop hosted by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 5-7 December 2012, entitled "Calculating productivity and related estimates for sharks," and we thank the participants for their helpful input. J. Barlow and T. Eguchi provided detailed comments that improved the manuscript. We thank S. Heppell and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. 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Appl. JAN 2016 26 1 322 333 10.1890/14-1990 12 Ecology; Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology DC8ZY WOS:000369511000025 27039528 2018-11-12 J Bjorkvoll, E; Lee, AM; Grotan, V; Saether, BE; Stien, A; Engen, S; Albon, S; Loe, LE; Hansen, BB Bjorkvoll, Eirin; Lee, Aline M.; Grotan, Vidar; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Stien, Audun; Engen, Steinar; Albon, Steve; Loe, Leif Egil; Hansen, Brage Bremset Demographic buffering of life histories? Implications of the choice of measurement scale ECOLOGY English Article age structure; demographic buffering; elasticity; integrated population modeling; life history; matrix models; measurement scale; Svalbard reindeer; variance constraints POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VITAL-RATES; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; LARGE HERBIVORES; VARIABILITY; FITNESS; CLIMATE; HYPOTHESIS; SURVIVAL Life-history theory predicts that the vital rates that influence population growth the most should be buffered against environmental fluctuations due to selection for reduced variation. However, it remains unclear whether populations actually are influenced by such demographic buffering, because variation in vital rates can be compared on different measurement scales, and there has been little attempt to investigate whether the choice of scale influences the chance of detecting demographic buffering. We compared two statistical approaches to examine whether demographic buffering has influenced vital rates in wild Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). To account for statistical variance constraints on vital rates limited between 0 and 1 in analyses of demographic buffering, one approach is to scale observed variation by the maximum possible variation on the arithmetic scale. When applying this approach, the results suggested that demographic buffering was occurring. However, when we applied an alternative approach that identified statistical variance constraints on the logit scale, there was no evidence for demographic buffering. Thus, the choice of measurement scale must be carefully considered before one can fully understand whether demographic buffering influences life histories. Defining the appropriate scale may require an understanding of the mechanisms through which demographic buffering may have evolved. [Bjorkvoll, Eirin; Lee, Aline M.; Grotan, Vidar; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Engen, Steinar; Hansen, Brage Bremset] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Lee, Aline M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Stien, Audun] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Arctic Ecol Dept, Fram Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Albon, Steve] Craigiebuckler, James Hutton Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland; [Loe, Leif Egil] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Ecol & Nat Resource Management, NO-1432 As, Norway; [Bjorkvoll, Eirin] Norwegian Environm Agcy, Postboks 5672, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway Bjorkvoll, E (reprint author), Norwegian Environm Agcy, Postboks 5672, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway. eirin.bjorkvoll@miljodir.no ALBON, Stephen/C-6304-2011; Loe, Leif Egil/M-5798-2016; Hansen, Brage/B-9942-2008 ALBON, Stephen/0000-0002-0811-1333; Loe, Leif Egil/0000-0003-4804-2253; Hansen, Brage/0000-0001-8763-4361; Stien, Audun/0000-0001-8046-7337; Lee, Aline/0000-0001-9272-4249 European Research Council (ERC) [AdG 268562]; Research Council of Norway (RCN) (SFF-III project) [223257]; Research Council of Norway (RCN) (NORKLIMA project) [178561/S30]; Research Council of Norway (RCN) (POLARPROG project) [216051]; RCN; Macaulay Development Trust; UK Natural Environment Research Council This study was financed by the European Research Council (ERC-2010-AdG 268562) and the Research Council of Norway (RCN) (SFF-III project 223257, NORKLIMA project 178561/S30, and POLARPROG project 216051). We are grateful to Christophe Pelabon, Justin Irvine, Erik Ropstad, Vebjorn Veiberg, Rolf Langvatn, Odd Halvorsen, and students and staff at The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) for contributions to the study. We also thank J. M. Gaillard and one anonymous reviewer for constructive comments improving the manuscript. Data collection was mainly financed by RCN, UK Natural Environment Research Council, and the Macaulay Development Trust. 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Their relation to chemical stressors and seasonal changes FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY English Article Innate immunity; Hematology; Body condition; Anthropogenic pollution; Wild fish; Seasonality; Patagonia IMMUNE-RESPONSE; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; POPULATION-LEVEL; HEAVY-METALS; FISH; INNATE; EXPOSURE; POLLUTION; OIL; HYDROCARBONS We present the results of a field study that evaluates whether exposure to anthropogenic pollution impacts immunological and health-state parameters of wild marine fish during the breeding and non breeding periods. We assessed aspects of innate immunity (bactericidal capacity, bacterial agglutination, and leukocyte profile) and general health-related parameters (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hematocrit, and condition factor) in the Patagonian rockfish (Sebastes oculatus) sampled from polluted (exposed) and reference (control) sites during winter (i.e., coolest temperatures and active reproductive period) and in summer (i.e., warmest temperatures and non-reproductive period). Results showed lower bactericidal competence, hematocrit, and condition factor in fish from exposed sites independently of season, whereas lymphocytes were higher and monocytes lower at the exposed site only during summer. Moreover, fish sampled during winter displayed lower bactericidal competence, hematocrit, and condition factor than those sampled in summer independently of site, whereas the opposite pattern was found for bacterial agglutination. 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Claire; Maestripieri, Dario Interest in Babies Negatively Predicts Testosterone Responses to Sexual Visual Stimuli Among Heterosexual Young Men PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE English Article life-history theory; mating; parenting trade-off; testosterone reactivity; interest in babies; sexual stimuli LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; K-FACTOR; INFANTS; FATHERS Men's testosterone may be an important physiological mechanism mediating motivational and behavioral aspects of the mating/parenting trade-off not only over time but also in terms of stable differences between mating-oriented and parenting-oriented individuals. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that self-reported interest in babies is inversely related to testosterone reactivity to cues of short-term mating among heterosexual young men. Among 100 participants, interest in babies was related to a slow life-history strategy, as assessed by the Mini-K questionnaire, and negatively related to testosterone responses to an erotic video. 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JAN 2016 27 1 114 118 10.1177/0956797615615868 5 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology DB5ZI WOS:000368592300012 26626441 2018-11-12 J Ellen, ED; Peeters, K; Verhoeven, M; Gols, R; Harvey, JA; Wade, MJ; Dicke, M; Bijma, P Ellen, Esther D.; Peeters, Katrijn; Verhoeven, Merel; Gols, Rieta; Harvey, Jeffrey A.; Wade, Michael J.; Dicke, Marcel; Bijma, Piter Direct and indirect genetic effects in life-history traits of flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) EVOLUTION English Article Development time; growth rate; IGE; pupal body mass; social interactions GROUP SELECTION; MULTILEVEL SELECTION; KIN SELECTION; EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INTERACTING PHENOTYPES; HERITABLE VARIATION; POPULATION-DENSITY; DEVELOPMENT TIME; CONFUSUM DUVAL Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) are the basis of social interactions among conspecifics, and can affect genetic variation of nonsocial and social traits. We used flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) of two phenotypically distinguishable populations to estimate genetic (co)variances and the effect of IGEs on three life-history traits: development time (DT), growth rate (GR), and pupal body mass (BM). We found that GR was strongly affected by social environment with IGEs accounting for 18% of the heritable variation. We also discovered a sex-specific social effect: male ratio in a group significantly affected both GR and BM; that is, beetles grew larger and faster in male-biased social environments. Such sex-specific IGEs have not previously been demonstrated in a nonsocial insect. Our results show that beetles that achieve a higher BM do so via a slower GR in response to social environment. Existing models of evolution in age-structured or stage-structured populations do not account for IGEs of social cohorts. It is likely that such IGEs have played a key role in the evolution of developmental plasticity shown by Tenebrionid larvae in response to density. Our results document an important source of genetic variation for GR, often overlooked in life-history theory. [Ellen, Esther D.; Peeters, Katrijn; Verhoeven, Merel; Bijma, Piter] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; [Peeters, Katrijn] Hendrix Genet, Res & Technol Ctr, NL-5831 CK Boxmeer, Netherlands; [Gols, Rieta; Dicke, Marcel] Wageningen Univ, Entomol Lab, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; [Harvey, Jeffrey A.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Wade, Michael J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA Ellen, ED (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands. Esther.Ellen@wur.nl Library, Library/A-4320-2012; Dicke, Marcel/B-2300-2010; Harvey, Jeffrey/B-7439-2008 Library, Library/0000-0002-3835-159X; Dicke, Marcel/0000-0001-8565-8896; Harvey, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4227-7935; Gols, Rieta/0000-0002-6839-8225 Dutch science council (NWO) The authors acknowledge F. Bartels, I. van den Anker, and M. Ooms for helping with the experiment, and B. Ducro and H. Bovenhuis for statistical advice. Both EDE and PB are financially supported by the Dutch science council (NWO) and part of this work was coordinated by the Netherlands Technology Foundation (STW). NIH R01GM084238 to MJW. 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L.; Monaghan, Pat; Ozanne, Susan E.; Beaulieu, Michael; Briga, Michael; Carr, Sarah K.; Christensen, Louise L.; Cocheme, Helena M.; Cram, Dominic L.; Dantzer, Ben; Harper, Jim M.; Jurk, Diana; King, Annette; Noguera, Jose C.; Salin, Karine; Sild, Elin; Simons, Mirre J. P.; Smith, Shona; Stier, Antoine; Tobler, Michael; Vitikainen, Emma; Peaker, Malcolm; Selman, Colin Oxidative stress and life histories: unresolved issues and current needs ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Aging; disposable soma theory; free radicals; life-history theory; oxidative stress NAKED-MOLE-RAT; FREE-RADICAL THEORY; MN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LONGEST-LIVING RODENT; TITS PARUS-MAJOR; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; FOOD-SUPPLEMENTATION Life-history theory concerns the trade-offs that mold the patterns of investment by animals between reproduction, growth, and survival. It is widely recognized that physiology plays a role in the mediation of life-history trade-offs, but the details remain obscure. As life-history theory concerns aspects of investment in the soma that influence survival, understanding the physiological basis of life histories is related, but not identical, to understanding the process of aging. One idea from the field of aging that has gained considerable traction in the area of life histories is that life-history trade-offs may be mediated by free radical production and oxidative stress. We outline here developments in this field and summarize a number of important unresolved issues that may guide future research efforts. The issues are as follows. First, different tissues and macromolecular targets of oxidative stress respond differently during reproduction. The functional significance of these changes, however, remains uncertain. Consequently there is a need for studies that link oxidative stress measurements to functional outcomes, such as survival. Second, measurements of oxidative stress are often highly invasive or terminal. Terminal studies of oxidative stress in wild animals, where detailed life-history information is available, cannot generally be performed without compromising the aims of the studies that generated the life-history data. There is a need therefore for novel non-invasive measurements of multi-tissue oxidative stress. Third, laboratory studies provide unrivaled opportunities for experimental manipulation but may fail to expose the physiology underpinning life-history effects, because of the benign laboratory environment. Fourth, the idea that oxidative stress might underlie life-history trade-offs does not make specific enough predictions that are amenable to testing. Moreover, there is a paucity of good alternative theoretical models on which contrasting predictions might be based. Fifth, there is an enormous diversity of life-history variation to test the idea that oxidative stress may be a key mediator. So far we have only scratched the surface. Broadening the scope may reveal new strategies linked to the processes of oxidative damage and repair. Finally, understanding the trade-offs in life histories and understanding the process of aging are related but not identical questions. Scientists inhabiting these two spheres of activity seldom collide, yet they have much to learn from each other. [Speakman, John R.; Christensen, Louise L.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland; [Speakman, John R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, State Key Lab Mol Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Blount, Jonathan D.; Vitikainen, Emma] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England; [Bronikowski, Anne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA; [Buffenstein, Rochelle] UTHSCSA, Barshop Inst Aging & Longev Res, Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA; [Isaksson, Caroline; Tobler, Michael] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Kirkwood, Tom B. L.; Jurk, Diana; King, Annette] Newcastle Univ, Inst Ageing, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, Tyne & Wear, England; [Monaghan, Pat; Noguera, Jose C.; Salin, Karine; Smith, Shona; Selman, Colin] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland; [Ozanne, Susan E.; Carr, Sarah K.] Univ Cambridge, Metab Res Labs, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; [Ozanne, Susan E.; Carr, Sarah K.] Addenbrookes Hosp, Wellcome Trust MRC Inst Metab Sci, MRC Metab Dis Unit, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England; [Beaulieu, Michael] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Museum & Inst Zool, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; [Briga, Michael] Univ Groningen, Behav Biol, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; [Cocheme, Helena M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, London W12 0NN, England; [Cram, Dominic L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England; [Dantzer, Ben] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Harper, Jim M.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA; [Simons, Mirre J. P.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Stier, Antoine] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC UMR7178, Dept Ecol Physiol & Ethol, F-67087 Strasbourg, France; [Peaker, Malcolm] Rushmere, Alloway KA7 4QX, England Speakman, JR (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. j.speakman@abdn.ac.uk; Colin.Selman@glasgow.ac.uk Vitikainen, Emma/F-2099-2010; Dantzer, Ben/E-9779-2011; Monaghan, Pat/E-6810-2015; Tobler, Michael/B-2754-2013 Vitikainen, Emma/0000-0003-3718-0941; Dantzer, Ben/0000-0002-3058-265X; Tobler, Michael/0000-0001-5895-6302; Simons, Mirre/0000-0001-7406-7708; Ozanne, Susan/0000-0001-8753-5144; Selman, Colin/0000-0002-8727-0593; Stier, Antoine/0000-0002-5445-5524; Jurk, Diana/0000-0003-4486-0857; Briga, Michael/0000-0003-3160-0407; Salin, Karine/0000-0002-3368-9639; Cram, Dominic/0000-0002-8790-8294 Rank prize funds; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BEP17042, BB/C008200/1]; British Heart Foundation [FS/09/029/27902]; Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12012/4]; National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0508-10260]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M005941/1] This study was the result of a week-long workshop sponsored by the Rank Prize Funds attended by all the authors Alonso-Alvarez C, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P363, DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00594.x; Andziak B, 2006, AGING CELL, V5, P525, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00246.x; Andziak B, 2006, AGING CELL, V5, P463, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00237.x; Barga G., 2013, ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN, V19, P1420; Barja G., 2013, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V69, P1096; Beaulieu M, 2014, J EXP BIOL, V217, P2629, DOI 10.1242/jeb.104851; Beaulieu M, 2013, ANIM BEHAV, V86, P17, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.022; Beckman KB, 1998, PHYSIOL REV, V78, P547; Bergeron P, 2011, FUNCT ECOL, V25, P1063, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01868.x; Bize P, 2008, ECOLOGY, V89, P2584, DOI 10.1890/07-1135.1; Blount J. 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Evol. DEC 2015 5 24 S745 S757 10.1002/ece3.1790 13 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DA9NP WOS:000368136600001 26811750 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Williams, TD; Fowler, MA Williams, Tony D.; Fowler, Melinda A. Individual variation in workload during parental care: can we detect a physiological signature of quality or cost of reproduction? JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY English Article; Proceedings Paper 26th International Ornithological Congress (IOC) AUG 18-24, 2014 Rikkyo Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN Rikkyo Univ Parental care; Exercise physiology; Workload; Sturnus vulgaris; Cost of reproduction; Physiological costs IN-HOUSE MICE; DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; WHEEL-RUNNING ACTIVITY; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; IMMUNE FUNCTION; CLUTCH SIZE; BROOD SIZE; BLUE TITS; BODY-MASS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION How hard do birds work during parental care, chick rearing, or provisioning of their nestlings? And if birds do work hard, can we detect a physiological signature of individual variation in workload ability (perhaps related to 'quality') or costs associated with high workload? Here, we provide a broad conceptual perspective on these questions. Life-history theory predicts (or requires) that (1) parental care is hard work, (2) individuals that invest more in parental care benefit in terms of rearing more, larger, fitter offspring, but that (3) increased investment in parental care comes at a cost: decreased future fecundity and/or survival. However, we start by highlighting studies that are inconsistent with this conventional view, e.g., (1) females often do not pay a survival cost of increased workload (though males do), (2) some (high quality?) individuals appear to maximise numerous life-history traits, and (3) workload during parental care often does not predict productivity. We suggest that an "exercise physiology" perspective on parental care might be informative, but highlight the fact that existing models of exercise often involve conditions very different from that free-living animals experience while foraging (e.g., using forced exercise) and are often divorced from the critical relationship in free-living animals between exercise and acquisition of resources. We briefly review studies looking at physiological effects of workload during parental care in freeliving birds, but again highlight our surprising lack of knowledge in this area especially where experimental manipulation of workload is coupled with comprehensive, physiological analysis. Finally, we make three recommendations for how can we advance the study of physiology of parental care in chick-rearing birds: (1) experimental manipulation of workload, (2) obtaining better measures of workload, for large numbers of known-individuals, and (3) better assessment of physiology of individual quality, and identification of specific metrics of workload-induced 'wear and tear'. [Williams, Tony D.; Fowler, Melinda A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada Williams, TD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. tdwillia@sfu.ca NSERC This work was funded by NSERC Discovery Grant and Accelerator funding to T.D.W. We thank Allison Cornell, Megan Rogers, James Hou, and Jessica Leung for help with fieldwork and laboratory analysis; this MS benefited greatly from discussions T.D.W. had with Jeff Yap and Mitchell Serota during a Directed Readings course on the "Physiology of exercise". 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Ornithol. DEC 2015 156 1 S441 S451 10.1007/s10336-015-1213-6 11 Ornithology Zoology CZ9ZT WOS:000367457200040 2018-11-12 J Ashu, EE; Xu, JP Ashu, Eta Ebasi; Xu, Jianping The roles of sexual and asexual reproduction in the origin and dissemination of strains causing fungal infectious disease outbreaks INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION English Review Pathogenic fungi; Sex; Outbreaks; Selection; Muller's Ratchet; Life-history theory WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; F-SP CUBENSE; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-GATTII; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; FUSARIUM-PSEUDOGRAMINEARUM; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA Sexual reproduction commonly refers to the reproductive process in which genomes from two sources are combined into a single cell through mating and then the zygote genomes are partitioned to progeny cells through meiosis. Reproduction in the absence of mating and meiosis is referred to as asexual or clonal reproduction. One major advantage of sexual reproduction is that it generates genetic variation among progeny which may allow for faster adaptation of the population to novel and/or stressful environments. However, adaptation to stressful or new environments can still occur through mutation, in the absence of sex. In this review, we analyzed the relative contributions of sexual and asexual reproduction in the origin and spread of strains causing fungal infectious diseases outbreaks. The necessity of sex and the ability of asexual fungi to initiate outbreaks are discussed. We propose a framework that relates the modes of reproduction to the origin and propagation of fungal disease outbreaks. Our analyses suggest that both sexual and asexual reproduction can play critical roles in the origin of outbreak strains and that the rapid spread of outbreak strains is often accomplished through asexual expansion. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Ashu, Eta Ebasi; Xu, Jianping] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada Xu, JP (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. jpxu@mcmaster.ca Xu, Jianping/0000-0003-2915-2780 Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada [531998] We thank Professor Jim Quinn for comments. We also want to acknowledge Dr. Elizabeth Akinnawo for her comments and suggestions. Research in our lab on fungal infectious diseases is supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) (531998) of Canada. 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Genet. Evol. DEC 2015 36 199 209 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.09.019 11 Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases DA1IA WOS:000367548300025 26394109 2018-11-12 J Payo-Payo, A; Oro, D; Igual, JM; Jover, L; Sanpera, C; Tavecchia, G Payo-Payo, Ana; Oro, Daniel; Igual, Jose Manuel; Jover, Lluis; Sanpera, Carolina; Tavecchia, Giacomo Population control of an overabundant species achieved through consecutive anthropogenic perturbations ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS English Article adult survival; anthropogenic perturbation; Dragonera Island, Spain; food availability; Larus michahellis; pest; population size; predictable anthropogenic food subsidies; seabird; stable isotope analysis; Yellow-legged Gull YELLOW-LEGGED GULL; HERRING GULL; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; LARUS-AUDOUINII; BREEDING SUCCESS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MARKED ANIMALS; DIET CHOICE The control of overabundant vertebrates is often problematic. Much work has focused on population-level responses and overabundance due to anthropogenic subsidies. However, far less work has been directed at investigating responses following the removal of subsidies. We investigate the consequences of two consecutive perturbations, the closure of a landfill and an inadvertent poisoning event, on the trophic ecology (delta C-13, delta N-15, and delta S-34), survival, and population size of an overabundant generalist seabird species, the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis). We expected that the landfill closure would cause a strong dietary shift and the inadvertent poisoning a decrease in gull population size. As a long-lived species, we also anticipated adult survival to be buffered against the decrease in food availability but not against the inadvertent poisoning event. Stable isotope analysis confirmed the dietary shift towards marine resources after the disappearance of the landfill. Although the survival model was inconclusive, it did suggest that the perturbations had a negative effect on survival, which was followed by a recovery back to average values. Food limitation likely triggered dispersal to other populations, while poisoning may have increased mortality; these two processes were likely responsible for the large fall in population size that occurred after the two consecutive perturbations. Life-history theory suggests that perturbations may encourage species to halt existing breeding investment in order to ensure future survival. However, under strong perturbation pulses the resilience threshold might be surpassed and changes in population density can arise. Consecutive perturbations may effectively manage overabundant species. [Payo-Payo, Ana; Oro, Daniel; Igual, Jose Manuel; Tavecchia, Giacomo] IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Populat Ecol Grp, Esporles 07190, Spain; [Jover, Lluis] Univ Barcelona, Fac Med, Dept Salut Publ, Barcelona 08036, Spain; [Sanpera, Carolina] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Biol Anim Vertebrats, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain Payo-Payo, A (reprint author), IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Populat Ecol Grp, Miguel Marques 21, Esporles 07190, Spain. anapayopayo@imedea.uib-csic.es Jover, Lluis/D-2192-2011 Jover, Lluis/0000-0003-0631-1398; Igual, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-8369-3150; Sanpera, Carolina/0000-0002-5198-6514 Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU2012-000869]; Balearic Government (FEDER Program); Spanish Ministry of Economy [CGL2013-42203-R] We thank Nathalie Chardon for editing and correction of the paper. We also thank the PEG staff at IMEDEA for their help with the fieldwork. J. Muntaner and SKUA provided rings and information on Yellow-legged Gull. Thanks are also due to Marti Mayol and the staff of the Dragonera Natural Reserve for their help. Mike Lockwood improved the English. The comments of the editor and two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. Permits were provided by the OAPN (Spanish Ministry of the Environment) and Balearic Regional Government. A. Payo-Payo was supported by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education (ref. FPU2012-000869). Funds were also partially provided by the Balearic Government (FEDER Program) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy (ref. CGL2013-42203-R). 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F., 2009, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS 83 8 8 2 20 ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER WASHINGTON 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA 1051-0761 1939-5582 ECOL APPL Ecol. Appl. DEC 2015 25 8 2228 2239 10.1890/14-2090.1.sm 12 Ecology; Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology CZ6KR WOS:000367210700013 26910951 Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Roosa, KA; Place, NJ Roosa, Kristen A.; Place, Ned J. Mate preference for dominant vs. subordinate males in young female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) following chemically-accelerated ovarian follicle depletion PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR English Article Mate preference; Hamster; Ovary; Aging GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; 4-VINYLCYCLOHEXENE DIEPOXIDE; MOUSE MODEL; CHOICE; PERIMENOPAUSE; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; AGE; MENOPAUSE; HYPOTHALAMUS Life history theory predicts that selectivity for mates generally declines as females age. We previously demonstrated this phenomenon in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), in that older females showed reduced preference for dominant over subordinate males. To test the hypothesis that decreased reproductive quality due to aging reduces mate preference, we decoupled reproductive and chronological age by treating young female hamsters with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), which destroys ovarian follicles and functionally accelerates ovarian follicle depletion without compromising the general health of rodents. In this study, VCD effectively reduced follicle numbers in young Syrian hamsters. VCD-treated and control females were allowed to choose between a dominant and a subordinate male in a Y-maze on the day of proestrus. Both VCD-treated and control females demonstrated preference for the dominant male by leaving a greater proportion of vaginal scent marks near him, which is a behavior that females display when soliciting prospective mates. However, there was no effect of treatment on the proportion of vaginal scent marks left for the dominant male. Furthermore, ovarian follicle numbers were not significantly correlated with any behaviors in either group. We conclude that accelerated ovarian follicle depletion does not reduce mate preference in young female hamsters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Roosa, Kristen A.; Place, Ned J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA Roosa, KA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, S2-072 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kar277@cornell.edu NSF [1407020] The Y maze and the arena used to establish male dominance relationships were bequeathed to us from Professor Robert Johnston's lab shortly after his passing in December 2014. The authors wish to thank Bob for sharing his wealth of knowledge about hamster behavior. The authors are grateful to Bob's graduate student Marcela Fernandez Peters for advice in working with Syrian hamsters and for providing 15-month-old hamsters for the follicle count comparisons. We acknowledge Dianne Vernon for scoring the video-recordings of Y-maze tests, David Peck and Ni Feng for their critical reviews of the manuscript, and the staff of Laboratory Animal Services at Cornell University, especially to Jackie Belliveau for her exceptional care of the hamsters. This study was supported by NSF grant 1407020 to N. J. Place and K. A Roosa. 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Behav. DEC 1 2015 152 A 41 46 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.036 6 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences Psychology; Behavioral Sciences CZ2RZ WOS:000366953600006 26335038 Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Oldakowski, L; Wasiluk, A; Sadowska, ET; Koteja, P; Taylor, JRE Oldakowski, Lukasz; Wasiluk, Aleksandra; Sadowska, Edyta T.; Koteja, Pawel; Taylor, Jan R. E. Reproduction is not costly in terms of oxidative stress JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY English Article Cost of reproduction; Manipulation of litter size; Oxidative stress; Oxidative damage; Antioxidants; Myodes glareolus BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; LABORATORY MICE; BANK VOLE; CONCURRENT PREGNANCY; LITTER SIZE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DAMAGE; LACTATION; MECHANISMS One of the core assumptions of life-history theory is the negative trade-off between current and future reproduction. Investment in current reproduction is expected to decrease future reproductive success or survival, but the physiological mechanisms underlying these costs are still obscure. To test for a role of oxidative stress, we measured oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in liver, heart, kidneys and muscles, as well as the level of antioxidants (total glutathione and catalase), in breeding and non-breeding bank voles. We used females from lines selected for high aerobic metabolism and non-selected control lines and manipulated their reproductive investment by decreasing or increasing litter size. Unlike in most previous studies, the females reared four consecutive litters (the maximum possible during a breeding season). Contrary to predictions, oxidative damage in reproducing females was decreased or not changed, and did not differ between the selected and control lines. Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the liver was lower in females that weaned enlarged litters than in non-breeding ones, and was intermediate in those with reduced litters. Oxidative damage to proteins in the heart also tended to be lower in breeding females than in non-breeding ones. A negative relationship between the level of oxidative damage and activity of catalase in kidneys indicated a protective action of antioxidants. In conclusion, our study falsified the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a part of the proximate physiological mechanism underlying the fundamental life-history trade-off between current and future reproduction. [Oldakowski, Lukasz; Wasiluk, Aleksandra; Taylor, Jan R. 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DEC 2015 218 24 3901 3910 10.1242/jeb.126557 10 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics CY8FZ WOS:000366645500009 26519508 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Fletcher, QE; Dantzer, B; Boonstra, R Fletcher, Quinn E.; Dantzer, Ben; Boonstra, Rudy The impact of reproduction on the stress axis of free-living male northern red backed voles (Myodes rutilus) GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY English Article Glucocorticoids; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis; Glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors; Individual variation; Life-history theory; Costs of reproduction ARCTIC GROUND-SQUIRRELS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; CLETHRIONOMYS-RUFOCANUS-BEDFORDIAE; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; YELLOW-PINE CHIPMUNKS; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; MESSENGER-RNA; GLUCOCORTICOID CONCENTRATIONS Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis culminates in the release of glucocorticoids (henceforth CORT), which have wide-reaching physiological effects. Three hypotheses potentially explain seasonal variation in CORT. The enabling hypothesis predicts that reproductive season CORT exceeds post-reproductive season CORT because CORT enables reproductive investment. The inhibitory hypothesis predicts the opposite because CORT can negatively affect reproductive function. The costs of reproduction hypothesis predicts that HPA axis condition declines over and following the reproductive season. We tested these hypotheses in wild male red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus) during the reproductive and post-reproductive seasons. We quantified CORT levels in response to restraint stress tests consisting of three blood samples (initial, stress-induced, and recovery). Mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor mRNA levels in the brain were also quantified over the reproductive season. Total CORT (tCORT) in the initial and stress-induced samples were greater in the post-reproductive than in the reproductive season, which supported the inhibitory hypothesis. Conversely, free CORT (fCORT) did not differ between the reproductive and post-reproductive seasons, which was counter to both the enabling and inhibitory hypotheses. Evidence for HPA axis condition decline in CORT as well as GR and MR mRNA over the reproductive season (i.e. costs of reproduction hypothesis) was mixed. Moreover, all of the parameters that showed signs of declining condition over the reproductive season did not also show signs of declining condition over the post-reproductive season suggesting that the costs resulting from reproductive investment had subsided. In conclusion, our results suggest that different aspects of the HPA axis respond differently to seasonal changes and reproductive investment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Fletcher, Quinn E.; Boonstra, Rudy] Univ Toronto, Ctr Neurobiol Stress, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; [Dantzer, Ben] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Dantzer, Ben] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Fletcher, QE (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. q.fletcher@gmail.com; dantzer@umich.edu; boonstra@utsc.utoronto.ca Dantzer, Ben/E-9779-2011 Dantzer, Ben/0000-0002-3058-265X Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for research funding to RB and for a scholarship to QEF. We would also like to thank the Arctic Institute of North America for use of the Kluane Lake Base, B. Delehanty for helpful comments on the manuscript, S. Slater for assistance in the field, and J. Castillo for assistance in the lab. We thank C.J. Krebs, A.J. Kenney, E.J. Hofer, and S. Boutin, and all other people that have been involved in the Community Ecological Monitoring Program, (CEMP) for the long-term trapping data in the Yukon. 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The Metabolic Cost of Mounting an Immune Response in Male Brown Anoles (Anolis sagrei) JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY English Article TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; STRESS; LIZARD; BIRDS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; EXPENDITURE; STRATEGIES The tradeoff between reproduction and survival is central to life-history theory and is thought to reflect underlying energetic tradeoffs between reproduction and self-maintenance. Immune responses to parasites and pathogens are important components of self-maintenance in many species, but whether these defenses impose significant energetic costs has only been tested in a handful of organisms. We tested for a metabolic cost of mounting an immune response in the male brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a lizard in which we have previously shown that reproduction causes a marked reduction in immune response to the novel antigen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). We treated captive male anoles with a subcutaneous injection of either PHA, which induces an immune response that manifests as localized swelling, or saline vehicle as a control. Prior to injection and at 24, 48, and 72 hr post-injection, we measured swelling at the site of injection and whole-animal resting metabolic rate (RMR) using stop-flow respirometry. Although we detected a robust swelling response to PHA at 24, 48, and 72 hr post-injection, mean RMR did not differ between treatments at any of these time points. However, within the PHA treatment group, RMR increased with the extent of swelling, suggesting a variable metabolic cost that scales with the magnitude of the induced immune response. Although individual anoles varied considerably in the extent to which they responded to PHA challenge, our results suggest that an immune response can impose a substantial metabolic cost (potentially as much as 63% above baseline RMR) for individuals that do respond maximally. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [Cox, Christian L.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA; [Cox, Christian L.; Peaden, Robert T.; Cox, Robert M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA USA Cox, CL (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. clcox@georgiasouthern.edu University of Virginia Grant sponsor: University of Virginia. 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Exp. Zool. Part A DEC 1 2015 323 10 689 695 10.1002/jez.1960 7 Zoology Zoology CX8RB WOS:000365970300001 26350753 2018-11-12 J Szepsenwol, O; Simpson, JA; Griskevicius, V; Raby, KL Szepsenwol, Ohad; Simpson, Jeffry A.; Griskevicius, Vladas; Raby, K. Lee The Effect of Unpredictable Early Childhood Environments on Parenting in Adulthood JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article parenting; early-life stress; social development; life history theory; attachment LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION; ATTACHMENT INTERVIEW; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ALTERNATIVE MODELS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SELF-REPORTS; RISK; STRESS; METAANALYSIS Life history theory suggests that individual differences in parenting are partially rooted in environmental conditions experienced early in life. Whereas certain conditions should promote increased investment in parenting, unpredictable and/or harsh environments should promote decreased investment in parenting, especially in men. We tested this hypothesis in 3 studies. In Study 1a, we conducted analyses on 112 parents taking part in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (MLSRA), all of whom have been continuously studied starting before they were born. Parenting orientations were assessed at age 32 via an interview. Findings showed that experiencing more unpredictability at ages 0-4 (i.e., frequent changes in parental employment status, cohabitation status, and residence) prospectively forecasted more negative parenting orientations among men, but not women. This effect was serially mediated by lower early maternal supportive presence measured at ages 0-4 and insecure attachment assessed at ages 19 and 26. In Study 1b, we replicated these findings on 96 parents from the MLSRA using behavioral observations of their parental supportive presence. In Study 2, we replicated the effect of early-life unpredictability on men's parenting orientations with a sample of 435 parents. This effect was mediated by adult attachment anxiety and avoidance. Across all studies, greater early-life harshness (low socioeconomic status [SES]) did not predict adult parenting outcomes. These findings suggest that greater early-life unpredictability may be conveyed to children through less supportive parenting, which results in insecure attachment representations in adulthood. Among men, this process culminates in less positive adult parenting orientations and less supportive parenting. [Szepsenwol, Ohad; Simpson, Jeffry A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Raby, K. Lee] Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA Szepsenwol, O (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, 75 East River Rd,Suite N355, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ohad.sheps@gmail.com Simpson, Jeff/0000-0003-1899-2493; Szepsenwol, Ohad/0000-0002-0561-172X National Science Foundation [1057482] This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant # 1057482 awarded to Jeffry A. Simpson and Vladas Griskevicius. Adam EK, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P110, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00657.x; AMATO PR, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V110, P26, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.110.1.26; Amato PR, 1998, MEN IN FAMILIES, P241; Anderson KG, 2010, FATHERHOOD EVOLUTION; Belsky J, 2005, CHILD DEV, V76, P384, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00852.x; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J., 2006, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, P38; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P1570, DOI 10.1037/a0027599; Belsky J, 2012, DEV PSYCHOL, V48, P662, DOI 10.1037/a0024454; Bolstad W. 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DEC 2015 109 6 1045 1067 10.1037/pspi0000032 23 Psychology, Social Psychology CY3NE WOS:000366315700006 26461797 2018-11-12 J von Wyschetzki, K; Rueppell, O; Oettler, J; Heinze, J von Wyschetzki, Katharina; Rueppell, Olav; Oettler, Jan; Heinze, Juergen Transcriptomic Signatures Mirror the Lack of the Fecundity/Longevity Trade-Off in Ant Queens MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article fecundity/longevity trade-off; transcriptome; aging; mating; social insect; RNA-Seq LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; HONEY-BEE LONGEVITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; JUVENILE-HORMONE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOCIAL INSECTS; DIMORPHIC MALES; APIS-MELLIFERA Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between reproductive investment and self-maintenance. The negative association between fertility and longevity found throughout multicellular organisms supports this prediction. As an important exception, the reproductives of many eusocial insects (ants, bees, and termites) are simultaneously very long-lived and highly fertile. Here, we examine the proximate basis for this exceptional relationship by comparing whole-body transcriptomes of differently aged queens of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. We show that the sets of genes differentially expressed with age significantly overlap with age-related expression changes previously found in female Drosophila melanogaster. We identified several developmental processes, such as the generation of neurons, as common signatures of aging. More generally, however, gene expression in ant queens and flies changes with age mainly in opposite directions. In contrast to flies, reproduction-associated genes were upregulated and genes associated with metabolic processes and muscle contraction were downregulated in old relative to young ant queens. Furthermore, we searched for putative C. obscurior longevity candidates associated with the previously reported lifespan-prolonging effect of mating by comparing the transcriptomes of queens that differed in mating and reproductive status. We found 21 genes, including the putative aging candidate NLaz (an insect homolog of APOD), which were consistently more highly expressed in short-lived, unmated queens than in long-lived, mated queens. Our study provides clear evidence that the alternative regulation of conserved molecular pathways that mediate the interplay among mating, egg laying, and aging underlies the lack of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in ant queens. [von Wyschetzki, Katharina; Oettler, Jan; Heinze, Juergen] Univ Regensburg, LS Zool Evolut Biol, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; [Rueppell, Olav] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA von Wyschetzki, K (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, LS Zool Evolut Biol, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. katharina.wyschetzki@ur.de Rueppell, Olav/0000-0001-5370-4229 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [He1623/31]; Regensburger Universitatsstiftung; NIA [R21AG046837]; QMUL Research-IT; EPSRC [EP/K000128/1]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K000128/1, EP/K000233/1] This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (He1623/31). Collection of colonies of C. obscurior was possible through permit SISBIO 20324-1. The study was also supported by Regensburger Universitatsstiftung and NIA (R21AG046837) to O.R. The authors thank Alexandra Schrempf, Abel Bernadou, and two anonymous referees for valuable comments on the manuscript. This research utilized Queen Mary's MidPlus computational facilities, supported by QMUL Research-IT and funded by EPSRC grant EP/K000128/1. 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DEC 2015 32 12 3173 3185 10.1093/molbev/msv186 13 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity CX2ED WOS:000365507300011 26341296 Bronze, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Ory, NC; van Son, TC; Thiel, M Ory, Nicolas Christian; van Son, Thijs Christiaan; Thiel, Martin Mating rock shrimp hedge their bets: old males take greater risk, but only after careful assessment of the investment scenario BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Article Age; Mate-guarding; Mating behavior; Predation risk; Residual reproductive value; Risk-taking strategies RHYNCHOCINETES-TYPUS DECAPODA; RESIDUAL REPRODUCTIVE VALUE; MALE-DOMINANCE HIERARCHY; PREDATION RISK; TERMINAL INVESTMENT; SEXUAL SELECTION; ANTIPREDATORY BEHAVIOR; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; INTERSEXUAL CONFLICT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE Mature organisms often have to trade reproductive opportunities against the need to survive, especially in species with exaggerated, sexually selected traits. Life history theory predicts that old males with low residual reproductive value (RRV) would accept greater risk for current reproduction than their younger counterparts. Accordingly, we tested the prediction that, under predation risk, old males of the rock shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus pair with females faster and for a longer time than young males do. We exposed young and old dominant males (in the final ontogenetic stage, called "robustus") to a female in the absence and presence of a predator. As predicted, older robustus males modified their mating behavior when exposed to a predator. However, in contrast to the prediction, they delayed female seizure under predation risk, possibly to carefully assess the actual threat before initiating female guarding. Once they had established the mate-guarding position, old robustus males did not interrupt it until the end of female spawning and, in the presence of predators, even guarded the female significantly longer than in predator-free treatments. In contrast, younger robustus males did not delay female seizure but abandoned the female repeatedly when a predator was present, suggesting that they perceived and responded to the predation risk. Our results suggest that older robustus males have the experience to assess threats before engaging in risky behaviors that bolster their reproductive success. Although consistent with the theory that low RRV individuals should accept greater reproductive risk, we suggest that old individuals do not recklessly engage in risky behaviors but rather cautiously evaluate the threats before investing in a potentially terminal reproductive event. [Ory, Nicolas Christian; van Son, Thijs Christiaan; Thiel, Martin] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Coquimbo, Chile; [Ory, Nicolas Christian; Thiel, Martin] Millennium Nucleus Ecol & Sustainable Management, Coquimbo, Chile; [van Son, Thijs Christiaan] Geol Survey Norway, Marine Geol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Thiel, Martin] Ctr Estudios Avanzados Zonas Aridas, Coquimbo, Chile Ory, NC (reprint author), Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. nory@ucn.cl State Educational Loan Fund of Norway; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Technologico (FONDECYT) of the Chilean Ministry of Education [3150636]; Chilean Millennium Initiative grant [NC120030] TCvS was supported by a grant from the State Educational Loan Fund of Norway. NCO was supported by a grant from the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Technologico (FONDECYT, post-octoral project 3150636) of the Chilean Ministry of Education. This work was also supported by the Chilean Millennium Initiative (NC120030) grant. 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Establishing conservation baselines with dynamic distribution models for bat populations facing imminent decline DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS English Article Bayesian hierarchical model; Chiroptera; keystone structures; life history; spatio-temporal variation; species distribution modelling; species-energy theory; trend; turnover WIND ENERGY FACILITIES; WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; LONG-LEGGED MYOTIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; UNITED-STATES; DAY ROOSTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCCUPANCY MODELS; EXTINCTION RISK; CENTRAL OREGON Aim Bat mortality rates from white-nose syndrome and wind power development are unprecedented. Cryptic and wide-ranging behaviours of bats make them difficult to survey, and population estimation is often intractable. We advance a model-based framework for making spatially explicit predictions about summertime distributions of bats from capture and acoustic surveys. Motivated by species-energy and life-history theory, our models describe hypotheses about spatio-temporal variation in bat distributions along environmental gradients and life-history attributes, providing a statistical basis for conservation decision-making. Location Oregon and Washington, USA. Methods We developed Bayesian hierarchical models for 14 bat species from an 8-year monitoring dataset across a similar to 430,000km(2) study area. Models accounted for imperfect detection and were temporally dynamic. We mapped predicted occurrence probabilities and prediction uncertainties as baselines for assessing future declines. Results Forest cover, snag abundance and cliffs were important predictors for most species. Species occurrence patterns varied along elevation and precipitation gradients, suggesting a potential hump-shaped diversity-productivity relationship. Annual turnover in occurrence was generally low, and occurrence probabilities were stable among most species. We found modest evidence that turnover covaried with the relative riskiness of bat roosting and migration. The fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes), canyon bat (Parastrellus hesperus) and pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) were rare; fringed myotis occurrence probabilities declined over the study period. We simulated anticipated declines to demonstrate that mapped occurrence probabilities, updated over time, provide an intuitive way to assess bat conservation status for a broad audience. Main conclusions Landscape keystone structures associated with roosting habitat emerged as regionally important predictors of bat distributions. The challenges of bat monitoring have constrained previous species distribution modelling efforts to temporally static presence-only approaches. Our approach extends to broader spatial and temporal scales than has been possible in the past for bats, making a substantial increase in capacity for bat conservation. [Rodhouse, Thomas J.] Upper Columbia Basin Network, Natl Pk Serv, Bend, OR 97701 USA; [Ormsbee, Patricia C.] US Forest Serv, Bur Land Management Reg, Springfield, OR 97477 USA; [Irvine, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA; [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; [Szewczak, Joseph M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA; [Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA Rodhouse, TJ (reprint author), Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory & Monitori, Natl Pk Serv, 63095 Deschutes Market Rd, Bend, OR 97701 USA. tom_rodhouse@nps.gov Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 Rodhouse, Thomas/0000-0001-5953-9113 U.S. Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; Department of Defense Legacy Program; National Park Service Funding for the Bat Grid was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Department of Defense Legacy Program. The National Park Service provided additional funding and support. We thank the contributors to the Bat Grid. L. Cousineau provided data management support. J. Hobson provided GIS support. J. Sauer provided helpful comments during preparation of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 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Distrib. DEC 2015 21 12 1401 1413 10.1111/ddi.12372 13 Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology CV5TM WOS:000364334100004 Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Tarkan, AS; Vilizzi, L Tarkan, Ali Serhan; Vilizzi, Lorenzo Patterns, latitudinal clines and countergradient variation in the growth of roach Rutilus rutilus (Cyprinidae) in its Eurasian area of distribution REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES English Review Growth index; von Bertalanffy growth function; Latitudinal clines; Countergradient growth variation; Koppen-Geiger; Piecewise regression; Mixed effects models LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; FRESH-WATER FISH; GEIGER CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; LEUCISCUS-LEUCISCUS L; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; OPTIMAL ALLOCATION; SIZE STRUCTURE; WORLD MAP; LAKE The roach Rutilus rutilus is a eurythermal generalist that has been translocated and introduced mainly beyond the southern limits of its native Eurasian range of distribution. Although largely studied in most aspects of its ecology, no global assessment is available on its growth. Such information is critical for management purposes, especially in view of further dispersal of this 'potential pest' and climate change predictions. To address this knowledge gap, a meta-analysis was carried out of the age and growth of 301 roach populations from 231 water bodies across the species' native and translocated/introduced Eurasian range of distribution with the aim to identify habitat and climate-related differences in growth patterns, latitudinal clines, and the possible presence of countergradient growth variation (CGV). Faster growth rates were identified under warm relative to temperate and cold climates, and these were related to optimised resource allocation. Latitudinal clines indicated decreasing trends with increasing latitude in growth and body size, in line with life-history theory. However, the presence of thresholds encompassing the previously-reported 50A degrees N latitude value suggested a 'plateau' or decrease in growth at lower latitudes, and CGV was identified for 1+ to 10+ fish. It is argued that increased water temperatures are likely to cause a northern shift in the observed thresholds and a 'homogenisation' of the species' population dynamics resulting in faster growth rates, but with more pronounced effects in continental Eurasia. [Tarkan, Ali Serhan; Vilizzi, Lorenzo] Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Fac Fisheries, TR-48000 Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey Vilizzi, L (reprint author), Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ, Fac Fisheries, TR-48000 Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey. lorenzo.vilizzi@gmail.com Vilizzi, Lorenzo/0000-0001-8103-885X Scientific AMP; Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); Department of Science Fellowships AMP; Grant Programs (BIDEB) We are grateful to Borek Drozd (University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic), Gordon H. 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Fish. Biol. Fish. DEC 2015 25 4 587 602 10.1007/s11160-015-9398-6 16 Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology CV8YU WOS:000364575100001 2018-11-12 J O'Rourke, CF; Renn, SCP O'Rourke, Cynthia F.; Renn, Suzy C. P. Integrating adaptive trade-offs between parental care and feeding regulation CURRENT OPINION IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES English Review Animals respond to external and internal stimuli to decide which behaviors to produce. Only by addressing the mechanistic relationships between the regulation of different behaviors, and by doing so in an ecological context, will we fully understand the decision process. For example, regulatory mechanisms for feeding behavior and those for parental care behavior are studied largely in isolation, though these behaviors are inextricably linked. Understanding this fundamental behavioral trade-off between investment in current and future reproductive output requires an integrative approach. We identify direct cross-talk mechanisms in neuropeptide signaling pathways that regulate both behaviors and indirect cross-talk mechanisms as factors that impinge on crucial neuropeptides. Furthermore, external cross-talk exists through behavioral feedback. A deliberately integrative approach is necessary to understand behavioral decisions that are fundamental to predictions of life history theory. [O'Rourke, Cynthia F.; Renn, Suzy C. P.] Reed Coll, Dept Biol, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR 97202 USA Renn, SCP (reprint author), Reed Coll, Dept Biol, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR 97202 USA. orourcy@reed.edu National Science Foundation [0818957] This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (# 0818957) to SCPR. We are grateful to Rose Driscoll for editing and suggestions. 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Opin. Behav. Sci. DEC 2015 6 160 167 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.010 8 Behavioral Sciences Behavioral Sciences V3O8R WOS:000218452000025 Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Anderson, KG Anderson, Kermyt G. Father Absence, Childhood Stress, and Reproductive Maturation in South Africa HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Menarche; Pregnancy; Father absence; First sex; South Africa 1ST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; FAMILY ENVIRONMENT; SCHOOL ENROLLMENT; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; GENETIC FATHERS; ALBUQUERQUE MEN; MENARCHEAL AGE The hypothesis that father absence during childhood, as well as other forms of childhood psychosocial stress, might influence the timing of sexual maturity and adult reproductive behaviors has been the focus of considerable research. However, the majority of studies that have examined this prediction have used samples of women of European descent living in industrialized, low-fertility nations. This paper tests the father-absence hypothesis using the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS), which samples young adults in Cape Town, South Africa. The sample contains multiple racial groups (blacks, coloureds [mixed race], and whites) and includes both males and females. Dependent variables include age at menarche, age at first sexual intercourse, and age at first pregnancy. Childhood stress is measured by father absence by age six (either never lived with father or lived with father some but not all years) and an index of childhood exposure to violence (measuring threatened or actual verbal or physical abuse). The hypothesis received no support for effect on age at menarche but was supported for age at first sex and first pregnancy. The model showed stronger support for coloureds and whites than blacks and had no predictive power at all for black males. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA Anderson, KG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. kganders@ou.edu US National Institute for Child Health and Human Development; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Institute on Aging; NICHD through University of Michigan I thank Ann M. Beutel, Paula Sheppard, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the paper. The Cape Area Panel Study Waves 1-2-3 were collected between 2002 and 2005 by the University of Cape Town and the University of Michigan, with funding provided by the US National Institute for Child Health and Human Development and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Wave 4 was collected in 2006 by the University of Cape Town, University of Michigan and Princeton University. Major funding for wave 4 was provided by the National Institute on Aging through a grant to Princeton University, in addition to funding provided by NICHD through the University of Michigan. 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Nat.-Interdiscip. Biosoc. Perspect. DEC 2015 26 4 401 425 10.1007/s12110-015-9243-6 25 Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences CV0NU WOS:000363948300004 26471378 2018-11-12 J Lodjak, J; Magi, M; Rooni, U; Tilgar, V Lodjak, Jaanis; Maegi, Marko; Rooni, Uku; Tilgar, Vallo Context-dependent effects of feather corticosterone on growth rate and fledging success of wild passerine nestlings in heterogeneous habitat OECOLOGIA English Article Glucocorticoids; Great tit; Hormone; Phenotypic plasticity; Stress TITS PARUS-MAJOR; GREAT TITS; BROOD SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; SIBLING COMPETITION; BEGGING BEHAVIOR; PIED FLYCATCHERS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; IMMUNE FUNCTION Life history theory seeks answers to questions about how suites of traits, like growth rate, body mass and survival, have coevolved to maximize the fitness of individuals. In stochastic environments, individual fitness may be closely linked to environmental conditions experienced early in life. When conditions deteriorate, animals have to adapt physiologically to avoid detrimental effects to growth and survival. Hormones such as glucocorticoids are potentially important mediators of developmental plasticity, although their function is quite poorly understood in free-living animals to date. In this study, we used brood-size manipulation in wild great tits (Parus major) to see whether resource (e.g. food) availability can change feather corticosterone levels, somatic growth and fledging success in nestlings raised in habitats of different quality. Recent studies suggest that feather corticosterone offers a long-term hormonal measure for the main avian glucocorticoid by integrating the plasma levels of corticosterone over the whole nestling period. We showed that feather corticosterone, growth rate and fledging success were significantly affected by the treatment only in coniferous forests where growth conditions had a tendency to be poorer than in deciduous forests. We also found that feather corticosterone was negatively related to fledging success, and this effect was more pronounced in coniferous habitat. Our results suggest that feather corticosterone could offer an important physiological measure for nestling performance, mediated by a context-dependent developmental trade-off between immediate and future survival. [Lodjak, Jaanis; Maegi, Marko; Rooni, Uku; Tilgar, Vallo] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia Lodjak, J (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, 46 Vanemuise St, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. jaanis.lodjak@ut.ee Lodjak, Jaanis/0000-0001-8089-948X; Magi, Marko/0000-0003-0736-5638 Estonian Science Foundation [8985]; Estonian Research Council [653]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [0180004s09, 34-8]; European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence FIBIR) We thank Grete Alt, Marianne Lind and Kadri Moks for help with fieldwork. We also thank anonymous referees for valuable suggestions. The present study was financially supported by the Estonian Science Foundation (grant no. 8985 to Marko Magi), the Estonian Research Council (grant PUT no. 653 of Elin Sild), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (target-financing project no. 0180004s09, institutional research funding IUT no. 34-8) and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence FIBIR). The study complies with the current laws of Estonia, and was approved by the Animal Procedures Committee (licence nos. 100 and 108) from the Estonian Ministry of Agriculture. 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The oxidative costs of reproduction are group-size dependent in a wild cooperative breeder PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article oxidative stress; offspring care; antioxidants; cooperative breeding; costs of reproduction; life-history trade-offs BROWED SPARROW WEAVER; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; PHYSIOLOGICAL COSTS; PLOCEPASSER-MAHALI; STRESS; SURVIVAL; EVOLUTION; FECUNDITY; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS Life-history theory assumes that reproduction entails a cost, and research on cooperatively breeding societies suggests that the cooperative sharing of workloads can reduce this cost. However, the physiological mechanisms that underpin both the costs of reproduction and the benefits of cooperation remain poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that reproductive costs may arise in part from oxidative stress, as reproductive investment may elevate exposure to reactive oxygen species, compromising survival and future reproduction and accelerating senescence. However, experimental evidence of oxidative costs of reproduction in the wild remains scarce. Here, we use a clutch-removal experiment to investigate the oxidative costs of reproduction in a wild cooperatively breeding bird, the white-browed sparrow weaver, Plocepasser mahali. Our results reveal costs of reproduction that are dependent on group size: relative to individuals in groups whose eggs were experimentally removed, individuals in groups that raised offspring experienced an associated cost (elevated oxidative damage and reduced body mass), but only if they were in small groups containing fewer or no helpers. Furthermore, during nestling provisioning, individuals that provisioned at higher rates showed greater within-individual declines in body mass and antioxidant protection. Our results provide rare experimental evidence that reproduction can negatively impact both oxidative status and body mass in the wild, and suggest that these costs can be mitigated in cooperative societies by the presence of additional helpers. These findings have implications for our understanding of the energetic and oxidative costs of reproduction, and the benefits of cooperation in animal societies. [Cram, Dominic L.; Blount, Jonathan D.; Young, Andrew J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England Cram, DL (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn Campus, Exeter TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England. dom.cram@gmail.com; a.j.young@exeter.ac.uk Cram, Dominic/0000-0002-8790-8294 BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship; Royal Society; NERC; Royal Society University Research Fellowship This study was funded by a BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship and a Royal Society Research Grant to A.J.Y. and an NERC studentship to D.L.C. J.D.B. was supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. NOV 22 2015 282 1819 20152031 10.1098/rspb.2015.2031 9 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DA1NM WOS:000367562500019 26582023 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Pettersen, AK; White, CR; Marshall, DJ Pettersen, Amanda K.; White, Craig R.; Marshall, Dustin J. Why does offspring size affect performance? Integrating metabolic scaling with life-history theory PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article egg size; allometry; maternal effect MARINE INVERTEBRATE; EGG SIZE; BODY-SIZE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; 3/4-POWER LAW; LARVAL FISHES; ANIMALS; SELECTION Within species, larger offspring typically outperform smaller offspring. While the relationship between offspring size and performance is ubiquitous, the cause of this relationship remains elusive. By linking metabolic and life-history theory, we provide a general explanation for why larger offspring perform better than smaller offspring. Using high-throughput respirometry arrays, we link metabolic rate to offspring size in two species of marine bryozoan. We found that metabolism scales allometrically with offspring size in both species: while larger offspring use absolutely more energy than smaller offspring, larger offspring use proportionally less of their maternally derived energy throughout the dependent, non-feeding phase. The increased metabolic efficiency of larger offspring while dependent on maternal investment may explain offspring size effects larger offspring reach nutritional independence (feed for themselves) with a higher proportion of energy relative to structure than smaller offspring. These findings offer a potentially universal explanation for why larger offspring tend to perform better than smaller offspring but studies on other taxa are needed. [Pettersen, Amanda K.; Marshall, Dustin J.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia; [White, Craig R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia Pettersen, AK (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. amanda.pettersen@monash.edu White, Craig/F-9062-2010; Pettersen, Amanda/O-7554-2017; Marshall, Dustin/C-3450-2016 White, Craig/0000-0002-0200-2187; Pettersen, Amanda/0000-0001-6191-6563; Australian Postgraduate Award; Australian Research Council This research was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award (A.K.P.) and grants from the Australian Research Council (D.J.M. and C.R.W.). 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NOV 22 2015 282 1819 20151946 10.1098/rspb.2015.1946 9 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology DA1NM WOS:000367562500025 26559952 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Baumard, N; Chevallier, C Baumard, Nicolas; Chevallier, Coralie The nature and dynamics of world religions: a life-history approach PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Review life history theory; psychosocial acceleration theory; religion; cooperation REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; SELF-CONTROL; EVOLUTION; MATERIALISM; PERSONALITY; ASSOCIATIONS; RISK; ENVIRONMENTS In contrast with tribal and archaic religions, world religions are characterized by a unique emphasis on extended prosociality, restricted sociosexuality, delayed gratification and the belief that these specific behaviours are sanctioned by some kind of supernatural justice. Here, we draw on recent advances in life history theory to explain this pattern of seemingly unrelated features. Life history theory examines how organisms adaptively allocate resources in the face of trade-offs between different life-goals (e.g. growth versus reproduction, exploitation versus exploration). In particular, recent studies have shown that individuals, including humans, adjust their life strategy to the environment through phenotypic plasticity: in a harsh environment, organisms tend to adopt a 'fast' strategy, pursuing smaller but more certain benefits, while in more affluent environments, organisms tend to develop a 'slow' strategy, aiming for larger but less certain benefits. Reviewing a range of recent research, we show that world religions are associated with a form of 'slow' strategy. This framework explains both the promotion of 'slow' behaviours such as altruism, self-regulation and monogamy in modern world religions, and the condemnation of 'fast' behaviours such as selfishness, conspicuous sexuality and materialism. This ecological approach also explains the diffusion pattern of world religions: why they emerged late in human history (500-300 BCE), why they are currently in decline in the most affluent societies and why they persist in some places despite this overall decline. [Baumard, Nicolas] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Inst Jean Nicod, UMR 8129, F-75231 Paris, France; [Chevallier, Coralie] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Etudes Cognit, INSERM U960, Lab Neurosci Cognit, F-75231 Paris, France Baumard, N (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Inst Jean Nicod, UMR 8129, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris, France. nbaumard@gmail.com Chevallier, Coralie/L-3120-2017 Chevallier, Coralie/0000-0002-7358-4962 [ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC]; [ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*] This study is funded by ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*. 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R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. NOV 7 2015 282 1818 20151593 10.1098/rspb.2015.1593 9 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology CW2VC WOS:000364850200008 26511055 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Stephenson, JF; van Oosterhout, C; Cable, J Stephenson, J. F.; van Oosterhout, C.; Cable, J. Pace of life, predators and parasites: predator-induced life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies predicts decrease in parasite tolerance BIOLOGY LETTERS English Article scaled mass index; pace of life hypothesis; parasite tolerance; enemy ecology; trait-mediated indirect effects POECILIA-RETICULATA; IMMUNE DEFENSE; INFECTION; POPULATIONS A common evolutionary response to predation pressure is increased investment in reproduction, ultimately resulting in a fast life history. Theory and comparative studies suggest that short-lived organisms invest less in defence against parasites than those that are longer lived (the pace of life hypothesis). Combining these tenets of evolutionary theory leads to the specific, untested prediction that within species, populations experiencing higher predation pressure invest less in defence against parasites. The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, presents an excellent opportunity to test this prediction: guppy populations in lower courses of rivers experience higher predation pressure, and as a consequence have evolved faster life histories, than those in upper courses. Data from a large-scale field survey showed that fish infected with Gyrodactylus parasites were of a lower body condition (quantified using the scaled mass index) than uninfected fish, but only in lower course populations. Although the evidence we present is correlational, it suggests that upper course guppies sustain lower fitness costs of infection, i.e. are more tolerant, than lower course guppies. The data are therefore consistent with the pace of life hypothesis of parasite defence allocation, and suggest that life-history traits mediate the indirect effect of predators on the parasites of their prey. [Stephenson, J. F.; Cable, J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales; [van Oosterhout, C.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England Stephenson, JF (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. jfrstephenson@gmail.com Cable, Joanne/A-4360-2010 Cable, Joanne/0000-0002-8510-7055; Stephenson, Jessica/0000-0001-8939-5149; van Oosterhout, Cock/0000-0002-5653-738X Fisheries Society of the British Isles; Natural Environment Research Council, UK [NER/J/S/2002/00706]; ELSA, the Earth and Life Systems Alliance This work was funded by the Fisheries Society of the British Isles (PhD studentship to J.F.S.) the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (advanced fellowship to J.C.; NER/J/S/2002/00706) and ELSA, the Earth and Life Systems Alliance (C.v.O.). 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Lett. NOV 1 2015 11 11 20150806 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0806 4 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology CW2VJ WOS:000364850900015 26538541 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Richardson, EN; Potter, L Jonason, Peter K.; Richardson, Emma N.; Potter, Leith Self-Reported Creative Ability and the Dark Triad Traits: An Exploratory Study PSYCHOLOGY OF AESTHETICS CREATIVITY AND THE ARTS English Article Dark Triad; personality; creativity; sex differences TERM MATING STRATEGY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; DIVERGENT THINKING; MALEVOLENT CREATIVITY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; DIRTY DOZEN; NARCISSISM; ACHIEVEMENT Attention has recently been drawn to the dark side of creativity. We provided an exploratory study (N = 226) of how the Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) correlated with two measures of creativity (i.e., Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale and Creative Achievement Questionnaire). Those high in narcissism reported being more creative than most people, an association that may reflect narcissistic self-delusions of popularity and charm. We found self-reported success in humor was correlated with narcissism and psychopathy scores. Those high in psychopathy also reported better mechanical and lower scholarly skills than most, which may relate to their vocational interest in practical/realistic work. Machiavellianism accounted for little variance in creativity. Individual differences in the Dark Triad traits mediated sex differences in various aspects of creativity, suggesting sex differences in some aspects of creativity may be partially confounded by sex differences in the Dark Triad traits. 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A, 1994, PROBLEM FINDING PROB; Silvia PJ, 2012, PSYCHOL AESTHET CREA, V6, P19, DOI 10.1037/a0024071; STEPTOE Andrew, 1998, GENIUS MIND STUDIES; Veselka L, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P772, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.017; Walczyk JJ, 2008, CREATIVITY RES J, V20, P328, DOI 10.1080/10400410802355152 65 6 6 4 43 EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC WASHINGTON 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA 1931-3896 1931-390X PSYCHOL AESTHET CREA Psychol. Aesthet. Creat. Arts. NOV 2015 9 4 488 494 10.1037/aca0000037 7 Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Psychology CV9DQ WOS:000364588000016 2018-11-12 J Krause, JS; Meddle, SL; Wingfield, JC Krause, Jesse S.; Meddle, Simone L.; Wingfield, John C. The Effects of Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Prolactin and Corticosterone across Life-History Stages in a Short-Lived Bird: Gambel's White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY English Article hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA); stress; parental investment; life-history theory; brood value REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; OLDER PARENTS; RING DOVES; MODULATION; POPULATIONS; HORMONE; AGE; ALLOSTASIS The general reproductive effort model attempts to predict the resources that will be allocated to a current reproductive bout or to future survival by aborting the current reproductive attempt. Life-history theory predicts that short-lived species should devote more resources toward a reproductive event because brood value is far greater compared with that of long-lived species that have multiple breeding opportunities. Previous bird studies have used patterns of hormone secretion to understand the regulation of parental investment in response to environmental challenges, such as stress. The two key hormones investigated have been prolactin, which promotes parental investment, and corticosterone, which can reduce parental investment. Research on long-lived seabirds showed that prolactin levels decrease in response to a stressor, but the magnitude of the decline was positively correlated with future reproductive potential. However, little is known about the role of prolactin in short-lived species. Here we present prolactin and corticosterone data from a short-lived Arctic breeding, migratory songbird-the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii-at multiple stages of the breeding and nonbreeding seasons following standardized acute restraint stress. These data show that both prolactin and corticosterone are modulated seasonally. Corticosterone levels increased significantly in response to acute restraint stress during the breeding season in both sexes, but prolactin levels did not change in response to acute restraint stress at any stage of the annual cycle. We found no relationship between corticosterone or prolactin at either baseline or peak induced levels during any stage of breeding. [Krause, Jesse S.; Wingfield, John C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Meddle, Simone L.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Roslin Inst, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland Krause, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. jskrause@ucdavis.edu Krause, Jesse/0000-0001-8678-4309 National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Office of Polar Programs [ARC 0909133]; Integrative Organismal Systems [IOS 0920791]; Roslin Institute strategic grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/D/20251969] We would like to thank Jake Schas, Karen R. Word, Shannan K. Sweet, and Jonathan II. Perez for sample collections in the field and Valerie Bishop and Lisa Quach for assistance in the laboratory. We thank Marilyn Ramenofsky and Tom P. Hahn for insightful feedback on the manuscript. We are immensely grateful for the insightful and critical feedback from the reviewers. We are grateful for the logistics support at Toolik Lake Research Station run by the University of Alaska Fairbanks and supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This work was supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (ARC 0909133 to J.C.W.) and Integrative Organismal Systems (IOS 0920791 to Marilyn Ramenofsky). S.L.M. acknowledges Roslin Institute strategic grant funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. 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Biochem. Zool. NOV-DEC 2015 88 6 589 598 10.1086/683321 10 Physiology; Zoology Physiology; Zoology CU7CR WOS:000363693900001 26658407 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Lind, CM; Beaupre, SJ Lind, Craig M.; Beaupre, Steven J. Male Snakes Allocate Time and Energy according to Individual Energetic Status: Body Condition, Steroid Hormones, and Reproductive Behavior in Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY English Article allocation; body condition; corticostel me; life history; trade-off; reptile; mate search; reproductive effort; testosterone LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; MATING SEASON; STRESS; CORTICOSTERONE; PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION; LIZARD; CONSTRAINTS Life-history theory predicts that organisms will hedge current reproductive investment against potential costs in terms of survivorship and future fecundity. However, little is known regarding the endocrine mechanisms underlying bet-hedging strategies in free-ranging male vertebrates. We examined the relationships among individual energetic status, steroid hormones, mate search, and reproductive behavior in free-ranging male timber rattlesnakes. Snakes were monitored over four active seasons in order to test two hypotheses: (1) males adjust the amount of time and energy allocated toward reproduction according to the level of individual energy stores, and (2) observed condition-dependent reproductive allocation is associated with circulating concentrations of steroid hormones (testosterone and corticosterone) thought to regulate reproductive behaviors in vertebrates. A positive relationship between body condition and testosterone was observed in both the field and the laboratory. Male mate search effort was positively correlated with both body condition and testosterone. Body condition and testosterone concentrations were negatively related to time allocated toward foraging during the breeding season. A strong effect of year was observed in the analysis of testosterone and search effort, suggesting that multiple environmental factors impact hormone production and reproductive investment. Corticosterone was not related to any measured variable. Therefore, our results did not indicate a clear role of corticosterone in mediating observed relationships between energetic status and behavior. Observed relationships are consistent with the hypothesis that males allocate time and energy toward reproduction according to individual energetic status and that testosterone plays a role in mediating the trade-off between current reproductive investment and residual reproductive value [Lind, Craig M.; Beaupre, Steven J.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Lind, Craig M.] Stetson Univ, Deland, FL 32723 USA Lind, CM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. clind@stetson.edu University of Arkansas Research Incentive Fund; Arkansas Science and Technology Authority [97-B-06]; National Science Foundation [IBN-9728470, IBN-0130633, IBN-0641117] The research was conducted with the approval of the University of Arkansas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocols 08008, 11007, and 12031), Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (collecting permits 30221)104, 22720121, and 30520132), and Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission (collecting permits S-NHCC-11-008, S-NHCC-12-004, and S-NHCC-13-006). We would like to thank Abby Sinclair, Alex Baecher, Kakki Keller, Christopher Peterson, Bannon Gallaher, and Joseph Kordsmeier for their assistance in the field. We also thank Dr. J. D. Willson for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Dr. David Kreider kindly provided the equipment and technical advice necessary for radioimmuno assays. We thank the Ozark Natural Science Center, the AN kansas Natural Heritage Commission, and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission for allowing this work to be conducted on their property. Work was supported by funds from the University of Arkansas Research Incentive Fund, the Arkansas Science and Technology Authority (grant 97-B-06), and the National Science Foundation (IBN-9728470, IBN-0130633, IBN-0641117). 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Biochem. Zool. NOV-DEC 2015 88 6 624 633 10.1086/683058 10 Physiology; Zoology Physiology; Zoology CU7CR WOS:000363693900004 26658410 2018-11-12 J Cayuela, H; Arsovski, D; Boitaud, S; Bonnaire, E; Boualit, L; Miaud, C; Joly, P; Besnard, A Cayuela, Hugo; Arsovski, Dragan; Boitaud, Sylvain; Bonnaire, Eric; Boualit, Laurent; Miaud, Claude; Joly, Pierre; Besnard, Aurelien Slow life history and rapid extreme flood: demographic mechanisms and their consequences on population viability in a threatened amphibian FRESHWATER BIOLOGY English Article amphibian; Bombina variegata; flood; life history; multi-event capture-recapture model CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; EVENTS; MODELS; FROG; METAMORPHOSIS; PERFORMANCE; MULTIEVENT 1.In the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in both the frequency and magnitude of violent flooding events has been reported due to climate change. According to life history theory, one might postulate that in slow' species: (i) environmental canalisation may act as a selective force that minimises to some extent adult survival variations caused by catastrophic flood and (ii) extreme flooding events would cause important variations in recruitment and young survival. Hence, it may be hypothesised that (iii) the population growth rate of slow' species might be relatively insensitive to changes in the frequency of extreme climatic events if adult survival remains largely unaffected. 2.In this study, we investigated how extreme rainfall events resulting in severe flood impact population dynamics of a long-lived endangered amphibian, the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata: Bombinatoridae). To address this issue, we used capture-recapture (CR) data collected on two populations (768 and 1154 individuals identified) in southern France and developed multi-event CR models. 3.Our results indicated that extreme flooding did not cause any variation in sub-adult or adult survival, whereas recruitment and juvenile survival were negatively impacted. Furthermore, our simulations indicated that the population growth rate was only marginally sensitive to potential changes in the frequency of extreme flooding in the future. 4.Hence, we suggest that extreme flooding does not appear to be a proximal factor of extinction risk for this endangered amphibian species. [Cayuela, Hugo; Boitaud, Sylvain; Boualit, Laurent; Joly, Pierre] UMR 5023 LEHNA, Lab Ecol Hydrosyst Nat & Anthropises, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; [Cayuela, Hugo; Arsovski, Dragan; Miaud, Claude; Besnard, Aurelien] UMR 5175 CEFE, Lab Ecol & Biogeog Vertebres EPHE, Montpellier, France; [Bonnaire, Eric] Agence Verdun, Off Natl Forets, Verdun, France Cayuela, H (reprint author), UMR 5023 LEHNA, Lab Ecol Hydrosyst Nat & Anthropises, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France. hugo.cayuela@univ-lyon1.fr Arsovski, Dragan/0000-0003-1798-1864 Rhone-Alpes DREAL; Conseil General d'Ardeche; Agence de l'Eau Rhone-Alpes We would like to thank all the fieldworkers who helped with data collection. We are also grateful for the technical support provided by the Parc Naturel des Monts d'Ardeche. This research was funded by the Rhone-Alpes DREAL, the Conseil General d'Ardeche and the Agence de l'Eau Rhone-Alpes. 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NOV 2015 60 11 2349 2361 10.1111/fwb.12661 13 Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology CT4SA WOS:000362795900012 2018-11-12 J Birkas, B; Csatho, A Birkas, Bela; Csatho, Arpad Size the day: The time perspectives of the Dark Triad PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Dark Triad; Life history theory; Time perspectives; ZTPI FAST LIFE; MACHIAVELLIANISM; PERSONALITY; PSYCHOPATHY; ADOLESCENCE; NARCISSISM; STRATEGY; TRAITS Recent empirical findings on the Dark Triad and Life History Theory suggest that the behaviors linked to the Dark Triad are dominantly characterized by a fast life strategy with increased motivation to acquire short-term benefits and prioritize situations with immediate rewards. Current studies have also suggested that time perspectives could be one of the psychological mediators between actual behavior and life history strategies assuming that a present-oriented attitude is associated with fast life strategies. In line with this suggestion, we predicted to find associations between time perspectives and the Dark Triad traits. The prediction was investigated by self-reports. In accordance with the predictions, the results showed positive associations of the Dark Triad traits with the present-oriented time perspectives. In addition, unlike Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were found to be related to a negative view of the past. Our study provides the first evidence for significant associations between Dark Triad personality and time perspectives. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Birkas, Bela; Csatho, Arpad] Univ Pecs, Inst Behav Sci, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary Csatho, A (reprint author), Univ Pecs, Inst Behav Sci, Szigeti Str 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. arpad.csatho@aok.pte.hu Birkas, Bela/0000-0002-6380-7093 Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [101762] The present scientific contribution is dedicated to the 650th anniversary of the foundation of the University of Pecs, Hungary. The study was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Nr. 101762). 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NOV 2015 86 318 320 10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.035 3 Psychology, Social Psychology CP9ZS WOS:000360255000055 2018-11-12 J Marcinkowska, UM; Helle, S; Lyons, MT Marcinkowska, Urszula M.; Helle, Samuli; Lyons, Minna T. Dark traits: Sometimes hot, and sometimes not? Female preferences for Dark Triad faces depend on sociosexuality and contraceptive use PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Dark Triad; Facial morphs; Hormonal contraception; Sociosexuality; Mating context IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP HYPOTHESIS; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MATE CHOICE; MATING STRATEGY; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; MASCULINITY; ATTRACTIVENESS; PERSONALITY; HEALTH; WOMEN Although the Dark Triad personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has been researched widely, only few studies have investigated women's preferences for men who present high and low Dark Triad features. With an on-line two-alternative forced choice questionnaire we investigated the interaction between preferences of 1962 Finnish women for facial stimuli that differed in the intensity of the Dark Triad traits, accounting for mating context, contraceptive use, and sexual openness (sociosexuality). Among noncontraceptive-using women, unrestricted sociosexuality was positively correlated with preference for high narcissistic male faces, whereas in contraceptive-using women, sociosexuality correlated negatively with preference for high Machiavellian male faces. We suggest that i) facial cues to Dark Triad traits are detectable by women, but ii) their effect on the judgments of attractiveness may vary depending on sociosexuality and contraceptive use, and that iii) preference for narcissism follows similar variation trends as masculinity preference, depending on sociosexuality and the use of hormonal contraception. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Marcinkowska, Urszula M.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland; [Marcinkowska, Urszula M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Coll Med, PL-31531 Krakow, Poland; [Helle, Samuli] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland; [Lyons, Minna T.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Psychol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England Marcinkowska, UM (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Coll Med, 20 Grzegorzecka St, PL-31531 Krakow, Poland. ummarcinkowska@gmail.com Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine Special thanks to Markus J. Rantala for providing photographs for visual stimuli in the study. Funding for SH provided by the Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine. 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NOV 2015 86 369 373 10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.030 5 Psychology, Social Psychology CP9ZS WOS:000360255000065 2018-11-12 J Zhao, XY; Zhang, JY; Cao, J; Zhao, ZJ Zhao, Xiao-Ya; Zhang, Ji-Ying; Cao, Jing; Zhao, Zhi-Jun Oxidative Damage Does Not Occur in Striped Hamsters Raising Natural and Experimentally Increased Litter Size PLOS ONE English Article MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PROTEINS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; ENERGY BUDGET; CRICETULUS-BARABENSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; COLD-EXPOSURE; PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; BODY-COMPOSITION Life-history theory assumes that animals can balance the allocation of limited energy or resources to the competing demands of growth, reproduction and somatic maintenance, while consequently maximizing their fitness. However, somatic damage caused by oxidative stress in reproductive female animals is species-specific or is tissue dependent. In the present study, several markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and malona-dialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidant (catalase, CAT and total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) were examined in striped hamsters during different stages of reproduction with experimentally manipulated litter size. Energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle were also examined. H2O2 and MDA levels did not change in BAT and liver, although they significantly decreased in skeletal muscle in the lactating hamsters compared to the non-reproductive group. However, H2O2 levels in the brain were significantly higher in lactating hamsters than non-reproductive controls. Experimentally increasing litter size did not cause oxidative stress in BAT, liver and skeletal muscle, but significantly elevated H2O2 levels in the brain. CAT activity of liver decreased, but CAT and T-AOC activity of BAT, skeletal muscle and the brain did not change in lactating hamsters compared to non-reproductive controls. Both antioxidants did not change with the experimentally increasing litter size. RMR significantly increased, but BAT UCP1 mRNA expression decreased with the experimentally increased litter size, suggesting that it was against simple positive links between metabolic rate, UCP1 expression and free radicals levels. It may suggest that the cost of reproduction has negligible effect on oxidative stress or even attenuates oxidative stress in some active tissues in an extensive range of animal species. But the increasing reproductive effort may cause oxidative stress in the brain, indicating that oxidative stress in response to reproduction is tissue dependent. These findings provide partial support for the life-history theory. [Zhao, Xiao-Ya; Zhang, Ji-Ying; Cao, Jing; Zhao, Zhi-Jun] Wenzhou Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China Zhao, ZJ (reprint author), Wenzhou Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China. zhao73@foxmail.com Education Department of Zhejiang Province [pd2013374]; Zhejiang province college students science and technology innovation activities plan [2015R426031, 2015R426032]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31270458] 1. No. pd2013374, Education Department of Zhejiang Province, http://www.zjedu.gov.cn/default.html, to ZJZ, 2. 2015R426031, Zhejiang province college students science and technology innovation activities plan, http://shxy.wzu.edu.cn/ to XYZ, 3. 2015R426032, Zhejiang province college students science and technology innovation activities plan, http://shxy.wzu.edu.cn/, to JYZ, 4. 31270458, National Natural Science Foundation of China, http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/, to ZJZ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Live fast die young life history in females: evolutionary trade-off between early life mating and lifespan in female Drosophila melanogaster SCIENTIFIC REPORTS English Article ACCESSORY-GLAND PRODUCTS; SEXUAL SELECTION; ANTAGONISTIC PLEIOTROPY; CORRELATED RESPONSES; EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL; GENETIC BENEFITS; FRUIT-FLIES; SENESCENCE; REPRODUCTION; FITNESS The trade-off between survival and reproduction is fundamental to life history theory. Sexual selection is expected to favour a 'live fast die young' life history pattern in males due to increased risk of extrinsic mortality associated with obtaining mates. Sexual conflict may also drive a genetic trade-off between reproduction and lifespan in females. We found significant additive genetic variance in longevity independent of lifetime mating frequency, and in early life mating frequency. There was significant negative genetic covariance between these traits indicating that females from families characterized by high levels of multiple mating early in life die sooner than females that engage in less intense early life mating. Thus, despite heritable variation in both traits, their independent evolution is constrained by an evolutionary trade-off. Our findings indicate that, in addition to the well-known male-driven direct costs of mating on female lifespan (mediated by male harassment and harmful effects of seminal fluids), females with a genetic propensity to mate multiply live shorter lives. We discuss the potential role of sexual conflict in driving the evolutionary trade-off between reproduction and lifespan in Drosophila. More generally, our data show that, like males, females can exhibit a live fast die young life history strategy. [Travers, Laura M.; Garcia-Gonzalez, Francisco; Simmons, Leigh W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol M092, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; [Garcia-Gonzalez, Francisco] Spanish Res Council CSIC, Donana Biol Stn, Seville 41092, Spain Travers, LM (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol M092, Ctr Evolutionary Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. laura.travers@research.uwa.edu.au Garcia-Gonzalez, Francisco/A-3780-2008; Simmons, Leigh/B-1815-2011; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 Garcia-Gonzalez, Francisco/0000-0001-9515-9038; Simmons, Leigh/0000-0003-0562-1474; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 University of Western Australia; Australian Research Council [DP0985859, DP110104594]; Spanish Ministry of Economy (European Regional Development Fund) [CGL2012-34685]; Spanish Ministry of Economy [SEV-2012-0262] We are grateful to Cameron Duggin, Leanda Mason, Carly Wilson and Nadia Sloan for their assistance throughout this study. We thank Joe Tomkins and Andreas Sutter for assistance with statistical analyses. We thank Gemma Fitzpatrick and Stephen Robinson for the maintenance of fly lines. We are also grateful to Jason Kennington for providing wild type flies for the experiment. This study was funded by the University of Western Australia and grants from the Australian Research Council to FGG (DP0985859) and LWS (DP110104594), and a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy to FGG (CGL2012-34685, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund). FGG was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy through the Ramon y Cajal program and the Spanish Severo Ochoa Program (SEV-2012-0262). 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From a life-history theoretical perspective, it is likely that there are evolved mechanisms that serve to maximize fitness depending on context. One context that would be expected to result in short birth intervals, and lowered parental investment, is after a child with low expected fitness is born. Here, data drawn from a longitudinal British birth cohort study were used to test whether birth intervals were shorter following the birth of a child with a long-term health problem. Data on the timing of 4543 births were analysed using discrete-time event history analysis. The results were consistent with the hypothesis: birth intervals were shorter following the birth of a child diagnosed by a medical professional with a severe but non fatal medical condition. Covariates in the analysis were also significantly associated with birth interval length: births of twins or multiple births, and relationship break-up were associated with significantly longer birth intervals. 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OCT 1 2015 11 10 20150728 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0728 4 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology CW1TP WOS:000364774700017 26467852 Bronze, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Tate, AT; Graham, AL Tate, Ann T.; Graham, Andrea L. Dynamic Patterns of Parasitism and Immunity across Host Development Influence Optimal Strategies of Resource Allocation AMERICAN NATURALIST English Article pleiotropy; life-history evolution; ontogeny; immune maturation; developmental interference; resistance; tolerance LARVAL COMPETITIVE ABILITY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BODY-SIZE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; FUNGAL-INFECTION; INNATE IMMUNITY; RESISTANCE The integration of physiological mechanisms into life-history theory is an emerging frontier in our understanding of the constraints and drivers of life-history evolution. Dynamic patterns of antagonism between developmental and immunological pathways in juvenile insects illustrate the importance of mechanisms for determining life-history strategy optima in the face of trade-offs. For example, developmental interference occurs when developmental processes transiently take priority over resources or pathway architecture, preventing allocation to immunity or other traits. We designed a within-host model of infected larval development to explore the impact of developmental dynamics on optimal resource mobilization and allocation strategies as well as on larval resistance and tolerance phenotypes. The model incorporates mechanism-inspired functional forms of developmental interference with immunity against parasites that attack specific larval stages. We find that developmental interference generally increases optimal investment in constitutive immunity and decreases optimal resource mobilization rates, but the results are sensitive to the developmental stage at first infection. Moreover, developmental interference reduces resistance but generally increases tolerance of infection. We demonstrate the potential impact of these dynamics on empirical estimates of host susceptibility and discuss the general implications of incorporating realistic physiological mechanisms and developmental dynamics for life-history theory in insects and other organisms. [Tate, Ann T.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA; [Graham, Andrea L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Tate, AT (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. attate@uh.edu Graham, Andrea/A-8808-2010 Graham, Andrea/0000-0002-6580-2755; Tate, Ann/0000-0001-6601-0234 Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-67011-19893] We thank J. Murray for discussion and M. Duffy, E. Griffiths, Y. Michalakis, V. Rudolf, A. van Leeuwen, and anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. A.T.T. was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2012-67011-19893 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. 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The terminal investment hypothesis posits that a reduction in residual reproductive value (i.e. potential for future offspring) will result in increased investment in current reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus), when cued to their impending mortality, should increase their reproductive effort by altering the composition of their nuptial food gifts (i.e. spermatophylaxes) to increase their gustatory appeal to females. Using a repeated-measures design, we analysed the amino acid composition of spermatophylaxes derived from males both before and after injection of either a saline control or a solution of heat-killed bacteria. The latter, although nonpathogenic, represents an immune challenge that may signal an impending survival threat. One principal component explaining amino acid variation in spermatophylaxes, characterized by a high loading to histidine, was significantly lower in immune-challenged versus control males. The relevance of this difference for the gustatory appeal of gifts to females was assessed by mapping spermatophylax composition onto a fitness surface derived in an earlier study identifying the amino acid composition of spermatophylaxes preferred by females. We found that immune-challenged males maintained the level of attractiveness of their gifts post-treatment, whereas control males produced significantly less attractive gifts post-injection. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cues of a survival-threatening infection stimulate terminal investment in male decorated crickets with respect to the gustatory appeal of their nuptial food gifts. [Duffield, K. R.; Sadd, B. M.; Sakaluk, S. K.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Normal, IL 61790 USA; [Hunt, J.; Rapkin, J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn, Cornwall, England Duffield, KR (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Sect, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790 USA. krduffi@ilstu.edu Sadd, Ben/0000-0003-3136-5144 National Science Foundation; Beta Lambda Chapter of Phi Sigma; Graduate Student Association of Illinois State University; University Royal Society Fellowship; Royal Society Equipment Grant; Natural Environment Research Council [Feb-86] This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to S.K.S. and grants from the Beta Lambda Chapter of Phi Sigma and the Graduate Student Association of Illinois State University to K.R.D. J.H. was funded by a University Royal Society Fellowship and a Royal Society Equipment Grant. The warmest thanks to Colleen McGrath and Sarah Kluk for help with laboratory work and animal husbandry. Thanks also to three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. 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OCT 2015 28 10 1872 1881 10.1111/jeb.12703 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity CT6AI WOS:000362892300013 26201649 2018-11-12 J Kawamoto, T Kawamoto, Tetsuya Development of Japanese version of the long-term mating orientation scale (LTMO-J) JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH English Article long-term mating orientation; mating strategy; life history theory; test reliability; test validity INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIOSEXUALITY; STRATEGIES; PERSONALITY; ATTACHMENT; PERSPECTIVE; MODEL; SELF; SEX; AGE The purpose of this study was to validate the 7-item long-term mating orientation scale (LTMO) as translated into Japanese. Two samples of Japanese adults (N=2000; 50.0% male; Mage=40.9 for the first survey; N=300; 54.7% male; Mage=42.4 for the second survey) completed a web-based questionnaire, including the Japanese translation of the LTMO. The results showed that the psychometric properties of the Japanese LTMO scale were comparable to those of the original English version. The scale had adequate reliability based on Cronbach's and McDonald's . Convergent validity was demonstrated by the correlation between the LTMO scores and related variables: human life history strategies, short-term sociosexual orientation, attitude to infidelity, romantic attachment style, and so on. The translated scale provides a valid and reliable instrument in Japanese that measures human mating strategy. [Kawamoto, Tetsuya] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan; [Kawamoto, Tetsuya] Japan Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo, Japan Kawamoto, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Educ, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. tk5049@p.u-tokyo.ac.jp JSPS KAKENHI [26-12061] This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26-12061. 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Cognitive Adaptations to Stressful Environments: When Childhood Adversity Enhances Adult Executive Function JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history theory; stressful childhood environments; uncertainty; cognitive adaptations; executive function LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MALTREATED CHILDREN; CUMULATIVE STRESS; TASK; INHIBITION; ADOLESCENCE; EXPERIENCE; BEHAVIOR Can growing up in a stressful childhood environment enhance certain cognitive functions? Drawing participants from higher-income and lower-income backgrounds, we tested how adults who grew up in harsh or unpredictable environments fared on 2 types of executive function tasks: inhibition and shifting. People who experienced unpredictable childhoods performed worse at inhibition (overriding dominant responses), but performed better at shifting (efficiently switching between different tasks). This finding is consistent with the notion that shifting, but not inhibition, is especially useful in unpredictable environments. Importantly, differences in executive function between people who experienced unpredictable versus predictable childhoods emerged only when they were tested in uncertain contexts. This catalyst suggests that some individual differences related to early life experience are manifested under conditions of uncertainty in adulthood. Viewed as a whole, these findings indicate that adverse childhood environments do not universally impair mental functioning, but can actually enhance specific types of cognitive performance in the face of uncertainty. [Mittal, Chiraag; Griskevicius, Vladas] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Simpson, Jeffry A.; Sung, Sooyeon; Young, Ethan S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA Mittal, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Suite 3-150,321 19th Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. mitt0172@umn.edu Simpson, Jeff/0000-0003-1899-2493 National Science Foundation [1057482] This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number 1057482 awarded to Jeffry A. Simpson and Vladas Griskevicius. 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OCT 2015 109 4 604 621 10.1037/pspi0000028 18 Psychology, Social Psychology CS2FZ WOS:000361885400003 26414842 2018-11-12 J Hamalainen, A; Raharivololona, B; Ravoniarimbinina, P; Kraus, C Haemaelaeinen, Anni; Raharivololona, Brigitte; Ravoniarimbinina, Pascaline; Kraus, Cornelia Host sex and age influence endoparasite burdens in the gray mouse lemur FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY English Article Aging; Body mass; Helminth; Immunosenescence; Microcebus murinus; Parasite prevalence; Parasite species richness; Seasonality PRIMATE MICROCEBUS-MURINUS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PARASITIC INFECTION; LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS Introduction: Immunosenescence (deteriorating immune function at old age) affects humans and laboratory animals, but little is known about immunosenescence in natural populations despite its potential importance for population and disease dynamics and individual fitness. Although life histories and immune system profiles often differ between the sexes, sex-specific effects of aging on health are rarely studied in the wild. Life history theory predicts that due to their shorter lifespan and higher investment into reproduction at the expense of immune defences, males might experience accelerated immunosenescence. We tested this hypothesis by examining sex-specific age trajectories of endoparasite burden (helminth prevalence and morphotype richness measured via fecal egg counts), an indicator of overall health, in wild gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). To account for potential interactions between seasonality and host sex or age we examined the predictors of parasite burdens separately for the dry and rainy season. Results: Contrary to the prediction of immunosenescence, parasite prevalence and morphotype richness decreased at old age in the dry season, indicating acquired immunity by older animals. This pattern was primarily caused by within-individual decline in parasite loads rather than the earlier mortality of highly parasitized individuals. With the exception of an increasing cestode prevalence in males from yearlings to prime age in the rainy season, no evidence was found of male-biased ageing in parasite resistance. Besides this sex*age interaction, host age was uncorrelated with rainy season parasite loads. Seasonality did not affect the overall parasite loads but seasonal patterns were found in the predictors of parasite prevalence and morphotype richness. Conclusions: These results provide rare information about the age-related patterns of health in a wild vertebrate population and suggest improvement rather than senescence in the ability to resist helminth infections at old age. Overall, males appear not to suffer from earlier immunosenescence relative to females. This may partially reflect the earlier mortality of males, which can render senescence difficult to detect. While helminth infections are not strongly associated with survival in wild gray mouse lemurs, parasite load may, however, reflect overall good phenotypic quality of long-lived individuals, and is a potential correlate of fitness. [Haemaelaeinen, Anni; Kraus, Cornelia] Univ Gottingen, Dept Sociobiol Anthropol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany; [Haemaelaeinen, Anni; Kraus, Cornelia] German Primate Ctr, Behav Ecol & Sociobiol Unit, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany; [Raharivololona, Brigitte] Univ Antananarivo, Dept Paleontol & Biol Anthropol, Antananarivo, Madagascar; [Ravoniarimbinina, Pascaline] Inst Pasteur Madagascar Antananarivo, Helminthiasis Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar Hamalainen, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. anni.m.hamalainen@gmail.com Hamalainen, Anni/E-1890-2018; Hamalainen, Anni/L-9894-2018 Hamalainen, Anni/0000-0001-9260-8299; DFG [KR3834/1-1] The authors thank the technicians at the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar for analyzing the samples, Elise Huchard for helpful discussions, Josue Rakotoniaina, Eva Pechouskova and l'equipe Kirindy, especially Bruno Tsiverimana for help in capturing animals and collecting samples, Peter Kappeler for logistic support, Departement de Biologie Animale of the University of Antananarivo for their continued collaboration and Ministere de l'Environment et des Eaux et Forets, MINEEF, Direction des Eaux et Forets of Madagascar and CNFEREF Morondava for permitting research in Kirindy. Helpful comments from Simon Verhulst and two anonymous reviewers improved an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding for the data collection and parasite analyses was provided by the DFG (KR3834/1-1). 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Zool. OCT 1 2015 12 25 10.1186/s12983-015-0118-9 14 Zoology Zoology CS4TL WOS:000362068700002 26435728 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Gettler, LT; McDade, TW; Bragg, JM; Feranil, AB; Kuzawa, CW Gettler, Lee T.; McDade, Thomas W.; Bragg, Jared M.; Feranil, Alan B.; Kuzawa, Christopher W. Developmental energetics, sibling death, and parental instability as predictors of maturational tempo and life history scheduling in males from Cebu, Philippines AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY English Article life history theory; developmental plasticity; environmental risk; extrinsic mortality; paternal investment FATHER ABSENCE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; PUBERTAL MATURATION; GENUS HOMO; LONGITUDINAL TEST; BRITISH WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FAMILY; AGE ObjectivesCross-species comparisons show that high extrinsic mortality favors the evolution of faster life histories. There is interest in applying this principle to human life history plasticity, based on the idea that psychosocial stressors that correlate with extrinsic mortality accelerate reproductive pace. Most prior studies have been conducted in settings in which psychosocial stressors co-occur with the maturation-accelerating influence of nutritional abundance. Materials and MethodsWe evaluate cues of local mortality (sibling death) or low parental investment (paternal instability; maternal absence) and energetic measures during development as predictors of life history scheduling among males (n=754) in a Philippine population with marginal developmental nutritional. ResultsMales who had more favorable nutritional status during childhood, as reflected in linear growth, skinfold thickness, and caloric intake, were more maturationally advanced in adolescence (all P<0.05). Taller stature and higher caloric intake during childhood also predicted earlier ages at first sex (both P<0.01), which persisted after controlling for the effect of nutrition on pubertal maturation. While psychosocial stressors did not predict accelerated maturation, males who as children grew up with an unstable paternal presence had sex earlier (P<0.05) and tended to become fathers sooner than those with a stable fatherly presence. Those who had a sibling die became fathers sooner than those who did not (P<0.05). DiscussionOur findings point to important energetic constraints on the onset of reproductive maturity, while psychosocial stressors accelerate entry to parenthood, which may be comparatively more socially, rather than biologically, constrained. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:175-184, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [Gettler, Lee T.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [McDade, Thomas W.; Bragg, Jared M.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anthropol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [McDade, Thomas W.; Bragg, Jared M.; Kuzawa, Christopher W.] Northwestern Univ, Inst Policy Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Feranil, Alan B.] Univ San Carlos, Populat Studies Fdn, USC Off, Talamban Cebu City, Philippines; [Feranil, Alan B.] Univ San Carlos, Dept Anthropol Sociol & Hist, Coll Arts & Sci, Talamban Cebu City, Philippines Gettler, LT (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, 636 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. lgettler@nd.edu; kuzawa@northwestern.edu Wenner Gren Foundation [7356, 8186]; National Science Foundation [BCS-0542182, BCS-0962212] Grant sponsor: Wenner Gren Foundation; Grant numbers: 7356, 8186; Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Grant numbers: BCS-0542182, BCS-0962212. 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OCT 2015 158 2 175 184 10.1002/ajpa.22783 10 Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology CR2VM WOS:000361188800001 26239159 2018-11-12 J Capellini, I; Baker, J; Allen, WL; Street, SE; Venditti, C Capellini, Isabella; Baker, Joanna; Allen, William L.; Street, Sally E.; Venditti, Chris The role of life history traits in mammalian invasion success ECOLOGY LETTERS English Article Alien species; biological invasions; colonisation success; demography; invasion pathway; life history theory; mammals; phylogeny; propagule pressure; range expansion ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; AUSTRALIAN ACACIAS; EXOTIC BIRDS; INVASIVENESS; PATTERNS; SIZE; PSITTACIFORMES; PREDICTORS Why some organisms become invasive when introduced into novel regions while others fail to even establish is a fundamental question in ecology. Barriers to success are expected to filter species at each stage along the invasion pathway. No study to date, however, has investigated how species traits associate with success from introduction to spread at a large spatial scale in any group. Using the largest data set of mammalian introductions at the global scale and recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that human-mediated introductions considerably bias which species have the opportunity to become invasive, as highly productive mammals with longer reproductive lifespans are far more likely to be introduced. Subsequently, greater reproductive output and higher introduction effort are associated with success at both the establishment and spread stages. High productivity thus supports population growth and invasion success, with barriers at each invasion stage filtering species with progressively greater fecundity. [Capellini, Isabella; Baker, Joanna; Allen, William L.; Street, Sally E.] Univ Hull, Sch Biol Biomed & Environm Sci, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England; [Baker, Joanna; Venditti, Chris] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6BX, Berks, England Capellini, I (reprint author), Univ Hull, Sch Biol Biomed & Environm Sci, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. i.capellini@hull.ac.uk Capellini, Isabella/H-4813-2013 Capellini, Isabella/0000-0001-8065-2436; Allen, William/0000-0003-2654-0438 NERC [NE/K013777/ 1]; University of Hull; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K013777/1] We thank Mark Pagel, Jarrod Hadfield, Robert Freckleton, Robert Barton, Chris Organ, Stuart Humphries and three anonymous referees for helpful comments and advice. This work is financially supported by NERC (grant n. NE/K013777/ 1 to IC) and the University of Hull. 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Male brood provisioning rates provide evidence for inter-age competition for mates in female Cooper's Hawks Accipiter cooperii IBIS English Article Accipitriformes; delayed breeding; female mate competition; territory quality DELAYED PLUMAGE MATURATION; BREEDING PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; EUROPEAN SPARROWHAWKS; POPULATION; SEX; DENSITY; SIZE; EVOLUTION; FLOATERS Life history theory predicts that individuals should maximize lifetime reproductive success (LRS) by breeding as soon as they reach sexual maturity, yet many species delay breeding, either because there are insufficient available mates or breeding sites, or because delayed breeding yields higher LRS. Accipitriform species, such as Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii, exhibit both delayed breeding and delayed plumage maturation. However, in certain circumstances, first-year females in non-definitive plumage do breed and apparently compete with older females for high-quality breeding territories. We predicted that these young females are at a competitive disadvantage compared with older females and that older females would have both higher reproductive success and be able to acquire higher quality nesting territories. We conducted brood counts and measured prey delivery rates by male Cooper's Hawks in an expanding urban population located in Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA), to assess our prediction. We found that older females had higher reproductive success, fledging 1.6 more offspring than younger females, and that they occupied territories where males provisioned at higher rates of 0.37 more prey items per 2-h period. Our results showed that older females fared better than first-year females but it is unclear if this is the result of passive or active competition. Older females initiated nesting 14.3days sooner than first-year females and thus may have filled vacant, high-quality territories before first-year females began seeking mates. Additionally, first-year females were never observed persistently to confront older females for breeding territories, but they did actively compete against each other. First-year females may defer to older females who, in a direct competitive interaction, would be most likely to prevail. Thus, delayed plumage maturation in Cooper's Hawks may serve to focus competition for nesting territories within age classes. [Lien, Lauren A.; Roemer, Gary W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA; [Millsap, Brian A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA; [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA; [Madden, Kristin] New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA Millsap, BA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. brian_a_millsap@fws.gov Howard Hughes Medical Institute [52006932]; NMSU Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of the Science Advisor and Division of Migratory Bird Management We were aided in all aspects of this study by colleagues M. Brennan, D. Campbell and R. Murphy. J. Barr and J. Lidell assisted in the collection of productivity data. We appreciate comments on an earlier draft of this paper by T. Wright and two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this study was provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's 2010 Science Education Grant (52006932) to New Mexico State University (NMSU), by the NMSU Agricultural Experiment Station, and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of the Science Advisor and Division of Migratory Bird Management. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Barton K, 2014, PACKAGE MUMIN; Blas J, 2009, ECOGRAPHY, V32, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05700.x; Boal CW, 2001, CONDOR, V103, P381, DOI 10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0381:NMAPOA]2.0.CO;2; Brown L, 1968, EAGLES HAWKS FALCONS; Bruinzeel LW, 2004, BEHAV ECOL, V15, P290, DOI 10.1093/beheco/arh019; Burnham K. 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Here, we investigate whether trade-offs exist between maintenance and reproduction on two levels of biological organization, queens and colonies, by following single-queen colonies of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior throughout the entire lifespan of the queen. Our results show that maintenance and reproduction are positively correlated on the colony level, and we confirm results of an earlier study that found no trade-off on the individual (queen) level. We attribute this unexpected outcome to the existence of a positive feedback loop where investment into maintenance (workers) increases the rate of resource acquisition under laboratory conditions. Even though food was provided ad libitum, variation in productivity among the colonies suggests that resources can only be utilized and invested into additional maintenance and reproduction by the colony if enough workers are available. The resulting relationship between per-capita and colony productivity in our study fits well with other studies conducted in the field, where decreasing per-capita productivity and the leveling off of colony productivity have been linked to density dependent effects due to competition among colonies. This suggests that the absence of trade-offs in our laboratory study might also be prevalent under natural conditions, leading to a positive association of maintenance, (=growth) and reproduction. In this respect, insect colonies resemble indeterminate growing organisms. [Kramer, Boris H.; Scheuerlein, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, D-18055 Rostock, Germany; [Schrempf, Alexandra; Heinze, Juergen] Univ Regensburg, Zool Evolutionary Biol Lab, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany Kramer, BH (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Konrad Zuse Str 1, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. Kramer@demogr.mpg.de Brian A, 2013, CLASSIFICATION REGRE; Charnov E. L, 1993, SOME EXPLORATIONS SY; Crawley M. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Stevens MI, 2007, BMC EVOL BIOL, V7, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-7-153; Tsuji K, 1996, OIKOS, V76, P83, DOI 10.2307/3545750; VAN NOORDWIJK AJ, 1986, AM NAT, V128, P137, DOI 10.1086/284547; Vaupel JW, 2004, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V65, P339, DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2003.12.003; Wheeler William Morton, 1911, Journal of Morphology Philadelphia, V22, DOI 10.1002/jmor.1050220206; Wilson DS, 1997, AM NAT, V150, pS122, DOI 10.1086/286053; Wilson E., 1971, ANTS 50 15 15 1 31 PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE SAN FRANCISCO 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA 1932-6203 PLOS ONE PLoS One SEP 18 2015 10 9 e0137969 10.1371/journal.pone.0137969 13 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics CS0ZE WOS:000361790200046 26383861 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Shine, R Shine, Richard The evolution of oviparity in squamate reptiles: An adaptationist perspective JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION English Editorial Material MATERNAL MANIPULATION HYPOTHESIS; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; ANTARESIA-CHILDRENI; REPRODUCTIVE MODES; CLIMATE LIZARDS; VIVIPARITY; SNAKES; MORPHOLOGY Phylogenetically based analyses can suggest directions of evolutionary transitions, based on parsimony, but can never provide unambiguous answers. To clarify the relative frequency of phylogenetic shifts from oviparity to viviparity versus the reverse, we need additional sources of evidence. Adaptationist thinking (i.e., consideration of selective forces) has revealed a great deal about the transition from oviparity to viviparity, but has rarely been employed to consider the reverse transition. An evaluation of costs and benefits identifies major obstacles to the re-evolution of oviparity. For example, even a modest decrease in the degree of embryogenesis completed in utero (i.e., a shift from viviparity back toward normal oviparity) requires the mother to find a suitable nest-site (often, a risky endeavor), and a minor decrease in the duration of uterine retention of eggs may not substantially reduce maternal costs (because many of those costs are minimized by maternal behavioral adaptations to pregnancy). In many climates, a small decrease in the duration of uterine retention of eggs would not allow the female to produce a second clutch within the same season; and thus, would not reduce the fecundity disadvantage of viviparity. Life-history theory thus suggests an asymmetry in the fitness consequences of the intermediate stages between oviparity and viviparity. That asymmetry facilitates the forward transition (based on thermally driven benefits to offspring viability) but opposes the reverse transition (based on lower fitness of heavily burdened females that need to seek nest-sites). These factors should constrain the re-evolution of oviparity to specific conditions (e.g., where abundant nest-sites are available within a female's usual home range, rather than requiring extensive migration). J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 487-492, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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Exp. Zool. Part B SEP 15 2015 324 6 SI 487 492 10.1002/jez.b.22622 6 Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology CP5IJ WOS:000359914400003 26036339 2018-11-12 J Ellis, L; Hoskin, AW Ellis, Lee; Hoskin, Anthony W. The evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory of criminal behavior expanded AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR English Article ENA theory; Testosterone; Crime; Gangs; Terrorism; Criminal justice system ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR GENE; DIGIT RATIO 2D-4D; ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SEX-DETERMINING REGION; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; MENTAL ROTATION; RISK-TAKING; CAG REPEAT Evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory contends that males are more involved in crime than females due to an evolved female preference for mates who are (or at least appear to be) stable resource provisioners. To accommodate this female preference, the theory states that males have evolved genetic tendencies to produce a high level of testosterone and other androgens that enhance their competitiveness, often to the point of victimizing others. Adolescent expressions of competitive/victimizing behavior are often crude, thus frequently manifesting themselves in the form of behavior that others seek to suppress. By full adulthood, most individuals with highly androgenized brains will have transitioned from crude forms to refined forms of competitive/victimizing behavior, typically as part of their normal occupational and financial activities. The theory asserts that learning ability as well as opportunities to learn forms of competition that minimally victimize others, determine how fast individuals transition from crude to refined forms of competitiveness. In the present article, ENA theory is elaborated upon and used to explain three phenomena not previously addressed by the theory: (a) the rise of the criminal justice system, (b) the criminalization of victimless offenses, and (c) gang activities and terrorism. According to the theory, all of these phenomena have similar evolutionary and neurohormonal underpinnings. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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We induced three to five levels of reproductive effort (RE) by manipulating fruit set of a long-lived orchid in two populations that differed in the length of the growing season and local climate and examined survival, size and fecundity the following year. Natural fruit set was 72% higher in the long-season population, but was not associated with a significant survival cost in any population. Survival decreased linearly with experimentally increased RE in the short-season population. In both populations, natural RE incurred growth and fecundity costs, and growth costs increased nonlinearly with diminishing costs at high RE. Fecundity costs increased linearly with RE in the long-season population, but nonlinearly with diminishing costs at high RE in the other. The results demonstrate that the shape of the cost function may be nonlinear with context-dependent intercept, slope and curvature. They are consistent with the prediction that survival costs appear only when RE exceeds natural levels, while growth and fecundity costs are evident at natural RE.Synthesis. We suggest that studies inducing multiple levels of RE are required to understand life-history trade-offs and their context dependence. This kind of information is fundamental for an understanding of the link between environmental heterogeneity, adaptive differentiation and life-history evolution. [Sletvold, Nina; Agren, Jon] Uppsala Univ, EBC, Dept Ecol & Genet, Plant Ecol & Evolut, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Sletvold, N (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, EBC, Dept Ecol & Genet, Plant Ecol & Evolut, Norbyvagen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. nina.sletvold@ebc.uu.se Agren, Jon/E-6093-2011 Agren, Jon/0000-0001-9573-2463 Swedish Research Council Formas; Swedish Research Council We thank K. Karlsson Moritz and P. Zu for field assistance. This study was supported by a grant from The Swedish Research Council Formas to NS and a grant from The Swedish Research Council to JA. Bazzaz F. 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Maternal sensitivity and maternal and paternal authoritative parenting were positively correlated with a slow LH strategy. Maternal sensitivity and maternal authoritative parenting each explained unique variance in life history strategy as measured in late adolescence. The results remained after controlling for ethnicity, sex, childhood SES, intelligence, and childhood temperament Consistent with previous research and theory the results suggest that maternal sensitivity in early childhood affects the development of life history strategy. However, the results also suggest that significant post-pubertal plasticity in life history strategy development remains and that parental behavior continues to be influential in an individual's developing life history strategy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Dunkel, Curtis S.; Mathes, Eugene W.; Kesselring, Sean N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA; [Decker, Michelle L.; Kelts, Daniel J.] Illinois Cent Coll, Dept Social Sci, East Peoria, IL USA Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. c-dunkel@wiu.edu BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Belsky J, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1302, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x; Block J, 2006, AM PSYCHOL, V61, P315, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.315; BLOCK J, 1978, Q SORT METHOD PERSON; Block J, 1961, Q SORT METHOD PERSON; Block J., 2006, BLOCK BLOCK LONGITUD; Block JH, 1965, CHILD REARING PRACTI; de Graaf H, 2011, EUR PSYCHOL, V16, P21, DOI 10.1027/1016-9040/a000031; Del Giudice M, 2009, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X09000016; DRAPER P, 1982, J ANTHROPOL RES, V38, P255, DOI 10.1086/jar.38.3.3629848; Dunkel C., 2010, J SOCIAL EVOLUTIONAR, V4, P51, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099301; Dunkel C. 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SEP 2015 36 5 374 378 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.02.006 5 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences CP5ZE WOS:000359963300006 2018-11-12 J Fay, R; Weimerskirch, H; Delord, K; Barbraud, C Fay, Remi; Weimerskirch, Henri; Delord, Karine; Barbraud, Christophe Population density and climate shape early-life survival and recruitment in a long-lived pelagic seabird JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article capture-mark-recapture; Diomedea exulans; juvenile vital rates; population dynamics; wandering albatross ALBATROSS DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; FORAGING PROFICIENCY; FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; UNOBSERVABLE STATES; JUVENILE MORTALITY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; RECAPTURE MODELS Our understanding of demographic processes is mainly based on analyses of traits from the adult component of populations. Early-life demographic traits are poorly known mainly for methodological reasons. Yet, survival of juvenile and immature individuals is critical for the recruitment into the population and thus for the whole population dynamic, especially for long-lived species. This bias currently restrains our ability to fully understand population dynamics of long-lived species and life-history theory. The goal of this study was to estimate the early-life demographic parameters of a long-lived species with a long immature period (9-10years), to test for sex and age effects on these parameters and to identify the environmental factors encountered during the period of immaturity that may influence survival and recruitment. Using capture-mark-recapture multievent models allowing us to deal with uncertain and unobservable individual states, we analysed a long-term data set of wandering albatrosses to estimate both age- and sex-specific early-life survival and recruitment. We investigated environmental factors potentially driving these demographic traits using climatic and fisheries covariates and tested for density dependence. Our study provides for the first time an estimate of annual survival during the first 2years at sea for an albatross species (08010014). Both age and sex affected early-life survival and recruitment processes of this long-lived seabird species. Early-life survival and recruitment were highly variable across years although the sensitivity of young birds to environmental variability decreased with age. Early-life survival was negatively associated with sea surface temperature, and recruitment rate was positively related to both Southern Annular Mode and sea surface temperature. We found strong evidence for density-dependent mortality of juveniles. Population size explained 41% of the variation of this parameter over the study period. These results indicate that early-life survival and recruitment were strongly age and sex dependent in a dimorphic long-lived species. In addition, early-life demographic parameters were affected by natal environmental conditions and by environmental conditions faced during the period of immaturity. Finally, our results constitute one of the first demonstrations of density dependence on juvenile survival in seabirds, with major consequences for our understanding of population dynamics in seabirds. [Fay, Remi; Weimerskirch, Henri; Delord, Karine; Barbraud, Christophe] Univ La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7372, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France Fay, R (reprint author), Univ La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7372, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. fay.remi@gmail.com Barbraud, Christophe/A-5870-2012 French Polar Institute IPEV [109]; Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises; Zone Atelier Antarctique et Subantarctique (CNRS-INEE); European Research Council under European Community [ERC-2012-ADG_20120314] We thank the field workers involved in long-term demographic studies since 1966 and Dominique Besson for invaluable help with data management. We thank Remi Choquet for assistance in modelling with E-Surge. The long-term demographic study at Crozet was supported by the French Polar Institute IPEV (programme No 109), Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises and Zone Atelier Antarctique et Subantarctique (CNRS-INEE). 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Anim. Ecol. SEP 2015 84 5 1423 1433 10.1111/1365-2656.12390 11 Ecology; Zoology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology CP7UG WOS:000360093400028 25976400 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Hruschka, DJ; Hagaman, A Hruschka, Daniel J.; Hagaman, Ashley The physiological cost of reproduction for rich and poor across 65 countries AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY English Article MATERNAL DEPLETION; BODY-COMPOSITION; NEW-GUINEA; OBESITY; WEIGHT; FAT; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT; LACTATION; PARITY ObjectivesOne of the fundamental tradeoffs posited in life history theory is between storing energy for future reproduction versus spending that energy on current reproduction. However, past studies have shown variable and sometimes contradictory effects of reproduction on energy stores among women. MethodsTo examine how varying economic resources can account for these diverse findings, we applied mixed models to Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 187,848 nulliparous and primiparous women of reproductive age (20-34 years) in 65 countries varying widely in economic resources. Using this approach, we tracked average trajectories of body mass through pregnancy and the post-partum period, and assessed how these trajectories varied by household wealth and breastfeeding. ResultsIn all four wealth categories, sustained breastfeeding posed a substantial tradeoff with energy stores, reducing post-partum BMI by 0.5 to 1.0 kgm(-2) relative to non-breastfeeding women. However, among the wealthiest households (>6,400 USD per capita), this deficit was buffered substantially by greater pre-partum weight gain (+1.1 kgm(-2) compared to women from the poorest households). ConclusionThese findings show how the level of economic resources can systematically and profoundly shape a physiological tradeoff in reproduction, and can help account for past contradictory findings. More broadly, these results illustrate how integrating economic and energetic resources in a common framework can help clarify the apparently disparate weight-related outcomes of fertility in different countries. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:654-659, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [Hruschka, Daniel J.; Hagaman, Ashley] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Hruschka, DJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, POB 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 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Skill Ontogeny Among Tsimane Forager-Horticulturalists AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY English Article acquisition; proficiency; expertise; development; life history theory HUMAN LIFE-HISTORY; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS; ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; NATURAL-SELECTION; HUNTER-GATHERERS; EASTERN PARAGUAY; FIJIAN VILLAGES; CYCLE Objectives: We investigate whether age profiles of Tsimane forager-horticulturalists' reported skill development are consistent with predictions derived from life history theory about the timing of productivity and reproduction. Previous studies of forager skill development have often focused on a few abilities (e.g. hunting), and neglected the broad range of skills and services typical of forager economies (e.g. childcare, craft production, music performance, story-telling). Materials and Methods: By systematically examining age patterns in reported acquisition, proficiency, and expertise across a broad range of activities including food production, childcare, and other services, we provide the most complete skill development study of a traditional subsistence society to date. Results: Our results show that: (1) most essential skills are acquired prior to first reproduction, then developed further so that their productive returns meet the increasing demands of dependent offspring during adulthood; (2) as postreproductive adults age beyond earlier years of peak performance, they report developing additional conceptual and procedural proficiency, and despite greater physical frailty than younger adults, are consensually regarded as the most expert (especially in music and storytelling), consistent with their roles as providers and educators. We find that adults have accurate understandings of their skillsets and skill levels -an important awareness for social exchange, comparison, learning, and pedagogy. Discussion: These findings extend our understanding of the evolved human life history by illustrating how changes in embodied capital and the needs of dependent offspring predict the development of complementary skills and services in a forager-horticulturalist economy. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [Schniter, Eric; Wilcox, Nathaniel T.] Chapman Univ, Econ Sci Inst, Orange, CA 92866 USA; [Gurven, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Integrat Anthropol Sci Unit, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Kaplan, Hillard S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Hooper, Paul L.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA Schniter, E (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Econ Sci Inst, One Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA. eschniter@gmail.com Kaplan, Hillard/0000-0002-7398-7358; Gurven, Michael/0000-0002-5661-527X National Science Foundation [DDIG 0612908, BCS-0136274, BCS-0422690]; NIH/NIA [R01AG024119] Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Grant numbers: DDIG #0612908 (E.S.), BCS-0136274 (M.G.), and BCS-0422690 (H.K.); Grant sponsor: NIH/NIA (M.G. and H.K.); Grant number: R01AG024119. 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SEP 2015 158 1 3 18 10.1002/ajpa.22757 16 Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology CP0ZB WOS:000359604500002 25921880 2018-11-12 J Shirtcliff, EA; Dismukes, AR; Marceau, K; Ruttle, PL; Simmons, JG; Han, G Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.; Dismukes, Andrew R.; Marceau, Kristine; Ruttle, Paula L.; Simmons, Julian G.; Han, Georges A Dual-Axis Approach to Understanding Neuroendocrine Development DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY English Article cortisol; testosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA); HPA-axis; HPG-axis; coupling; adolescence; life history theory PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; EARLY FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS; MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA; PUBERTAL MATURATION; STRESS EXPOSURE; SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE; CENTRAL MECHANISMS; STEROID-HORMONES; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; T/C RATIO This introduction sets out to present a series of paper about a novel perspective regarding stress and sex hormones, or what the authors within this special issue term coupling of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and-gonadal axes. This view postulates that these axes do not necessarily operate in opposition, but can operate together as evidenced empirically as a positive within-person association between stress hormones like cortisol or sex hormones like testosterone. A wealth of papers within the special issue demonstrate positive coupling across acute, diurnal, basal, and longitudinal timeframes and across several different types of contexts. Reviews were meant to challenge whether this was physiologically plausible. Consistently, sophisticated statistical models were utilized in order to show a template for how to model positive coupling and to ensure that coupling was a within-person phenomenon. We cautiously considered positive coupling until the consistency of observing coupling was robust enough for us to consider challenging the prevailing oppositional view of these axes. We do so to acknowledge that there are contexts, moments and stages in which the function of these axes should work together: for example when contexts are both stressful and challenging or at developmental stages (like adolescence) in which the youth must grow up despite the storm and stress of youth. We hope that by putting forward a functional dual-axis approach, the field will be able to consider when and how these axes work together. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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Psychobiol. SEP 2015 57 6 SI 643 653 10.1002/dev.21337 11 Developmental Biology; Psychology Developmental Biology; Psychology CO7MW WOS:000359344500001 26220016 Green Accepted 2018-11-12 J Gangloff, EJ; Vleck, D; Bronikowski, AM Gangloff, Eric J.; Vleck, David; Bronikowski, Anne M. Developmental and Immediate Thermal Environments Shape Energetic Trade-Offs, Growth Efficiency, and Metabolic Rate in Divergent Life-History Ecotypes of the Garter Snake Thamnophis elegans PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY English Article metabolic scaling; oxygen consumption rate; developmental plasticity; western terrestrial garter snake MOTTLED ROCK RATTLESNAKE; SIRTALIS-PARIETALIS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; CROTALUS-LEPIDUS; BODY-SIZE; POPULATIONS; ANIMALS; TOLERANCE Interactions at all levels of ecology are influenced by the rate at which energy is obtained, converted, and allocated. Trade-offs in energy allocation within individuals in turn form the basis for life-history theory. Here we describe tests of the influences of temperature, developmental environment, and genetic background on measures of growth efficiency and resting metabolic rate in an ectothermic vertebrate, the western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans). After raising captive-born snakes from divergent life-history ecotypes on thermal regimes mimicking natural habitat differences (2 x 2 experimental design of ecotype and thermal environment), we measured oxygen consumption rate at temperatures spanning the activity range of this species. We found ecotypic differences in the reaction norms of snakes across the measured range of temperatures and a temperature-dependent allometric relationship between mass and metabolic rate predicted by the metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis. Additionally, we present evidence of within-individual trade-offs between growth efficiency and resting metabolic rate, as predicted by classic life-history theory. These observations help illuminate the ultimate and proximate factors that underlie variation in these interrelated physiological and life-history traits. [Gangloff, Eric J.; Vleck, David; Bronikowski, Anne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA Gangloff, EJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. gangloff@iastate.edu Bronikowski, Anne/0000-0001-6432-298X National Science Foundation [IOS-0922528]; Interdepartmental Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Office of Biotechnology at Iowa State University This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to A.M.B. (IOS-0922528). We thank G. Palacios for assistance with fieldwork and experimental setup; M. Manes, W. Manhart, R. Potter, and A. Wendt for assistance in captive snake care; H. Messersmith and D. Reding for assistance with metabolic measurements; L. Baumgard, W. Clark, Bronikowski Laboratory members, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on manuscript drafts; and P. Dixon for statistical advice. E. J. G. was supported by fellowships from the Interdepartmental Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Office of Biotechnology at Iowa State University. All research was conducted with approval from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. 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Biochem. Zool. SEP-OCT 2015 88 5 550 563 10.1086/682239 14 Physiology; Zoology Physiology; Zoology CO6DP WOS:000359247700008 26658251 Green Published 2018-11-12 J Kulathinal, S; Saavala, M Kulathinal, Sangita; Saavala, Minna FERTILITY INTENTIONS AND EARLY LIFE HEALTH STRESS AMONG WOMEN IN EIGHT INDIAN CITIES: TESTING THE REPRODUCTIVE ACCELERATION HYPOTHESIS JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE English Article DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; BRITISH WOMEN; PREDICTS AGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; BODY HEIGHT; RURAL INDIA; TRADE-OFF; HISTORY; MENARCHE; NEIGHBORHOODS In life history theory, early life adversity is associated with an accelerated reproductive tempo. In harsh and unpredictable conditions in developing societies fertility is generally higher and the reproductive tempo faster than in more secure environments. This paper examines whether differences in female anthropometry, particularly adult height, are associated with fertility intentions of women in urban environments in India. The study population consists of women aged 15-29 (N = 4485) in slums and non-slums of eight Indian cities in the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of 2005-2006. Adult height is taken as a proxy for early childhood health and nutritional condition. Fertility intentions are examined by using two variables: the desire to have a child or another child, and to have it relatively soon, as indicative of accelerated reproductive scheduling. Evidence supporting the acceleration hypothesis is found in two urban frames out of 26 examined in a two-staged multinomial logistic model. In three cases, the relationship between fertility intentions and height is the opposite than expected by the acceleration hypothesis: taller women have a higher predictive probability of desiring a(nother) child and/or narrower birth spacing. Potential explanations for the partly contradictory relationship between the childhood health indicator and fertility intentions are discussed. [Kulathinal, Sangita] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Saavala, Minna] Populat Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland Saavala, M (reprint author), Populat Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland. minna.saavala@vaestoliitto.fi Kone foundation The authors wish to thank an anonymous reviewer, Bijoy Joseph, Lassi Lainiala, Anneli Miettinen and Anna Rotkirch for their help and comments on an earlier draft of the paper. This study is part of the project 'Precarious family formation' financed by the Kone foundation. 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These growth tactics are favored by predation risk, both in and after leaving the nest, and are facilitated by greater provisioning of individual offspring by parents. Increased provisioning of individual offspring depends on partitioning effort among fewer young because of constraints on effort from adult and nest mortality. These growth and provisioning responses to mortality risk finally explain the conundrum of small clutch sizes of tropical birds. Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. tom.martin@umontana.edu Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 NSF [DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; University of Montana IACUC [059-10TMMCWRU] I thank J. Maron, F. S. Dobson, two anonymous reviewers, and my graduate students for helpful comments; Z. Wang for providing initial R-code for growth analyses; Sabah Parks and the Sabah Biodiversity Centre in Malaysia; and C. Bosque, INPARQUES, and Fonacit in Venezuela. This work was supported by NSF grants DEB-1241041 and IOS-1349178 and by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, and was conducted under auspices of University of Montana IACUC no. 059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Data are available in Dryad: DOI 10.5061/dryad.2m15n; data files: Life_history_data. ASHMOLE N. 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The Impact of Perceived Disease Threat on Women's Desire for Novel Dating and Sexual Partners: Is Variety the Best Medicine? JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY English Article pathogens; disease threat; vulnerability to disease; evolutionary psychology; human mating EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; BEHAVIORAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; BET-HEDGING STRATEGY; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; MATE PREFERENCES; GENETIC BENEFITS; OVULATORY CYCLE; PREJUDICIAL ATTITUDES; PATHOGEN PREVALENCE Researchers in the evolutionary sciences have long understood men's desire to mate with a variety of women. Because men's obligatory investment in offspring production is relatively small, men can directly increase their number of descendants by mating with multiple partners. Relatively less is known, however, about the conditions that favor sexual variety seeking in women. Drawing on insights from evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology, we examined the relationship between the perceived pathogen load in an environment and women's desire for sexual variety. Across 5 experiments, we primed women with cues indicating that the rate of disease is increasing in their environment. We then measured their desire for novel sexual and dating partners. Results revealed that women with a history of vulnerability to illness respond to these cues by desiring a greater number of novel partners. This shift was not found in men and did not predict variety seeking in a nonsexual domain. In addition to providing evidence of a novel conceptual link between the pathogen load and patterns of human mating behavior, this research also provides new insights into women's mating psychology and the conditions that favor sexual variety seeking in the greater investing sex. 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Post-mortem assessment of adults collected in the field after natural death represents a sound approach to quantify how body size affects realized fecundity. This approach is used here for two Lepidoptera for which replicated field data are available, the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Tortricidae) and bagworm Metisa planaWalker (Psychidae). Dead female budworms were collected on drop trays placed beneath tree canopies at four locations. Most females had mated during their lifetime (presence of a spermatophore in spermatheca), and body size did not influence mating failure. Oviposition time limitation was the major factor restricting realized fecundity of females, and its incidence was independent of body size at three of the four locations. Both realized and potential fecundity of female budworms increased linearly with body size. Female bagworms are neotenous and reproduce within a bag; hence, parameters related to realized fecundity are unusually tractable. 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Entomol. AUG 2015 44 4 1193 1200 10.1093/ee/nvv075 8 Entomology Entomology CP1WN WOS:000359668100029 26314065 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Walzer, A; Schausberger, P Walzer, Andreas; Schausberger, Peter Food stress causes sex-specific maternal effects in mites JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY English Article Egg size/number trade-off; Environmental stress; Trans-generational effects; Sex-specific effects; Phytoseiid mites PREDATORY MITES; PHYTOSEIULUS-PERSIMILIS; ACARI PHYTOSEIIDAE; TYPHLODROMUS-PYRI; PREDACIOUS MITES; PREY DENSITY; SIZE; EGG; CANNIBALISM; BEHAVIOR Life history theory predicts that females should produce few large eggs under food stress and many small eggs when food is abundant. We tested this prediction in three female-biased size-dimorphic predatory mites feeding on herbivorous spidermite prey: Phytoseiulus persimilis, a specialized spider mite predator; Neoseiulus californicus, a generalist preferring spider mites; Amblyseius andersoni, a broad diet generalist. Irrespective of predator species and offspring sex, most females laid only one small egg under severe food stress. Irrespective of predator species, the number of female but not male eggs decreased with increasing maternal food stress. This sex-specific effect was probably due to the higher production costs of large female than small male eggs. The complexity of the response to the varying availability of spider mite prey correlated with the predators' degree of adaptation to this prey. Most A. andersoni females did not oviposit under severe food stress, whereas N. californicus and P. persimilis did oviposit. Under moderate food stress, only P. persimilis increased its investment per offspring, at the expense of egg number, and produced few large female eggs. When prey was abundant, P. persimilis decreased the female egg sizes at the expense of increased egg numbers, resulting in a sex-specific egg size/number trade-off. Maternal effects manifested only in N. californicus and P. persimilis. Small egg size correlated with the body size of daughters but not sons. Overall, our study provides a key example of sex-specific maternal effects, i.e. food stress during egg production more strongly affects the sex of the large than the small offspring. [Walzer, Andreas; Schausberger, Peter] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Div Plant Protect, Dept Crop Sci, Arthropod Ecol & Behav Grp, A-1190 Vienna, Austria Walzer, A (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Div Plant Protect, Dept Crop Sci, Arthropod Ecol & Behav Grp, Peter Jordanstr 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. andreas.walzer@boku.ac.at Schausberger, Peter/0000-0002-1529-3198 Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P19824-B17, P23504-B17] This study was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; P19824-B17 and P23504-B17). 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Biol. AUG 2015 218 16 2603 2609 10.1242/jeb.123752 7 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics CP5QA WOS:000359937300017 26089530 Other Gold, Green Published, Green Accepted 2018-11-12 J Martin, TE; Oteyza, JC; Boyce, AJ; Lloyd, P; Ton, R Martin, Thomas E.; Oteyza, Juan C.; Boyce, Andy J.; Lloyd, Penn; Ton, Riccardo Adult Mortality Probability and Nest Predation Rates Explain Parental Effort in Warming Eggs with Consequences for Embryonic Development Time AMERICAN NATURALIST English Article life history; parental effort; incubation period; embryonic development; parental care; reproductive effort; adult mortality; nest predation LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; SOUTH TEMPERATE BIRDS; INCUBATION PERIODS; NATURAL-SELECTION; AVIAN INCUBATION; CLUTCH-SIZE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; INTRINSIC GROWTH Parental behavior and effort vary extensively among species. Life-history theory suggests that age-specific mortality could cause this interspecific variation, but past tests have focused on fecundity as the measure of parental effort. Fecundity can cause costs of reproduction that confuse whether mortality is the cause or the consequence of parental effort. We focus on a trait, parental allocation of time and effort in warming embryos, that varies widely among species of diverse taxa and is not tied to fecundity. We conducted studies on songbirds of four continents and show that time spent warming eggs varies widely among species and latitudes and is not correlated with clutch size. Adult and offspring (nest) mortality explained most of the interspecific variation in time and effort that parents spend warming eggs, measured by average egg temperatures. Parental effort in warming eggs is important because embryonic temperature can influence embryonic development period and hence exposure time to predation risk. We show through correlative evidence and experimental swapping of embryos between species that parentally induced egg temperatures cause interspecific variation in embryonic development period. The strong association of age-specific mortality with parental effort in warming eggs and the subsequent effects on embryonic development time are unique results that can advance understanding of broad geographic patterns of life-history variation. [Martin, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Martin, Thomas E.; Oteyza, Juan C.; Boyce, Andy J.; Ton, Riccardo] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Lloyd, Penn] Univ Cape Town, Dept Sci & Technol, Natl Res Fdn, Percy FitzPatrick Inst,Ctr Excellence, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa Martin, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. tom.martin@umontana.edu Martin, Thomas E/0000-0002-4028-4867 National Science Foundation [DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, IOS-1349178]; US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [059-10TMMCWRU] We are grateful to S. Ducatez, L. Kruuk, J. LaManna, M. Symonds, H. A. Woods, and our lab for helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to M. Lakim, Sabah Parks, and the Sabah Biodiversity Centre for their help in Malaysia; G. Greeff, Eskom, and the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board in South Africa; and C. Bosque, the Instituto Nacional de Parques, and the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Innovacion (Fonacit) in Venezuela. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants DEB-0841764, DEB-1241041, and IOS-1349178), and the US Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program. This work was conducted under the auspices of University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 059-10TMMCWRU. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. 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Nat. AUG 2015 186 2 223 236 10.1086/681986 14 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology CN5CR WOS:000358447800009 26655151 2018-11-12 J Touchon, JC; McCoy, MW; Landberg, T; Vonesh, JR; Warkentin, KM Touchon, Justin C.; McCoy, Michael W.; Landberg, Tobias; Vonesh, James R.; Warkentin, Karen M. Putting mu/g in a new light: plasticity in life history switch points reflects fine-scale adaptive responses ECOLOGY English Article Agalychnis callidryas; Anura; growth; life history switch point; mesocosm experiment; mortality; Neotropical treefrog; phenotypic plasticity; predator-induced variation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama; timing of metamorphosis RED-EYED TREEFROG; INDUCED PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PREDATION RISK; TRADE-OFFS; DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; HATCHING AGE; REEF FISHES; GROWTH-RATE; PREY Life history theory predicts that organisms with complex life cycles should transition between life stages when the ratio of growth rate (g) to risk of mortality (mu) in the current stage falls below that in the subsequent stage. Empirical support for this idea has been mixed. Implicit in both theory and empirical work is that the risk of mortality in the subsequent stage is unknown. However, some embryos and larvae of both vertebrates and invertebrates assess cues of post-transition predation risk and alter the timing of hatching or metamorphosis accordingly. Furthermore, although life history switch points of prey have traditionally been treated as discrete shifts in morphology or habitat, for many organisms they are continuous transitional periods within which the timing of specific developmental and behavioral events can be plastic. We studied red-eyed treefrogs (Agalychnis callidryas), which detect predators of both larvae and metamorphs, to test if plastic changes during the process of metamorphosis could reconcile the mismatch between life history theory and empirical data and if plasticity in an earlier stage transition (hatching) would affect plasticity at a subsequent stage transition (metamorphosis). We reared tadpoles from hatching until metamorphosis in a full-factorial cross of two hatching ages (early-vs. late-hatched) and the presence or absence of free-roaming predators of larvae (giant water bugs) and metamorphs (fishing spiders). Hatching age affected the times from oviposition to tail resorption and from hatching to emergence onto land, but did not alter responses to predators or developmental stage at emergence. Tadpoles did not alter their age at emergence or tail resorption in response to larval or metamorph predators, despite the fact that predators reduced tadpole density by similar to 30%. However, developmental stage at emergence and time needed to complete metamorphosis in the terrestrial environment were plastic and consistent with predictions of the "minimize mu/g'' framework. Our results demonstrate that likely adaptive changes in life history transitions occur at previously unappreciated timescales. Consideration of plasticity in the developmental timing of ecologically important events within metamorphosis, rather than treating it as a discrete switch point, may help to reconcile inconsistencies between empirical studies of predator effects and expectations of long-standing ecological theory. [Touchon, Justin C.] Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA; [Touchon, Justin C.; McCoy, Michael W.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA; [Landberg, Tobias] Arcadia Univ, Dept Biol, Glenside, PA 19038 USA; [Landberg, Tobias; Warkentin, Karen M.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [Vonesh, James R.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA; [Warkentin, Karen M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama Touchon, JC (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, 124 Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. jutouchon@vassar.edu Warkentin, Karen/0000-0002-7804-800X; Vonesh, James/0000-0003-2481-9988 National Science Foundation [DEB-0717220, DEB-0716923]; Boston University; Virginia Commonwealth University; East Carolina University; STRI We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) for logistical support and the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente de Panama for research permit SC/A-16-10. This research was conducted under Boston University IACUC protocol #08-011. We thank S. Bouchard, J. Charbonnier, Z. Costa, K. Cohen, R. Greene, C. Jenney, C. Noss, M. Palmer, S. Schleier, and B. Willink for assistance with the experiment and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0717220 to J. R. Vonesh and DEB-0716923 to K. M. Warkentin), Boston University, Virginia Commonwealth University, East Carolina University, and STRI. 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Using the California Q-sort Measure of Life History Strategy to Predict Sexual Behavioral Outcomes ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR English Article Q-sort; Life history theory; Longitudinal; Measurement ASSESSING AXIS II; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; K-FACTOR; PERSONALITY; VALIDITY The validity of the California Q-set measure of life history (LH) strategy was examined by conducting secondary analyses on longitudinal data that included the Q-sort measure of LH strategy at multiple ages (base year N = 106) and six measures of reproductive behavior. LH strategy Q-sort ratings showed stability from ages 14-23. Additionally, the ratings were found to be good prospective and age concurrent predictors of six reproductive behaviors. 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[Dunkel, Curtis S.; Summerville, Lauren A.; Mathes, Eugene W.; Kesserling, Sean N.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA Dunkel, CS (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. c-dunkel@wiu.edu Baumeister RF, 2007, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V2, P396, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Block J, 2006, AM PSYCHOL, V61, P315, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.315; BLOCK J, 1978, Q SORT METHOD PERSON; Block J, 1961, Q SORT METHOD PERSON; Block J., 2006, BLOCK BLOCK LONGITUD; BOGAERT AF, 1989, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V10, P1071, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90259-6; CHISHOLM JS, 1993, CURR ANTHROPOL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1086/204131; Connelly BS, 2010, PSYCHOL BULL, V136, P1092, DOI 10.1037/a0021212; Copping LT, 2014, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V12, P200, DOI 10.1177/147470491401200115; Del Giudice M., 2011, EVOLUTION PERSONALIT, P154; Duncan Otis Dudley, 1961, OCCUPATIONS SOCIAL S, P109; Dunkel C.S., 2013, J SOC EVOL CULTUR PS, V7, P12, DOI DOI 10.1037/H0099177; Dunkel CS, 2013, INTELLIGENCE, V41, P423, DOI 10.1016/j.intell.2013.06.010; Ellis BJ, 2003, CHILD DEV, V74, P801, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00569; Ellis BJ, 2011, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V23, P85, DOI 10.1017/S0954579410000660; Figueredo AJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P1349, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.009; Figueredo AJ, 2004, SOC BIOL, V51, P121; Figueredo AJ, 2006, DEV REV, V26, P243, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002; Figueredo AJ, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P317, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9068-2; FUNDER DC, 1989, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V57, P1041, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1041; Geronimus AT, 1996, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V7, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF02732898; Giosan C., 2006, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOL, V4, P394, DOI DOI 10.1177/147470490600400131; Gladden PR, 2008, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V29, P319, DOI 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.003; Gorsuch R. 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AUG 2015 44 6 1705 1711 10.1007/s10508-014-0445-5 7 Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics CN0XI WOS:000358137500017 25515585 2018-11-12 J Jones, JH; Tuljapurkar, S Jones, James Holland; Tuljapurkar, Shripad Measuring selective constraint on fertility in human life histories PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA English Article demography; life history theory; human evolution EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTS; FITNESS; INTELLIGENCE; POPULATION; LONGEVITY; MORTALITY; INFANT; LONG Human life histories combine late age at first reproduction, long reproductive span, relatively high fertility, and substantial postreproductive survival. However, even among the most fecund populations, human fertility falls far below its theoretical maximum. The extent of parental care required for successful offspring recruitment and widespread fertility decline under proper economic conditions suggest that selection on fertility is constrained by trade-offs with recruitment. Here we measure the trade-offs between life history traits under selection by approximating the slope of the selective constraint curve on two traits at the observed values. Using a selection of populations that span human demographic space, we find that the substitution elasticity of fertility for infant survival shows age-related patterns, with minimum substitution elasticities ranging from 14 to 22 for the four populations. The age of this minimum occurs earlier in the high-mortality populations relative to generation time than it does in the low-mortality populations. The human curves are qualitatively similar to one of two comparable nonhuman primate age-specific substitution elasticity curves. The curve for rhesus macaques has a similar shape but is shifted down, meaning that the threshold for switching from investing in survival to fertility is lower at all ages. The magnitude of the substitution elasticities is similar between chimpanzees and humans but the shape is quite different, rising more slowly for a longer fraction of the chimpanzee life cycle. The steeply rising substitution elasticities with age in humans has clear implications for the evolution of reproductive senescence. [Jones, James Holland] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jones, James Holland] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jones, James Holland] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England; [Tuljapurkar, Shripad] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Jones, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. jhj1@stanford.edu Jones, James/0000-0003-1680-6757 National Science Foundation Grant [BCS-1062879]; [R24AG039345] Mike Price provided critical comments that helped move the paper when it was stalled. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BCS-1062879 to J.H.J. The ideas in this paper were first discussed at a biodemography workshop supported by Grant R24AG039345 to S.T. This paper is a contribution to Imperial College's Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment initiative. 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Towards cancer-aware life-history modelling PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article Peto's paradox; cancer; life history; body size; sexual conflict; coevolution BODY-SIZE; MULTISTAGE CARCINOGENESIS; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS; METABOLIC-RATE; SELECTION; RISK; MUTATION; HEIGHT; NUMBER; POPULATIONS Studies of body size evolution, and life-history theory in general, are conducted without taking into account cancer as a factor that can end an organism's reproductive lifespan. This reflects a tacit assumption that predation, parasitism and starvation are of overriding importance in the wild. We argue here that even if deaths directly attributable to cancer are a rarity in studies of natural populations, it remains incorrect to infer that cancer has not been of importance in shaping observed life histories. We present first steps towards a cancer-aware life-history theory, by quantifying the decrease in the length of the expected reproductively active lifespan that follows from an attempt to grow larger than conspecific competitors. If all else is equal, a larger organism is more likely to develop cancer, but, importantly, many factors are unlikely to be equal. Variations in extrinsic mortality as well as in the pace of life-larger organisms are often near the slow end of the fast-slow life-history continuum-can make realized cancer incidences more equal across species than what would be observed in the absence of adaptive responses to cancer risk (alleviating the so-called Peto's paradox). We also discuss reasons why patterns across species can differ from within-species predictions. Even if natural selection diminishes cancer susceptibility differences between species, within-species differences can remain. In many sexually dimorphic cases, we predict males to be more cancer-prone than females, forming an understudied component of sexual conflict. [Kokko, Hanna; Hochberg, Michael E.] Wissensch Kolleg Berlin, Inst Adv Study, D-14193 Berlin, Germany; [Kokko, Hanna] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Hochberg, Michael E.] Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5554, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier, France; [Hochberg, Michael E.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA Kokko, H (reprint author), Wissensch Kolleg Berlin, Inst Adv Study, Wallotstr 19, D-14193 Berlin, Germany. hanna.kokko@ieu.uzh.ch; mhochber@univ-montp2.fr Australian Research Council; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [EvoCan ANR-13-BSV7-0003-01]; INSERM (Physique Cancer) [CanEvolve PC201306] This work was supported by grants from the Australian Research Council to H.K., and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (EvoCan ANR-13-BSV7-0003-01) and INSERM (Physique Cancer, CanEvolve PC201306) to M.E.H. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. JUL 19 2015 370 1673 UNSP 20140234 10.1098/rstb.2014.0234 9 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics CK1XN WOS:000356002700014 26056356 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Nunney, L; Maley, CC; Breen, M; Hochberg, ME; Schiffman, JD Nunney, Leonard; Maley, Carlo C.; Breen, Matthew; Hochberg, Michael E.; Schiffman, Joshua D. Peto's paradox and the promise of comparative oncology PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Editorial Material Peto's paradox; comparative oncology; evolution; life-history theory; cancer; modelling MULTISTAGE CARCINOGENESIS; CANINE OSTEOSARCOMA; COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY; LINEAGE SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; CLONAL EVOLUTION; TUMOR EVOLUTION; CANCER-RISK; MUTATION; DOGS The past several decades have seen a paradigm shift with the integration of evolutionary thinking into studying cancer. The evolutionary lens is most commonly employed in understanding cancer emergence, tumour growth and metastasis, but there is an increasing realization that cancer defences both between tissues within the individual and between species have been influenced by natural selection. This special issue focuses on discoveries of these deeper evolutionary phenomena in the emerging area of 'comparative oncology'. Comparing cancer dynamics in different tissues or species can lead to insights into how biology and ecology have led to differences in carcinogenesis, and the diversity, incidence and lethality of cancers. In this introduction to the special issue, we review the history of the field and outline how the contributions use empirical, comparative and theoretical approaches to address the processes and patterns associated with 'Peto's paradox', the lack of a statistical relationship of cancer incidence with body size and longevity. This burgeoning area of research can help us understand that cancer is not only a disease but is also a driving force in biological systems and species life histories. Comparative oncology will be key to understanding globally important health issues, including cancer epidemiology, prevention and improved therapies. 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Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. JUL 19 2015 370 1673 UNSP 20140177 10.1098/rstb.2014.0177 8 Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics CK1XN WOS:000356002700001 26056361 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Visse, M; Sild, E; Kesler, M; Saks, L; Horak, P Visse, Marko; Sild, Elin; Kesler, Martin; Saks, Lauri; Horak, Peeter Do Atlantic salmon parr trade growth against immunity? MARINE AND FRESHWATER BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY English Article milt production; sex difference; pace-of-life-syndrome; oxidative burst; Atlantic salmon; somatic investment COD GADUS-MORHUA; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LIFE-HISTORY; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; PARASITE INFECTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FIELD CRICKET; ARCTIC CHARR; BODY-SIZE Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproduction and investments into other expensive physiological functions such as growth and immunity. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L. 1758), a species with alternative reproductive strategies and indeterminate growth, offers an excellent opportunity to test for the existence of such trade-offs. We tested the hypothesis that reproduction suppresses immunity and physiological condition by comparing the measures of innate immunity, redox balance and body condition in reproductive (sneaker) male vs. non-reproductive female Atlantic salmon parr in suboptimal and good quality spawning site. Reproductive males did not appear immunocompromised or in poorer condition than non-reproductive females, suggesting that milt production per se did not exert sex-specific somatic costs under the study conditions. We did not find any evidence that the capability of phagocytes to produce an oxidative burst upon stimulation in vitro (whole blood chemiluminescence, WBCL response) covaried with measures of redox balance (spleen total glutathione concentration or superoxide dismutase activity). Quality of the spawning sites influenced the measured parameters. Fish collected from the river with a good quality spawning were heavier than those in suboptimal spawning site. In both study sites and irrespective of sex, shorter fishes had stronger WBCL responses than longer fishes. This finding is consistent with a concept that different individuals within populations can follow different life history or physiological strategies with some individuals prioritizing somatic growth over immune responsiveness and vice versa. [Visse, Marko; Sild, Elin; Horak, Peeter] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia; [Visse, Marko; Kesler, Martin; Saks, Lauri] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia; [Saks, Lauri] Univ Daugavpils, Inst Systemat Zool, Fac Nat Sci & Math, Daugavpils, Latvia Horak, P (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. horak@ut.ee ESF [2013/0067/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/13/APIA/VIAA/060]; Estonian Science Foundation [ETF7190, ETF8281]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Science [SF0180005s10, SF0180004s09]; European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence Frontiers In Biodiversity Research); Estonian Science Agency [IUT34-8, PUT653] LS was financed by ESF project No 2013/0067/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/13/APIA/VIAA/060. LS and MV were financed by the Estonian Science Foundation [grant number ETF7190], [grant number ETF8281]; the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science through target-financing projects [SF0180005s10], [SF0180004s09]. ES and PH were financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence Frontiers In Biodiversity Research) and [grant number IUT34-8] (PH), [grant number PUT653] (ES) by Estonian Science Agency. The experimental methodology complies with the current laws of the Estonian Republic. 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Freshw. Behav. Physiol. JUL 4 2015 48 4 225 240 10.1080/10236244.2015.1035536 16 Marine & Freshwater Biology Marine & Freshwater Biology CJ9AP WOS:000355795000001 2018-11-12 J Burbank, V; Senior, K; McMullen, S Burbank, Victoria; Senior, Kate; McMullen, Sue Precocious Pregnancy, Sexual Conflict, and Early Childbearing in Remote Aboriginal Australia ANTHROPOLOGICAL FORUM English Article Risk; Life history theory; Parenting; Teenage pregnancy; Aboriginal Australia REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; EVOLUTION; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; VIOLENCE; RISK Ideas from evolutionary theory and a consideration of social and cultural factors are used to argue that teenage pregnancy in three remote Aboriginal communities represents a strategic response to current environments characterised by pervasive and sustained risk and uncertainty. Ethnographic studies of the communities find that these environments both provoke and enable the reproductive strategies of adolescent boys and girls but raise the question of the effects of father absent socialisation. [Burbank, Victoria] Univ Western Australia M257, Sch Social Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; [Senior, Kate] Univ Wollongong, Fac Social Sci, Sch Hlth & Soc, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [McMullen, Sue] Smithfield, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia Burbank, V (reprint author), Univ Western Australia M257, Sch Social Sci, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. victoria.burbank@uwa.edu.au; ksenior@uow.edu.au; mcmullen_sue@hotmail.com ARC Linkage-Project [LP0990680]; ARC Future Fellowship [FT120100933]; ARC Discovery Grant [DP0210203] Senior's and McMullan's fieldwork was funded by an ARC Linkage-Project Grant [LP0990680] to Senior, Saggers, Pitts, and Burbank. Senior was also funded by an ARC Future Fellowship [FT120100933]. Burbank's most recent fieldwork was funded by an ARC Discovery Grant [DP0210203] received with Tonkinson and Tonkinson. 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Forum JUL 3 2015 25 3 243 261 10.1080/00664677.2015.1027657 19 Anthropology Anthropology CM8GE WOS:000357935700002 2018-11-12 J Kawamoto, T Kawamoto, Tetsuya The translation and validation of the Mini-K scale in Japanese JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH English Article Mini-K scale in Japanese; life history theory; test reliability; test validity; psychometrics LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; GENERAL FACTOR; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; PERSONALITY; SOCIOSEXUALITY; EXPECTANCY; ATTACHMENT; HYPOTHESIS; COVITALITY; ILLNESS The purpose of this study was to validate the 20-item Mini-K scale, which is the short form of the Arizona Life History Battery, as translated into Japanese. Two samples of Japanese adults (N=2000; 50.0% men; Mage=40.9 for the first survey; N=400; 50.0% men; Mage=42.2 for the second survey) completed a web-based questionnaire, including the Japanese translation of the Mini-K. The results showed that the psychometric properties of the Japanese Mini-K scale were comparable to those of the original English version. The scale had good reliability based on Cronbach's and McDonald's . Convergent validity was demonstrated by the correlation between the Mini-K scores and life history indicators. In addition, the Mini-K score was related to both personality and psychosomatic health. The translated scale provides a valid and reliable instrument in Japanese that measures human life-history strategy. [Kawamoto, Tetsuya] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan Kawamoto, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Educ, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. tk5049@p.u-tokyo.ac.jp JSPS KAKENHI [26-12061] This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26-12061. 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JUL 2015 57 3 254 267 10.1111/jpr.12083 14 Psychology, Multidisciplinary Psychology CM1HX WOS:000357433000008 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Whitehead, R; Currie, D; Inchley, J; Currie, C Whitehead, Ross; Currie, Dorothy; Inchley, Jo; Currie, Candace Educational expectations and adolescent health behaviour: an evolutionary approach INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH English Article Temporal orientation; Academic expectations; Adolescent; Health behaviour; Risk behaviour; Life history theory OF-THE-LITERATURE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDHOOD; SCHOOL; SOCIALIZATION; INEQUALITIES; PATTERNS; SMOKING; COHORT Previous research finds adolescents expecting to attend university are more likely to demonstrate health-promoting behaviour than those not expecting university attendance. This suggests public health improvements may be achievable by encouraging adolescents to adopt academic goals. We investigate confounders of this putative relationship, focusing on those identified by evolutionary theory. Multi-level logistic regression was used to analyse the 2010 Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (n = 1834). Adolescents anticipating university attendance exhibited higher levels of engagement in health-protective behaviours (fruit and vegetable consumption, exercise and tooth brushing) and were more likely to avoid health-damaging behaviours (crisps, soft drink and alcohol consumption, tobacco and cannabis use, fighting and intercourse). These relationships persisted when controlling indicators of life history trajectory (pubertal timing, socioeconomic status and father absence). Pupil level: gender, age, perceived academic achievement and peer/family communication and school level: university expectations, affluence, leavers' destinations, exam performance and school climate were also adjusted. Encouraging adolescents to consider an academic future may achieve public health benefits, despite social factors that might otherwise precipitate poor health via an accelerated life history trajectory. [Whitehead, Ross; Currie, Dorothy; Inchley, Jo; Currie, Candace] Univ St Andrews, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Hlth Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 9TF, Fife, Scotland Whitehead, R (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Hlth Res Unit, Med & Biol Sci Bldg, St Andrews KY16 9TF, Fife, Scotland. rw394@st-andrews.ac.uk; dbc2@st-andrews.ac.uk; jci2@st-andrews.ac.uk; cec53@st-andrews.ac.uk NHS Health Scotland The authors would like to thank Dr. Willem Frankenhuis and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was funded by NHS Health Scotland. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of NHS Health Scotland as commissioners of the work or the University Court of the University of St Andrews as undertakers of the work. The authors acknowledge the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) research network that developed the study's research protocol in collaboration with the WHO regional office for Europe. Candace Currie, University of St Andrews is the HBSC International Coordinator and Oddrun Samdal, University of Bergen is the HBSC Data Manager. 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J. Public Health JUL 2015 60 5 599 608 10.1007/s00038-015-0692-9 10 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Public, Environmental & Occupational Health CL2WX WOS:000356809400009 25994590 2018-11-12 J Ramirez, F; Forero, MG; Hobson, KA; Chiaradia, A Ramirez, Francisco; Forero, Manuela G.; Hobson, Keith A.; Chiaradia, Andre Older female little penguins Eudyptula minor adjust nutrient allocations to both eggs JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY English Article Carbon-13; Nitrogen-15; Nutrient-allocation modelling; Stable isotopes; Reproduction CAPITAL BREEDERS; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SIZE VARIATION; STABLE-CARBON; REPRODUCTION; QUALITY; BIRDS; AGE; TURNOVER How individuals allocate resources to reproduction is a fundamental concept in animal life history theory. While it is crucial to quantify the relative allocation of somatic reserves to reproduction by avian females; variation at the individual and intra-clutch level has generally been neglected. We investigated nutrient allocation to eggs of little penguins (Eudyptula minor, Forster, 1781) using automated body-mass recording and natural delta C-13 and delta N-15 values for plasma and blood cells of incubating females, and down feathers of their chicks. Further, we evaluated the role of female age (a proxy for experience or senescence) and condition as drivers of individual strategies within this population. Little penguins increased their body masses during a short period prior the onset of reproduction, suggesting that they were accumulating resources to cope with reproductive requirements. Estimated endogenous contribution to eggs was relatively low (similar to 20%), and female age was revealed as a major factor modulating individual variations in resource allocation strategies. Older females accumulated larger amounts of reserves before laying (up to 40% body mass increases) and relied more on endogenous resources (up to 45%) for clutch production than younger females. Our findings suggest that females were able to adjust their endogenous investment between their two chicks, with somatic reserve inputs to heavier siblings showing a bimodal distribution (mean +/- SD; 16.7 +/- 5.9% and 36.5 +/- 4.4%) that contrasted with the unimodal distribution observed for lighter siblings (17.8 +/- 8.7%). Here, we provide evidence pointing to age and age-related changes as major factors modulating individual decisions on the amount of somatic reserves allocated to eggs. We additionally identified two distinct allocation strategies at the intra-clutch level that may favour siblings with greater chances to fledge, revealing a novel clutch size reduction strategy in seabirds that produce two eggs of similar size but involving a differential nutrient investment in eggs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Ramirez, Francisco; Forero, Manuela G.] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Dept Conservat Biol, Seville 41092, Spain; [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Chiaradia, Andre] Phillip Isl Nat Pk, Res Dept, Cowes, Vic 3922, Australia Ramirez, F (reprint author), CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Dept Conservat Biol, Avda Americo Vespucio S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. ramirez@ebd.csic.es CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Ramirez, Francisco/I-3553-2014 CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Ramirez, Francisco/0000-0001-9670-486X; Chiaradia, Andre/0000-0002-6178-4211 Penguin Foundation; Junta Andalucia; European Union Research Fund [FP7-REGPOT-2010-1]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia de Espana [CGL 2006-278999-E/BOS]; Canal Sur TV We are thankful for several grants received to support this collaborative research: Penguin Foundation, Junta Andalucia, European Union Research Fund, (FP7-REGPOT-2010-1) Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia de Espana (CGL 2006-278999-E/BOS) and Canal Sur TV. We also thank the Phillip Island Nature Parks for their continued support, in particular Peter Dann, Marcus Salton, Leanne Renwick and all people who helped in the field. The Australian Antarctic Division, in particular Knowles Kerry and Kym Newbery kindly provided and supported the automated penguin monitoring system over the years. The project was approved by the Phillip Island Nature Park Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee and by the Department of Sustainability and Environment of Victoria, Australia. Thanks to Ricardo Alvarez, Susana Carrasco and Maria Dolores Rubio for their help during stable isotope analysis. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 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Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. JUL 2015 468 91 96 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.03.020 6 Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology CJ8SR WOS:000355774300011 2018-11-12 J Kokkonen, E; Vainikka, A; Heikinheimo, O Kokkonen, Eevi; Vainikka, Anssi; Heikinheimo, Outi Probabilistic maturation reaction norm trends reveal decreased size and age at maturation in an intensively harvested stock of pikeperch Sander lucioperca FISHERIES RESEARCH English Article Fishing-induced evolution; Sander lucioperca; PMRN; Maturation; Baltic Sea LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; EXPLOITED FISH STOCKS; ATLANTIC COD; POECILIA-RETICULATA; RAPID EVOLUTION; ARCHIPELAGO SEA; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION Reports of fishing-induced evolution in the maturation schedules of commercially exploited marine fishes are numerous and are alarming. Here, we analysed the probabilistic maturation reaction norms for a freshwater fish species, the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), to assess whether the maturation patterns of cohorts 1993-2006 responded to intensive coastal commercial and recreational fishing in the Archipelago Sea area of the Baltic Sea. Lp(50) values estimated using individual data from catch samples revealed that maturation had shifted towards an earlier age and smaller size. Lengths-at-age showed variation, but no linear trends, whereas the condition factor decreased for most of the age groups. Cross-correlation analysis of Lp(50) values with variables describing stock size (potential social effects on maturation) and water temperature revealed no obvious growth-independent effects on the maturation trends. This suggests that fishing, in line with the life-history theory, was the most important driving factor favouring early maturation. These results suggest that fishing-induced shifts in the maturation patterns of fish are nearly ubiquitous and not limited to commercially harvested marine species. This calls for increased awareness of fishing-induced life-history changes also in coastal and inland fisheries management. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Kokkonen, Eevi; Heikinheimo, Outi] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; [Vainikka, Anssi] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland Heikinheimo, O (reprint author), Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Viikinkaari 4, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland. eevisule@gmail.com; anssi.vainikka@uef.fi; outi.heikinheimo@luke.fi Vainikka, Anssi/0000-0002-0172-5615 EU Data Collection Framework The pikeperch samples from commercial catches were collected by several field workers and researchers from the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute (at present Natural Resources Institute Finland). We wish to thank all of them, and the fishermen who participated in the research by allowing sampling from their catches. Karl Sundman was responsible for the age determination of the pikeperch. We also thank Mikko Heino and an anonymous referee for their constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript and Roy Siddall for checking the language. The sampling was partly financed by the EU Data Collection Framework. 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JUL 2015 167 1 12 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.01.009 12 Fisheries Fisheries CH0VO WOS:000353740700001 2018-11-12 J Lang, A Lang, Andras Borderline Personality Organization predicts Machiavellian interpersonal tactics PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Machiavellianism; Borderline Personality Organization; Fear of fusion; Primitive defenses; Diffuse identity; Life History Theory DARK TRIAD; DISORDER; LIFE; PSYCHOPATHY; IDENTITY; STRATEGY; PEOPLE Despite the phenomenological (e.g., manipulativeness) and dynamic (i.e., emotion dysregulation) analogies between Machiavellianism and Borderline Personality Organization (BPO), the relationship between these constructs has not yet been investigated. In our study, 225 non-clinical, non-student adults (130 females; 32.33 +/- 5.42 years of age on average) completed measures of BPO and Machiavellianism. Results showed that Machiavellian personality traits were positively correlated with fear of fusion, diffuse identity, and use of primitive defenses. Machiavellianism, in general, and Machiavellian interpersonal tactics were predicted by fear of fusion and use of primitive defenses. Results are discussed from the perspective of Life History Theory. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary Lang, A (reprint author), Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, Ifjusag Str 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. andraslang@hotmail.com European Union; State of Hungary; European Social Fund [TAMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001] This research was supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary, co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TAMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001 'National Excellence Program'. 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Individ. Differ. JUL 2015 80 28 31 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.022 4 Psychology, Social Psychology CE7RC WOS:000352038500006 2018-11-12 J Richerson, K; Watters, GM; Santora, JA; Schroeder, ID; Mangel, M Richerson, Kate; Watters, George M.; Santora, Jarrod A.; Schroeder, Isaac D.; Mangel, Marc More than passive drifters: a stochastic dynamic model for the movement of Antarctic krill MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES English Article Euphausia superba; Behavior; Stochastic dynamic programming; Management; Advection; Southern Ocean SCALE MANAGEMENT UNITS; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SCOTIA SEA; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN KRILL Antarctic krill Euphausia superba are a key part of the marine food web and are the target of the largest fishery in the Southern Ocean. Although ecosystem and management models typically assume that krill are passive drifters, their relatively large size and strong swimming ability suggest that the active movement of krill may play an important role in their spatial distribution. Thus, active swimming behavior by krill may influence spatial structure of food web interactions (e.g. feeding behavior of seabirds and marine mammals) and regional commercial fishery activity. The objective of this work was to model the potential for active movement to affect krill distribution, and consequently growth, reproductive success, and survival. We used state-dependent life history theory, implemented by stochastic dynamic programming, in combination with spatial information on food availability, current velocity, temperature, and predation risk, to predict krill swimming behavior near the northern Antarctic Peninsula. We found that including active krill behavior resulted in distribution patterns that are associated with increased survival, growth, and reproductive success compared to a model that treats krill as passive drifters. The expected reproductive success of actively behaving krill was about 70% greater than that of passively diffusing krill, suggesting that there are strong selective pressures for active behavior along oceanic drift trajectories. This modeling framework will benefit assessments of new catch limits as krill fishing grounds are partitioned into smaller spatial management units. [Richerson, Kate] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Richerson, Kate; Santora, Jarrod A.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Watters, George M.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA; [Schroeder, Isaac D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA Fisheries, Environm Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA; [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-9020 Bergen, Norway Richerson, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. krichers@ucsc.edu NSF; Center for Stock Assessment Research; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; UC Santa Cruz This work was partially supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to K.R. and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a training program between the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and UC Santa Cruz. 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JUN 8 2015 529 35 48 10.3354/meps11324 14 Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography CK2WU WOS:000356076000003 2018-11-12 J Zhang, JG; Reid, SA; Xu, J Zhang, Jinguang; Reid, Scott A.; Xu, Jing Predicting Attitudes toward Press- and Speech Freedom across the USA: A Test of Climato-Economic, Parasite Stress, and Life History Theories PLOS ONE English Article BEHAVIORAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; STATE-LEVEL VARIATION; FAMILY TIES; POLITICAL CONSERVATISM; PATHOGEN PREVALENCE; CHILD MALTREATMENT; DISEASE-AVOIDANCE; UNITED-STATES; CENSORSHIP; STRATEGIES National surveys reveal notable individual differences in U.S. citizens' attitudes toward freedom of expression, including freedom of the press and speech. Recent theoretical developments and empirical findings suggest that ecological factors impact censorship attitudes in addition to individual difference variables (e.g., education, conservatism), but no research has compared the explanatory power of prominent ecological theories. This study tested climato-economic, parasite stress, and life history theories using four measures of attitudes toward censoring the press and offensive speech obtained from two national surveys in the U.S.A. Neither climate demands nor its interaction with state wealth-two key variables for climato-economic theory-predicted any of the four outcome measures. Interstate parasite stress significantly predicted two, with a marginally significant effect on the third, but the effects became non-significant when the analyses were stratified for race (as a control for extrinsic risks). Teenage birth rates (a proxy of human life history) significantly predicted attitudes toward press freedom during wartime, but the effect was the opposite of what life history theory predicted. While none of the three theories provided a fully successful explanation of individual differences in attitudes toward freedom of expression, parasite stress and life history theories do show potentials. Future research should continue examining the impact of these ecological factors on human psychology by further specifying the mechanisms and developing better measures for those theories. [Zhang, Jinguang] Univ Hawaii, Dept Communicol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; [Reid, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Commun, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Xu, Jing] Univ So Calif, Annenberg Sch Commun, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA Zhang, JG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Communicol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. jzhang6@hawaii.edu UCSB Open Access Fund Pilot Publication of the manuscript will be supported by the UCSB Open Access Fund Pilot. 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TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS English Article general factor of intelligence; general factor of personality; heritability; mutation-selection balance; life history theory; twins DIFFERENTIATION-INTEGRATION EFFORT; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; INVENTORIES; HERITABILITY; MODELS; TWIN We tested a hypothesis that there is no genetic correlation between general factors of intelligence and personality, despite both having been selected for in human evolution. This was done using twin samples from Australia, the United States, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Croatia, comprising altogether 1,748 monozygotic and 1,329 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Although parameters in the model-fitting differed among the twin samples, the genetic correlation between the two general factors could be set to zero, with a better fit if the U.S. sample was excepted. 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JUN 2015 18 3 234 242 10.1017/thg.2015.28 9 Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology CJ2BC WOS:000355288200002 25991074 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Charpentier, A Charpentier, Anne Insights from life history theory for an explicit treatment of trade-offs in conservation biology CONSERVATION BIOLOGY English Article biodiversity; life history traits; multi-objective optimization; Pareto optimal front; trade-off shape; biodiversidad; caracteristicas de la historia de vida; forma de las compensaciones; frente optimo Pareto; optimizacion multi-objetiva AGRICULTURE INCREASES YIELDS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DECISION-MAKING; PHENOTYPE SPACE; FOOD-PRODUCTION; OFFSPRING SIZE; SOUTH-AFRICA; LAND-USE As economic and social contexts become more embedded within biodiversity conservation, it becomes obvious that resources are a limiting factor in conservation. This recognition is leading conservation scientists and practitioners to increasingly frame conservation decisions as trade-offs between conflicting societal objectives. However, this framing is all too often done in an intuitive way, rather than by addressing trade-offs explicitly. In contrast, the concept of trade-off is a keystone in evolutionary biology, where it has been investigated extensively. I argue that insights from evolutionary theory can provide methodological and theoretical support to evaluating and quantifying trade-offs in biodiversity conservation. I reviewed the diverse ways in which trade-offs have emerged within the context of conservation and how advances from evolutionary theory can help avoid the main pitfalls of an implicit approach. When studying both evolutionary trade-offs (e.g., reproduction vs. survival) and conservation trade-offs (e.g., biodiversity conservation vs. agriculture), it is crucial to correctly identify the limiting resource, hold constant the amount of this resource when comparing different scenarios, and choose appropriate metrics to quantify the extent to which the objectives have been achieved. Insights from studies in evolutionary theory also reveal how an inadequate selection of conservation solutions may result from considering suboptimal rather than optional solutions when examining whether a trade-off exits between 2 objectives. Furthermore, the shape of a trade-off curve (i.e., whether the relationship between 2 objectives follows a concave, convex, or linear form) is known to affect crucially the definition of optimal solutions in evolutionary biology and very likely affects decisions in biodiversity conservation planning too. This interface between evolutionary biology and biodiversity conservation can therefore provide methodological guidance to support decision makers in the difficult task of choosing among conservation solutions. Percepciones de la Teoria de Historia de Vida para una Tratamiento Explicito de las Compensaciones en la Biologia de la Conservacion ResumenA la vez que los contextos economicos y sociales se involucran mas en la conservacion de la biodiversidad, se vuelve obvio que los recursos son un factor limitante en la conservacion. Este reconocimiento esta llevando a los cientificos de la conservacion y a quienes la practican a enmarcar frecuentemente a las decisiones de conservacion como compensaciones entre objetivos sociales en conflicto. Sin embargo, esto suele hacerse de manera intuitiva, en lugar de dirigirse explicitamente a las compensaciones. En contraste, el concepto de compensacion es una piedra angular en la biologia evolutiva, en donde se ha investigado extensivamente. En este articulo discuto que las percepciones de la teoria evolutiva pueden proporcionar apoyo teoretico y metodologico a la evaluacion y cuantificacion de las compensaciones en la conservacion de la biodiversidad. Revise las diversas formas en las que las compensaciones han emergido dentro del contexto de la conservacion y como los avances de la teoria evolutiva pueden ayudar a evitar las principales dificultades de un enfoque implicito. Al estudiar las compensaciones evolutivas (p. ej.: reproduccion vs. supervivencia) y las compensaciones de conservacion (p. ej.: conservacion de la biodiversidad vs. agricultura), es importante identificar correctamente al recurso limitante, mantener como constante el aumento de este recurso al compararlo con escenarios diferentes y elegir las medidas apropiadas para cuantificar el alcance al que se han logrado los objetivos. Las percepciones de estudios de la teoria evolutiva tambien revelan como una seleccion no adecuada de soluciones de conservacion puede resultar de considerar soluciones sub-optimas en lugar de soluciones opcionales al examinar si las compensaciones salen de entre dos objetivos. Ademas, se sabe que la forma de la curva de compensacion (es decir, si la relacion entre dos objetivos sigue una forma concava, convexa o lineal) afecta crucialmente la definicion de las soluciones optimas en la biologia evolutiva y muy probablemente tambien afecte a las decisiones en la planeacion de la biologia de la conservacion. Esta interconexion entre la biologia evolutiva y la conservacion de la biodiversidad puede proporcionarnos asi una guia metodologica que apoye a quienes toman las decisiones en la dificil labor de elegir entre las soluciones de conservacion. 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JUN 2015 29 3 738 747 10.1111/cobi.12442 10 Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology CI1CD WOS:000354477300014 25580848 2018-11-12 J Casagrande, S; Pinxten, R; Zaid, E; Eens, M Casagrande, Stefania; Pinxten, Rianne; Zaid, Erika; Eens, Marcel Birds receiving extra carotenoids keep singing during the sickness phase induced by inflammation BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Article Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Dietary carotenoid; Lutein; Birdsong; Sickness behaviour; Bacterial infection; Acute phase response; Fitness-related traits MALE EUROPEAN STARLINGS; GALLUS-GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; LIFE-HISTORY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ZEBRA FINCHES; TESTOSTERONE TREATMENT; PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; DIETARY LUTEIN Life history theory predicts that individuals have to trade-off resources between diverse energy-demanding activities, such as mounting an immune response and performing advertisement behaviour. The availability of immunomodulatory micronutrients can affect this trade-off. Carotenoids can upregulate both the humoral and cell-mediated immune response, but little is known about their effect on behavioural traits during the sickness phase induced by a common inflammation. To investigate whether dietary carotenoids can mitigate the severity of the sickness syndrome and promote fitness-related traits, we studied how the song rate of captive male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Linnaeus 1758) receiving dietary carotenoids and coping with a challenge (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) mimicking a bacterial infection varied during the sickness phase and the subsequent recovery phase. We found that birds not provisioned with carotenoids and injected with LPS sang less than control birds during the sickness phase, but not during the recovery phase. Conversely, birds provided access to a carotenoid-enriched diet never decreased their song rate. Our results show that immune-challenged birds have to trade-off between mounting an immune response and advertising only when their access to dietary carotenoids is limited. No differences in song rate were observed between treatments during the recovery phase. Our study is the first to investigate the role of dietary carotenoids on a behavioural syndrome-like sickness and to show that providing a carotenoid-rich diet can alleviate the social costs associated with the occurrence of an inflammation. [Casagrande, Stefania; Pinxten, Rianne; Zaid, Erika; Eens, Marcel] Univ Antwerp, Ethol Grp, Dept Biol, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; [Pinxten, Rianne] Univ Antwerp, Res Unit Didact, Inst Educ & Informat Sci, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Casagrande, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Ethol Grp, Dept Biol, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. scasagrande@orn.mpg.de FWO [05-05-1.2.205.13 N]; University of Antwerp (TOPBOF); FWO-Flanders; Erasmus Placement Program The authors are very grateful to Peter Scheys and Geert Eens for their engagement in many steps of the experiment and for solving several logistic issues. We extend our gratitude to Randy K. Janey and Josie Meaney-Ward for providing us a language revision of the text. SC was supported by a FWO postdoctoral Pegasus Marie Curie Fellowship (grant 05-05-1.2.205.13 N). RP and ME were supported by the University of Antwerp (TOPBOF) and FWO-Flanders. EZ was supported by an Erasmus Placement Program. 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Bridging the Gap: Fertility Timing in the United States, Effective Public Policy, and Prevention Design SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY English Article Teen pregnancy prevention; Sex education; Social inequality; Health disparities; Fertility timing; Adaptive response; Standpoint theory; Bioecological theory; Life history theory; Evolutionarily informed feminist perspective ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; TEENAGE CHILDBEARING; RISK; HEALTH; ABSTINENCE; FAMILIES; FUTURE; SEX This paper takes an ecologically articulated approach to understanding public policy and early fertility timing prevention and proposes that early fertility timing is an adaptive response to environmental constraints such as economic and social inequality. The use of an evolutionarily and environmentally informed feminist perspective presents a better approach to understanding earlier fertility timing and designing prevention programs that address the contexts to which individuals adaptively respond by engaging in behavior that our society deems to be "risky." This paper documents the major correlates to earlier fertility timing, poverty, and health status within context and suggests that the targets of prevention programs should not only include individual adolescent behavior but also consider their contextual circumstances. Using this knowledge, prevention strategists can design more effective early fertility timing prevention programs. 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Here, we provide the necessary background for readers, authors and reviewers, including a brief history of the use of meta-analysis in fisheries, an overview of common model types and distinctions, and examples of different goals that can be achieved using meta-analysis. We outline the primary challenges in implementing meta-analyses, including difficulties in discriminating between alternative hypotheses that can explain the data with equal plausibility, the importance of validating results using multiple lines of evidence, the trade-off between complexity and sample size and problems associated with the use of model output. For each of these challenges, we also provide suggestions, such as the use of propensity scores for dealing with selection bias and the use of covariates to control for confounding effects. These challenges are then illustrated with examples from diverse subfields of fisheries, including (i) the analysis of the stock-recruit relationship, (ii) fisheries management, rebuilding and population viability, (iii) habitat-specific vital rates, (iv) life-history theory and (v) the evaluation of marine reserves. We conclude with our reasons for believing that meta-analysis will continue to grow in importance for these and many other research goals in fisheries science and argue that standards of practice are therefore essential. [Thorson, James T.; Cope, Jason M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA; [Kleisner, Kristin M.] Univ British Columbia, Sea Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Shelton, Andrew O.; Ward, Eric J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. James.Thorson@noaa.gov Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 Sea Around Us project; University of British Columbia; Pew Environment Group and Conservation International The authors are grateful for many discussions with colleagues that contributed to the quality of this work, including helpful advice from J. Hastie, M. McClure, and W. Satterthwaite. K. 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Fish. JUN 2015 16 2 342 361 10.1111/faf.12061 20 Fisheries Fisheries CF4QT WOS:000352536200009 2018-11-12 J Li, NP; Lim, AJY; Tsai, MH; Jiaqing, OQ Li, Norman P.; Lim, Amy J. Y.; Tsai, Ming-Hong; Jiaqing, O. Too Materialistic to Get Married and Have Children? PLOS ONE English Article SELF-ESTEEM; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; LIFE SATISFACTION; FINANCIAL SUCCESS; AMERICAN-DREAM; SOCIAL SUPPORT; LOW FERTILITY; DARK SIDE; VALUES; ATTITUDES We developed new materials to induce a luxury mindset and activate materialistic values, and examined materialism's relationship to attitudes toward marriage and having children in Singapore. Path analyses indicated that materialistic values led to more negative attitudes toward marriage, which led to more negative attitudes toward children, which in turn led to a decreased number of children desired. Results across two studies highlight, at the individual level, the tradeoff between materialistic values and attitudes toward marriage and procreation and suggest that a consideration of psychological variables such as materialistic values may allow for a better understanding of larger-scale socioeconomic issues including low fertility rates among developed countries. We discuss implications and describe how psychological factors relating to low fertility fit within evolutionary mismatch and life history theory frameworks. [Li, Norman P.; Lim, Amy J. Y.; Tsai, Ming-Hong] Singapore Management Univ, Singapore 178902, Singapore; [Jiaqing, O.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia Li, NP (reprint author), Singapore Management Univ, Singapore 178902, Singapore. normanli@smu.edu.sg LI, Norman/F-9075-2010 LI, Norman/0000-0002-0318-1359; Li, Norman/0000-0002-4059-1613; Tsai, Ming-Hong/0000-0003-4524-2866 Singapore Management University research grant from the Ministry of Education Academic Research Tier 1 [C242/MSS13S004] This research was supported by a Singapore Management University research grant, #C242/MSS13S004, from the Ministry of Education Academic Research Tier 1 (http://www.moe.gov.sg), awarded to NPL. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Senescence patterns are highly variable among species and current evolutionary theories of ageing propose that such variation can be accounted for by differences in allocation to growth and reproduction during early life. Here, we compiled 26 studies of free-ranging vertebrate populations that explicitly tested for a trade-off between performance in early and late life. Our review brings overall support for the presence of early-late life trade-offs, suggesting that the limitation of available resources leads individuals to trade somatic maintenance later in life for high allocation to reproduction early in life. We discuss our results in the light of two closely related theories of ageing-the disposable soma and the antagonistic pleiotropy theories-and propose that the principle of energy allocation roots the ageing process in the evolution of life-history strategies. Finally, we outline research topics that should be investigated in future studies, including the importance of natal environmental conditions in the study of trade-offs between early-and late-life performance and the evolution of sex-differences in ageing patterns. [Lemaitre, Jean-Francois] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France Lemaitre, JF (reprint author), Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France. jean-francois.lemaitre@univ-lyon1.fr Gamelon, Marlene/0000-0002-9433-2369; Bonenfant, Christophe/0000-0002-9924-419X Fyssen Foundation, Paris; Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB); French Ministry of Higher Education and Research; French National Agency for Wildlife (ONCFS) J.F.L. was supported by a post-doctoral grant from the Fyssen Foundation, Paris, and a research grant from the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB). V.B., M.D. and F.P. were funded by a PhD scholarship from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. M.G. was supported by a grant from the French National Agency for Wildlife (ONCFS). 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MAY 7 2015 282 1806 UNSP 20150209 10.1098/rspb.2015.0209 10 Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology CG5RG WOS:000353351000023 25833848 Bronze, Green Published Y N 2018-11-12 J Sol, D; Maspons, J Sol, Daniel; Maspons, Joan Integrating behavior into life-history theory: a comment on Wong and Candolin BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY English Editorial Material [Sol, Daniel; Maspons, Joan] CREAF Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; [Sol, Daniel] CSIC Spanish Natl Res Council, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain Sol, D (reprint author), CREAF Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, Sci Bldg,Campus,Autonomous Univ Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain. d.sol@creaf.uab.cat Maspons, Joan/D-3814-2014 Maspons, Joan/0000-0003-2286-8727; Sol, Daniel/0000-0001-6346-6949 Saether BE, 2013, AM NAT, V182, P743, DOI 10.1086/673497; Snell-Rood EC, 2013, ANIM BEHAV, V85, P1004, DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.031; SOL D, 2009, COGNITIVE ECOLOGY, V2, P111; Sol D, 2012, SCIENCE, V337, P580, DOI 10.1126/science.1221523; Wong BBM, 2015, BEHAV ECOL, V26, P665, DOI 10.1093/beheco/aru183 5 3 3 4 7 OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC CARY JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA 1045-2249 1465-7279 BEHAV ECOL Behav. Ecol. MAY-JUN 2015 26 3 677 678 10.1093/beheco/arv025 3 Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology CK9UN WOS:000356585100005 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Wegmann, M; Voegeli, B; Richner, H Wegmann, Michele; Voegeli, Beatrice; Richner, Heinz Oxidative status and reproductive effort of great tits in a handicapping experiment BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY English Article age dependence; great tits; handicapping manipulation; life-history trade-offs; oxidative status LONG-LIVED BIRD; LIFE-HISTORY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PARUS-MAJOR; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; FALCO-TINNUNCULUS; BODY CONDITION; ZEBRA FINCHES; TREE SWALLOWS; TRADE-OFFS Life-history theory predicts a trade-off for allocation of limited resources to reproduction and self-maintenance; however, many of the underlying physiological mechanisms remain elusive. There is growing evidence for oxidative stress to play an essential role in this trade-off because some by-products from the immune system and from normal metabolism generate reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative damage. We manipulated reproductive effort of male and female great tits shortly before reproduction by clipping feathers of either the male or female parent of pairs of known age, given that parental effort may differ between the sexes and change over the lifetime of an individual. We quantified the effect of the treatment on morphological, physiological, behavioral, and reproductive traits. We found that feather clipping led to a decrease in parental body mass and to a reduced clutch size. Nestlings raised by clipped fathers showed reduced body mass although feeding rate was equally high between clipped and control individuals. In contrast to our predictions, we found that the feather clipping did not affect oxidative status. However, independently of the treatment, adult males had higher antioxidant capacity than females and older males showed higher oxidative damage compared with yearlings. Thus, our results suggest that the self-maintenance was prioritized over reproduction. It suggests that males are more susceptible to increased workload than females and thus more likely to reduce allocation of resources to reproduction. [Wegmann, Michele; Voegeli, Beatrice; Richner, Heinz] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Ecol Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Wegmann, M (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Ecol Lab, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. michele.wegmann@gmail.com Richner, Heinz/B-1659-2008 Richner, Heinz/0000-0001-7390-0526 Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A_122566] This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_122566 to H.R.). 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MAY-JUN 2015 26 3 747 754 10.1093/beheco/arv006 8 Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology CK9UN WOS:000356585100015 Green Published, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Liefting, M; van Grunsven, RHA; Morrissey, MB; Timmermans, MJTN; Ellers, J Liefting, M.; van Grunsven, R. H. A.; Morrissey, M. B.; Timmermans, M. J. T. N.; Ellers, J. Interplay of robustness and plasticity of life-history traits drives ecotypic differentiation in thermally distinct habitats JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article ecotype-specific; inflation of variance; life-history theory; Orchesella cincta; phenotypic plasticity; random regression mixed model; reaction norm; temperature ORCHESELLA-CINCTA COLLEMBOLA; WILD BIRD POPULATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REACTION NORMS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL CANALIZATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INDETERMINATE GROWTH; SOIL ARTHROPOD; EVOLUTION Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of an individual to alter its phenotype in response to the environment and is potentially adaptive when dealing with environmental variation. However, robustness in the face of a changing environment may often be beneficial for traits that are tightly linked to fitness. We hypothesized that robustness of some traits may depend on specific patterns of plasticity within and among other traits. We used a reaction norm approach to study robustness and phenotypic plasticity of three life-history traits of the collembolan Orchesella cincta in environments with different thermal regimes. We measured adult mass, age at maturity and growth rate of males and females from heath and forest habitats at two temperatures (12 and 22 degrees C). We found evidence for ecotype-specific robustness of female adult mass to temperature, with a higher level of robustness in the heath ecotype. This robustness is facilitated by plastic adjustments of growth rate and age at maturity. Furthermore, female fecundity is strongly influenced by female adult mass, explaining the importance of realizing a high mass across temperatures for females. These findings indicate that different predicted outcomes of life-history theory can be combined within one species' ontogeny and that models describing life-history strategies should not assume that traits like growth rate are maximized under all conditions. On a methodological note, we report a systematic inflation of variation when standard deviations and correlation coefficients are calculated from family means as opposed to individual data within a family structure. [Liefting, M.; Ellers, J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Anim Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [van Grunsven, R. H. A.] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Nat Conservat & Plant Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Morrissey, M. B.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland; [Timmermans, M. J. T. N.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England; [Timmermans, M. J. T. N.] Middlesex Univ, Dept Nat Sci, London N17 8HR, England; [Timmermans, M. J. T. N.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, London, England Liefting, M (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Anim Ecol, Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. m.liefting@vu.nl Morrissey, Michael/F-3226-2010; Ellers, Jacintha/K-5823-2012; Liefting, Maartje/G-3383-2017 Morrissey, Michael/0000-0001-6209-0177; Ellers, Jacintha/0000-0003-2665-1971; Liefting, Maartje/0000-0002-1929-8201; van Grunsven, Roy/0000-0001-8873-1024 Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, VIDI [864.03.003]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, VICI [865.12.003]; Royal Society (London) We thank Janine Marien for assisting molecular analyses on microsatellite markers and Miriam Leon Paumen of the University of Amsterdam for help with software analyses. Gerard Driessen and Ciska Braam helped during the long-term spermatophore transplant experiments. JE and ML were supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, VIDI Grant No. 864.03.003 and VICI Grant No. 865.12.003. MBM was supported by a University Research Fellowship from the Royal Society (London). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. 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Evol. Biol. MAY 2015 28 5 1057 1066 10.1111/jeb.12629 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity CI8HQ WOS:000355012700007 25818389 Bronze 2018-11-12 J von Kuerthy, C; Tschirren, L; Taborsky, M von Kuerthy, Corinna; Tschirren, Linda; Taborsky, Michael Alternative reproductive tactics in snail shell-brooding cichlids diverge in energy reserve allocation ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION English Article Bourgeois males; capital and income breeding; energy allocation; fixed and plastic parasitic tactics; reserves; storage SUNFISH LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; INCOME BREEDER; EXTENDED PHENOTYPES; MATING STRATEGIES; SEXUAL SELECTION; TRADE-OFFS; FISH; SIZE; MOBILIZATION Life history theory predicts that the amount of resources allocated to reproduction should maximize an individual's lifetime reproductive success. So far, resource allocation in reproduction has been studied mainly in females. Intraspecific variation of endogenous energy storage and utilization patterns of males has received little attention, although these patterns may vary greatly between individuals pursuing alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). ARTs are characterized by systematic variation of behavioral, physiological, and often morphological traits among same-sex conspecifics. Some individuals may rely on previously accumulated reserves, because of limited foraging opportunities during reproduction. Others may be able to continue foraging during reproduction, thus relying on reserves to a lesser extent. We therefore predicted that, if male tactics involve such divergent limitations and trade-offs within a species, ARTs should correspondingly differ in energy reserve allocation and utilization. To test this prediction, we studied short-term and long-term reserve storage patterns of males in the shell-brooding cichlid Lamprologus callipterus. In this species, bourgeois males investing in territory defense, courtship, and guarding of broods coexist with two distinct parasitic male tactics: (1) opportunistic sneaker males attempting to fertilize eggs by releasing sperm into the shell opening when a female is spawning; and (2) specialized dwarf males attempting to enter the shell past the spawning female to fertilize eggs from inside the shell. Sneaker males differed from other male types by showing the highest amount of accumulated short-term and long-term fat stores, apparently anticipating their upcoming adoption of the nest male status. In contrast, nest males depleted previously accumulated energy reserves with increasing nest holding period, as they invest heavily into costly reproductive behaviors while not taking up any food. This conforms to a capital breeder strategy. Dwarf males did not accumulate long-term fat stores at all, which they can afford due to their small behavioral effort during reproduction and their continued feeding activity, conforming to an income breeder strategy. Our data confirm that the resource storage patterns of males pursuing ARTs can diverge substantially, which adds to our understanding of the coexistence and maintenance of alternative reproductive patterns within species. [von Kuerthy, Corinna; Tschirren, Linda; Taborsky, Michael] Univ Bern, Behav Ecol, Inst Ecol & Evolut, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland von Kuerthy, C (reprint author), Univ Bern, Behav Ecol, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Wohlenstr 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland. corinna.vonkuerthy@iee.unibe.ch Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A_122511, 310030B_138660] This study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (project grants/31003A_122511 and 310030B_138660 to MT). 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Evol. MAY 2015 5 10 2060 2069 10.1002/ece3.1495 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology CI5QC WOS:000354812500011 26045956 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Sekiyama, M; Roosita, K; Ohtsuka, R Sekiyama, Makiko; Roosita, Katrin; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Developmental Stage-dependent Influence of Environmental Factors on Growth of Rural Sundanese Children in West Java, Indonesia AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY English Article child growth; IGF-I; IGFBP-3; dietary intake; anemia; helminthiasis; Indonesia IGF-BINDING PROTEIN-3; DAILY IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; FACTOR-I; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; INTESTINAL HELMINTH; REFERENCE VALUES; FACTOR (IGF)-I; BONE TURNOVER This study investigated the growth trajectories and the relative relevance levels of nutrition, disease, and hormonal status at various developmental stages among children in adverse environments to provide population-based empirical evidence for the life history theory. Three years of longitudinal anthropometric data in 1-year intervals were obtained from 418 boys and girls aged 0 to 12 years at recruitment. Following the final measurement, the main survey, which included blood and feces sampling, 3-h interval food consumption recall surveys for energy and nutrient intakes and anthropometry, was performed. Blood and feces were used for detecting, respectively, anemia and hormonal (IGF-I and IGFBP-3) levels as well as intestinal helminthiasis (Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm). The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1) the growth velocity of the subject children lagged behind international standards during childhood and juvenility but caught up during early adolescence; 2) diseases, both intestinal helminths and anemia, had significant effects on growth in childhood but not at older ages; and 3) hormonal status significantly affected growth in the children, with its highest significance in early adolescence. A larger growth than international standards in early adolescence likely follows programmed hormonal mechanisms after the onset of puberty. The onset of puberty might be associated with adequate amounts of nutrient intake and be mediated by hormonal function, because the IGF-IZ score was significantly correlated with energy and protein intakes at the transitional period from juvenility to adolescence, when puberty occurs. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:94-106, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [Sekiyama, Makiko] Univ Tokyo, GPSS, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778563, Japan; [Roosita, Katrin] Bogor Agr Univ, Fac Human Ecol, Dept Community Nutr, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; [Ohtsuka, Ryutaro] Japan Wildlife Res Ctr, Tokyo 1308606, Japan Sekiyama, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, GPSS, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778563, Japan. sekiyama@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant sponsor: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Core University Program between The University of Tokyo and Bogor Agricultural University. 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S., 1981, PRACTICAL HUMAN BIOL; WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group, 2006, WHO CHILD GROWTH STA; WHO Working Group, 1987, WHO TECHNICAL REPORT, V749; World Health Organization (WHO), 2001, IR DEF AN ASS PREV C; Xuefan SS, 2010, ENDOCR J, V57, P221, DOI 10.1507/endocrj.K09E-200 68 4 4 0 9 WILEY HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA 0002-9483 1096-8644 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. MAY 2015 157 1 94 106 10.1002/ajpa.22692 13 Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology CG6MA WOS:000353414000008 25641623 2018-11-12 J East, ML; Otto, E; Helms, J; Thierer, D; Cable, J; Hofer, H East, Marion L.; Otto, Ellen; Helms, Janine; Thierer, Dagmar; Cable, Joanne; Hofer, Heribert Does lactation lead to resource allocation trade-offs in the spotted hyaena? BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY English Article Resource trade-off; Lactation; Immunity; Concurrent infection; Litter size FEMALE-DOMINATED SOCIETY; COMMUTING SYSTEM; MIGRATORY PREY; PREDATOR COPES; IMMUNE FUNCTIONS; LONG-TERM; REPRODUCTION; INFECTION; PARASITE; COSTS Life history theory predicts that when food intake and body reserves are insufficient to maintain all life processes, resource allocation trade-offs should occur. Lactation is costly and requires increased food intake. In spotted hyaenas, energy expenditure on lactation is high, particularly for mothers rearing twin litters, and foraging effort and food intake are influenced by social status. We investigated whether lactation in this species results in a reduction in resource allocation to immune processes sufficient to increase parasite infection. We expected higher parasite infection in lactating than non-lactating females, in mothers nursing twin than singleton litters, in females of lower than higher social status and in less than more experienced foragers. We quantified Ancylostoma egg load (AEL) and the presence of oocysts of Cystoisospora spp. as a proxy measure of immune function in 58 females. Lactating females were significantly more often infected with Ancylostoma, and their AEL was higher than in non-lactating females. Females nursing twins had significantly higher AELs than those nursing singletons. As social status increased, AELs significantly declined. This relationship was modulated by lactation status and litter size, being strongest in non-lactating females, moderate in females with twin litters and weakest in females with singleton litters. The decrease in AEL with increasing social status was greater for experienced than inexperienced females. Concurrent infection with Cystoisospora significantly increased with increasing AEL. Our results provide evidence for a resource allocation trade-off in lactating spotted hyaenas. 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C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Turner WC, 2012, J ANIM ECOL, V81, P58, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01892.x; Viney ME, 2005, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V20, P665, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.003; Wilhelm CL, 2014, PARASITE IMMUNOL, V36, P409, DOI 10.1111/pim.12115; Wingfield JC, 1998, AM ZOOL, V38, P191; Yee TW, 2010, J STAT SOFTW, V32, P1; Yee TW, 1996, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V58, P481; Zajac AM, 2012, VET CLIN PARASITOLOG 89 14 14 0 21 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA 0340-5443 1432-0762 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. MAY 2015 69 5 805 814 10.1007/s00265-015-1897-x 10 Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology CF7EI WOS:000352718600013 2018-11-12 J Dugas, MB; Wamelink, CN; Richards-Zawacki, CL Dugas, Matthew B.; Wamelink, Caitlin N.; Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L. Both sexes pay a cost of reproduction in a frog with biparental care BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY English Article life-history; longevity; Oophaga pumilio; parental care STRAWBERRY POISON FROG; DENDROBATES-PUMILIO; PARENTAL CARE; NEOTROPICAL FROG; SEXUAL SELECTION; BROOD CARE; TRADE-OFFS; DART FROG; BEHAVIOR; BIRDS The assumption that reproduction is costly is central to life-history theory. Good evidence supporting this premise comes from studies, mostly in short-lived invertebrates, demonstrating a negative relationship between reproduction and longevity. Whether this trade-off operates broadly, for example in males and females and in short- and long-lived organisms, remains unresolved. We found a negative relationship between reproduction and days survived in captive, wild-caught, individuals of a long-lived poison frog with biparental care (Oophaga pumilio). The proportion of time that individuals spent paired and tadpole production rate were negatively associated with days survived in both sexes, and clutch production was negatively associated with days survived in females. These results broaden the taxonomic base upon which this tenet of life-history theory is built, empirically confirm that females of this species should be choosy when selecting mates and caring for offspring, and suggest that the costs of limited' male care in this species deserve re-evaluation.(c) 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 211-218. [Dugas, Matthew B.; Wamelink, Caitlin N.; Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA Dugas, MB (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, DeGrace Hall,2080 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. matthew.b.dugas@gmail.com National Science Foundation [0701165, DEB 1146370]; University of California; Smithsonian Institution We thank the numerous people who contributed to the care of captive frogs, especially Justin Yeager. The CWRU E&E Journal Club, Michael P. Moore, P. L. Schwagmeyer and two anonymous reviewers made comments that greatly improved the quality and clarity of this manuscript. The Panamanian National Authority for the Environment provided collection and export permission. STRI (2007-17-12-15-07) and Tulane University (0382, 0382#R1) IACUCs approved all work. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (awards # 0701165, DEB 1146370), the University of California, and the Smithsonian Institution. 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J. Linnean Soc. MAY 2015 115 1 211 218 10.1111/bij.12461 8 Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology CF5XJ WOS:000352630300018 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Baughman, HM; Carter, GL; Parker, P Jonason, Peter K.; Baughman, Holly M.; Carter, Gregory L.; Parker, Phillip Dorian Gray without his portrait: Psychological, social, and physical health costs associated with the Dark Triad PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Narcissism; Psychopathy; Machiavellianism; Dark Triad; Psychosocial health LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; GENDER DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; MENTAL-HEALTH; TRAITS; PSYCHOPATHY; SUPPORT; MACHIAVELLIANISM We examined how the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) traits as different social strategies were associated with various health outcomes. In samples of American undergraduates (N = 1389), Australian high school students (N = 2023), and British undergraduates (N = 280), we examined the physical, social, and psychological costs associated with the Dark Triad traits. Narcissism was linked to few mental and physical ailments, suggesting it may provide a social buffer from negative health outcomes (Studies 1 and 2). Psychopathy (Studies 1 and 2) and Machiavellianism (Study 2) were linked to a number of psychological and physical health conditions. In addition, psychopathy was related to diminished life expectancy, whereas narcissism was related to enhanced life expectancy (Study 3). Our findings provide evidence that each of these personality traits is linked to various psychosocial tradeoffs and different methods of coping with stress and adaptive problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Individ. Differ. MAY 2015 78 5 13 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.008 9 Psychology, Social Psychology CD7CQ WOS:000351248800002 2018-11-12 J Sear, R Sear, Rebecca Evolutionary contributions to the study of human fertility POPULATION STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY English Review life history theory; human evolutionary ecology; cultural evolution; fertility; evolutionary anthropology; evolutionary demography CULTURAL NICHE CONSTRUCTION; HUMAN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; RURAL ETHIOPIA; FAMILY-SIZE Demography, lacking an overarching theoretical framework of its own, has drawn on theories in many other social sciences to inform its analyses. The aim of this paper is to bring to the demographic community's attention research in the evolutionary sciences on fertility, and to demonstrate that evolutionary theory can be another useful tool in the demographer's toolkit. I first dispel some myths which impede the incorporation of evolutionary theory into demography: I make it clear that evolutionary explanations do not assume that all human behaviour is hardwired and functions to maximize genetic fitness; that they are able to explain variation in human behaviour; and that they are not necessarily alternatives to social science explanations. I then describe the diversity of work on fertility by evolutionary researchers, particularly human evolutionary ecologists and cultural evolutionists, and illustrate the usefulness of the evolutionary approach with examples of its application to age at first birth and the fertility transition. 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Spatial or temporal variation in condition can contribute to otherwise unexplained variation in the relationship between spawning biomass and recruitment. Individual condition is also included in age-structured population models, which use weight at age to convert population estimates between numbers and biomass. However, no study has analyzed spatial and temporal variation in condition for multiple marine species. Here I apply recent improvements in spatial modeling to analyze coastwide variation in condition for 28 groundfishes in the California Current. I show that, on average, 22% of individual-level variation in condition can be explained via persistent (constant over time) and annually varying spatial differences in condition, and condition for many species varies 10 to 20% spatially and among years. While population density, bottom temperature, and calendar date are parsimonious descriptors of condition in several species, the sign of these coefficients varies, and their magnitude is small relative to the magnitude of residual spatial and temporal variation. Additionally, annually varying spatial differences have nearly twice the magnitude of persistent spatial differences in condition. I therefore conclude that dynamic habitat conditions contribute a substantial portion of variation in individual condition for these groundfishes. Spatial and temporal variation in condition will be important for population models that convert between numbers, fishery catch, and population biomass, and may also clarify unexplained variability in productivity for marine fishes. 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Ecol.-Prog. Ser. APR 22 2015 526 101 112 10.3354/meps11204 12 Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography CH9ZJ WOS:000354394900008 2018-11-12 J Behie, AM; O'Donnell, MH Behie, A. M.; O'Donnell, M. H. Prenatal smoking and age at menarche: influence of the prenatal environment on the timing of puberty HUMAN REPRODUCTION English Article menarche; smoking; prenatal exposure delayed effects; birthweight; sexual maturation CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MATERNAL SMOKING; FATHER ABSENCE; PREDICTS AGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; IN-UTERO; PREGNANCY; CHILDHOOD; EXPOSURE; OVARIAN STUDY QUESTION: Do prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking and birthweight influence age at menarche (AAM) in a cohort of Australian girls? SUMMARY ANSWER: We find that prenatal smoke exposure and lower birthweight increase the chance of earlier menarche in accordance with theoretical predictions as do confounding factors of maternal AAM and higher BMI of the girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Much prior research focuses on the role of the early childhood environment in determining AAM but fewer studies consider the role of the prenatal environment. Those studies that examine the prenatal period find an acceleration of maturation associated with maternal smoking and low birthweight. Life history theory predicts that early life exposure to stressful environments should promote more rapid maturation and that this timing can be established before birth, making the prenatal environment particularly important. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Statistical analysis of longitudinal survey data collected from a large cohort (n = 2446) of Australian children using data from birth to 12-13 years of age. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Owing to missing data, 1493 girls were included in the final analysis. Using cox regression, we examine how (i) maternal cigarette smoking during gestation and (ii) birthweight influence girls' AAM. Cox regression was used because not all girls had reached menarche. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We find that older maternal AAM (hazards ratio (HR): 0.75, confidence interval (CI) (95%): 0.71-0.79) and higher birthweight (HR: 0.86, CI (95%): 0.75-0.97) lower the chance of earlier menarche; while higher girls' BMI at 8-9 years (HR: 1.12, CI (95%): 1.10-1.15), and maternal cigarette smoking on 'most days' during gestation (HR: 1.40, CI (95%): 1.10-1.79 with 'no smoking' as the reference level) increased the chance of earlier menarche. All factors were statistically significant at P = 0.05. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Not all girls had reached menarche, necessitating the use of cox regression. As with other longitudinal studies, there was study sample attrition and some missing data, particularly in reports of maternal smoking. In addition, as the degree of bias in the missing data is unknown, possible inaccurate reporting of maternal smoking may influence the results of birthweight on AAM. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Because of the association between younger AAM and higher risk of uterine, endometrial and breast cancer development, our finding adds to the need to consider the stress caused by prenatal smoke exposure as an important health risk. In addition, this study needs to be extended, when the same girls are 14-15 years of age, and on a larger dataset from a younger cohort within the same Australian Government project. [Behie, A. M.; O'Donnell, M. 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In the current issue of PLOS Biology, Bajgar and colleagues elegantly demonstrate the energetic and life history cost of the immune response that Drosophila melanogaster larvae induce after infection by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi. These authors show that infection-induced proliferation of defensive blood cells commands a diversion of dietary carbon away from somatic growth and development, with simple sugars instead being shunted to the hematopoetic organ for rapid conversion into the raw energy required for cell proliferation. This metabolic shift results in a 15% delay in the development of the infected larva and is mediated by adenosine signaling between the hematopoietic organ and the central metabolic control organ of the host fly. The adenosine signal thus allows D. melanogaster to rapidly marshal the energy needed for effective defense and to pay the cost of immunity only when infected. 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Biol. APR 2015 13 4 e1002136 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002136 5 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics CI5UE WOS:000354824500029 25915419 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Du, B; Liu, CJ; Bao, SJ Du, Bo; Liu, Chang-Jing; Bao, Shi-Jie Begging form and growth pattern of nestlings correlate with parental food-allocation patterns in the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY English Article Eremophila alpestris; Horned Lark; sibling rivalry; parental food-allocation patterns; begging form; growth pattern SIBLING COMPETITION; NEST PREDATION; CLUTCH SIZE; GREAT TIT; LAUGHING KOOKABURRA; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; BREEDING BIOLOGY; BROOD REDUCTION; BIRDS; RIVALRY Life-history theory assumes that selection favors parents that can maximize their reproductive success via behavioral strategies. As brood size determines the reproductive value of each nestling, parents may adjust their food-allocation patterns according to brood size. We test this assumption in the Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris (L., 1758)). Our findings revealed that nestling begging forms varied with brood size, by gaping in one-chick broods and postural activity in two-and three-chick broods. Accordingly, parental food-allocation patterns differed in different-sized broods. In one-chick broods, parents increased feeding rates with the gaping duration of nestling. In two-chick broods, parents did not change food-allocation patterns according to nestlings' begging. In three-chick broods, however, they fed later-hatched nestlings more even when early-hatched nestlings begged more intensely. Horned Larks exhibited obvious sexual differences in parenting style and ability, which resulted in nestlings from two-and three-chick broods changing their begging intensity according to the sex of the provisioning adult. Furthermore, nestling growth pattern diverged with brood sizes, with body mass growing faster in one-chick broods than in two-and three-chick broods. Growth rate of beak gape and tarsus length did not differ significantly among brood sizes, but beak gape was larger and tarsus length was shorter in one-chick broods than in larger broods at fledging. Our results thus support the idea that parents may use food allocation to regulate sibling rivalry, which in turn cause nestlings to beg food in different forms and grow in different patterns so that their reproductive success can be enhanced. [Du, Bo; Liu, Chang-Jing; Bao, Shi-Jie] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Zool & Dev Biol, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China Du, B (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Zool & Dev Biol, 222 Tianshui South Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. dubo@lzu.edu.cn National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [31070346, 31370417] The financial support was provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31070346 and 31370417). We thank S. Forbes and D. Mock for their helpful suggestions on verification of scientific problems. We appreciate the improvements in English usage made by P. Lowther and D.M. Brooks through the Association of Field Ornithologists' program of editorial assistance. 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J. Zool. APR 2015 93 4 273 279 10.1139/cjz-2014-0235 7 Zoology Zoology CF0EZ WOS:000352216900004 2018-11-12 J Balbontin, J; Moller, AP Balbontin, J.; Moller, A. P. Environmental conditions during early life accelerate the rate of senescence in a short-lived passerine bird ECOLOGY English Article aging; Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica; Denmark; density dependence; domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus; early-life environment; intraspecific competition; life history theory; life span; longevity; predation risk; senescence SWALLOW HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; SEXUAL SELECTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MIGRATORY BIRD; RED DEER; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPRODUCTIVE SENESCENCE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORIES Environmental conditions experienced in early life may shape subsequent phenotypic traits including life history. We investigated how predation risk caused by domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) and local breeding density affected patterns of reproductive and survival senescence in Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) breeding semi-colonially in Denmark. We recorded the abundance of cats and the number of breeding pairs at 39 breeding sites during 24 years and related these to age-specific survival rate and reproductive senescence to test predictions of the life history theory of senescence. We found evidence for actuarial senescence for the first time in this species. Survival rate increased until reaching a plateau in midlife and then decreased later. We also found that survival rate was higher for males than females. Local breeding density or predation risk did not affect survival as predicted by theory. Barn Swallows with short lives did not invest more in reproduction in early life, inconsistent with expectations for trade-offs between reproduction and survival as theory suggests. However, we found that the rate of reproductive decline during senescence was steeper for individuals exposed to intense competition, and predation pressure accelerated the rate of reproductive senescence, but only in sites with many breeding pairs. These latter results are in accordance with one of the predictions suggested by the life history theory of aging. These results emphasize the importance of considering intraspecific competition and interspecific interactions such as predation when analyzing reproductive and actuarial senescence. [Balbontin, J.] Fac Biol, Dept Zool, E-41012 Seville, Spain; [Moller, A. P.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8079, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France Balbontin, J (reprint author), Fac Biol, Dept Zool, Edificio Verde,Avda Reina Mercedes S-N, E-41012 Seville, Spain. balbontin@us.es Balbontin, Javier/H-5932-2015 Balbontin, Javier/0000-0003-1539-2636 Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CGL2012-36665]; Andalusian government [P12-RNM-2144] We acknowledge local farmers for their help in collecting Barn Swallows killed by domestic cats. Javier Balbontin benefited from a stay at the University of Extremadura with funds provided by a research project of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2012-36665). This study also benefitted from funds provided by a research project of the Andalusian government (P12-RNM-2144). We acknowledge Chris Whelan and Miguel Ferrer for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. 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K.; Juliano, S. A. The reproductive cost of fighting an infection: an examination of Life History Theory in the mosquito INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY English Meeting Abstract Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) JAN 03-07, 2015 West Palm Beach, FL Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol [Schumacher, M. K.; Juliano, S. A.] Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61761 USA mkschum@ilstu.edu 0 0 0 0 10 OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC CARY JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA 1540-7063 1557-7023 INTEGR COMP BIOL Integr. Comp. Biol. APR 2015 55 1 P3.65 E327 E327 1 Zoology Zoology CF6HS WOS:000352658401587 2018-11-12 J Baldini, R Baldini, Ryan The Importance of Population Growth and Regulation in Human Life History Evolution PLOS ONE English Article LARGE HERBIVORES; DENSITY; DYNAMICS; RATES; INTELLIGENCE; RECRUITMENT; LONGEVITY; TRANSFERS; CONSTANT; SURVIVAL Explaining the evolution of human life history traits remains an important challenge for evolutionary anthropologists. Progress is hindered by a poor appreciation of how demographic factors affect the action of natural selection. I review life history theory showing that the quantity maximized by selection depends on whether and how population growth is regulated. I show that the common use of R, a strategy's expected lifetime number of offspring, as a fitness maximand is only appropriate under a strict set of conditions, which are apparently unappreciated by anthropologists. To concretely show how demography-free life history theory can lead to errors, I reanalyze an influential model of human life history evolution, which investigated the coevolution of a long lifespan and late age of maturity. I show that the model's conclusions do not hold under simple changes to the implicitly assumed mechanism of density dependence, even when stated assumptions remain unchanged. This analysis suggests that progress in human life history theory requires better understanding of the demography of our ancestors. Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Baldini, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. ryanbaldini@gmail.com ABRAMS PA, 1993, EVOLUTION, V47, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01241.x; Caswell H., 2001, MATRIX POPULATIONS M; Charlesworth B., 1994, EVOLUTION AGE STRUCT; CHARNOV EL, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P1134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1134; CHARNOV EL, 1986, OIKOS, V47, P129, DOI 10.2307/3566037; Charnov Eric L., 1993, P1; Eshel Ilan, 2001, P161, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511609084.006; Fowler C.W., 1987, Current Mammalogy, V1, P401; Gaillard JM, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P58, DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01237-8; Gaillard JM, 2000, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V31, P367, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.367; Hawkes K, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1336, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1336; Hill Kim, 1993, Evolutionary Anthropology, V2, P78, DOI 10.1002/evan.1360020303; Kaplan H, 2000, EVOL ANTHROPOL, V9, P156, DOI 10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4<156::AID-EVAN5>3.3.CO;2-Z; Kaplan H. 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Pubertal Timing and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Rural African American Male Youth: Testing a Model Based on Life History Theory ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR English Article At-risk populations; Environmental stress; Sexual development; Puberty; Evolution and psychology; Males EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR; DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; PARENTING PRACTICES; FATHER ABSENCE; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE Life History Theory (LHT), a branch of evolutionary biology, describes how organisms maximize their reproductive success in response to environmental conditions. This theory suggests that challenging environmental conditions will lead to early pubertal maturation, which in turn predicts heightened risky sexual behavior. Although largely confirmed among female adolescents, results with male youth are inconsistent. We tested a set of predictions based on LHT with a sample of 375 African American male youth assessed three times from age 11 to age 16. Harsh, unpredictable community environments and harsh, inconsistent, or unregulated parenting at age 11 were hypothesized to predict pubertal maturation at age 13; pubertal maturation was hypothesized to forecast risky sexual behavior, including early onset of intercourse, substance use during sexual activity, and lifetime numbers of sexual partners. Results were consistent with our hypotheses. Among African American male youth, community environments were a modest but significant predictor of pubertal timing. Among those youth with high negative emotionality, both parenting and community factors predicted pubertal timing. Pubertal timing at age 13 forecast risky sexual behavior at age 16. Results of analyses conducted to determine whether environmental effects on sexual risk behavior were mediated by pubertal timing were not significant. This suggests that, although evolutionary mechanisms may affect pubertal development via contextual influences for sensitive youth, the factors that predict sexual risk behavior depend less on pubertal maturation than LHT suggests. [Kogan, Steven M.; Cho, Junhan] Univ Georgia, Dept Human Dev & Family Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Simons, Leslie Gordon; Simons, Ronald L.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Criminol & Criminal Justice, Phoenix, AZ USA; [Allen, Kimberly A.] Florida State Univ, Family & Child Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Beach, Steven R. H.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Family Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Gibbons, Frederick X.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT USA Kogan, SM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Human Dev & Family Sci, 305 Sanford Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. smkogan@uga.edu National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH062669]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [R01 DA021898, P30 DA027827] The research described in this article was funded by grant number R01 MH062669 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Ronald L. Simons, Grant number R01 DA021898 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to Frederick X. Gibbons, and Grant number P30 DA027827 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to Gene H. Brody. 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APR 2015 44 3 609 618 10.1007/s10508-014-0410-3 10 Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics CD5UB WOS:000351152500007 25501863 Green Accepted 2018-11-12 J Chipman, A; Morrison, E Chipman, Abigail; Morrison, Edward Family Planning: Fertility and Parenting Ideals in Urban Adolescents ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR English Article Age of first birth; Life history theory; Perceived environmental risk; Grandparental investment; Adolescence REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; FATHER ABSENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; TEENAGE PREGNANCY; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-TAKING; NEIGHBORHOODS; CHILDHOOD; FUTURE; ENVIRONMENT Previous research on contemporary childbearing has identified a strong relationship between environmental conditions, such as economic deprivation, and early fertility. Less is known, however, about the social-psychological mechanisms that mediate these environmental predictors of early fertility at the individual level and the extent to which they are consistent with life history theory. The aim of this research was to determine how kin networks, mating and reproductive risk taking, discount preference, and perceptions of environmental risk predict individual differences in fertility preferences in a socioeconomically diverse sample of adolescents. Questionnaires were administered to 333 adolescents (245 female) between the ages of 13 and 19 years, attending schools in urban neighborhoods in Hampshire, United Kingdom. Individuals' subjective life expectancy and perception of their environment better predicted fertility intentions than did structural measures of environmental quality. This suggests that by the time individuals reach adolescence they are monitoring the morbidity and mortality risk of their environment and are adjusting their reproductive ideals accordingly. Levels of grandparental investment also predicted parenting preferences, suggesting cooperative breeding may play a role in reproductive decision making. There was also evidence that patterns of risk taking behaviors could be adaptive to environmental conditions and some evidence that pro-natal attitudes, as opposed to knowledge of safe sexual practice, predict adolescents' reproductive strategies. These findings suggest that studying individuals' psychology from a life history perspective adds to my understanding of the persistently high rates of early reproduction within developed countries, such as the United Kingdom. [Chipman, Abigail; Morrison, Edward] Univ Portsmouth, Dept Psychol, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Psychol, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hants, England Chipman, A (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Dept Psychol, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Psychol, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hants, England. abby.chipman@port.ac.uk Morrison, Edward/0000-0001-7136-5072 Alvergne A, 2008, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V95, P625, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.09.005; [Anonymous], 2005, TEEN PREGN STRAT EV; Armitage B., 1997, POP TRENDS, V87, P20; BELSKY J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P647, DOI 10.2307/1131166; Bogaert AF, 2008, J BIOSOC SCI, V40, P623, DOI 10.1017/S0021932007002386; Botting B, 1998, Popul Trends, P19; Bradley- Stevenson C., 2007, PAEDIAT CHILD HLTH, V17, P474, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.PAED.2007.09.008; Chesson HW, 2006, J RISK UNCERTAINTY, V32, P217, DOI 10.1007/s11166-006-9520-1; Chipman A., 2013, BIOL LETT, V9, DOI [10. 1098/ rsbl. 2013. 0027: 20130027, DOI 10.1098/RSBL.2013.0027:20130027]; Chisholm J. 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APR 2015 44 3 695 703 10.1007/s10508-013-0254-2 9 Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics CD5UB WOS:000351152500014 24519106 2018-11-12 J Scharf, I; Feldman, A; Novosolov, M; Pincheira-Donoso, D; Das, I; Bohm, M; Uetz, P; Torres-Carvajal, O; Bauer, A; Roll, U; Meiri, S Scharf, Inon; Feldman, Anat; Novosolov, Maria; Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel; Das, Indraneil; Boehm, Monika; Uetz, Peter; Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Bauer, Aaron; Roll, Uri; Meiri, Shai Late bloomers and baby boomers: ecological drivers of longevity in squamates and the tuatara GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY English Article Body size; fast-slow continuum; lifespan; NPP; phylogenetic comparisons; reproduction; reptiles; temperature; trade-off LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LIZARDS; SNAKES; PATTERNS; SPAN; TEMPERATURE; SENESCENCE AimLongevity is an important life-history trait, directly linked to the core attributes of fitness (reproduction and survival), yet large-scale comparative studies quantifying its implications for the ecology and life history of ectotherms are scarce. We tested the allometry of longevity in squamates and the tuatara, and determined how longevity is related to key environmental characteristics and life-history traits. Predictions based on life-history theory are expected to hold true for ectotherms, similarly to mammals and birds. LocationWorld-wide. MethodsWe assembled from the literature a dataset of the maximum longevities of more than a thousand squamate species, representing c. 10% of their known species diversity, their phylogenetic relationships and multiple life-history and ecological variables. Correcting for phylogeny, we modelled the link between squamate longevity and both key life-history traits, such as body mass and age at first reproduction, and important environmental factors, such as latitude and primary productivity within species distributional ranges. ResultsLarge-bodied species live for longer than small ones, but body size explains far less of the variance in longevity than it does in mammals and birds. Accounting for body size, squamate brood frequency is negatively correlated with longevity, while age at first reproduction is positively correlated with longevity. This points to a continuum of slow-to-fast life-history strategies. Squamates in high latitudes and cold regions live for longer, probably because a shorter season of activity translates to slower development, older age at first reproduction and hence to increased longevity. Individuals live longer in captivity than in the wild. Herbivorous and omnivorous squamates live for longer than carnivorous ones. We postulate that low-quality nutrition reduces growth rates, promotes a relative decline in reproductive rates and thus prolongs life. Main conclusionsOur results support key predictions from life-history theory and suggest that reproducing more slowly and at older ages, being herbivorous and, plausibly, lowering metabolism, result in increased longevity. [Scharf, Inon; Feldman, Anat; Novosolov, Maria; Meiri, Shai] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; [Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel] Lincoln Univ, Lab Evolutionary Ecol Adaptat, Sch Life Sci, Lincoln, Lincs, England; [Das, Indraneil] Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Inst Biodivers & Environm Conservat, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia; [Boehm, Monika] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England; [Uetz, Peter] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Study Biol Complex, Richmond, VA USA; [Torres-Carvajal, Omar] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Quito, Ecuador; [Bauer, Aaron] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA; [Roll, Uri] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 2JD, England Scharf, I (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. scharfi@post.tau.ac.il; uncshai@post.tau.ac.il Uetz, Peter/A-7119-2012; Meiri, Shai/D-2403-2010; Novosolov, Maria/Q-3929-2017 Uetz, Peter/0000-0001-6194-4927; Meiri, Shai/0000-0003-3839-6330; Novosolov, Maria/0000-0002-4034-3441 European Union under REA [333442]; Israel Science Foundation [1005/12]; University of Lincoln The research leading to this paper was partially funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no. 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APR 2015 24 4 396 405 10.1111/geb.12244 10 Ecology; Geography, Physical Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography CD3RL WOS:000350997800002 2018-11-12 J Kozlovsky, DY; Branch, CL; Pravosudov, VV Kozlovsky, Dovid Y.; Branch, Carrie L.; Pravosudov, Vladimir V. Elevation-Related Differences in Parental Risk-Taking Behavior are Associated with Cognitive Variation in Mountain Chickadees ETHOLOGY English Article cognition; reproduction; hippocampus; chickadee; environment; trade-offs; evolution; parental investment LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; ANIMAL COGNITION; CLUTCH SIZE; TRADE-OFF; BIRDS; STRESS; GROWTH; COST; ENVIRONMENT Breeding animals must balance their current reproductive effort with potential costs to their own survival and consequently to future reproduction. Life-history theory predicts that variation in reproductive investment should be based on fecundity and life expectancy with longer-lived species favoring their own survival over parental investment. Recently, variation in parental risk taking was also linked with differences in cognition suggesting a potential trade-off between cognitive ability and risk taking. Here, we tested whether mountain chickadees from two different elevations with known differences in cognitive ability differ in their parental risk taking by comparing the responses of nesting birds to a potential predator. Higher elevations are associated with shorter breeding season limiting renesting opportunities, but chickadees at high elevations also have better cognitive abilities, which might be potentially associated with better survival. Compared to lower elevations, high-elevation chickadees laid larger clutches, showed longer latencies to return to the nest in the presence of a hawk, had lower fledging success, and exhibited higher rate of complete nest failures. Nestling development among successful nests, however, was similar between elevations. These data are not consistent with life-history hypothesis because birds at high elevation invest more in the clutch, while at the same time take less risk when facing potential danger to themselves, which could jeopardize their current reproductive success. These data, however, are consistent with the hypothesis that better cognitive abilities might be associated with less parental risk taking. 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Using Life-History Theory several studies identified Machiavellianism as a fast life strategy. According to this idea, Machiavellianism should be related to childhood adversities. Using a sample of adults we investigated the relationship between Machiavellianism and self-reported memories of childhood psychological maltreatment. Participants (247 individuals, 141 female, 32.38 +/- 5.43 years of age on average) completed the Mach-IV Scale and the Childhood Abuse and Trauma Scale. Results showed a relationship between neglect and Machiavellianism in general, Machiavellian tactics, and Machiavellian world view. There was also a marginally significant link between punishment and Machiavellian tactics. Results are discussed from a moral developmental perspective and through the alexithymia hypothesis of Machiavellianism. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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APR 2015 77 81 85 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.054 5 Psychology, Social Psychology CC2NM WOS:000350181900015 2018-11-12 J Morand, S Morand, Serge (macro-) Evolutionary ecology of parasite diversity: From determinants of parasite species richness to host diversification INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE English Article The present review summarized the factors or determinants that may explain parasite diversity among host species and the consequences of this parasite diversity on the evolution of host-life history traits. As host-parasite interactions are asymmetrical exploited-exploiter relationships, ecological and epidemiological theories produce hypotheses to find the potential determinants of parasite species richness, while life-history theory helps for testing potential consequences on parasite diversity on the evolution of hosts. This review referred only to studies that have specifically controlled or took into account phylogenetic information illustrated with parasites of mammals. Several points needing more investigation were identified with a special emphasis to develop the metabolic theory of epidemiology. (C) 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology. 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J. Parasitol.-Parasit. Wildl. APR 2015 4 1 80 87 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.01.001 8 Ecology; Parasitology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Parasitology DF6BQ WOS:000371440600010 25830109 DOAJ Gold, Green Published 2018-11-12 J Ponzi, D; Henry, A; Kubicki, K; Nickels, N; Wilson, MC; Maestripieri, D Ponzi, Davide; Henry, Andrea; Kubicki, Konrad; Nickels, Nora; Wilson, M. Claire; Maestripieri, Dario Morningness-eveningness and intrasexual competition in men PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Chronotype; Intrasexual Competition Scale; Big Five; Sexual selection; Life history theory RISK-TAKING; TRAITS; METAANALYSIS; PREFERENCES; GENDER A growing body of research points to a relationship between chronotype and socio-sexuality, especially in men, such that evening-types appear both to be more short-term mating oriented than morning-types and to possess more personality traits and other behavioral characteristics that facilitate sexual promiscuity. This study contributes to and expands this body of research by investigating the relationship between chronotype and intra-sexual competition. We tested the prediction that, in a subject population of young heterosexual men, evening-types would score higher on intra-sexual competition in the context of mating. The results were consistent with our prediction and showed that the association between chronotype and intra-sexual competitiveness is not the by-product of correlations with personality measures. Higher intra-sexual competitiveness in men who are evening-types may contribute to their higher short-term mating success reported by previous studies. Evolutionary hypotheses testing predictions derived from sexual selection or life history theory can make a significant contribution to our understanding of the functional significance of inter-individual variation in chronotype and its associated psychological and behavioral traits. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Ponzi, Davide; Henry, Andrea; Kubicki, Konrad; Nickels, Nora; Wilson, M. Claire; Maestripieri, Dario] Univ Chicago, Inst Mind & Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA Ponzi, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, 940 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. ponzdbiol@gmail.com University of Chicago intramural funds This study was funded by University of Chicago intramural funds. We thank Katie Adlaka, Nina Johnson, Eliot Monaco, Ariadne Souroutzidis, and David Tomblin for assistance with data collection and data entry. ADAN A, 1991, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V12, P241, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(91)90110-W; Andersson M., 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION; Burgess HJ, 2008, PLOS ONE, V3, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003055; Buunk A. 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Individ. Differ. APR 2015 76 228 231 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.023 4 Psychology, Social Psychology CA9TU WOS:000349268500039 2018-11-12 J Brent, LJN; Franks, DW; Foster, EA; Balcomb, KC; Cant, MA; Croft, DP Brent, Lauren J. N.; Franks, Daniel W.; Foster, Emma A.; Balcomb, Kenneth C.; Cant, Michael A.; Croft, Darren P. Ecological Knowledge, Leadership, and the Evolution of Menopause in Killer Whales CURRENT BIOLOGY English Article POSTREPRODUCTIVE LIFE-SPAN; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HUMANS; ELEPHANTS; PACIFIC; SALMON Classic life-history theory predicts that menopause should not occur because there should be no selection for survival after the cessation of reproduction [1]. Yet, human females routinely live 30 years after they have stopped reproducing [2]. Only two other species-killer whales (Orcinus orca) and short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) [3, 4]-have comparable postreproductive lifespans. In theory, menopause can evolve via inclusive fitness benefits [5, 6], but the mechanisms by which postreproductive females help their kin remain enigmatic. One hypothesis is that postreproductive females act as repositories of ecological knowledge and thereby buffer kin against environmental hardships [7, 8]. We provide the first test of this hypothesis using a unique long-term dataset on wild resident killer whales. We show three key results. First, postreproductively aged females lead groups during collective movement in salmon foraging grounds. Second, leadership by postreproductively aged females is especially prominent in difficult years when salmon abundance is low. This finding is critical because salmon abundance drives both mortality and reproductive success in resident killer whales [9, 10]. Third, females are more likely to lead their sons than they are to lead their daughters, supporting predictions of recent models [5] of the evolution of menopause based on kinship dynamics. Our results show that postreproductive females may boost the fitness of kin through the transfer of ecological knowledge. The value gained from the wisdom of elders can help explain why female resident killer whales and humans continue to live long after they have stopped reproducing. [Brent, Lauren J. N.; Foster, Emma A.; Croft, Darren P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England; [Franks, Daniel W.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England; [Franks, Daniel W.] Univ York, Dept Comp Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England; [Balcomb, Kenneth C.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA; [Cant, Michael A.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England Croft, DP (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Res Anim Behav, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England. d.p.croft@exeter.ac.uk Croft, Darren/B-5503-2009 Croft, Darren/0000-0001-6869-5097; Brent, Lauren/0000-0002-1202-1939; Cant, Michael/0000-0002-1530-3077 Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K01286X/1]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J010278/1, NE/K012924/1] Data were collected by the Center of Whale Research under federal permits (Marine Mammal Protection Act permit 532-1822 and/or Department of Fisheries and Oceans license 2006-08/SARA-34) in both the United States and Canada, and the study was endorsed by the School of Psychology Ethics Committee at the University of Exeter. 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Biol. MAR 16 2015 25 6 746 750 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.037 5 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology CD7YN WOS:000351312100024 25754636 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Esposito, G; Nakazawa, J; Ogawa, S; Stival, R; Putnick, DL; Bornstein, MH Esposito, Gianluca; Nakazawa, Jun; Ogawa, Shota; Stival, Rita; Putnick, Diane L.; Bornstein, Marc H. Using infrared thermography to assess emotional responses to infants EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE English Article emotional valence; baby schema; automatic response; baby faces; emotional representation; attitude towards infants; infrared thermography SKIN TEMPERATURE; BABY SCHEMA; FACES; REWARD; FEAR Adult-infant interactions operate simultaneously across multiple domains and at multiple levels - from physiology to behaviour. Unpackaging and understanding them, therefore, involve analysis of multiple data streams. In this study, we tested physiological responses and cognitive preferences for infant and adult faces in adult females and males. Infrared thermography was used to assess facial temperature changes as a measure of emotional valence, and we used a behavioural rating system to assess adults' expressed preferences. We found greater physiological activation in response to infant stimuli in females than males. As for cognitive preferences, we found greater responses to adult stimuli than to infant stimuli, both in males and females. The results are discussed in light of the Life History Theory. Finally, we discuss the importance of integrating the two data streams on our conclusions. [Esposito, Gianluca; Stival, Rita] Univ Trent, Dept Psychol & Cognit Sci, Trento, Italy; [Esposito, Gianluca] RIKEN Brain Sci Inst, Unit Affiliat Social Behav, Wako, Saitama, Japan; [Nakazawa, Jun] Chiba Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Dev Sci, Chiba, Japan; [Ogawa, Shota] Tokyo Gakugei Univ, United Grad Sch Educ, Chiba, Japan; [Putnick, Diane L.; Bornstein, Marc H.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA Esposito, G (reprint author), Univ Trent, Dept Psychol & Cognit Sci, Trento, Italy. gianluca.esposito@unitn.it Putnick, Diane/0000-0002-6323-749X; Esposito, Gianluca/0000-0002-9442-0254 ST fellowship from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JSPS PE09064]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22530694, 24730563, 26285149]; FPR Programme (RIKEN Brain Science Institute); Intramural Research Programme of the NIH, NICHD (USA) All participants in this study are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank Peter Peer (University of Ljubiana), Paola Venuti, Nicola Chiste', Nadia Zanella, Patrizia Villotti, Maria Rostagno and Giulia Castelletti (University of Trento), and Fulvia Riccardi, and Fabio Esposito for their assistance. This research was supported by the ST fellowship from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS PE09064), Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Projects #22530694, #24730563 and #26285149), the FPR Programme (RIKEN Brain Science Institute), and the Intramural Research Programme of the NIH, NICHD (USA). Beebe B, 2007, DEV PSYCHOL, V43, P1360, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1360; Bornstein M. 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Care MAR 4 2015 185 3 438 447 10.1080/03004430.2014.932153 10 Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Developmental Education & Educational Research; Psychology CH8DR WOS:000354266900007 29527089 2018-11-12 J Escasa-Dorne, MJ Escasa-Dorne, Michelle J. Sexual Functioning and Commitment to Their Current Relationship among Breastfeeding and Regularly Cycling Women in Manila, Philippines HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE English Article Lactation; Sexual Health; Philippines; Life History Theory CHILDBIRTH; PARENTHOOD; TRANSITION; BABY; LIFE; SATISFACTION; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; QUALITY; MOTHER This project investigates the relationship between lactation and female sexual functioning and relationship commitment among partnered women in urban Manila. Previous literature suggests that the time after giving birth is often rife with lower sexual functioning and relationship dissatisfaction. Given the important role of caregiving by multiple individuals in humans, the current cross-sectional study suggests that female sexuality may decline immediately after giving birth but then may increase afterwards. Non-cycling, breastfeeding (n = 86); cycling, breastfeeding (n = 48); and nulliparous, regularly cycling (n = 105) women were recruited from neighborhood health centers in Manila to complete questionnaires that assessed sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction, along with demographic variables. Cycling, breastfeeding women report the highest sexual functioning scores and commitment scores. Females undergoing life history trade-offs between mating effort and parenting effort during the postpartum phase may employ a strategy in which they continue investment both in their offspring and in a romantic relationship. Variations in self-reported sexual functioning, level of commitment in a relationship, and love toward her current partner may indicate that breastfeeding women engage in sexual activities as part of a relationship maintenance strategy. Cultural and life history factors will serve as a framework for the findings. The current findings suggest women in Manila may experience a post-birth increase in sexual functioning that may be higher than pre-pregnancy levels. Future studies should incorporate a longitudinal component or a memory recall on pre-pregnancy and post-birth sexual functioning levels. Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA Escasa-Dorne, MJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. mdorne@uccs.edu Wenner-Gren Foundation; UNLV Thanks to the Wenner-Gren Foundation and UNLV for funding, Peter Gray for helpful comments and support, Nona Andayo-Castillo for special assistance in data collection, the Marakina Barangay Health Center for assistance with data collection, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. ALBUSTAN MA, 1995, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V24, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF01541581; Andrews V, 2008, EUR J OBSTET GYN R B, V137, P152, DOI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.06.005; Barkley M. 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MAR 2015 26 1 89 101 10.1007/s12110-015-9223-x 13 Anthropology; Social Sciences, Biomedical Anthropology; Biomedical Social Sciences CF9PN WOS:000352897600005 25847056 2018-11-12 J Sharick, JT; Vazquez-Medina, JP; Ortiz, RM; Crocker, DE Sharick, Jeffrey T.; Vazquez-Medina, Jose P.; Ortiz, Rudy M.; Crocker, Daniel E. Oxidative stress is a potential cost of breeding in male and female northern elephant seals FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article fasting; life-history theory; lipid peroxidation; pinnipeds; reproduction HISTORY TRADE-OFFS; AMINO-ACID-CONCENTRATIONS; IN-HOUSE MICE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; DNA-DAMAGE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; EGG-PRODUCTION; SEPTIC SHOCK The trade-off between current reproductive effort and survival is a key concept of life-history theory. A variety of studies support the existence of this trade-off, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well understood. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying the observed inverse relationship between reproductive investment and life span. Prolonged fasting is associated with oxidative stress including increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage and inflammation. Northern elephant seals (NES) undergo prolonged fasts while maintaining high metabolic rates during breeding. We investigated NES of both sexes to assess oxidative stress associated with extended breeding fasts. We measured changes in the plasma activity or concentrations of markers for oxidative stress in 30 adult male and 33 adult female NES across their 1-3month breeding fasts. Markers assessed included a pro-oxidant enzyme, several antioxidant enzymes, markers for oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA and markers for systemic inflammation. Plasma xanthine oxidase (XO), a pro-oxidant enzyme that increases production of oxidative radicals, and several protective antioxidant enzymes increased over breeding in both sexes. Males showed increased oxidative damage to lipids and DNA and increased systemic inflammation, while oxidative damage to proteins declined across breeding. In contrast, females showed no oxidative damage to lipids or DNA or changes in inflammation but showed increases in oxidative damage to proteins. XO activity, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage markers and inflammatory markers were strongly correlated in males but these relationships were weaker or non-existent in females. Northern elephant seals provide evidence for oxidative stress as a physiological cost of reproduction in a capital breeding mammal. Both sexes strongly up-regulated antioxidant defences during breeding. Despite this response, and in contrast to similar duration non-breeding fasts in previous studies on conspecifics, there was evidence of oxidative damage to tissues. These data demonstrate the utility of using plasma markers to examine oxidative stress but also suggest the necessity of measuring a broad suite of plasma markers to assess systemic oxidative stress. [Sharick, Jeffrey T.; Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA; [Vazquez-Medina, Jose P.; Ortiz, Rudy M.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA Sharick, JT (reprint author), Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. crocker@sonoma.edu NHLBI [R01-HL091767]; COAST Student Research Grant We thank Dorian Houser, Cory Champagne, Mike Tift, Luis Huckstadt, Sarah Peterson, Patrick Robinson and Dan Costa for help with sample collection. This research was funded by by NHLBI R01-HL091767 (R.M.O., D.E.C.) and a COAST Student Research Grant to J.T.S. 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Ecol. MAR 2015 29 3 367 376 10.1111/1365-2435.12330 10 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology CE1XO WOS:000351606400009 25983364 Green Accepted, Bronze 2018-11-12 J Perez, KO; Munch, SB Perez, Kestrel O.; Munch, Stephan B. Sustained costs of growth and the trajectory of recovery FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY English Article physiological delays; prolonged trade-offs; swimming ability ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; TRADE-OFFS; BODY-SIZE; INTRINSIC GROWTH; ADAPTIVE VARIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS Large body size is associated with many fitness advantages. Despite this, most species do not grow at their physiological maximum, suggesting costs to rapid growth. There are now many empirical examples of trade-offs with growth. Despite the ubiquity of physiological delays, few studies have evaluated the duration over which growth costs occur. To address this question, we measured swimming ability in growth-manipulated Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia). Fish were manipulated to grow at their maximum for 2weeks and then were put on restricted rations, so they grew slowly. We then compared swimming ability with fish that had always grown slowly. Fast-grown fish had significantly poorer swimming ability and continued to show a prolonged cost of this early period of rapid growth. We found that fish fully recovered normal swimming ability after 1month of growing slowly. Most surprisingly, the trajectory of recovery was not monotonic; performance actually decreased before it improved. We conclude with a suggestion to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms linking growth to performance trade-offs. Our results suggest that reduced swimming performance following fast growth is unlikely to be completely explained by bioenergetic constraints. Additionally, there is need for more nuanced life-history theory that incorporates prolonged growth costs to increase accuracy of growth rate prediction. [Perez, Kestrel O.; Munch, Stephan B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA Perez, KO (reprint author), St Josephs Coll, Dept Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11205 USA. kperez3@sjcny.edu NSF Biological Oceanography [0623322] We thank Mark Meekan, Robert Cerrato, David Conover and Kathryn Kavanagh for many helpful comments on this manuscript. This research was partially supported by NSF Biological Oceanography, award number 0623322 to SBM. 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Sima The role of the Dark Triad traits and two constructs of emotional intelligence on loneliness in adolescents PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article Machiavellianism; Narcissism; Psychopathy; Emotional intelligence; Loneliness LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; PERSONALITY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; PSYCHOPATHY; EMPATHY; POPULARITY; NARCISSISM; DEFICITS; STRATEGY; BRAIN The social-emotional functions associated with the Dark Triad traits have recently been widely examined. However, no study has explored the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and loneliness in adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the direct and indirect contributions of the Dark Triad traits and both trait and ability emotional intelligence (i.e., El) to feelings of loneliness in a Chinese adolescent sample (N = 396). Results indicated that both the latent Dark Triad factor and the three Dark Triad traits contributed to loneliness among adolescents. While narcissism was negatively related to loneliness, Machiavellianism and psychopathy were positively associated with loneliness. With regard to trait and ability El, individuals high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy demonstrated significantly lower levels of trait El, while those with high Machiavellianism showed greater deficits on ability El. In contrast, narcissism was associated with impaired ability El and higher trait El. The El associated with each Dark Triad trait could explain some variance of loneliness. The mediation analyses for each of the Dark Triad traits revealed that ability El fully mediated the effect of Machiavellianism on loneliness, and trait El partially mediated the effect of narcissism on loneliness. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Zhang, Wenjuan] Wuhan Univ, Sch Philosophy, Dept Psychol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Wenjuan; Zou, Hong; Wang, Mingzhu] Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Dev Psychol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China; [Finy, M. 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Individ. Differ. MAR 2015 75 74 79 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.025 6 Psychology, Social Psychology AZ5OW WOS:000348270900014 2018-11-12 J Ponton, F; Wilson, K; Holmes, A; Raubenheimer, D; Robinson, KL; Simpson, SJ Ponton, Fleur; Wilson, Kenneth; Holmes, Andrew; Raubenheimer, David; Robinson, Katie L.; Simpson, Stephen J. Macronutrients mediate the functional relationship between Drosophila and Wolbachia PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article Drosophila; macronutrient; nutrition; nutritional geometry; Wolbachia LIPID II BIOSYNTHESIS; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; AEDES-AEGYPTI; LIFE-SPAN; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PROTEIN COSTS; MELANOGASTER; HOST Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts that naturally infect a diverse array of arthropods. They are primarily known for their manipulation of host reproductive biology, and recently, infections with Wolbachia have been proposed as a new strategy for controlling insect vectors and subsequent human-transmissible diseases. Yet, Wolbachia abundance has been shown to vary greatly between individuals and the magnitude of the effects of infection on host life-history traits and protection against infection is correlated to within-host Wolbachia abundance. It is therefore essential to better understand the factors that modulate Wolbachia abundance and effects on host fitness. Nutrition is known to be one of the most important mediators of host-symbiont interactions. Here, we used nutritional geometry to quantify the role of macronutrients on insect-Wolbachia relationships in Drosophila melanogaster. Our results show fundamental interactions between diet composition, host diet selection, Wolbachia abundance and effects on host lifespan and fecundity. The results and methods described here open a new avenue in the study of insect-Wolbachia relationships and are of general interest to numerous research disciplines, ranging from nutrition and life-history theory to public health. [Ponton, Fleur; Raubenheimer, David; Robinson, Katie L.; Simpson, Stephen J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Ponton, Fleur; Holmes, Andrew; Raubenheimer, David; Robinson, Katie L.; Simpson, Stephen J.] Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Holmes, Andrew] Univ Sydney, Sch Mol Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Raubenheimer, David] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [Wilson, Kenneth] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England Ponton, F (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. fleur_ponton@hotmail.com Wilson, Kenneth/B-7452-2008 Wilson, Kenneth/0000-0001-5264-6522; Ponton, Fleur/0000-0001-7156-3896; Simpson, Stephen J./0000-0003-0256-7687 Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship; University of Sydney; UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I02249X/1]; Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship; Gravida, The National Research Centre for Growth and Development, New Zealand; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I02249X/1, BB/F004311/1] S.J.S. was additionally supported by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship. F.P. was additionally supported by the University of Sydney. K.W. received additional funding from the UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I02249X/1), and from a Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship. D.R. was part-supported by Gravida, The National Research Centre for Growth and Development, New Zealand. 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Host incorporation and trophic ascent JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Review complex life cycles; helminths; host incorporation; trophic transmission; trophic transmission vacuum BODY-SIZE; FOOD WEBS; PARASITIC FLATWORMS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; POPULATION BIOLOGY; PLATYHELMINTHES; TRANSMISSION; HISTORIES; SPECIFICITY; COEVOLUTION Links between parasites and food webs are evolutionarily ancient but dynamic: life history theory provides insights into helminth complex life cycle origins. Most adult helminths benefit by sexual reproduction in vertebrates, often high up food chains, but direct infection is commonly constrained by a trophic vacuum between free-living propagules and definitive hosts. Intermediate hosts fill this vacuum, facilitating transmission to definitive hosts. 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Evol. Biol. FEB 2015 28 2 267 291 10.1111/jeb.12575 25 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity CD6OO WOS:000351208800001 25625702 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Marshall, DJ; Burgess, SC Marshall, Dustin J.; Burgess, Scott C. Deconstructing environmental predictability: seasonality, environmental colour and the biogeography of marine life histories ECOLOGY LETTERS English Article Environmental predictability; life-history theory; offspring size RANDOMLY VARYING ENVIRONMENT; OFFSPRING SIZE; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; OPTIMIZING REPRODUCTION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; EGG SIZE; EVOLUTION; DISPERSAL; NOISE; INVERTEBRATES Environmental predictability is predicted to shape the evolution of life histories. Two key types of environmental predictability, seasonality and environmental colour, may influence life-history evolution independently but formal considerations of both and how they relate to life history are exceedingly rare. Here, in a global biogeographical analysis of over 800 marine invertebrates, we explore the relationships between both forms of environmental predictability and three fundamental life-history traits: location of larval development (aplanktonic vs. planktonic), larval developmental mode (feeding vs. non-feeding) and offspring size. We found that both dispersal potential and offspring size related to environmental predictability, but the relationships depended on both the environmental factor as well as the type of predictability. Environments that were more seasonal in food availability had a higher prevalence of species with a planktonic larval stage. Future studies should consider both types of environmental predictability as each can strongly affect life-history evolution. [Marshall, Dustin J.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia; [Burgess, Scott C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA Marshall, DJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. dustin.marshall@monash.edu Marshall, Dustin/C-3450-2016 Australian Research Council; Centre for Population Biology Fellowship from UC-Davis This manuscript benefited from comments on an earlier version of this manuscript by anonymous reviewers, Jeb Byers, Richard Strathmann, Bob Warner, Grant Duffy and Stephanie Kamel, as well as very helpful discussions with Michel Loreau and Jamie Pringle. DJM was supported by grants from the Australian Research Council and SCB was supported by the Centre for Population Biology Fellowship from UC-Davis. 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FEB 2015 18 2 174 181 10.1111/ele.12402 8 Ecology Environmental Sciences & Ecology CA2DU WOS:000348719900006 25534504 2018-11-12 J Ford, NB; Seigel, RA Ford, N. B.; Seigel, R. A. The influence of female body size and shape on the trade-off between offspring number and offspring size in two viviparous snakes JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY English Article reproductive trade-offs; snake; allometry; body size; viviparous LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; LIZARD LACERTA-VIVIPARA; RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; EGG SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; LITTER SIZE; ALLOMETRY; INVESTMENT Although the trade-off between offspring size and the number of offspring is a critical component of life-history theory, many empirical tests fail to show that such trade-off exists. Although this may be due to statistical issues (i.e. failure to control for maternal body size), other complications such as female body shape may play a role as well. Here, we examined reproductive traits in two species of viviparous garter snakes with very different body morphologies (Thamnophis marcianus and T.proximus) to see how female body shape affects this trade-off. In the more slender species (T.proximus), we found a strong, negative relationship between brood size and offspring size, with the effect most notable in smaller females. However, in the more robust snake (T.marcianus), there was no significant trade-off seen in either the sample as a whole or for either larger or smaller females. Our data support earlier work on ectotherms, which indicates that body shape can act to constrain how offspring size and clutch or litter size are related. [Ford, N. B.] Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA; [Seigel, R. A.] Towson Univ, Towson, MD USA Ford, NB (reprint author), Univ Texas Tyler, Dept Biol, 3900 Univ Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. nford@uttyler.edu Fisher College and Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University; National Science Foundation Research Opportunity Award We would like to thank a number of students that have helped in the projects that produced the data for this paper. In particular, we thank Kaitlyn Pettingill, William Krogman, Kayla Keys and Corey Cates. We also thank P. T. Gregory, J. Placyk and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the paper. Funding was provided by the Fisher College and Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University and by a National Science Foundation Research Opportunity Award to N.B.F. All procedures were approved by The University of Texas at Tyler Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC# UTT101 & UTT106). 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Life-history variation appears to fall along a slow-fast continuum, with slow pace characterized by higher investment in survival over reproduction and fast pace characterized by higher investment in reproduction over survival. The Pace-of-Life Syndrome (POLS) is a framework to describe the slow-fast axis of variation in life-history traits and physiological traits. The POLS corresponds to latitudinal gradients, with tropical birds exhibiting a slow pace of life. We examined four possible ways that the traits of high-elevation birds might correspond to the POLS continuum: (i) rapid pace, (ii) tropical slow pace, (iii) novel elevational pace, or (iv) constrained pace. Recent studies reveal that birds breeding at high elevations in temperate zones exhibit a combination of traits creating a unique elevational pace of life with a central trade-off similar to a slow pace but physiological trade-offs more similar to a fast pace. A paucity of studies prevents consideration of the possibility of a constrained pace of life. We propose extending the POLS framework to include trait variation of elevational clines to help to investigate complexity in global geographic patterns. [Hille, Sabine M.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Integrat Biol & Biodivers Res, Inst Wildlife Biol & Game Management, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; [Cooper, Caren B.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA Hille, SM (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Integrat Biol & Biodivers Res, Inst Wildlife Biol & Game Management, Gregor Mendel Str 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. sabine.hille@boku.ac.at Wolfgang Pauli fellowship This research was funded by a Wolfgang Pauli fellowship to the authors. We thank an anonymous referee and Barbara Helm for fruitful comments on the first draft. Allee W., 1949, PRINCIPLES ANIMAL EC; ASHMOLE N. P., 1963, IBIS, V103b, P458, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1963.tb06766.x; Badyaev A. 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Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: I. Challenges and research needs in ecotoxicology CHEMOSPHERE English Review Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP); Ecotoxicological risk assessment; Chronic toxicity; Toxicokinetics; Extrapolation from individual to population; Cross-species extrapolation ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ENERGY BUDGET THEORY; STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; HEPATIC BIOTRANSFORMATION DATA; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS; EARLY FISH DEVELOPMENT; IN-VIVO EXTRAPOLATION To elucidate the effects of chemicals on populations of different species in the environment, efficient testing and modeling approaches are needed that consider multiple stressors and allow reliable extrapolation of responses across species. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a concept that provides a framework for organizing knowledge about the progression of toxicity events across scales of biological organization that lead to adverse outcomes relevant for risk assessment. In this paper, we focus on exploring how the AOP concept can be used to guide research aimed at improving both our understanding of chronic toxicity, including delayed toxicity as well as epigenetic and transgenerational effects of chemicals, and our ability to predict adverse outcomes. A better understanding of the influence of subtle toxicity on individual and population fitness would support a broader integration of sublethal endpoints into risk assessment frameworks. Detailed mechanistic knowledge would facilitate the development of alternative testing methods as well as help prioritize higher tier toxicity testing. We argue that targeted development of AOPs supports both of these aspects by promoting the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and their contribution to relevant toxicity outcomes across biological scales. We further discuss information requirements and challenges in application of AOPs for chemical- and site-specific risk assessment and for extrapolation across species. We provide recommendations for potential extension of the AOP framework to incorporate information on exposure, toxicokinetics and situation-specific ecological contexts, and discuss common interfaces that can be employed to couple AOPs with computational modeling approaches and with evolutionary life history theory. The extended AOP framework can serve as a venue for integration of knowledge derived from various sources, including empirical data as well as molecular, quantitative and evolutionary-based models describing species responses to toxicants. This will allow a more efficient application of AOP knowledge for quantitative chemical- and site-specific risk assessment as well as for extrapolation across species in the future. (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. [Groh, Ksenia J.; Schirmer, Kristin] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland; [Groh, Ksenia J.] ETH, Dept Chem & Appl Biosci, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; [Carvalho, Raquel N.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Water Resources Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy; [Chipman, James K.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England; [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Genet Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Halder, Marlies; Rolaki, Alexandra] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, Syst Toxicol Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy; [Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Roelofs, Dick] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Schirmer, Kristin] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Schirmer, Kristin] EPF Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Watanabe, Karen H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Inst Environm Hlth, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Portland, OR 97239 USA Groh, KJ (reprint author), Eawag, Ueberlandstr 133,POB 611, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. ksenia.groh@eawag.ch Groh, Ksenia/0000-0002-3778-4721; Roelofs, Dick/0000-0003-3954-3590 American Chemistry Council; BioDetection Systems; European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals; Environment Canada; European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Center; Human Toxicology Project Consortium; International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Science Institute; Research Council of Norway [221455]; Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; US Environmental Protection Agency We thank Daniel Villeneuve (US EPA) for constructive comments on the earlier version of this manuscript. We acknowledge the American Chemistry Council, BioDetection Systems, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Environment Canada, European Commission Directorate General Joint Research Center, Human Toxicology Project Consortium, International Life Sciences Institute - Health and Environmental Science Institute, The Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 221455), Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center and the US Environmental Protection Agency that provided the support for the international expert workshop Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications, where the presented work has been initiated. The authors acknowledge the workshop organizing committee and all workshop participants for both plenary and informal discussions that influenced the content presented here. 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Accordingly, in our study, we investigated the associations between reward/punishment sensitivity and Machiavellian interpersonal tactics with self-report measures. Moreover, as a first attempt, we investigated the correlates of Machiavellianism and the behavioral preference for rewards with the IOWA Gambling task (IGT). The results showed robust positive associations of Machiavellian behavioral characteristics with Sensitivity to Reward, and a moderately negative correlation with Sensitivity to Punishment. This finding was further supported by IGT: Machiavellians tended to make reward-oriented decisions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [Birkas, Bela; Csatho, Arpad; Gacs, Boroka] Univ Pecs, Inst Behav Sci, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; [Bereczkei, Tamas] Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary Csatho, A (reprint author), Univ Pecs, Inst Behav Sci, Szigeti Str 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. arpad.csatho@aok.pte.hu Birkas, Bela/0000-0002-6380-7093 BECHARA A, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P7, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3; Bereczkei T, 2013, BRAIN COGNITION, V82, P108, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.02.012; Brumbach BH, 2009, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V20, P25, DOI 10.1007/s12110-009-9059-3; CHRISTIE R, 1970, STUDIES MACHIAVELLIA; Dahling JJ, 2009, J MANAGE, V35, P219, DOI 10.1177/0149206308318618; Griskevicius V, 2011, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V100, P1015, DOI 10.1037/a0022403; Gunnthorsdottir A, 2002, J ECON PSYCHOL, V23, P49, DOI 10.1016/S0167-4870(01)00067-8; Jonason PK, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P428, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4; Jonason PK, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V49, P611, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031; Jones D.N., 2009, HDB INDIVIDUAL DIFFE, P93; Lang A, 2014, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V63, P69, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.065; McDonald MM, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V52, P601, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.003; Spitzer M, 2007, NEURON, V56, P185, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.011; Torrubia R, 2001, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V31, P837, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00183-5; Wilson E.O., 1975, P1 15 14 14 0 20 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND 0191-8869 PERS INDIV DIFFER Pers. Individ. Differ. FEB 2015 74 112 115 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.046 4 Psychology, Social Psychology AY5EQ WOS:000347596300020 2018-11-12 J Menie, MAWO; Madison, G Menie, Michael A. Woodley Of; Madison, Guy The association between g and K in a sample of 4246 Swedish twins: A behavior genetic analysis PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article General intelligence; K-factor; Mini-K; WMT; Validity generalization LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; DIFFERENTIAL-K; EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; FITNESS INDICATORS; INTELLIGENCE; PERSONALITY; STRATEGY; TRAITS; INTEGRATION; COVITALITY Whereas the heritability of general intelligence (g) is very well documented, there are relatively few reports of the heritability of life history speed (K). Moreover, the correlation between g and K is of great theoretical significance. Here, we examine the heritabilities of g and K in a sample of 2123 complete Swedish twin pairs, as well as looking for evidence of common genetic variance between the two. 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Individ. Differ. FEB 2015 74 270 274 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.027 5 Psychology, Social Psychology AY5EQ WOS:000347596300048 2018-11-12 J Schulte, MB; Draghi, JA; Plotkin, JB; Andino, R Schulte, Michael B.; Draghi, Jeremy A.; Plotkin, Joshua B.; Andino, Raul Experimentally guided models reveal replication principles that shape the mutation distribution of RNA viruses ELIFE English Article APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; POLIOVIRUS GENOME REPLICATION; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; STRAND RNA; CELLS; TRANSLATION; POPULATION; ROBUSTNESS; PARTICLES; SELECTION Life history theory posits that the sequence and timing of events in an organism's lifespan are fine-tuned by evolution to maximize the production of viable offspring. In a virus, a life history strategy is largely manifested in its replication mode. Here, we develop a stochastic mathematical model to infer the replication mode shaping the structure and mutation distribution of a poliovirus population in an intact single infected cell. We measure production of RNA and poliovirus particles through the infection cycle, and use these data to infer the parameters of our model. We find that on average the viral progeny produced from each cell are approximately five generations removed from the infecting virus. Multiple generations within a single cell infection provide opportunities for significant accumulation of mutations per viral genome and for intracellular selection. [Schulte, Michael B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Tetrad Grad Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Schulte, Michael B.; Andino, Raul] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA; [Draghi, Jeremy A.; Plotkin, Joshua B.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Andino, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Tetrad Grad Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. raul.andino@ucsf.edu National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI36178, R01 AI40085]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [BAA-10-93]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; U.S. Department of the Interior [D12AP00025]; Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0552] National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI36178 Michael B Schulte, Raul Andino; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI40085 Michael B Schulte, Raul Andino; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency BAA-10-93 Michael B Schulte, Raul Andino; Burroughs Wellcome Fund JBP Joshua B Plotkin; David and Lucile Packard Foundation JBP Joshua B Plotkin; U.S. Department of the Interior D12AP00025 Joshua B Plotkin; Army Research Office W911NF-12-1-0552 Joshua B Plotkin; The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. 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However, life history theory predicts that optimal offspring size should not depend on maternal size or total reproductive effort. This incongruity persists despite various modifications to theory, that nonetheless, either are limited in their applicability or fail to alter the prediction of fixed offspring size. I demonstrate that the persistence of this theoretical outcome stems from an ideal assumption that reproductive effort relates only to direct material costs, and therefore, equal or proportional to clutch mass or the product of offspring size and number. A major innovation in my study is to explicitly distinguish between direct and overhead components of the costs of reproduction. When overhead energetic costs of reproduction are explicitly incorporated, I readily obtain variation in optimal offspring size with maternal phenotype. This consequence of overhead costs of reproduction has not been demonstrated before. I identify functional forms of such overhead costs that facilitate variation in optimal offspring size. In particular, costs that are more sensitive to offspring size than to offspring number are most effective in causing variation in offspring size. The novelty of the model lies in succeeding to resolve the above incongruity both within the framework of traditional models of optimal offspring size and within more dynamic description of the lifecycle (addressing simultaneously both offspring and maternal performance), including stochastic effects, difference between reserves and structural components of size, and distinction between starvation and extrinsic mortality. My predictions explain several patterns of variation in size and body composition of offspring, with respect to both environmental conditions and maternal phenotype. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Theor. Biol. JAN 7 2015 364 168 178 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.09.007 11 Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology AX6HB WOS:000347022500017 25219621 2018-11-12 J Baumard, N; Hyafil, A; Morris, I; Boyer, P Baumard, Nicolas; Hyafil, Alexandre; Morris, Ian; Boyer, Pascal Increased Affluence Explains the Emergence of Ascetic Wisdoms and Moralizing Religions CURRENT BIOLOGY English Article FOUNDATIONS Background: Between roughly 500 BCE and 300 BCE, three distinct regions, the Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Ganges Valley, saw the emergence of highly similar religious traditions with an unprecedented emphasis on self-discipline and asceticism and with "otherworldly,'' often moralizing, doctrines, including Buddhism, Jainism, Brahmanism, Daoism, Second Temple Judaism, and Stoicism, with later offshoots, such as Christianity, Manichaeism, and Islam. This cultural convergence, often called the "Axial Age,'' presents a puzzle: why did this emerge at the same time as distinct moralizing religions, with highly similar features in different civilizations? The puzzle may be solved by quantitative historical evidence that demonstrates an exceptional uptake in energy capture (a proxy for general prosperity) just before the Axial Age in these three regions. Results: Statistical modeling confirms that economic development, not political complexity or population size, accounts for the timing of the Axial Age. Conclusions: We discussed several possible causal pathways, including the development of literacy and urban life, and put forward the idea, inspired by life history theory, that absolute affluence would have impacted human motivation and reward systems, nudging people away from short-term strategies (resource acquisition and coercive interactions) and promoting long-term strategies (self-control techniques and cooperative interactions). [Baumard, Nicolas] Univ Penn, Philosophy Polit & Econ Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Baumard, Nicolas; Hyafil, Alexandre] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Etud Cognit, F-75005 Paris, France; [Morris, Ian] Stanford Univ, Dept Class, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Boyer, Pascal] Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Boyer, Pascal] Univ Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France Baumard, N (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philosophy Polit & Econ Program, 311 Claudia Cohen Hall,249 S 36th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. nbaumard@gmail.com HYAFIL, Alexandre/A-7024-2018 HYAFIL, Alexandre/0000-0002-0566-651X Paris Sciences et Lettres [ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL] N.B. thanks Paris Sciences et Lettres for funding the Chaire d'excellence and for awarding us with two grants (ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*). The authors thank Valentin Wyart, Coralie Chevallier, and Valerian Chambon for valuable discussions. 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Biol. JAN 5 2015 25 1 10 15 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.063 6 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology AY2HP WOS:000347409900021 25496963 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Marques-Santos, F; Braga, TV; Wischhoff, U; Roper, JJ Marques-Santos, Fernando; Braga, Talita V.; Wischhoff, Uschi; Roper, James J. BREEDING BIOLOGY OF PASSERINES IN THE SUBTROPICAL BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL English Article Body mass; Brazil; breeding parameters; breeding phenology; breeding strategies; clutch size; egg size; nesting period; passerines; timing of breeding LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NEST PREDATION; BIRDS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; CAVITIES; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE; SEASONS Information on breeding biology of birds is fundamental for the understanding of life history evolution and conservation. This information is only beginning to accumulate for Neotropical birds but the southern subtropics are still overlooked. Here we describe the breeding biology of passerines in subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We monitored 265 nests of 38 species during the 2012-2013 breeding season. Breeding began in September, but some species started as late as December. Average breeding season length was 64 days, but varied broadly across species. Average clutch sizes ranged from two to five eggs. The breeding season phenology, clutch sizes, and nesting periods were similar to other two communities at the same latitude in Argentina. Our data contribute to the debate that the combination of small clutch sizes and short breeding seasons seen in subtropical South America challenges the tropical-temperate paradigm of life-history theory. [Marques-Santos, Fernando; Braga, Talita V.; Wischhoff, Uschi; Roper, James J.] Univ Fed Parana, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservacao, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil Marques-Santos, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, Lab Ornitol, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627,Caixa Postal 486, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. frankius@gmail.com Wischhoff, Uschi/0000-0002-7593-5068; Marques-Santos, Fernando/0000-0002-5257-2989 National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) FMS, TVB, and UW received graduate scholarships from the National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES). We thank R. A. Cerboncini and R. Bobato for the qualified help in the field. We thank the Sanitation Company of Parana (SANEPAR) for hosting the work in Mananciais da Serra and Cayguava dam, the Environmental Institute of Parana (IAP), Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), and Brazilian bird-banding program (CEMAVE) for the legal permissions and metal bands. We also thank the editors and reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Auer SK, 2007, CONDOR, V109, P321, DOI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:BBOPIA]2.0.CO;2; Crawley MJ., 2013, R BOOK; Davis W B., 1933, Condor, V35, P151, DOI 10.2307/1363323; DI GIACOMO A. 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NEOTROP. 2015 26 4 363 374 12 Ornithology Zoology DZ1UL WOS:000385626300007 2018-11-12 J Lang, A; Birkas, B Lang, Andras; Birkas, Bela Machiavellianism and Parental Attachment in Adolescence: Effect of the Relationship With Same-Sex Parents SAGE OPEN English Article Machiavellianism; parental attachment; adolescence; life history theory; sex differences DARK TRIAD TRAITS; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; JUVENILE-DELINQUENCY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; PEER ATTACHMENT; PERSONALITY; CHILDREN; EVOLUTIONARY; PSYCHOPATHY; ALEXITHYMIA Machiavellianism is a well-studied topic in several branches of psychology. Still, it has received little attention from a developmental perspective. Previous retrospective studies linked Machiavellianism to poor parental care, but actual reports of adolescents who live in their family of origin have been ignored so far. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Machiavellianism and parental attachment in adolescence and possible sex differences based on life history theory. An adolescent sample (N = 376; 17.27 +/- .77 years of age) completed the Mach-IV and the maternal and paternal versions of revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA-R). According to our results, significant sex differences emerged in the relationship between Machiavellianism and attachment to parents. For girls, maternal alienation proved to be the only significant predictor of Machiavellianism, whereas for boys, low intensity and quality of verbal communication with father predicted higher levels of Machiavellianism. Results are discussed from an evolutionary perspective of socialization and from the perspective of emotion regulation. [Lang, Andras] Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, Dev & Clin psychol, 6 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; [Birkas, Bela] Univ Pecs, Dept Behav Sci, Psychol, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary Lang, A (reprint author), Univ Pecs, Inst Psychol, Dev & Clin psychol, 6 Ifjusag Str, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. andraslang@hotmail.com Birkas, Bela/0000-0002-6380-7093 European Union; State of Hungary; European Social Fund [TAMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001] The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This research was supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary, cofinanced by the European Social Fund in the framework of TAMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001 National Excellence Program. 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The trade-off may be masked in good environmental conditions and be expressed only in some reproductive attempts, when conditions are poor. in this paper we analyse variation in size-related traits of eggs in relation to clutch size in a marginal population of the European Roller (Coracias garrulus) in eastern Poland, declining as a result of agriculture intensification and habitat loss. Because large-bodied insects that constitute the main kind of food of Rollers are greatly affected by the weather in spring, we assumed that their abundance may differ from year to year in association with differences in weather conditions. We predicted that egg size-clutch size relationship and egg traits should differ between years in correspondence with environmental conditions prior to the time of egg laying. We also predicted that variation in egg size and shape should have some fitness-related consequences. We found that year and clutch size interacted in their influence on egg size: in one year egg size was positively and in another year negatively related to clutch size. We also found that egg shape (sphericity) was positively associated with clutch size and negatively related with the date of laying. Both egg size and sphericity in shape positively affected hatching success, thus confirming the existence of fitness consequences of variation in the traits of Roller eggs. Our results are in general consistent with theoretical expectations, but we failed to find any specific links between egg size variation and the decline of the study population.f [Gorski, Andrzej; Nowakowski, Jacek J.] Univ Warmia & Maztuy Olsztyn, Dept Ecol & Environm Protect, Plac Ladzki 3, PL-10727 Olsztyn, Poland; [Banbura, Jerzy] Univ Lodz, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, Dept Expt Zool & Evolutionary Biol, Banacha 12-16, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland Banbura, J (reprint author), Univ Lodz, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, Dept Expt Zool & Evolutionary Biol, Banacha 12-16, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland. jbanb@biol.uni.lodz.pl Banbura, Jerzy/U-6197-2017; Nowakowski, Jacek/J-2917-2013 Banbura, Jerzy/0000-0002-7479-3117; Nowakowski, Jacek/0000-0001-9475-2868 Aviles Jesus M., 1999, Avocetta, V23, P28; Aviles JM, 2004, BIRD CONSERV INT, V14, P173, DOI 10.1017/S095927090400022X; BANBURA J, 1990, J ORNITHOL, V131, P305, DOI 10.1007/BF01641002; Banbura Jerzy, 1998, Ardeola, V45, P183; Banbura M, 2010, ACTA ORNITHOL, V45, P121, DOI 10.3161/000164510X551264; Barta Z, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P656, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00136.x; Becker WA, 1984, MANUAL QUANTITATIVE; Christians JK, 2002, BIOL REV, V77, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005784; Chylarecki P, 1993, 4 C EUR SOC EV BIOL, V82; Chylarecki P., 1997, ACTA ORNITHOL, V32, P137; CRAMP S., 1988, BIRDS W PALEARCTIC, V5; Crawley M., 2003, STAT COMPUTING; Dementev G.P., 1951, PTITZY SOVETSKOGO SO, V1; Frampton GK, 2000, J APPL ECOL, V37, P865, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00541.x; Gorski A., 2005, THESIS U WROCLAW; Heck RH, 2012, QUANT METH SER, P1; Heck RH, 2010, QUANT METH SER, P1; Hellmich Joachim, 1995, Ornithologische Mitteilungen, V47, P9; HOYT DF, 1979, AUK, V96, P73; Hudec K., 1983, PTACI AVES, VIII; Jarvinen A, 1996, IBIS, V138, P620; Krist M, 2011, BIOL REV, V86, P692, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00166.x; Makatsch W, 1976, EIER VOGEL EUROPAS; Nikisrorov M.J., 1989, PTICY BELORUSSII; OJANEN M, 1979, ORNIS SCAND, V10, P22, DOI 10.2307/3676340; OJANEN M, 1978, Ornis Fennica, V55, P60; Parejo D, 2012, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V66, P1097, DOI 10.1007/s00265-012-1360-1; Parejo D, 2015, EVOL BIOL, V42, P443, DOI 10.1007/s11692-015-9337-4; PERRINS CM, 1970, IBIS, V112, P242, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1970.tb00096.x; Perrins CM, 1996, IBIS, V138, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb04308.x; REZNICK D, 1985, OIKOS, V44, P257, DOI 10.2307/3544698; Skwarska J., 2015, ACTA ORNITHOL, V50, P95; SMITH CC, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P499, DOI 10.1086/282929; Stearns S. C., 1992, EVOLUTION LIFE HIST; Tomialoje L., 2003, AVIFAUNA POLAND, VII; Tryjanowski P, 2004, J ORNITHOL, V145, P264, DOI 10.1007/s10336-004-0035-8; Vaisanen R.A., 1969, BIOLOGICA, V149, P1; ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL 38 2 2 2 12 BIRDLIFE FINLAND HELSINKI PO BOX 1285, HELSINKI, 00101, FINLAND 0030-5685 ORNIS FENNICA Ornis Fenn. 2015 92 4 213 220 8 Ornithology Zoology DB6TZ WOS:000368649900005 2018-11-12 S Heino, M; Diaz Pauli, B; Dieckmann, U Futuyma, DJ Heino, Mikko; Diaz Pauli, Beatriz; Dieckmann, Ulf Fisheries-Induced Evolution ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 46 Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics English Review; Book Chapter applied evolution; behavior; life-history theory; phenotypic change; selection COD GADUS-MORHUA; MATURATION REACTION NORMS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-LAVARETUS; EXPLOITED FISH POPULATIONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L Increased mortality from fishing is expected to favor faster life histories, realized through earlier maturation, increased reproductive investment, and reduced postmaturation growth. There is also direct and indirect selection on behavioral traits. Molecular genetic methods have so far contributed minimally to understanding such fisheries-induced evolution (FIE), but a large body of literature studying evolution using phenotypic methods has suggested that H in life-history traits, in particular maturation traits, is commonplace in exploited fish populations. Although no phenotypic study in the wild can individually provide conclusive evidence for FIE, the observed common pattern suggests a common explanation, strengthening the case for HE. This interpretation is supported by theoretical and experimental studies. Evidence for FIE of behavioral traits is limited from the wild, but strong from experimental studies. We suggest that such evolution is also common, but has so far been overlooked. 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Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2015 46 461 + 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-054339 34 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology BE0XG WOS:000367292700021 2018-11-12 J Reynolds, JJ; McCrea, SM Reynolds, Joshua J.; McCrea, Sean M. Exploitative and Deceptive Resource Acquisition Strategies: The Role of Life History Strategy and Life History Contingencies EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY English Article life history strategy; life history environmental influences; exploitative and deceptive resource acquisition strategies GUPPIES POECILIA-RETICULATA; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETICAL EVOLUTION; SEXUAL COERCION; MATING-EFFORT; K-SELECTION; FIT INDEXES; R-SELECTION; PERSONALITY Life history strategy (LHS) and life history contingencies (LHCs) should theoretically influence the use of exploitative and deceptive resource acquisition strategies. However, little research has been done in this area. The purpose of the present work was to create measures of exploitative strategies and test the predictions of life history theory. Pilot studies developed and validated a behavioral measure of cheating called the Dot Game. The role of individual LHS and LHCs (manipulated via validated story primes) on cheating was investigated in Study 1. Studies 2a through 2c were conducted to develop and validate a self-report measure called the Exploitative and Deceptive Resource Acquisition Strategy Scale (EDRASS). Finally, Study 3 investigated life history and EDRASS. Results indicated that while LHS influences exploitative strategies, life history contingences had little effect. Implications of these findings are discussed. 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Understanding reproductive decisions in both the contemporary market-based economies of wealthy nation-states and rapidly changing populations largely of the Global South presents particular challenges to evolutionary life-history theory for several reasons. These include (a) the rapidity with which reproductive patterns change, (b) the magnitude of fertility reduction from previous equilibria, and (c) the frequent absence or even reversal of expected wealth-fertility gradients. These empirical challenges have been met to an increasing extent by specifically incorporating durable wealth and resource transfers into more traditional life-history models. Such relatively new models build on classical life-history theory to generate novel predictions. Among these are quite robust predictions that the existence of heritable wealth will decrease optimal fertility and that, once the system of resource transfers is established, fertility and resource transfers will coevolve. 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Rev. Anthropol. 2015 44 513 531 10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-013938 19 Anthropology Anthropology BD7OT WOS:000363402200030 2018-11-12 J Jonason, PK; Kroll, CH Jonason, Peter K.; Kroll, Christopher H. A Multidimensional View of the Relationship Between Empathy and the Dark Triad JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES English Article dark triad; narcissism; psychopathy; Machiavellianism; sex differences; empathy DIRTY DOZEN MEASURE; LIFE-HISTORY THEORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; PSYCHOPATHY; MACHIAVELLIANISM; PERSONALITY; VALIDITY; TRAITS; NARCISSISM The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are linked to individual differences in empathy, but what we know about these connections is limited to unidimensional or bidimensional conceptualizations of empathy and to English-speaking samples. Hence, we replicated and extended previous research by applying a multidimensional measure of empathy to the study of how empathy is linked to the Dark Triad in a German sample (N = 516). By doing so, we provided more detail about the way the Dark Triad traits are linked to individual differences in empathy in a unique sample. Narcissism was linked to empathy skills whereas psychopathy was linked to empathy deficits. The Dark Triad traits were stronger in men than in women, while women showed more empathic abilities. The sex differences in the Dark Triad traits were mediated by empathy. We also showed that the paths to empathy in the sexes differ in terms of quantity and quality. We discuss our results from an evolutionary perspective. [Jonason, Peter K.] Univ Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; [Kroll, Christopher H.] Univ Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Jonason, PK (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. pkjonason@gmail.com Ali F, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V47, P758, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.016; Baron-Cohen S, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P163, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00; Buss DM, 2009, PERSPECT PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P359, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x; BUSS DM, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P204, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204; Confer JC, 2010, AM PSYCHOL, V65, P110, DOI 10.1037/a0018413; Davis M., 1980, JSAS CATALOG SELECTE, V10, P85, DOI DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.44.1.113; DAVIS MH, 1983, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V44, P113, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113; DEWAAL FBM, 1996, GOOD NATURED; EISENBERG N, 1990, MOTIV EMOTION, V14, P131, DOI 10.1007/BF00991640; GANGESTAD SW, 1993, ETHOL SOCIOBIOL, V14, P89, DOI 10.1016/0162-3095(93)90009-7; Giammarco EA, 2014, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V67, P23, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.010; HALL JA, 2001, INTERPERSONAL SENSIT; Henrich J, 2010, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V33, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X0999152X; Jonason PK, 2014, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V67, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.006; Jonason PK, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V55, P532, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.027; Jonason PK, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V55, P76, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.010; Jonason PK, 2013, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V11, P172, DOI 10.1177/147470491301100116; Jonason PK, 2013, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V54, P572, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.009; Jonason PK, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V53, P935, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.010; Jonason PK, 2012, EVOL PSYCHOL-US, V10, P400, DOI 10.1177/147470491201000303; Jonason PK, 2012, REV GEN PSYCHOL, V16, P192, DOI 10.1037/a0027914; Jonason PK, 2012, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V52, P521, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.023; Jonason PK, 2010, HUM NATURE-INT BIOS, V21, P428, DOI 10.1007/s12110-010-9102-4; Jonason PK, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V49, P611, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031; Jonason PK, 2010, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V22, P420, DOI 10.1037/a0019265; Jonason PK, 2009, EUR J PERSONALITY, V23, P5, DOI 10.1002/per.698; Jones DN, 2011, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V51, P679, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.011; Kufner ACP, 2015, DIAGNOSTICA, V61, P76, DOI 10.1026/0012-1924/a000124; Leslie KR, 2004, NEUROIMAGE, V21, P601, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.038; Maples JL, 2014, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V26, P326, DOI 10.1037/a0035084; McDonald M. 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Differ. 2015 36 3 150 156 10.1027/1614-0001/a000166 7 Psychology, Social Psychology CN0KW WOS:000358103500003 2018-11-12 J Stich, DS; Jiao, Y; Murphy, BR Stich, Daniel S.; Jiao, Yan; Murphy, Brian R. Life, Death, and Resurrection: Accounting for State Uncertainty in Survival Estimation from Tagged Grass Carp NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT English Article NATURAL MORTALITY; POPULATION-SIZE; MULTIPLE STATES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NORTH-CAROLINA; LAKE GASTON; RECAPTURE; TELEMETRY; HYDRILLA; CAPTURE Information about Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella survival would be useful for improving the management of fish used for aquatic weed control. Reliable methods for estimating annual poststocking survival of Grass Carp from radiotelemetry data do not exist because the fish remain sedentary for prolonged periods between movements, giving the false impression of death, only to be observed alive (i.e., "resurrected") at a later date. We constructed a state-space, multistate mark-recapture survival model accounting for uncertainty in the live/dead states of tagged Grass Carp in a large (8,500 ha) reservoir, and we estimated monthly and annual survival. Model results were compared with life history-based methods for estimating survival, and survival estimates that were corrected for state misclassification were compared with uncorrected estimates. Corrected estimates of annual survival (mean = 0.23; 95% credible interval [CRI] D 0.15-0.41) contained less bias than uncorrected estimates (0.12; 95% CRI = 0.08-0.18). However, both corrected and uncorrected estimates were substantially lower than the survival expected based on life history theory (mean D 0.69; 95% confidence interval D 0.52-0.78), suggesting that mark-recapture survival estimates for Grass Carp might be negatively biased due to tag shedding, tag-related mortality, or both. Our model effectively reduced bias in monthly and annual survival estimates due to state misclassification, illustrating the potential for application of existing mark-recapture frameworks to estimate Grass Carp survival with telemetry data, despite the behavioral idiosyncrasies of the species. Furthermore, these methods may have application for studies of other animals that undergo periodic quiescence between movements, such as salmonids, ictalurids, and reef fishes. To account for bias resulting from tag loss, future mark-recapture studies of Grass Carp could incorporate tag shedding rates within the framework developed here. [Stich, Daniel S.; Jiao, Yan; Murphy, Brian R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Stich, DS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04450 USA. daniel.stich@maine.edu Lake Gaston Weed Control Council; Acorn Alcinda Foundation; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture We thank Vic Dicenzo and Emmanuel Frimpong (Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) and William Halteman (Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine) for thoughtful reviews, guidance, and constructive discussions about early versions of this paper. We thank Bill Kendall and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. We acknowledge considerable reliance upon R and JAGS code written by Marc Kery and Michael Schaub (available: www.vogelwarte.com/bpa.html). As such, the model code used in the present study will be made available upon request. This research was primarily funded by the Lake Gaston Weed Control Council and the Acorn Alcinda Foundation. Additional funding for this work was provided by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and by Hatch funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture. 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For mammals, mother's milk is an important physiological pathway for nutrient transfer and glucocorticoid signaling that potentially influences offspring growth and behavioral phenotype. Glucocorticoids in mother's milk have been associated with offspring behavioral phenotype in several mammals, but studies have been handicapped by not simultaneously evaluating milk energy density and yield. This is problematic as milk glucocorticoids and nutrients likely have simultaneous effects on offspring phenotype. We investigated mother's milk and infant temperament and growth in a cohort of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) mother-infant dyads at the California National Primate Research Center (N = 108). Glucocorticoids in mother's milk, independent of available milk energy, predicted a more Nervous, less Confident temperament in both sons and daughters. We additionally found sex differences in the windows of sensitivity and the magnitude of sensitivity to maternal-origin glucocorticoids. Lower parity mothers produced milk with higher cortisol concentrations. Lastly, higher cortisol concentrations in milk were associated with greater infant weight gain across time. Taken together, these results suggest that mothers with fewer somatic resources, even in captivity, may be "programming" through cortisol signaling, behaviorally cautious offspring that prioritize growth. Glucocorticoids ingested through milk may importantly contribute to the assimilation of available milk energy, development of temperament, and orchestrate, in part, the allocation of maternal milk energy between growth and behavioral phenotype. [Hinde, Katie; Skibiel, Amy L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Hinde, Katie; Del Rosso, Laura; Mendoza, Sally P.; Capitanio, John P.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Brain Mind & Behav Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Hinde, Katie] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA; [Skibiel, Amy L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; [Foster, Alison B.] Mills Coll, Div Early Childhood, Oakland, CA 94613 USA; [Mendoza, Sally P.; Capitanio, John P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Hinde, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, 11 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. khinde@fas.harvard.edu National Science Foundation [BCS-0921978, BCS-0525025]; National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health [R24RR019970, P51RR000169]; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD at the National Institutes of Health [R24OD010962, P51OD011107] This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0921978 and BCS-0525025 to K.H.), the National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health (R24RR019970 to J.P.C., P51RR000169 to CNPRC), currently supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD at the National Institutes of Health (R24OD010962 to J.P.C., P51OD011107 to CNPRC). 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Size-fecundity relationships explain the temperature-size rule in a pulmonate snail (Physa) JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article body size; fecundity; Physa; reproductive allometry; temperature-size rule FRESH-WATER SNAIL; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITE; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY; METABOLIC-RATE; DAPHNIA-PULEX; REPRODUCTIVE ALLOMETRY; GROWTH TRAJECTORIES Most ectotherms follow a pattern of size plasticity known as the temperature-size rule where individuals reared in cold environments are larger at maturation than those reared in warm environments. This pattern seems maladaptive because growth is slower in the cold so it takes longer to reach a large size. However, it may be adaptive if reaching a large size has a greater benefit in a cold than in a warm environment such as when size-dependent mortality or size-dependent fecundity depends on temperature. I present a theoretical model showing how a correlation between temperature and the size-fecundity relationship affects optimal size at maturation. I parameterize the model using data from a freshwater pulmonate snail from the genus Physa. Nine families were reared from hatching in one of three temperature regimes (daytime temperature of 22, 25 or 28 degrees C, night-time temperature of 22 degrees C, under a 12L:12D light cycle). Eight of the nine families followed the temperature-size rule indicating genetic variation for this plasticity. As predicted, the size-fecundity relationship depended upon temperature; fecundity increases steeply with size in the coldest treatment, less steeply in the intermediate treatment, and shows no relationship with size in the warmest treatment. Thus, following the temperature-size rule is adaptive for this species. Although rarely measured under multiple conditions, size-fecundity relationships seem to be sensitive to a number of environmental conditions in addition to temperature including local productivity, competition and predation. If this form of plasticity is as widespread as it appears to be, this model shows that such plasticity has the potential to greatly modify current life-history theory. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA Arendt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. 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Within-season increase in parental investment in a long-lived bird species: investment shifts to maximize successful reproduction? JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY English Article Acanthiza pusilla; approach distance; feeding visits; longevity; mobbing calls; parental investment; predation; prior experience; renesting opportunities; reproductive trade-off NEST VISITATION RATES; LIFE-HISTORY; PREDATION RISK; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BROWN THORNBILLS; PIED FLYCATCHER; SIBERIAN JAY; TRADE-OFF; GREAT TIT; DEFENSE In nest-building species predation of nest contents is a main cause of reproductive failure and parents have to trade off reproductive investment against antipredatory behaviours. While this trade-off is modified by lifespan (short-lived species prioritize current reproduction; long-lived species prioritize future reproduction), it may vary within a breeding season, but this idea has only been tested in short-lived species. Yet, life history theory does not make any prediction how long-lived species should trade off current against future reproductive investment within a season. Here, we investigated this trade-off through predator-exposure experiments in a long-lived bird species, the brown thornbill. We exposed breeding pairs that had no prior within-season reproductive success to the models of a nest predator and a predator of adults during their first or second breeding attempt. Overall, parents reduced their feeding rate in the presence of a predator, but parents feeding second broods were more risk sensitive and almost ceased feeding when exposed to both types of predators. However, during second breeding attempts, parents had larger clutches and a higher feeding rate in the absence of predators than during first breeding attempts and approached both types of predators closer when mobbing. Our results suggest that the trade-off between reproductive investment and risk-taking can change in a long-lived species within a breeding season depending on both prior nest predation and renesting opportunities. These patterns correspond to those in short-lived species, raising the question of whether a within-season shift in reproductive investment trade-offs is independent of lifespan. [Schneider, N. A.; Griesser, M.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden; [Schneider, N. A.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Griesser, M.] Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Griesser, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. michael.griesser@uzh.ch Griesser, Michael/J-4542-2012 Griesser, Michael/0000-0002-2220-2637 Swedish Research Council VR [621-2008-5349]; Swiss National Science Foundation [PPOOP3-123520]; Stiftelsen Lars Hiertas Minne [FO2010-0041] We thank Cathrine Young, Naoko Takeuchi and Costantino Marullo for help in the field, Erik Wapstra for his general support, Parks Tasmania for being able to use Trevallyn Nature Recreation Area as a study site and Western Australian Museum and Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery for loaning of the models. Matthew Low, Grzegorz Mikusinski, Andy Radford, Simone Webber and anonymous reviewers gave valuable comments on the manuscript. 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JAN 2015 28 1 231 240 10.1111/jeb.12561 10 Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity CA6BH WOS:000348992900019 25430672 Bronze 2018-11-12 J Li, DM; Hao, YC; Liu, XL; Yao, Y; Du, C; Zhang, XR; Cui, S; Wu, LN; Wu, YF Li, Dongming; Hao, Yinchao; Liu, Xuelu; Yao, Yao; Du, Chao; Zhang, Xiaorui; Cui, Shuo; Wu, Lina; Wu, Yuefeng Changes in phytohaemagglutinin skin-swelling responses during the breeding season in a multi-brooded species, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow: do males with higher testosterone levels show stronger immune responses? JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY English Article Eurasian Tree Sparrow; Phytohaemagglutinin skin-swelling responses; Testosterone; Multi-brooded species IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP HYPOTHESIS; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; TROPICAL HOUSE SPARROWS; JUNCOS JUNCO-HYEMALIS; TRADE-OFFS; PASSER-DOMESTICUS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PIED FLYCATCHERS; ANNUAL-CYCLE Life-history theory assumes that the fitness costs of immunity may have negative effects on reproductive success. Similarly, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis is based on findings that testosterone (T) has immunosuppressive effects, although the basis of this hypothesis has recently been challenged. As much of the work examining the relationship between T levels and immune function has been carried out in captive-housed species, these results may not accurately reflect the situation of animals living in natural environments. To better understand the relationship between plasma T levels and immune function, studies focusing on free-living animals are needed. A previous study by our group determined the changes in both baseline and stress-induced T levels in free-living Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) across different annual cycle stages. In this study, we further report the phytohaemagglutinin skin-swelling (PHA) immune response in this multi-brooded species during different breeding sub-stages, and then determine the relationships between the PHA response and both baseline and stress-induced T levels. Our results show that the PHA response varied across the different sub-stages and differed significantly between the first and second brood stage. Furthermore, T levels in male Tree Sparrows are positively correlated with the PHA response during the breeding season, whereas this relationship is negative in females, suggesting that the biological function of T differs between the sexes. Therefore, our results suggest that free-living animals have evolved the ability to orchestrate trade-offs between reproduction and immune functions based on changes in physiology and the environment, which should provide further opportunities to study the flexibility and plasticity of physiological and ecological adaptations in natural environments. [Li, Dongming; Hao, Yinchao; Liu, Xuelu; Yao, Yao; Du, Chao; Zhang, Xiaorui; Cui, Shuo; Wu, Lina; Wu, Yuefeng] Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Anim Physiol Biochem & Mol Biol Hebei Pro, Shijiazhuang 050024, Peoples R China; [Wu, Lina] Xingtai Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Xingtai 054001, Peoples R China Li, DM (reprint author), Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Anim Physiol Biochem & Mol Biol Hebei Pro, Shijiazhuang 050024, Peoples R China. lidngmng@gmail.com; wuyuefeng1957@gmail.com Li, Dongming/0000-0003-2759-3435 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31000191, 31330073]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China [2011M500537]; Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (NSFHB) [2012205018]; NSFHB [2013205018] We are very grateful to Xianzhao Zhou, Xiaofei Ma, Ji Zhang, Chenyang Hao for their expert assistance with field and laboratory work. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 31000191; 31330073), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2011M500537), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (NSFHB, 2012205018) to Dongming Li, and NSFHB (2013205018) to Yuefeng Wu. 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Ornithol. JAN 2015 156 1 133 141 10.1007/s10336-014-1104-2 9 Ornithology Zoology AY6WO WOS:000347703700014 2018-11-12 J Horrocks, NPC; Hegemann, A; Ostrowski, S; Ndithia, H; Shobrak, M; Williams, JB; Matson, KD; Tieleman, BI Horrocks, Nicholas P. C.; Hegemann, Arne; Ostrowski, Stephane; Ndithia, Henry; Shobrak, Mohammed; Williams, Joseph B.; Matson, Kevin D.; Tieleman, B. I. Environmental proxies of antigen exposure explain variation in immune investment better than indices of pace of life OECOLOGIA English Article Alaudidae; Aridity; Ecological immunology; Lark; Life history FEMALE PIED FLYCATCHERS; TROPICAL BIRDS; TRADE-OFFS; ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; NATURAL ANTIBODIES; ARIDITY GRADIENT; SOUTH-AFRICA; HISTORY; PATTERNS Investment in immune defences is predicted to covary with a variety of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant axes, with pace of life and environmental antigen exposure being two examples. These axes may themselves covary directly or inversely, and such relationships can lead to conflicting predictions regarding immune investment. If pace of life shapes immune investment then, following life history theory, slow-living, arid zone and tropical species should invest more in immunity than fast-living temperate species. Alternatively, if antigen exposure drives immune investment, then species in antigen-rich tropical and temperate environments are predicted to exhibit higher immune indices than species from antigen-poor arid locations. To test these contrasting predictions we investigated how variation in pace of life and antigen exposure influence immune investment in related lark species (Alaudidae) with differing life histories and predicted risks of exposure to environmental microbes and parasites. We used clutch size and total number of eggs laid per year as indicators of pace of life, and aridity, and the climatic variables that influence aridity, as correlates of antigen abundance. We quantified immune investment by measuring four indices of innate immunity. Pace of life explained little of the variation in immune investment, and only one immune measure correlated significantly with pace of life, but not in the predicted direction. Conversely, aridity, our proxy for environmental antigen exposure, was predictive of immune investment, and larks in more mesic environments had higher immune indices than those living in arid, low-risk locations. Our study suggests that abiotic environmental variables with strong ties to environmental antigen exposure can be important correlates of immunological variation. [Horrocks, Nicholas P. C.; Hegemann, Arne; Ndithia, Henry; Matson, Kevin D.; Tieleman, B. I.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands; [Horrocks, Nicholas P. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Behav Ecol Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England; [Ostrowski, Stephane] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA; [Ndithia, Henry] Natl Museums Kenya, Dept Ornithol, Nairobi, Kenya; [Shobrak, Mohammed] Taif Univ, Dept Biol, Coll Sci, At Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; [Williams, Joseph B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Horrocks, NPC (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 11103, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. nh415@cam.ac.uk Matson, Kevin/G-3855-2010 Matson, Kevin/0000-0002-4373-5926; Hegemann, Arne/0000-0002-3309-9866 Schure-Beijerinck-Poppings Fonds; BirdLife Netherlands; NSF [IBN 0212587]; VENI grant Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; VIDI grant from Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; Wildlife Conservation Society We thank the following people and organisations for logistical support, and for permission to work with wild birds: HRH Prince Bandar bin Saud, Secretary General of the Saudi Wildlife Commission, Mr Ahmad Al Bouq, Director of the National Wildlife Research Center and staff at Taif and Mahazat as-Sayd, Saudi Arabia; Staatsbosbeheer and volunteers on the Aekingerzand Lark Project, the Netherlands; Muchai Muchane, National Museums Kenya, Friends of Kinangop Plateau, and Sarah Higgins, Kenya. Sample collection in Afghanistan was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development and its collaborative grantee the Wildlife Conservation Society. We thank Bob Ricklefs for commenting on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Dieter Luckas and Rose Thorogood for assistance with phylogenetic analyses. Two anonymous reviewers also gave useful comments on an earlier manuscript draft. Financial support came from the Schure-Beijerinck-Poppings Fonds (to N. P. C. H. and A. H.), BirdLife Netherlands (to B. I. T.), NSF grant IBN 0212587 (to J. B. W.), and VENI and VIDI grants from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (to K. D. M. and B. I. T.). 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Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES English Article Life history traits; Life history strategies; Predictive models; Biodiversity FRESH-WATER FISHES; PATTERNS; TRAITS Predictive models have been used to determine fish species that occur less frequently than expected (decreasers) and those that occur more frequently than expected (increasers) in streams in the eastern U.S. Coupling life history traits with 51 decreaser and 38 increaser fish species provided the opportunity to examine potential mechanisms associated with predicted changes in fish species distributions in eastern streams. We assigned six life history traits - fecundity, longevity, maturation age, maximum total length, parental care, and spawning season duration - to each fish species. Decreaser species were significantly smaller in size and shorter-lived with reduced fecundity and shorter spawning seasons compared to increaser species. Cluster analysis of traits revealed correspondence with a life history model defining equilibrium (low fecundity, high parental care), opportunistic (early maturation, low parental care), and periodic (late maturation, high fecundity, low parental care) end-point strategies. Nearly 50 % of decreaser species were associated with an intermediate opportunistic-periodic strategy, suggesting that abiotic factors such as habitat specialization and streamflow alteration may serve as important influences on life history traits and strategies of decreaser species. In contrast, the percent of increaser species among life history strategy groups ranged from 21 to 32 %, suggesting that life history strategies of increaser species were more diverse than those of decreaser species. This study highlights the utility of linking life history theory to biodiversity to better understand mechanisms that contribute to fish species distributions in the eastern U.S. [Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA; [Brown, Larry M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. mrmeador@usgs.gov ANGERMEIER PL, 1995, CONSERV BIOL, V9, P143, DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010143.x; Chizinski CJ, 2003, TEX J SCI, V55, P263; Del-Val EK, 2005, J ECOL, V93, P1005, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01011.x; Diniz JAF, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1247, DOI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02006.x; Drake JM, 2007, FUNCT ECOL, V21, P963, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01318.x; Frimpong EA, 2009, FISHERIES, V34, P487, DOI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.10.487; Graham CH, 2004, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V19, P497, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.006; King JR, 2003, FISHERIES MANAG ECOL, V10, P249, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00359.x; KINSOLVING AD, 1993, ECOL APPL, V3, P531, DOI 10.2307/1941921; Legendre L., 1998, NUMERICAL ECOLOGY; Leopold LB, 1964, FLUVIAL PROCESSES GE; Luiz OJ, 2013, ADULT LARVAL TRAITS; MAC ARTHUR ROBERT H., 1967; Marchetti MP, 2004, ECOL APPL, V14, P587, DOI 10.1890/02-5301; McCann K, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2957, DOI 10.2307/176529; McCann K, 1997, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V54, P1289, DOI 10.1139/cjfas-54-6-1289; McCune B., 1999, PC ORD MULTIVARIATE; Meador MR, 2009, T AM FISH SOC, V138, P725, DOI 10.1577/T08-132.1; Meador MR, 2008, T AM FISH SOC, V137, P13, DOI 10.1577/T07-054.1; MEADOR MR, 1992, AM MIDL NAT, V127, P106, DOI 10.2307/2426326; Miller WJ, 2005, HOMYHEAD CHUB NOCOMI; Mims MC, 2010, ECOL FRESHW FISH, V19, P390, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00422.x; Moulton S. 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Fishes JAN 2015 98 2 663 677 10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1 15 Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology AY4DA WOS:000347527200016 2018-11-12 J Wasik, BR; Bhushan, A; Ogbunugafor, CB; Turner, PE Wasik, Brian R.; Bhushan, Ambika; Ogbunugafor, C. Brandon; Turner, Paul E. Delayed transmission selects for increased survival of vesicular stomatitis virus EVOLUTION English Article Adaptation; evolutionary genomics; experimental evolution; life-history evolution; trade-offs; virus RNA VIRUS; LIFE-HISTORY; EVOLUTION; VIRULENCE; POPULATIONS; PHARAOH; CURSE; INACTIVATION; ADAPTATION; PATHOGENS Life-history theory predicts that traits for survival and reproduction cannot be simultaneously maximized in evolving populations. For this reason, in obligate parasites such as infectious viruses, selection for improved between-host survival during transmission may lead to evolution of decreased within-host reproduction. We tested this idea using experimental evolution of RNA virus populations, passaged under differing transmission times in the laboratory. A single ancestral genotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-sense RNA Rhabdovirus, was used to found multiple virus lineages evolved in either ordinary 24-h cell-culture passage, or in delayed passages of 48 h. After 30 passages (120 generations of viral evolution), we observed that delayed transmission selected for improved extracellular survival, which traded-off with lowered viral fecundity (slower exponential population growth and smaller mean plaque size). To further examine the confirmed evolutionary trade-off, we obtained consensus whole-genome sequences of evolved virus populations, to infer phenotype-genotype associations. Results implied that increased virus survival did not occur via convergence; rather, improved virion stability was gained via independent mutations in various VSV structural proteins. Our study suggests that RNA viruses can evolve different molecular solutions for enhanced survival despite their limited genetic architecture, but suffer generalized reproductive trade-offs that limit overall fitness gains. [Turner, Paul E.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA Wasik, BR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, James A Baker Inst Anim Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. paul.turner@yale.edu Wasik, Brian/0000-0001-5442-3883 U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-1021243]; U.S. National Institutes of Health [R01-AI091646-01]; Yale College Dean's Research Fellowship; Yale Science and Engineering Association grant; United Negro College Fund-Merck Science Initiative We thank members of the Turner Laboratory, A. de Visser, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable feedback on the study. This work was supported by grant #DEB-1021243 from the U.S. National Science Foundation, and by grant #R01-AI091646-01 from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. AB was supported by the Yale College Dean's Research Fellowship and a Yale Science and Engineering Association grant. CBO received graduate and postdoctoral funding from the United Negro College Fund-Merck Science Initiative. 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Life history theory predicts that effort put into somatic maintenance (health) should vary with sex, mating and parenting status because men and women have different costs of reproduction, and because life transitions such as family formation alter the fitness payoffs from investing in current versus future reproduction. However, few tests of how such life history parameters influence behaviours closely linked to survival exist. Here we examine whether specific forms of preventable death (accidents/suicides, alcohol-related causes, and other preventable diseases) are predicted by marital status and dependent offspring in a modem developed context; that of Northern Ireland. We predict that men, non-partnered individuals and individuals who do not have dependent offspring will be at higher risk of preventable death. Running survival analyses on the entire adult population (aged 16-59, n = 927,134) controlling for socioeconomic position (SEP) and other potential confounds, we find that being single (compared to cohabiting/married) increases risk of accidental/suicide death for men (but not for women), whereas having dependent children is associated with lower risk of preventable mortality for women but less so for men. We also find that the protective effect of partners is larger for men with low SEP than for high SEP men. Findings support life history predictions and suggest that individuals respond to variation in fitness costs linked to their mating and parenting status. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. [Uggla, Caroline; Mace, Ruth] UCL, Dept Anthropol, London WC1H 0BW, England Uggla, C (reprint author), UCL, Dept Anthropol, Human Evolutionary Ecol Grp, 14 Taviton St, London WC1H 0BW, England. caroline.uggla.09@ucl.ac.uk Mace, Ruth/0000-0002-6137-7739 Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (HSC RD Division); NISRA; Economic Social Research Council; Northern Ireland Government; ERC [AdG 249347]; University College London Impact We thank David Lawson, Antonio Silva and two anonymous reviewers for critique and Michael Rosato for construction of the socioeconomic index. We acknowledge the help provided by the staff of the Northern Ireland Mortality Study (NIMS) Support Unit. The NIMS is funded by the Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency (HSC R&D Division) and NISRA. The NILS-RSU is funded by the Economic Social Research Council and the Northern Ireland Government. The authors alone are responsible for the interpretation of the data, and any views or opinions presented are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of NIMS. Funding was provided by the ERC (grant AdG 249347) and the University College London Impact. Abraham E, 2014, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V111, P9792, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1402569111; Alvergne A, 2009, HORM BEHAV, V56, P491, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.07.013; BENSHLOMO Y, 1993, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V47, P200, DOI 10.1136/jech.47.3.200; Box-Steffensmeier JM, 2002, J POLIT, V64, P1069, DOI 10.1111/1468-2508.00163; Brown GR, 2009, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V24, P297, DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.005; Buck D, 2012, CLUSTERING UNHEALTHY; Burnham K. 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JAN 2015 36 1 1 7 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.07.008 7 Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Social Sciences, Biomedical Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical Social Sciences AY3SG WOS:000347502200001 25593513 Green Published, Other Gold 2018-11-12 J Hamalainen, A; Dammhahn, M; Aujard, F; Kraus, C Hamalainen, Anni; Dammhahn, Melanie; Aujard, Fabienne; Kraus, Cornelia Losing grip: Senescent decline in physical strength in a small-bodied primate in captivity and in the wild EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY English Article Functional aging; Grip strength; Microcebus murinus; Natural population; Sarcopenia; Sex difference LEMUR MICROCEBUS-MURINUS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; GRAY MOUSE LEMURS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; FAT-FREE MASS; BITE FORCE; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; BODY-COMPOSITION; FEMALE DOMINANCE; LIFE-SPAN Muscle strength reflects physical functioning, declines at old age and predicts health and survival in humans and laboratory animals. Age-associated muscle deterioration causes loss of strength and may impair fitness of wild animals. However, the effects of age and life-history characteristics on muscle strength in wild animals are unknown. We investigated environment-and sex-specific patterns of physical functioning by measuring grip strength in wild and captive gray mouse lemurs. We expected more pronounced strength senescence in captivity due to condition-dependent, extrinsic mortality found in nature. Males were predicted to be stronger but potentially experience more severe senescence than females as predicted by life history theory. We found similar senescent declines in captive males and females as well as wild females, whereas wild males showed little decline, presumably due to their early mortality. Captive animals were generally weaker and showed earlier declines than wild animals. Unexpectedly, females tended to be stronger than males, especially in the reproductive season. Universal intrinsic mechanisms (e. g. sarcopenia) likely cause the similar patterns of strength loss across settings. The female advantage in muscle strength merits further study; it may follow higher reproductive investment by males, or be an adaptation associated with female social dominance. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [Hamalainen, Anni; Kraus, Cornelia] Univ Gottingen, Sociobiol Anthropol Dept, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany; [Hamalainen, Anni; Dammhahn, Melanie; Kraus, Cornelia] German Primate Ctr DPZ, Behav Ecol & Sociobiol Unit, Gottingen, Germany; [Dammhahn, Melanie] Univ Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany; [Aujard, Fabienne] CNRS, UMR 7179, Brunoy, France; [Aujard, Fabienne] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Brunoy, France Hamalainen, A (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Sociobiol Anthropol Dept, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. anni.m.hamalainen@gmail.com Hamalainen, Anni/E-1890-2018; Hamalainen, Anni/L-9894-2018 Hamalainen, Anni/0000-0001-9260-8299; DFG [KR3834/1-1]; Commission Tripartite; CAFF of the Direction des Eaux et Forets; CNFEREF Morondava All research reported in this study complied with animal care regulations and applicable national laws of Madagascar and was approved by the Ministere de l'Environment et des Eaux et Forets, MINEEF. Research at the Brunoy breeding colony is authorized by the agreement DDPP, Essonne, France no. E91-114-1. We acknowledge the authorization and support for this study by Prof. D. Rakotondravony (Departement de Biologie Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo), the Commission Tripartite and the CAFF of the Direction des Eaux et Forets, and the CNFEREF Morondava. We thank J. Marchal for her generous help with the logistics in Brunoy, R. Rasoloarison and L. Razafimanantsoa for logistic help in Madagascar, and P. Kappeler and M. Perret for their support. The study would not have been possible without the assistance of the animal keepers in Brunoy and the Kirindy field assistants, in particular J. P. Tolojanahary and B. Tsiverimana. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Funding was provided by the DFG (KR3834/1-1, awarded to C. Kraus). 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F., 2009, MIXED EFFECTS MODELS 104 4 4 2 34 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND 0531-5565 1873-6815 EXP GERONTOL Exp. Gerontol. JAN 2015 61 54 61 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.017 8 Geriatrics & Gerontology Geriatrics & Gerontology AY3EY WOS:000347468500008 25446501 2018-11-12 J Prowse, TAA; Correll, RA; Johnson, CN; Prideaux, GJ; Brook, BW Prowse, Thomas A. A.; Correll, Rachel A.; Johnson, Christopher N.; Prideaux, Gavin J.; Brook, Barry W. Empirical tests of harvest-induced body-size evolution along a geographic gradient in Australian macropods JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY English Article Bayesian hierarchical model; Bergmann's rule; body size; conditional autoregressive model; harvesting; human-induced evolution; Macropus HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN MODELS; BERGMANNS RULE; HOME-RANGE; GRAY KANGAROOS; GREY KANGAROOS; RED KANGAROOS; DINGO FENCE; FULIGINOSUS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT Life-history theory predicts the progressive dwarfing of animal populations that are subjected to chronic mortality stress, but the evolutionary impact of harvesting terrestrial herbivores has seldom been tested. In Australia, marsupials of the genus Macropus (kangaroos and wallabies) are subjected to size-selective commercial harvesting. Mathematical modelling suggests that harvest quotas (c. 10-20% of population estimates annually) could be driving body-size evolution in these species. We tested this hypothesis for three harvested macropod species with continental-scale distributions. To do so, we measured more than 2000 macropod skulls sourced from wildlife collections spanning the last 130years. We analysed these data using spatial Bayesian models that controlled for the age and sex of specimens as well as environmental drivers and island effects. We found no evidence for the hypothesized decline in body size for any species; rather, models that fit trend terms supported minor body size increases over time. This apparently counterintuitive result is consistent with reduced mortality due to a depauperate predator guild and increased primary productivity of grassland vegetation following European settlement in Australia. Spatial patterns in macropod body size supported the heat dissipation limit and productivity hypotheses proposed to explain geographic body-size variation (i.e. skull size increased with decreasing summer maximum temperature and increasing rainfall, respectively). There is no empirical evidence that size-selective harvesting has driven the evolution of smaller body size in Australian macropods. Bayesian models are appropriate for investigating the long-term impact of human harvesting because they can impute missing data, fit nonlinear growth models and account for non-random spatial sampling inherent in wildlife collections. [Prowse, Thomas A. A.; Brook, Barry W.] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; [Prowse, Thomas A. A.; Brook, Barry W.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; [Correll, Rachel A.; Prideaux, Gavin J.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia; [Johnson, Christopher N.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Biol Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia Prowse, TAA (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. thomas.prowse@adelaide.edu.au Johnson, Christopher/J-7894-2014; Brook, Barry/G-2686-2011 Johnson, Christopher/0000-0002-9719-3771; Brook, Barry/0000-0002-2491-1517 Australian Research Council [DP0881764]; Joyce Vickery Fund of the Linnean Society of New South Wales; Nature Foundation SA; Australian Postgraduate Award We thank the vertebrate curators and staff of the Australian National Wildlife Collection, the Australian Museum, Museum Victoria, the Northern Territory Museum, the Queensland Museum, the South Australian Museum, the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, and the Western Australian Museum. We also thank S. Delean and P. Cassey for useful discussions that improved this manuscript. This research was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (DP0881764: B.W.B. & C.N.J.), the Joyce Vickery Fund of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Nature Foundation SA and an Australian Postgraduate Award to R.A.C. 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