A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF CALOTELEA WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA, PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, SCELIONIDAE)

Abstract The genus Calotelea Westwood of the Nearctic region is revised. Ten species are recognized, all of them new to science, viz.: C. anthracina ♀ ♂ (New Mexico), C. atra ♀ ♂ (Florida), C. aurulenta ♀ (Texas, North Carolina), C. bicolor ♀ ♂ (Virginia), C. cincta ♂ (New Mexico), C. flava ♀ (Florida, North Carolina, Texas), C. lutea ♀ (Virginia), C. mellea ♀ ♂ (Georgia), C. nebulosa ♀ (Georgia, South Carolina), and C. pulla ♀ (Florida). The taxonomic concept of Calotelea is reviewed. The taxonomic position of the 10 Nearctic species is discussed and the keys to females and males given.

The genus Calotelea was proposed as monobasic in 1837 by Westwood (in Hope 1837) for C. aurantia Hope, a fossil species found in resin ("gum animt"), supposedly from Natal Province in South Africa (Kieffer 1926). Since then the name Calotelea has been applied to a number of species in the subfamily Scelioninae (Ashmead 1893;Ashmead in Riley et al. 1894;Brues in Wytsman 1908;Masner 1965;Muesebeck and Masner 1967;Masner and Muesebeck 1968). Some of the above species were later transferred to genus Ceratoteleia Kieffer (Kieffer 1908(Kieffer , 1910. Kieffer (1926) interpreted Calotelea as a monobasic fossil genus with no extant species. Instead, he (Kieffer 1910(Kieffer , 1926 proposed two generic names, Lamproteleia and Pegoteleia, to accommodate a number of extant species some of which are now considered to belong to Calotelea (Masner 1976). Masner (1976) presented a restricted interpretation of Calotelea, with its synonyms, higher classification, and geographic distribution. No described species were then listed to occur in America north of Mexico (op. cit. ) . I Ten Nearctic species of Calotelea are currently described and classified into the ocularis-species group proposed by Masner (1980). The above group is restricted to the New World, with some 30 Neotropical species of which only two were described, viz. C. ocularis Ashm. and C. puncticeps Ashm. (St. Vincent, W.I.). The main character of this group is a peculiar transparent process on the metanotum, here termed the "metanotal lamina". The latter is usually better developed in females (Figs. 1,2,8) than in males (Figs. 5,9). For practical purposes two distinct chromatic subgroups within the ocularis-group, viz. a xanthic and a melanic one, are recognized. Described below are four xanthic and six melanic species of Nearctic Calotelea. The males in the xanthic subgroup tend to be generally darker than conspecific females. On the other hand, the sexes tend to be isochromatic in the melanic subgroup. In light of the high degree of sexual dimorphism and dichromatism in Calotelea, separate keys to females and males are provided.
Members of Calotelea used to be very rare in collections. However, as a result of pan trapping techniques being applied recently in Trinidad, W.I. numerous specimens were accumulated. The scarcity of Calotelea in sweep samples and Malaise traps may indicate that members of this genus are confined predominantly to the ground. Although we have no direct biological data or host records it may be assumed that the members are parasitoids in eggs of various small crickets as inferred from known relationships in the related genera. Dr. P. G. Aguilar (Universidad Nacional Agraria, Lima, Peru) informed me that specimens of the bush cricket genus Cycloptilum Scudder (Gryllidae, Mogoplistinae) were the only other The following diagnosis will characterize the 1 0 Nearctic species of Calotelea treated in this paper. Only the pertinent specific differences will be mentioned in the descriptions of the species.
DIAGNOSIS. Slender, spindle-like forms, under 2 mm in length, with fine coriaceous sculpturing; head subglobose, usually only slightly transverse; frons without depression, with no transverse wrinkles or ridges; cheeks slightly to distinctly striate; clypeus small, truncate; mandibles short, bidentate, subtridentate, or tridentate; palpal formula 4-2; eyes appearing glabrous (160x), sometimes with minute hairs (160x and up); posterior ocelli contiguous or almost contiguous with inner orbits; occipital carina complete; antennae 12-segmented, clavate in female, thread-like in male; radicle slender and relatively long, at least 113 of scape length; netrion well developed, open, foveolate and carinate anteriorly; skaphion present, sometimes with delicate rim posteriorly; notauli absent; mesopleural carina usually not developed or incomplete, rarely present; metanotum in female medially with almost upright transparent lamina, often notched or emarginate at meson or divided into two separate parts, in males with lamina usually not developed, but with opaque, almost horizontal ledge; propodeum unarmed, with plicae diverging posteriorly; fore wings often with dark transverse bands; marginal vein elongate, slightly shorter than or equal to stigma1 vein, rarely longer; postmarginal vein longer than marginal vein; metasoma distinctly elongate, spindle-like in females, with 7 visible tergites in female and 8 in male; T3 the largest segment; T1 in female with distinct horn, T7 extruded (or retracted) with ovipositor. Marginal vein shorter than stigmal vein; eyes remarkably bluish iridescent; second dark band in fore wing lighter than in next species (Virginia) 3. C . lutea n. sp. Marginal vein at least as long as stigmal vein; eyes not iridescent; second dark band in fore wing darker than in previous species (Florida, North Carolina, Texas) .    Body predominantly black or dark brown, but segment 1 of metasoma amber yellow; T2-T4 uniformly brown, with no spots; anterolateral margin of pronotum with only short row of foveolae not reaching to fore coxa ( Female. Length 1.4 mm. Light honey yellow, with few darker areas as follows: eyes dark, nonmetallic, ocelli backed by minute dark spots inwardly, tips of mandibles darker, A8-A12 dark brown, dark spot on pronotum in front of tegula, anterolateral corners of mesoscutum with minute darker spots, metepisternum above hind coxa with brown spot, horn of T1 dark chestnut brown, posterolateral corners of T2-T4 with pairs of dark brown spots, T7 dark brown, fore wings with one distinct dark band in area of basal vein and a larger but indistinct second band under postmarginal vein, palpi, trochanters coxae and femora whitish yellow. Head slightly transverse (20:32), interorbital space greater than eye width (15:8), as great as length of eye (15:15); head generally with fine coriaceous sculpture, almost smooth on upper frons below anterior ocellus; cheeks finely striate; mandibles tridentate; ocellar triangle rather low, POL almost twice as long as LOL (11:6); POL longer than temples (115); occipital carina complete, not crenulate; antennal clava rather stout, A9-All slightly more than twice as wide as long (7:3).

Females
Anterolateral margin of pronotum with distinct row of foveolae extending from above fore coxa to cervix (cf. Fig. 3); anterior margin of netrion with large foveolae occupying almost half of the sclerite; skaphion with delicate rim posteriorly; mesoscutum and anterior part of scutellum with fine coriaceous sculpture; mesopleural carina incomplete; metanotal lamina narrowly interrupted medially, deeply excavate; marginal vein longer than stigmal vein (85).

. Calotelea aurulenta n. sp.
Female. Length 1.5 mm. Golden-yellow with darker areas as follows: eyes silvery, nonmetallic, ocelli backed by minute darker spots inwardly, A8-A12 dark brown, horn dark brown, T2-T4 each with pair of dark spots in posterolateral comers, T7 dark brown, fore wing with two distinct dark bands, first in area of basal vein, second under postmarginal vein, apex of wing also infuscate, coxae and trochanters light yellow.
Anterolateral margin of pronotum not foveolate; skaphion with delicate rim posteriorly; mesoscutum and scutellum shining, with fine coriaceous sculpture; mesopleural carina weakly indicated; metanotal lamina widely interrupted medially into two parts, gap at meson as wide as horn; marginal vein about twice as long as stigmal vein (11:6).
Horn of T I relatively longest and highest among all species in the xanthic subgroup; in lateral view apex of horn exceeds anterior margin of mid-coxa; horn smooth, rest of T1 and T2 with longitudinal costae; T3-T6 with reticulate sculpture.

Calotelea lutea n. sp.
Female. Length 1.5 mm. Light honey yellow, with few darker areas as follows: eyes bluish iridescent, ocelli backed by darker spots inwardly, tips of mandibles darker, A8-A12 brown, posterolateral corners of T2 and T3 with pair of dark spots, T5-T7 brownish, fore wing with narrow dark band in area of basal vein and larger band under postmarginal vein, coxae and trochanters lighter than mesosoma.
Anterolateral margin of pronotum with no foveolae; however, propleura above fore coxa with row of foveolae; foveolae along anterior margin of netrion occupying less than half of the sclerite; skaphion with delicate rim posteriorly; mesoscutum and scutellum with delicate coriaceous sculpture; mesopleural carina absent; metanotal lamina excavate medially but present at meson; marginal vein clearly shorter than stigmal vein (6:9).
In lateral view apex of horn of T1 does not exceed anterior margin of mid-coxa; horn mostly smooth; metasomatic tergites TI-T7 of dimensions REMARKS. This is the only known Nearctic species of the xanthic sub-group with bluish iridescent eyes in female sex. Females of C. lutea differ from the Caribbean C. ocularis Ashm. in having the horn much shorter, not reaching over the anterior margin of mid-coxa, the fore wing with two dark bands, the marginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein and T4 with no dark spots.

Calotelea flava n. sp.
Female. Length 1.5 mm. Very similar to C. lutea but differs in the following characters: eyes not iridescent, T5 and T6 yellow, with no dark spots; coriaceous sculpture of frons below anterior ocellus distinctly coarser; eyes larger so that temples distinctly shorter than POL (5:8); skaphion with posterior rim very sharp; coriaceous sculpture of mesoscutum and scutellum generally coarser; marginal vein slightly longer than stigmal vein (8:6); second dark band in fore wing darker than in C.

. Calotelea nebulosa n. sp.
Female. Length 1.7 mm. Dark brown; radicle and A1-A7 yellowish brown, legs light brown, metasoma brown with lighter areas in middle of T2-T4; fore wings with two conspicuous dark bands, first in area of basal vein, second under postmarginal vein.
Anterolateral margin of pronotum with no foveolae, but propleura above fore coxa with row of foveolae; anterior margin of netrion with small foveolae; skaphion with distinct rim posteriorly; mesoscutum and scutellum with even coriaceous sculpture; mesopleural carina indistinct; metanotal lamina deeply excavate medially, however, narrow septum still present at meson; marginal vein as long as stigmal vein (8:s).

Calotelea pulla n. sp.
Female. Length 1.7 mm. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma dark brown; antennae and legs dark brown, apices of tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, mandibles and radicle yellowish; wings clear.
Anterolateral margin of pronotum with no foveolae; anterior margin of netrion with small foveolae; skaphion with distinct rim posteriorly; mesoscutum and entire scutellum with even coriaceous sculpture, with no smoother areas; mesopleural carina not developed; metanotal lamina generally low, moderately excavate medially, well developed at meson; marginal vein twice as long as stigmal vein (10:s).
Anterolateral margin of pronotum with no foveolae; anterior margin of netrion with only minute foveolae; skaphion with distinct rim posteriorly; mesoscutum and entire scutellum with even, rather coarse coriaceous sculpture, with no smoother areas; mesopleural carina almost complete; metanotal lamina not interrupted at meson, moderately excavate medially; marginal vein as long as stigmal vein (8:8).
Anterolateral margin of pronotum with no foveolae; anterior margin of netrion with only small foveolae; skaphion with delicate rim posteriorly; mesoscutum shining, with very delicate coriaceous sculpture, almost smooth posteromedially; scutellum almost entirely smooth except for narrow band along anterior margin; mesopleural carina incomplete, indicated only along upper part; metanotal lamina not interrupted, very moderately excavate medially; marginal vein as long as stigmal vein (9:9).
Male. Eyes smaller than in female; POL only slightly longer than temples (9:7); ocellar triangle lower and interorbital space wider than in female; no smoother areas on head and mesonotum; metanotal ledge without lamina; T1 and base of T2 honey yellow, rest of metasoma light brown; fore wings with dark band in area of basal vein darker than in female. TYPE MATERIAL. dolotype: 2 (CNC No. 16003), Bmnswick Co., VA, June 10 1967, C. W. Berisford, with Ips grandicollis on Pinus taeda. Allotype: 8 , with same data as in holotype (CNC). Paratypes: 2 8 8 , with same data as in holotype (CNC) .
REMARKS. This is a very distinct species of the melanic subgroup with the metasoma in the female distinctly lighter in colour than the head and mesosoma. The male differs from the female in a number of characters including the sculpture of head and mesonotum.
Anterolateral margin of pronotum not foveolate; anterior margin of netrion with moderately large foveolae; skaphion with strong rim posteriorly; mesoscutum almost entirely coriaceous, sculpture becoming finer towards posterior margin of the sclerite; scutellum with coriaceous sculpture over anterior half, smooth and shining posteriorly; metanotal lamina not interrupted medially, deeply excavate at meson; marginal vein as long as stigma1 vein (9:9).
In lateral view apex of horn of T1 does not exceed anterior margin of middle coxa; metasomatic tergites T1 -T7 of dimensions (1ength:width) 17: 18, 18:35, 29:38, 17:35, 11:21, 7:13, 4:5; T1 (except for smooth horn) longitudinally costate; T2 with longitudinal costae distinct only at base of tergite, sculpture otherwise changing gradually from longitudinal to reticulate; T3-T6 with reticulate sculpture. REMARKS. Specimens of C . anthracina are the most robust as well as darkest members of the melanic subgroup of Nearctic Calotelea. They may be conveniently distinguished from those of C. bicolor by the calour of the metasoma, and from those of C. atra by the finer sculpture of the scutellum, and more robust body. Male. Length 1.6 mm. Black, first segment of metasoma and base of T2 amber yellow, rest of metasoma brown; radicle, scape and pedicel bright yellow; legs including coxae dark yellow; fore wings clear, with basal vein indicated partly by dark streak. Head transverse (23:35); interorbital space considerably greater than eye width (18:8), greater than eye length (18:16); head with even coriaceous sculpture, with no smoother areas; mandibles sub-tridentate; cheeks only finely striate; eyes distinctly smaller than in other species, with minute hairs ( 1 6 0~) ; ocellar triangle very low, POL longer than LOL (13:6), longer than temples (13:6); occipital carina complete, crenulate; A7-All twice as long as wide.

Male. Differs
Upper half of anterolateral margin of pronotum with small foveolae; anterior margin of netrion with small foveolae; mesoscutum and entire scutellum with even coriaceous sculpture,