THE HAPPINESS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: UNIQUENESS OF INDONESIA PAPER.

The tries to discuss and It is also find the uniqueness using descriptive analysis and regression analysis both using intervening and in that in Indonesia there is still a striking between gross regional domestic and Human development has no direct effect the of happiness of Happiness of life cannot be explained by the human development and the gross regional domestic product. The happiness index is derived from 3 dimensions. These three dimensions are the dimensions of satisfaction, the dimension of feeling, and the dimension of the meaning of life. Dimensions of satisfaction are broken down into two indicators, namely personal satisfaction, and social satisfaction. Viewed from gender, male satisfaction index is greater than female satisfaction index. This illustrates that men are happier than women. The happiest person is a person who is less than 24 years old. The older people, for the Indonesians are unhappier. It is understandable that people who are 65 years of age or older are most unhappy.


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There is an interesting phenomenon in relation to these three variables. A number of provinces with high GRDP but the provinces have low level of happiness. A number of provinces have high HDI but their happiness is low. From year to year the index of these three variables increases, but the increase is not homogeneous in several provinces. Base on the phenomenon, this study aims to and analyze the human development, gross regional domestic product, and happiness in 34 provinces in Indonesia. It is also to analyze the effect of human development index on happiness index, with gross regional domestic product as moderator and intervening variable.
Theoretical Framework:-There are so many definitions of happiness. Since the 1960s, happiness research has been conducted in a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including the happiness. There are also many publishers that published many journal articles about happiness in those journals. Happiness is a never ending topic of discussion. It can be discussed from time to time. It is probably, that the UN had been published a report each year about world happiness since 5 years ago.
In order to know a economic condition in a region, usually used Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The GRDP is basically the sum of value added that produced by all unit of production in the region either current or constant prices. There are three approaches to measure GRDP. They are production, income, and expenditure. The three approaches will provide the same result.
First is about happiness. Basically the happiness index is a composite index. This composite index is based on 10 (ten) essential life aspects (BPS, 2015). These ten aspects, substantially and together, reflect the level of happiness. It is further said that the level of happiness is the level of satisfaction with the 10 aspects of life. The ten aspects are: (1) health, (2) education, (3) work, (4) household income, (5) family harmony, (6) leisure time availability, (7) social relations, (8) houses and assets, (9) environmental conditions, and 10) security conditions. The higher of value the index is higher the level of its happiness. However, the happiness of a person is something that is perceived differently or not always the same. Therefore the level of happiness is something that is subjective.
The index has a meaning that the higher the index value shows the happier life of the population. On the contrary, the lower the index value indicates the increasingly unhappy life of the population, the Indonesia Happiness Index 2017, is a composite index composed by three dimensions. They are Life Satisfaction, Affect, and Meaning of Life. The contribution of each dimension to the Indonesian Happiness Index is Life Satisfaction that is 34.80 %, affect is 31.18 percent, and Meaning of Life is 34.02% (bps.go.id) Second is about welfare. The welfare has been commonly used to reflect an individual's economic aspect or economic aspect achieved by a state. Economic aspects in the context of the State are an indicator of the achievement of the level of welfare. Size used is Gross Domestic Product per capita.
In the economic field, Case and Fair (2012) state that gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all goods and services produced by a country in a given period. GDP is one method of calculating national income. For the region's level of gross domestic product is translated into gross regional domestic product (GRDP). The higher the value of GRDP, understood the more prosperous people in the region.
One important indicator to know the economic condition in an area within a certain period is the data of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), either on the basis of current prices or on the basis of constant prices. GRDP is basically the amount of value added generated by all business units within a certain region, or is the sum of the value of end products and services that are net nature generated by all economic units. The GRDP at current prices illustrates the value added of goods and services calculated using the prevailing prices for each year, while GRDP at constant prices shows the value added of the goods and services calculated using the prevailing price for a certain year as the basis. GRDP can be calculated using the base year. GDP at current prices can also be used to see shifts and economic structures, while constant prices are used to determine economic growth year after year (Case and Fair, 2012).
Third is about human development. Conceptually human development explains how a population of a region can access development results (bps.go.id). Access to human development is obtained from accessing the population in obtaining income, health, education, and others. Human development in Indonesia refers to the United Nations 812 Development Program (UNDP), which is regularly published periodically in the annual Human Development Report (HDR) report which is also presented in an index called Human Development Index (IPM).
Furthermore it is said that HDI is formed based on 3 (three) basic dimensions. These three dimensions are: (1) longevity and healthy living, (2) knowledge, and (3) decent living standards. IPM itself is useful to measure the success of human quality or the quality of community / population. IPM also indicates the rank or level of development of a territory or State. Further HDI in Indonesia can be used as a strategic measure of government performance, which then impacts on the determination of the General Allocation Fund (DAU).
The meaning of human development has a broad dimension. Moreover, basically human development is a basic dimensional development that is owned by the human. (Human Development Index, 2017, Catalog 4102002). Furthermore, human development will create positive growth in various fields, namely economic, social, political, cultural, environmental, and changes in the field of human welfare.
Basically, human development will be able to create environmental conditions that allow humans to enjoy longevity, healthy, and can run their lives productively (Human Development Report, 1990). The concept of human development is measured by using the basic three-dimensional approach of man. The results show that in two major international surveys, we find a modest positive relationship between the HDI and happiness, and a stronger positive relationship between the HDI and life satisfaction. Similar patterns are found using GDP per capita. Specifically Noh (2012) mentioned that there is a positive correlation between the index of human development and gross domestic product. Vidzah and (2016) showed a different approach. In the study, the human development index is actually placed as a dependent variable for gross domestic product. The results show that gross domestic product and consumption expenditure have a positive and significant effect on the human development index in Asian and African countries. Nevertheless, government expenditure variable positively affects human development index.
Based on the concept of happiness, welfare concept, and concept of human development, as well as previous research, the following framework can be developed as follows.

Methods:-
Design in this research is quantitative research. There are three variables in this research. The variable is the human development index, gross regional domestic product per capita, and community life happiness index of Indonesia. This is a research type of applied research and causality. The independent variable in this research is the human development index, and the index of happiness of life is the dependent variable. The variable regional per capita domestic product is using moderating variables model 1, and as independent variable for model 2. Data used in this research is secondary data of 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data are human development index, gross regional domestic product, and the index of happiness life. Data sources are taken and abstracted from the Central Bureau of statistics of the Republic of Indonesia.

Finding and Discussion:-
The happiness of Indonesian life is more dominantly contributed by the satisfaction of social life. Nevertheless, the lowest happiness of life is the satisfaction of personal life. Furthermore, it can be said that Indonesian men are the least satisfied in their personal lives, but on the other hand men are more able to render their life meaning than women. Women use more of their feelings, and the feelings of women in contributing to their happiness are lower than men. Aggregated index of male happiness is higher than female happiness index. In other words, men are more happy than women, but dissatisfied in their personal lives.
Judging from marital level, the unmarried or the unhappy is the happiest person, having a score of 71.5. The next sequence is married, the married person and then the divorce but the spouse dies. While the married person then divorced and his spouse is alive having the lowest from the level of bachelor, married, and married divorce with his divorce spouse died. Anomaly happened, that married people who should be happier, are even less happy than when they are single.

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When parsed into dimensions can be explained as follows. For the dimension of personal life satisfaction, the pattern is similar to the happiness index seen from the individual level. The unmarried person has the highest level of satisfaction than the married person or the divorced person, either living or divorced. If a married person is to seek the satisfaction or happiness of life, there is an uniqueness. The unmarried person is even the most satisfied in his personal life compared to a married person. So the question is that married people to get happiness and personal life satisfaction are not illustrated in this study.
In the contrary, from perspective of dimension of social life satisfaction, married people have the highest level of social life satisfaction than unmarried people or divorced people, both divorced live and divorce with his partner died. Divorce level with her or his partner is still alive, less satisfied social life compared with three other conditions. The dimension of social life satisfaction contributes the highest value compared to three other dimensions. So there is a picture that married people more describe to achieve a higher satisfaction of social life than personal life satisfaction.
For the dimension of feeling, married people have the highest satisfaction than unmarried level, married divorce live and marry a dead divorce. The most disgruntled role is experienced by a married person then divorced but his partner is alive. Thus, the most satisfied feelings experienced by people who are married.
Judging from the dimension of the meaning of life, the level of unmarried people is to give meaning to life more than three other conditions. The married person is divorced and the partner is alive experiencing the lowest meaning of life.
In general people expect, the older the age then the happiness will increase. Uniqueness takes place in Indonesia.
People who are happy are people who are less than 24 years old. The oldest level is unhappier. It is understandable that people who are 65 years of age or older feel most unhappy. Perhaps if they follow and borrow the concept of "product life cycle" (PLC), the happiness of Indonesians will be similar to that concept. But the peak of happiness is precisely at the age of 24 years or less. Thus, the Indonesian "PLC" curve tends to lean to the left of the "PLC" curve. The higher the educational level of a person tends to have a higher level of happiness. It means that the education level of Indonesians reflects the level of its happiness. Furthermore, people who graduate from bachelor degree have the highest level of personal satisfaction. While the lowest level of personal satisfaction of life is a person who never study in a formal education.. The same thing also applies to the level of social life satisfaction. But the level of satisfaction of social life is always higher than the level of personal life satisfaction.
The level of happiness seen from the sub-dimension of feelings and meaning of life has a trend that matches the level of personal and social life satisfaction. The higher a person's level of education, the higher his level of happiness can be seen from the sub dimensions of feelings and views of the meaning of life. Furthermore, it can be said that the level of meaning of life tends to be higher than the level of feeling.
Second, the development of Human Development Index in Indonesia can be seen in Figure 4. Forth, income per capita increases from year to year. The income increases from IDR 9.437.000 per year to 0,420,000 per year, or increased by 10.41% for 6 years.
From perspective of Gross Regional Domestic Income (GRDP) per province, it appears that in Indonesia there is still a striking balance between GRDP in Java and outside Java Island. Jakarta Province has the highest GRDP value and West Papua province is the province with the lowest GRDP.
In terms of correlation between HDI and HI, it illustrates that high of HDI does not reflect on level of happiness. For example West Java, Central Java, Banten, and East Java are at a level above the average of HDI, but have a happiness level below of the average index of happiness (Quarter II). The anomalies also occur in some provinces that in quarter 4. In quarter 4, there is a province that has below average of HDI but has an index of happiness above the average.
In terms of correlation between HDI and GRDP, it indicates that there are a number of provinces that have low level of HDI and GRDP level is also low. In line with the phenomenon there are a number of provinces that have high level of HDI and GRDP level is also high. However, some others, there is anomaly that there are a number of provinces with high HDI but low GRDP level. This means that an increased HDI is not followed by GRDP level. Similarly, provinces with low HDI levels, it have high GRDP level.
In terms of GRDP and HI, there are provinces with low level of GRDP have low satisfaction index. There are provinces with high level of GRDP have high satisfaction index. However, there are only 4 provinces, namely East Kalimantan, Yogyakarta, South Sumatra and Riau which have high GRDP and HI level.
When GRDP is placed as moderating variable on happiness, it seems that GRDP and HDI explain 28.7% of HI. The equation of influence of GRDP and HDI on HI and GRDP as a moderating variable is Ln (HI) = 7.767 + 0.797ln (HDI) + 0.351 ln (GRDP) + 0.080 ln (GRDP)(lnHDI) The happiness of Indonesian life is more dominantly contributed by the satisfaction of social life. Nevertheless, the lowest happiness of life is the satisfaction of personal life. Other uniqueness is that Indonesian men are most dissatisfied in their personal lives, but on the other hand more men can feel the meaning of their life than women.
Women use more of their feelings, and the feelings of women in contributing to their happiness are lower than men.
In aggregate the index of male happiness is higher than the index of female happiness.
The third uniqueness is that the Indonesians' sense of happiness increases with age up to 41-64 years and then decreases when people are 65 years old or older. Thus the Indonesian people feel the happiest in the age range 41-64 years. In line with personal life satisfaction, the meaning of life scores decreases that follows people age. Thus, the older of people age has decrease of meaning of life.
In terms of HDI, the uniqueness of the Human Development Index is that Indonesia's HDI revolves around high level, and moderate level of HDI. The first highest HDI is Jakarta Province and the second highest is Yogyakarta. The first lowest of HDI level is moderate level is West Papua Province and the second lowest level is East Nusa Tenggara Province. The lowest level of HDI is province of Papua, and the highest level of HDI is Jakarta Province. The HDI in Indonesia is likely to be heterogeneous, although it tends to increase from year to year.
The uniqueness of Gross Regional Domestic Revenue (PDRB) per province, it appears that in Indonesia there is still a striking balance between PDRB in Java and PDRB outside Java Island. DKI Jakarta Province has the highest PDRB value and West Papua province is the province with the lowest GRDP. Thus GDP per province per capita is heterogeneous. The capital city of Indonesia has the highest GRDP in Indonesia.

Conclusion and Recommendations:-
The happiness index of Indonesian life tends to increase from year to year. People in Central Sulawesi province has the highest happiness index of life, is 73.69 among 34 provinces in Indonesia. The province with the lowest happiness index is Papua Province that is 67.52. In average, the index of Indonesian satisfaction is 69.25.

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The happiness index is derived from 3 dimensions. These three dimensions are the dimensions of satisfaction, the dimension of feeling, and the dimension of the meaning of life. Dimensions of satisfaction are broken down into two indicators, namely personal satisfaction, and social satisfaction. Viewed from gender, male satisfaction index is greater than female satisfaction index. This illustrates that men are happier than women. The happiest person is a person who is less than 24 years old. Viewed from Gross Regional Domestic Income (GRDP) per province, it appears that in Indonesia there is still a striking balance between PDRB in Java and outside Java Island. Jakarta Province has the highest GRDP value and West Papua province is the province with the lowest GRDP. The level change is an accumulation of achievements in previous years. GRDP contribution to national GDP can be seen that the five largest GDP contributing provinces are Jakarta (16%), East Java (14%), West Java (13%), Central Java (9%), and Riau (5%). Moreover, result shows that human development has no direct effect on the level of happiness.
When GRDP is placed as a variable between, the happiness index can be explained by GRDP of 29.6%. The indirect effect of HDI on the happiness index through GRDP is greater than the direct impact of HDI on the index of happiness. Thus, HDI does not just caused by the happiness of the population increases. However, the indirect effect is still low at 29.6%, compared to the direct influence of 12.7%.
When GRDP and the Human Development Index are placed as independent variables for the Happiness Index of Life, the two independent variables can account for 21.5% of the happiness of life. This means that happiness life of Indonesia more explained by other variables besides PDRB and Human Development Index. Both independent variables have a significant effect on the happiness index of life. Furthermore it can be said that by looking at the coefficients of the two independent variables, it appears that the Human Development Index has a greater influence on the happiness index of life than the GRDP.
When GRDP is placed as a moderator variable for the influence of the Human Development Index on the Happiness Index of Life, it appears that GRDP is strengthening the influence of the Human Development Index on the Happiness Index. Explanation of GRDP as moderator variable is equal to 0.08. This figure indicates that GRDP is strengthening the influence but its level of reinforcement is very low. Another conclusion indicates that the human development index with GRDP as a moderator variable gives an explanation of the happiness index of life of 28.7%.
From the conclusion it is suggested that research on causality between human development, gross regional domestic income and the happiness of Indonesian life shows that the happiness of life cannot be explained by the human development index and the gross regional domestic product. The happiness index of Indonesian life can be explained more by other variables besides the two variables. Therefore there needs to be further research on the variables that affect the happiness of Indonesian life.