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Dužina sisanja kod teladi i počeci upotrebe kravljeg mleka u ljudskoj ishrani: potencijali izotopskih analiza

Živaljević, Ivana; Dimitrijević, Vesna; Stefanović, Sofija; Balasse, Marie

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    <dct:description>&lt;p&gt;Pored brojnih dru&amp;scaron;tvenih i ekonomskih promena, kao i promena u ljudsko-životinjskim odnosima, domestikacija životinja omogućila je i pojavu nove namirnice u ljudskoj ishrani: životinjskog mleka. Ranije se pretpostavljalo da eksploatacija mleka nije predstavljala ključni motiv u prvobitnim stadijumima domestikacije, već da se pojavila nekoliko milenijuma kasnije. Međutim, skora&amp;scaron;nje analize lipida apsorbovanih u zidovima keramičkih posuda sa većeg broja ranoneolitskih nalazi&amp;scaron;ta ukazuju da se mleko eksploatisalo od samih početaka stočarstva. Ipak, mnoga pitanja o ovom procesu i tretmanu životinja ostaju nedovoljno razja&amp;scaron;njena, budući da bi dostupnost mleka ljudima bila u direktnoj vezi sa dužinom laktacije kod životinja, ali i sa količinom neophodnom za ishranu mladunaca. Izotopske analize kojima se može pratiti dužina sisanja i prelazak na biljnu ishranu kod mladunaca, pokazale su se kao vredno oruđe za razmatranje ovih pitanja. Na osnovu metoda koji su razvile Balas i Trese, ispitale smo vreme prestanka sisanja na primeru nekoliko jedinki goveda sa ranoneolitskih nalazi&amp;scaron;ta Starčevo-Grad, Topole-Bač i Magareći mlin. Budući da je goveče bilo najznačajnija i najzastupljenija domaća životinja u faunističkim uzorcima sa ovih nalazi&amp;scaron;ta, kao i na većini ranoneolitskih nalazi&amp;scaron;ta u centralnoj Srbiji, može se pretpostaviti da je u eksploataciji mleka naročiti značaj imalo kravlje mleko. Analiza je uključivala sekvenciono uzorkovanje prvog i drugog molara iz donje vilice, tj. posmatranje promena u vrednostima izotopa azota (&amp;delta;15N) tokom različitih stadijuma formiranja ovih zuba (pre rođenja, tokom sisanja i nakon prelaska na biljnu hranu). Istovremeno, istraživanje je uključilo i utvrđivanje starosti jedinki u trenutku smrti, da bi se&amp;nbsp; sagledali obrasci klanja i njihova potencijalna veza sa eksploatacijom mleka. U radu ćemo prikazati rezultate izotopskih i arheozoolo&amp;scaron;kih analiza, i diskutovati o njihovim implikacijama za bolje razumevanje prirode stočarstva i muže u ranom neolitu, uključujući i deljenje mleka između ljudi i teladi.&lt;/p&gt;</dct:description>
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June 1, 2018
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1286776

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  • BIRTH - Births, mothers and babies: prehistoric fertility in the Balkans between 10000 – 5000 BC (640557)
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XLI Skupština i godišnji skup Srpskog arheološkog društva (SAD), Pančevo, Serbia, 31.05-02.06.2018 (Session Sekcija za bioarheologiju)
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