In vitro single and combined mycotoxins degradation by Ery4 laccase from Pleurotus eryngii and redox mediators

Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination of staple food commodities is a relevant health and economic issue worldwide. The development of green and effective reduction strategies to counteract the contamination by multiple mycotoxins has become an urgent need. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of a laccase (LC) from Pleurotus eryngii and a laccase-mediator systems (LMSs) to degrade aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin in in vitro assays. In addition, the simultaneous mycotoxin degradation capability with selected LMSs was evaluated with combinations of AFB₁ and ZEN, and FB₁ and T-2 toxin. Redox mediators were found to drastically increasethe degradation efficiencies of the enzyme. AFB₁, FB₁, OTA, ZEN and T-2 toxin degradation by the best performing LMS were 73%, 74%, 27%, 100% and 40%, respectively. No degradation was registered for DON. Notably, AFB₁ and ZEN were simultaneously degraded by 86% and 100%, while FB₁ and T-2 by 25% and 100%, respectively. LMS proved to be a promising approach to enhance degradation properties of LC enzymes and for the potential development of a multi-mycotoxin reducing method.