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Background: Spasticity is a motor disorder frequently encountered after a lesion involving
\nthe central nervous system. It is hypothesized to arise from an anarchic reorganization of the
\npyramidal and parapyramidal fibers and leads to hypertonia and hyperreflexia of the affected
\nmuscular groups. While this symptom and its management is well-known in patients suffering from
\nstroke, multiple sclerosis or spinal cord lesion, little is known regarding its appropriate management
\nin patients presenting disorders of consciousness after brain damage. Objectives: Our aim was to
\nreview the occurrence of spasticity in patients with disorders of consciousness and the therapeutic
\ninterventions used to treat it. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed online
\ndatabase. It returned 157 articles. After applying our inclusion criteria (i.e., studies about patients in
\ncoma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state, with spasticity objectively
\nreported as a primary or secondary outcome), 18 studies were fully reviewed. Results: The prevalence
\nof spasticity in patients with disorders of consciousness ranged from 59% to 89%. Current treatment
\noptions include intrathecal baclofen and soft splints. Several treatment options still need further
\ninvestigation; including acupuncture, botulin toxin or cortical activation by thalamic stimulation.
\nConclusion: The small number of articles available in the current literature highlights that spasticity
\nis poorly studied in patients with disorders of consciousness although it is one of the most common
\nmotor disorders. While treatments such as intrathecal baclofen and soft splints seem effective,
\nlarge randomized controlled trials have to be done and new therapeutic options should be explored.