March 8, 2018 Journal article Open Access

Martens, Géraldine; Laureys, Steven; Thibaut, Aurore

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        <foaf:name>Martens, Géraldine</foaf:name>
        <foaf:givenName>Géraldine</foaf:givenName>
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            <foaf:name>Coma Science Group, GIGA Research (Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics)–GIGA Consciousness &amp; Neurology Department, University and University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium</foaf:name>
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        <foaf:name>Laureys, Steven</foaf:name>
        <foaf:givenName>Steven</foaf:givenName>
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            <foaf:name>Coma Science Group, GIGA Research (Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics)–GIGA Consciousness &amp; Neurology Department, University and University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium</foaf:name>
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        <foaf:name>Thibaut, Aurore</foaf:name>
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        <foaf:familyName>Thibaut</foaf:familyName>
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            <foaf:name>Coma Science Group, GIGA Research (Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics)–GIGA Consciousness &amp; Neurology Department, University and University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium</foaf:name>
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    <dct:title>SpasticityManagement in Disorders of Consciousness</dct:title>
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    <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">2018</dct:issued>
    <dcat:keyword>spasticity; pain; upper motor neuron syndrome; disorders of consciousness; brain injury; treatment</dcat:keyword>
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        <dct:identifier rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">10.13039/501100000780</dct:identifier>
        <foaf:name>European Commission</foaf:name>
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    <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2018-03-08</dct:issued>
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    <dct:description>&lt;p&gt;Background: Spasticity is a motor disorder frequently encountered after a lesion involving&lt;br&gt; the central nervous system. It is hypothesized to arise from an anarchic reorganization of the&lt;br&gt; pyramidal and parapyramidal fibers and leads to hypertonia and hyperreflexia of the affected&lt;br&gt; muscular groups. While this symptom and its management is well-known in patients suffering from&lt;br&gt; stroke, multiple sclerosis or spinal cord lesion, little is known regarding its appropriate management&lt;br&gt; in patients presenting disorders of consciousness after brain damage. Objectives: Our aim was to&lt;br&gt; review the occurrence of spasticity in patients with disorders of consciousness and the therapeutic&lt;br&gt; interventions used to treat it. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed online&lt;br&gt; database. It returned 157 articles. After applying our inclusion criteria (i.e., studies about patients in&lt;br&gt; coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state, with spasticity objectively&lt;br&gt; reported as a primary or secondary outcome), 18 studies were fully reviewed. Results: The prevalence&lt;br&gt; of spasticity in patients with disorders of consciousness ranged from 59% to 89%. Current treatment&lt;br&gt; options include intrathecal baclofen and soft splints. Several treatment options still need further&lt;br&gt; investigation; including acupuncture, botulin toxin or cortical activation by thalamic stimulation.&lt;br&gt; Conclusion: The small number of articles available in the current literature highlights that spasticity&lt;br&gt; is poorly studied in patients with disorders of consciousness although it is one of the most common&lt;br&gt; motor disorders. While treatments such as intrathecal baclofen and soft splints seem effective,&lt;br&gt; large randomized controlled trials have to be done and new therapeutic options should be explored.&lt;/p&gt;</dct:description>
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    <dct:title>Studying, Measuring and Altering Consciousness through information theory in the electrical brain</dct:title>
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        <foaf:name>European Commission</foaf:name>
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