Particle properties

The standard model of physics classifies particles into elementary leptons and hadrons composed of quarks. In this article the existence of an alternate ordering principle will be demonstrated giving particle energies to be quantized as a function of the fine-structure constant, α. The quantization can be derived using an appropriate wave function that acts as a probability amplitude on the electric field. Necessary input parameters are elementary charge and electric constant only. The value of α itself can be approximated numerically by the gamma functions of the integrals involved.

The model may be used to calculate other particle properties. The magnetic moment can be calculated directly from the electromagnetic fields. In the range of femtometer the wave function overlap provides a mechanism for strong interaction. Gravitational force can be calculated quantitatively with model parameters. The model gives some indication for a common base of strong, Coulomb and gravitational force.