World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
Published July 1, 2014 | Version 9998981
Journal article Open

Body Composition Response to Lower Body Positive Pressure Training in Obese Children

Creators

Description

Background: The high prevalence of obesity in Egypt has a great impact on the health care system, economic and social situation. Evidence suggests that even a moderate amount of weight loss can be useful. Aim of the study: To analyze the effects of lower body positive pressure supported treadmill training, conducted with hypocaloric diet, on body composition of obese children. Methods: Thirty children aged between 8 and 14 years, were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention group (15 children) and control group (15 children). All of them were evaluated using body composition analysis through bioelectric impedance. The following parameters were measured before and after the intervention: body mass, body fat mass, muscle mass, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat and basal metabolic rate (BMR). The study group exercised with antigravity treadmill three times a week during 2 months, and participated in a hypocaloric diet program. The control group participated in a hypocaloric diet program only. Results: Both groups showed significant reduction in body mass, body fat mass and BMI. Only study group showed significant reduction in percentage of body fat (p = 0.0.043). Changes in muscle mass and BMR didn't reach statistical significance in both groups. No significant differences were observed between groups except for muscle mass (p = 0.049) and BMR (p = 0.042) favoring study group. Conclusion: Both programs proved effective in the reduction of obesity indicators, but lower body positive pressure supported treadmill training was more effective in improving muscle mass and BMR.

Files

9998981.pdf

Files (152.3 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:06d89fcf45b0a1a6b3edeae9a9a6ab76
152.3 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • A. O. Musaiger, "Overweight and obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: can we control it?," East. Mediterr. Health J., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 789–793, Nov. 2004.
  • A. M. Sibai, L. Nasreddine, A. H. Mokdad, N. Adra, M. Tabet, and N. Hwalla, "Nutrition transition and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Middle East and North Africa countries: reviewing the evidence," Ann. Nutr. Metab., vol. 57, pp. 193–203, Nov. 2010.
  • A. O. Musaiger, "Overweight and obesity in eastern mediterranean region: prevalence and possible Causes," J. Obes., vol. 2011, Article ID 407237, 17 pages, doi: 10.1155/2011/407237., Sep. 2011.
  • T. Reinehr, R. Wunsch, G. Sousa, and A. M. Toschke, "Relationship between metabolic syndrome definitions for children and adolescents and intima-media thickness," Atherosclerosis, vol. 199, no. 1, pp. 193-200, Jul. 2008.
  • S. K. Pasquali, and M. S. Cohen, "The impact of obesity in children with congenital and acquired heart disease," Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol., vol. 25, pp. 119-24, 2008.
  • R. Weiss, J. Dziura, T. S. Burgert, W. V. Tamborlane, S. E. Taksali, C. W. Yeckel, etal., "Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents," N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 350, no. 23, pp. 2362-74, Jun. 2004.
  • F. D. Gilliland, K. Berhane, T. Islam, R. McConnell, W. J. Gauderman, S. S. Gilliland etal., "Obesity and the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in school-age children," Am. J. Epidemiol., vol. 158, no. 5, pp. 406–15, Sep. 2003.
  • E. R. Sutherland, "Obesity and asthma," Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 589–602, ix, Aug. 2008.
  • R. Alemzadeh, J. Kichler, G. Babar, and M. Calhoun, "Hypovitaminosis D in obese children and adolescents: relationship with adiposity, insulin sensitivity, ethnicity, and season," Metabolism, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 183–91, Feb. 2008. [10] K. G. Nead, J. S. Halterman, J. M. Kaczorowski, P. Auinger, and M. Weitzman, "Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency," Pediatrics, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 104–08, Jul. 2004. [11] L. S. Poeta, F. Duarte Mde, B. Caramelli, M. Jorge, and C. Giuliano Ide, "Effects of physical exercises and nutritional guidance on the cardiovascular risk profile of obese children," Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 56-63, 2013. [12] N. Leite, G. E. Milano, F. Cieslak, W. A. Lopes, A. Rodacki, and R. B. Radominski, "Effects of physical exercise and nutritional guidance on metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents," Rev. Bras. Fisioter, vol. 13, pp.73-81, 2009. [13] R. Monzavi, D. Dreimane, M. E. Geffner, S. Braun, B. Conrad, M. Klier, etal., "Improvement in risk factors for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in overweight youth who are treated with lifestyle intervention," Pediatrics, vol. 117, no. 6, pp. e1111-8, Jun. 2006. [14] T. Reinehr, A. Shaefer, K. Winkel, E. Finne, A. M. Toschke, and P. Kolip, "An effective lifestyle intervention in overweight children: findings from a randomized controlled trial on "Obeldicks light"," Clin. Nutr., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 331-6, Jun. 2010. [15] R. K. Eastlack, A. R. Hargens, E. R. Groppo, G. C. Steinbach, K. K. White, and R. A. Pedowitz, "Lower body positive-pressure exercise after knee surgery," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., vol. 431, pp. 213–219, Feb. 2005. [16] E. J. Quigley, H. Noh, and E. R. Groppo, "Gait mechanics using a lower body positive pressure chamber for orthopaedic rehabilitation," Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc., vol. 25, pp. 828, 2000. [17] A. Hargens, A. Cutuk, K. White, "Cardiovascular impact of lower body positive pressure," Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.; 31 (1S), 1999. [18] A. Cutuk, E. R. Groppo, E. J. Quigley, K. W. White, R. A. Pedowitz, and A. R. Hargens, "Ambulation in simulated fractional gravity using lower body positive pressure: cardiovascular safety and gait analyses," J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 771–777, Sep. 2006. [19] A. M. Grabowski, and R. Kram, "Effects of velocity and weight support on ground reaction forces and metabolic power during running," J. Appl. Biomech., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 288-97, Aug. 2008. [20] J. C. Veraart, E. Daamen, H. C. de Vet, and H. A. Neumann, "Elastic compression stockings: durability of pressure in daily practice," Vasa, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 282-6, Nov. 1997. [21] U.S. Food and Drug Administration Medical Devices 510 (k) Clearances #K072887 (2008). Last updated Aug. 5, 2009. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2011, from http://www. fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ Products and Medical Procedures/Device Approvals and Clearances/ 510k Clearances/ ucm081816 .htm. [22] M. N. Moore, C. Vandenakker-Albanese, and M. D. Hoffman, "Use of partial body-weight support for aggressive return to running after lumbar disk herniation: A case report," Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 91, pp. 803-5, May 2010. [23] J. Liebenberg, J. Scharf, D. Forrest, J. S. Dufek, K. Masumoto, and J. A. Mercer, " Determination of muscle activity during running at reduced body weight," J. Sports. Sci., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 207–214, Jan. 2011. [24] S. Patil, N. Steklov, W. D. Bugbee, T. Goldberg, C. W. Colwell, Jr., and D. D. D'Lima, "Anti-gravity treadmills are effective in reducing knee forces," J. Orthop. Res., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 672–679, May 2013. [25] B. Gojanovic, P. Cutti, R. Shultz, and G. O. Matheson, "Maximal physiological parameters during partial body-weight support treadmill testing," Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 1935–1941, Oct. 2012. [26] C. Maffeis, and M. Castellani, "Physical activity: an effective way to control weight in children?," Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 394–408, Jun. 2007. [27] O. Ben Ounis, M. Elloumi, I. Ben Chiekh, A. Zbidi, M. Amri, G. Lac, etal., "Effects of two-month physical endurance and diet-restriction programmes on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in obese adolescent boys," Diabetes Metab., vol 34, no. 6Pt 1, pp. 595-600, Dec. 2008. [28] M. Elloumi, O. Ben Ounis, E. Makni, E. Van Praagh, Z. Tabka, and G. Lac, "Effect of individualized weight-loss programmes on adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels in obese adolescent boys, " Acta Paediatr., vol. 98, no. 9, pp. 1487-1493, Sep. 2009. [29] S. Shalitin, L. Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, M. Yackobovitch-Gavan, N. Nagelberg, Y. Karni, E. Hershkovitz etal, " Effects of a twelve-week randomized intervention of exercise and/or diet on weight loss and weight maintenance, and other metabolic parameters in obese preadolescent children," Horm. Res., vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 287-301, 2009. [30] CDC., "Healthy Weight - it's not a diet, it's a lifestyle!," Developed by Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2011. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_BMI/about_childrens_BMI.html. [31] K. Watts, P. Beye, A. Siafarikas, G. O´Driscoll, T. W. Jones, E. A. Davis, etal., "Effects of exercise training on vascular function in obese children," J. Pediatr., vol. 144, no. 5, pp. 620-5, May 2004. [32] H. Tanaka, K. D. Monahan, and D. R. Seals, "Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited, " J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 153-6, Jan. 2001. [33] C. Braet, A. Tanghe, P. De Bode, H. Franckx, and M. Van Winckel, "Inpatient treatment of obese children: a multicomponent program without stringent calorie restriction," Eur. J. Pediatr., vol. 162, no. 6, pp. 391-396, Jun. 2003. [34] C. E. Flodmark, "Management of obese child using psychological-based treatments," Acta Paediatr., vol. 94, no. Suppl. 448, pp. 14-28, Jun. 2005. [35] J. C. Han, D. A. Lawlor, and S. Y. Kimm, "Childhood obesity," Lancet, vol. 375, no. 9727, pp. 1737–48, May 2010. [36] H. M. Connolly, J. L. Crary, M. D. McGoon, D. D. Hensrud, B. S. Edwards, W. D. Edwards etal., "Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine," N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 337, no. 9, pp. 581–588, Aug. 1997. [37] K. S. Woo, P. Chook, C. W. Yu, R. Y. Sung, M. Qiao, S. S. Leung, etal., "Effects of diet and exercise on obesity-related vascular dysfunction in children," Circulation, vol. 109, no. 16, pp. 1981-1986, Apr. 2004. [38] B. A. Spear, S. E. Barlow, C. Ervin, D. S. Ludwig, B. E. Saelens, K. E. Schetzina, etal., "Recommendations for treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity," Pediatrics, vol. 120, no. suppl. 4, pp. S254–88, Dec. 2007. [39] National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, " Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children," 2006 http://www.nice.org. uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=byID&o=11000. [40] N. F. Butte, and K. J. Ellis, "Comment on Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here?," Science, vol. 301, no. 5633, pp. 598, Aug. 2003. [41] J. O. Hill, H. R. Wyatt, G. W. Reed, and J. C. Peters, "Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here?," Science, vol. 299, no. 5608, pp. 853–55, Feb. 2003. [42] R. Y. Sung, C. W. Yu, S. K. Chang, S. W. Mo, K. S. Woo, and C.W. Lam, " Effects of dietary intervention and strength training on blood lipid level in obese children," Arch. Dis. Child., vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 407-410, Jun. 2002. [43] G. Rodríguez, and L. A. Moreno, "Is dietary intake able to explain differences in body fatness in children and adolescents?," Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 294-301, May 2006. [44] T. Reinehr, G. de Sousa, A. M. Toschke, and W. Andler, "Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children after an obesity intervention," Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 490-496, Sep. 2006. [45] K. Watts, T. W. Jones, E. A. Davis, and D. Green, "Exercise training in obese children and adolescents: current concepts," Sports Med., vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 375-392, 2005.