Published January 27, 2013 | Version 13287
Journal article Open

Flame Stability and Structure of Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fired Inverse Diffusion Flame with Hydrogen Enrichment

Description

The present project was conducted with the circumferential-fuel-jets inverse diffusion flame (CIDF) burner burning liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) enriched with 50% of hydrogen fuel (H2). The range of stable operation of the CIDF burner in terms of Reynolds number (from laminar to turbulent flow regions), equivalence ratio and fuel jet velocity of LPG of the 50% H2-LPG mixed fuel was identified. Experiments were also carried out to investigate the flame structures of the LPG flame and LPG enriched H2 flame. Experimental results obtained from these two flames were compared to fully explore the influence of hydrogen addition on flame stability. Flame heights obtained by burning these two kinds of fuels at various equivalence ratios were compared and correlated with the Global Momentum Ratio (GMR).

Files

13287.pdf

Files (1.7 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:3562e5ca7068cb619757b7b06fbad014
1.7 MB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • Gupta and R. B, Hydrogen Fuel: Production, Transport, and Storage. CRC Press.
  • EkinsPaul, Hydrogen Energy: Economic and Social Challenges. Earthscan, 2010.
  • E. M. Clausing, D. W. Senser, and N. M. Iaurendeau, "Peclet Correlation for Stability of Inverse Diffusion Flames in Methane-Air Cross Flows," Combustion and Flame, pp. 1-4, Aug. 1997.
  • L. K. Sze, C. S. Cheung, and C. W. Leung, "Temperature Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Inverse Diffusion Flame with Circumferentially Arranged Fuel Ports," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 47, no. 14, pp. 3119-3129, Jul. 2004.
  • L. Sze, C. Cheung, and C. Leung, "Appearance, Temperature, and NOX Emission of Two Inverse Diffusion Flames with Different Port Design," Combustion and Flame, 2006.
  • T. K. Ng, C. W. Leung, and C. S. Cheung, "Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer of an Impinging Inverse Diffusion Flame," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 50, no. 17, pp. 3366-3375, Aug. 2007.
  • L. L. Dong, C. S. Cheung, and C. W. Leung, "Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Impinging Inverse Diffusion Flame Jet - Part I: Free Flame Structure," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 50, no. 25, pp. 5108-5123, Dec. 2007.
  • L. L. Dong, C. S. Cheung, and C. W. Leung, "Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Impinging Inverse Diffusion Flame Jet. Part II: Impinging Flame Structure and Impingement Heat Transfer," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 50, no. 25, pp. 5124-5138, Dec. 2007.
  • W. P. Partridge, JR, J. R. Reisel, and N. M. LAURENDEAU, "Laser-Saturated Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in an Inverse Diffusion Flame," Combustion and Flame, pp. 1-9, Aug. 1998. [10] F. H. V. Coppens, J. De Ruyck, and A. A. Konnov, "The Effects of Composition on Burning Velocity and Nitric Oxide Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames ofCH4 +H2 +O2 +N2," Combustion and Flame, pp. 409-417, Nov. 2007. [11] E. Hu, Z. Huang, J. He, C. Jin, and J. Zheng, "Experimental and Numerical Study on Laminar Burning Characteristics of Premixed Methane-Hydrogen-Air Flames," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 4876-4888, Jun. 2009. [12] C. G. Fotache, T. G. Kreutz, and C. K. Law, "Ignition of Hydrogen-Enriched Methane by Heated Air," pp. 1-12, Apr. 1997. [13] H. Guo, G. J. Smallwood, F. Liu, Y. Ju, and ├û. L. G├╝lder, "The Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Flammability Limit and NOx Emission in Ultra-Lean Counterflow CH4/Air Premixed Flames," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 303-311, Jan. 2005. [14] L. Guo, J. O. Lewis, and J. P. McLaughlin, "Emissions from Irish domestic fireplaces and their impact on indoor air quality when used as supplementary heating source," Global NEST Journal, 2008. [15] A. Y. Wagner, H. Livbjerg, P. G. Kristensen, and P. Glarborg, "Particle Emissions from Domestic Gas Cookers," Combustion Science and Technology, vol. 182, no. 10, pp. 1511-1527, Sep. 2010. [16] A. D'Anna, "Combustion-formed nanoparticles," presented at the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009. [17] H. J. Burbano, A. S. A. Amell, and J. M. G. a, "Effects of Hydrogen Addition to Methane on the Flame Structure and CO Emissions in Atmospheric Burners," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 33, no. 13, pp. 3410-3415, Jul. 2008. [18] F. Cozzi and A. Coghe, "Behavior of hydrogen-enriched non-premixed swirled natural gas flames," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006. [19] L. L. Dong, C. S. Cheung, and C. W. Leung, "Combustion Optimization of a Port-Array Inverse Diffusion Flame Jet," Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 2834-2846, May 2011. [20] Gaydon, A. G. Alfred Gordon, Wolfhard, and H. G, Flames: their structure, radiation and temperature, 4(null) ed. Chapman and Hall, 1970. [21] S. Mahesh and D. P. Mishra, "Flame Stability and Emission Characteristics of Turbulent LPG IDF in a Backstep Burner," Fuel, 2008. [22] Andrzej Sobiesiaka and J. C. Wenzell, "Characteristics and Structure of Inverse Flames of Natural Gas," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2005. [23] "Experimental studies of flame stability and emission characteristics of simple LPG jet diffusion flame 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.10.027 : Fuel | ScienceDirect.com," 2007. [24] S. Mahesh and D. P. Mishra, "Flame Structure of LPG-Air Inverse Diffusion Flame in a Backstep Burner," Fuel, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 2145-2148, Aug. 2010. [25] K.-T. Wu and R. H. Essenhigh, "Mapping and Structure of Inverse Diffusion Flames of Methane," Twentieth Symposium on Combustion, pp. 1-9, Feb. 1984. [26] H. S. Zhen, C. S. Cheung, C. W. Leung, and Y. S. Choy, "Effects of Hydrogen Concentration on the Emission and Heat Transfer of a Premixed LPG-Hydrogen Flame," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, pp. 1-9, Jan. 2012. [27] D. Mishra and P. Kumar, "Experimental Investigation of Laminar LPG-H2 Jet Diffusion Flame with Preheated Reactants," Fuel, vol. 87, no. 13, pp. 3091-3095, Oct. 2008. [28] M. A. M. a, T. C. W. b, C. R. S. b, and Linda G Blevins b, "Flame height measurement of laminar inverse diffusion flames," Combustion and Flame.