October 1, 2001 Report Open Access

Gagnon, Georgette; Ryle, John

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{
  "inLanguage": {
    "alternateName": "eng", 
    "@type": "Language", 
    "name": "English"
  }, 
  "description": "<p>This report documents and places into context an intensification of armed attacks on civilians in key areas of</p>\n\n<p>Sudan\u2019s contested oil region in Western Upper Nile during 2000 and 2001. The attacks were carried out by</p>\n\n<p>Government of Sudan (GoS) forces and local pro-government militias and by rebel forces of, or aligned with,</p>\n\n<p>the Sudan Peoples\u2019 Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Sudan Peoples\u2019 Democratic Front / Defence Force</p>\n\n<p>(SPDF). A significant new development in the period 2000-2001 is a higher number of direct attacks on</p>\n\n<p>civilians by the armed forces of the Government of Sudan.</p>\n\n<p>The report concentrates on the the operational area of the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company</p>\n\n<p>(GNPOC), the oil consortium that comprises the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Petronas</p>\n\n<p>Carigali (the national petroleum company of Malaysia, or its subsidiary Petronas Carigali Overseas Sudan</p>\n\n<p>Berhad), Sudapet (the Sudan state petroleum company) and Canada\u2019s Talisman Energy (Talisman). As noted</p>\n\n<p>in the preliminary report of this mission, the investigators found that there was an increase in the number of</p>\n\n<p>recorded helicopter gunship attacks on settlements in or near this area. Some of these gunships have operated</p>\n\n<p>from facilities built, maintained and used by the oil consortium. The attacks are part of what appears to be a</p>\n\n<p>renewed Government of Sudan strategy to displace indigenous non-Arab inhabitants from specific rural areas</p>\n\n<p>of the oil region in order to clear and secure territory for oil development.</p>", 
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode", 
  "creator": [
    {
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Gagnon, Georgette"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Bard College", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-8649", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Ryle, John"
    }
  ], 
  "headline": "Report of an Investigation into Oil Development, Conflict and Displacement in Western Upper Nile, Sudan", 
  "image": "https://zenodo.org/static/img/logos/zenodo-gradient-round.svg", 
  "datePublished": "2001-10-01", 
  "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/1054107", 
  "keywords": [
    "Sudan", 
    "Human Rights", 
    "Oil", 
    "Talisman Oil"
  ], 
  "@context": "https://schema.org/", 
  "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1054107", 
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1054107", 
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", 
  "name": "Report of an Investigation into Oil Development, Conflict and Displacement in Western Upper Nile, Sudan"
}