10.5281/zenodo.1038990
https://zenodo.org/records/1038990
oai:zenodo.org:1038990
Wood, Richard
Richard
Wood
0000-0002-7906-3324
NTNU
Stadler, Konstantin
Konstantin
Stadler
0000-0002-1548-201X
NTNU
Simas, Moana
Moana
Simas
NTNU
Bulavskaya, Tatyana
Tatyana
Bulavskaya
TNO
Giljum, Stefan
Stefan
Giljum
WU
Lutter, Stephan
Stephan
Lutter
WU
Tukker, Arnold
Arnold
Tukker
Leiden University
Growth in environmental footprints and environmental impacts embodied in trade: Resource efficiency indicators from EXIOBASE3
Zenodo
2017
EXIOBASE
multi-regional input-output (MRIO)
2017-10-30
eng
10.5281/zenodo.997903
10.3390/su7010138
10.5281/zenodo.1038989
https://zenodo.org/communities/indecol
https://zenodo.org/communities/eu
Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International
Headline EXIOBASE v3 Results & analysis:
Most countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multi-regional input-output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), whilst land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995-2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade related impacts for OECD and non-OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.
European Commission
10.13039/501100000780
308552
DEvelopment of a System of Indicators for a Resource efficient Europe (DESIRE)