2024-03-29T09:42:16Z
https://zenodo.org/oai2d
oai:zenodo.org:820716
2020-01-20T15:36:13Z
user-zvj
Ahmed Orabi
Shimaa M.G. Mansour
Ayman M. Megahed
Ayman A. Saleh
2017-06-28
<p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Egypt and in most parts of Africa causing huge economic losses. Control of FMD using vaccination requires information on the occurrence of various FMDV serotypes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FMDV serotypes in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. A total number of 643 different samples, within ten different localities, were collected from both cattle and buffaloes (n = 283) of different, age, sex, immune status against FMD, and health status. Field samples (n = 360) have been screened for FMDV by RT-PCR using universal primers and were further subtyped using serotype-specific primers. Additionally, serum samples (n = 283) have been analyzed by applying FMDV serotype-specific antibody ELISA. The RT-PCR screening revealed that a total number of 39/283 (13.8%), 61/283 (21.6%) and 17/38 (44.7%) animals were positive for FMDV serotype O, A and SAT2, respectively. While, by ELISA, neutralizing antibodies directed against FMDV serotype O, A, and SAT2, were found in 177/283 (62.5%), 171/283 (60.4%) and 27/38 (71.1%) serum samples, respectively. These results indicated the endemic status of the FMDV serotypes O, A and SAT2 in Sharkia Governorate despite routine FMD vaccination programs. Although many variations of disease prevalence were recorded between animals of different, age, sex and immune and health status but it was obvious that FMD was more prominent and prevalent in buffaloes (47.1%) than in cattle (34.1%). Therefore, control efforts should focus on reducing the circulation of FMDV among susceptible livestock with special attention towards water buffaloes. Continuous surveillance, at molecular and immunological levels, of FMDV serotypes is needed for the effectiveness of any adopted control strategy targeting FMD including vaccination.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820716
oai:zenodo.org:820716
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820715
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Prevalence
FMDV
Cattle
Buffaloes
Egypt
Epidemiological Insights of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Infection among Cattle and Buffaloes in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819963
2020-01-20T17:38:52Z
user-zvj
Elsayed A. Abdel Aziz
Sameh M. El-Nabtity
Abdel Azeem M. El Barawy
Mohammed A.M. Saleh
2017-06-27
<p>This study was designed to determine ceftiofur sodium residues of different rabbit tissues after intramuscular injection at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg BW. A total of twenty-four healthy male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups; the first group (n = 21) was injected with ceftiofur for five successive days, while the second group (n = 3) untreated (control). Liver, kidney, pectoral and thigh muscles, spleen, heart, blood and lung from each rabbit were collected at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th and 21st day post ceftiofur sodium treatment. Tissues were extracted and ceftiofur residues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ceftiofur remained within the detectable level till the 5th day in most of the investigated tissues (liver, kidney, lung, heart, pectoral and thigh muscles) and serum, but still detected till the 7th and 9th day post treatment in lung and kidney, respectively. It can be concluded that rabbit muscles and livers could be consumed safely at the 3rd day post treatment with that dose, while, rabbit kidneys could be consumed safely at the 1st day post treatment with that dose without any hazards on consumers because the residual level is below the recommended MRL.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819963
oai:zenodo.org:819963
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819962
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Ceftiofur
Residues
Rabbits
HPLC
Residues of Ceftiofur Sodium in Rabbit Tissues
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819948
2020-01-20T14:45:11Z
user-zvj
Abd Elfadeel A.A. Gabr
Salah A. Ebrahim
Ashraf F.A. El-Hawary
Mohamed M. Fathala
Emad S.H. EL-Gohary
Saad ElDeen M. Ahmed
Magdy A. Abdel-Latif
2017-06-27
<p>This study was performed to explore the effect of drenching propylene glycol (PG) and calcium propionate (CP) as a source of energy to primiparous Egyptian buffalo cows (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) on milk production and some blood biochemical parameters. Eighteen primiparous buffalo cows (8 weeks before calving) with an average live body weight (LBW) of 500±25kg and aged 35±5 months were used. Animals were classified to three comparable groups (6, each) based on (LBW), body condition scores and expected calving date. Animals in the 1<sup>st</sup>group served as a control (C), were drenched 3L of saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) without any additives, the animals in the 2<sup>nd</sup> group (PG) were drenched 300 mL of propylene glycol dissolved in 3L of a saline solution. In the 3<sup>rd</sup> group (CP), animals were drenched 335g of calcium propionate dissolved in 3L of a saline solution. Milk production and milk composition of primiparous buffalo cows were measured. Blood samples were collected from all buffalos for biochemical analysis. Results showed significant effects on average daily and total milk yield but no significant difference on milk composition. All blood biochemical parameters revealed no significant variation between treated and control groups except for plasma beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) and both T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub> hormones concentrations. The overall mean of BHB in treated (PG) and (CP) was also lower (17.67 and 14.67 vs. 26) than control group. Overall mean of T<sub>3</sub> concentration hormone was the lowest in control group represented 3.13 vs. 5.28 and 4.99 ng/ml) for (PG) and (CP) treated group. The highest overall mean of T<sub>4</sub> concentration hormone was recorded in (CP) treated group represented 19.55 ng/ml. Concisely, the present results indicate that drenching (PG) and (CP) have a positive effect on the productive traits of primiparous Egyptian buffalo cows while, did not affect the blood biochemical parameters.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819948
oai:zenodo.org:819948
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819947
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Egyptian buffaloes
Milk production
Propylene glycol
Calcium propionate
Blood parameters
Upgrading Milk Productivity of Primiparous Buffaloes Using Glycogenic Precursors; Implications on Milk Production and Blood Biochemical Parameters
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:999744
2020-01-20T15:14:00Z
user-zvj
Mohamed T. Samy
Mohamed S.A. Omar
Fathy D. Elseddawy
Eslam F.M. Eisa
Mohamed M.M. Metwally
2017-09-30
<p>This study was planned to prospectively evaluate the influence of platelets rich plasma (PRP) on the restoration of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in donkeys. Eighteen apparently clinically healthy male donkeys of 3-6 years old, weighing 150-200 kg, were used. The animals were classified into two equal groups; control group and PRP group. One cm transection of the full thickness of middle portion of the SDFT was made in all animals. First, all animals were subjected to sedation via xylazine HCl injection in a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight then the animals were deeply narcotized with chloral hydrate 10% in a dose of 5 gm/50 kg body weight. A linear skin incision in the palmar aspect of the right fore limb at the mid cannon region was performed in all operated animals. The animals in PRP group were subjected to intratendinous injections of 4 mL PRP with weekly interval (day 0, w1, w2, w3) under the guidance of ultrasonography. Representative tendon specimens from all animals were collected 30, 60, and 90 days post operation (PO) for histopathological examination. The obtained clinical and histopathological results reveled that PRP application improved the healing of SDFT compared to the control group, through increasing and acceleration of angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, collagen deposition and remodeling in the injured tendon matrices. </p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999744
oai:zenodo.org:999744
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999743
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Tendon Repair
Platelets Rich Plasma
SDFT Injury
Equine Limb
Growth Factor
Influence of Platelets Rich Plasma on Repair of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Rupture in Donkeys (An Experimental Study)
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:998931
2020-01-20T17:42:09Z
user-zvj
Ahmed M. Hegazy
Mohamed A. El-sisi
Ola Hassanin
Hala M. Tolba
Heba A. Baz
2017-09-28
<p><em>Chlamydophila psittaci</em> is one of the most important, zoonotic pathogen of birds causing chlamydiosis. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of infection by <em>Cp. psittaci</em> and to determine the genotype in birds at potential risk of exposure to this pathogen. In total four species of wild birds (50 native and 40 migratory quails, 30 doves and 25 tree sparrows) and four species of pet birds, (20 Budgerigars,10 cockatiels, 3 finches, 5 love birds) were examined for the presense of<em> Chlamydophila psittaci</em> using impression smears stained with Giemsa stain, smears from yolk sacs were stained with Gimenez stain and PCR . The results were (80%-100%) , (85%-100%) and (80%-100%) in pet birds followed by wild birds (64%-85%) , (76%-95%) and (80%-90%), respectivelly The pathogencity of three isolates by intratracheal route with 10<sup>6 </sup>TCID/ml in 15 days old chickens and quails was done and showed that the more pathogenic strain for chickens and quails was the pet birds strain. The observed clinical signs were respiratory signs, conjunctivitis, and diarrhea, While the pathological changes were congestion in liver, lung, spleen, and pericarditis while mild clinical and pathological changes were observed post infection by tree sparrows and migratory quails isolates. The partial <em>ompA</em> gene sequence of isolated <em>Cp.</em><em> psittaci</em> strain was placed in genotype A of <em>Cp. psittaci </em>which had the highest identity (91.9-94%) with previously similar described strains of genotype A. Pet and wild birds were the major reservoir for<em> Cp.</em><em> psittaci</em> which shed in their excreta and expose human and native birds to high zoonotic risk.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998931
oai:zenodo.org:998931
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998930
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Cp. psittaci
Wild Birds
Pet Birds
ompA Gene
Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in some Wild and Pet Birds
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:998664
2020-01-20T14:33:00Z
user-zvj
Mohammed A. Lebdah
Samir A. Nassif
Abeer M. Shahein
Yara F.H. El-Basrey
2017-09-28
<p>vaccination programs against the disease. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of MDV infection among forty-four flocks of breeders and layers with ages ranged from 4-20 months. Feather follicle specimens were collected during 2012-2015 from 44 vaccinated chicken flocks showing emaciation and visceral tumors. The samples were tested by PCR using three pairs of primers. Nineteen flocks were positive for MDV using primers targeting the UL 19 gene with a percentage of 43.2%. Three flocks were shown to be positive by primers targeting the <em>meq</em> and 132 bp tandem repeat genes with a percentage of 6.8%. Inoculation of duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) and chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) showed CPE in the form of plaques formation within 5-14 days post inoculation. Sequencing of <em>meq</em> and 132 tandem repeat genes of the 3 samples revealed that the isolated strains exhibited 99% homology with the very virulent European, Chinese, American, Indian and Egyptian MDV isolates. In conclusion, although the availability of MDV vaccines especially HVT vaccine which is used in the examined flocks in the present study, the disease was recorded. Thus, indicating that HVT vaccines are unable to protect completely against more virulent strains. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new strategy and types of vaccination to be able to protect against new strains of virus</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998664
oai:zenodo.org:998664
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998663
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Marek's Disease
MDV
meq Gene
PCR
Isolation and Identification of Very Virulent Strains of Marek's Disease Virus from MDV-Vaccinated Flocks in Egypt
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:820009
2020-01-20T13:42:53Z
user-zvj
Ahmed M. Mansour
Hussein I. El-belbasi
Hamad A. El-saadawy
Engy M. Mohamed Yassin
2017-06-27
<p>Both types of diabetes mellitus (DM) are recognized by the destruction of pancreas or deficient function of Islets’ cells causing several complications. Diabetes mainly affect the kidney leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the late renal stage, which caused higher mortality in diabetic patients. Since diabetic disease appearance, nephropathy may be observed in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Recently, cell culture can be used in the regenerative medicine as a new method for treating diabetes and DN. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to prove the beneficial effect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) transplantation on DN during the early stage. Male rats were randomized in 3 groups (each 20 rats): the 1st group was normal rats, while the 2<sup>nd</sup> was streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats and the 3<sup>rd</sup> was diabetic rats treated with a single intravenous dose of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) after 3 days from STZ induction. Results indicated that STZ induced DN represented by weight loss, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulineamia, decreased glycated hemoglobin, leukocytosis and impairment of kidney function and oxidative stress in kidney tissue. After BM-MSCs treatment, blood glucose level was improved, renal function was retained, body weight loss was decreased, insulin level and HBA1C percent were ameliorated with improved oxidative stress in kidney tissue. BM-MSCs have the capacity to regenerate and differentiate into insulin- producing cells improving DM and DN.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820009
oai:zenodo.org:820009
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820008
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Diabetic Nephropathy
Streptozotocin, Oxidative Stress
Bone-Marrow mesenchymal stromal cell
Ameliorative Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:803909
2020-01-20T16:22:51Z
user-zvj
Ahmed A. Said
Kairy, Adel M.E.
Mohamed H. Shalaby
Hazem T. Ismail
2017-06-07
<p>The current study aimed to investigate the possible effect of <em>Ceratonia siliqua</em> (carob) pods and <em>Ficus carica</em> (fig) fruits ether extracts against lead toxicity on hematological, biochemical parameters, growth performance and mortality % in Nile Tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). One hundred and forty fish were divided into 7 groups. The first group was left as a control and fed a control diet, while, the second and third groups were exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>(77.5 mg/L) and 1/4 96 hLC<sub>50</sub> (38.7 mg/L) of Lead (Pb), respectively and provided with a control diet. The fourth and fifth groups were exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb, respectively and fed diet with 600 mg carob extract/kg diet. The sixth and seventh group were exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb, respectively and provided with diet contain 600 mg fig extract/kg diet. The hematological, biochemical parameters and growth performance was significantly decreased after exposure to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>and 1/4 96 hLC<sub>50</sub> of Pb for 30, 60 and 90 days, while plasma glucose and mortality % were increased significantly. There were no significant changes in RBCs, Hb and PCV of <em>O. niloticus</em> exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb that fed diet enriched with carob extract 600 mg/kg diet for 90 days. The fish exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb and fed diet enriched with 600 mg/kg diet carob or fig for 90 days revealed no significant changes in plasma albumin, total protein, glucose and growth parameters with a reduction of mortality %. The current study highlighted the importance of carob and fig ether extract in the protection of Nile tilapia against the lead acetate toxicity.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.803909
oai:zenodo.org:803909
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.803908
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
zagazig veterinary journal, 45(1), 10, (2017-06-07)
Carob
Fig
Lead
Oreochromis niloticus
The Effect of Carob Pods and Fig Fruits Ether Extracts against Lead Induced Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Oreochromis niloticus
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819862
2020-01-20T16:34:21Z
user-zvj
Elsayed A. Abdel Aziz
Sameh M. El-Nabtity
Abdel Azeem M. El Barawy
Mohammed A.M. Saleh
2017-06-27
<p>The present study was designed to evaluate marbofloxacin residues in different rabbit tissues after multiple intramuscular administrations. For that purpose, rabbits were divided into two groups; the first group (n=21) administered 2mg/kg marbofloxacin for five successive days, while the second group (n=3) were untreated and served as controls. Tissues were collected at the 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 9<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup>day after the last dose post administration of the drug. Liver, kidneys, pectoral muscle and thigh muscles, spleen, heart, blood and lung from each rabbit were taken, extracted and marbofloxacin residues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection. Results indicated a widespread distribution of marbofloxacin in the most tested tissues. It remained within detectable level till the 5<sup>th</sup> day in liver and serum while it continues till the 7<sup>th</sup> in kidneys day following the last dose. Therefore, muscles of rabbits treated with marbofloxacin could be consumed safely following the 1<sup>st</sup> day post treatment, while liver and kidneys could be consumed safely in the 3<sup>rd</sup> day after treatment without any hazards on consumers as the residual level below the recommended MRL (150µg/kg).</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819862
oai:zenodo.org:819862
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819861
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Marbofloxacin
Residues
Rabbits
HPLC
Determination of Marbofloxacin residues in Rabbit Tissues by HPLC
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:845933
2020-01-20T15:34:49Z
user-zvj
Asmaa B.M.B. Tahoun
Mona M. Ahmed
Rasha M.M. Abou Elez
Samah S. AbdEllatif
2017-06-28
<p>Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by a variety of fungi. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major carcinogenic type frequently found in milk and dairy products, thus posing a significant impact on human health. The current study was undertaken to examine milk and some dairy products for contamination with AFM1 in local markets, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, as well as the effect of manufacture. A total of 75 samples (15, each) of raw milk, pasteurized milk, yoghurt, processed cheese and Domiati cheese were randomly collected. AFM1 was detected in 27 (36%) out of the examined samples in which the level of AFM1 exceeded the limits (0 ng/L, kg) allowed by Egyptian regulation but only 6 (8%) samples exceeded the limits (50 ng/L, kg) allowed by European Commission regulation. Levels of AFM1 contamination in the examined milk and dairy products with mean values of 35.68 ± 10.90, 45.83 ± 7.80, 7.57 ± 1.92, 24.53 ± 3.91 and 42 ± 4.93 ng/L, kg in raw milk, pasteurized milk, yoghurt, processed cheese and Domiati cheese, respectively, were detected. The level of AFM1 decreased after yoghurt manufactur, while, cheese manufacture showed concentration of AFM1 in curd than those in cheese milk. During refrigeration storage of yoghurt, the mean AFM1 toxin decreased after one, two, three, seven days, respectively, then nearly similar level from seven days to fourteen days of storage. In conclusion, widespread presence of AFM1 in raw milk and some dairy products were considered to be possible hazards for public health especially children therefore, continuous monitoring of AFM1 level in commonly marketed raw milk and dairy products in Sharkia markets should be regularly done. Manufacture and storage had little effect on AFM1 content in milk and dairy products, therefore, new or modern technologies for detoxification of milk should be further studied.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.845933
oai:zenodo.org:845933
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820721
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Milk
Dairy products
AFM1
Yoghurt manufacture
Cheese manufacture
Mycotoxins
Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and some Dairy Products: Level, Effect of Manufature and Public Health Concerns
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:999570
2020-01-20T16:34:22Z
user-zvj
Heba A. Ahmed
Ewan T. MacLeod
Rasha M. El Bayomi
Rasha A. Mohsen
Arwa H. Nassar
2017-09-29
<p>A total of 550 meat samples (300 minced beef and 250 chicken meat) marketed in Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, as well as 150 human stool samples were examined for Shiga toxin producing <em>E. coli</em>. Results revealed that the isolation rates of <em>E. coli </em>O157:H7 versus non- O157 were 1.7% versus 2.3% in minced beef, 0.8% versus 2% in chicken meat and 0.7% versus 2.7% in human stools. Other identified serotypes were including O111:H8 (25%), O26:H11 (20.8%), O55:H7 (16.7%) and O113:H21 (4.2%). Virulence associated genes were identified in <em>E. coli </em>serotypes, <em>stx</em>1 and <em>stx</em>2 were characterized in 16.7% and 62.5% of the isolates, while, <em>eae</em>A and <em>hly</em>A genes were identified in 50% and 70.8% of the examined serotypes, respectively. Genotyping of <em>E. coli </em>O157:H7 serotype from different sources using Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting revealed heterogenicity of the isolates, however, human and minced beef isolates were grouped in the same cluster indicating potential transmission of infection from contaminated beef to human consumers. In conclusion, ERIC-PCR is a highly discriminatory, reliable and cost-effective tool for tracing sources of infection with bacteria. Public health education and application of strict hygienic measures during slaughtering, transportation and preparation of meat are essential to minimize the risk of contamination and transmission of infection to consumers</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999570
oai:zenodo.org:999570
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999569
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
STEC
Poultry meat
Beef
Shiga toxin
eaeA gene
hly gene
Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli from Retail Meat and Humans
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:820712
2020-01-20T14:59:53Z
user-zvj
Shefaa A.M. El-Mandrawy
Gamelat K. Farag
2017-06-28
<p>The present study aimed to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical parameters in buffaloes and cows infected with foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus. Forty buffaloes and cows (6 months - 2 years old) were used. Twenty buffaloes and cows clinically healthy and were used as control, the other twenty buffaloes and cows showed characteristic clinical signs of FMD. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated from both groups to measure the hematological and biochemical parameters. Infected buffaloes and cows showed fever, anroxia, excessive foamy salivation and ulcer formation in the mouth. Compared to the control buffaloes, erythrocytic count (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in the FMD infected buffaloes were significantly decreased, while mean corpascular hemoglobin (MCH) was significantly increased. In addition, significant increase in toltal leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, with a significant decrease in eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were observed. Moreover, cows infected with FMD virus showed no significant changes in the erythrogram, while, significant increases in TLC and neutrophils, with a significant decrease in eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were observed when compared with the control group. There were significant decreases in the levels of serum total proteins, albumin and globulin, while serum asprtate transferase (AST), creatinine phospho-kinase (CPK), glucose and cortisol levels were significantly increased in the infected animals. Tissue and saliva specimens were collected and analyzed by using universal primer using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All the identified viruses were of serotype ‘O’. It is concluded that FMDV serotype ‘O’ is circulating among cows and buffaloes in the study area.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820712
oai:zenodo.org:820712
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820711
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
FMD
RT-PCR
Cows
Buffaloes
Cortisol
Molecular Characterization, Hematological and Biochemical Studies on Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O in Buffaloes and Cows in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:804843
2020-01-20T16:24:59Z
user-zvj
Sabry M. Abdel-Motal
Gamal A. Shams
Nagah E. Edress
Abeer M. Anwer
Ghada A. Mohamed
2017-06-09
<p>Tulathromycin is a new injectable macrolid antibiotic used for treating pulmonary disease. Therefore, the present work was aimed to study the effect of tulathromycin administration only or in a combination with vitamin C (immunomodatory agent) on immnomodulating, apoptotic effect and DNA of some immune cells. Moreover, to investigate its effect on serum antioxidant activity. Twenty-five apparently healthy rabbits were divided into 5 equal groups, the 1<sup>st</sup> group was the control and the 2<sup>nd </sup>was the vaccinated group with 1 mL/rabbit S.C “<em>Pasteurella multocida</em> vaccine”. The 3<sup>rd</sup> group injected with 17.5 mg/rabbit of vitamin C and 1 mL/rabbit S.C “<em>Pasteurella multocida</em> vaccine” while, the 4<sup>th</sup> group was given 1 mL S.C/rabbit Pasteurella multocida vaccine and 2.5 mg/kg BW tulathromycin. The 5<sup>th</sup> group was treated S.C with 17.5 mg/rabbit vitamin C, 1 mL <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> vaccine and 2.5 mg/kg BW tulathromycin. The results showed a significant inhibition of lymphocyte transformation at 3<sup>rd</sup> day, phagocytic activity and lysozyme activity at 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> day of vaccination in the 4<sup>th</sup> group. Moreover, its total globulin level was significantly depressed at the 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th </sup>day with a depression of antibody titre against pasteurella till the 3<sup>rd</sup> week post vaccination. Comet results revealed a significant increase of DNA damage % on the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> days post vaccination. DNA fragmentation of neutrophil was transiently occurred in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> days post treatment. It was concluded that, Tulathromycin has a transient immunosuppressive and genotoxic effect, therefore it should be administered in a combination with Vit C to overcome its side effects. </p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804843
oai:zenodo.org:804843
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804842
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Tulathromycin
Vitamin C
Immunity
Genotoxicity
Rabbits
Immunomodulatory Effects of Tulathromycin in Rabbits
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:999742
2020-01-20T16:51:20Z
user-zvj
Moemen A. Mohamed
Fatma M. Mohamed
Waleed A. El-Said
2017-09-30
<p>Before the era of complete resistance to antibiotics due to their extensive use in poultry farms, new strategies were discovered, one of them was the use of nanoparticles to enhance the action of antibiotics. Therefore, this study was carried out to find out the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) either separately or in combination with antibiotics. The obtained data showed the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against the tested <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Salmonella</em> strains with MIC level of 0.85 µg/mL. Synergistic effects of AgNPs with antibiotics against <em>E. coli</em> revealed two-fold drop in MIC of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin. Meanwhile, there was three-fold drop in MIC of gentamicin, cefotaxime and neomycin. Significant finding was observed in the case of the synergism of AgNPs with amoxicillin and gentamicin, the examined <em>E. coli</em> O2 resistant to amoxicillin and gentamicin became sensitive when the antibiotics were combined with AgNPs.<strong> </strong>It could be concluded that AgNPs can be easily produced by Rosemary aqueous extracts as low-cost, eco-friendly method for generating AgNPs. New generations of bactericidal compounds containing AgNPs could be successfully used in poultry farms for prevention and treating <em>E. coli</em> infections.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999742
oai:zenodo.org:999742
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999741
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Nanoparticles
E. coli
Salmonella
Antibiotics
Chickens
Enhancement of Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Chickens Using Silver Nanoparticles in Assiut Governorate
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819866
2020-01-20T17:10:02Z
user-zvj
Waffa F. Ahmed
Amera Samer
2017-06-27
<p>One hundred random samples of raw buffalo and pasteurized cow milk (50, each) were collected from different localities of Sharkia Governorate for the detection of <em>E. coli</em>. The isolates were screened by PCR for virulence associated genes as well as antibiotic sensitivity test to determine the most effective antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, an experimental study was carried out to detect the influence of pasteurization and processing of kariesh cheese and yoghurt on <em>E. coli</em> O<sub>111</sub>:H<sub>8</sub> inoculated in milk with the concentration of 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL. The obtained results showed that the occurrence of <em>E. coli</em> in the examined raw buffalo and pasteurized cow milk samples were 66% and 30%, respectively. Serogrouping of <em>E. coli</em> isolates revealed that O128, O26 and O111 were recorded as the most frequent O-serogroups. The sensitivity test showed that <em>E. coli</em> isolates were more sensitive to gentamicin (79.2%), followed by ciprofloxacin (70.8%) and colistin (68.8%). However, the examined isolates were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%) followed by sulphamethazole- trimethoprim (79.2%). Molecular identification of virulence associated genes revealed <em>stx</em>1, <em>stx</em>2 and <em>eae</em>A genes. The experimental study showed that milk pasteurization was more effective on <em>E. coli</em> O<strong><sub>111</sub></strong>:H<strong><sub>8</sub></strong> survival at refrigeration temperature compared with processed products such as kariesh cheese and yoghurt.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819866
oai:zenodo.org:819866
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819865
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
E. coli
Serotypes
stx1
stx2
eaeA
Detection of Shiga Toxin – Producing Escherichia coli in Raw and Pasteurized Milk
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:820722
2020-01-20T15:34:31Z
user-zvj
Asmaa B.M.B. Tahoun
Mona M. Ahmed
Rasha M.M. Abou Elez
Samah S. AbdEllatif
2017-06-28
<p>Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by a variety of fungi. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major carcinogenic type frequently found in milk and dairy products, thus posing a significant impact on human health. The current study was undertaken to examine milk and some dairy products for contamination with AFM1 in local markets, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, as well as the effect of manufacture. A total of 75 samples (15, each) of raw milk, pasteurized milk, yoghurt, processed cheese and Domiati cheese were randomly collected. AFM1 was detected in 27 (36%) out of the examined samples in which the level of AFM1 exceeded the limits (0 ng/L, kg) allowed by Egyptian regulation but only 6 (8%) samples exceeded the limits (50 ng/L, kg) allowed by European Commission regulation. Levels of AFM1 contamination in the examined milk and dairy products with mean values of 35.68 ± 10.90, 45.83 ± 7.80, 7.57 ± 1.92, 24.53 ± 3.91 and 42 ± 4.93 ng/L, kg in raw milk, pasteurized milk, yoghurt, processed cheese and Domiati cheese, respectively, were detected. The level of AFM1 decreased after yoghurt manufactur, while, cheese manufacture showed concentration of AFM1 in curd than those in cheese milk. During refrigeration storage of yoghurt, the mean AFM1 toxin decreased after one, two, three, seven days, respectively, then nearly similar level from seven days to fourteen days of storage. In conclusion, widespread presence of AFM1 in raw milk and some dairy products were considered to be possible hazards for public health especially children therefore, continuous monitoring of AFM1 level in commonly marketed raw milk and dairy products in Sharkia markets should be regularly done. Manufacture and storage had little effect on AFM1 content in milk and dairy products, therefore, new or modern technologies for detoxification of milk should be further studied.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820722
oai:zenodo.org:820722
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820721
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Milk
Dairy products
AFM1
Yoghurt manufacture
Cheese manufacture
Mycotoxins
Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and some Dairy Products: Level, Effect of Manufature and Public Health Concerns
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:999713
2020-01-20T15:20:06Z
user-zvj
Lebdah A. Mohamed
Amal A.M. Eid
Soad A. Nasef
Enas M. Hamad
2017-09-30
<p>The present work aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonellae from chickens, ducks, quails and turkeys in five Egyptian Governorates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of common virulence genes. A total of 265 flock samples (150 chickens, 60 ducks, 30 quails and 25 turkeys) were collected from Dakahlia, Kafrelsheik, Damietta, Sharkia and Gharbia Governorates. Birds were subjected to either clinical and/or post-mortem examination, in adittion to isolation and identification of salmonellae from internal organs including liver, lung, spleen, caecum and unabsorbed yolk sac. Biochmeical and serological identification of the isolates was done. Twenty eight birds (10.6%) were found positive for Salmonella isolation. The number and percentage of positive chickens, ducks, quails and turkeys were 16 (10.7%), 7 (11.7%), 3 (10%) and 2 (8%), respectively. <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium, <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, <em>S.</em> Kentucky, <em>S.</em> Paratyphi A, <em>S.</em> Molade, <em>S.</em> Heidelberg, <em>S</em>. Infantis and <em>S</em>. Apeyeme were isolated from chickens. While <em>S</em>. Enteritidis, <em>S</em>. Typhimurium, <em>S</em>. Paratyphi A, <em>S</em>. Kentucky, <em>S</em>. Inganda and <em>S</em>. Bargny were isolated from ducks. While, <em>S</em>. Virchow, <em>S</em>. Tamale and <em>S</em>. Typhimurium were isolated from Quails and <em>S</em>. Wingrove, finally, <em>S</em>. Kentucky were isolated from turkeys. Molecular characterization of common virulence genes Salmonella outer proteins (<em>sop</em>B),<em> </em>Plasmid encoded virulence gene<em> </em>(<em>spv</em>C),<em> </em>salmonella enterotoxin<em> </em>(<em>stn</em>) and bacterial colonization factor<em> </em>(<em>bcf</em>C) showed the presence of<em> stn </em>and <em>bcf</em>C genes in all isolates, while, <em>sop</em>B and <em>Spv</em> genes were present in 64.3% and 10.7%, respectively. It is concluded that salmonellae with common virulence genes were widely spread among domestic birds in Delta areas, Egypt, resulting in economic and public health problems which require the application of strictly biosecurity measures in poultry rearing. </p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999713
oai:zenodo.org:999713
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999712
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Salmonella spp
Poultry
Delta
Virulence Genes
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Paratyphoid Salmonellae isolated from Poultry in Delta Area- Egypt
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:803888
2020-01-20T17:04:49Z
user-zvj
Mohammed A. Lebdah
Ahmed M. Hegazy
Mohammed H. Hassan
Mai E. Mohammed
2017-03-01
<p>In this study,<strong> </strong>surveillance on infectious bronchitis virus strains in 75 Egyptian broiler chicken flocks was performed using real-time RT-PCR at eight Governorates during 2014-2016. The birds in the selected flocks were suffering from respiratory and renal manifestations. The results of the present study showed that 31 (41%) samples were positive for IBV. All isolates were classified as variants using sequencing analysis of the obtained data and can be divided into 2 groups. Group I (variant) Egyptian IBV included isolates, EG-F728-1-2015-SP1, EG-F728-7-2015-SP1, EG-F862-3-2015-SP1, EG-F862-4-2015-SP1, EG-F888-2015-SP1, EG-F777-2015-SP1 and EG-F183-1-2016-SP1 which were very close to IBV-IS-1494-06 and had amino acid sequence identities between 87.5% to 96.2%<strong>.</strong> Group II (variant) Egyptian IBV included isolates, EG-F183-2-2016-SP1 and EG-F183-3-2016-SP1. These two IBV isolates were very close to IBV-IS/885 (variant 2) and they shared amino acid sequence identities from 92.3% to 97.1% with each other<strong>. </strong>In conclusion, different variants of IBV are present in broiler farms in high prevalence rate even in vaccinated flocks.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.803888
oai:zenodo.org:803888
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.803887
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Zagzig Veterinary Journal, 45(1), 8, (2017-03-01)
IBV
Broiler
Egypt
Sequencing
Variants
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Broiler Chickens, Egypt during 2014 -2016
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:804340
2020-01-20T15:44:36Z
user-zvj
Ahmed E. Ahmed
Tamer M. Genedy
Hassan Ahmed
2017-06-08
<p>This study aimed to profit the assisted reproductive technologies in sheep presented two techniques for multiple ovulations and embryo recovery. Multiparous ewes of Egyptian Barki (N=15) and Australian Dorper (N=20) were used in the first and second techniques, respectively. Technique I was performed in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat city, Menufia province, Egypt during the period from August to February, while technique II in Werribee, Victoria, Melbourne City Australia during the period from March to April. The technique I (20-21 days) based on using intravaginal progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>)-sponges for fourteen days, equine chorionic gonadotropin and flushing of embryos under local anesthesia 5 days after mating. However, the technique II (18 days) based on using intravaginal P<sub>4</sub>-controlled internal drug release silicon devices for twelve days with six injections of the follicle-stimulating hormone (Folltropin; FSH), eCG and surgical flushing of embryos under general anesthesia four days after laparoscopic intrauterine insemination. The recovery rate of the harvested morulae and blastocysts in relation to the developed corpora lutea were 38.2 and 24.4 % in the technique I, respectively, while they were 40.8 and 25.8 % in the technique II, respectively. Moreover, the percent of unfertilized oocytes and lost recovered structures, those of early embryonic death absorbed or lost during flushing in the technique I were 18.2 and 31.6 %, respectively, while they were 7.3 and 13.7 % in the technique II, respectively. In conclusion, the two presented techniques showed variable results of recovered embryos, but the harvested embryos produced by ewes younger than 6 years old were higher than 38 %.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804340
oai:zenodo.org:804340
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804339
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Methodology of Using eCG or FSH Regimens for Multiple Ovulations and Embryo Recovery by Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Sheep
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:999556
2020-01-20T16:36:57Z
user-zvj
Naif A. Al-Gabri
Abdel-Moneim Ali
El-Sayed AL-Attar
Mohammed Hamed
2017-09-29
<p>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In traditional and modern medicines, <em>Nigella sativa</em> extract, thymoquinone (TQ) has several benefits. Here, we examined the counter effects of TQ in ALI induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tissue sections and serum samples were collected from the following groups of rats: i) none treated control, ii) TQ only, iii) intratracheally (I.T) installed with LPS 200 µg/rat once, iv) TQ protected received intraperitoneally (I.P) 1 mg/rat for one week. Samples were subjected to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and electron microscopy. TQ-treated rats revealed reduction in peribronchial, perivascular and interstitial inflammatory edema, thickening of interalveolar septa, inflammatory exudates in the lumens of airways and alveoli, hypertrophied smooth muscles of pulmonary blood vessels and airways and hyperplasia of bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Electron microscopy revealed highly activated pneumocyte with vacuolated cytoplasm in TQ-treated group. Immunomodulators, IL1ᵦ and TNFα showed lower levels in TQ-treated group. Meanwhile, NF-κB was absent according to immunohistochemistry. It could be concluded that TQ restores lung architecture and reduces inflammatory Immunomodulators in ALI.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999556
oai:zenodo.org:999556
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999555
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Lipopolysaccharide
Thymoquinone
Acute lung injury
Rat
Pathological Study on the Role of Thymoquinone in Experimentally Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:804848
2020-01-20T16:52:42Z
user-zvj
Mohammed A. Lebdah
Waffa M. Mohammed
Samah Eid
Rehab I. Hamed
2017-06-09
<p>The present study was done to investigate the wide spread resistance to some antimicrobial groups among <em>S</em>almonellae isolated from replacement and layer flocks in Egypt. A total of 24 salmonellae were isolated from 200 birds (apparently healthy or diseased suffered from diarrhea, dehydration, respiratory distress and decrease of egg production) and serotyped into<em> S</em>. Enteritidis, <em>S</em>. Typhimurium, <em>S</em>. Kentucky and <em>S</em>. Newport. Twenty-one <em>S</em>almonella isolates were examined for resistance genes against different antimicrobials. The resistance pattern of all Salmonella isolates was done using antibiogram, the resistant isolates were examined for the presence of resistance coding genes using PCR technique. The investigated resistance genes were (<em>qnr</em>S<em>, aac (6')-ib-cr</em>) for quinolone resistant isolates,<em> bla</em>TEM for β-lactam resistant isolates, <em>aad</em>A1 and<em> aad</em>A2 for aminoglycosides resistant isolates and <em>tet</em>A(A) and <em>tet</em>A(B) for tetracycline resistant isolates. Resistant genes percentages for <em>tet</em>A(A), <em>tet</em>A(B), <em>bla</em>TEM, <em>aad</em>A1,<em> aad</em>A2, <em>aac (6')-ib-cr </em>and<em> qnr</em>S in the examined isolates were 70%, 20%, 93.3%, 30%, 80%, 10% and 15%, respectively. In conclusion, at the study area, antimicrobial resistance genes are widely spread in <em>Salmonella </em>isolates. Thus, minimizing the influence of antibiotics in treatment and prevention.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804848
oai:zenodo.org:804848
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804847
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Salmonella
Resistance Genes
Replacement Layer
Layers
Egypt
Molecular Detection of some Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Species Isolated from Commercial Layers in Egypt
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819900
2020-01-20T15:07:19Z
user-zvj
Adel M. Attia
Ahlam A. Gharib
Ibrahim I. Mohamed
Omnia E. Ahmed
2017-06-27
<p>Enterococci are reservoirs for transmission of the most clinically important antimicrobial resistances such as vancomycin<strong> </strong>resistance. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the occurrence of enterococci and their respective vancomycine resistance genes (<em>van</em>A and <em>van</em>B) from different sources. Two hundred and twenty-four samples from chickens, turkey, fish and human urine, as well as, two types of human food including milk (raw and milk from mastitic animals) and sausage were tested for isolation of <em>Enterococcus</em> species. The isolates were<strong> </strong>identified morphologically and biochemically using<strong> </strong>catalase test<strong>, </strong>sodium chloride tolerance and growth at pH 9.6<strong> </strong>and 10- 45˚C. The vancomycin resistance profile of the isolates was verified by both disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The genotypic enterococcal identification at both genus and species levels and their vancomycine resistance genes were also ascertained using PCR amplification of the respective genes for 28 isolates. Enterococci isolation rate was 70% of the examined samples with a higher percentage of vancomycine resistance (53.5%) and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 16 to 512 µg/mL. Molecular identification of 28 enterococcal isolates revealed the dominance of <em>E. faecalis</em> (42.8%) and clarified a higher proportion of <em>van</em>A (78.5%) and <em>van</em>B (67.8%) genes. In conclusion, administration of the antimicrobials mainly vancomycin may be considered as a pronounced stress factor in the veterinary and human practices. In addition, VRE can act as a reservoir for vancomycin resistance.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819900
oai:zenodo.org:819900
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819899
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Antimicrobial susceptibility
Vancomycin resistance
Enterococci
Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci from Different Sources
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819973
2020-01-20T16:39:50Z
user-zvj
Nahed F. Zaglool
Shahenaz M.H. Hassan
Sanaa A. El-shamy
2017-06-27
<p>The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of local pomegranate peel on the oxidative damage induced by lead intoxication in rats. Forty-eight female Albino rats were divided into four equal groups. Group (1) kept as a control group, while Group (2) was fed on 1000 ppm lead acetate in drinking water. Group (3) received 1000 ppm lead acetate in drinking water plus 1 mL of distilled water containing 43 mg/rat of pomegranate peel aqueous extract via gastric intubation and Group (4) received 1 mL of distilled water containing 43 mg/rat of Pomegranate peel aqueous extract via gastric intubation. All rats were treated with the respective regime daily for five weeks. Administrations of lead acetate for 5 weeks caused significant decrease of total proteins, globulins (α, β & γ), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine hormone (T4) with significant increase of the urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lead residue in liver and lipid peroxidase. Mild degenerative and necrobiotic changes in liver and kidney were detected histopathologically. Administration of pomegranate peel extract revealed minor ameliorative effect on serum proteins, aminotransferases and urea levels. Treating rats with both of lead acetate and <em>Punica granatum</em> peel aqueous extract for 5 weeks revealed focal hepatic necrosis, hypercellularity of renal glomeruli and degeneration in the epithelial cells lining of renal tubules. Administration of aqueous extract of <em>Punica granatum</em> peel for 5 weeks to healthy rats induced congestion of central vein of liver and degeneration in the epithelial cells lining of renal tubules. This study figure out that administration of <em>Punica</em> <em>granatum</em> peel aqueous extract had a mild deleterious effect on healthy rats with a slight improvement on the oxidative damage induced by lead intoxication in rats.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819973
oai:zenodo.org:819973
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819972
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Lead toxicity
Punica granatum
Biochemical
Histopathology
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Punica granatum Peel on the Oxidative Damage Induced by Lead Intoxication in Rats
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:820611
2020-01-20T17:21:45Z
user-zvj
Adel M. Attia
Eman A. Fatah
Gamal A. Elmowalid
2017-06-28
<p>Detection of AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC-bls) is important for infection control purposes and therapeutic options. Here, we provided a diagnostic anti β-lactamase neutralization test (bla-NT); modified from broth microdilution (BM) for the detection of bls-AmpC, CMY, in multidrug resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. Anti-bla neutralizing activity against these two bacteria was tested. Anti bla-CMY was prepared in rabbits and used in: bla-NT; investigating effect on bacterial colony forming unit (CFU); and in ELISA. In bla-NT, the anti-bla-CMY neutralized exocellular bls produced by the tested bacterial strains and resulted in an increase in the bacterial sensitivity to the tested antimicrobials and reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration. Interestingly, the anti-bla-CMY decreased the CFU and its morphology when added to the tested bacteria. ELISA-OD was significantly correlated with the drop in minimum inhibitory concentration and CFU counts at P-value ≤ 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. It could be concluded that, bla-NT could detect bls-AmpC and run parallel to BM in microbiology laboratory. Investigations are running to develop the test for quantitative detection of bls-AmpC.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820611
oai:zenodo.org:820611
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820610
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
Multidrug resistant bacteria
β-lactamases
AmpC
Laboratory Detection and Neutralizing Activity of Exocellular AmpC β-lactamases by Anti bla-CMY
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:820637
2020-01-20T16:24:41Z
user-zvj
Maha M. El Alem
Thoria A. Hamed
Dalia T. Mohamed
2017-06-28
<p>The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of propolis and norfloxacin against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in Nile catfish (<em>Clarias garipeinus</em>). Fish were collected from a private fish farm in Sharkia Governorate and fed commercial fish diet. Fish were divided into six groups; Group 1: non-infected non-treated, Group 2: experimentally infected with <em>A. hydrophila</em> and non-treated, Group 3: normal fish administered propolis in feed by dose (10g/kg BW for 10 days), Group 4: infected fish treated with therapeutic dose of norfloxacin (10mg/kg BW for 10 days), Group 5: infected fish treated with propolis and Group 6: infected fish treated with therapeutic dose of norfloxacin and propolis (with the previous dose). The results indicated that propolis and norfloxacin were effective against <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The hematological parameters were improved in Groups 4, 5 and 6 when compared with Group 2. The second group showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferrase (ALT), urea, creatinine and malondialdhyde activity, while the mentioned parameters were improved decreased in Groups 5 and 6. Also, our results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in immunological parameters in Groups 3, 5 and 6. Moreover, this study also reported the pathological lesions in gills, liver, kidneys, heart, spleen and intestine of fish infected with <em>A. hydrophila</em> which became milder in treated fish especially with propolis and antibiotic. The present results suggest that the administration of propolis and norfloxacin were effective against <em>A. hydrophila</em> without hazard effects on hematological and biochemical parameters.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820637
oai:zenodo.org:820637
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820636
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Propolis
Aeromonas hydrophila
Catfish
Norfloxacin
Pathological and Biochemical Studies on some Antimicrobials in Clarias garipeinus Fish Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:1000462
2020-01-20T16:58:57Z
user-zvj
Doaa Ibrahim
Haytham A. Ali
Shefaa A.M. El-Mandrawy
2017-10-02
<p>Different sources of Zinc (Zn) were compared to assess their possible effects on performance, nutrients retention, mineral distribution and some serum parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 200 one-day old Ross 308 chicks were divided into in equal four dietary treatments groups with five replicates each of ten chicks. The experimental groups were given the basal diet (inorganic ZnO), basal diet supplemented with organic Zn (Zn methionine), nano-ZnO and Zn-mix (organic Zn and nano-ZnO) at a concentration of 50 mg/kg of diet. After 42 days of feeding trial, the group supplemented with nano-ZnO exhibited the best final body weight and feed conversion ratio (2380 g/bird and 1.69, respectively). Nano-ZnO and Zn-mix supplementation significantly increased crude fat retention (86.70 and 86.75%, respectively). All sources of supplemented Zn other than inorganic ZnO significantly increased (P<0.05) Zn retention especially in the group supplemented with nano-ZnO (41.8%). Organic Zn and/or nano-ZnO sources supplemented to broiler diets significantly increased (P<0.05) iron and copper contents in the hepatic tissue and Zn content in the tibia. The mean of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotien were significantly reduced (P<0.05) by dietary supplementation of organic Zn and/or nano-ZnO. The activity of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) by addition nano-ZnO or Zn-mix. Dietary Zn-mix and nano-ZnO positively affected mRNA expression of insulin like growth factor-1 and growth hormone genes in broilers when compared to the inorganic ZnO source. The present findings prospected that replacing traditional inorganic ZnO source with nano-ZnO or combining nano-ZnO and Zn methionine at applied concentration, promoted the growth of broilers, enhanced Zn up take and antioxidant status without negative effect on selected minerals distribution in tissues. </p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000462
oai:zenodo.org:1000462
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000461
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Zinc Sources
Performance
Nutrients Retention
Minerals Bio Distribution
Gene Expression
Broilers
Effects of Different Zinc Sources on Performance, Bio Distribution of Minerals and Expression of Genes Related to Metabolism of Broiler Chickens
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819874
2020-01-20T17:16:40Z
user-zvj
Adel M. Attia
Mohammed N. Hassan
Shymaa E. Elwan
2017-06-27
<p>Beta-lactamases (bls) are implicated seriously in resistance to β - lactam antibiotics. β- lactam resistance related to Sulfa hydral variabl- beta lactamases (SHV- bls) were detected in <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Klebsiellae</em> isolated from human and chickens. In this work, resistance profile of the isolates, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) activity and SHV genes sequencing were examined. <em>E. coli</em> was isolated from humans, broiler and day-old chicks samples, meanwhile, <em>K. pneumonia </em>was isolated only from human samples (88.8%). Sixty-four (88.8 %) of human isolates contained beta-lactamases (iodometric positive)<strong>, </strong>28% were ESBLs and 35% contained SHV. In case of day-old chick isolates, 50% contained beta-lactamases (iodometric positive), 5.5% were ESBLs. Out of 45 broiler isolates, 37.7% contained beta-lactmases (iodometric positive)<strong>, </strong>8.8% were ESBLs and 80% contained SHV. It was found that SHV were of SHV-5 and SHV-12. It could be concluded that, wide spread of ESBLs SHV-5 and SHV-12 in humans and chicken is a major concern in resistance to β -lactam drugs.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819874
oai:zenodo.org:819874
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819873
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Extended spectrum beta lactamases
Sulfa hydral variable (SHV)
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Molecular Characterization of β-lactamase Genes in Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819912
2020-01-20T17:01:08Z
user-zvj
Ahmed E. Ahmed
Alaa Eldin Zain Elabdeen
Omar Zain
2017-06-27
<p>The postpartum period is considered an important period in the reproductive life of dairy cows.<strong><em> </em></strong>This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>)-CIDR supplementation in the course of Ovsynch regimens in postpartum Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Eighty Holstein Friesian dairy cows were used. All animals were gynaecologically examined for uterine involution and ovarian resumption by rectal ultrasound scan. Those with history of endometritis, caesarean section, dystocia, retained placenta, acute mastitis, lameness or other unhealthy were excluded. Fifty-two cows were cyclic and twenty eights were non-cyclic. Animals were divided into three synch-regimens. The 1<sup>st</sup> group (N=27), used as a control, is the ovsynch regimen only in which the animals were treated with GnRH-PGF<sub>2α</sub>-GnRH (GPG), the 2<sup>nd</sup> group (N=26) in which the GPG was presynchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device before (CIDR-GPG), and the 3<sup>rd</sup> group (N=27) in which CIDR device was incorporated into GPG, after the first GnRH injection (G-CIDR-PG). Blood samples were collected 5 times (day -7, 0, 7, 14 and 50) for measuring P<sub>4</sub> using enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) technique. Ultrasound examinations were performed on days -7, 0, 7 and 9 for following up the ovarian changes, and repeated at 35, 45 and 50 days post-insemination for pregnancy diagnosis. Conception rate was variable among groups. It was increased by 69.23, 51.85 and 40.74% in CIDR-GPG, G-CIDR-PG regimens treated groups and GPG-control group, respectively. The conception rate was higher in the cyclic versus acyclic GPG group (44.4 vs. 33.3 %). On the other hand, acyclic cows were highly responsive than cyclic cows in CIDR-GPG group (70.0 vs. 68.8%) and G-CIDR-PG group (55.6 vs. 50.0%). In conclusion, we recommend that the CIDR-GPG regimen is improving fertility and conception rate in postpartum dairy cows.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819912
oai:zenodo.org:819912
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819911
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
CIDR
Cow
Conception
Ovsynch
Presynchronization with CIDR improved the efficiency of ovsynch in the cyclic and acyclic Postpartum Pluriparous Cows
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:999562
2020-01-20T17:39:58Z
user-zvj
Fardos A.M. Hassan
Rania Mahmoud
Iman E. El-Araby
2017-09-29
<p>Zinc nanoparticles showed a great potential as mineral feed supplements in animals than the conventional sources. However, this potential has not been applied in rabbit nutrition. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary nano-zinc oxide on the growth performance, serum biochemical, economic parameters and gene expression of interleukin-6 in growing rabbits. A total of 120 male, five-week-old New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were randomly distributed into four equal groups. The control group (Z<sub>0</sub>) was fed on a basal diet with zinc free premix; the other three experimental groups received the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg zinc oxide/kg diet (Z<sub>1</sub>), 60 mg nano-zinc oxide/kg diet (Z<sub>2</sub>) and 30 mg nano-zinc oxide/kg diet (Z<sub>3</sub>), respectively. The results revealed that rabbits in the groups Z<sub>2</sub> and Z<sub>3</sub> had higher body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, serum total protein, globulin, IgG and SOD when compared with those of groups Z<sub>0 </sub>and Z<sub>1</sub> (<em>P</em><0.001). In addition, growth hormone level was higher in Z<sub>3</sub> group than in the other groups, whereas no significant differences were recorded among the treated groups in respect to serum TSH concentration (<em>P</em>>0.05). Hepatic and serum zinc contents were high in Z<sub>2</sub> and Z<sub>3 </sub>groups, but the copper contents were decreased. Rabbits of group Z<sub>3</sub> yielded the highest gross margin with the lowest expenses to produce 1 kg of live weight compared with the others. The production of IL6 in spleen was increased in Z<sub>3</sub> group than that in the other groups. Thus, it can be concluded that nano-zinc oxide at a concentration of 30 mg/kg diet may be used instead of the traditional zinc sources in rabbit diets.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999562
oai:zenodo.org:999562
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999561
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Nano-ZnO
Performance
Serum indices
Hepatic zinc
IL6
Costs
Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical, Economic Evaluation and IL6 Gene Expression in Growing Rabbits Fed Diets Supplemented with Zinc Nanoparticles
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
oai:zenodo.org:819907
2020-01-20T17:32:32Z
user-zvj
Hoda M.L. Abd-Allah
Mona M. AbdAlhady
Magda N.A. Abdelall
Sahar N. Mohamedy
Waheeb D.M. Alharbi
Adil O. Bahathiq
2017-06-27
<p>Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent causes of reproductive failure. Its pathogenesis may be hormonal and immune disorder with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of coleus forskohlii roots extract (CFE) in modulating the levels of some hormones and immune parameters of rats with androgen induced PCOS. Fifty immature female albino rats were divided into control group and androgen treated group that injected subcutaneously with 60 mg/kg BW/day androgen (Cidotestone) for 35 days to induce PCOS. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups. The first two subgroups received saline and 25 mg/kg BW of CFE, respectively while the other two subgroups received the same doses of Cidotestone and Cidotestone + CFE, respectively for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment to estimate the levels of corticosterone, beta endorphin, total leucocytic count (TLC), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD<sup>+</sup>4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD<sup>+</sup>8), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA). The results revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of β endorphin, IL-2, TLC, CD<sup>+</sup>4, CD<sup>+</sup>8 and IgG, while corticosterone and IL-4 showed a significant increase in the androgen induced PCOS group. Rats treated with Cidotestone + CFE displayed normal values of all tested parameters except corticosterone, suggesting role of CFE in mediating both humoral and cellular immunity.</p>
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819907
oai:zenodo.org:819907
Zenodo
https://zenodo.org/communities/zvj
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.819906
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Coleus forskohlii
Rats
Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome
Hormonal and Immunological responses to Coleus forskohlii treatment in Female Rats with Experimentally Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome
info:eu-repo/semantics/article