Term	Explanation	Source	Language	Page	Remark
3D-bombing	Dreidimensional gebautes Wort oder Pseudonym, aus beispielsweise Holz oder Styropor, das illegal in der Stadt installiert wird. Dieser Begriff wurde durch die Schriftbilder von ZASD und AKIM geprägt, die unter anderem Buchstaben aus Styropor ausschneiden und in der Stadt verkleben.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
3D-style	Dreidimensionales Schriftbild. Die einzelnen Buchstaben oder das Wort werden so  gemalt, als würden sie sich im Raum bewegen oder das Wort selbst wird dreidimensional gebaut wie beim 3D-Bombing.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Ad-buster	Person, die Werbung manipuliert, kritisiert, zerstört oder entfremdet. Siehe auch »Ad-Busting«.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Ad-busting	US-Amerikanische Bewegung, die sich gegen Werbung richtet. Ad-busting setzt sich aus advertising (<engl.> Werbung) und to bust (<engl.> wegmachen, zerstören) zusammen und beinhaltet das Verfälschen und Verfremden von Reklame, Markennamen, Slogans und Logos, oftmals zum Zwecke der kritischen Antiwerbung.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Affiches	<franz.> Plakate oder Poster in Frankreich	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Anti-pub-aktivisten	Pariser Aktivisten, die wie die Ad-Busters in den USA gegen Werbung agieren. Anti-Pub setzt sich aus anti (<engl.> gegen) und Publicity (<engl.> Werbung) zusammen.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Bitumen	Wasser abweisender, gut deckender, lösungsmittelhaltiger und tiefschwarzer Anstrich bzw. Dachlack.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Bombing	Schnell gesprühtes, auf Quantität ausgelegtes Graffito, bei dem die Buchstaben häufig Silber/Schwarz gestaltet sind.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Buff	Reinigen von mit Graffiti oder Street Art gestalteten Flächen.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Burner	Gutes, qualitativ hervorragendes Bild an einer Wand oder auf einem Zug.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Character	bildhafte, figürliche Darstellung von Mensch, Pflanze oder Tier. Oft comichaft, vereinfacht und reduziert in der Form.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Crew	Regionaler oder überregionaler Zusammenschluss von Writers und/oder Street-Art-Akteuren.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Culture jammer	Anhänger/Aktivisten des Culture Jamming. Siehe Culture Jamming.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Culture jamming	Störung kultureller (v. a. Reklame- und massenmedialer) Kommunikation mit dem Ziel, ihre Strategien zu durchleuchten und/oder alternative, oppositionelle Lesarten anzubieten.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Cut-out	Umschnittenes Plakat (<engl.> ausschneiden). Ein Motiv wird aus Papier ausgeschnitten und anschließend in der Stadt verklebt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Destroy lines	Zerstörerisch wirkende Linien eines Graffiti-Tags. Ein Tag das über oder auf etwas anderes geschrieben wird, wodurch die Wirkung dessen, was darunter liegt, verloren geht.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Drips	Farbnasen, die durch das intensive Auftragen von Farbe entstehen. Drips laufen häufig bei Bildern von Anfängern, deren Strichführung noch unsicher ist. Sie werden aber auch von erfahrenen Künstlern als Gestaltungsmittel eingesetzt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Fame	Ruhm bzw. »guter Ruf«, den ein Street-Art-Akteur oder Writer innerhalb der Szene erlangt, aufgrund aussagekräftiger Bilder, Mut, Kreativität, Style, Quantität oder den gefährlichen Stellen, an denen er seine Bilder hinterlässt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Flow	Zusammenspiel zwischen der Bewegung des Körpers und der Linienführung beim Malen, Schreiben, Gehen usw. Der Begriff wird häufig auch als Wertung benutzt: »Das hat Flow.«	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Flowpen	Dicker Stift oder Marker, der einen guten Strich erzeugt. Zum Beispiel ein Marker, bei dem die Farbe durch Schütteln und Pumpen saftig aufgetragen werden kann.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Graffiti	Auf Wände gesprühte Bilder, Figuren, Zeichen, politische Botschaften und Sprüche (Einzahl:  Graffito).	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Graffiti-writer	Graffitisprüher der sich ausschließlich mit Schriftbildern und Buchstaben auseinandersetzt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
King	Writer, der mit seinem Pseudonym in einer Stadt oder in einem Bezirk am stärksten präsent ist oder der sich durch besonders gute Bilder auszeichnet.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Kunst-am-bau	Geplante, legitime und legale Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Der Künstler arbeitet häufig mit Stadtplanern oder Architekten zusammen.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Marker	Dicker, wasserfester Stift der zum Malen und Taggen benutzt wird (auch Postermarker genannt).	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Nofitti	Gesetz gegen Graffiti-Sprayer, das im Herbst 2005 verabschiedet wurde. Danach können Graffiti-Sprayer und Street-Art-Akteure leichter bestraft werden. Musste bisher ein Gutachter feststellen, ob Sachbeschädigung und damit eine Straftat vorlag, ist jetzt schon das reine Besprayen, Bekleben oder Bemalen strafbar. Unter anderem ist seitdem die Verfolgung von Sprayern mit Hubschraubereinsätzen möglich.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Piece	Aufwendiges, meist buntes Schriftbild eines Graffiti-Writers.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Pochoir	<franz.> Schablonengraffito. Siehe Schablonengraffiti.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Pump-marker	Stift, bei dem durch Schütteln und Pumpen die wasserfeste Farbe saftig aufgetragen werden kann (wird auch als MAGIC MARKER bezeichnet). Siehe auch FLOWPEN.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Roll-on	Schriftzug, der mit einer Malerrolle und Fassadenfarbe gerollt wird (auch Rollerbombing oder Roller genannt).	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Schablone	Musterstück aus Blech, Holz, Folie oder Pappe zum Nachbilden gleicher Formen mittels Pinsel oder Sprühdose.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Schablonengraffiti	Bild, das durch das Sprühen über eine Schablone entstanden ist.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Spot	Geeigneter Ort für ein Tag, Plakat, Sticker, Bombing, Throw-up oder Piece.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	200	-
Stencils	<engl.> Schablonengraffiti. Siehe Schablonengraffiti.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Street-bombing	Bombing, das in einer Straße gesprüht wird. Siehe auch Bombing.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Sticker	<engl.> Aufkleber	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Style	Die individuelle Schreibweise, Technik(en) oder Verfremdung von Buchstaben oder Figuren, mit der sich ein Writer oder Street Artist von anderen abhebt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Subvertising	Minimales Verändern von Werbebotschaften so dass es der Betrachter erst auf den zweiten Blick merkt, mit dem Zweck, Werbung als solche zu hinterfragen.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Tag	Pseudonym eines Graffitimalers/Writers, das mit Dose, Kreide oder Marker geschriebenen wird.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Throw-up	Buchstabe oder Wort eines Graffito das mit einer durchgängigen Linie gemalt wurde. Die Füllung der Buchstaben ist oft grob schraffiert. Ein Throw-up besticht durch seinen Flow und seine Dynamik, die aus der Kombination von Schnelligkeit und Kontrolle der Linien resultieren.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Toy	Bezeichnung für die Anfänger in der Street-Art- und Writing-Szene, die noch keine eigenen Ideen umsetzen, abmalen oder noch keinen Style haben. Der Begriff wird auch für Macher mit langjähriger Erfahrung benutzt, die jedoch keine Fortschritte machen.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Typographie	Gestaltung des Schriftsatzes oder Schriftbildes.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Urban art	Allgemeiner Begriff für künstlerische Aktivitäten im städtischen Raum.' Sehr dehnbare Bezeichnung, die sowohl Street Art, Writing als auch offiziell geförderte Kunst mit einschließt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Urbanität	Städtisches Leben bzw. städtische Lebensform, die sich in einzelnen Vierteln entwickeln.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Writer	Graffitisprüher der sich ausschließlich mit Schriftbildern und Buchstaben auseinandersetzt.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Writing	Stilrichtung der Graffitibewegung, bei der das Schreiben des Pseudonyms im Vordergrund steht.	Krause, D., Heinicke, C. (Eds.), 2010. Street Art: Die Stadt als Spielplatz, Second ed. Archiv der Jugendkulturen, Berlin, 208 pp.	German	201	-
Bombing	Auf Schnelligkeit und Quantität ausgelegtes, möglichst flächendeckendes und unautorisiertes Sprühen/Malen von Graffiti – vorwiegend von Tags und Throw-Ups. Oftmals in silberfarbenem Chrom gehalten, da sich diese Farbe aufgrund der Deckkraft (und des Preises) unter Writern bewährt hat.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	367	-
Buffing	Unter Buffing versteht man das Entfernen, Überstreichen bzw. Weißeln von Street Art, Graffiti und Tags.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	367	-
Can	Sprühdose	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	367	-
Cap	Sprühkopf, welcher als Aufsatz auf Sprühdosen dient. Caps bestimmen den Durchmesser des austretenden Farbstrahls und regulieren somit die Linien-stärke der Farbe.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	367	-
Character	Im Kontext von Graffiti und Street Art versteht man unter Character eine figürliche Darstellung. Der Begriff bezieht sich nicht auf Technikaspekte; wenn-gleich Character größtenteils auf Freihandzeichnungen/-malereien basieren.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	367	-
Crew	Zusammenschluss von Writern. Ihr Name besteht zumeist aus Abkürzungen und setzt sich aus einer Kombination mehrerer Buchstaben und/oder Zahlen zusammen.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	368	-
Crossen	Das bewusste Überkleben, Übermalen oder Durchstreichen eines bereits bestehenden Graffiti- oder Street-Art-Pieces.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	368	-
Fame	Ansehen eines Künstlers, welches mit dem Bekanntheitsgrad desselben einhergeht und oftmals mit dem jeweiligen Output (auf der Straße) in Verbindung gebracht wird.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	368	-
Getting Up	Unter Getting Up versteht man die forcierte, primär auf Quantität ausgelegte Sichtbarkeitsmaximierung eines Graffiti-Künstlers, welche durch das Anbringen von Tags, Throw-Ups und Pieces im öffentlichen Raum erreicht wird. Damit einhergehend ist die Steigerung szeneinterner Akzeptanz und Reputation verbunden. Im Bereich der Street Art ist dieser Begriff eher unüblich.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	368	-
Guerilla Knitting	Unter Guerilla Knitting versteht man das Umhäkeln oder Umstricken von Gegenständen im öffentlichen Raum, wie z.B. Parkbänken, Straßenlaternen, Brückengeländern, Fahrradständern etc. Diese Praktik ist ebenfalls unter dem Begriff Yarn Bombing bekannt.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	368	-
Hall of Fame	Für Grafitti-Künstler freigegebene Fläche zum legalen Anbringen von Graffiti. Dementsprechend entstehen in Hall of Fames oftmals auch ‚aufwendigere‘, auf Qualität ausgelegte Arbeiten, da Writer keine rechtlichen Restriktionen fürchten müssen und somit wesentlich mehr Zeit haben.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	368	-
Mural	Ein Mural ist eine großflächige Wandmalerei, die heutzutage vor allem mit dem Kontext von Graffiti und Street Art in Verbindung gebracht wird; in ihrem Ursprung reichen Murals jedoch zurück bis zur mexikanischen Revolution der 1920er Jahre. Zu den wichtigsten Vertretern jenes sogenannten Muralismo gehörten José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera und David Alfaro Siqueiros. Dies erklärt u.a., warum vor allem in Lateinamerika Murals mit nationalen, sozialkritischen oder historischen Inhalten bis heute das Stadtbild vieler Metropolen prägen. Heutzutage werden Murals jedoch vor allem im Kontext von Street- und Urban-Art-Festivals gestaltet; sie dienen der Aufpolierung grauer Fassaden und weisen vermehrt dekorativen Charakter auf. Teilweise gelten Murals bereits als Motor für innerstädtische Gentrifizierungsprozesse. Auch große Firmen und Werbeanbieter nehmen sich der großflächigen Wandgestaltung an. Oftmals greifen sie hierfür ganz explizit auf Street-Art-Ästhetik zurück, weshalb es zunehmend schwerer wird, zwischen künstlerischer Ausdrucksform und reiner Werbebotschaft zu unterscheiden.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	369	-
Oneliner	Oneliner bezeichnen Arbeiten (bzw. die zugehörige Zeichen-, Mal- oder Sprüh-technik), die in ‚nur einem Zug‘ entstanden sind. Das heißt, der jeweilige Stift, Marker, Pinsel oder die Sprühdose wird vom Künstler zu keinem Zeitpunkt des Produktionsprozesses abgesetzt; vielmehr rückt die Dynamik der Linienführung in den Vordergrund.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	369	-
Pasten	Unter Pasten versteht man das Ankleben von Street-Art-Arbeiten, sogenannten Paste-Ups (siehe unten).	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	369	-
Paste-Up	Ein Paste-Up ist ein auf Papier gefertigtes Street-Art-Werk, das mittels Kleister im Stadtraum angebracht wird. Die Namensgebung rekurriert auf das englische „to paste“ = kleistern, kleben. Weniger geläufig ist der Begriff Cut-Out (engl. to cut out = ausschneiden).	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	369	-
Piece	Im Kontext von Street Art und Graffiti spricht man anstelle von Bildern oder Werken auch von sogenannten Pieces.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370	-
Scratching	Scratching (engl. to scratch = kratzen) bezeichnet die Praktik des bewussten Zerkratzens von Glas-, Plastik- oder Farboberflächen mittels dementsprechender Hilfsmittel. Besonders beliebte Oberflächen sind Fensterscheiben des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs, wie solche von Zügen, Straßenbahnen oder Bussen.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370	-
Sell-Out	Des Sell-Outs werden im Allgemeinen Street-Art- und Graffiti-Künstler bezichtigt, die ihre Bilder, Motive und Schriftzüge als kommerzielle Produkte vermarkten. Sie widersetzen sich somit dem ursprünglichen Selbstverständnis der Street Art und verkaufen ihre Ästhetik an den ‚Feind‘ – Auftraggeber sind oftmals große Firmen und Lifestyle-Marken. Die Arbeit auf der Straße wird im Zuge dessen oftmals vernachlässigt oder kommt zum Stillstand.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370	-
Shitstorm	Ein Shitstorm ist eine spezifische Form von Empörungswelle im Internet, die (unsachliche) Kritik an einem einzelnen Post oder Kommentar übt.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370	-
Spot	Ort, ausgewählte Stelle	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370	-
Stencil	Stencil (engl. für Schablone) sind Arbeiten, die unter Zuhilfenahme von Schablonen gefertigt werden:  Durch die ausgeschnittenen Partien der Schablone wird Farbe gesprüht und somit auf den Untergrund aufgetragen. Unter anderem ist auch der Begriff Pochoir (franz. für Schablone) bekannt.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370	-
Street Credibility	Street Credibility (oder ‚Street Cred‘) ist eine Form der internen Authentizitätszuweisung/-schreibung, welche auf die ‚Wurzeln‘ des jeweiligen Künstlers (auf der Straße) verweist und somit in Verbindung mit seiner Glaubwürdigkeit und Legitimation steht. Häufiger als im Diskurs der Street Art wird der Begriff im Kontext von Graffiti und Hip-Hop verwendet.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	370-371	-
Street-Art-Hotspot	Ballungszentrum; ein von Street-Art-Künstlern beliebter, hochfrequentierter Ort, an dem sie ihre Werke anbringen Street-Art-Szene Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass es die Street-Art-Szene nicht gibt. Vielmehr setzt sich die Street-Art-Welt aus verschiedenen, heterogenen Akteuren und Akteurgruppen zusammen, die oftmals kaum bis gar keine Gemeinsamkeiten miteinander aufweisen. Dennoch gibt es bestimmte Regeln und Konventionen, Vorstellungen und Selbstverständnisse, über die sich die Street-Art-Szene entwirft. Das Interessante dabei ist, dass diese Regeln und Konventionen in sozialer Interaktion permanent (neu) ausgehandelt werden (à Street-Art-Welt).	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	371	-
Street-Art-Welt	Das soziale bzw. soziotechnische Gefüge, in dem die an der Street-Art-Praxis beteiligten Akteure verortet sind. In seinem 1982 erschienenen Buch Art Worlds setzt sich der amerikanische Soziologe Howard S. Becker vom Kunstwelt-Begriff des amerikanischen Philosophen Arthur C. Danto ab und spricht Kunst einen Netzwerkcharakter zu:  Kunst ist nicht das Werk eines Einzelnen, sondern das Resultat kooperativer Tätigkeit und kollektiven Handelns, so Becker. Siehe dazu weiterführend auch Bengtsen (2014) und Derwanz (2013).	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	371	-
Tag	Ein Tag ist die (gesprühte) ‚Signatur‘ eines Writers. Tags dienen der Markierung von Orten, manchmal auch von Territorien, und operieren als indexikalische Zeichen:  „Ich war hier“ ist die Grundaussage, die dahintersteht. Tags sind als genealogische Grund- oder Reinform eines jeden (Graffiti-)Pieces anzusehen. Es gibt einerseits Tags, die Ästhetiken des Kalligrafischen zitieren; andere wiederum verschließen sich den Kriterien des Kunstsystems (und/oder des ‚allgemeinen Geschmacks‘) ganz bewusst. Einer, der der Praktik des Taggens wohl mit am obsessivsten nachging, war Taki 183, welcher in den 1970er Jahren mit seinem Pseudonym ganz New York invadierte. Taki rekurriert hierbei auf die griechische Kurzform seines Geburtsnamens „Demetrius“; 183 war die Hausnummer seiner New Yorker Adresse.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	371-372	-
Throw-Up	Ein relativ zügig gemalter, auf Buchstaben reduzierter Schriftzug, welcher häufig nur mit Schraffierung ausgefüllt ist	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	372	-
Writer	Graffiti-Künstler, der der Praktik des Writings (à Writing) nachkommt	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	372	-
Writing	Praktik des Graffiti-Sprühens/-Malens, welche vorwiegend auf Buchstaben, als Basiselement künstlerischer Komposition, fokussiert.	Glaser, K., 2017. Street Art und neue Medien: Akteure - Praktiken - Ästhetiken. Locating Media/Situierte Medien 17. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 416 pp.	German	372	-
Bite	To copy another writer’s style.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Bomb	Prolific painting or marking with ink.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Buff	Any means employed by the Transit Authority to remove graffiti from trains. To buff = To erase.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Burn	To beat the competition.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Burner	A well-done wildstyle window-down whole car; a burner is a winner.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Cap, fat or skinny	Interchangeable spray-can nozzles fitted to can to vary width of spray.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Crew	Loosely organized group of writers, also known as a clique.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Def	Really good (derived from "death")	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Ding dong	Relatively new stainless-steel type of subway car, so named for the bell that rings just before the doors close.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Down	In, part of the group or action (e.g. "He's down with us").	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Fade	To blend colors.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Flat	Older slab-sided type of subway car, the most suitable surface for painting.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Getting up	Successfully hitting a train.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Going over	One writer covering another writer's name with his own.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Hit	To tag up any surface with paint or ink	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Kill	To hit or bomb excessively.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
King	The best with the most.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Lay-up	A siding where trains are parked overnight and on weekends.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Married couple	Two cars permanently attached, identified by their consecutive numbers.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Panel piece	A painting below the windows and between the doors of a subway car.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Piece	A painting, short for masterpiece. To piece = To paint graffiti.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Piece book	A writer's sketchbook.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Rack	To steal.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Ridgy	Subway car with corrugated, stainless-steel sides, unsuitable for graffiti.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Tag	A writer's signature with marker or spray paint.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Tagging up	Writing signature with marker or spray paint.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Throw-up	A name painted quickly with one layer of spray paint and an outline.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Top-to-bottom	A piece which extends from the top of the car to the bottom	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Toy	Inexperienced or incompetent writer.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Up	Describes a writer whose work appears regularly on the trains.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Wak	Substandard or incorrect (derived from "out of whack").	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Wildstyle	A complicated construction of interlocking letters.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Window-down	A piece done below the windows.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
Writer	Practitioner of the art of graffiti.	Cooper, M., Chalfant, H., 1984. Subway art. Thames & Hudson, London, 105 pp.	English	27	-
blackbook	The sketchbook of a graffiti artist	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
bombing / to bomb	Prolific spray-painting on trains and walls	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
bubble style	An early type of lettering, which developed in New York and gives letters a rounded appearance, making them look like bubbles or clouds	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
buff/to buff	The chemical cleaning process undertaken by local authorities to rid tarins or walls of graffiti	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
cap (fat or skinny)	Spraycan nozzle that can be fitted to alter spray width (to produce thicker or thinner lines)	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
character	a figurative element (animals, comical figures etc) of a picture. In the early days, characters were used as ancillaries to letters but now they are an independent style group	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
crew	a group of graffiti artists who create pieces and tag the crew initials along with their name	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
end-to-end (e2e)	A picture below the windows on a train, stretching the whole length of the carriage	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
fill-in	The soldi area inside a letter, which is coloured in	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
Hall of Fame	Mostly legal walls on which high-quality pictures are produced	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
insides	A train carriage that has been spray-painted inside	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
lay-up	The siding in which a train is left between use	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
logo graffiti / iconic graffiti	a relatively new graffiti style, specializing in the production of emblems and striking logos	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
mural	A lavishly created piece, not dependent on technique whether painted with a brush or spraycan	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
nozzle	Another expression for a cap	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
outline	The outline of letters	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
outsides	Carriages spray-painted on the outside	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
panel	a picture painted below the window of a train	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
piece	Short for ‘masterpiece’, the expression for a spray-painted letter-oriented picture	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
pochoir	The French expression for stencil graffiti	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
post-graffiti (neo-graffiti)	Modern development in graffiti culture, characterized by more innovative approaches to form and technique that go beyond traditional perceptions of the classic graffiti style	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
stencil graffiti	A technique in which a motif is cut out of cardboard to create a template, through which an image can be painted or spray-painted again and again	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
street art	An independent art form, which often has older roots and has not been influenced by hip-hop;  nowadays it is often used as a generic term for art in urban, public spaces	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
style	Previously a synonym for the individual letters of a writer; now refers to an artist’s individual style	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
tag	Striking signature of a graffiti artist	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
throw-up	Simple letters, often only with an outline or a single-colour fill-in, which are generally painted very quickly	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
top-to-bottom(t2b)	a piece that covers a carriage from top to bottom	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
toy	Derogatory term for a beginner or unskilled graffiti artist	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
whole car	a carriage that has been spray-painted all over	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
whole train	A train that has been spray-painted all over	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
wildstyle	a very complex construction of entwined letters	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
writer	A graffiti artists who generally concentrates on letters (tags, styles etc)	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
yard	A depot where trains are put when they are out of use	Ganz, N., Manco, T., 2004. Graffiti world: Street art from five continents. Harry N. Abrams, New York, 375 pp.	English	374	-
anonymous	to remain unknown, or nameless	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
graffiti	pictures or messages drawn on walls or surfaces	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
illegal	against the law	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
illusions	things that appear to exist but do not	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
inspiration	the filling of someone with an idea to do or create something	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
temporary	lasting a short time	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
trespassing	coming onto someone else’s private property without permission	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
urban	from or of the city	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
visibility	something’s ability to be seen	Greve, T., 2014. A look at urban art. Art and music. Rourke Educational Media, Vero Beach, 25 pp.	English	23	-
Art Brut	translates as 'raw are. From 1945 the French artist Jean Dubuffet used art brut to describe naive and self-taught art.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Generation X	applies to the generation born in the United Kingdom from the early-to-mid-1960s to the early 1980s.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Hobo graffiti	since the nineteenth century in America, itinerant workers – hobos – have helped each other out by leaving symbols that only the hobo community can understand.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Lenticular print	printed image produced with lenticular lenses giving an illusion of depth or movement as the image is viewed from different angles.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Pixação	also spelled pichação, it is an angular writing style that first emerged in São Paulo in the 1980s as a means of protest and to express anger against the city's inequalities, by degrading the city.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Photorealist	a painting style that emulates the precision and detail of a photograph.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Pop Art	a global art movement emerging in 1950s America, drawing inspiration from popular culture, such as advertisements and comics.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Screenprinting	a type of stencil printing that uses a screen made from fabric stretched tightly over a frame.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Situationists	situationists created bizarre and Surrealist-inspired interventions in the city streets that questioned the passive order of everyday life.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Surrealism	a cultural movement from the mid-twentieth century that was interested in dreams and the unconscious.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Wheatpasting	a technique of putting up posters using a glue made of flour and water.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
Zines	non-commercial and usually self-published booklets produced by creators with a passion.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	168	Part of the Glossary section
All City	the aim of the graffiti writer, to have your name up everywhere in the city, more than anyone else.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
B-boying/b-girling	also known as breakdancing, a gymnastic style of street dance. The moves derive from self-defence against other gangs, and include spinning on the head, knees and hands.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Bite	to blatantly copy or steal, some-one else's style. This may be met with ridicule, work being painted over, tags crossed out and occasionally violence.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Black Book	a writer's sketchbook, their pride and joy. The commonly used ones had black covers.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Bomb	the act of painting or marking your name. As in 'bombardment', the writer puts their name everywhere possible.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Bombing	going out to write graffiti with the intention of blanketing as many surfaces as possible.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Bubble Letters	balloon letters that evolved in the 1970s, commonly used for 'throw-ups’.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Buff	washing, scrubbing away or cleaning graffiti.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Burner	a simple graffiti piece that is superior to all the work around it. More sophisticated than a throw-up, it will involve a few colours.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	169	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Cap	the nozzle of a spray can.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
End to end	a train painted from one end to the other, also referred to as E to E.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Fill-in	a throw-up with the text filled in with a colour.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Getting up	the activity of getting your name on walls. Also used in the same way as 'bombing'.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Going over	painting over someone else's work. Sometimes this is done maliciously to destroy the work of a rival or 'toy'.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
King	someone whose work dominates the city and has earned the respect of everyone through individual style and productivity.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Lay-up	a section of train track where trains are parked up when not in service.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Rack	to steal. Usually used in relation to robbing painting materials and spray cans from shops, as in 'racking paint'.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Tag	the writer's signature.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Throw-up	larger scale, more elaborate version of a tag.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Top to bottom	a piece or throw-up that spans the full height of a train carriage.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Toy	used to describe and insult unskilled beginners.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Whole car	a train carriage that has been fully painted on the outside.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Wildstyle	evolved, complex, entwined lettering.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Window-down	a piece or throw- up below the window of the train carriage.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
Writer	a graffiti vandal whose focus is on tags and lettering styles. When talking about participants in graffiti, the word 'writers' is used rather than 'artist' because many of those involved do not see themselves as artists and do not regard what they do as art.	Armstrong, S., 2019. Street art. Art essentials. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	170	Part of the Graffiti Jargon section
All City	As the name implies, this refers to graffiti by a writer or a crew produced over a large geographical area, such as major subway lines. Originally it specifically meant all of the five boroughs of New York. If a writer or crew is so prolific that they are able to produce a large body of work like this, then they are also considered to be Up—a term conferring status.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Angels	Dead graffiti artists are known as angels, and other artists often put a halo over their work or tags; sometimes birth and death dates are attached.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Back in the Day	Not surprisingly, this term refers to a graffitist's early days of producing graffiti. It is also used to mean graffiti practitioners from the old days and is used in hip-hop culture.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Background	When a "canvas" is already covered with tags and graffiti, it is necessary to make a new piece stand out, so a suitable background color needs to be applied first.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Back Jump	A piece of work quickly executed and often not filled in with color." "This type of graffiti is usually found on the sides of trains or other large vehicles.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Back to back	When a whole wall or train car is completely covered with graffiti. It is also used when a series of throw- ups are made in quick succession on one piece of "canvas."	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Battle	This is a competition between individual writers or crews. It may involve skill, where both opponents must cover a wall within a given time and produce a high-quality piece, or it might refer to quantity. To judge the contestants, a third party writer or crew is called in. The prize or punishment is open to negotiation between the parties involved, but often involves a supply of paint (also marijuana), a punch up, or that the loser(s) have a ban put on them from writing graffiti for a specified time.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Beef	An argument or other disagreement between writers or crew.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Bench/Benching	A subway station where writers or crews gather and then watch the graffitied trains pass by.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Bite	Copying someone else's work without permission, particularly in regards to tags or writing style. If someone is found guilty of this, they are accused of "dissing" the artist."	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	213	-
Black Book	Although tags and throw-ups might be spontaneous, there are still many graffiti artists who like to plan out their work in a sketchbook. It is seen as an artist's most precious and secret property, especially where the police are involved, as it can be used to identify the artist.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Block Buster	Large writing, usually square in shape, placed under the windows of a train car. The letters stretch, leaning backwards and forwards, along the whole length of the car. It is often used to cover other graffiti. Blade and Comet both claim to having invented this style.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Bomb/Bombing	The act of writing and painting graffiti that implies prolific activity. Possibly comes from the word "bombard."	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Bubble Letters	Type of lettering that was big in the 1970s.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Buff/buffed	Refers to the removal of graffiti by authorities such as a transit authority. The MTA (Metropolitan Transit Authority) are called The Buff among graffitists in New York City.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Burn	If you "burn" your rivals, it means you have outdone them in quantity of graffiti, but it also means to wear something out.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Burner	A spectacular piece of work.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Burning	Graffiti that is still in existence—has not been removed—is said to still be burning.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Cannons	Originally this term was used in Brooklyn, New York, and is the name for spray cans.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Caps	Spray-can attachments of different sizes to get different widths of spray. These are also called tips. This term is also used when a piece of graffiti has been crossed out or painted over by someone else's work. The term originated from a graffitist nicknamed Cap who was notorious for doing this.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Character	A cartoon character, usually from popular culture rather than invented by the graffitist. Characters are used to enhance a piece of text and are sometimes used in place of a letter in a word. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
China Marker	This is a type of grease-based pencil used in commercial art. They are small but very handy for writing on anything.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Clean Train	Refers to all New York City subway cars. These are hard to paint on and they are not in service when they have graffiti on them.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Cloud	This background style is not very common nowadays but was used a lot in the past on subway cars.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Coal Mine	Subway cars that were taken out of service in the mid-1970s were known as "coal mines." They were a rusty brown color.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Computer Style	As the name suggests, any graffiti that looks computer generated (or digital).	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Crazy	Insane, mad, or wildly enthusiastic, as well as a term used to emphasize size.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Crew	A collective of graffiti artists who often work and hang out together. In some cases, but by no means all, graffiti crew members are also members of an associated gang. Crews usually have a name that is only three letters long. The last letter is very often "K," as this means "Kings" or "Kill."	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	214	-
Crossing Out	When someone paints over or disfigures another graffitist's name.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Cutting Lines	Painting inside the outlines of letters to thin those lines down.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Cutting Tips	A method of altering the nozzle of a spray can to alter the spray effect.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
DEF	This term is considered so out of date that it is an embarrassment to use it today. It comes from a combination of the words "death" and "definite," which, as everyone knows, means "really good." 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Designs	Patterns used in the infill of letters or shapes. They can be stripes, dots, checks, or anything decorative.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
D.G.A.	Stands for "Don’t Get Around.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Ding Dong	The name given to the new, stainless steel subway cars now in use. Before the doors close, a bell sound is made, which gives this term its name. Ding Dongs were designed with graffiti artists in mind. The smooth steel surface repels paint.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
DIS	The first three letters of “disrespect” and refers to an insult. It started as a hip-hop term but has been assimilated into general popular culture.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Dope	Originated out of hip-hop culture to mean “cool.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Down	To be with the group.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Dress up	To completely cover the area surrounding a doorway or window with graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Drips	Deliberately painted, stylized drips on letters. This style began in the early days of New York subway graffiti practice.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Dropsy	A bribe.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
DT	A detective, especially if in plain clothes.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Dubs	This is specific to the United Kingdom and is quickly executed in a metallic paint by a crew. It is normally found on railway walls or in streets.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
End to end	Covering a surface, usually of a subway car, from one end to another.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Etch	Just as in traditional etching, acid is used to eat away at a metal surface to form a design. It has been applied to the sides of train cars in Norway and consequently these cars have to be removed from service in the interests of public health.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Fade	When painting colors are subtly blended.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Fame	The aim of an ambitious writer is fame for the number or quality of work. Fame is not necessarily expected outside the subculture of graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Families	Rows of throw-ups of the same name.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Fan Spray	A nozzle tip on a spray can that makes a fan-shaped mark. It is not good for fine work or writing but is used for filler. These tips are not removable as some others are.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Fanzine	A special interest magazine, such as one about graffiti writing.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Fat	Sometimes refers to the thickness of a line or is a term used to mean “good.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	215	-
Fat Cap	A nozzle that makes a broad mark.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Female Tips	Traditionally, spray cans have what is called a male tip, with the nozzle protruding. The female tips are the opposite and are not good for graffiti painting.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Fill/Fill-In	The solid color inside the outlines of words or picture.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
5-O	Comes from Hawaii Five-O, the popular television series. Refers to the police.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Flats	These were the best types of subway cars to paint, offering a large, flat surface. They are an older type of car.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Flicks	The printed photographs of graffiti. The plural is flix.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Floaters	Throw-ups made on subway cars below the windows.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Fly	An early hip-hop term meaning “cool.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Freights	The cars of freight trains.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Fresh	Another early hip-hop term meaning “cool,” “new,” or “good.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Front	Probably derives from the word “confront.” It is a hip-hop term. If someone fronts you, they are asking for a fight.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Gallery	Galleries are often found in places not easily accessible for cleaning. These are often underpasses or under bridges. The space is large and can accommodate a lot of graffiti and so is able to provide a long-term surface for artists to show their work.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
German Montana	A brand name for a paint specially designed and marketed to graffiti artists.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Getting Up	The term used for making graffiti. It originally referred only to painting graffiti on a train (possibly a moving one), but now means all sorts of graffiti made anywhere.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Getting Over/Going Over	Both terms are used to mean painting over another’s work. Usually this is an insult to the previous writer unless the work has already been vandalized. Certain forms of graffiti rate higher and lower than others. For instance, a tag maybe legitimately painted over by a throw-up or larger work. Less so now, but more common in the early days of graffiti, crossing out was not uncommon with several artists and crew specializing in crossing out (using a red “x”) as many graffiti as they could.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Ghost	The mark left on a wall after graffiti has been removed.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Grease Pencil	Used by commercial artists and is ideal for writing on almost any surface. It is not suitable for large scale work, however.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Griffin	A pigment used in homemade markers, with its name deriving from a type of shoe dye.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Grocery Store Ink	The ink specially used in pricing guns at grocery stores. Homemade pens once used this ink. It was supposed to be a good long-life ink.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Hand Style	The tag or handwriting style of a writer.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Hat	An acronym for “Honor among thieves” and relates to the trustworthiness of a writer.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Head	Hierarchical term for a supreme writer.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	216	-
Head Buff Spot	The area just above where the passenger on a subway sits and where his or her head gently rubs. Graffiti made at this spot will eventually be worn away by the passenger and is therefore not a good place for it.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Heaven/Heaven spots	Places that are difficult to access to either create or remove graffiti. They are often dangerous and people have died in the attempt at writing in such spots and are therefore said to have gone to heaven—hence the name. They also sometimes known as giraffiti, a play on the words“giraffe” and “graffiti” because one needs a long neck to write that high up.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Henry shots	This is a term that applies to a photographic technique for capturing graffiti on a moving train. It was developed by Henry Chalfant and involves setting a fixed-point camera that is set for film advance. The result is a photograph of a single image that is made up of several frames.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Hip Hop	Refers to the culture of the same name that emerged in the 1970s. Early graffiti was strongly linked to it.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Hit/Hit Up	The act of having just executed a piece of writing or tagging.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Hollows	Graffiti, often text, that is made up of outline only.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Homemade	A marker made by the artist using a container such as an old deodorant bottle and filled with an absorbent material (anything from socks to the felt taken from chalkboard erasers) and then filled with ink.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Homemade Ink	Grocery store ink is a favorite ink for the homemade marker, but it can also be made from carbon paper shredded and mixed with alcohol or lighter fluid.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Hot	An inexperienced or incompetent writer	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Icy Grape	The name of a color that was made by Krylon. It is no longer made and old cans of it are eagerly sought after.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Insides	The interiors of subway cars.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Invent	Another out-of-date term, used mainly in the 1970s, to mean shoplifting. “Rack” is the current term for theft.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
IRT	A subway division called Interborough Rapid Transit, whose flat-sided cars made excellent canvases.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Jungle Green	Another discontinued color from Krylon.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Karak	A shortened form of character.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Kill	To set about a major bombing campaign.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
King	To be king is to be top of the range, and the king is looked up to for skill or prolificacy.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	217	-
Knight	A writer who is gaining a steady reputation although his style is still developing and so not considered as good as a king’s.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Krylon	A popular brand of spray paint that was used for much of the graffiti produced in the 1970s and 1980s. It has now fallen from favor because of the changes made to the nozzle and the quality of paint. It sports a distinctive five spot logo and comes in a large range of colors at a very reasonable price. There are three different groups of Krylon paints, as designated by writers:  360 Krylon, triple Krylon (no runs, no drips, no errors label), and original Krylon, which are now considered highly collectable.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Landmark	A piece of graffiti made in a difficult to access location so that removal is almost impossible or simply not feasible. It means that the graffiti will stay there a long time and become a landmark. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Lay-up	The side tracks where trains are put when not in use, often overnight.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Legal	A piece of work that has permission to be made where it is.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Lock on	Refers to a sculptural, non-commissioned, and therefore illegitimate art piece that has been locked to an immovable object, such as a bench or tree.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Mad	Crazy.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Magnum	A brand of non-refillable fat marker.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Marks-a-lot	Product name for a black magic marker that was standard in the early days of graffiti, but is rarely used now as better products have replaced it.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Married Couple	An older term for two subway cars that are permanently coupled together and provide a long canvas.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Massacre	The mass removal of graffiti by authorities leaving nothing in its place but bare wall.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Mean Streak	The name of a type of paint stick produced by the Sanford Corporation. The solvent base is glycol, which makes graffiti made with it very difficult to remove. It is opaque, waterproof, and comes in white, blue, red, and yellow.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Mop	A homemade graffiti marker that is larger than the usual type.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Motion Tagging	Tagging subway cars while they are in service and requiring a quick response time before the car moves off again.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
MTA	Metropolitan Transit Authority of New York City.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Mural	Holds a similar meaning to that of a wall filled with an image or images; in this case, graffiti, although it often has figural elements (they may or may not be characters).	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
New School	The new wave of graffiti artists from the mid-1980s onwards.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Old School	Graffitists from the dim and distant past of the 1970s and early 1880s. These writers are usually highly respected by the younger generation.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
One liner	A piece of writing, often a tag, written in one entire movement without lifting the marker from the surface.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Outline	A sketch made in a book from which a larger piece will be made. It can also refer to the outline drawing made on a wall, which may or may not be filled in later.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	218	-
Pain eater	An unprimed or raw surface that will absorb paint readily, therefore requiring more and thicker paint to cover it.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Painters Touch	A brand name for a readily available product made by Rust-Olem that has a reputation for quality.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Panel Piece	The area between the doors and below the windows of a subway car and the artwork made there.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Paneling	A term, possibly only used in Australia, to mean painting on a railway car while it is temporarily stationary.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Paste up	A piece of work done on paper and then glued to a structure with wheat or wallpaper paste. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Patch	Where graffiti has been painted over with a neutral color, such as brown or gray.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Pawn	If a King is the top stratum of graffiti hierarchy, then the pawn is at the lowest end. A pawn is one who is inexperienced or just plain inefficient at the art.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Penit	This term is only used in Miami and refers to a structure that is not used and therefore ideal for graffiti. If it is a building, graffiti will appear inside and out.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Pichação	A term only used in Brazil to refer to a type of tagging used there.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Piece	A term derived from “masterpiece”that refers to a significant work. To gain this prestigious moniker at least three colors must be used and it must demonstrate skill and imagination. Sometimes pieces use 3-D effects, subtle shading, and other painterly techniques.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Piecebook	An artist’s sketchbook, similar to the black book.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Piece quake	An exaggerated stylization of a writer’s name.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Pilot	A fat, refillable marker.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Production	A large, complex piece of graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Props	Coming from the hip-hop term for a shortened form of proper respect.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
PT	Short for “Painters Touch” brand of paint by Rust-Olem.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Pull-in Pull-out	Trains that are waiting in a lay-up for anywhere between five and fifteen minutes until they are due to move out again. The graffitist has to move quickly to get the work done in this time. Usually only throw-ups are managed. It is also highly dangerous.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Racking/Racking Up	Theft, usually in the form of shoplifting, and often of paint or other graffiti-related equipment. In some groups of graffiti culture, it is seen as essential to the art to use only ill gotten materials for work.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Red Devil	A brand of spray can paint that was very popular with the Old School but is not considered very good nowadays.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Ridgy	A type of subway car that was used in Brooklyn and that was made of corrugated iron that made it difficult to paint on. The only type of graffiti done on this type of surface was the two-color and top-to-bottom throw-ups. Often one of the colors was the hard-to-remove silver.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Roll Call	All the tags or names of a crew involved in a piece of graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Roller	A piece so large that it needs to be executed with a paint roller rather than brushes, spray cans, or markers.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	219	-
Roller Letters	Letters made with a paint roller.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Rook	A crewmember who is entirely trustworthy.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Run	The time a piece of graffiti lasts before it is removed.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Rustoleum/Rusto	A brand of spray paint that was and still is popular; it a higher priced product than most used by graffitists. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Scribe/Scriber/Scratchiti	A piece of graffiti, as well as the tool used to make it, that has been incised into the surface with a key, knife, drill bit, or something similar. It is very hard to remove this kind of graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Scrub	A throw-up done in two colors that is filled in using a side-to-side movement (like quick coloring in).	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
SG-7	Sakura make this very large marker that can be refilled, although it is not designed to do so. It is not as large as Sakura’s Pentouch model, which has a mixing ball inside it.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Slam	To execute a piece of graffiti in a very dangerous spot or where it is in a very obvious position. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Slash	Another term for crossing out or painting over someone else’s graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Shoe Dye	A popular paint for making graffiti. It can be bought in a bottle with a sponge on top that soaks up the dye and deposits it when pressed to the surface being marked.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Slants	These are a type of subway car with a slanted side.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Soak up	Looking at other graffiti for inspiration.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Spanish Montana	A company producing paint specifically for graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Stainer	A marker with a 12- to 20-mm tip used for marking. They are illegal to carry on your person without a good reason in certain countries.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Steel	A term applied to any railway car as opposed to a piece of architecture such as a wall.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Stickers	A pre-tagged label or sticker that can be quickly slapped onto a surface.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Straight Letters	A simple type of lettering using straight lines that is easily read.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Sucker Tips	Spray cans come with a factory-produced stock tip and they are not usually good for making graffiti so are replaced with more suitable tips by the artists. A sucker tip is so called because only a sucker would try to use this tip for doing graffiti. Old School writers had no choice and are excluded from being termed a sucker.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
The System	The New York subway system.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Style Wars	A competition between artists.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Tag	A stylized form of the writer’s name, similar to a signature.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Tagger	A graffitist who only produces tags and no other type of work.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Tagging Up	The act of writing a tag.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Third Rail	This refers to the third, electrified rail on the railway system. It supplies the power to the trains and will electrocute you if you touch it.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
3-D	Three-dimensional-type lettering.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	220	-
Throwie	A more modern term for a throw-up.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Throw-Up	This is usually an outline-only piece that may be done in one or two colors and must be made very quickly. Sometimes it is used to refer to bubble letters.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Top-to-bottom	A subway car or wall that has been covered completely from top to bottom by one writer or crew.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Toy	This is not a nice term and is applied to inexperienced or incompetent writers. It is thought to stand for “trouble on your system.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Ultra Flat	A matte paint often used by taggers for its easier application properties compared to gloss paint.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Ultra wide	A very wide, refillable marker.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Undersides	Graffiti made underneath the subway cars.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Up	A graffitist whose work is well known or appears in many locations. It is a positive term.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Ups	A way to talk about other people’s work referring to pieces as “ups.”	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Wall Paper	By repeating a name many times on a wall, it will begin to look like a pattern similar to wallpaper.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Wack/wak	Comes from the term “out of whack” and is applied to poor standard graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Wet Look	The brand name of a discontinued paint.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
White Trains	The color of subway cars running in the early 1980s. They were a graffitist’s dream car. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Whole Car	A work of graffiti covering the entire car.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Whole Train	As the name implies, this means the covering of a complete train with graffiti.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Wild Style	This term has three distinct meanings. The first is an intricate piece of writing featuring interlocking letters. The second is a reference to a Bronx crew working in the 1970s. The third is a film by Charlie Ahearn about hip-hop culture. 	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Window Down	Graffiti appearing below the window on a subway car.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Wood block	A piece of graffiti done on a separate piece of wood, such as plywood, and then attached to a street sign or similar.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Work Bum	A track maintenance worker for the New York City Transit Authority.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Writer	A graffitist who does writing only.	McDonald, F., 2013. The popular history of graffiti: From the ancient world to the present. Skyhorse Publishing, New York, viii, 232.	English	221	-
Bombing	Unterform des Writings, bei dem es mehr auf die Menge der Bilder als auf deren Qualität ankommt.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Character	Figur.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Dissen	Sich abfällig über jemanden äußern.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Fill In	Ausgestaltung eines Buchstabens innerhalb der Outline.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Going Over	Übermalung eines Pieces durch einen anderen Sprüher.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Grille	Schablone.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Hall of Fame	Früher: Malfläche, an der nur die besten Sprayer tätig werden durften. Heute: Malfläche, bei der das Malen nicht strafverfolgt wird.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
King	Besonders guter Sprüher.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Oldschooler	Sprüher, der schon lange Graffitis macht.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Outline	Umrißlinie eines Buchsraben oder Figur beim Graffiti.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Panel	Schriftbild auf einem Zug, das die Fenster weitgehend ausspart.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Piece	Großes, mehrfarbiges Graffiti.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Pochoir	SchabIonengraffiti.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Pochoirist	Schablonensprüher.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Rooftop	Graffiti an einem Dachgiebel.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Silberbild	Schriftbild, dessen Buchstaben mir Silber ausgefüllt ist. Die Outline ist meist rot oder schwarz.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Tag	Einfaches Signaturengraffiti.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Throw-Up	Schriftgraffiti, deren Buchstaben aus einer Umrißlinie bestehen, die einfarbig grob ausgefüllt ist.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Toy	Anfänger oder Sprayer ohne Talent.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Trainbombing	Besprühen von Zügen.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Wholecar	Ganzseitig bemalter Zug.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Writer	Sprüher, der Schriftbilder sprüht.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Writing	Stilrichtung des Graffiti, bei dem Buchstabengestaltung im Vordergrund steht.	van Treeck, B., Nungesser, H.M., Kuzdas, H., Schmundt, H., 1999. Street-art Berlin: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 288 pp.	German	275	-
Adbusting	Or Subvertising is the practice of altering and making satirical interventions on public, corporate or political advertisements. It’s marked by humor, satire and often sharp criticism of certain societal issues, most often consumerism.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
All-city	Gaining this label means to become a famous graffiti writer in the entire city. The term originates from New York, and it used to mean – to be known in all the five boroughs, while this “fame” was spread by the subway.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Angel(s)	A famed and well respected graffiti artist who is no longer alive. Admirers and followers would make tribute portraits of “Angels” or they would tag their names with hovering halos above, adding the dates of their birth and death.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Back to back or end to end	Huge graffiti piece that covers a wall from one end to the other, similar to pieces found on the western side of the Berlin Wall. On a subway train, it refers to a piece that covers the entire train, end to end. Abbreviation – B2B or E2E. Usually painted below the windows of a car, they are sometimes called window-downs.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Bite	To steal someone’s art, ideas, names, tags, letter styles or palette. Often a term related to “toys” (see below).	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Black book	A sketchbook of a graffiti artist, a treasured possession. Usually, it’s filled with sketches of new pieces or other writers’ tags, containing the entirety of an artist’s body of work. A document of illegal works, a black book is carefully hidden away from authorities, so it doesn’t become evidence against its author.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Buff	To erase, paint over in one dull color, or otherwise remove graffiti, often with chemicals and pressure guns with sand or water.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Burn	To burn can mean either to make a better piece than a rival artist, or to snitch on someone (on purpose or accidentally). A burner piece is a complicated work that takes a lot of time and effort, a style statement, often legal.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Cannons	Spray cans. Term that probably originates in Brooklyn, NY.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Cap	Or Tips – is the nozzle for the spray paint can. Different types of aerosol caps are used to get different effects or styles, from Thins, Rustos, to Fatcap.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Crew	Also spelled as Cru or Krew, is a group of writers that work together, usually in a similar style. Although crew activity does reflect gang behavior, their prime objective is graffiti and not serious criminal. Crews often engage in large collaborative pieces, but a crew piece can also be executed by anyone in a group. If a single member is arrested, he can be held liable for a joint work.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Culture jamming	The act of subverting media culture and mainstream cultural marketing according to the principles of anti-consumerist social movements. A form of subvertising or adbusting, usually with a distinctively political purpose.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Deface / Cap / Go over	To ruin another artist’s piece. A writer named “Cap” would rudely make throw ups over existing graffiti, giving a name to this infamous practice. Going over a piece is the ultimate sign of disrespect and represents a declaration of graffiti war. Still, there is a hierarchy of styles in which case going over can be tolerated. Usually, it means that low quality work is OK to be painted over with something better. The other way around is generally unacceptable.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Dress-up	To paint over a specific enclosed are entirely – to completely change a shop window or a doorway that has previously been graffiti-free.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Fatcap	A wide spray can nozzle, that covers a wide area at once, used to fill in the pieces.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
German Montana	A brand specializing in graffiti-related products, such as spray cans etc. Not related to Spanish Montana, a company that came up with the idea first. The two companies had a dispute over the name.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Ghost	A paint stain that is left after a graffiti work has been badly buffed.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Hat (honor among thieves)	For an artist with a solid reputation in the graffiti community, a trusted member who does not snitch, is said that he’s wearing a “hat”.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Head / King	Head is a highly respected writer in a certain area, similar to King or Queen. Kings or Queens are graffiti artists that are famous among other writers for their skill, style or courage. Self-proclaimed kings often paint crowns into their work, but this practice is risky because their claim must be valid in the eyes of the others. Usually, kings or queens are declared by other kings or queens.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Heaven spot (Heavens)	Challenging pieces of graffiti painted in places that are almost impossible to reach and require a significant level of acrobatics. Painting in heaven spots can lead to injury or death (they can ‘hit up heavens’), which only contributes to the reputation of the writer. Furthermore, heavens are also rather difficult to remove.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Hip-hop	Late 70s and early 70s culture marked by early rap music, breakdancing and visual style that gave birth to the graffiti culture.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Invisible	A rare and symbolic form of graffiti that represents only quickly sketched logos.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Krylon	A brand of spray paint, once popular with writers, heavily used in the 70s and 80s. A sign of graffiti nostalgia, known for its 5-spot logo. Despite a new line of paint issued in 2008, it’s considered that only a toy would use a 360 krylon, the cheapest variation of the spray can. The first line of paint, “original krylon”, is considered a collectors’ item.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Landmark	A graffiti piece executed in a location that is hard to reach or hidden, difficult to buff, generally in place for at least 5 years. Usually marked with a date of painting. These works are held in high regard by the writers.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Legal wall	A piece that is made legalley, with permission from the wall owner or the authorities. Only a testified illegal writers can get respect for legal walls.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Lock on	Sculpture in public spaces, generally locked or chained to public fittings such as light posts and similar. It’s non-destructive, installation-type of art.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Married couple	A vintage subway term originating from New York, signifying two subway cars that are permanently tied to each other. In graffiti, it means two whole cars painted next to each other, sometimes with a painting being connected across the gap – a sign of the “marriage”.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Moniker	A street name of an artist, their nickname and label.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Pichação	Celebrated style of graffiti created in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Created by the misfits as a form of social protest, these works bear considerable risk, being painted in hard-to-reach places. More popular for its meaning than for its stylistic qualities.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Post-graffiti	A generic, recent term that includes everything that could be seen as Street Art.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Rooftop	Heaven graffiti painted on rooftops.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Rook	A trustworthy crew member.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Run	Time that a graffiti piece spends on a surface without being removed, duration of a piece. “It run for a year” can be said.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Slam	To do graffiti in a very public or otherwise risky location.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Slash	To cross-out or to tag over a piece of another writer. A serious insult – same as Cap.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Spanish Montana	A brand specializing in graffiti-related products, such as spray cans etc. Not related to German Montana, a company of the same name that followed the steps of Spanish Montana. The two companies had a dispute over the name.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Toy	A word describing either poor work or a painter without skill, sometimes a newbie. “To toy” someone else’s graffiti means to go over it. An acronym meaning “tag over your shit”, often placed on top of bad, or “toy” work.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Tree	Graffiti that is chiseled into a tree bark.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Undersides	Graffiti painted on the underside of a subway or train car. Often lasts longer than the usual train tag, because it’s spotted later and not as visible.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Whole car/ whole train	A large graffiti piece executed by one or multiple writers that covers the entire outside surface of a train car. Whole train graffiti covers the entirety of a train. Difficult to paint, these works are more often collaborative, done in limited amounts of time (often under 5 minutes) with limited color schemes. If successful, this is one of the most respected graffiti forms out there.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
Writer	A graffiti artist.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Cultural Terms
3D Style	An effect used on basic graffiti letters to add an illusion of a third dimension. The first artist who started embellishing letters in this way is Phase 2. In graffiti culture, 3D refers to letter writing, but there is another version of 3D painting on pavement that is very popular called Chalk art. Chalk art and 3D graffiti are very different in both concept and aesthetics and they are not to be mixed.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Abstract Style	Letters are generally not a part of the Abstract style, but the painterly skill and harmony an artist demonstrates in a piece. The goal is similar to abstract painting – to make a harmonious piece with specific dynamics and balance by the use of basic artistic elements – line, shape, geometry, color and composition.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Anti-Style / Ugly Style	Also known as “ghetto style” or “ignorant style”. A deliberately toy or seemingly unskilled style of writing and painting. It stems from the 70s graffiti culture in New York, but it spread gaining popularity in the 80s and early 90s in San Francisco. Anti-style does not follow any rules and is highly individualized, but often visually awkward. We can see examples of this type of painting in San Francisco, New York, Paris, Berlin and other bigger cities in Europe.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Backjump	A throw-up or a panel piece that is executed quickly, often on a momentarily parked train or bus.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Blockbuster Style	Blockbuster or “straight” letters are big, square, robust and simple. More readable than most graffiti, they are usually painted in two colors, often combinations of plain black, white and silver. Used to go over other work, or to cover train sides more easily, blockbusters are good for supreme coverage.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Bombing	An act of painting many different walls inside one city area or train within a very short timeframe. To “hit”. Graffiti bombers are prone to using simpler styles, tags or throw-ups, because speed is an important factor. It can also mean – to go out writing.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Bubble Style	An old, a bit dated graffiti style of simple, rounded, bubble-shaped letters, generally easy to read. Throw-ups are often painted in this style, because it’s easy and quick to execute.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Cartoon / Character	A widely recognized cartoon or a character figure often borrowed from comics, popular culture or TV. Writers dedicated to cartoons often invent their own characters and imagery. Cartoon graffiti adds humor to a piece, easily adapted to the most of the lettering styles.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Challenge (Insides)	Challenge graffiti is made to mark that somebody “was there”. Just like insides, it’s often painted indoors. Insides are a more specific reference to tags written inside public transportation vehicles – trains, busses etc.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Complex Style	A generic term for graffiti that uses complicated lettering, an abundance of color and that is hard to execute. These works are difficult to read, but they are visually impressive.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Dubs (UK)	Graffiti executed in silver or chrome paint, originating from London, UK. They can be found around railway stations or in the streets. Dubs are usually a crew effort.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Free Style	A combination of styles without one defining characteristic. An individual expression.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Full Monty	A piece that covers an entire area, wall or object. It can contain a coarse, but a highly effective message.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Mop	A homemade graffiti painting tool. Usually used to paint larger tags. It has a rounded tip and leaves a fat line that drips. Mops can be done in different paints.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Mural	A wall painting applied on either outside or an inside surface, or a ceiling. In street art, it refers to a large, elaborate wall piece that requires significant skill to paint. Unlike graffiti, murals normally respect the architecture of the wall and the building, sometimes even the surroundings. They are often legal.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Old School	A generic term that refers to the times of early graffiti, to the 70s and early 80s. It can relate to the hip-hop music of that period as well. Old-school writers enjoy a lot of respect because they were there from the beginning, many of them having invented particular styles of writing. For example, Phase 2 created bubbles, clouds and 3D, and Blade and Comet started using blockbusters first.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Own Style	A style characteristic for one specific writer.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Piece (free-hand)	Short for “masterpiece”, painted free-hand. A big and complex piece of wall painting that is time-consuming and difficult to execute. It’s characterised by many different components, such as rich palette, 3D elements, and other visual marks. A work of a more experienced writer, earning them extra respect.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Punition	A type of graffiti writing in which one word is repeated countless times, until it covers an entire surface. The name comes from the punition lines used to punish children at school.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Roller graffiti	Graffiti that is painted with a roller and paint, rather than with a spray can. There are special techniques related to this type of writing.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Semi-Wildstyle	A simpler form of Wildstyle, more discernible than the full-on wildstyle writing.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Sharp	A manner of writing very geometric, angular letters with lost of sharp angles and corners, taking the pointy and piercing elements to an extreme. Letters are altered greatly,often unrecognizable, giving off a fierce and furious impression.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Tag	A signature of a writer, very stylized, written quickly, usually in one color that contrasts the background. Denotes the artist’s moniker. The simplest and the most common type of graffiti. Used as a verb, “to tag” means “to sign”, which derives from a classical practice of artists signing their works.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Tagging	To write tags. An accepted term in today’s pop culture, often meaning something other than graffiti writing. After it first appeared in Philadelphia with messages Bobby Beck was leaving around city’s freeways, tagging has evolved in many different ways. Different manners of tagging can be found in different cities, often depending on the region and local culture, and naturally, the artist himself. New York tag writer of the early 70s, TAKI 183 is considered one of the forefathers of graffiti and tagging in general.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Throw-up	Sometimes called a “throwie” is a simple form of graffiti, sitting between a tag and a bomb. It’s usually painted with a simple letter outline and then filled with color. Hollow throw-ups are called “Hollows”, while painted are known as “Fill-ins”. Throw-ups are often made in bubble or blockbuster style that support quick execution. Artists would use throw-ups and tags to cover as many surfaces as possible, competing with their rivals. These graffiti works are stylistically defined and recognizable, unlike pieces that are more liberated and painterly. Along with a tag, a throw-up is an artist’s logo.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Wildstyle	Very complex and highly stylized form of lettering that is often impossible to read by non-writers. The letters can get so complicated, borderline abstract, containing 3D elements, with a lot of connections, arrows, and interlocking. Generally, wildstyle is seen as one of the most demanding graffiti writing styles, reserved only for those with serious skill.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Styles
Domming	A spray-painting color mixing technique where one color is sprayed over another wet layer and the two nuances are then rubbed together. An abrasive tool, such as sand or sandpaper, can be used to create effects in domming. The term derives from the word “condom”, synonymous to “rubber”. Sometimes referred to as “fingering”, because it’s executed with fingers.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Etching	In graffiti, it refers to the use of acid solutions to create frosted glass (Etch Bath), to write on windows. Potentially hazardous. In Norway, there were trains taken off the rails because of the danger these solutions posed for public health.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Extinguisher bombing	To do graffiti with a fire extinguisher filled with paint. This technique can cover large surfaces, but it leaves a fat, messy, dripping line and it’s not suitable for fine work.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Fading	An aerosol color blending technique.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Fill-ins	A term denoting the painted interior of letters, throw-ups or pieces, usually in a single, solid color.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Installation	An art genre of three-dimensional, site-specific works that are usually created having that particular locale in mind. They can be executed in the interior or in the exterior. Exterior installations fall into the domain of public art, land art, public interventions or street art, although these art forms often overlap.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Outlining	Making a sketch or a preparatory drawing, done on paper or in a black book while planning a piece. An outline can also refer to a wall sketch, or to the contour of a throw-up or similar graffiti work, a boundary that can be filled.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Poster	A paper-based work created in the studio that can be wheat-pasted onto a wall. Following a long and rich history of poster art, graffiti culture has taken this easy and effective public expression tool and transformed it into one of the most favored paste-up formats.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Scriber	A scribing or scratching tool. An instrument tipped with a ceramic or a diamond drill bit, used to engrave a tag into a surface, usually inside a public vehicle. A destructive tool.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Scribing / Scratching	Also known as “scratchitti”, scribing is a destructive technique of hand-engraving or scratching a tag into a surface. It can be done using a simple key, knife or sand paper, although scribing pros use a Scriber.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Stencil	One of the most popular form of street art. Stencil pieces are made with stencils made out of cardboard, paper and other materials that help create a nice, figurative image quickly and well. The pre-prepared design is cut out and then transferred onto a wall with a spray or roll-on paint. Easily repeated on different walls. Multiple layers of stencils can create very beautiful and elaborate images, allowing the use of a lot of colors and details.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Sticker	Stickers are used to bomb, slap or tag a surface or an area without writing. Graffiti stickers are usually designed and printed well ahead, containing traits of an artist’s style as well as his message. Sticker messages often contain political or social critique, referring to a specific issue. Many brands produce their own stickers.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Wheatpasting / Paste-up	Wheat paste or flour paste is an adhesive made of flour or starch and water. It’s used to glue paper-based images to a wall, giving a name to a street art technique. Many artists who create their paper-based works in the studio engage in wheatpasting when they distribute their pieces around an area. These works can be simple or complex, depending on an individual artist. Works made and installed this way are called paste-ups. The technique is quick and easy to execute in the street, although each piece can take a lot of time to invent and prepare in the studio, showing the artistic mastery of its author.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
Yarn bombing	A recent type of street art activity that makes use of crocheted or knitted colorful yarn coverings, thrown on different parts of public furniture such as sculptures, fences, light posts, monuments etc. It’s also known as guerrilla knitting, urban knitting, or yarn storming.	Durget, M. (2018). Street Art and Graffiti Words - The Ultimate Glossary. https://berlinstreetart.com/graffiti-words/	English	Online	Part of Techniques
all city	What a writer is considered to be when he/she is "up", but this term implies more status than being just "up". Many people can be "up", but only a select few could be considered "all city". Can also refer to a crew instead of just one writer.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
back in the day	Refers to the "old days", old school, or when a writer first started writing. Also a hip-hop/rap term.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
background	Originated on the subways out of neccessity. Backgrounds were used to make the piece stand out from all the tags and assorted scribbling on a subway car that make the piece hard to discern; the color or design painted behind the piece to make it stand out from the wall or train.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
back to back	A wall that is pieced from end to end all the way across. Also can refer to throwups that are one after another.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
battle	This is done when two writers or two crews have some sort of disagreement. The battle can take two forms	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
bite	To copy another writer's style. This is considered a no-no and is looked down upon, even though writers often borrow imagery from cartoons and comics.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
blockbuster	Big, square letters, often tilted back and forth and in (usually) two colors. Mainly invented to cover over other people and to paint whole trains easily, but they are effective on smaller walls for maximum coverage. Blade and Comet claim to have invented these.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
BMT	Train line in NY that had only ridgys and ding-dongs (except for the As and Cs.)	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
bomb	Prolific painting or marking with ink. To cover an area with your tag, throwups, etc.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
bombing	To go out writing.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
bubble letters	A type of graffiti letters, usually considered to be an older (and sometimes outmoded) style. Often used for throwup letters because of their rounded shape, which allows for quick formation. Phase2 originally created this style.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
buff	Any means employed by the transit authority to remove graffiti from trains. The more modern usage is when any graffiti is gone over or removed from any surface, not necessarily just from trains.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
to buff, buffed	to erase, erased.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
burn	To beat the competition with your style. Also refers to a really good piece, as in one that "burns".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
burner	Originally a well-done wildstyle window-down whole car, a burner is a very good piece. Obviously, the reference to a window-down car is not applicable for pieces that are not on trains. A burner is any piece that has good bright colors, good style (often in wildstyle) and seems to "burn" off of the wall.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
cap, fat or skinny (tips)	Interchangable spray-can nozzles fitted to the can to vary the width of spray. These are usually racked off of commercial products, such as K-Mart's Bug and Tar, various cleaning products or starches. Many stores and graffiti fanzines sell caps nowadays. Also referred to as "tips" (as in "flare tips" and "thin tips".) The really big fat caps are sometimes called "softballs" because of the wide and soft-looking spray they produce. Tips are sometimes referred to by a certain number of fingers, corresponding to the width of the spray (for example, a "four-finger spray" would be about as wide as your hand. The number on the front of a tip is the catalog number for that model.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
character	A cartoon figure (usually, but not necessarily) taken from comic books, TV or popular culture to add humor or emphasis to a piece. In some pieces, the character takes the place of a letter in the word.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
china marker	A type of grease pencil used by artists to mark up contact sheets of photos or the photos themselves for cropping. They come in red and blue, and were adopted by writers for tagging because of the grease base. China markers are not very big, only as big as a crayon, but will write on almost anything.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
cloud	Stylistic form applied to pieces. The use of clouds is not as freqent now as it was in the early days of subway car painting. See "background".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
computer style	A certain style of wildstyle that looks digital or bitmapped, as if it came out of a computer.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
crazy	It means crazy in the dictionary definition but can also mean "really" as in "crazy big".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
crew	A loosely organized group of writers who also tag the crew initials along with their name. Crew names are usually three letters, many times ending with "K", which stands for "kings" or "kills" in most cases. Some crew names are just two letters, some are four, it all depends.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
CTA	Chicago Transit Authority.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
cutting tips	A way to cut standard tips, thus modifying them into fat caps or flare tips.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
cutting lines	A painting technique used on inside fills of letters and characters to get thin lines, thinner than thin tips.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
dis	To insult. Comes from "disrespect". Originally it was just a hip-hop/rap term but has found its way into the culture at large. Hey, even my mom says it! See "front".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
def	Really good, (derived from "death"). In its day it had as much use in the hip-hop scene as in the graffiti scene. Not in use as much anymore, in some circles its use is considered downright cheesy. I'm all for bringing it back.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
ding-dong	Relatively new stainless type of subway car, so named for the bell that rings just before the doors close. Ding-dongs were preferred because they were so flat. They were a quick buff so no one did any full-scale pieces on ding-dongs.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
dope	Originally a rap/hip-hop term that means "cool".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
down	To be in with, part of the group or action (as in "he's down with us"). Part of your connection, if you are down with someone.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
drips	Stylized drips drawn onto letters to add effect. Although inept paint application causing unintentional drips is considered the mark of a toy and is wack, stylized drips drawn on letters are acceptable. This style originated early on in New York subway graffiti.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fade	To blend/blended colors.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fame	What a writer gets when he/she is constantly and consistently getting up. One of the goals of writers is to have fame within the subculture of writers, and some, like Chaka, aim to have fame (or at least be recognized) outside of the subculture.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fanzine	A fan magazine devoted to a narrow interest. Often shortened to "zine" In the graff scene, fanzines would obviously be devoted to writing, featuring photos of pieces, etc. The first graffiti fanzine was "International Graffiti Times" started by Phase 2. Nowadays there are many fanzines such as Can Control, Skills, Crazy Kings, and many others.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fan spray	A newer type of stock tip on spraypaint cans (used to be only on cheaper brands but almost every company, including Krylon, now sport these on at least one line of their paint) which sprays in a fan pattern that can be adjusted from vertical to horizontal, but is useless for tagging because it looks wack. May be used for fills but the cheezy tips prevent any kind of detailed can control. The tip is not removable for insertion of fat caps.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fat	Can refer to something being thick, as a "fat line", or can be a general term of good, like "yo, that's fat!" Often spelled "phat".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
female tips	A new type of tip that is called "female" because the can has a "male" counterpart. Traditional cans are vice versa. These female tipped cans are no good for writers, except maybe for fills, but even that's questionable.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fill	The solid interior color of letters on a piece or throwup.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
flat	Older slab-sided type of subway car; the most suitable surface for painting. This term refers mainly to subways, although it could refer to certain types of freight cars as well.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
flicks	Prints of photos of graffiti. Also "flick" (singular) and "flix" (plural).	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fly	Cool, same as "fresh". Early hip-hop term.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
fresh	New, cool, good. An early hip-hop term.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
to front	To hassle someone, to want to fight. For example, "You frontin' on me?" Also a hip-hop/rap term. Probably comes from "confront".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
getting up	Originally, "getting up" meant to sucessfully hit a train. Now it means to hit up anything, anywhere, with any form of graffiti, from a tag all the way up to a wildstyle burner -- although the term implies the process of tagging repeatedly to spread your name. Tagging something once would be getting up, but would not make you an "up" writer.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
going over	One writer covering another writer's name with his/her own. Also known as "X-ing out" or "crossing out". "Crossing out" is usually just that, painting an X over another writers tag or piece. In the early days of New York graffiti, Cap was the master of doing black and white throwups to go over people. There was even a crew called TCO (the cross outs), whose main goal was to cross everyone out. See also "blockbuster letters".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
grease pencil	See "china marker".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
griffin	A type of shoe dye used in homemade markers.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
grocery store ink	A kind of purple ink used by grocery stores in their marking guns. Writers took this ink to put in their homemades and refillable markers. Writers from back in the day swear by it because of its permanence.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
hip hop	The culture in the late 70s and early 80s that spawned the graffiti culture as we know it now, breakdancing and hip-hop music, which has since turned into modern rap music.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
hit	To tag up any surface with paint or ink.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
hit up	When something is covered with tags.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
homemade	A type of homemade marker made out of old deodorant containers stuffed with socks or felt chalkboard erasers and filled with ink. Homemades have been made out of many things, including (most commonly) various deodorant containers all the way up to VHS videotapes. (!) Homemades have also been called "mean streaks," although this has no relation to the paint stick made by Sanford corporation.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
homemade ink	A kind of homemade ink made for your homemade marker. The basic recipe involves shredding carbon paper and mixing it with alcohol and/or lighter fluid. Said to be almost as good as grocery store ink.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
icy grape	An old, discontinued Krylon color that is prized by writers when the odd can turns up.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
insides	Originally referred to tagging the insides of subway trains. Now refers to the insides of any mass transit vehicle. For example, "He's the king of insides" would mean he's really up on the insides.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
IRT	A train line in NY that had many burners because its cars were all flats.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
jungle green	Another old, now discontinued Krylon color that writers go crazy over.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
karak	Same as "character".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
kill	To hit or bomb excessively. To really get up in a major way.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
king	The best with the most. Some people refer to different writers as kings of different areas. King of throwups, king of style, king of a certain line, etc.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
krylon	A brand of spraypaint, easily recognized by the distinctive 5-spot logo. Most favored by writers because of its large color selection and cheap price.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
layup	Side tracks where trains are parked overnight and on weekends. Initally used to refer to subway layups, but now can refer to freight-train layups.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
mad	Crazy, lots.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
magnum	A type of fat marker used by writers, not refillable.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
marks-a-lot	Standard black magic marker with a tip about a quarter-inch wide. Had its place in the early days of writing (early to mid 70s) but has been discarded in favor of bigger, better markers and spraypaint.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
married couple	Two cars permanently attached, identified by their consecutive numbers. This is an older subway term from New York.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
mean streak	A type of paint stick made by the Sanford corporation. Writers like it because it is opaque, waterproof, and is generally a bitch to buff because the base solvent is ethyl glycol. Comes in white, blue, red and yellow. I've never seen black or green.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
MTA	Metropolitan Transit Authority. (NYC)	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
mural	A large-scale type of piecing, done top to bottom on a wall; usually a large production involving one or two pieces and usually some form of characters.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
old school	General term used to refer to the early days of writing, more specifically, the mid 70s to '82 or '83. Also may refer to hip-hop music of this period. Old-school writers are given respect for being there when it all started, and specific writers are remembered for creating specific styles. For example, Blade and Comet created blockbusters, Phase 2 created bubble letters, clouds, Skeme's "S", and so on.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
outline	The drawing done in a piecebook in preparation for doing the actual piece. Also called a sketch. Can also refer to the outline put on the wall and then filled, or the final outline done around the piece to finish it.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
panel piece	A painting below the windows and between the doors of a subway car.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
piece	A graffiti painting, short for masterpiece. It's generally agreed that a painting must have at least three colors to be considered a piece.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
to piece	To paint graffiti, creating a piece, not just go out tagging.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
piecebook	A writer's sketchbook where outlines and ideas to be executed are kept and worked out. Also referred to as a "black book" or a "writer's bible".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
pilot	A type of fat marker. Prized because it writes wider than a Marks-A-Lot and is made to be refilled.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
props	Respect, comes from "proper respect". From hip-hop/rap.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
rack	To steal, usually paints or markers. In the past, most writers stole all materials used for painting. Due to paint lockups in California and other areas, this is no longer possible, so most paint is now bought.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
ridgy	Subway car with corrugated, stainless steel sides, unsuitable for graffiti. Writers did mainly two-color throwups and some top-to-bottom throwups (one color and silver because silver was hard to buff) on these types of cars. Ridgys ran in Brooklyn.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
roll call	Tagging everyone's name in a crew, or the list of people who helped create it to the side of the piece. Not done very often - tagbangers seem to like doing this.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
red devil	A favorite brand of spraypaint that was quite popular back in the day, but now has wack fan spray for tips.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
rustoleum	A brand of spraypaint, generally more expensive than Krylon.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
scriber	A tagging instrument, usually made out of a diamond drillbit, used to physically engrave one's name on buses and mass transit vehicles. Considered by some writers to be more destructive than is needed. Sandpaper is sometimes used to tag buses in the same manner--it too is considered mass destruction.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
scrub	A certain type of throwup (usually two colors) that is filled very quickly with back-and-forth lines, rather than filled in solid.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
SG-7	A type of big marker made by Sakura which is a little bigger than a Pilot, and it too is easily refillable, although it does not state that on the outside. Sakura makes a model the same size called "Pentouch" which is a huge paint marker, complete with a mixing ball inside of it.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
shoe dye	Shoe dye kits are used sometimes for tagging, especially those that consist of a bottle with a brush/sponge device attached. They usually come in black and white. See "Griffin".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
stickers	A form of tagging, most commonly saying "Hello, my name is". Can be anything from computer-generated, clear, generic blank stickers that have the writer's name on them to elaborate stickers with little pieces and characters. Some writers consider stickers to be for people who are "afraid" to use markers/paint, while other writers use a combination of stickers with markers and paint.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
sucker tips	The stock tip that comes with a can of spraypaint. So named because only suckers would piece or tag with said tip. That said, lots of old school kings used nothing but stock tips back in the day.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
tag	The most basic form of graffiti, a writer's signature with marker or spray paint. It is the writer's logo, his/her stylized personal signature. If a tag is long it is sometimes abbreviated to the first two letters or the first and last letter of the tag. Also may be ended with the suffixes "one", "ski", "rock", "em" and "er".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
tagging up	The act of writing a signature with marker or spraypaint.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
tagger	As opposed to "writer"; this term is usually used to refer to those who only do tags and throwups and who never piece. Some taggers seem to like more destructive methods such as scribers and sandpaper in addition to markers and paint. Some taggers do get interested in piecing, some don't. Taggers who never piece are sometimes called "scribblers" by more experienced, piecing writers.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
third rail	On New York subway lines, this is the extra rail that supplies the power for the trains. If you touch the 3rd rail, you will most likely die.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
3D	A three-dimensional style of letters, used for added effect on basic letters, sometimes applied to wildstyle for an extra level of complexity. This style was invented by Phase 2.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
throwup	Over time, this term has been applied to many different types of graffiti. Subway art says it is "a name painted quickly with one layer of spray paint and an outline", although some consider a throwup to be bubble letters of any sort, not necessarily filled. Throwups can be from one or two letters to a whole word or a whole roll call of names. Often times throwups incorporate an exclamation mark after the word or letter. Throwups are generally only one or two colors, no more. Throwups are either quickly done bubble letters or very simple pieces using only two colors.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
top to bottom	A piece that extends from the top of the car to the bottom, completely covering it. Can also refer to a wall or building that has been pieced from top to bottom. The first top-to-bottom car was done in 1975 by Hondo. Dead Leg did the first top to bottom with a cloud. Others who started rocking the style, and were known for the "T2B's" were Lee, Chain, the Fab5, and later, Newave crew.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
toy	An inexperienced or incompetent writer. Someone whose writing is either wack, who uses sucker tips, or whose style is just plain cheesy. One old definition of "TOYS" is that it stands for "trouble on your system".	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
ultra-wide	A type of marker that is extra wide (about an inch and a half), intended for making posters, etc. It too is easily refillable. Often called "Uni-Wide", which is a brand name.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
up	Describes a writer whose work appears regularly everywhere and who is currently writing.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
ups	Refers to people's tags, for example, "So and so's crew has mad ups on main street"	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
ultra-flat	A paint preferred by taggers because it sticks to things better than glossy paints.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
wack	Substandard or incorrect (derived from "out of whack"). Anything that looks cheesy or weak. Badly formed letters, incompetent fills, dumb tags, etc.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
wet look	No, it's not Jheri Curl, it's an old-school brand of spraypaint. No longer in production to my knowledge.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
wildstyle	A complicated construction of interlocking letters. A hard style that consists of lots of arrows and connections. Wildstyle is considered one of the hardest styles to master and pieces done in wildstyle are often completely undecipherable to non-writers.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
window down	A piece done below the windows of a subway car.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
white trains	In '83 they started running the white trains on the 6's. Writers loved these cars because they were like canvas all primed and ready to paint.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
whole car	Obviously a piece covering a whole car. See "top to bottom". This one's by Futura 2000.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
whole train	The masterful feat of covering a whole train with pieces. Two whole trains were done in 1976 by Caine I and two more were done by The Fabulous Five soon after.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
writer	Practitioner of the art of graffiti.	Timmreck, C., Schmoo, RaskeL, Celtic, & Eros. (2015). The Words: A Graffiti Glossary. Art Crimes. https://www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html	English	Online	-
all-city	When a writer or crew bombs all major subway lines or the streets of all five boroughs.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
beef	Disagreement or conflict.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
bench	(n) Subway station where writers congregate and watch trains. Benching (v) The act of watching trains.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
bite	Plagiarism	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
block buster	Wide lettered piece stretching from end to end done below window level on subway car.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
BMT	NYC subway division called Brooklyn Manhattan Transit company. Includes J, L, M, N, Q, R, Z subway lines.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
bomb	Prolific writing	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
buff	Removal of writing/art work	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
the buff	The MTA's graffiti removal program	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
burn	1. To out do the competition. 2. To wear out.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
burner	A technically and stylistically well-executed wild style piece. Generally done in bright colors.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
caps	(Fat, skinny, German thin) Interchangeable spray-can nozzles fitted to paint can to vary width of spray.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
clean train	Current term for all New York City Subway cars. They are difficult to hit and rarely go into service with writing on them.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
coal mine	Older IND and BMT (R1s-R9s) subway cars characterized by a unpainted brown dusty surface. Retired from service in 1976.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
crew	Organized group of writers	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
crossing out	To scribble or write on someone else's name. It is considered highly disrespectful.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
def	Excellent (derived from definite and death).	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
designs	Polka dots, checkers stars swirls are placed over the fill-in to in hence and compliment fill-in . Designs are limited only by an artists imagination and technical ability.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
D.G.A.	Don't Get Around	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
ding dong	Stainless-steel (R-46)subway car, so named for the bell that rings alerting passengers of closing doors.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
dope	Excellent, of the highest order.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
down	Part of a group or action	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
DT	Plain cloths police officer or detective.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
5-O	Slang for police. Derived form the television series Hawaii 5-O.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
fade	Graduation of colors.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
famlies	Rows of throw-ups of the same name.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
floaters	throw-ups done on subway car panels at window level.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
freights	Railroad freight cars.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
flats	Painted steel subway cars with flat surfaces. (The preferred subway cars of old school writers. During the 1970s the IRT division was composed exclusively of flats)	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
getting up	When proliferation of name has led to high visibility.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
getting over	Succeeding	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
going over	Writing over another writers name. It is the ultimate act of disrespect.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
fill-in	The base colors of a piece, falling within the outline.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
hand style	Handwriting or tagging style.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
head buff spot	The portion of wall panels of the subway car interior above the seats located at passenger's head level. The mild though frequent abrasion from passengers heads eventually buffs (removes) tags on these locations.(It is an undesirable location to tag.)	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
henry shots	Photographic technique developed by Henry Chalfant. The camera remains in one spot with automatic film advance while the subject (train) moves. The end result is a straight forward single image built from several frames providing more detail. Though the term is used infrequently the technique has become one of the standards for photo documentation of trains.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
hit	(n) A tag, throw-up or piece (v) the act of writing.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
hot 110	Synonymous with the term "Toy".	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
IND	NYC subway division called the Independent. Includes A, B, C, D, E, F, GG subway lines.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
insides	Subway car interiors.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
invent	Shoplifting or stealing. This term was used prior to 1974. The contemporary term is RACK.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
IRT	NYC subway division called Interborough Rapid Transit. Includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 subway lines.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
kill	To bomb excessively.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
king	The most accomplished writer in a given category.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
lay-up	A single or double track where trains are parked during off-peak hours. Both tunnel and elevated lay-ups exist.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
letter lines	The IND and BMT divisions of The New York City Subway	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
married couple	Two subway cars permanently attached which share a motor. Identified by their consecutive numbers. These cars were desirable when art work on connected car was directly relevant.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
motion tagging	Writing on subway cars while they are in service. Also referred to as MOTIONING	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
MTA	1. Metropolitan Transit Authority New York city Subway system Includes BMT, IND and IRT subway divisions as well as surface transit divisions. 2. Mad Transit Artists Bronx crew from the late 1970s led by CHINO MALO and REE aka OPEL.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
number lines	The IRT division of The New York City Subway	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
new school	Contemporary writing culture (post 1984). This date can vary greatly depending upon who you ask.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
old school	The writing culture prior to 1984. This date can vary greatly depending upon who you ask.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
outline	The skeleton or frame work of a piece FINAL OUTLINE	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
panel piece	A painting below the windows and between the doors of a subway car.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
piece	A writer's painting, short for masterpiece.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
piecing	The execution of a piece.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
piece book or black book	A writer's sketch book. Used for personal art development and or the collection of other artists work.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
production	Large scale murals with detailed pieces and illustrations. (Contemporary term used mainly for street murals.)	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
pull-in pull-out	This is essentially a five to fifteen minute lay-up. At the end of some subway routes trains park in a tunnel for several minutes before going back into service. During this time the trains are written on. Due to time constraints pull in-pull outs were generally utilized for throw-ups. It was one of the more dangerous approaches to writing.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
racking or racking up	Shoplifting or stealing.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
rack	A store where shoplifting can be done.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
ridgie	Subway car with corrugated, stainless-steel sides. An undesirable surface for burners. Ridgies ran on the BMT and IND divisions and were preferred by throw-up artists.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
roller letters	Names rendered with bucket paint and rollers.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
scratchiti	A media coined term for the scratchings rendered on to the windows of subway cars.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
slants	IND R-40 subway cars with slanted face.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
steel	Any type of train. New school term used to distinguish train and wall work.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
the system	The New York City Subway system	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
style wars	1. Competition between artists to determine superior creative ability. 2. Documentary film on Hip Hop by Henry Chalfant and Tony Silver (RIP). Proved to be an extremely inspirational element for the New School.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
tag	(n) A writer's name and signature. (v) The execution of a signature.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
tagging-up	The execution of a signature.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
throw-up	A quickly executed piece consisting of an outline with or without thin layer of spray paint for fill-in.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
throwie	Contemporary term for throw-up.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
top-to-bottom or (T to B)	A piece which extends from the top of the subway car to the bottom.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
toy	1. Inexperienced or incompetent writer. 2. A small felt tip marker.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
up	Describes a writer whose work appears regularly on the trains or through out the city.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
wall paper	Repetition of a name written making enough coverage so that a pattern develops, much like wall paper.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
wak	Substandard or incorrect.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
wild style	1. Bronx crew from the 1970s led by Tracy 168. 2. A complicated construction of interlocking letters. 3. Classic film on Hip Hop culture directed by Charlie Ahearn.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
window down	A piece done below the windows of a subway car.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
work bum	New York City Transit Authority track maintenance worker.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
writer	Practitioner of the art of writing.	@149st. (2021). Graffiti Glossary. https://www.at149st.com/glossary.html	English	Online	-
3D style	Graffiti piece that has a three dimensional illusion.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
abstract style	A style of painting where it's not about painting letters, but rather showcasing your technical and color skills.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
all-city	A label you can gain by becoming a famous writer in your entire city. "That guy went all-city!".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
angel(s)	Respected and fumous writers who have passed away.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
anti-style	Also know as ugly style, or ignorant style. A style of painting where you deliberatly paint toy-ish making it "ugly" to look at.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
backjump	A quickly executed graffiti piece. Often made on a breifly parked train.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
back to back	Graffiti that covers the entirety of the wall or train from end to end.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
beef	Conflict between writers. "Yea, they have a beef going on".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
black book	A sketchbook for your sketches and pieces. Also known as a "piece book".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
blockbusters	Easy readable throw up letters.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
bite	To steal another writers work, name, color schemes or style.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
bombing	When you hit an area hard with graffiti. "We bombed that neighbourhood".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
bubble style	A graffiti style using rounded letters where it looks as if the letters have been blown up as balloons.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
burner	A really good graffiti piece. "Yea, it's a real burner!".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
buffing	Removing graffiti from a surface with a pressure washer e.g.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
calligraffiti	Graffiti that draws inspiration from calligraphy.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
cap	Nozzle/tip part of an aerosol spray can - where the paint comes out.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
capping	Destroying other writers work by painting lines on it. "The pieces got capped this weekend".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
cartoon/character	A figure or famous cartoon painted next to your piece.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
clean lines	Smooth lines without edges, dust or drips.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
crew	A group of graffiti writers working under the same crewname.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
DEF	Something really good.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
drips	Paint flowing from your lines as you paint. Can be intentional or unintentional.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
dusty lines	Unclean lines that comes from spraying too far away from the wall.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
fading	A color blending technique.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
fill-in	The color combination inside the letters.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
freestyle	Freestyle writing is painting a piece without having a sketch prepared from home.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
ghost	A graffiti piece that has been buffed but is still a bit visible on the wall.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
going over	Painting over another writers graffiti piece.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
getting up	Painting.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
Hall of fame	A location with many walls that graffiti writers visit to paint pieces, throw up, and tags.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
handstyle	Your font when writing your tag.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
heaven spot	A place that is difficult or dangerous to paint thus also difficult to buff. Gives credit from other writers if you paint these spots.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	4	-
king/queen	A graffiti writer who is highly respected amongst other graffiti writers.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
married couple	Two fully painted train cars that are located side by side.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
mop	A homemade marker. Usually made from an old deodorant and filt.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
old school	A term that refers to the 70's and 80's where the hip hop culture began.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
ONE	A graffiti writers tag.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
piece	A graffiti writers tag made with complex letters including a lot of details. Comes from the word masterpiece.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
rack	To steal.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
roller graffiti	Graffiti pieces that are painted on large surfaces using rollers and bucket paint.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
rooftop	A piece painted from the top of a roof, onto the mural of the neighbour building.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
run	How much time a graffiti piece survives on a surface. "that piece ran for only two months".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
semi wildstyle	A less complex style of wildstyle.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
soaker tags	Tags made with ink filled fire extinguishers. Often made in huge scale with lots of drips.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
street art	Art made on the street often with stencils and containing a message towards the society.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
tag	A graffiti writers alias.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
throw up	A graffiti writers tag made with easy readable letters, often bubble letters or blockbuster letters.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
toy	An inexperienced writer with poor or bad style. Come from the saying "trouble on your system".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
uran art	Summarizes all visual art forms in urban space - both streeet art and graffiti.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
yard	Where the! trains are parked at night.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
wholecar	A fully painted train cart.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
wildstyle	Complex graffitiletters that are difficult, close to impossible to read.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
wholetrain	All train cars fully painted from first to last car in the train composition.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
writer	A person who paints graffiti. "Does he write? Yes, he is a writer".	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
window down	A train car painted with graffiti from the windows and down.	Touborg, E. (2022). Draw Graffiti: A Beginners Guide To Graffiti Letters. Graffiti Bible. 	English	5	-
Big Brother	An all-powerful government or organisation monitoring and directing people’s actions, from a storyline in a book by George Orwell.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
communist	A person or state who believes in communism or is a member of a political party that supports communism.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
curator	A person in charge of a gallery, museum or zoo.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
eco-friendly	Not harmful to the environment.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
freedom of speech	The political right to communicate one’s opinions and ideas.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
irony	The use of words that mean the opposite of what one really intends.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
mural	A painting applied to and made part of a wall surface.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
political	Of or relating to a government or the conduct of government.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
stencil	A piece of material, such as a sheet of paper, with lettering or a design that is cut out and through which ink or paint is forced onto a surface to be printed.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
street name	The name a graffiti artist calls themselves so that they remain anonymous.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
stylised	Something that is represented or designed according to a style or pattern rather than according to nature or tradition.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
target customer	A group of customers towards which a business has decided to aim its marketing efforts and its merchandise.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
thought-provoking	Something that stimulates interest or thought.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
three-dimensional	Giving the appearance of depth or varying distances.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
trespassing	To enter unlawfully onto land owned by someone else.	Wood, A. (2015). Graffiti. Is it really art? Vol. 1. Franklin Watts. 	English	30	-
battle	competition between two crews, done throughout an entire city to prove who's graffiti is better, competition	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
B-Boy	one who dances, break dancing, also having respect for all four elements of hip-hop	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
beat boxing	making noises with mouth usually to accompany B-boying	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
bombing/bombing run	to go out at night and tag in many different places	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
buff	to clean graffiti off a surface	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
burner	tag to the extreme, large mural style with multicolors and twisted letters	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
crew/posse	a group of graffiti writers who choose a crew name and do graffiti together, no violence or gang related	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
dis	to cross out or write over someone else's graffiti	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
dj-ing	to play records at a dance, Hip-Hop culture	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
flicks	photographs of graffiti that writers take themselves	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
funk	New York style-thick letters	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
getting up	the act of getting graffiti up on a wall	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
gig	graffiti done on commission	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
graf	short for graffiti	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
graffiti vandals	law's given name for graffiti writers and taggers	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
hip-hop	subculture started in New York City urban areas/the four elements are graffiti, rapping, B-boying, Dj-ing/scratching	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
hit	to mark something with graffiti	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
illegal wall	a privately owned wall that has not been commissioned for graffiti	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
jack	the act of robbing someone on the street	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
king	an older, experienced writer who is considered to be one of the best by his peers	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
landmarks	graffiti on public landmarks, such as freeway overpasses and walls, public monuments, and bridges	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
legal wall	a wall done on commission or consent of owner	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
map the heavens	the act of tagging freeway overhead signs	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	134	-
mob	self given name for a gang, such as the 66th Street mob, or the act of a number of taggers placing their tags on a bus at the same time	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
new wave	large productions with letters characters and backgrounds, began in New York with Future 2000 and other New York City old school writers	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
O.G.	original graffiti writer, an experienced writer	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
piece	mural done with aerosol spray paint	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
piece book/black book	graffiti writer's sketch book/scrap book	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
production	piece with letters, characters and backgrounds	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
rack/gaffle	the act of stealing aerosol paint cans	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
ratpack	a crew of taggers or tagbangers out tagging and looking for trouble/often violence	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
scribing	to etch into glass with sharp objects such as awls, drill bits, pieces of metal, tags usually done	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
stamp	a throw up done many times in different places to look the same, more than a throw up, with straight letters and 3-D	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
stencil	a cut out piece of cardboard or heavy paper to use for tagging	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
tag	graffiti writer's name/alias/self named nick name/done quickly	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
tagger	a writer who only does tags	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
tagbangers	gang members who tag and carry weapons, a media enhanced phenomenon	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
throw up	two color tag with fat letters filled in/outlined with second color	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
top to bottom	writing graffiti on a transportation vehicle like a bus or train from top to bottom/also can be done on a wall	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
transits	buses	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
toys	younger, inexperienced writer with little skills	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
trece	the number thirteen	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
turf	a geographical area controlled by a particular gang	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
wack/wak	graffiti that isn't very good, it's dumb, stupid	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
wild style	a burner of interlocking letters, with colors, done to the best of writer's ability	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
writer	a person who writes graffiti yard	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
594	California penal code for graffiti vandalism	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
640	California penal code for graffiti vandalism on public transportation vehicles	Walsh, M., 1996. Graffito. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, 136 pp.	English	135	-
3-D	three dimensional. A 3-D shape has three dimensions (length, width, and depth).	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
archaeologist 	someone who learns about the past by uncovering and studying old buildings and objects	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
breakdancing	very energetic and acrobatic dancing, involving lots of moves close to the ground	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
canvas	surface used for painting, made from heavy cloth stretched over a wooden frame	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
colour fade	colour that slowly fades and changes into another colour	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
communist	system of organizing a country so that all the land, houses, and factories belong to the state and all the profits are shared by everyone	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
culture	ways that people express themselves through art, music, dance, writing, and theatre	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Djing	presenting records by mixing and scratching	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Enclosure	place where animals are kept	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
expression line	line that artists use to show feelings	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
hip hop culture	that began in New York City in the 1960s	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
illegal	against the law	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
law	rules of a country, set by the government. It is against the law to use graffiti in many places, but in some places it is allowed.	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Medieval	belonging to a period of history between around 1000 and 1450	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
mime	act using movements and actions instead of words	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
mural	wall painting	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
politician	someone involved in governing a country	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
prehistoric	belonging to a time very long ago before history was written down	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
rap	talking with a background of music, using rhythm and rhyme	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
stencil	paintings made by spraying paint on a card with a shape cut out of it	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
straights	simple capital letters	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
subway	tunnel where underground trains run	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
tags	short nicknames used by graffiti writers	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
urban	belonging to towns and cities	Bingham, J., 2010. Graffiti. Culture in Action. Raintree, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Bite	To copy another writer's style.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Bomb	Prolific painting or marking with ink.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Buff	Any means employed by the authorities to remove graffiti from trains or walls.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
To buff	To erase.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Burn	To beat the competition.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Cap, fat or skinny	Interchangeable spraycan nozzles fitted to can to vary width of spray.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Chillin'	Being out there and being cool.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Crew	Loosely organized group of writers, also known as a clique.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Def	Really good ( derived from "death').	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Down	In, part of the group or action ( e.g. "He's down with us").	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Fode	To blend colors.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Fresh	Synonymous with def.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Generic	Synonymous with wak.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Going over	One writer covering another writer's name with his own.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Hit	To tag up any surface with paint or ink.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Kill	To hit or bomb excessively.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
King	The best with the most.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Nick	Synonymous with rack.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Piece	A painting, short for masterpiece.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
To piece	To paint graffiti.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Piece book	A writer's sketchbook.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Rock	To steal.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Rad	The very best.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Stupid fresh	Superlatively good.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Tag	A writer's signature with marker or spray paint.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Tagging up	Writing signature with marker or spray paint.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Throw-up	A name painted quickly with one layer of spray paint and an outline.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Toy	Inexperienced or incompetent writer.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Up	Describes a writer whose work appears regularly.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Wak	Substandard or incorrect (derived from "out of whack").	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Wildstyle	A complicated construction of interlocking letters.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Writer	Practitioner of the art of graffiti.	Chalfant, H., Prigoff, J., 1987. Spraycan art. Street Graphics - Street Art. Thames and Hudson, London, 96 pp.	English	12	-
Active	A writer who currently paints.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
All city	A writer whose work can be found in many different locations.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Bad	Something which is great or fantastic.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Battle	A competition between writers using pieces or tags.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Bite	To copy another writer’s work.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Black book	A sketchbook containing writers’ graffiti designs.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Bomb, cane, destroy, kill	To completely cover something in graffiti.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Buff	To chemically clean graffiti from the surface of a train.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Bumpkin	A writer who does not live in London.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Burn	To paint exceptionally well.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Burner	A well-executed piece.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Cap; fat or skinny	Spray can nozzles which make the spray width wide or narrow.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Catch tags	To tag one’s name here and there.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Cheap fame	A profile that has not been earnt through hard work.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Crew	A group of affiliated writers.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Cross out, dog out, line out	To put a line through another writer or crew’s name.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Cross out war	A dispute between writers who are lining out each others’ names.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Diss, cuss	To disrespect or insult another writer.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Down	A writer who is part of a crew or highly respected.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Drop	To paint a piece.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Dry, lame, wak	Something which is bad or of substandard quality.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Dub	A quick outline of a writer’s name with a silver or gold painted interior.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
End to end	A piece covering the entire length of a train carriage.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Fanatic, hardcore	A highly active or reckless writer.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Fill-in	The interior shade of a piece, throwup or dub.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Freights, BR’s	Overland trains which travel across the country.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Give props	To give a writer credit.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Go over	To write over another writer’s name with your own.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Grass	A police informant.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Hall of fame	A legal or semi-legal walled painting site.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Hot	A risky yard or area which is being monitored by the police.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xi	-
Inactive	A writer who has temporarily stopped painting.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Jock	A sycophant or wannabe.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
King	The most accomplished or prolific writer.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Line	A line on the underground or subway.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Mission	An illegal painting trip.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
New jack	A new or recent writer.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
New school	A newer generation of writers.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Old school	An older generation of writers.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
On tour	A trip abroad to do graffiti and/or steal paint.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Outline	The line silhouetting a piece, throwup or dub.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Pay one’s dues	To show one’s dedication through a full and active illegal career.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Piece	A painting, short for masterpiece. To paint a word or image with more than two colours.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Props	A writer’s credits.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Rack	To steal.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Rads	Police.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Rep	A writer’s reputation.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Retire	To give up painting graffiti on a regular basis.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Safe	Something which is ‘good’ or without risk.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Scar	Graffiti that is still faintly visible after having been chemically cleaned.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Sell out	A writer who renounces illegal work and works commercially for money.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Shout out	To thank or acknowledge someone.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Tag	A writer’s name or signature.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Tagging, hitting, getting up	Writing one’s name or signature.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Third rail	The electrified rail on a train track.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Three-stroke	A throwup with the first letter of a writer’s name.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Throw down	To put a writer in a crew.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Throwup	A quick outline of a writer’s name with a black or white painted interior.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Top to bottom	A piece reaching from the top of a train carriage to the bottom.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Toy	A young, inexperienced or artistically incompetent writer.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Train jam	An organized group graffiti attack on the underground system.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Up	A prolific writer.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Whole car	A piece covering the entire surface of a train carriage.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Whole train, worm	A piece or series of pieces extending the entire length of a train.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xii	-
Wildstyle	A complex writing style characterized by its angular interlocking letters.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xiii	-
Window down	A piece painted below the windows of a train carriage.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xiii	-
Writer	Someone who writes graffiti. A member of the subculture.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xiii	-
Yard, depot, lay up	A place where trains are berthed.	Macdonald, N., 2001. The Graffiti Subculture: Youth, Masculinity and Identity in London and New York. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, New York, xiv, 256.	English	xiii	-
Bubble style	a sort of homage, a nod to the founders of graffiti. Developed in New York in the 70s. its trademark is an expanded form of lettering, as if imitating bubbles.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	116	-
Wild style	involving much more complexity than bubble style. Characteristically it’s made up of tangled letters extraordinarily hard for outsiders to make sense of.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	116	-
Stencil graffiti	The idea is very simple:  using cardboard, you cut out one or more shapes (or letters) of any size, and then place the stencil against the medium you want to paint or spray. The word mural is occasionally used in this connection.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	116	-
Post-graffiti and neo-graffiti	They refer to a new approach based on borrowed techniques, and go beyond the normal lettering styles.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	116	-
Logo graffiti	Swiftly becoming the coolest of the cool. The idea is to create logos as spectacular as possible, writers’ trademarks, if you like.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	116	-
Fresco	creating a piece of wall art, more or less extensive in scale, using a brush or spraycan.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	116	-
End-to-end	Strictly defined as a graffiti stretching from one end of a wagon to the other below window-level.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Bombing	the prolific painting of a surface.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Fill-in	A technique involving colouring in the centres of the lettering.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Throw-up	a hastily executed graffiti using only one colour.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Piece or masterpiece	large-scale, highly coloured and complex work. Lettering is the chief component and defining symbols such as hearts or vines may be included.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Burner	A particularly high quality piece.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Writers	Graffiti artists term themselves writers.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Tag	A writer's signature.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Crew	The term for a group or gang of graffiti artists, also sometimes known as a clique. Crews are headed by kings and queens, who rate members by the quality of their pieces as well as by their loyalty to the crew.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Kings and queens	They head crews.	Pereira, S., 2005. Graffiti. Silverback Books, San Francisco, 120 pp.	English	117	-
Adbusting	A type of “culture jamming” where individuals or groups purposely distort the advertised message of a business or corporation to create a different, sometimes humorous, message. This can be done by adding or subtracting words or images. Usually done with signs and billboards, but can be done with videos (e.g., posted on the World Wide Web).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Battles	Lyrical, musical, physical, and/or artistic competitions. Prevalent in hip-hop culture.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Bombing	The prolific writing of one’s tag. Bombing usually involves saturating a given area with a large number of one’s “tags” and/or “throw-ups” (aka “throwies”) (see this glossary). Often regarded as an important avenue for achieving recognition among other graffiti writers.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Broken windows theory	Explanation for crime causation developed by George Kelling and James Q. Wilson that argued that low levels of neighborhood blight (e.g., broken windows, abandoned or boarded up houses and vehicles, lawns with grass uncut) including graffiti are magnets for more serious deviancy/crime (e.g., drug sales, robberies, gang activity).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Buffing	The removal or covering of graffiti and street art, usually by state agencies. Buffing graffiti may take various forms, such as the removal of paint/ink with power washers and chemical solutions. It may also involve painting over graffiti.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Burner	A graffiti piece that is regarded as high quality. To “burn” is to outdo the work of others.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Can control	The ability to control and manipulate a spray paint can and tip/nozzle in various ways, thereby being able to produce aesthetic effects, such as color gradients, flares, and thin/clean lines.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Characters	A term used to describe pictorial elements of graffiti works, especially renditions of creatures or personas. Characters are often used in conjunction with elaborate pieces of a graffiti writer’s name/tag, and often incorporate gestures that draw the viewer’s attention to the name.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Clean car program	A New York City subway program that took trains out of service if they had graffiti on them. During this time, subway staff cleaned trains after each run hoping that this practic e would cut down on graffiti.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	475	-
Commodification	To monetize something, often by making it widely available for popular consumption.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Crew	Graffiti artists/writers who usually paint together. They serve different roles in the construction of elaborate murals and pieces. Not only do crew members paint together, but also they often socialize together. Crews may live geographically close together or they may live in different cities and countries and periodically assemble to work together.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Culture jamming	Disruption, distortion, subversion, and/or damage to publicly displayed cultural artifacts/icons/signs, including advertising, to create a different sometimes humorous or mocking message. Includes re-configuring logos, images, etc. Some of the messages that are attacked can be religious, political, or cultural, and not necessarily those produced by a business.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Discretion	Decisions made by criminal justice practitioners to invoke the law/criminal sanction. In the case of police, it includes the decision to stop, question, search, arrest, and to use force against a suspect.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Electric shadows	Outlining silhouettes of ordinary urban elements such as traffic lights and mailboxes (developed during the 1990s).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Etching techniques	“The act or process of making designs or pictures on a metal plate, glass, etc., by the corrosive action of an acid instead of by burning” (graffiti like technique used on windows of subway cars in NYC during the 2000s. www.nytimes.com/2006/04/25/ nyregion/25mta.html?r=0).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Go citywide/all city	“Denotes writers’ success at spreading and maintaining their graffiti throughout an urban area” (Ferrell, 2013, p. 181).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Go nationwide	Placing graffiti on vehicles (e.g., freight trains), to send ones work throughout the country (Ferrell, 2013, p. 181).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Graffiti	Typically refers to words, figures, and images that have been written, drawn and/ or painted on, and/or etched into or on surfaces where the owner of the property has NOT given permission. (More detailed definition is provided in the introductory chapter of the book.)	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Hand skills	The ability to control a marker, spray can, or paintbrush effectively in order to accomplish an aesthetically pleasing tag.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Hand style	The aesthetic “look” of a graffiti writer’s tag/signature. among graffiti writers, it tends to be used in an evaluative manner. For example, someone may be said to have a “good” hand style, or a “bad” hand style. The former would suggest the graffiti writer could produce an aesthetically pleasing tag; the latter would suggest the graffiti writer is inexperienced and lacks style.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
Hip-hop	A youth cultural movement, originating in the African American neighborhoods (especially the Bronx) in New York City during the 1970s. It is popularly believed to be characterized by rap music, emceeing/deejaying, dance (especially break dancing), and graffiti.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	476	-
King	A graffiti artist/writer who is more experienced, skilled, and respected by other graffiti artists/writers.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Knitting graffiti	Wrapping public objects such as statues, bike racks, lamp posts, parking meters, etc. with knitted yarn. (Also known as yarn bombing).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Latrinalia	Graffiti placed on bathroom stalls.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Liminal	Threshold, a space of ambiguity, disorientation, and forgotten site/place.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Moral panic	Disproportionate action taken by the public, politicians and/or mass media against a “deviant” situation or individual.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Murals	Large paintings on walls, sides of buildings etc. where the artist/s have been given express permission by the owner, and/or has been commissioned to do the piece (e.g. the work of Diego Rivera). Often depicting historical and/or religious events, themes, individuals, etc.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Nation of Graffiti Artists (NOGA)	Started in 1974 and tried to promote graffiti artists and decriminalize graffiti. Set up workshops to help graffiti artists.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Paste-up (wheat-paste)	Paper containing art work (i.e., text, images, etc.) that is affixed to a surface by applying a coating of a solution made of flour and water to the backing.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Pieces	(short for “masterpieces”) Large, colorful, elaborate, detailed, and stylistically intricate rendering of letters and images. Pieces require a greater amount of time and expertise to create than “throw-ups” and “tags”. (Usually deserving of more respect from other graffiti artists/ writers).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Post graffiti	The name given to the conversion of graffiti from an illegal urban action to a legal canvas art (e.g. Dickens, 2008).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Public art	Includes “a vast assortment of art forms and practices, including murals, community projects, memorials, civic statuary, architecture, sculpture, ephemeral art (dance, performance theatre) . . . can be experienced in a multitude of places – parks, libraries, public squares, city streets, building atriums, and shopping centres” (Wacławek, 2011, p. 65). Like graffiti and street art it is free for the public to see. Unlike street art, public art is legal (permission has been given), and frequently commissioned.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Quality of life crimes	Includes graffiti, public gambling (e.g., three-card monti), pickpocketing, etc. A term popularized by Ed Koch, New York City Mayor from 1978 to 1989.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Stencils	A piece of cardboard or plastic where images and/or letters are cut out, requiring the street artist to simply paint over via brush or spray paint and the image is left on the surface.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Stickers	Paper with adhesive backing (often mailing labels) that are affixed to surfaces. The stickers may have the artist’s tag written on it, or contain an image that was reproduced on the sticker.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	477	-
Street art	Stencils, stickers, and artistic/noncommercial posters that are affixed to surfaces where the owner of the property has NOT given permission for the individual to place them on it. Can include words, figures, images and/or a combination of these.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Tag	Quickly written name/moniker of the graffiti artist/writer. Typically do not use their real name and use their street/code name instead.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Tagging the heavens	“Illicitly writing graffiti atop a building or freeway overpass, and imparts status due to the difficulty and visibility of the spot selected” (Ferrell, 2013, p. 181).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Throw-ups (also known as throwies)	Style of graffiti that first started to appear in New York City. Produced with spray paint, throwies spell out a graffiti writer’s name in bubble-style letters. These letters are usually produced and filled in quickly with a single color, and then outlined with a second color of paint. Throwies may also be done with a single can of paint, in which case the graffiti writer will produce a quick series of letters. In the more recent history of graffiti, throwies have increasingly come to be recognized as a distinct and valuable part of a graffiti writer’s repertoire, often leading to the production of multi-colored throw-ups. Compared to masterpieces, throw-ups are often regarded as “quick pieces intended to be painted in a prolific manner much like tags.” Unlike masterpieces, throw-ups allow graffiti writers to cover more surface area relatively quickly.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Tips, caps or nozzles	Part of spray can where paint comes out. They can be modified to allow for varying the thickness of lines. Since the early 2000s specialized tips have been produced and made available for purchase by graffiti artists.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Tools of trade	Instruments/equipment that graffiti artists use to express their art, such as markers, spray paint, spray-can tips, etc.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Toy	An inexperienced and unskilled graffiti writer/artist who does not garner much recognition or respect for their work.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Train graffiti	Graffiti that is done inside subway trains. Later progressed to the outside of subway trains, freight trains, and passenger trains.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
United Graffiti Artists (UGA)	Group started in 1972 to help writers with creativity and make graffiti legal and profitable.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Urban ethnography	A qualitative research method that relies on close observation and descriptive analysis. When conducted properly it is a more systematic and self-reflective approach to gathering and interpreting data than used by the news media. Conducted in an urban environment, thus the use of the modifier “urban.”	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Vandalism	“The intentional destruction or damage of public or private property” (Breen, 2013, p. 437).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478	-
Vigilante	An individual who takes the law into their own hands, and/or in some case acts out beyond the confines of the law to enact a personal sense of “justice.” (They assume the various roles and duties of members of the criminal justice system . . . but they also often go beyond what is permitted by the justice system.)	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	478-479	-
Wildstyle	Energetic pieces of graffiti with interlocking, highly stylized and often cryptic lettering.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	479	-
Writing style	The letter style, colors, originality, and intricacy of graffiti.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2016. Routledge handbook of graffiti and street art. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, New York, xxxix, 491.	English	479	-
African American Vernacular	“relatively uniform grammar found in its most consistent form in the speech of black youth from 8 to 19 years who participate fully in the street culture of the inner cities” (Labov, 1972: xiii).)	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Banlieue	French term for suburbs of a big city. While recognizing that both poor and wealthy people can live in the suburbs, increasingly the term is used in a pejorative manner to describe low-income areas where large apartment blocks exist and many people survive on government assistance and some engage in illegal activities.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Barrio	Term typically given to a poor and/or working-class Spanish-speaking neighborhood in a city or town in the United States.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Block Party	When a street is temporarily closed to vehicular traffic so that residents can participate in some sort of celebration. It may be accompanied by vendors in booths and/or performers on a stage. There may also be activities for children such as an inflatable moon bounce apparatus and/or face painting.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Bombing	The prolific writing of one’s tag. Bombing usually involves saturating a given area with a large number of “tags” and/or “throw-ups” (aka “throwies”) (see this glossary). Often regarded as an important avenue for achieving recognition among other graffiti writers.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Broken Windows Theory	Explanation for crime causation, developed in 1982 by George Kelling and James Q. Wilson, that argued that low levels of neighborhood blight (e.g., broken windows, abandoned or boarded up houses and vehicles, lawns with grass uncut, etc.) including graffiti are magnets for more serious deviancy/crime (e.g., drug sales, robberies, gang activity, etc.).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Code of the Street	Term developed by Elijah Anderson in 1994 to describe how young African-American men relate to the street and the people they interact with in this context. Includes a disposition towards respect and violence.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Commodification	The process whereby goods/items, services, ideas, and people become “commodities and/or objects of trade.”	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Consumerism	“ideology” and practice that “encourages the acquisition of goods and services in everincreasing amounts.”	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Consumption	Term used in economics to refer to using goods and services that have an exchangeable value.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Cultural Industry	Businesses that reflect and shape public opinion and are important in constructing the popular culture of societies (e.g., museums, publishing industry, movies, social media, etc.).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Discretion	Decisions made by criminal justice practitioners to invoke a law/criminal sanction. In the case of police, it includes the decision to stop, question, search, issue a citation, arrest, and to use force against a suspect.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368	-
Drug economy	Term which refers to the dominant means by which people support themselves in a particular part of town, region, or country. Some or most people support themselves through the cultivation or sale of illegal drugs. This leads to trickle-down effects of being able to support other kinds of businesses.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	368-369	-
Ethnography	Qualitative methods that involve systematic observation and interaction (i.e., talking/ listening) with research setting.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Film Noir	“films set in dark urban settings that feature anti-heroes and femme fatales who struggle with violent passions, paranoia, and criminal psychology” (Wicks, this volume).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Gang	An informal group, typically composed of young people who affiliate with each other, establish their own norms and rules for joining the organization, and work together for mutual benefit (e.g., comradery, shared resources, protection etc.). They usually engage in illegalactivity.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Gang Fight/War	A competition between one or more gangs over territory, and/or drugs or other kinds of illegal contraband.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Gang Member	A member of a gang. Also called homeboy or gangster.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Gentrification	The process where poorer parts of a city are transformed into economically viable and safer areas for new, more affluent people to work and live. This is done through the purchase of rundown and/or abandoned buildings, their renovation, and converting lofts or repurposing other kinds of spaces for work or residences.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Ghetto	Term that originates in the 16th century. Originally used to describe urban areas where Jews live. In the United States context, the word is typically used to refer to places where poor African-Americans disproportionately live.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Graffiti	Primarily refers to words, figures, and images that have been written, drawn, and/or painted on, and/or etched into or on surfaces typically without permission of the owner of that property. 	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Hip-Hop	A youth cultural movement, originating in African American neighborhoods (especially the Bronx) in New York City during the 1970s. It is popularly believed to be characterized by rap music, emceeing/deejaying, dance (especially break dancing), and graffiti.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Hobo	Term used to describe individuals who are typically itinerant migrants, poor, and vagrants. Initially used in the United States in the late 1800s. Hobos would hop on trains in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Mass Media	A collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. Includes a variety of outlets.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Media	Tools used to store and deliver information or data; means of artistic expression.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Moral Panic	Disproportionate punitive action/s taken by the public, politicians and/or mass media against a “deviant” situation or group.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Mural	Large painting on a wall or side of a building, etc. where the artist/s have been given express permission by the owner and/or has been commissioned to do the piece (e.g., Diego Rivera). Often depicting historical and/or religious events, themes, individuals, etc.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Neoliberalism	A political theory of the late 1990s that holds that personal liberty is maximized by limiting government interference in the operation of free markets.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
News Media	Elements of the mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public or a target public (i.e., via print media, broadcast news, Internet).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Night-Time Economy	Economic activity that takes place after normal working hours including entertainment, bars, and restaurants.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
No-Go Area	Term typically used in European settings to describe parts of town that are dangerous so that visitors risk criminal victimization assault or murder, and/or have high levels of violence and gang activity.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Parkour	Aerobic activity mainly practiced by young people in public places that involves jumping or hopping over obstacles like park benches and retaining walls.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Participant Observation	When the researcher partakes in or observes behavior under investigation to better understand the thoughts and motivations of individuals who engage in a particular activity.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	369	-
Public Housing	Apartment buildings, town houses, or row homes that are owned by the government that are leased out to people who are on government assistance. In the United Kingdom, these properties are usually called estates.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Public Order Offenses	Minor crimes such as gambling, drunk and disorderly, urinating in public, vagrancy, and vandalism.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Public Space	Places open to the general public, where people pass through and/or congregate such as sidewalks, parks, and libraries.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Quality of Life Issues/Indicators	Building upon Kelling and Wilson’s broken windows theory, these issues/indicators are cues in a neighborhood that would indicate that the neighborhood was declining, including the number of abandoned homes, presence of homeless people, and vagrancy.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Roma	A preferred term used for individuals also described as gypsies. These individuals are of Indo-Aryan background. They have settled throughout Europe and in the United States. They are frequently subjected to racism and persecution.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Sex worker	Term that typically refers to individuals who derive their income from the sale of sex. 	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Skid Row	Poor part of town where large concentrations of poor, unemployed, often homeless, drug and/or alcohol addicted people live. The term originated in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Social Media	Computer-mediated technologies that allow communicators to create, view, and share a variety of different types of information to virtual communities and networks.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Art	Stencils, stickers, and artistic/noncommercial posters that are affixed to surfaces where the owner of the property has typically NOT given permission for the individual to place them on it. Can include words, figures, and/or images.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Capital	Consists of a unique combination of:  race/ethnicity, gender, reputation, and the related processes of street efficiency/literacy/savvy/ smarts/wisdom (Ross, 2018, p. 10).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Cool	Style of young people who live in the city. Urban style that shows relationship to pop culture and consumerism.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Crime	Crimes connected to the urban lifestyle, against people and property, committed in both public and private places.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Culture	“the beliefs, dispositions, ideologies, informal rules, practices, styles, symbols, and values associated with, adopted by, and engaged in by individuals and organizations that spend a disproportionate amount of time on the streets of large urban centers” (Ross, 2018, p. 8).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Food	Foods or drinks that are ready to consume and sold to the public. Vendors typically sell the food in public spaces (e.g., sidewalks, from the curb), via portable booths, carts, and/or trucks. 	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Literacy	Conceptual framework that describes the dynamic process of experiential knowledge production and self-construction in a specified context. More specifically, it consists of a series of strategies that urban youth use to negotiate their neighborhoods (Cahill, 2010).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Street Vending	The sale of food and goods in public spaces such as sidewalks, stalls, or trucks. 	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Subculture	Individuals who are part of a larger culture that define themselves based on shared norms and values that are distinct from the main group. This may also include distinct ways of dress and speech understood by the group.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Swing Kids (Swingjugend )	During the 1930s, a subculture of people aged 14–21 in Germany who loved jazz and swing music opposed to Nationalist Socialist Ideology.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Tag	Quickly written name/moniker of the graffiti artist/writer. Typically, they do not use their real names and use their street/code names instead.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Tramp	Alternative name for a person also referred to as a hobo. More popular connotations have used the word tramp to refer to someone who has loose sexual ethics.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370	-
Urban Ethnography	A qualitative research method occurring in an urban context that relies on close observation and descriptive analysis. Often includes systematic, critical, and self-reflective approach to gathering and interpreting data. Conducted in an urban environment, thus the use of the modifier “urban.”	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	370-371	-
Vandalism	“[T]he intentional destruction or damage of public or private property” (Breen, 2013, p. 437).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	371	-
Writer	One who engages in prolific graffiti production. Also called a “bomber” (see earlier).	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	371	-
Zuit Suit	Men’s suit with pants that were high waisted and wide legged, with jackets that had wide lapels, padded shoulders, and were long. Worn by Latinos, African-Americans, Italian-Americans, and Filipino-Americans during the 1940s.	Ross, J.I. (Ed.), 2021. Routledge Handbook of Street Culture. Routledge international handbooks. Routledge, Abingdon, xxxvi, 385.	English	371	-
Agonistic	An approach in which conflict and disputation rather than harmony is sought.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
All-City	The status of being known for one’s graffiti writing throughout a city. Originally, the term referred to being known across the five boroughs of New York City through writing upon subway cars.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Backjump	A piece produced on either a train or bus while the vehicle is still in service.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Bomb	To paint prolifically over numerous surfaces in an area. Bombers often use tags or throw-ups rather than more complex pieces because they can be executed faster.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Boxcar graffiti	Graffiti that first proliferated on railroad boxcars in North America during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Hobos—migratory workers who traveled the railroads—developed a system of markings that conveyed specific messages.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Buffing	To remove painted graffiti with chemicals or to paint over it with a flat color.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Character	A cartoon figure taken from comic books, television, or popular culture. A character can take the place of a letter in a word.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Consensual	An approach in which agreement and accord, rather than dissensus, is sought.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Crew (krew or cru)	A group of associated writers or artists who often work collaboratively and tag the crew’s initials along with their own name. Crew names are often a collection of three letters and have numerous, frequently amusing referents.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Dumpster diving (or skipping)	The practice of foraging through commercial waste to find items that have been discarded but that may prove useful to the dumpster diver. Items range from food and clothing to paint and materials.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Fat cap	Specially invented for graffiti, a nozzle attached to a can of spray paint that gives wider coverage and is generally used for bombing and to fill pieces. Also referred to as “tips.”	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Get up	To get your work on any surface. Originally, the term meant to successfully hit a train.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Going over	To paint over the top of a piece of graffiti. Also known as “crossing out.” Most writers respect each other’s work but to intentionally go over another’s work is considered an act of violence.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Handstyle	A signature or tag unique to each writer.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Hip-hop	An urban youth culture starting in the late 1970s associated with rap music, break dancing, and African-American fashion.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Independent public art	A term used to describe uncommissioned, unofficial art that takes place in the public realm, outside the gallery or the museum space.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Intervention	An action by an artist that adds elements to, or modifies, the existing physical and social landscape.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
King	Kings are the best and most highly respected writers. Self-pronounced kings often incorporate crowns into their pieces.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Letterform	Term used in typography and calligraphy to describe a letter’s shape.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Meta-graffiti	A form of graffiti that examines the graffiti discourse in itself as its own topic. Like painting about painting, meta-graffiti is a form of conceptual art.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Mural	A large-scale piece or painting executed directly upon a wall.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Old school	Term generally referring to the early days of writing in the mid-1970s and early 1980s. Old-school writers are respected for their contributions to the early beginnings of graffiti.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
One-liner	A tag written in one continual motion. The tip of the writing implement does not lift from the surface until the tag is complete.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Piece	A graffiti painting, short for masterpiece.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Pixação	A unique style of graffiti native to Brazil and characterized by its distinctive cryptic tagging. Many pixação artists paint in high and inaccessible places.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Scribing	Scratching a tag that is hard to remove onto a surface often using a key, knife, or drill bit.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Stickers	A form of tagging that can range from using simple computer-generated blank stickers with a writer’s name to more elaborate labels incorporating characters. Stickers can be put up quicker than other forms of graffiti.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Subway Art (1984)	Seminal study of the New York City graffiti subculture during the 1970s and 1980s by photographers Martha Cooper and Henry Chalfant.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Tag	A writer’s personal logo or signature in marker or paint. The most elemental form of graffiti. While often disparaged by those from outside the graffiti discourse, for the practitioners themselves, tagging is examined in much the same way as classic calligraphy.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Throw-up	Pieces that are quick and easy to paint, generally only in one or two colors. Bubble shapes often form the letters	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Toy	An adjective to describe poorly executed work, or an incompetent or inexperienced writer.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Wheat paste	A liquid adhesive used to glue posters and images to walls on the street.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
White cube	Refers to the conventional modern art gallery space.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Whole train	The feat of covering a whole train with graffiti pieces.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Wildstyle	Graffiti text so stylized and complicated that it is difficult to read. It often features interlocking letters.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Writer	A practitioner of the art of graffiti.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
’Zine	A small circulation, self-published work of specialized, sometimes unconventional, subject matter usually produced on a photocopier.	Schacter, R., 2013. The world atlas of street art and graffiti. NewSouth Publishing, Sydney, 399 pp.	English	394	-
Badges and stickers	In youth culture, as in any culture based on representation, identity marks are important. They show the wearer as belonging to a certain group, idea or style and, of course, they are a type of adornment. Like fan merchandise, they are sold and passed on and so anyone can wear them or stick them on. Through this, with the help of their fans and supporters, the comparatively small writer’s scene manages to spread its message over a large area.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	274	-
Cutouts	Many artists have taken to the used of cutouts, which are faster to make but also more short-lived than stencils. They are mostly smallish stickers cut out from photocopied paper and stuck on the walls. Sometimes they are covered with a layer of varnish or they are made from special durable paper to start with.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	274	-
Leftover	Strictly speaking, all graffiti are uncalled-for public expressions. Nowadays, three-dimensional elements are included more and more frequently in street art. Like relics of their presence, such leftovers enter into a playful dialogue with their surroundings. Since they are relatively easy to remove, most of these predominantly small-scale objects tend to survive only relatively high on walls and facades. Larger arrangements often take this process into account; tne changes and developments over time are then minutely observed and documented.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	274	-
Pieces	The piece (short for masterpiece) is the common and most widely accepted form of graffito. The central element is usually the name of the writer in large letters. Over the last few decades, the often intricate shape of these letters have developed into historically distinctive styles that have been a fount of inspiration for typographers and type designers. In and around the central letters, there are often other references in the so-called box and a multitude of shapes and images.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	277	-
Posters	Parallel to the interplay between graffiti and public inscriptions, there has been a long-standing competition and interaction between public and illegal posters. Whether hand- or machine-printed, they have been a means of artistic expression and a vehicle for political propaganda since the beginning of the twentieth century. Artists like Jakob Kolding have used this medium to mark the demarcation line between free art and public discussion. Some posters aim to bring an atmosphere of poetry into the urban space. Meanwhile, the advertising industry has jumped on the bandwagon, utilizing the posters’ decisive gesture for fashion ads or concert announcements. At the same time, many artists use this fact in order to place their own subversive artwork in the public space.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	277	-
Rights	The legal situation for street art is far from clear but it is fair to say generally, uncalled-for art  in the public space violates the law of the land. And in most cases, these artistic expressions are not considered a petty offence or misdemeanor, but are seen as a clear case of willful damage to  property:  Any change to an object’s appearance is liable to prosecution. Due to the tightening of the law in some European countries, the police are often forced to press charges against sprayers. Consequently, many sprayers now have their own legal support system in order to survive economically. Besides the penalty charges, there have been many cases where the sprayers have had to pay high compensation to house owners who pressed charges.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	278	-
Rooftop	Pieces on end walls that can be seen from the street are a common occurrence these days. These locations are accessible from the rooftop of an adjacent building, so the sprayers should nimble on their feet and they have to have a good idea of what exactly can be seen from the different vantage points on the street. Nowadays, this placement is not just a favorite venue for sprayers but also for the advertising industry — occasionally graffiti pieces are being replaced by public advertising.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	278	-
Stencil/Pochoir	The need to work fast has induced sprayers like Blek le Rat to utilize the ancient technique of stenciling for his art. A stencil can be prepared at home and the actual spraying of the image will take a comparatively short time. The similarity to other art forms like woodcuts with its strong emphasis on contrasts entails a whole different set of artistic rules.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	278	-
Tags/Throw-ups	Tags and throw-ups probably range lowest in the scale of public appreciation of graffiti. Tags are applied with a special pen that allows the sprayer to draw fat lines. These cryptic signatures tend to scare people because their messages are often aggressive or plain indecipherable. Tags require a minimum of logistics and technique — the object is simply to be quick and prolific. Throw-ups tend to be large contour letters quickly filled in with a layer of paint.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	278	-
Murals	Murals - commissioned or non-commissioned wall paintings — have a very long tradition. The Mexican muralists ofthe 1930s continue to exert their influence on contemporary artists. Often, the wall seems to disappear behind its function as image carrier and is completely replaced by the visual impact of the huge wall painting. Occasionally, the mural opens a different visual perspective and its subject matter constitutes a veritable narrative. For these reasons, wall paintings are a favorite propaganda vehicle for politics, advertising and art.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	279	-
Whole Car; Whole Train; Top to Bottom	Here as everywhere, size matters. In subway art, the number of cars covered with graffiti is tantamount. In the heyday of the pieces on the New York subway, besides style and proliferation, the spraying of a whole car or even an entire train was the most important criterion for a sprayer’s or a crew’s reputation. While is has become virtually impossible to do a whole car in New York City, they do tend to crop up here and there in other parts of the world where surveillance is less strict.	Stahl, J., 2009. Street Art. Art pocket. h.f.ullmann, Königswinter, 288 pp.	English	279	-
Graffiti	Graffiti is writing or drawings made on a wall or other surfaces, usually as a form of artistic expression, often without permission of property owners and within public view. Contemporary (or "hip-hop") graffiti dates back to the 1970s. It is generally said to have arisen from the Black and  Latino neighbourhoods of New York City alongside hip-hop music and street subcultures and been catalysed by the invention of the aerosol spray can. Early graffiti artists were commonly called "writers" or "taggers". Graffiti writing and street art are closely related to contemporary art movements, but they differ in terms of function and intent. In fact, graffiti writers are not interested in the public understanding, thus they direct their messages to a specific group of people, while street art is more about communicating with the general public.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	4	-
Street art	The definition of street art is still matter of discussion and constantly evolves. Street art is visual art created in public / urban spaces, as exterior building walls, highway overpasses and sidewalks. This makes "street art" strongly connected to graffiti. Although the term often refers to unsanctioned art, as opposed to government-sponsored initiatives, street art is going mainstream. It is usually created as a means to convey a message connected to political ideas or social commentaries. Not all street art involves painting. The term can include traditional graffiti artwork, sculpture, stencil graffiti, sticker art, street poster art and street installations.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	5	-
Urban art	The expression "urban art" is often used to summarize all visual art forms arising in urban areas, being inspired by urban architecture or the present urban lifestyle. It combines street art and graffiti and, in a broader framework, all forms of public contemporary art in open city spaces.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	6	-
Adbusting	Adbusting, or Subvertising, is the practice of altering and making satirical interventions on public, corporate or political advertisements. It's marked by humour, satire and often sharp criticism of certain societal issues, most often consumerism.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	8	-
All-city	Gaining this label means to become a famous graffiti writer in the entire city. The term originates from New York, and it used to mean being known in all five boroughs, while this "fame" was spread by the subway.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	9	-
Angel(s)	A famed and well-respected graffiti artist who is no longer alive. Admirers and followers would make tribute portraits of "Angels" or they would tag their names with hovering halos above, adding the dates of their birth and death.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	10	-
Back to back / End to end	Huge graffiti piece that covers a wall from one end to the other, similar to pieces found on the western side of the Berlin Wall. On a subway train, it refers to a piece that covers the entire train, end to end. Abbreviation – B2B or E2E. Usually painted below the windows of a car, they are sometimes called window-downs.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	11	-
Bite	To steal someone's art, ideas, names, tags, letter styles or palette. Often a term related to "toys" (see below).	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	12	-
Black book	A sketchbook of a graffiti artist, a treasured possession. Usually, it is filled with sketches of new pieces or other writers' tags, containing the entirety of an artist's body of work. A document of illegal works, a black book is carefully hidden away from authorities (so, it does not become evidence against its author).	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	13	-
Buff	To erase, paint over in one dull color, or otherwise remove graffiti, often with chemicals and pressure guns with sand or water.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	14	-
Burn	To burn can mean either to make a better piece than a rival artist, or to snitch on someone (on purpose or accidentally).	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	15	-
Burner piece	A complicated work that takes a lot of time and effort, a style statement, often legal.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	16	-
Cannon	Spray cans. Term that probably originates in Brooklyn, NY.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	17	-
Cap / tip	It is the nozzle for the spray paint can. Different types of aerosol caps are used to get different effects or styles, from Thins, Rustos, to Fatcap.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	18	-
Crew	Also spelled as Cru or Krew, is a group of writers that work together, usually in a similar style. Although crew activity does reflect gang behaviour, their prime objective is graffiti and not serious crime. Crews often engage in large collaborative pieces, but a crew piece can also be executed by anyone in a group. If a single member is arrested, he can be held liable for a joint work.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	19	-
Culture jamming	The act of subverting media culture and mainstream cultural marketing according to the principles of anticonsumerist social movements. A form of subvertising or adbusting, usually with a distinctively political purpose.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	20	-
Deface / cap / go over	To ruin another artist's piece. A writer named "Cap" would rudely make throw ups over existing graffiti, giving a name to this infamous practice. Going over a piece is the ultimate sign of disrespect and represents a declaration of graffiti war. Still, there is a hierarchy of styles in which case going over can be tolerated. Usually, it means that it is OK to paint over low quality work with something better. The other way around is generally unacceptable.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	21	-
Dress-up	To paint over a specific enclosed area entirely – to completely change a shop window or a doorway that has previously been graffiti-free.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	22	-
Fatcap	A wide spray can nozzle, that covers a wide area at once, used to fill in the pieces.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	23	-
Ghost	A paint stain that is left after a graffiti work has been badly buffed.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	24	-
Hat	For an artist with a solid reputation in the graffiti community, a trusted member who does not snitch, is said that he's wearing a "hat".	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	25	-
Head / king	Head is a highly respected writer in a certain area, similar to King or Queen. Kings or Queens are graffiti artists that are famous among other writers for their skill, style or courage. Self-proclaimed kings often paint crowns into their work, but this practice is risky because their claim must be valid in the eyes of the others. Usually, kings or queens are declared by other kings or queens.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	26	-
Heaven spot / heavens	Challenging pieces of graffiti painted in places that are almost impossible to reach and require a significant level of acrobatics. Painting in heaven spots can lead to injury or death (they can 'hit up heavens'), which only contributes to the reputation of the writer. Furthermore, heavens are also rather difficult to remove.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	27	-
Hip-hop	Late 70s and early 80s culture marked by early rap music, breakdancing and visual style that gave birth to the graffiti culture.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	28	-
Invisible	A rare and symbolic form of graffiti that represents only quickly sketched logos.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	29	-
Landmark	A graffiti piece executed in a location hard to be reached or hidden, difficult to buff and in place for at least five years. Usually marked with a date of painting. These works are held in high regard by the writers.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	30	-
Legal wall	A piece that is made legally, with permission from the wall owner or the authorities. Only a testified illegal writer can get respect for a legal wall.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	31	-
Lock on	Sculpture in public spaces, generally locked or chained to public fittings such as light posts and similar. It's non-destructive, installation-type of art.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	32	-
Moniker	The street name of an artist, the nickname and label.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	33	-
Pichaçao	Celebrated style of graffiti created in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Created by the misfits as a form of social protest, these works bear considerable risk, being painted in hard-to-reach places. More popular for its meaning than for its stylistic qualities.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	34	-
Post-graffiti	A generic, recent term that includes everything that could be seen as Street Art.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	35	-
Rooftop	Heaven graffiti painted on rooftops.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	36	-
Rook	A trustworthy crew member.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	37	-
Run	Time that a graffiti piece spends on a surface without being removed, duration of a piece. "It run for a year" can be said.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	38	-
Slam	To do graffiti in a very public or otherwise risky location.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	39	-
Slash	To cross-out or to tag over a piece of another writer. A serious insult – same as deface / cap.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	40	-
Toy	A word describing either poor work or a painter without skill, sometimes a newbie. "To toy" someone else's graffiti means to go over it. An acronym meaning "tag over your shit", often placed on top of bad, or "toy" work.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	41	-
Tree	Graffiti that is chiseled into a tree bark.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	42	-
Undersides	Graffiti painted on the underside of a subway or train car. Often lasts longer than the usual train tag, because it's spotted later and not as visible.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	43	-
Whole car / whole train	A large graffiti piece executed by one or multiple writers that covers the entire outside surface of a train car. Whole train graffiti covers the entirety of a train. Difficult to paint, these works are more often collaborative, done in limited amounts of time (often under 5 minutes) with limited colour schemes. If successful, this is one of the most respected graffiti forms out there.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	44	-
Writer	A graffiti artist.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	45	-
3D Style	An effect used on basic graffiti letters to give a three-dimensional illusion. The first artist who started embellishing letters in this way is Phase 2. In graffiti culture, 3D refers to letter writing, but there is another version of 3D painting on pavement called Chalk art. Chalk art and 3D graffiti are very different in both concept and aesthetics and they are not to be mixed.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	47	-
Abstract style	Abstract style does not include letters but rather the painting skill and harmony an artist demonstrates in a piece. The goal is similar to abstract painting – to make a harmonious piece with specific dynamics and balance by the use of basic artistic elements such as line, shape, geometry, colour and composition.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	48	-
Anti-style / ugly style	Also known as "ghetto style" or "ignorant style". A deliberately toy or seemingly unskilled style of writing and painting. It stems from the 70s graffiti culture in New York, but it spread gaining popularity in the 80s and early 90s in San Francisco. Anti-style does not follow any rules and is highly individualized, but often visually awkward. We can see examples of this type of painting in San Francisco, New York, Paris, Berlin and other bigger cities in Europe.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	49	-
Backjump	A throw-up or a panel piece that is executed quickly, often on a momentarily parked train or bus.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	50	-
Blockbuster style	Blockbuster or "straight" letters are big, square, robust and simple, and thus more readable than most graffiti. They are usually painted in two colours, often combinations of plain black, white and silver. Used to go over other work, or to cover train sides more easily, blockbusters are good for supreme coverage.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	51	-
Bombing	An act of painting many different walls inside one city area or train within a very short timeframe. To "hit". Graffiti bombers are prone to using simpler styles, tags or throw-ups, because speed is an important factor. It can also mean – to go out writing.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	52	-
Bubble style	An old, somewhat dated graffiti style of simple, rounded, bubble-shaped letters, generally easy to read. Throw-ups are often painted in this style, because it's easy and quick to execute.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	53	-
Cartoon / character	A widely recognized cartoon or a character figure often borrowed from comics, popular culture or TV. Writers dedicated to cartoons often invent their own characters and imagery. Cartoon graffiti adds humour to a piece, easily adapted to most of the lettering styles.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	54	-
Challenge	Challenge graffiti is made to mark that somebody "was there". Just like insides, it's often painted indoors. Insides are a more specific reference to tags written inside public transportation vehicles – trains, buses etc.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	55	-
Complex style	A generic term for graffiti that uses complicated lettering, an abundance of color and that is hard to execute. These works are difficult to read, but they are visually impressive.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	56	-
Dubs	Graffiti executed in silver or chrome paint, originating from London, UK. They can be found around railway stations or in the streets. Dubs are usually a crew effort.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	57	-
Free style	A combination of styles without one defining characteristic. An individual expression.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	58	-
Full monty	A piece that covers an entire area, wall or object. It can contain a coarse, but a highly effective message	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	59	-
Mop	A homemade graffiti painting tool. Usually used to paint larger tags. It has a rounded tip and  leaves a fat line that drips. Mops can be done in different paints	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	60	-
Mural	A wall painting applied on either outside or an inside surface, or a ceiling. In street art, it refers to a large, elaborate wall piece that requires significant skill to paint. Unlike graffiti, murals normally respect the architecture of the wall and the building, sometimes even the surroundings. They are often legal.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	61	-
Old school	A generic term that refers to the times of early graffiti, the 70s and early 80s. It can relate to the hip-hop music of that period as well. Old-school writers enjoy a lot of respect because they were there from the beginning, many of them having invented particular styles of writing. For example, Phase 2 created bubbles, clouds and 3D, and Blade and Comet started using blockbusters first.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	62	-
Own style	A style characteristic for one specific writer.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	63	-
Piece (free-hand)	Short for "masterpiece", painted free-hand. A big and complex piece of wall painting that is time-consuming and difficult to execute. It is characterised by many different components, such as rich palette, 3D elements, and other visual marks. A work of a more experienced writer, earning them extra respect.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	64	-
Punition	A type of graffiti writing in which one word is repeated countless times, until it covers an entire surface. The name comes from the punition lines used to punish children at school.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	65	-
Roller graffiti	Graffiti that is painted with a roller and paint, rather than with a spray can. There are special techniques related to this type of writing.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	66	-
Semi wild-style	A simpler form of Wildstyle, more discernible than the full-on wildstyle writing.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	67	-
Sharp	A manner of writing very geometric, angular letters with lots of sharp angles and corners, taking the pointy and piercing elements to an extreme. Letters are altered greatly, often unrecognizable, giving off a fierce and furious impression.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	68	-
Tag	A signature of a writer, very stylized, quickly written, usually in one colour in contrast with the background. Denotes the artist's moniker. The simplest and the most common type of graffiti. Used as a verb, "to tag" means "to sign", which derives from a classical practice of artists signing their works.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	69	-
Tagging	To write tags. An accepted term in today's pop culture, often meaning something other than graffiti writing. Since it first appeared in Philadelphia with messages Bobby Beck was leaving around city's freeways, tagging has evolved in many different ways. Different manners of tagging can be found in different cities, often depending on the region and local culture, and naturally, the artist himself. A New York tag writer of the early 70s, TAKI 183 is considered one of the forefathers of graffiti and tagging in general.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	70	-
Throw-up	Sometimes called a "throwie" is a simple form of graffiti, sitting between a tag and a bomb. It's usually painted with a simple letter outline and then filled with colour. Throw-ups are often made in bubble or blockbuster style that support quick execution. Artists use throw-ups and tags to cover as many surfaces as possible, competing with their rivals. Along with a tag, a throw-up is an artist's logo.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	71	-
Wildstyle	Very complex and highly stylized form of lettering that is often impossible to read by non-writers. The letters can get so complicated, borderline abstract, containing 3D elements, with a lot of connections, arrows and interlocking. Generally, wildstyle is seen as one of the most demanding graffiti writing styles, reserved only for those with serious skill.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	72	-
Calligraffiti	Calligraphy-influenced graffiti.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	74	-
Domming	A spray-painting colour mixing technique where one colour is sprayed over another wet layer and the two nuances are then rubbed together. An abrasive tool, such as sand or sandpaper, can be used to create effects in domming. The term derives from the word "condom", synonymous to "rubber". Sometimes referred to as "fingering", because it's executed with fingers.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	75	-
Drips / dripping	Intentional drips is stylized. Unintentional drips is a sign of an unexperienced graffiti artist.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	76	-
Etching	In graffiti, it refers to the use of acid solutions to create frosted glass (Etch Bath), to write on windows. Potentially hazardous. In Norway, there were trains taken off the rails because of the danger these solutions posed for public health.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	77	-
Extinguisher bombing / Soaker tags	To do graffiti with a fire extinguisher filled with paint. This technique can cover large surfaces, but it leaves a fat, messy, dripping line and it's not suitable for fine work. First to pioneer this is Graffiti Artist Katsu.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	78	-
Fading	An aerosol color blending technique.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	79	-
Fill-ins	A term denoting the painted interior of letters, throw-ups or pieces, usually in a single, solid colour.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	80	-
Installation	An art genre of three-dimensional and site-specific works. They can be executed in the interior or in the exterior. Exterior installations fall into the domain of public art, land art, public interventions or street art, although these art forms often overlap.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	81	-
Outlining	Making a sketch or a preparatory drawing, done on paper or in a black book while planning a piece. An outline can also refer to a wall sketch, or to the contour of a throw-up or similar graffiti work, a boundary that can be filled.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	82	-
Poster	A paper-based work created in the studio that can be wheat-pasted onto a wall. Following a long and rich history of poster art, graffiti culture has taken this easy and effective public expression tool and transformed it into one of the most favoured paste-up formats.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	83	-
Scriber	A scribing or scratching tool. An instrument tipped with a ceramic or a diamond drill bit, used to engrave a tag into a surface, usually inside a public vehicle. A destructive tool. 	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	84	-
Scribing / scratching	Also known as "scratchitti", scribing is a destructive technique of hand- engraving or scratching a tag into a surface. It can be done using a simple key, knife or sand paper, although scribing pros use a Scriber.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	85	-
Stencil graffiti	One of the most popular forms of street art. Stencils are made out of cardboard, paper and other materials that help to quickly create a figurative image. The preprepared design is cut out and then transferred onto a wall with a spray or roll-on paint. Easily repeated on different walls. Multiple layers of stencils can create beautiful and elaborate images, allowing the use of a lot of colours and details.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	86	-
Sticker	Stickers are used to bomb, slap or tag a surface or an area without writing. Graffiti stickers are usually designed and printed well ahead, containing traits of an artist's style as well as his message. Sticker messages often contain political or social critique, referring to a specific issue. Many brands produce their own stickers.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	87	-
Yarn bombing	A recent type of street art activity that makes use of crocheted or knitted colourful yarn coverings, thrown on different parts of public furniture such as sculptures, fences, light posts, monuments etc. It's also known as guerrilla knitting, urban knitting, or yarn storming.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	88	-
Alteration	Change in condition, beneficial or not, intentional or not. [a]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	97	-
Damage	Alteration that reduces significance or stability. [a] Related term:  degradation.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	97	-
Deterioration	Gradual change in condition that reduces significance or stability. [a] Related term: decay.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	98	-
Object	Single manifestation of intangible value in tangible cultural heritage, both movable or immovable. [a]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	98	-
Weathering	Alteration due to exposure to outdoor environment. [a]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	99	-
Concretion	Accumulation of a hard coherent deposit on the surface, which may have a specific shape:  nodular, botryoidal (grape-like) or framboidal (raspberry like). In general, concretions do not outline the surface and are of limited extent.[b] Related term: accretion	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	101	-
Deposit	Accumulation of exogenous material, such as dust or droppings, on the surface. It can be either coherent or incoherent, depending on the adhesion among particles and/or to the surface. [b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	102	-
Dust	Deposit of exogenous fine particles, neither compact nor adherent on the surface.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	103	-
Film	Thin adherent covering or coating layer, generally of organic nature and homogeneous, that follows the surface. A film may be opaque or translucent. [b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	104	-
Inclusion	Exogenous material embedded within an object.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	105	-
Overpainting	Application of paint, ink or similar matter on the surface of the object aimed to modify the aesthetic of the artwork with regard to the artist’s intention. Not to be confused with the terms retouching and repainting (see section “Previous interventions”).	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	106	-
Soiling	deposit of a very thin layer of exogenous particles (e.g. soot) resulting in a localised change of colour of the surface. Soiling may have different degrees of adhesion to the substrate.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	107	-
Biofilm	Mono- to multi-layered microbial colony attached to surfaces with varying thickness of up to 2 mm. Often a biofilm consists of very few cells of different microorganisms embedded in large amounts of extracellular slime. These cohesive often sticky layers may shrink and expand according to the supply of water. Biofilms often create multicoloured biopatina by production of colouring agents. [b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	109	-
Biological colonisation	Colonisation by living organisms on an object which can lead to damage and/or deterioration. The growth can be caused by many types of living organisms, from the simplest ones (bacteria, fungi, lichens and algae) to the more complex ones like higher plants (trees and bushes) and animals (bird droppings and nesting). This can lead to the irreversible loss of value and/or information.[c] Related terms:  biodeterioration, biogrowth, microbiological Figure 11 deterioration.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	110	-
Burned	Having degraded or partially destroyed due to contact with fire.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	112	-
Corrosion	Chemical and physical degradation of architectural surfaces, stone or metal, caused by weathering or corrosive substances with which they come into contact.[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	113	-
Crust	Compact, hard, outer alteration layer adhering to the object. When the feature is clearly due to a precipitation process, the term encrustation may be used. [b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	114	-
Efflorescence	Accumulation of a powder or crystals, made up of soluble salts, on a surface. The migration of soluble salts and water evaporation lead to salt crystallisation on the surface. Salt efflorescence may point to salt accumulation beneath the surface (called subflorescence) which is potentially damaging. [c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	115	-
Exudation	Migration of a liquid substance to the surface of an object. Not to be confused with the consequence of condensation.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	116	-
Moist area	Surface affected by dampness, often corresponding to a darkened area of limited extend and clearly outlined. Localised tidemarks may form at the edges of liquid stains, on drying. [b] Related terms:  moist spot, moist zone or visible damp area.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	117	-
Patina	Natural alteration which appears at the surface due to ageing, use, handling, oxidation, and/or exposure to the environment. A patina can also be applied artificially. To the naked eye, patina has no noticeable thickness. [c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	118	-
Blistering	Separated, air-filled, raised hemispherical elevations on the surface resulting from the detachment of an outer layer, not related to the object structure. In some circumstances, it may be caused by soluble salts.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	120	-
Buckle	Wavy deformation.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	121	-
Deformation	Change or alteration of the original shape and/or dimensions of a material, without a breach of the continuity of its parts. It can be caused by environmental factors (e.g. humidity, heat produced by fire, direct influence of sunlight) or the use of  construction / conservation materials.[c] Related terms: shrinkage, swelling. 	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	122	-
Depression	Local concave deformation.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	123	-
Torsion	Twisting, distortion in shape around a single axis.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	124	-
Collapse	Falling down of an object occurring due to a lack of structural integrity.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	126	-
Cracking	Visible rupture (width > 0.15 mm), that extends through one or more layers, without a complete separation into parts. Cracking may result from environmental causes, vibrations, internal and/or external stresses, flaws, static problems, fire, frost, etc. [c] Related term:  fissure. Depending on the shape and size of the crack a specific term (e.g. hairline crack, wide crack, parallel crack, star crack, radial crack, spiral crack, etc.) may be used.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	127	-
Crumbling	Detachment of small fragments or aggregates of grains, generally limited in size (less than 2 cm), from the substrate. It can result from chemical, physical or biological deterioration and depends on the nature of the material and its environment.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	128	-
Delamination	Detachment along a natural line of weakness not necessarily orientated vertically. In delamination, mechanical overload is not noticeable.[b] Related term: exfoliation.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	129	-
Flaking	Detachment of small, flat, thin pieces of outer layers of an object or a surface (e.g. mural paintings). Flakes are smaller than scales (see:  scaling). It is usually a combination of adhesion loss and cracking.[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	130	-
Fracture	Complete separation into detached parts by rupture. Related term: splitting.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	131	-
Incision	Separation in the partial thickness of a material by a sharp-edged tool.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	132	-
Loss of cohesion	Detachment of fine particles, single grains or aggregates of grains. It can be caused by pressure, weathering or loss of binding agents.[b] Related terms:  disintegration, chalking, pulverization, powdering, crushing.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	133	-
Open joint	Gap between two components of an object which were previously fitted together.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	134	-
Scaling	Detachment of surface layers. Scales are larger than flakes (see: flaking).[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	135	-
Abrasion	Superficial loss or damage as a result of mechanical action due to friction. Visible effects of abrasion become gradually apparent over time.[c] Related terms:  wear, chafe	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	137	-
Alveolization	Formation of cavities on the surface (alveoles) which may be interconnected and have variable shapes and sizes (generally centimetric).[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	138	-
Cavity	A hollow space, most often caused by weathering, erosion, migration of soluble salts or by  other physical factors.[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	139	-
Erosion	Gradual loss of material by slow surface attrition or wear, usually caused by environmental factors (e.g. natural action of wind-blown particles). Erosion can lead to rounded and smoothed out shapes.[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	140	-
Lacuna	Missing part that causes a discontinuity across a surface, produced by accidents or by a loss of adhesion.[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	141	-
Loss	General term referring to any part of the object that, due to a variety of reasons, is no longer present.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	142	-
Perforation	A single or series of surface punctures, holes or gaps, usually made by a sharp tool or possibly created by an animal. The size is generally of millimetric to centimetric scale.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	143	-
Pitting	Point-like millimetric or submillimetric shallow cavities. The pits generally have a cylindrical or conical shape and are not interconnected. Pitting is usually due to partial or selective deterioration, biogenically or chemically induced. It may also result from a harsh or inappropriate abrasive cleaning method.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	144	-
Roughened / roughening	Selective loss of small particles from an originally smooth stone surface, due to a long term deterioration process or to inappropriate actions, such as aggressive cleaning.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	145	-
rounded / rounding	Effect of a preferential erosion of originally angular edges, leading to a distinctly rounded profile.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	146	-
Scratch	Manually induced superficial and line-like loss of material due to the action of some pointed object. It can be accidental or intentional.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	147	-
Chromatic alteration	Change of colour in one to three of the colour parameters: hue, value and chroma. Hue corresponds to the most prominent characteristic of a colour (blue, red, yellow, orange, etc). Value corresponds to the darkness (low hues) or lightness (high hues) of a colour. Chroma corresponds to the purity of a colour. Depending on the chromatic effect, a specific term (e.g. bleaching, blueing, greying, yellowing, fading, etc.) may be used.[b]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	149	-
Darkening	Change in the surface colour due to a decrease in value (reduction of visible light reflection). It can be due to a variety of reasons (e.g. deposits, local presence of humidity, biological colonisation, transformation of pigments or organic binders, ageing of consolidation materials, etc).[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	150	-
Fading	Chromatic alteration manifested as the weakening of chroma (and possibly a gain in value), which is generally the result of chemical reactions or exposure to direct sunlight.[c] Related term: bleaching.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	151	-
Staining	Change of colour of limited extent, resulting from the presence extraneous materials.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	152	-
White veil	Whitish haze forming over a surface, caused by a thin deposit of very fine particles.[c] Related term: bloom	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	153	-
Yellowing	Chromatic alteration manifested as a change in colour of the material, resulting in a yellowish hue. It can be due to a variety of reasons (e.g. very thin deposits, presence of yellow chemical products by microorganisms, biological colonisation, transformation of binding media, varnishes or other conservation materials, etc).[c]	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	154	-
Applied elements	Application of metal elements (e.g. clamps, screws, pitons,..) or possibly other elements (e.g. paper, etc.) to mitigate structural damage.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	156	-
Filling	Material intentionally added to fill a lacuna or a loss.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	157	-
Fixative	Evidence of material applied on the object to consolidate or protect the surface.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	158	-
Injection hole	Hole resulting from previous injections of adhesive or filling compound, as part of consolidation or re-adhesion operations.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	159	-
Repainting	Reconstruction of missing parts of the painting layers, by the artist itself or within a restoration.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	160	-
Retouching / inpainting	Application of paint in small lacunas or on a filling, aimed to restore the aesthetic instance of the object.	CAPuS project, 2020. Glossary, 168 pp. https://www.capusproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CAPuS-Glossary_EN-mono.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2023.	English	161	-
Aerosol art	Uso di bombolette spray nella realizzazione di graffiti o altre pitture murali.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Alteration art/artists	Guerriglia comunicativa basata sulla distorsione dei messaggi pubblicitari.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Arte contemporanea	Convenzionalmente, in Europa si definiscono così le correnti nate con le avanguardie artistiche del primo Novecento, mentre negli Stati Uniti quelle a partire, negli anni Quaranta, dall’Espressionismo astratto.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Arte rupestre	Pittura sulle pareti delle grotte, incisioni sulle rocce e così via di epoca preistorica.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Blockletter	Font e caratteri realizzati per tag e graffiti.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Bomber	Chi pratica il bombing.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Bombing	Letteralmente «bombardare» (di colore), riempire più spazio possibile di segni, tag e graffiti.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Brand	Marchio commerciale.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Break dance	Danza acrobatica nata a New York nei primi anni Settanta del XX secolo come espressione della cultura Hip hop.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Bubble style	Stile («a bolla») delle tag in cui le lettere appaiono molto gonfiate.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Crew	Squadra, gruppo di writer.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Culture jamming	In arte, tecnica di disturbo e manipolazione dei messaggi pubblicitari e dei media.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Dadaismo	Movimento artistico d’avanguardia del primo Novecento caratterizzato dallo spirito anarchico e dal rifiuto delle tecniche tradizionali.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Dripping	Tecnica di sgocciolamento del colore su una tela appoggiata sul terreno, associata soprattutto al pittore americano Jackson Pollock.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Espressionismo astratto	Corrente pittorica americana che si emancipa, intorno agli anni Quaranta del XX secolo, sia dalla rappresentazione della figura, sia dall’influenza delle avanguardie artistiche europee.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Fluxus	Movimento artistico internazionale neodadaista.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Getting up	L’atto di coprire un muro o un vagone della metropolitana con sigle o con forme più complesse.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Ghost sign	Traccia di vecchia pubblicità murale dipinta.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Graffiti art	Indica talvolta le mostre di graffiti (su tela o altri supporti) ospitate da una galleria.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Graffiti writing	Espressione usata nei primi anni Settanta a New York per definire le opere di quegli street artist che decidono di esporre nelle gallerie d’arte.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Graffito	Può indicare una pittura o incisione rupestre o anche una pittura contemporanea realizzata sul muro o altri spazi urbani pubblici (ponti, stazioni, treni).	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Hip hop	Stile culturale, nato nel 1973 a New York, diffuso tra giovani neri e latinos. Le sue espressioni originali sono le feste di strada (Block party), il rap, il DJing (uso di due giradischi contemporaneamente), la Break dance, il Writing ecc.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Land art	Qualsiasi tipo di espressione artistica realizzata in spazi aperti, solitamente non urbani.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Lettering	Tipo di design dei caratteri, ovvero delle lettere dell’alfabeto.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Masterpiece	Graffito di grandi dimensioni, molto elaborato.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Motion tag	L’uso delle pareti esterne di treni, vagoni della metropolitana ecc. come superfici per i graffiti, in modo da farli conoscere in diverse zone della città e altri luoghi.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Murale	Pittura di grandi dimensioni realizzata su muro o altre superfici urbane verticali.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Muralismo/muralisti	Corrente artistica (pittura) dell’inizio del Novecento nata in Messico per illustrare la storia delle culture precolombiane e le vicende della rivoluzione messicana.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Piece	Pezzo, inteso come opera, graffito.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Pop art	Corrente artistica americana ed europea in cui sono utilizzati e trasformati oggetti, simboli e icone della vita quotidiana.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Ready-made	Oggetti di uso comune usati da Duchamp e altri all’interno di una cornice artistica.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Stampa a plotter	Stampa digitale di grandi dimensioni.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Stencil	Tecnica grafica che permette di disegnare su una superficie verticale semplici sagome utilizzando una o più mascherine ritagliate. Si può realizzare sia con un colore spray, sia con un tampone imbevuto di colore.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Sticker	Adesivo.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Stickering	Espressione mutuata dal mondo della pubblicità. Gli sticker sono adesivi usati per pubblicizzare marchi commerciali. Nel caso della Street art, si tratta di immagini stilizzate e slogan, spesso a sfondo politico, attaccate su qualsiasi arredo urbano (lampioni, semafori, cartelli stradali ecc.).	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Street art	Qualsiasi forma di espressione artistica il cui significato e le cui pratiche sono pensati appositamente per le strade o altri spazi aperti urbani.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Tag	Sigla distintiva di un artista o di un gruppo di artisti. Col tempo la definizione si è allargata a composizioni di lettere non necessariamente riconducibili a una sigla.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Taggare	Realizzare tag e, quindi, firmare, siglare.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Tagger	Autore di tag.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
3d style	Stile delle tag in cui le lettere sono realizzate con un effetto tridimensionale.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Wild style	Lo stile che porta alla disgregazione della forma delle lettere, fino a farle diventare illeggibili. Spesso le lettere sono mescolate con oggetti.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Writer	Il termine nasce negli anni Settanta per indicare chi disegna o dipinge sui muri firme e sigle, dapprima piccole e successivamente più grandi, complesse e colorate.	Dal Lago, A., Giordano, S., 2016. Graffiti: Arte e ordine pubblico. Voci. il Mulino, Bologna, 194 pp.	Italian	Uncertain	-
Aerosol	a can with a spray device that releases liquid, such as paint, from inside the can	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Back-to-back	a term used by urban artists to describe graffiti that covers a wall from one side to the other	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Bombing	to thoroughly cover an area in graffiti	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Calligraphy	the art of producing beautiful or stylised handwriting and lettering	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Canvases	pieces of canvas fabric that have been stretched and prepared for artists to work on	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Dressing up	to cover an area, such as a door or wall, that has not been painted before	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Font	a specific style of lettering	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Freehand artist	an artist who paints without the guide of a device such as a stencil	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
King	an artist that is admired for his or her work and owns the most tags in a certain area	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Mark	to tag or write graffiti	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Paste-up	an extremely large sticker made by a graffiti artist and pasted onto a wall or other urban surface	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Piece	a term used by graffiti artists for a painting, which is actually short for masterpiece	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Run	the length of time a piece of graffiti remains on view to the public before it is covered up by other graffiti or removed	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Stencil	a sheet of material, such as paper or card, that has a design cut out of it	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Sticker	a type of non-permanent graffiti. The artist adds anything (from their tag to more elaborate pieces) onto adhesive stickers	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Tag	a graffiti artist's basic style of signature, a little like their own 'logo'	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
3D art	three-dimensional letters and images	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Throw-up	a graffiti term for an image that mostly consists of an outline and one fill-in colour	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Top-to-bottom	a piece that extends from the top-to-bottom of a train carriage, wall or building	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Acropolis	an ancient city built high on a hill in the Greek capital of Athens	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Anarchism	a state in which there are no rules or laws	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Anti-establishment	against the government and other powers that control society	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Authorities	the people who have the power to make decisions	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Berlin Wall	the wall that divided West Germany from East Germany from 1961 to 1989	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Bio-degradable	a term used to describe materials that rot away naturally	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Commercial graffiti artist	an artist who is paid to create graffiti art	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Commissioned	to be asked to create a piece of art on behalf of another person or organisation	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Controversial	something that is likely to cause disagreement	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Hip-hop	a style of music and dance that originated in the 1970s in the USA	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Israeli West Bank barrier	the separation barrier that was erected between Israel and Palestine from 2022 onwards	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Madonna	the Virgin Mary, who according to Christian belief is Jesus' mother	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Mayan	a race of people who lived in South America from 2000 BCE to 900 CE	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Murals	pictures painted on walls	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Palette	a range of colours	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
'Piece line' gates, Northern Ireland	the series of separation barriers constructed in Northern Ireland to divide Catholic and Protestant areas	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Political activist	someone who is involved in politics and seeks to bring about change	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Pompeii	the ancient Roman town near Naples in Italy that was destroyed in 79 CE after Mount Vesuvius erupted	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Race wars	fights between groups of people from different ethnic backgrounds	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Refugee	a person who seeks shelter in another country because he or she fears persecution based on race, religion or political beliefs	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Spoof	something that copies an original in a funny way	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Symbol	a picture that represents something else by association, for example, a dove is a symbol of peace	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Tamil	a person who originates from Southern India or North East Sri Lanka	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Underground	hidden or secret; not well known to many people	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Urban	relating to a city	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Vandalism	the malicious and intentional destruction of public or private property	Gogerly, L., 2013. Graffiti culture. Radar. Wayland, London, 32 pp.	English	31	-
Backjump	a graffiti piece painted on a train that is stationary but in service	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Bite	to steal the lettering or ideas of another writer	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Blackbook (or piecebook)	a writer's collection of photos or sketches	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Block	3D effect	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Blockbuster style	3D-effect lettering that covers as much of the background as possible	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Bombing	graffiti completed quickly, mainly tags and throw-ups	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Buff	to paint over or obscure graffiti with a single colour	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Burner	an outstanding graffiti piece	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Busted	caught by the police	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Cap	a spray can's plastic nozzle	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Character	a figure or cartoon used to decorate a piece (often in a funny or meaningful way)	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Cross	to deface a graffiti piece with a line or a tag	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Cut	to overpaint lines with the background colour to make them sharper	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
End-to-end	a train car sprayed with graffiti along its entire length	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Fatcap	cap designed for painting thick lines	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Fill-in	the colour(s) used to fill in letters	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Freestyle	graffiti completed without a sketch l	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Hall (of fame) piece	legally sprayed graffiti	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
King	the most highly regarded sprayer	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Linepiece	graffiti piece next to a train line	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Oldschool	1. an experienced writer, who has been spraying for a long time; 2. classic style from the 1970s and early 80s	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
One-liner	a tag or throw-up that is painted using one unbroken line	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Panel	a discrete graffiti piece on a train	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Rack	to steal	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Rollerpiece	a graffiti piece with letters (or outlines) created with paint rollers	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Rooftop	a graffiti piece painted while standing on the roof of a building	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Second outline (or keyline)	outlining an entire piece	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Skinnycap	cap designed for painting thin lines	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Softcap	cap for dust effects and soft fadings	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Standardcap	the industrial standard cap (which gives a fast, if fuzzy, line)	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Station	graffiti piece inside or near a train station	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Streetpiece	illegal piece in a street	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Tag	a writer's stylized signature, often Just a few letters long	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Throw-up	quick letter outlines, often filled with hatching or a single colour	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Top-to-bottom	a train car sprayed with graffiti for its entire height	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Toy	a beginner on the graffiti seen (or a derogative term for an experienced writer)	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Wholecar	a train car that has been completely covered in graffiti	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Wholetrain	a train completely covered in graffiti	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Writer	a graffiti sprayer	Ganter, C., 2013. Graffiti school: A student guide with teacher's manual. Thames & Hudson, London, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Aerosol	This is a pressure system that ensures the dispersion of a liquid. It has become the generic term for designating spray cans, as well as the type of paint (generally acrylic) they contain.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Anamorphosis	A technique consisting of making an image appear only when it is viewed from a specific point; beyond this viewpoint, the image is broken up or illegible.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Battles	Battles are organized meetings during which artists confront each other, size each other up, and battle for artistic supremacy, be it in dance (hip-hop), music (scratch, rap), or the artistic field of graffiti and togs. With the live execution of frescoes, battles become a spectacle. On stage, the actors do their best, and everything takes place in a playful mood, to the delight of the audience.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Black nook	The name of the books in which graffiti artists usually draw their works. They experiment, sketch, and produce miniature versions of their future projects in these books. Considered as almost sacred objects for some, they are similar to traditional art sketchbooks.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Block letters	Big, rectangular, very legible letters, most often painted with a roller.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Bubble letters	Letters in rounded, bubble form.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Caps	These are caps adapted for aerosol cans that serve to vaporize the paint. All sorts of caps exist and produce different results, from very fine to very thick lines (fat cops).	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Collage	Originally made with rice- or flour-based glue, collage posters are one of the least damaging forms of street art.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Crew	Individuals from the same collective come together under this name. Synonyms such as "team" or "group" are rarely used in the context of street art.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Fresco	Generally on a woll, this large-scale intervention, which is not necessarily narrative, is made by one or two experienced artists.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Graffiti	While it derives from the Greek word graphein ("to write, to draw, to paint"), the word is inspired more by the Italian sgraffito, which is an old artistic technique consisting of engraving a design or an inscription in a fine layer of plaster. Its current usage derives from, among others, the photographer Brassaï and the American press, which used it for naming tags and then frescoes on trains at the beginning of the movement in the 1970s.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	184	-
Hall Of Fame	Or in this case "wall of fame," the term designates the walls or other locations that feature works by recognized artists.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Installation	ln contemporary art, the term designates the production of a work that is adapted to the space it occupies. More and more street artists produce this type of intervention by adapting their art exactly to the surfaces it occupies and by broadening their skills to become sculptors, video artists, or even builders.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Mural	Large-scale commissioned works, visible most often on urban walls.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
New school	New generation, "new times," and "new style" can also be employed to describe a beginner.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Old school	Designates the old school represented by the first generation of graffiti artists, as well as the graffiti style associated with it.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Posca	A brand of marker pens with foam nibs, used for tagging. They are made in a range of widths and colors. Even if other labels exist, the name has become generic in the same way as "Hoover." (These marker pens can also be filled with other inks in order to better withstand weather conditions and cleaning).	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Post-graffiti	Designates work that is no longer made in the street, but on a surface that can be sold. Imagined in 1983 by Dolores Neumann as the title for an exhibition she organized in the Sidney Janis Gallery in New York, the term is used almost exclusively in the commercial market.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Reverse graffiti	Instead of adding material (for example, paint), existing material is taken away (often built-up dirt). It is environmentally friendly graffiti but is still illegal, however, because the surface has to be totally cleaned in order to get rid of it.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Sticker	Mode from paper or vinyl with an adhesive surface, it allows the artist to stick small works or messages up very quickly and in the most unexpected places.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Tag	Originally the street artist's signature, often drawn with a Posca. It accompanies a work, or is written on its own to indicate that its author has passed by, and thus becomes a work in its own right.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Toy	In street art, the word designates collectible figurines. As with many objects, they are more or less rare, and can measure up to 3 ½ feet (one meter) in height. Generally produced in molded plastic, toys permitted the creation of the first street art sculptures.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Urban contemporary art	A new way of naming street art, in order to link the practice with its artistic and market value.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Vandal	Term used by detractors to denounce taggers and graffiti artists who, above all, seek to destroy or damage. The term "vandalism", by extension, serves to define the final result of the action executed in this manner.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Wild style	Very complex lettering that can be read only by the initiated few. An important graffiti discipline, wild style lent its name to the first film on street art.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Writers	Before institutions and the media gave the name "graffiti" to tags and frescoes, the field's actors defined themselves as ''writers", producing ''writing" during their illegal excursions.	Catz, J., 2014. Talk about street art. Talk about. Flammarion, Paris, 256 pp.	English	185	-
Aérosol	Il s'agit du système de pression servant à assurer la dispersion d'un liquide. C'est devenu un terme générique pour désigner les bombes autant que le type de peinture (généralement de l'acrylique) qu'elles contiennent	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Art contemporain	Nouvelle dénomination pour parler du street art, de manière à bien faire le lien entre cette pratique et sa valeur artistique et marchande.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Anamorphose	Technique qui consiste à faire apparaître une image lorsqu'on la regarde d'un point de vue unique bien particulier; hors du repère, l'image est décomposée ou illisible.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Battles	Littéralement «batailles», les battles sont des rencontres organisées, lors desquelles les artistes se confrontent, se jaugent et se disputent une suprématie artistique. Que ce soit en danse (hip-hop), en musique (scratch, rap), ou dans le champ artistique du graffiti et du tag. Avec la réalisation de fresques en direct, les battles deviennent des spectacles. Les acteurs, mis en scène, donnent alors le meilleur d'eux-mêmes et tout se passe dans un esprit bon enfant, pour le plus grand bonheur des spectateurs.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Bombes	Bombes aérosol de peinture. C'est avec elles que l'on réalise la plupart des peintures murales ou certains tags. Elles existent dans une grande palette de couleurs.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Black book	Nom des carnets dans lesquels les graffeurs ont l'habitude de dessiner leurs réalisations. C'est là qu'ils cherchent, ébauchent et réalisent en miniature leurs futures œuvres ; objets presque sacrés pour certains, ils s'apparentent aux cahiers d'esquisses dans l'art traditionnel.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Black letters	Grosses lettres de formes rectangulaires, très lisibles, le plus souvent effectuées au rouleau.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Bubble letters	Lettres aux formes très arrondies.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Caps	Ce sont les embouts adaptés à l'aérosol servant à vaporiser la peinture ; il existe toutes sortes de caps en fonction des traits que l'on veut réaliser, du très fin au très large (les fat caps).	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Crew	« Équipe, groupe». C'est sous ce mot que se rassemblent les individus d'une même bande. Le synonyme team n'est presque jamais utilisé dans le monde du street art.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Collage	Réalisés à l'origine avec de la colle à base de farine ou de riz, les collages d'affiches sont une des formes de street art les moins dégradantes.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Fresque	Généralement sur un mur, pas forcément narrative, cette intervention d'envergure est réalisée par un ou plusieurs artistes confirmés.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Graffiti	S'il est issu du grec graphein («écrire, dessiner, peindre »), le mot vient davantage de l'italien sgraffito, qui est une ancienne technique artistique consistant à graver, dans une fine couche de plâtre, un dessin ou une inscription. Son emploi actuel est dû – entre autres – au photographe Brassaï, et à la presse américaine qui l'a utilisé pour dénommer les tags, puis les fresques sur les trains, au début du mouvement dans les années 1970.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Graffeur	Personne qui réalise des graffitis (on ne dit jamais «graffiteur»).	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Hall of fame	Littéralement «hall des célébrités», par extension « mur de la célébrité», désigne les murs ou plus largement les lieux recouverts par des artistes reconnus.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Installation	Dans l'art contemporain, cela désigne la réalisation d'une œuvre dans l'espace en tenant compte du lieu qui l'accueille; de plus en plus d'artistes de street art réalisent ce type d'interventions en s'adaptant exactement aux surfaces qu'ils investissent, et en multipliant leurs champs de compétences pour devenir sculpteurs, vidéastes ou même constructeurs...	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	176	-
Mural	S'emploie dans l'expression «réaliser un mural», définit des œuvres commissionnées et de grande taille, visibles sur des murs le plus souvent urbains.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
New school	«Nouvelle génération, nouvelle époque» et «nouveau style», peut aussi s'employer pour désigner un débutant.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Old school	Désigne l'ancienne école représentée par la première génération de graffeurs, en même temps que le style de graffiti qui y est associé.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Posca	Enseigne de marqueurs à embouts en mousse, utilisés pour taguer. Ils se déclinent en différentes couleurs et largeurs. Même si d'autres marques existent, le nom est devenu générique, au même titre que Frigidaire. (Ces marqueurs peuvent aussi se remplir avec d'autres encres de manière à mieux résister aux intempéries ou au nettoyage.)	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Post graffiti	D´signe le travail qui n'est plus fait dans la rue, mais sur un support pouvant être vendu. Imaginé en 1983 par Dolores Neumann comme le titre de l'exposition qu'elle organise à la galerie Sydney Janis à New York, le terme est utilisé presque uniquement dans le milieu de la vente.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Reverse-graffiti	«Graffiti en négatif». Au lieu de rajouter de la matière (par exemple, de la peinture), on enlève celle qui existe déjà sur un support (souvent, la saleté accumulée). C'est du graffiti écolo mais tout de même interdit puisqu'il faut nettoyer le support en entier pour pouvoir tout faire disparaître.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Sticker	«Autocollant». Réalisé sur papier ou vinyle avec une face adhésive, il permet de coller de petites œuvres ou des messages, très rapidement, et dans les endroits les plus inattendus.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Tag	à l'origine, c'est la signature d'un street artiste, souvent réalisée au Posca. Elle vient accompagner une œuvre, ou bien se décline seule pour signaler le passage de son auteur, devenant une œuvre en soi.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Toy	«Jouet». Dans le street art, le mot désigne des figurines à collectionner. Comme beaucoup d'objets, celles-ci sont plus ou moins rares, et peuvent varier en taille pour atteindre un mètre de haut. Généralement en plastique moulé, les toys ont permis d'imaginer les premières sculptures des street artistes.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Vandal	Utilisé pour dénoncer les tagueurs et graffeurs qui agissent, avant tout, pour détruire ou pour dégrader, le terme vandal sert par extension à définir le résultat de l'action réalisée de cette manière.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Wild style	Lettrage très complexe, dont la lecture est réservée aux initiés. Discipline majeure du graffiti, le wild style a donné son nom au premier film sur le street art.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Writers (avec un seul t)	Avant que l'institution et les médias ne posent le mot «graffiti» sur les tags et les fresques, les acteurs de ce milieu se définissaient comme des writers («ceux qui écrivent»), faisant du writing lors de leurs excursions illégales.	Catz, J., 2015. Street art. Le Guide. Œuvres phares, notions clés, idées neuves, dates repères. Flammarion, Paris, 224 pp.	French	177	-
Advertisements	Acts or processes of advertising.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Anonymous	Not named or identified.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Consumerism	The belief that it is good for people to spend a lot of money on goods and services.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Distorted	Twisted out of a natural, normal, or original shape or condition.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Graffiti	Usually unlawful writing or drawing on a public surface.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Illegal	Against the law.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Installation	A work of art consisting of different components shown in a large space.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Laser	A device that uses the natural vibrations of atoms to make a narrow beam of light.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
LEDs	Electronic devices that give off light when electricity is applied.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Madonna	The mother of Jesus Christ.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Optical illusion	Something that deceives the eye by appearing to be other than it is.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Political	Involving, concerned with, or accused of acts against a government or political system.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Projectors	Machines for projecting an image or pictures upon a surface	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Studio	The working place of an artist.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Vandalism	Intentional destruction or damage to property.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
Wavelength	An electromagnetic wave used to send signals through the air without using wires.	Wood, A., 2015. Urban street art. But is it art? Gareth Stevens Publishing, New York, 32 pp.	English	30	-
All city	Can refer to a crew or a writer. Means to go all over the city, in an effort to cover the most with the best.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Background	The colors or designs that sit behind the letters. Originally done to discern the letter from the miscellaneous tags and whatever lies beneath the artwork to make it stand out.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Back in the day	Means old school or when the writer first started his career.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Back to back	Graffiti art that is connected from end to end all the way across a wall, or a train, or even a fence.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Battle	When two writers or crews go against each other in a challenge to see who is best. It can be a skills battle or a getting up battle, or a mix of both. Sometimes a neutral judge, a group of peers, or an outside crew or writer decides who wins.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Beef	Disagreement or conflict between two or more people.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Bench	An area where writers congregate, either to share blackbooks, or to discuss graffiti, i.e., “writers’ bench.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Bite	To copy another writer’s style, and then claim it as your own. Everyone borrows styles, from all sorts of visual material and from each other, especially when starting out, but few good veteran writers bite.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Blackbook	A graffiti artist sketchbook, sometimes called a “piece book.” It is often used to collect other writers’ tags, and future plans for bombing, and piecing.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Blockbuster	Huge block letters, big and square, designed to take up as much space as possible, larger than a throw-up and used many times to cover another writer’s work.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Bomb	The action of doing graffiti. Putting up your tag, or doing throwups, and/or piecing in a certain area. “Jimmy is bombing that wall.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Bubble letter	A style of graffiti letters, balloonish and rounded in shape, easily rendered and relatively basic. Used primarily for throw-ups.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Buff	To remove graffiti from public spaces with chemicals and other materials, or to paint over graff on walls with a flat color.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Burn	To beat any and all competition with your style. Also a descriptive term, as “that piece burns.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Burner	A full-fledged piece, heavily detailed. Large, full blown, with multiple color fills, background, characters, wildstyle letters, etc.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Burning	Any graffiti artwork that has not been removed, or covered up, that is still running.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Caps	The interchangeable spray can nozzles fitted to the can to modify the width of the spray. Caps come both fat and skinny, and countless types in between. Also referred to as “tips.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Character	An illustrated figure added to a piece to add emphasis or push the idea of the burner forward. Sometimes the character takes the place of a letter in the piece.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Cloud	A background element used frequently in pieces. Tightly rendered, they can appear as bubbles, or loosely rendered as faded areas of color.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Computer style	A particular type of wildstyle that looks very angular, and has “digital” qualities, or resembles the renderings one would define as being “technological” or “robotic” in nature.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Crazy	Wild and imaginative. Going to the extreme. “That is a crazy style!”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Crew	A loosely knit band of graffiti writers, a clique. Crews are not gangs, although sometimes confused as such. Many times writers are members of more than one crew at any particular time.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Crossing out	To scribble over or write on top of someone else’s name. Considered highly disrespectful.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Cutting lines	A painting technique used on characters and the fills of letters to create sharp edges and very thin lines. Thinner than lines made by skinny caps.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Ccutting tips	A way to cut standard tips, modifying them to create distorted flair effects.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Def	Meaning really, really, good. “That style is def!”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Designs	Style elements that go inside your letters on top of your fillins. Things such as polka dots, bubbles, stars, swirl patterns.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Dis	Short for the word disrespect. To insult.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Dope	Another term used to indicate the level of cool. “That is sooo dope.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Down	To indicate whom you are connected to or with. To be a part of the group, or OK with the idea. “Oh, we are so down with them.” Or, “I’m down with that.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Drips	Stylized drips added to a piece or letters to add effects.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
End to end	When a piece covers a surface, whether that is a train, bus or a wall, from one end to the other with no breaks.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Fade	To blend or mix colors.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Faded	To get intoxicated or high. Can also mean that you got disrespected. “Yo, he got faded by homeboy.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Fame	The ultimate prize for a writer. It’s what a writer gets when he is consistently getting up. Fame is primarily focused within the graffiti subculture, but many times an artist breaks the mold and gets mainstream recognition.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Fan spray	A stock tip on spray paint cans, which sprays in a fan pattern that can be adjusted. Useless for detailed can control, but great for abstract effects.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	123	-
Female tips	A relatively new type of spray can tip. Referred to as a “female” because the can has a “male” counterpart. Traditional cans are the other way around.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Fill	Sometimes called “fill-ins.” The color patterns inside of the letters of a piece or throw-up.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Five-O	Slang term for the police.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Flat	Letter style, where the letters appear essentially flat—no 3-D, no shadow, little graphic effects. Essentially straight, legible, one-dimensional letters.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Flicks	Pictures, prints of photos of graffiti.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Fresh	Something that is equally new, cool and good.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Front	As in “to front.” To hassle someone, or to want to want to fight someone. Also means when an individual keeps up a mask, or a false exterior. “Oh, he got his front up.” Also can mean when someone is trying to impress another with things they can’t afford. “Hey, he’s trying to front on you with that fake stuff.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Front letter	A letter with a proper face on it where fill-ins can be added. There is a clear distinction between what is and what isn’t 3-D. Also called “face letters.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Gallery	Areas that are secluded from the public view, but are popular with graffiti artists. This is an area where the artist’s work will stay up for a long time.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Getting over	Succeeding at one’s designated task.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Getting up	To hit up a surface, any surface, with any form of graffiti, whether that is a tag or a full-blown burner.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Going over	To paint over another’s graffiti with your own, with the idea that yours is better. There is a hierarchy of sorts: a throw-up can go over a tag, a piece over a throw-up, and a burner over a piece. It’s unacceptable for a throw-up to go over a burner. That is disrespectful.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Graphics	Adding extra shading to a character or piece for more realistic three-dimensional effects.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Hand style	An artist’s handwriting or tagging style.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Head	As in “graff head,” a person who is really into graffiti art.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Hit up	The action of tagging up a surface with paint or inks.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Hitting up the heavens	Pieces or tags that are done in very hard to reach areas. Because of the nature of the spot, they are especially dangerous to execute and also dangerous to remove. May lead to death if an accidental slip or fall occurs.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Homemade	A handcrafted marker made from old deodorant containers or baby food bottles, stuffed with felt chalkboard erasers and filled with permanent ink.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Kill	The action of getting up in a major way, to bomb intensely in a certain area.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
King	A writer who has mastered the art form. Can also mean the writer who has the best with the most. In some cases a king can be only in certain areas: king of styles, king of throw-ups, king of a certain line.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Legals	A graffiti piece or a production that is done explicitly with permission.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Mad	A quantitative comment, having an obscene amount. “Scape has mad styles.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Magnum	A very popular type of fat marker.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Mean streak	A popular opaque and waterproof paint stick.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Miscellaneous	A critical term, when a piece appears to not have balance and symmetry, the letters look “miscellaneous” and slapped together with no forethought.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Mop	An oversized type of marker used explicitly for tagging and markmaking. Usually handmade. See Homemade.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Motion tagging	Writing on a surface that is in motion, or when you are in motion.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Mural	Large-scale type of piecing, done on a wall. Top to bottom, and end to end. Sometimes called a “production.” Encompasses all the elements of a burner, only bigger.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
New school	A general term used to refer to the contemporary era of writing. Generally refers to the 80s forward, but it can vary depending on whom you ask.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
New york fats	Old school spray can tip still in wide use. Great allpurpose cap, and great for flair effects.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
New york skinny	Spray can tips usually borrowed from Krylon Workable Fixatif. Used because of the fantastic line they produced. Opened up a whole new world of can control.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Old school	A general term used to refer to an earlier time of writing. Generally refers to the 1970s and 1980s, but can also be a decade reference, meaning a writer in 2007 may refer to the 1990s as old school, and a writer from the 1990s may refer to the 1980s as old school, and so on.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Outline	Sometimes called a sketch, the drawing done in a piece book prior to doing an actual piece. Also the final outline done around a piece to complete it.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Paint eater	An unprimed surface, sometimes wood or concrete, that is very porous and soaks up standard spray paint. Surfaces like these need to be primed.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Paperboy	A young artist that only does his work on paper, in his blackbook. Has yet to graduate to public surfaces.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Phantom caps	Another term for what are considered New York skinny caps. Usually taken from Krylon Workable Fixatif spray cans.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
Piece	Short for “masterpiece,” requiring more time than a throw-up. Incorporates 3-D effects, many style elements, color patterns and the like. Characters and symbols are also used.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	124	-
To piece	The action of going out to paint graffiti, but not tagging.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Piecer	A writer who has abandoned tagging and strictly goes out to piece.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Piece book	A graffiti writer’s sketchbook, where his sketches, outlines, and ideas are kept. Also called a “black-book.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Production	A graffiti masterpiece on a very large scale. Bigger than a burner, usually requiring the talents of multiple graffiti artists over a length of time, whether a few days or a few weeks.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Props	Getting respect.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Rack	To steal art supplies.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Roll call	To tag up everyone’s name in a particular crew, or writing out the list of artists that helped in creating the piece. Added to the side of the piece.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Roller	Large piece done with a paint roller as opposed to spray paint.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Rollers	Slang term for the police. “Here come the rollers!”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Run	The length of time a graffiti piece remains up before being removed.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Scriber	A tagging instrument, made from drillbits, sharp metal, or found objects. Used to physically engrave one’s name onto a surface. Considered by many to have little artistic merit and is purely mass destruction.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Scrub	A writer who is simply not that good. Not to be confused with a “toy,” which is a beginner. A scrub has been at it for a while and is still not very skilled.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Sick	Very, very good, both at technique and style. “Johnny has sick style.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Sidebusting	To paint your name right next to someone else who was there first.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Silvers	A piece or a throw-up with only silver for a fill-in.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Slash	To put a tag, or a blemish, a line, a mark out, over someone’s piece. Considered a form of disrespect.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Stencil tips	Shell type of attachment that goes over the cap area of a spray can. It has a tiny hole cut into it, and is used to create needle-thin spray paint lines. The old school method was to handmake them. Today they can be bought in a store.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Stickers	Considered a form of tagging. Most commonly saying, “Hello my name is,” but can be any type of illustration placed on a sticker and plastered all over the public sphere.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Straights	Straight-edged, blocky, and easy-to-read graffiti letters. A very simple style.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Tag	A writer’s signature, his “nom de plume.” For example, “Scape” is my tag. The most basic form of graffiti, it is essentially the writer’s logo. Can also be the action of signing your name, as in “to tag.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Tagger	Also called “tagbangers,” a combination of the words “tagger” and “gangbanger.” They only tag but never piece. Not considered true writers or artists by other graff writers and are mostly considered a hindrance and a negative influence.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Tagging up	The act of writing your “tag” or signature on a surface.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
3-D	An added dimension of style, a three-dimensional style added for a realistic effect to letters.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Throw-up	Your name in quickly drawn bubble letters with one or two colors and an outline. Done VERY quickly. Used to cover space, grab attention, and show that you were there.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Throwie	Contemporary term for a throw up.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Top to bottom	Originally meaning a piece that covered a train car from the top to the bottom. These days it can also pertain to a wall or a building, many times becoming synonymous with a “mural.”	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Toy	When a writer first starts out he is considered a toy. But as a writer continues his path it becomes a derogatory term for an unskilled or weak artist.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Ultra wide	Any marker that is about an inch and a half in width. It is also is refillable.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Up	When a writer is very active and has work appear regularly in many areas.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Virgin	A pristine untouched white wall. “That wall is virgin.” Also, a young writer who has yet to paint on a wall with spray paint.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Wack	Refers to an ugly style, when something is sub-standard or looks weak.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Weak	A style or artist that doesn’t stand out. Lacking boldness in his efforts. See WACK.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
White wash	To cover a tagged wall with a layer of house paint in order to prep it for your work.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Whole car	A collaborative effort where a whole train car is covered from top to bottom and end to end.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Whole train	Like a whole car, but covering an entire train. A collaborative effort.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Wildstyle	An elevated style of letters, with lots of arrows, connections, and complex color patterns. Difficult to master, and entirely unreadable.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Writer	Someone who practices the art of graffiti.	Martinez, S., 2011. Graff 2: Next Level Graffiti Techniques. F+W Media, Cincinnati, 128 pp.	English	125	-
Bite	To copy another writer’s style.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Blockbuster	A graffito with wide letters that extends from end to end on a subway car below the level of the car’s window.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Bomb	The term for when a writer creates so many graffiti works that his or her work is noticed because of its quantity.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Buff	The term for when graffiti is removed.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Burn	The term for when a writer or crew tags an area before fellow writers.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Cap	A nozzle on a spray paint can; it can be either fat or skinny depending on the size of the spray the cap produces.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Crew	A group of writers who band together to create graffiti.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Crossing out	Adding something to another writer’s work, crossing it out, or defacing it. Such acts show disrespect to the original artist.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Getting up	The term for when artists are noticed because they have so many signed graffiti.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Hit	A generic term for any graffiti piece.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Kill	What happens when one area is covered excessively with graffiti.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
King	A graffiti artist considered the best in the style he or she works in.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Piece book or black book	The book in which artists sketch their works and the works of other artists.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Racking or racking up	Another term for shoplifting; some writers steal their paint supplies, either because they cannot afford them or they are trying to establish cred.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Tag	As a noun, it refers to the name a graffiti artist signs on his work; as a verb, it means to create a piece of graffiti on any surface.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Throw-up	A graffiti work that has to be done speedily so the artist is not caught doing it.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
Writer	Anyone who creates graffiti.	Collins, A., 2018. Graffiti: Vandalism or art? Eye on Art. Lucent Press, New York, 112 pp.	English	48	-
3D	Lettering style. Created by FLINT 707 and PISTOL, this particular technique gives two-dimensional painted letters the appearance of 3D depth. It can be combined with other styles for added complexity, for example with Wild Style.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
Activism	Behavior or practice based on direct and militant actions in connection with one's personal beliefs, principles, goals. In Graffiti, it designates people's strong commitment to the movement and to its development.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
Alias	Assumed name, word or term, used instead of another. In Graffiti, it is chosen for its facility to be memorized in the "fame game", its rapidity of execution on the city trains and walls, as well as a way to guarantee a writer's hidden identity.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
All City	The status of a writer, a crew, famous throughout a city. A writer starts by being "up", the most prolific and talented ones become "all city".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
Back to back	Throw-ups or pieces painted one after the other on one wall or surface.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
Background	In Graffiti, the background is a crucial way to homogenize a surface, in order to give a piece its depth and visibility. It is an essential phase in the execution of a mural.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
Battle	In Graffiti, a battle is a contest among writers or crews, to determinate those with the best style. A battle can last anywhere from a few hours to a full day.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	402	-
Getting up Battle	A contest among writers or crews over a period of time that can last anywhere from a few days to a month, to determinate who can execute the largest number of tags across a city. Participants must provide compensation to the winners based on previously agreed terms, usually in the form of money or supplies, like paint.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
Bite	highly criticized practice in which one writer copies another writer's style. Plagiarism.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
Black Book	See Piece Booke	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
To Blend	Technical term. Applying the paint so two colors transition smoothly from one another.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
Blockbuster	Lettering Style based on large-sized square-shaped elements, which usually come in two-color combinations. BLADE and COMET claim its invention. Easy to execute, this style is used to do large pieces quickly, and often times to cover up other writers' pieces.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
To Bomb	To paint pieces, using spray-cans, in many locations. The term implies proliferation.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
Bubble Letters	Lettering Style. These round-shaped, bubble-like letters were created by PHASE 1 in the early days of Graffiti. They're often used as throw-up letters to save time.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
To Buff	Verb. In the Graffiti world, to buff means to erase, eradicate. To buff is to remove painted graffiti with chemicals and other instruments, or to paint over it with a flat color. The verb appeared when New York's MTA started cleaning its trains, starting a war against graffiti, and is also used when a piece is "buffed" from a wall by city personnel.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
Burner	Noun, slang. Is said of an excellent piece, one that "burns", with highly visible and striking colors that give depth and impact to the work. Originally used to define the best Wildstyle window-down pieces. Also used to qualify the winner of a style competition.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	403	-
Caps	Interchangeable spray-can nozzles. Each writer owns a variety of caps in order to adapt his cans to his needs. Each cap brings a different quality to the stroke, ranging in thickness, density and style, from skinny caps to fat caps, often called softballs because of the wide and soft-looking spray they produce.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Cloud	Technical term. Style decoration born in the early days of Graffiti. A painted cloud helped a tag stand out from the other tags.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Computer Style	Technical term. Lettering style belonging to the Wild Style category, creating a pixel effect.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Crazy	Adverb, slang. A synonym for "really".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Crew	Group of writers. Often reduced to two or three letters. A writer can have belonged to different crews. Specialized website list thousands of crews. Most notably: FC (Fame City), OTB (Out to Bomb), CIA (Crime In Action, Crazy Inside Artists), TNT (The Nations Top. The Nasty Team), TPA (The Public Animals), PIC (Partners in Crime), TFF (The Fabulous Five), TMT (The Magnificent Team), UA (United Artists).	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
CTA	Chicago Transit Authority.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Culture Jamming	Appropriation of existing mass media (e.g. billboards, ads and posters) to subvert the original meaning/message. Motivated by the idea that advertising is a form of propaganda.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Cutting Lines	Technical term. Technique based on very thin lines.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Def	Adjective, slang. Term born in the early days of Hip Hop culture. Built upon phonetic for Death, it means "really good".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Dope	Adjective, slang. In Hip Hop culture, stands for "cool".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	404	-
Down	To be in good terms with, to have a bond. "He's down with us"	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Drip	A drip running down a letter can be one of two things. Done unintentionally, it betrays the work of a beginner or poor writer. Executed on purpose and with control, it becomes a styling effect.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Fade	Style effect. To blend one color into another adjacent one; to lighten progressively the intensity of a color.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Fame	Level of recognition a writer earns with his tag.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Fanzine	Type of magazine done by fans of a given topic. ln the movement, fanzines mong before the birth of the Internet, played a key-role in the propagation of Graffiti images, and in the knowledge and culture around the movement, and were instrumental in a writer's status. Phase 2 launched the first Graffiti fanzine: lnternational Graffiti Times.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Fat	Adjective, slang. Used instead of ''thick", as well as for "good". Also spelled "phat".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Fill	Noun. Colored surface inside a letter in a piece	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Fresh	An early hip-hop term synonym for "cool". Stands for a "really good" graffiti.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
To Get Up	To execute a large quantity of tags.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Giraffiti	Noun. Also known as "heaven spot" or "heavens". A giraffiti is a piece executed above usual heights or in a difficult place to reach. It increases an artist's fame.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	405	-
Guerilla art	One of the Graffiti movement's given names, in connection with the important dedication to the movement that being a writer requires.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
Hacktivism	An expression merging the words "hacking"' et "activism"; a policy of hacking or creating technology to achieve a political or social goal.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
To Heaven Hard	To reach high areas such as freeway signs and the roofs or upper floors or buildings.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
Hip Hop	Cultural, artistic, and protest-based movement, born in the Bronx, New York, during the early 70s.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
To Hit	Tu tag up any surface with paint or ink.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
Hit up	Noun or verb. When something is covered with tags. To tag.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
Homemade	A type of homemade marker made out of various containers filled with ink. Homemades have been made out of many things, including deodorant containers. Shoe polish kits are also sometimes used s for tagging, especially those that consist of a bottle with a brush/sponge device attached, etc.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
Insides	Originally referred to tags made on the insides of subway trains.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	406	-
IRT	The lnterborough Rapid Transit Company was the private operator of the original underground New York City Subway line that opened in 1904, as well as earlier elevated railways and additional rapid transit lines in New York City. The IRT was purchased by the City, in June 1940. The former IRT lines (the numbered lines in the current subway system) are now the A Division or IRT Division of the Subway. It is a train line in New York that had many burners because its cars were all flats.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
To Kill	To hit or bomb excessively. To get up intensively.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
King	Noun. The best with the most. Some people refer to different writers as king of different areas. King of thro-ups, king of style, king of a certain line, etc. Before being a king, you start as a toy, and might move up to being a knight.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
Landmark	A highly considered location where graffiti is not erased immediately.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
Married Couple	An older subway term from New York, designating two cars permanently attached and identified by their consecutive numbers.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
Mob	Whole crew doing graffiti on a wall at the same time.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
MTA	Metropolitan Transit Authority is responsible for public transportation in the state of New York carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekdays systemwide, and over 800,000 vehicles on its nine toll bridges and tunnels per weekday.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
Mural	Large-scale painting on a whole wall; usually a large production involving one or two pieces and usually some form of characters.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
Old-school	Adjective. A reference to the early days of writing, and more generally to the Hip Hop culture from the mid 70s to mid 80s. Old-school writers are given respect for being there when it all started, and specific writers are remembered for creating specific styles.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	407	-
Outline	Drawing done in a piece book in preparation for a definitive piece. Also called a "sketch". Can also refer to the outline put on the wall and then filled, or the final outline done around the piece to finish it.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Panel piece	A painting located below the windows and between the doors of a subway car.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Piece	Important graffiti painting, short for masterpiece with at least three colors to be considered as such.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Piece book	Sketchbook that every writer carries around at all times. Also called "black book" or "writer's bible". Writers prepare and practice their sketches in detail, in order to be ready, day of, to execute the actual piece as fast as possible.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Pixação	Distinctive form of graffiti born in São Paulo, Brazil, based on triangular long vertical letters.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Props	Means "respect", comes from "proper respect''. This hip-hop/rap term has made its way into common usage.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Repression	City authorities have Graffiti, is used for actions made to slow down and eradicate tagging and graffiti in public spaces. Repression can go from fines to jail time. Most of the writers have been the victims of intense repression and have experienced jail time.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Ridgy	Subway car with corrugated, stainless steel sides, unsuitable for graffiti. Writers did mainly two-color throw-ups and some top-to-bottom throw-ups (one color and silver because silver was hard to buff) on these types of cars. Ridgies ran in Brooklyn.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Silkscreen	Noun. Printing technique that uses a screen of silk or other fine mesh to support an ink-blocking stenciI. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. Paint is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas. Also called "screen printing" or "serigraphy".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	408	-
Stencil	Noun. Stencil technique in visual art is also referred to as ''pochoir". See page 289.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	409	-
Style	Specific lettering technique, comparable to a font, often developed and/or perfected by specific writers, i.e. Bubble Letters, Wild Style, Broadway Style.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	409	-
Subvertising	Spoofs or parodies of corporate and political advertisements to make a statement. This can take the form of a new image or an alteration to the existing image. A subvertisement can also be a part of social hacking or culture jamming.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	409	-
Subway	Noun. Underground public transportation system.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	409	-
Supplies	Brushes, bombs, caps, buckets, markers, everything a writer needs to create a piece.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	409	-
Tag	Nickname or alias for a writer in the street. All Graffiti writers have one. It is used as a brand of sorts, and used as a form of identity, like a signature. It is the most basic graffiti form, a writer's signature with marker or spray paint. It is the writer's logo. his/her stylized personal signature. If a tag is long it is sometimes abbreviated to the first two letters or the first and last letter of the tag. Also may be ended with the suffixes "one", "ski", "rock", "em" and "er". Also can be turned into a logo.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	410	-
Tag Banging	Graffiti term. Using violence to defend a tag.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	410	-
Tagger	Graffiti term. Usually used to differentiate the people who only do tags, from writers who do pieces and have more elaborate and creative goals.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	410	-
Throw-up	Rapidly executed pieces. Also called a throwie.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	410	-
Top-to-bottom	Graffiti noun. Piece that extends from the top to the bottom of a subway car, completely covering it. Can also refer to a wall or building that has been pieced from top-to-bottom. The first top-to-bottom car is said to have been completed in 1975, by HONDO.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	410	-
Toy	Graffiti noun or verb. Is said of a new, inexperienced, incompetent writer, or of an older writer who still does poor work. An old saying originally gives "TOYS" as an acronym for "trouble on your system". Also designates the act of "toying" someone else's graffiti to disrespect it by means of going over it. "Toys" is often added above or directly on a "toy" work. An acronym meaning "Tag Over Your Shit".	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	410	-
Train	Refers to a subway train.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Wack	Noun; Street Art slang. Below the level one might expect. Anything that looks weak. Badly formed letters, incompetent fills, dumb tags, etc.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Wheatpasting	(also called flyposting in the UK): Street Art technique.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Whole car	Graffiti piece covering a whole car. See also "top-to-bottom". FUTURA 2000 was considered one of the whole car masters, as were CAINE 1 in 1976 and THE FABULOUS FIVE soon after.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Wildstyle	Lettering style. An intricate lettering based on interlocking letters. It's a complex style with a lot of arrows and connections. Wildstyle is considered one of the hardest styles to master and often completely undecipherable to non-writers.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Window down	A piece done below the windows of a subway car.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Writer	Practitioner of the art of Graffiti. "Writing" is often used to make a difference with plain tagging. Integrates a more creative meaning to the practice.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Yard	Train yards where writers would gather to do their pieces.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
Zine	Short for fanzines.	Danysz, M., Dana, M.-N., 2011. From style writing to art: A Street Art anthology, Second ed. Drago, Rome, 418 pp.	English	411	-
All city	in jedem Teil der Stadt vertreten sein	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Biten	den Stil eines anderen Sprüher kopieren	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Blackbook	Skizzenbuch des Sprühers	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Blockbuster	gerade, der Druckschrift ähnlich sehende Buchstaben	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Bogarting	besonders unauffälliges racken	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Bomben	massives Verbreiten des Namens	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Bubblestyle	blasenförmige Buchstaben	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Buff/buffen	die Reinigunsanlage/das Reinigen eines Zuges	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Character	Figuren die das Bild ergänzen	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Crew	Sprüher, die sich zu einer Gruppe Zusammengeschlossen haben	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Crossen	das Zerstören eines Bildes durch Linien, 'tags',…	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Damage	'tags' und Throw Ups	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
3-D	Block an den Outlines, der den Buchstaben Tiefe gibt	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
End-to-end	ein von links nach rechts besprühter Waggon	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Fadings	Farbübergänge	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Fat cap	Sprühkopf zum Füllen großer Flächen	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Fill-in	Gestaltung der Fläche die durch die Outlines begrenzt wird	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Hall of Fame	Ansammlung von sehr guten Wandbildern	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Hang out	Treff der Writer	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	8	-
Hit	andere Bezeichnung für 'tag'	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
King	der beste Sprüher mit den meisten Bildern	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Lay up	Abstellanlage für Züge, die nur phasenweise genutzt wird	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Outline	Umrandungslinie, die die Buchstabenform vom Hintergrund abhebt	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Piece	ausgefüllte Buchstaben meist mit Hintergrund	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Panelpiece	ein Bild auf einem Zug, das von der Unterkante des Waggons bis in die Scheiben reicht	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Racken	des Stehlen der Sprühdosen, Marker, …	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Scrapyard	Abstellanlage für ausrangierte Züge	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Skinny cap	Sprühkopf für besonders dünne Linien	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
'Tag'	Signatur des Sprühers	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Throw up	Schnell schraffierte großflächige Buchstaben mit Outlines	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Top-to-bottom	ein Bild, das die komplette Höhe eines Waggons ausfüllt	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Toy	unerfahrener oder unfähiger Sprüher	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Wholecar	ein komplett besprühter Waggon	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Wholetrain	einseitig besprühter Zug (bestehend aus mehreren wholecars)	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Wildstyle	komplizierte Konstruktion ineinander verschlungener Buchstaben	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Writer	der Sprüher	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Yard	Abstellanlage für Züge	Wiese, M., 1996. Graffiti Dortmund: Die Kunst der Sachbeschädigung. Aragon 3. Edition Aragon, Moers, 158 pp.	German	9	-
Graffiti	“Typically refers to words, figures, and images that have been written, drawn and/or painted on, and/or etched into or on surfaces where the owner of the property has NOT given permission” (Ross, 2016, 476).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Piece	“(short for ‘masterpieces’) Large, colorful, elaborate, detailed, and stylistically intricate rendering of letters and images. Pieces require a greater amount of time and expertise to create than ‘throw-ups’ and ‘tags’. (Usually deserving of more respect from other graffiti artists/writers)” (Ross, 2016, 477).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Bombing	“The prolific writing of one’s tag [chosen name]. Bombing usually involves saturating a given area with a large number of one’s ‘tags’ and/or ‘throw-ups’. Often regarded as an important avenue for achieving recognition among other graffiti writers” (Ross, 2016, 475).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Throw-up	“(also known as throwies) … Produced with spray paint, throwies spell out a graffiti writer’s name in bubble-style letters. These letters are usually produced and filled in quickly with a single color, and then outlined with a second color of paint. Throwies may also be done with a single can of paint, in which case the graffiti writer will produce a quick series of letters. In the more recent history of graffiti, throwies have increasingly come to be recognized as a distinct and valuable part of a graffiti writer’s repertoire, often leading to the production of multi-colored throw-ups. Unlike masterpieces, throw-ups allow graffiti writers to cover more surface area relatively quickly” (Ross, 2016, 478).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Whole car	A large piece that covers an entire train car. This references the size of the piece and is related to ‘end to ends’, ‘top to bottoms’, and ‘window-downs’. (Snyder, 2009)	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Aerosol	Aerosol can refer to spray paint (see below) or it can be used instead of the word graffiti, as in an aerosol artist or an aerosol artwork. While a writer or artist may refer to a piece as aerosol art instead of graffiti art, graffiti art remains illegal, while aerosol art could be carried out legally on a canvas or other legal surface.	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	-
Character	“A term used to describe pictorial elements of graffiti works, especially renditions of creatures or personas. Characters are often used in conjunction with elaborate pieces of a graffiti writer’s name/tag, and often incorporate gestures that draw the viewer’s attention to the name” (Ross, 2016, 475).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Spray paint	Paint in a can that is applied using internal pressure and aerosol spray caps of varying sizes to change how it behaves when leaving the can.	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	-
Mural	“Large paintings on walls, sides of buildings etc. where the artist/s have been given express permission by the owner, and/or has been commissioned to do the piece (e.g. the work of Diego Rivera). Often depicting historical and/or religious events, themes, individuals, etc.” (Ross, 2016, 477).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Top to bottom	A top to bottom (T-B, T2B, T-to-B) is a piece that covers a train car from top to bottom. (Snyder, 2009)	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Piecing	Piecing refers to the making of pieces, or “masterpieces.” See the definition for piece above.	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	-
Wildstyle	“Energetic pieces of graffiti with interlocking, highly stylized and often cryptic lettering” (Ross, 2016, 479).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Burner	“A graffiti piece that is regarded as high quality. To ‘burn’ is to outdo the work of others” (Ross, 2016, 475).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	128-129	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Graffiti art	“Graffiti art is a face-to-face, social practice with clear aesthetic intentions and unlike traditional graffiti, the semantic content of graffiti art is secondary to its visual aspirations. The identity of the individual (name and/or signature) is a crucial component of both, but graffiti art developed and is practiced collectively within skilled, locally organized subcultures” (Austin, 2010, 35).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
End to end	An end to end (E-E, E2E, E-to-E) is a piece covering a train car from one end to the other. (Snyder, 2009)	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Black book	“Writers carry sketchbooks that they call blackbooks which they use to practice outlines and to get autographs from other writers” (Snyder, 2016, 211n3).	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Insides	The insides of subway trains. Graffiti artists can paint insides or outsides. There are many different ways to describe outsides, but insides are not commonly places to bomb or to piece, but rather to simply tag, which is to quickly write one’s stylized name, usually in black marker. Graffiti writers speak of doing insides or outsides as a type of work.	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	-
Subway art	Another way of referring to graffiti art that was typically practiced on the subway cars in New York City in the late 1960s to 1980s.	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	-
Aerosol art	Graffiti is sometimes referred to as aerosol art, but this term was not common in the zines until issue 10 of IGT, when the editor explicitly stated disdain for the term graffiti and began to use aerosol art instead almost exclusively in all issues going forward (IGT 10, 1988). The term was used in IGT as aerosol art, aerosol archives, and aerosol artists. Interestingly, the title IGT formerly stood for International Graffiti Times, but by issue 8 the G in the acronym appears to have changed from graffiti to “Get Hip”.	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	-
Production	These are larger and more involved pieces that involve several artists (often from the same crew) to work together. They are done on legal walls, where permission has been granted or the work commissioned. They require a larger amount of time, supplies, and people, all of which are prohibitive without permission. (Snyder, 2009)	Graf, A.M., 2016. Describing an Outsider Art Movement from Within: The AAT and Graffiti Art, in: Chaves Guimarães, J.A., Oliveira Milani, S., Dodebei, V. (Eds.), Knowledge Organization for a Sustainable World: Challenges and Perspectives for Cultural, Scientific, and Technological Sharing in a Connected Society. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International ISKO Conference 27-29 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Advances in Knowledge Organization 15. Ergon, Baden-Baden, pp. 125–132.	English	129	This term's defintion is verbatim taken from another source
Graffiti (casual notations)	Casual scribbles or informal drawings on walls or other surfaces. Examples include the following: The casual scribbles or pictographs on walls, stones, or other surfaces in ancient and medieval times, the marks incised or cut into the underside of ancient Greek vases and other ceramics, and modern humorous, satiric, obscene, or gang-related writings or drawings executed anonymously in public places. For more finished, elaborate works on modern walls and other surfaces, prefer "graffiti art." Graffiti is not the works created by "sgraffito," in that sgraffito is not casual, but is instead a formal decorative mark-making technique used on pottery, glass, or other surfaces.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300015613	-
Graffiti art	A broad genre of visual communication placed on surfaces, usually in urban environments; term reserved for works that are considered art or artistic, rather than casual notations or scribbles, which are called "graffiti." Examples of graffiti art include works expressed in a signature form, in either a stylized monogram or as large colorful murals. Examples may include works that are not in graphic media or are not created directly on the surface, but created and then applied to the surface. Graffiti art has occasionally been created as paintings on moveable supports. Contemporary graffiti art emerged in the mid-1970s in New York City, rendered in spray paint on subway train cars and walls. Originally graffiti art was illegal, applied to unauthorized public space or property by individuals or groups, though now it may also appear as commissioned work.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410270	-
Graffiti artists	Refers to people who create humorous, satiric, obscene, or gang-related writings or drawings that are executed anonymously in public places, usually on walls and typically illegally.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300312066	-
Black books (graffiti)	Sketchbooks in which graffiti artists develop ideas, practice tags, and acquire other artists’ signatures.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=black+books&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300379259	-
Burners (graffiti art)	Graffiti pieces that are regarded as being of exceptional quality, as judged by other graffiti artists. To ‘burn’ is to outdo the work of others.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=burners&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410278	-
End to ends	Graffiti works that cover subway cars from one end to the other.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=end+to+ends&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410279	-
Pieces (graffiti art)	Works of graffiti art that are large, colorful, and stylistically elaborate and that require a greater amount of time and expertise to create.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=piecing&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300410272	-
Productions (graffiti art)	Larger and more involved graffiti art 'pieces' that involve several artists working together. These are achieved legally, where permission has been granted or the work commissioned.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=productions&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=2&subjectid=300410281	-
Throw-ups (graffiti works)	Graffiti art works produced with spray paint, that spell out the artist's name in rounded letters. Usually these are rendered in two colors, one for the body and another for a contrasting outline. These are intended to cover as much surface area as possible in the shortest amount of time without regard to style or technical proficiency.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=throw+ups&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410271	-
Tags (documents)	Stylized forms of graffiti using names or initials as markers. These are considered the most basic form of graffiti art.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=tags&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410284	-
Top-to-bottoms	Graffiti works by an individual artist or crew that extend from the top to the bottom of a subway car but not its full length.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=whole+cars&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300410275	-
Wildstyle	A genre of graffiti art with interlocking, highly stylized and often cryptic lettering.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=wildstyle&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410277	-
Whole cars	In the context of graffiti art, large 'pieces' that cover entire train cars from top to bottom and end to end, including the windows.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=whole+cars&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410274	-
Street artists	Contemporary artists who create outdoor paintings, drawings, or three-dimensional works on walls, sidewalks, or street surfaces in public thoroughfares, sometimes intended to draw attention to urban issues. The term may also refer to anyone routinely creating works outdoors, for example painters who are set up on sidewalks to paint canvases or tatoo artists who decorate customers on sidewalks.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=street+artists&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300312065	-
Bombing (graffiti)	In the context of graffiti, bombing denotes prolific and repeated renderings of a single 'tag' in a given physical area in order to attract recognition.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=bombing&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410273	-
Piecing (graffiti)	Refers to the act of rendering large, colorful, and stylistically elaborate works of graffiti art that require a greater amount of time and expertise to create, and that dominate an entire surface area such as the wall of a building.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=piecing&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410276	-
Street art	Contemporary outdoor paintings, drawings, or three-dimensional works on walls, sidewalks, or street surfaces in public thoroughfares of urban environments, sometimes intended to draw attention to urban issues.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti+art&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300056477	-
Urban art	Art that is created for and about large cities and city life, often done by artists who live in the city and sometimes having a distinctive rough style. Examples are graffiti and street performances. The art is often, but not always, displayed in or on public spaces; it may be uncommissioned and illegally created. The term is typically reserved for modern contexts; it typically refers to visual arts, but may be applied to other art forms as well. For art or architectural elements that are sanctioned or commissioned by the authorities and associated with urban design, prefer "municipal art."	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=public+art&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300400516	-
Municipal art	Art or architectural elements that are associated with urban design, planning, and preservation of a city, town, or district. For art having the purpose of beautifying and enriching public places, but not necessarily located in a city or associated with urban design, use "public art." For art created in urban environments, but not necessarily sanctioned or legally displayed, prefer "urban art."	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=public+art&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300400515	-
Public art	Art and architectural elements having the purpose of beautifying and enriching public places rather than private spaces, whether or not the works are also functional. For art undertaken in conjunction with particular communities, usually to produce an effect or inspire response specifically within those communities, use "community art." For art associated with urban design, planning, and preservation, use "municipal art."	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=public+art&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300056501	-
Public artists	Artists who create artworks to be displayed or incorporated into public areas, having the purpose of beautifying and enriching public places, whether or not the works are also functional. The term is often reserved for use in modern contexts.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=public+art&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300400514	-
Community art	Includes art undertaken in conjunction with particular communities, often socially deprived, usually with the idea of producing an effect or inspiring response specifically within those communities, with no reference to widely established standards. For art intended to beautify and enrich public places, use "public art."	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=public+art&logic=AND&note=&page=1&subjectid=300056476	-
Sgraffito (technique)	The decorative technique of scratching through one surface layer, such as on a wall, slip on a pot, or the surface of glass, so as to reveal a layer beneath. For non-decorative, casual, or defacing marks on walls or other surfaces ancient or modern, use "graffiti."	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=sgraffito&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300266416	-
Spray paint	Paint that is applied as an atomized mist, through dispensers such as an aerosol container of compressed gas or a spray gun.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=Spray+paint&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300391376	-
Spray painting	The action of applying a coating by adding pressurized air to a paint emulsion, and directing it onto a support through a nozzle.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=Spray+painting&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300053816	-
Subway graffiti	Refers to graffiti on or in subway cars as well as in subway stations. A tradition of subway graffiti originated in New York in the early 1970s and quickly spread to other large urban centers in the United States and the rest of the world, especially in Europe. Like other types of graffiti, aerosol spray paint and permanent markers are the most common media. Subway graffiti typically consists, in part, of an artist's name, nickname, or 'tag.' For graffiti in subways but considered art, combine indexing with "graffiti art."	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300264511	-
Graffiti proofing	The protection of surfaces by application of anti-graffiti coatings or other methods.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300380249	-
Yarn bombing (graffiti art)	Works in public space comprising knitted or crocheted adornments, usually installed without institutional oversight.	Getty Research Institute, 2021. Art & Architecture Thesaurus® Online. https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/. Accessed 1 October 2023.	English	https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=graffiti&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300410377	-
Black book	Graffiti artist's sketchbooks.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Bombing / to bomb	To bomb or hit is to paint many surfaces in a particular area.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Bubble style	An early type of lettering developed in New York that gives letters a rounded appearance, making them look like bubbles or clouds.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Burn	To beat a competitor with a style or to rat out an accomplice or partner-in-crime, either intentionally or unintentionally.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Character	A figurative element (animals, comical figures, etc) of a picture. In the early days, characters were used as ancillaries to letters but are now an independent style group.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Crew	A group of graffiti artists· who create group pieces and tag the crew initials along with their name.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Fills (fill-in)	Also referred to as 'bombs, 'throw ups' or 'throwies'. Fills describe a piece of graffiti that is either filled in a rush or a solid fill. A fill is also the interior base colour of the piece of graffiti.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Gallery	Locations such as overpasses and walls facing train tracks that are secluded from the general public but are popular with graffiti artists. Since anything that is written is likely to stay for a while, an accumulation of styles and skills is usually present.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Going over	To "go over" a piece of graffiti simply means to paint over it. While most writers respect one another's artwork, to intentionally and disrespectfully paint on top of another's work is akin to a graffiti declaration of war. However, due partially to the limited amount of desirable wall-space, most graffiti writers maintain a hierarchy of sorts: A tag can legitimately be covered by a throw-up, and a throw-up by a piece, and this is commonly done without incident. If a piece has previously been slashed (or 'dissed'), it is also acceptable for another artist to go over it. To violate these guidelines or to simply paint lower-quality graffiti on top of a higher-quality artist's work will quickly characterise an artist as an annoyance, or 'toy'. This can be dangerous as most crews and artists will react angrily to repeated going over.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
Hall of Fame	Mostly legal walls on which high-quality works appear regularly.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	212	-
King	The opposite of toy. Kings or queens (feminine) are artists especially respected by their peers.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Legal graffiti	A piece of graffiti that is made with permission. Artists normatively have to have gained a considerable amount of experience working illegally if they want to become respected for legal graffiti.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Massacre	When local authorities take down or cover up an accumulation of tags and pieces, leaving a blank space.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Mural	A lavishly created piece, not dependent on technique, whether painted with a brush or spray can.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Outline	The outline of letters.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Paste-up	A drawing, stencil etc. on paper fixed to a wall or other surface using wheatpaste or wallpaper paste.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
piece (short form of masterpiece)	A large, complex, and labour-intensive graffiti work. Pieces often incorporate 3-D effects, arrows, and many colours and colour-transitions, as well as various other effects. They are usually the work of more experienced artists. Originally shorthand for masterpiece, a piece is usually a top-drawer work of street art.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Stencil graffiti	A technique in which a motif is cut out to create a template through, which an image can be painted or spray-painted again and again.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Sticker	Also referred to as 'labels' or 'slaps'. A sticker (often obtained from shipping companies and name greeting labels) with the writer's tag on it. A sticker can be deployed more quickly than other forms of graffiti, making it a favourite in very public places such as crosswalk signs, newspaper stands, stop signs, phone booths etc.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Street art	An independent art form, which often has older roots and has not been influenced by hip-hop; nowadays it is often used as a generic term for art in urban, public spaces.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Style	Previously a synonym for the individual letters of a writer; now refers to an artist's individual style.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	213	-
Tag (scribble)	The striking signature of a graffiti artist. A stylized signature, normally done in one colour. The simplest and most prevalent type of graffiti, a tag is often written in a colour that contrasts sharply with its background.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	214	-
Throw-up	Simple letters, often only with an outline or a single-colour, which are generally painted very quickly.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	214	-
Toy	Derogatory term for a beginner or unskilled graffiti artist.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	214	-
Wildstyle	A very complex construction of entwined letters. Graffiti with text so stylized as to be difficult to read, often with interlocking, three-dimensional type.	Đorđević, A. (Ed.), 2021. Street Art Belgrade, Third ed. Komshe, Beograd, 215 pp.	English	214	-
All city	Wenn ein Sprüher in jedem Teil der Stadt seinen Namen/seine Bilder verbreitet hat ist er allcity.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Battle	Art von Sprühwettbewerben als gewaltlose Austragung von Differenzen zwischeneinzelnen Sprühem oder Crews.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Biten	Das Abmalen/ Kopieren eines persönlichen Stils eines anderen Sprühers.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Blackbook	Skizzenbuch des Sprühers, das auch die individuelle Geschichte und Stilentwicklung des Writers dokumentiert.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Bombing	Das massive illegale Verbreiten des Sprühernamens.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Buff	Säuberung der illegal besprühten Flächen.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Can	Sprühdose	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Cap	Sprühkopf für die Sprühlackdose.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Characters	Gesprühte figürliche Elemente, Phantasiefiguren.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Crews	Zusammenschluss durch mehrere Sprüher, die gemeinsam Graffiti malen und sich bei der Entwicklung ihres Stils motivieren und unterstützen können.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Crossen	Mutwilliges Zerstören von Graffiti-Bildern eines anderen Sprühers, teils aufgrund persönlicher Streitigkeiten.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Dissen	Negative, abfällige Äußerung über einen anderen Sprüher.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	75	-
Fame	Der Ruhm in der eigenen Szene. Ein erklärtes Ziel vieler Sprüher: innerhalb der Szene durch das Sprühen seines Namen berühmt und anerkannt zu werden (durch Qualität und/oder Quantität).	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Fat Cap	Sprühaufsatz für die Sprühdosen, der das Malen breiterer Striche zulässt.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Hall of Fame	Für Graffiti freigegebene Plätze/Flächen, um legal Graffitibilder zu malen.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
HipHop	Oberbegriff für eine zu Beginn der 80er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts in New York entstandene Subkultur, welche unterschiedliche künstlerischen Ausdrucksformen u.a. Graffiti und Dj-ing umfasst und sich seit etwa 1984 in Deutschland ausgebreitet hat.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
King	In der Graffitikultur anerkannter Sprüher mit viel Technikerfahrung und eigenem Style.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Line	Mit Graffiti bemalte Flächen entlang der Bahnlinie.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Messages	Kurze Art von Mitteilungen zu den Graffiti, die zum Beispiel den Entstehungskontext beschreiben (,,scheiß Regen" etc.) oder Grüsse und Widmungen beinhalten.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Murals	Großformatig besprühte Wände.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Oldschooler	Sprüher, der seit den Anfängen von Graffiti Bilder gemalt hat.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Outlines	Äußere Kontur /Linie eines Schriftzuges, eines Graffitibildes.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Panel	Gesprühtes Bild auf einem Zug oder einer S-Bahn, das von der Unterkante des Wagens bis teils in die Fenster reicht.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Piece	Gesprühtes Bild.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Racken	Stehlen von Sprühequipment.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	76	-
Rooftop	Graffitibild auf einem Hausdach.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Scratching	Ritzen des Namens in Scheiben von beispielsweise U-Bahnen oder Telefonzellen.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
SOKO Graffiti	Sonderkommission der Polizei, die explizit gegen Graffiti vorgeht and gegen Sprüher wegen Sachbeschädigungen ermittelt.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Skinny (Cap)	Sprühaufsatz für die Sprühdose, der besonders feine Striche zulässt.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Stencil	Schablonengraffiti	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Sticker	Bemalte Aufkleber	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Style	Das oberste Ziel der Sprüher ist die Entwicklung einer individuellen Art und Weise, seine Buchstaben und Figuren zu gestalten, was viel Zeit, Geduld und jahrelange Übung erfordert.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Subway	U-Bahn.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Tag	Rohform des Writings; persönliche Signatur oder Unterschrift des Graffitimalers, meist mit Markern oder Sprühdose angefertigt: „The name and the tag are one, thats what graffiti means; it's about identification, about a personal icon. lt's a way of representing yourself to the world, something like: here I am.” (Wagsraff 1997, zit. n. Dennant 1997: S. 5).	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Throw-ups (T-ups)	Mit wenigen Farben schnell und großflächig gemaltes Graffiti.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Top 2 Bottom (so genannter T2B)	Graffitibild, das vollkommen die Höhe eines Waggons, so auch die Fenster bedeckt.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Toy	Unerfahrener Sprüher, Anfänger oder Bezeichnung für Sprayer, der bitet.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Train	Zug, S-Bahn oder U-Bahn.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	77	-
Trainbombing	Das Besprühen von Zügen, S-Bahnen.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Walls	Wände, die von Sprühern bemalt werden.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Whole Car	Bemalung der gesamten Seitenfläche eines Wagens (inklusive Fenster und Türen); ein „One man Whole Car” ist ein von nur einem Sprüher bemalter Wagen.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Whole Train	Ein oder mehrere Graffiti, die über die gesamte Zugfläche auf einer Seite angebracht sind.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Window-Down	Graffiti auf der Seitenfläche eines Zuges, das unterhalb der Fenster angebracht wurde, wobei ein sogenannter ,,E-to-E" (End-to-End) über die gesamte Wagenlänge reicht.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Writer	Der Sprüher.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Writing	Das Schreiben. des Namens durch den Sprüher.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Yard	Abstellanlage für Züge.	Steinat, C., 2007. Graffiti: Auf Spurensuche im urbanen Zeichendschungel. Tectum, Marburg, 96 pp.	German	78	-
Backpiece	mit Styles und Characters gestalteter Leinwandstoff, der hinten auf Jacken oder Rucksäcke aufgenäht wird und die Zugehörigkeit zu einer Crew signalisiert.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Battle / batteln	von den Writern anberaumter Sprüh- und HipHop-Wettkampf, um Konflikte zwischen Crews oder einzelnen Sprühern möglichst gewaltfrei zu lösen.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Bifi	Spitzname für BVG-Bedienstete.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Bitch	»Schlampe«, die sich für Ruhm oder Geld hergibt.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Black Book	Skizzen- und Entwurfsbuch eines Writers	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Blockbuster	einfache, eckige Buchstaben, großformatig und wenig gestylt.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Bomben	illegales Taggen und Sprühen auf Wände und Züge.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Buff / buffen	Chemische Reinigung von Graffiti-Pieces auf Zügen	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
BVG	Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Cap	Sprühkopf auf der Farbdose; von der Art der Caps hängt die Intensität des Sprühstrahls ab; Fat Caps sorgen für einen dicken Strahl, Skinny Caps für einen feinen.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Character	figürliche, meist comicartige Darstellung von Menschen, Tieren, Monstern o.ä. in Graffiti-Pieces.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Chillen	abhängen, ausruhen, cool rumhängen.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Credit	Danksagung, Widmung, Gruß.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Crew	Gruppe von Writern, die zum Teil wie Gangs organisiert sind und auftreten; es ist üblich, den meist englischsprachigen Crewnamen abzukürzen, z.B. SOS = Spirit of Style.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
(Boogie) down	sich gut verstehen mit.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
End-to-End	Graffiti-Piece, das sich unterhalb der Fenster über die gesamte Länge eines Waggons erstreckt (vgl. Whole-Car).	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Fame	Ruhm, Ehre, Anerkennung; eine der wichtigsten Motivationen von Writern; besonders gewagte Aktionen und gute Bilder vermehren den Fame; die Anhäufung von Fame lässt den Writer in der Szene-Hierarchie aufsteigen und verschafft ihm Respekt (vgl. auch King).	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Fill-in	farbige Ausfüllung von Buchstaben und Flächen (vgl. Outlines).	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Flavour	Geschmack, Stil, Lebensgefühl.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Gangbanger	Mitglied in einer Jugendgang.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	342	-
Hall of Fame	Wand oder ähnliche Fläche, auf der sich die Besten der Besten mit ihren Bildern verewigen; in jeder größeren Stadt gibt es eine Hall of Fame, manche Sprüher oder Crews haben ihre eigene.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
King	Writer an der Spitze der Szene-Hierarchie; der beste und (auch international) anerkannteste Sprüher in der Szene.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
MC	Master of Ceremonies; Rapper und HipHopper, der bei Jams und anderen Partys die Show zelebriert; oft sind MCs Mitglieder einer Graffiti-Crew und huldigen mit den Texten ihrer Crew.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Old Schooler	ein Sprüher »alter Schule«, der um 1983/84, als das Graffiti aufkam, mit dem Sprühen begonnen hat.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Outlines	Umrandung von Buchstaben (vgl. Fill-in).	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Piece	Graffiti-Bild.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Shake (geben)	das Händeabklatschen zur Begrüßung oder zur Zustimmung.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
SOKO	Sonderkommission.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Style	gesprühter, aufwendig gestalteter Namens- bzw. Schriftzug; Odems »Stylism Mission« war ein Versuch, dem Style Regeln und Gesetze zu geben.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Tag / taggen	mit der Sprühdose oder dem Filzschreiber an Wänden oder Zügen angebrachter Namenszug eines Writers oder einer Crew; Erkennungszeichen, das zumeist als übelste »Schmiererei« empfunden wird.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Throw-up	ein in schnellen Umrissen gesprühter Schriftzug.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Toy	wörtlich: Spielzeug; Bezeichnung für einen Anfänger oder schlechten Writer.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Vopos	Volkspolizisten, DDR-Bullen.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Wessiland	Berliner Bezeichnung für das, was früher Westdeutschland war und man heute gemeinhin als die alten Bundesländer bezeichnet.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Whole-Car	Graffiti-Piece, das die gesamte Höhe und Länge eines Waggons bedeckt (vgl. End-to-End)	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Writer	Sprüher oder Tagger.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Yard	S- oder U-Bahndepot. Yards befinden sich oft an Endstationen. Sie können über und unter der Erde liegen.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Zocken	(auch racken): stehlen, klauen, rauben.	Deppe, J., ODEM, 2015. ODEM: on the run: Eine Jugend in der Graffiti-Szene, Fifth ed. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin, 343, xvi.	German	343	-
Earth Art	Earth art, or environmental art, was a broad-based movement of artists who generally shared two key concerns of the 1960s: the rejection of the commercialization of art, and the support of the emerging ecological movement, with its “back-to-the-land” antiurbanism and sometimes spiritual attitude toward the planet. Funding for the earth artists’ frequently large and costly projects was provided by individual patrons and private foundations. The wide-ranging methods and goals of these artists are best described through examples. Alan Sonfist landscaped urban sites in an attempt to return them to their prehistoric, or natural, states. Nancy Holt constructed astronomically oriented architectural structures suggestive of Stonehenge. Michael Heizer and Robert Smithson moved tons of earth and rock in the deserts of the American West to create massive earth sculptures sometimes reminiscent of ancient burial mounds. Richard Long recorded his excursions through the landscape and the ephemeral arrangements of rocks and flowers he made there in elegantly composed photographs. Exhibiting photographic DOCUMENTATION of remote works is standard operating procedure for earth artists, as it is for CONCEPTUAL artists. Earth art should also be considered alongside contemporaneous ARTE POVERA and PROCESS ART. While process artists incorporated the rhythms and systems of nature within their work, earth artists actually moved into nature itself. Although aggressive assaults on the landscape like Smithson’s spectacular Spiral Jetty—a 1,500 foot (450 m) long rock-and-salt-crystal jetty in Utah’s Great Salt Lake—are the best known of the earthworks, more ecologically sensitive works were produced by artists such as Long, Dennis Oppenheim, Michael Singer, and Sonfist. The Dia Art Foundation, a longtime supporter of earth art, funds (and maintains) works in remote places, like Walter De Maria’s Lightning Field (1977) in Catron County, New Mexico. This installation, consisting of a grid of stainless-steel poles occupying one square kilometer of the desert, has become a stop on an informal “pilgrimage route” of earth art in New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	120	-
East Village	East Village means East Greenwich Village, until recently a working-class neighborhood in downtown Manhattan. During the early and mid-1980s East Village came to stand for an explosion of art, PERFORMANCE ART, and musical activity in the clubs and galleries that helped define the rapidly gentrifying neighborhood. In terms of visual art, the East Village was characterized by a bustling entrepreneurial scene, with many East Village artists doing double duty as art dealers. This Warholian embrace of commerce was a rejection of the publicly funded activities of the ALTERNATIVE SPACES of the previous decade and a reflection of New York’s Wall Street-driven boom economy of the mid-1980s. Collectors of new art garnered considerable publicity, and more than 150 eccentrically named galleries (including Fun, Civilian Warfare, Gracie Mansion, and Nature Morte) sprang up to serve them. The East Village art scene quickly became too trendy for the hipster pundits, for whom the opening of non-artist Pat Hearn’s posh new gallery on Avenue B in late 1983 signaled the beginning of the end of the neighborhood. GRAFFITI ART and NEO-EXPRESSIONISM are often associated with the East Village, but other STYLES were made and shown there too. During the mid-1980s neo-CONCEPTUAL and NEO-GEO art began to emerge in the then-fertile environment. The decline of the East Village art scene began in 1985, when the four-year-old Fun Gallery, the first in the neighborhood, closed its doors. But the problems were more than commercial: the neighborhood was among the hardest hit in the United States by the related problems of intravenous drug use and AIDS, which decimated it during the late 1980s. By the 1988-89 season, the vast majority of the galleries had either moved to Soho, where rents were now cheaper and patrons more plentiful than in the East Village, or shut down.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	121-123	-
Graffiti Art	Graffito means “scratch” in Italian, and graffiti (the plural form) are drawings or images scratched into the surfaces of walls. Illicit graffiti (of the “Kilroy was here” variety) dates back to ancient Egypt. Graffiti slipped into the studio as a subject after World War II. Artists such as Cy Twombly and Jackson Pollock were interested in the way it looked, the Frenchman Jean Dubuffet was interested in what it meant as a kind of OUTSIDER ART, and the Catalan Antoni Tapies was interested in the ways it could be incorporated into his imagery of urban walls. During the early 1970s—soon after aerosol spray paint in cans became readily available—New York subway trains were subjected to an onslaught of exuberantly colored graffiti. The words and “tags” (graffiti writers’ names) were soon augmented with elaborate cartoon-inspired images. Most graffitists were neither professional artists nor art students but streetwise teenagers from the Bronx and Brooklyn. Several milestones marked graffiti’s move from the street to the gallery: the United Graffiti Artists’ 1975 exhibition at New York's Artists Space; Fab 5 Freddy’s widely discussed spray-painted homage to Andy Warhol's Campbell’s soup cans in 1980; the Times Square Show, also in 1980, which galvanized the attention of the New York art world; the ongoing support in the form of exhibition opportunities and career counseling provided by Fashion Moda, an ALTERNATIVE SPACE in the Bronx; and, ultimately, the development of a graffiti STYLE by professionally trained artists such as Keith Haring. The popularization of graffiti raised questions of unusual aesthetic and sociological import. Was graffiti vandalism? Or urban folk art? The writer Norman Mailer romanticized it as the anarchic manifestation of social freedom, while such critics as Suzi Gablik charged that ghetto youths were being exploited by a novelty-crazed art market. The year 1983 saw the zenith of graffiti art, with its first major museum exhibition at the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam and the Post-Graffiti show at Sidney Janis’s blue-chip gallery in New York. By mid-decade it already seemed outmoded. Underground “tags” and images designed to be rapidly spray-painted or seen only in motion did not often survive the transition to the more conventional two- and three-dimensional formats exhibited in galleries. The most notable exceptions were the works of Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring. Their considerable talents brought them critical and commercial success equal to that of any young artist of the day, led to collaborations with Andy Warhol, and (inadvertently) drew a clear distinction between their imaginatively realized visions and the narrower skill of tagging a subway car. One of Haring’s greatest successes as an ambassador for the expressive possibilities of graffiti was posthumous. The young Chinese artist Zhang Dali, who spent several years in Italy beginning in 1989, came to idolize Haring and his work. In 1993 Zhang returned to Beijing and became the sole graffitist in that city, where public order was more rigorously policed than in New York. (By tagging only the walls of homes marked for demolition—or already demolished—he garnered the sympathy of police.) In addition to his tags, 18k and AK47, he created huge, cartoonish silhouettes of his head in pairs: one a “negative” image cut out of the wall and providing a view of the rubble of the traditional courtyard home beyond; and the second a “positive” image spray-painted on the wall and focusing attention on it as a container of domestic life sealed off from public intrusion. His photographs of his activities as a graffitist are poignant: they both document modern ruins and evoke the traditional home and lifestyle that flourished within them. Zhang, who began to spray-paint his silhouettes while still in Italy, is perhaps the only figure outside the original circle of New York graffiti artists who ought to be considered at least an honorary part of it. Rather than romanticizing the New York origins of graffiti art, it is useful to consider other defining events that made it so short-lived a movement, including the death of African-American graffitist Michael Stewart in 1983. Caught tagging by New York police in a downtown subway station, he was savagely beaten and then transported to a nearby hospital in a coma, dying soon after. Both Basquiat and Haring were dead by 1990—the former, in his mid-twenties, from a heroin overdose and the latter, in his early thirties, from HIV-related causes.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	137-139	-
Mission School	The term Mission School was coined by art critic Glen Helfand and first appeared in print in the San Francisco Bay Guardian in 2002. It refers to the Mission District, a historic neighborhood named after the Mission Dolores, constructed in 1776 in what was then Spanish territory (prior to its subsequent ownership by Mexico and the United States) and memorably seen in Alfred Hitchcock’s film Vertigo (1958). Arecently gentrified but traditionally working-class area, the Mission retains some of the flavor of its once-sizable Hispanic population and the hipster influx that began at the end of 1970s. The former is visible in nearly a half-century of Latino mural production (officially sanctioned) and the latter in remnants of (illegal) STREET ART. The term street art refers here to both unsanctioned or “outlaw” PUBLIC ART—much of it reflecting a local tradition of cartoons, zines, and posters dating back to the psychedelia of the 1960s—and GRAFFITI, the spray-painted tags or names staking out gang (or individual) turfthat were largely eradicated as property values rose. Influenced by both these traditions, the work of the Mission School artists would range from spray-painted tags to discreetly stenciled images with captions. The astonishing success of graffiti art in New York a decade earlier would also provide inspiration. The members of the Mission School were mostly graduates of the San Francisco Art Institute, a longtime incubator of countercultural approaches and attitudes. These artists did not, however, make up a formal group; they neither issued a manifesto nor pursued collective goals, with one exception: Around 1990 several of them collaborated on indoor installations in municipal venues including the Yerba Center for the Arts and the South of Market Cultural Center. These were their most engaging productions, taking the form of vivid three-dimensional “murals” composed of FOUND OBJECTS and overlapping drawings applied directly to the wall, blurring the boundaries between the contributions of different artists. So many of the Mission School artists were also graffitists—including Barry McGee (whose tag was “Twist”), Margaret Kilgallen (“Meta”), Dan Plasma, and Ruby Neri (“Reminisce”)—that it makes little sense to distinguish between their identities as taggers and as artists. Whether in San Francisco or (increasingly) across the globe, it is simpler to consider the tangled amalgam of “outlaw” public art that followed the New York graffiti artists of the early 1980s as street art, rather than to try to disentangle its threads. One generalization, however, will likely always apply: tagging is a young person’s pursuit, as its dangers will deplete the ranks of any circle of graffitists over time. Ironically, by the time it was named, the Mission “school” barely existed: individual careers had been consolidated apart from the group, such as those of Barry McGee, who received international acclaim for his work in the Venice Biennale of 2001, and his wife Margaret Kilgallen, who was (posthumously) featured in the Whitney Biennial of 2002. The departure of Ruby Neri for Los Angeles also seems emblematic: the arresting images of horses she once painted on concrete freeway stanchions, she now renders in more conventional formats.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	158-159	-
New Wave	New Wave was a journalistic tag initially—and pejoratively—applied to new French filmmakers of the late 1950s, including Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard. During the mid- to late 1970s it began to be applied to anew generation of pop musicians in the United States, some of whom were art-school graduates. The increasingly theatrical and eclectic nature of PERFORMANCE ART had encouraged many art students to form bands suchas Romeo Void and the spectacularly successful Talking Heads. California art-school graduates from institutions like the San Francisco Art Institute opened storefront ALTERNATIVE SPACES that showcased punk music and performance as well as exhibitions. An EXPRESSIONISTIC type of advertising poster developed that would influence NEO-EXPRESSIONIST painting. Soon new wave began to be applied, imprecisely, to the visual arts. Two large-scale exhibitions in New York thrust the new-wave aesthetic into the media. The first was the Times Square Show of 1980, organized by Collaborative Projects, Inc., and the alternative space Fashion Moda. A decaying former massage parlor was transformed into an illegal, multi-story exhibition space. For the first time, GRAFFITI artists were brought together with a new generation of painters and sculptors (including John Ahearn and Tom Otterness) who were reacting against the anti-object orientation of CONCEPTUAL ART. Offering an alternative to the austerity of all-white galleries, the circuslike show created an appealing amalgam of the gallery, the club, and the streets. By the time the second exhibition extravaganza, New York New Wave (curated by René Ricard), opened at P.S.1in September 1981, the term new wave simply referred to the mix of graffiti, Neo-Expressionist, and EAST VILLAGE art that would dominate the first half of the 1980s. Now—as with film—it is merely a synonym for the new and the abrasive.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	180	-
Public Art	In the most general sense, public art is simply art produced for—and owned by—the community. This notion of art is as old as art itself, dating back to prehistoric cave-painting and idol-carving. The history of art encompasses far more examples of public than private art, ranging from the frescoes and sculpture of temples and cathedrals to the commemorative statuary created for public squares. Radical changes came with MODERN art. The avant-garde search for the new was incompatible with the aim of reaching a wide public. So, too, was the modernist emphasis on the purity of individual art forms, which mandated that the traditional relationship of sculpture and architecture, for instance, be dissolved. By the late 1950s this had led to the construction of myriad unembellished buildings with ABSTRACT a sculptures—what today’s architects and public artists jokingly call “plop art”—placed on their sterile plazas. The growth of public art in the U.S. is related to two government initiatives of the late 1960s: the percent-for-art programs and the National Endowment for the Arts’ Art in Public Places program. The percent-for-art programs now operating in about half of the states and many cities and counties set aside for art a certain percentage (usually one percent) of the construction budget for a public project. The Art in Public Places program funded the creation or acquisition of more than seven hundred artworks between 1967 and 1995. Changes in thinking about the nature of art itself in the late 1960s dove-tailed with such official encouragement. Many artists were leaving their studios to create EARTH ART and other environmental forms that demanded an architectural rather than a studio scale. The challenges of realizing such complex projects provided artists with not merely the necessary skills but also the willingness to collaborate and give up the complete control that comes from working alone in a studio. Public artworks range from Joyce Kozloff’s tiled murals in subway stations to Max Neuhaus’s SOUND SCULPTURES for similar sites; from Isamu Noguchi’s multi-acre parks and plazas to Richard Haas’s trompe-l'oeil murals that transform drab walls into architectural fantasies, and from Dennis Adams's politically probing bus-shelter images to Judy Baca’s murals of the history of Los Angeles and its Hispanic communities painted on the concrete walls of the Los Angeles River. Artists are even designing what were once anonymous architectural elements, such as seating, lighting, and ornamental pavements. Hostility to a small number of public artworks that some observers found inappropriate led to heated controversies in the 1980s. Maya Lin’s abstract Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., was augmented with Frederick Hart’s more conventional FIGURATIVE sculpture, and Richard Serra’s site-specific sculpture Tilted Arc was removed from its lower Manhattan site in 1989 after years of legal and administrative wrangling. One outcome of such disputes has been the widespread adoption of procedures that encourage greater community input and bring artists into the design process at an earlier stage, but are also prone to result in bland works calculated to avoid controversy. This is unfortunate given that public art—and especially the memorial—has become the primary social arena for dealing with seemingly intractable matters of identity and history. Although the memorial has been the province of stellar artists from Michelangelo to Rodin, today most proposals for them are solicited from designers and architects rather than from sculptors.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	213-214	-
Street Art	As its name implies, the term street art refers to artworks presented in places visible to the public, usually without permission (distinguishing it from some PUBLIC ART). It varies widely in materials (favoring the cheap and expendable), media (viewing location and circumstances may dictate the relative benefits of word, image, or both), and message (as with all art, a range from the personal to the political, and from the subtly poetic to the stridently propagandistic). The antithesis of the proverbial “masterpiece,” street art is rooted in the soil of POPULAR CULTURE and reflects artists’ long-standing interests in the accessibility and subversive potential of posters, cartoons, billboards, advertising, and graffiti. With POSTMODERNISM, the boundary separating high art and popular culture has been virtually eradicated, sometimes making the street the exhibition venue of choice for talented, professional artists. Street art’s relationship to GRAFFITI ART also needs clarification. Graffiti art is best understood as a short-lived phenomenon that emerged in New York around 1980. Those responsible were working-class “taggers,” art school-educated artists, and (later) downtown Manhattan art dealers such as Tony Shafrazi, who promoted its transformation from illegal activity into collectible commody. Few of the nonprofessional New York graffitists viewed themselves as artists or managed the transition from subway to Soho gallery. Other artist-professionals since then have incorporated graffiti within their repertoire of techniques or experimented with it as one of many phases of a career, making street art a more apt descriptor of their work. The widespread emergence of street art came about in the late 1980s. This tumultuous era, marked by the end of the (MODERN) cold war and the onset of the (postmodern) digital age, provided both do-it-yourself opportunities for freer expression and plenty to express. Jenny Holzer’s aphoristic Truisms, for example, found their complement in Robbie Conal’s wittily captioned posters featuring unflattering portraits of American public figures. An informal and international “fraternity” of street artists, including Banksy, Blek le Rat, and John Fekner, employed “traditional” graffiti materials and methods to “bomb” urban streets around the world with culturally diverse spray-painted tags and images. The explosion of street art was also stimulated by economic conditions: The severe transatlantic recession that crippled the art market also freed artists to experiment apart from commercial demands and encouraged those seeking support for publicly sited work to make use of the sudden abundance of unsold advertising space on subway cars, billboards, and buses. These became unconventional exhibition “venues” for artists, both authorized and unauthorized. Some private foundations and local governments developed commissioning practices that encouraged an unprecedented diversity and forthrightness, yielding street art every bit as gutsy and iconoclastic as artists’ self-produced efforts. The AIDS-activist collective Gran Fury, for instance, created an image, inspired by a notorious United Colors of Benetton advertising campaign, that featured three kissing couples—one opposite- and two same-sex pairs—beneath the caption “Kissing Doesn’t Kill: Greed and Indifference Do” (1989). Although the project was privately funded, the appearance of this image on the sides of city buses in Chicago caused an uproar. A year later, as the official American representatives to the Venice Biennale, Gran Fury received an even more clamorous response for their installation condemning Pope John Paul II's anti-condom views, only narrowly avoiding arrest. Gran Fury’s MEDIA ART-derived approach both recalls CONCEPTUALIST works such as Les Levine’s provocative billboard and subway pronouncements and looks forward to the work of Ganzeer, the pseudonymous Egyptian artist who garnered international attention during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. His overtly political—and critical—“Martyr Murals” painted on highly visible walls in Cairo drew the ire of Egypt's military rulers, who had him arrested. A similar fate befell the dissident Chinese artist Ai Weiwei for posting to his now-shuttered blog a list of the names of schoolchildren who died in the Sichuan earthquake of 2008. The situation in the West could hardly be more different. Following the economic success of graffiti art in the early 1980s, street art’s commercialization seemed inevitable. Banksy led a mild revolt against the production of portable art objects derived from wall-sized compositions, at least raising essential questions in the process. Street art’s most vigorous promoter has been the former New York art dealer Jeffrey Deitch, who became the director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 2010. His first show there, Art in the Streets (2011), of which he was a curator, was indelibly marred by his peremptory order to remove a controversial outdoor mural commissioned for the exhibition. Deitch’s diktat seemed to fly in the face of the raison d’étre of street art itself: the freedom (arguably) inherent in producing and exhibiting art outside the restrictive practices of institutions, politics, and markets.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	243-244	-
Style	There is no such thing as a work of art without a style. The idea of style as defined by art history is rooted in the belief that artworks from a particular era (the Tang Dynasty, the Italian Renaissance, the 1960s) share certain distinctive visual characteristics. These include not only size, material, color, and other FORMAL elements, but also subject and CONTENT. Artists cannot transcend the limits of their era. (Forgeries of Jan Vermeer’s seventeenth-century works that were painted by the notorious forger Hans van Meegeren in the 1930s and 40s seemed authentic then but now loudly announce themselves as works of their day.) Without the twentieth-century tradition of spatially flattened ABSTRACTION behind them, it’s difficult to imagine that the PATTERN-AND-DECORATION artists of the 1970s would have turned to Middle Eastern rugs and tiles for inspiration. If consumer society had not mushroomed after World War II, POP ART could not have come into being. Other factors such as locale, training, and perhaps even gender—this has been the subject of heated debate among feminists and nonfeminists—affect the styles of individual artists. A multitude of personal styles contribute to the stylistic currents of a given era. No artist's style is likely to completely embody any one particular style; it is, after all, individuality and personality that contemporary Westerners value in art.	Atkins, R., 2013. Artspeak: A guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present, Third ed. Abbeville Press, New York, 288 pp.	English	245	-
All-City	A writer whose name is up all over the city. In New York this means tags, throw-ups, and pieces in all five boroughs.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Beef	Disputes, often caused by painting over (dissing) someone else's work.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Bite	To copy another writer's style. n. Something unoriginal.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Blacbook	A writer's sketchbook, used to keep outlines and also autographs from other writers. Also called a piecebook.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Bomb	To paint a name often in any form on many different surfaces.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Buff	To clean graffiti off of a surface with chemicals or by painting over it.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Bum rush	To force your way into a situation in which you are not otherwise welcome.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Burner	A graffiti painting exhibiting intricate style and impressive use of color.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Can control	The ability to manipulate and control aerosol paint.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Character	A graffiti figure, usually taken from comic books.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Cipher	A term used frequently in hip hop and rap lyrics; a small group of individuals sharing deep ideas, often used to connote a circle of rappers trading improvised lyrics.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Crew	A group of writers who formally come together for camaraderie, to promote a style, and to insure physical protection.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Designs	Stars, arrows, halos, etc., used to add flavor to a piece, tag, or throw-up.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Dis/Disrespect	To insult someone, or to paint over someone's graffiti.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Down Low/D.L.	Something secretive or hush-hush; information not to be passed on. This has recently taken on new meaning of engaging in secretive homosexual acts.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Falling off	Used to refer to a writer whose skills are diminishing or whose presence on the streets is waning.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	199	-
Fame	What a writer gets when he or she is up consistently.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Fat caps	Tips for aerosol cans used to vary the width of the spray paint.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Fill-in	The area inside the letters of a piece that is filled in with colors; also, another name for a throw-up.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Five-O or 5-OH	Cops. The term comes from the 1970s television show Hawaii Five-O.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Flicks	Photographs of graffiti	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Freestyle	To rhyme or paint off the top of one's head without a preconceived plan; spontaneous improvisation.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Front/Frontin'	To act fake or put up a front; also, to dismiss something's importance	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Geeked	To be overly excited about something.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Get up	To get your name up on any surface.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Hand skills/Hand style	A writer's penmanship, or ability to fight.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Herb	(pronounced without a silent "h," as in Herbert) Derogatory name for someone who is not cool.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
King	A term for a graffiti writer who is up the most in any given area; also, a general term for a highly talented and successful writer.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Krink	Silver ink created and sold by KR that has become the industry standard.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Lay-up	Underground holding area for out-of-service trains.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Mad	A lot of something, e.g., money or skills.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Master	An accomplished graffiti writer who has both style and ups, i.e., graffiti in the street.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Mean streaks	Oil paint sticks that come in a multitude of colors and are used for tagging.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Mission	Any long trip or journey to paint or to obtain supplies.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Mop	Emptied-out shoe polish bottle filled with industrial grade Marsh ink, used for tagging.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Outline	A piece sketched on paper that may or may not be a template for a graffiti mural.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Permission wall/Legal wall	A wall that a writer has obtained permission to piece.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	200	-
Piece	As a noun (short for "masterpiece"), a graffiti mural; as a verb, to draw or paint a masterpiece.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Piecebook	A writer's sketchbook, used to keep outlines and also autographs from other writers. Also called a blackbook.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Productions	Murals (usually legal) done by a group of artists in a crew on a large surface.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Props	Proper respect.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Rack/Racking	Stealing, shoplifting. The original term was "inventing:'	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Squash	To deal with a dispute diplomatically rather than through physical confrontation, as in "squashing a beef'' Often initiated by an arbiter.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Tag	As a noun, a graffiti writer's signature; as a verb, to mark one's name on any surface.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Three-D/3-D	Lines added to a piece to give the impression of depth.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Throw-up	A name painted with two colors, an outline, and a fill-in color; also called a fill-in.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Top to bottom	Originally, a graffiti painting that stretched from the top of the train to the bottom. Today it is used for any painting that fills the entire space.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Toy	A neophyte writer with no skills and little clue of the history of the culture.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Trooper	A writer who puts in a lot of legwork and gets up all over the city.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Ups	The presence of one's graffiti in the street, e.g., "She has mad ups."	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Wildstyle	Name given to any unreadable or fresh graffiti style. The origin of this term has a long and contested history, with TRACY 168 and PHASE II often being credited. Wild Style is also the name of graffiti's most famous film, which gave the term national and even worldwide currency.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Writer's benches	Places such as the 149th Street subway station where writers would congregate to discuss the work on the trains.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Vamp	To approach younger writers, usually toys, and steal their paint.	Snyder, G.J., 2009. Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. Alternative Criminology Series. New York University Press, New York, London, xii, 241.	English	201	-
Aérosol	bombe de peinture.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Blackbook	cahier contenant les recherches typographiques et stylistiques d’un writer et éventuellement de certains pairs.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Blaze	pseudonyme.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Block letter	type de lettrage aux formes carrées ou rectangulaires et de très grande taille réalisé à la bombe ou au rouleau.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Bobble letter	type de lettrage aux formes arrondies.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Cap	embout adaptable sur la bombe aérosol pour vaporiser la peinture. Les embouts sont interchangeables pour varier l'épaisseur du trait.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Cartonner	couvrir un territoire de graffitis.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Crew	groupe de graffeurs qui travaillent ensemble.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Chrome	graffiti réalisé à la peinture métallisée.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
End-to-end	graffiti couvrant un wagon d'un bout à l’autre dans le sens de la longueur.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Fat cap	embout permettant de réaliser un trait épais à l'aérosol, à l'inverse du skinny cap.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Flop	voir throw-up.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Getting up	action de réaliser des graffitis sur train.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
GML	langage de programmation mis au point par le GRL (Graffiti Research Lab).	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Graff	fresque de grande taille ou de taille moyenne, généralement polychrome, et mêlant lettrages et personnages.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Hall of fame	mur couvert sur toute sa longueur de graffitis, généralement exécutés par des «stars».	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
King	writer considéré comme le meilleur par la communauté des writers.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Outlines	contours d’un lettrage.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Pièce	graffiti, peinture.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Punition	répétition d'un même tag sur un wagon.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Reverse graffiti	graffiti consistant à faire apparaître une forme (lettrage ou autre) sur une surface en la nettoyant.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Sketch	esquisse préparatoire.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Sticker	autocollant.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Tag	signature sommaire, généralement de petite taille et monochrome..	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Throw-up	type intermédiaire de writing d'exécution rapide, généralement bichrome (contour et remplissage sont d'une couleur différente), à mi-chemin entre le tag et la pièce.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Top-to-bottom	graffiti couvrant un wagon d'un bout à l'autre dans le sens de la hauteur.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Toy	graffeur inexpérimenté ou incompétent.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Toyer	recouvrir de peinture un graffiti en signe de défi ou d'hostilité.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
3D	pièce en trois dimensions.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Vandale	graffiti illégal.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Whole-car	pièce recouvrant un wagon sur toute sa surface.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Wild style	style calligraphique marqué par l’enchevêtrement des lettrages.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Writer	graffeur.	Lemoine, S., 2021. L'art urbain: Du graffiti au street art, Nouvelle édition ed. Découvertes Gallimard. Arts 584. Gallimard, Paris, 128 pp.	French	120	-
Adbusting	das Verändern von Werbe- und Wahlplakaten als Form der Kritik, nicht selten mit Unterhaltungswert.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Bombing style	schnell gesprühtes, wenig aufwendiges Graffiti.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Character	figürliche Darstellungen als Ergänzung zum Graffiti.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Cut-out	Sonderform des Paste-Ups (siehe dort) mit Kontur.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Guerilla knitting	das Bestricken von Objekten [Bäume, Laternen, Fahrräder usw.) im öffentlichen Raum.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Hall of fame	eine längere, mit vielen qualitätvollen Graffitis bemalte Wand, der Respekt gezollt wird.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Muralismus	Wandmalerei im öffentlichen Raum.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Murals	große Street-Art-Bilder auf Hauswänden.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Paste-up	individuell gestaltete Poster im öffentlichen Raum.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Piece	sorgfältig und aufwendig, meist farbig gestaltetes Graffiti.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Stencil	kleines Bild, das mit einer Schablone aufgesprüht wird.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Sticker	selbst gestaltete Aufkleber, die im öffentlichen Raum verteilt werden.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Street-art/urban-art	Sammelbegriffe für verschiedene künstlerische Techniken im öffentlichen Raum, die nicht eindeutig voneinander getrennt sind und auch synonym verwendet werden.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Tag	Kürzel bzw. Signatur des Graffiti-Künstlers.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Trainwriting	Bemalen von Zügen mit eigener Terminologie für das Platzieren des Graffiti, z.B. Wholecar, wenn ein Waggon komplett bedeckt ist.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Wild-style	besonders kompliziert verschlungene Buchstaben.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
Writing	das klassische Graffiti mit Buchstaben; der Writer ist entsprechend der Akteur.	Pudel, F., Ullrich, S., 2015. Graffiti ist Jazz mit Buchstaben: Street-Art: die bunte Stadt als Utopie. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle, 158 pp.	German	157	-
The buff	Graffiti writers and street artists use this term to describe the removal of graffiti and street artworks from the surfaces of the city. Cleaning is carried out by different means, depending on the surface or the nature of the street artwork; authorities use high-pressure water hoses to remove paper works and chemical solvents for aerosol paint (especially on trains), and may paint over paper or paint on stone walls that could be damaged by a high-pressure hose. The technique of removal does not matter to writers and artists, who refer to all of them as the buff.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	194	-
Crews	A crew is a group of graffiti writers who share a common tag and have a strong sense of belonging as the group. Crews range in size from a few members to upwards of fifty individuals. In a very large crew, not all members will know each other. Crew members will often tag their own name and the crew name when writing on walls or carrying out pieces and throw-ups. Crews might tag within a particular area, as a means of denoting their presence within a territory. A crew is not, however, synonymous with a ‘gang’, as conventionally conceived. Gangs sometimes carry out graffiti of a highly specific nature, intended solely to mark territory and warn off members of rival gangs. Graffiti crews mark territory differently: by showing off their graffiti skills through the frequency or extent of tagging, the complexity or size of pieces, and the consistency of the lettering in throw-ups. While disputes over skill and territory can develop, and can sometimes involve fights, graffiti crews rarely engage in the kinds of interpersonal violence that arises when gangs are in conflict with each other.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	194	-
Paste-ups	Also known, primarily in North America, as wheatpastes, paste-ups are sheets of paper featuring a design or drawing that are glued or pasted onto walls and other surfaces. Paste-ups vary greatly in size. The French artist JR works with very large paste-ups of his photographs, blown up to enormous sizes, requiring multiple sheets of paper, scissor lifts and teams of assistants. Other artists use small sheets of paper that may be overlooked by the inattentive passer-by: Pablo Delgado draws tiny paper figures which he glues to walls at ground level. Paste-ups may be hand-drawn, photocopied photographs or prints. Some paste-ups are unique designs; others exist as multiples and are placed in multiple locations, mimicking graffiti culture’s repetition of the tag in different places within a city.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	194	-
Piece	A piece is a large graffiti mural. These are usually highly complicated and colourful renditions of an individual writer’s tag or a crew name. ‘Piece’ is short for ‘masterpiece’, indicating the high regard that graffiti writers have for this aesthetic form. Novice writers are considered to require training or mentoring before they can successfully complete a piece, and large pieces are collaborative efforts, often involving several crew members working on different sections of a design or with responsibility for different techniques, such as shading or outlining. Pieces, although frequently including figures and landscapes, centre upon the tag, and the key elements of a piece are the letters of a tag, often pushed or distorted into new forms. A piece, although based on a tag name, will also often be signed with the writer’s tag, and shout-outs to crew members and friends might also be included.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	195	-
Stencil art	This was common in France in the 1980s, and began to appear in other countries, such as Britain and Australia, from the late 1990s, with a huge surge in popularity in the early to mid-2000s. Stencil artists cut templates from cardboard and then affix the template to a wall or other surface, using aerosol paint to spray onto the surface through the cut-out holes in the cardboard. Skilled stencil artists utilize several layers in their compositions; novices tend to produce simple single-layer stencils. Stencils vary in size according to the preference of the artist. Very large stencils may require the artist to have assistance in affixing the stencil to a wall, leaving them vulnerable to detection by the authorities if working illegally. Small stencils can be added to walls very quickly, allowing an artist to spend time in the studio or at home creating the stencil, but requiring only a minute to spray the image onto the wall and thus reducing the risk of arrest. Some artists have used single-layer stencils in a manner similar to tagging, spraying hundreds of stencils in a single outing.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	195	-
Stickers	Street artists have a fondness for stickers, which are easily applied to metallic surfaces such as lamp posts, grilles, roller doors and street signs. Stickers may be hand-drawn or commercially printed, and are sometimes placed in locations that frame a sticker as a single artwork, or in places that attract other stickers, so that a patchwork or collage effect will develop.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	195	-
Tagging	Graffiti centres on the tag, a name chosen by a graffiti writer. The tag functions like a pseudonym, nickname or alias, but will also have strong personal meaning for a graffiti writer; it is a self-selected name that bespeaks the writer’s sense of identity within graffiti culture. In New York City, early writers used a combination of chosen alias plus the number of the street on which they lived: for example, Taki 183 is a combination of Taki (a diminutive of Demetrius) together with 183, for 183rd St in Washington Heights where Taki lived. The inclusion of letters and numbers in a tag name has persisted in contemporary times, with writers today often including ‘one’ as part of their tag name, written in letters combined with the letters of their chosen name, connoting a claim to their skill as writers. Contemporary tags are, however, more diverse in content than early American tag names, with notable contemporary writers going by the names of Noir, Tox, Duke, Saber, Lady Pink and Vamp. Writers usually say that a tag is predominantly about the letters selected: a writer is interested in seeing certain favoured letters written in wild style; the meaning of the name itself is usually secondary. Some artists and graffiti writers use an icon instead of letters: the icon either provides the artist’s name or connotes the artist’s identity. Examples of icons used by artists includes the clenched fist painted by the graffiti writer Kripoe in Berlin, the stick figures of Civil in Melbourne, Stik in London and Stikman in the United States, Banksy’s rats, the waving cat painted by the Australian artist Lush, and the caricatured creatures of Pure Evil in London. When writers talk about ‘tagging’ a surface, they refer to the activity of writing their tag name on walls and other surfaces. Tags can be written in marker pen in distinctive calligraphy, with paint rollers to give a letter style that involves square, block letters, in the ‘bubble’ and three-dimensional formats common to a throw-up, or elaborated into a full-scale piece. Some writers seek to cover as many surfaces of the city as possible with their tag, or to achieve a high number of tags written in a limited period of time: this is known as bombing. Crews select names for themselves as a group; this name will often be written in the same way as a tag, declaring presence or signing off a collaborative piece. Crew names tend to be shorter than writers’ individual names and are usually acronyms, such as RCF (Rock City Funk), ATS (Addicted to Steel) and DMA (Da Mad Artists). The letters might also stand for multiple names, all consonant with graffiti culture or with the ethos of crew members: for the EV crew in New York City, for example, ‘EV’ stood for Experienced Vandals and Ex-Vandals.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	195-196	-
Throw-ups	When a tag is written in large (or ‘fat’), looping, bubble-like letters, it constitutes a throw-up. Often painted in silver, white or black paint, a throw-up is so called because of the swiftness with which the letters can be ‘thrown up’ on to a surface. Although usually much larger than a tag written with marker pen, a throw-up tends to be smaller than a piece. Because of the speed of their execution, throw-ups involve minimal calligraphic elaboration: writers concentrate on achieving consistency of bubble lettering with basic adornments. Letters are filled in and outlined in a contrasting colour.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	196	-
Wild style	This is the most complex version of the graffiti aesthetic. Its origins derive from the Wild Style crew formed by Tracy 168 in the Bronx. Wild style represents an idealized manifestation of graffiti culture: many graffiti writers will never achieve the skills necessary to execute such a piece. It relies on a range of stylistic devices, in which the letters of a tag name are stretched, distorted and reconfigured, and totemic adornments, such as crowns, arrows and smoking joints, are added to the overall design. For the uninitiated, it is extremely difficult to read.	Young, A., 2016. Street art world. Reaktion Books, London, 208 pp.	English	197	-
5-0	euphemism for police officers. Derives from the hit 1970s television drama Hawaii Five-0.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Background a piece	when a graffiti artist doesn’t completely cover another graffiti artist’s work on a subway car. The thinking is that if you completely cover someone, no one knows. But if you partially cover someone— and others can recognize who has been covered—the act is considered to be a serious sign of disrespect.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Biting	to blatantly ape someone else’s style; to steal someone else’s style.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Black book	sketchbooks commonly used by graffiti artists. Many have black covers.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Bomb	to aggressively write graffiti.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Buff	to clean or to have graffiti washed or scrubbed off a surface.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Burner	an exceptional piece or composition.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Cap	the nozzle that regulates the flow of spray paint (affixed to a can of paint). A fine cap produces a thin concentration of spray. A fat cap delivers a broader concentration of spray.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Catwalk	planks of wood that trackworkers and graffiti artists walk on when making their way on elevated tracks.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
End-to-end	a painting that spans from one end of a single train car to the other.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	170	-
Fill	the core color of a piece.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Flooded marker	magic marker teaming with ink.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Full car/whole car	a painting that spans the length and height of an entire train car.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Ghost Yard	infamous train yard situated in the Inwood section of Manhattan.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Hook-up/doo-dad	painted details that might enhance a piece.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
IRT	Interborough Rapid Transit was the private operator of the original underground New York City Subway line, which opened in 1904, and was purchased by the City in June 1940. The former IRT lines are the numbered lines in the current subway system.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Kill	to do a whole lotta graffiti writing…	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
King	one who is respected either for the amount of work they’ve done or recognized for the advanced nature of their work (or both).	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Lay-up	a stretch of track where trains are parked when they are not in service.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Married couple	two separate train cars that are permanently joined together.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
MTA	The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is responsible for public transportation in the U.S. state of New York, as well as operating several toll bridges and tunnels.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	171	-
Noga (Nation of Graffiti Artists)	A non-profit organization founded in 1974 that fostered the talents of young graffiti artists.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Outline	the lines that define the edges of a piece.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Piece	a graffiti painting, shorthand for “masterpiece.”	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Prez	the president of a crew or writing group.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Rack	to steal paint (derived from the paint racks that the paint is “borrowed” from).	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Throw-up	a speedily done, bubble-based letterform that is often utilized as a way to get your name up quickly.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Top-to-bottom	a piece or throw-up that spans a train from top to bottom.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Wild style	a style said to have been pioneered by Tracy 168; has also gone on to symbolize the abstract nature of some graffiti paintings.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
Window-down	a piece or throw-up that lives below the windows on a train car.	Chalfant, H., Jenkins, S., 2014. Training days: The subway artists then and now. Thames & Hudson, New York, 176 pp.	English	172	-
3D	Three-dimensional style of letters for added effects or complexity.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Aerosol	Liquefied paint in a pressurized can that emerges as a mist when sprayed.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Background	The colour or design painted behind the piece or character, making it stand out or be more appealing.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Battle	A competition between two artists or two crews after a rift or disagreement to decide a winner. These skills battles also form part of hip-hop events, often involving a time limit, judges, an audience and knock-out rounds.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Benching	When graffiti artists meet up and converse about their culture. This includes sharing ideas and stories, sharing pictures of their work, sketching and planning designs. Also, the practice of observing graffiti, especially that on trains.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Blockbuster	Large square letters painted with minimal colours and a roller, often used to take over a spot or be seen from a far distance.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Bomb	To go out and paint graffiti illegally, often referred to as 'getting up'. The artist spreads their name or moniker to be seen. This usually involves tags and throw-ups.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Breakdancing/B-boying	A dance movement inspired by breakbeats and martial arts, related to hip-hop culture.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Bubble letters	A simple, rounded form of graffiti letters that originated during the movement's early stages. Often used for throw-up letters as it is quick to execute.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Buff	To remove unwanted graffiti by either painting over it or using chemicals and other instruments.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Calligraffiti	A mixture of calligraphy, typography and graffiti. The literal meaning of the script is sometimes hidden to arouse intrigue through a new visual language or abstract compositions.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Cap	Any one of the interchangeable nozzles that fit onto the can to project the spray at various sizes. A fat cap releases a thick line, while a stencil cap produces a super-fine line. Also. to paint over another artist's work intentionally.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Character	A portrait, either realistic or a cartoon figure.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Crew	A group of graffiti or street artists who paint together. The crew name is often an acronym.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Getting up	When an artist actively spreads their work in multiple locations, thus developing a reputation and gaining respect in the graffiti community.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Graffeur	French terminology for a graffiti artist, especially used in Senegal.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Graffiti	Roughly translates to 'scratches' on a surface, but has evolved over time to become its own subculture largely relating to the graphic practice of (mostly urban) lettering. The hip-hop movement has embraced graffiti as a form of visual art and expression.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Graffiti jam	An organized gathering or 'bench', where graffiti artists meet up to paint a single wall or location together.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Hall of fame	An area that consists of a large amount of graffiti walls or pieces.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Hip-hop	A culture that was established in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Elements include rapping, breakdancing, DJing and graffiti.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Legal	A work painted with permission.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Letter-set	A set of similarly structured graffiti letters, like a font.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Mural	A painting executed directly on an interior or exterior wall, and sometimes a ceiling.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Old-school	Refers to a previous generation, technique or time frame, usually the early or formative days.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Paste-up	Paper glued onto a wall or surface with wheatpaste or wallpaper paste. The paper will usually have a drawing or stencil already on it.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Pixação	A unique form of tagging that originated in Brazil. Whole sides of buildings are covered by pichadores who riskily climb to untouched spots to paint their name or crew name.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Piece	An abbreviation of 'masterpiece', referring to a work of graffiti that is usually large, elaborate and time-consuming to execute. Various effects are incorporated, including 3D and arrows, as well as many colours and colour transitions.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Post-graffiti	A term that describes the current evolution of graffiti as it fuses with street art, fine art and abstraction. Also used to define artists who come from a graffiti background and now practise art professionally.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Production	A large work featuring multiple artists and a theme.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	264	-
Public art	Art produced or exhibited in a public space for people to enjoy freely. Usually installation art, such as architecture, sculpture, ceramics, mosaics and tapestry, as well as performance art. Urban art (street art and graffiti) also falls under the umbrella.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Roller	A rotating brush to spread paint on a wall or surface. Also, a graffiti work made with a paint roller instead of spray paint, usually large in size and simplified in formation.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Roller paint	Common house paint available in a tin or bucket, which is more cost-effective for large or porous surfaces. Also referred to as tub or bucket paint.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Script	To write using a specific alphabet, e.g. Arabic script; the practice of writing script styles.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Spot	A location where one can paint or view graffiti.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Spray paint	Paint in aerosol form: held in a pressurized can, it is released as a fine mist by a propellant gas. This is the main medium used for graffiti as it offers high coverage in little time.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Spraycation	A play on the word 'vacation'. Graffiti artists venture to new places for a so-called working holiday: to get up in a new environment.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Stencil	An illustration or design that is cut out from cardboard or other material. All of the time-consuming work is done beforehand and the artist can quickly transfer the image onto a surface with spray paint. The ability to easily replicate the work in numerous places makes stencils an ideal tool to spread a message or apply effects. Multiple layers render a more intricate design.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Sticker	Similar to a stencil, a sticker is also prepared in advance and can be executed swiftly and discreetly. Peel away the protective sheet to reveal the adhesive, which will stick to most surfaces. The design will be showcased and the options are endless – handmade with a marker or designed on the computer and printed in large quantities.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Street art	A blanket term to describe art found on the streets: predominantly stencils, stickers and paste-ups, although graffiti and other public art are sometimes included. Generally it focuses on more illustrative artworks and murals rather than lettering.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Style	The particular look or aesthetic visible in the work. Many graffiti artists give their letters a unique appearance to be easily identifiable among other artists even when working with alternative names or words. A good style is well balanced yet rhythmical.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Style writing	When a graffiti artist produces a letter piece.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Tag	As a noun, the stylized signature or name of a graffiti artist. As a verb, to write or paint one's graffiti signature or name, usually with great speed.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Throw-up	A work in-between a tag and a piece in terms of complexity and labour intensity. It is usually executed quickly and comprises a single-colour outline with a single layer of fill colour. Graffiti artists generally create a fixed throw-up style in order for their work to be easily identified, like a logo.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Top-to-bottom	First referenced with regard to a train carriage, a top-to-bottom is a piece that stretches from the top of the wall or train car all the way to the bottom.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Trackside	A graffiti work painted along a railway line, or visible from a train.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Traditional graffiti	Refers to the common practices of graffiti such as tags, throw- ups and pieces. Wildstyle, 3D and bubble letters were part of the early formation and have since become the basis for today's graffiti practitioners. With the constant evolution of the craft, new, elaborate and experimental techniques are classified under additional categories such as abstract graffiti.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Up	Graffiti artists, or writers, are considered 'up' when their work becomes well known. This is determined by the amount of visible graffiti they have painted – taking style, skill and location into account.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Urban art	A blanket term used to describe art found in urban areas, including traditional graffiti and street art; also includes more traditional artists such as fine artists, illustrators and designers who may work at a street level when an opportunity is presented.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Wheat paste	A basic glue made from flour, water and sometimes sugar. Used for wheat pasting or paste-ups.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Wildstyle	A complex and highly stylized form of graffiti that is difficult to read or decipher. It often features three-dimensional type with elaborate connections.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Writer	A graffiti artist or practitioner.	Waddacor, C., 2020. Street Art Africa. Thames & Hudson, London, New York, 272 pp.	English	265	-
Banksy	The mythical character of the graffiti scene, Banksy is identified as a troubadour of modern times. Renowned committed artist, no social fact resists him since he is incisive and mind-blowing in his art. Nowadays, Banksy has a place among the greats of this world by his countless reprehensible, but very subversive acts. He loves to provoke, shock even to disturb society and that is why his work is so important. Despite his ability to break the rules, he remains to this day a mystery since his true identity has never been revealed. (http://www.artbanksy.com)	Walker, X.B., 2020. Abandoned East Bay San Francisco: Where Graffiti Is King. America Through Time, Charleston, 96 pp.	English	92	-
Basquiat	Jean-Michel Basquiat was born on December 22, 1960, in Brooklyn, New York. He first attracted attention for his graffiti under the name 'SAMO' in New York City. He sold sweatshirts and postcards featuring his artwork on the streets before his painting career took off. He collaborated with Andy Warhol in the mid-1980s, which resulted in a show of their work. Basquiat died on August 12, 1988, in New York City. (https://www.biography.com/artist/jean-michel-basquiat)	Walker, X.B., 2020. Abandoned East Bay San Francisco: Where Graffiti Is King. America Through Time, Charleston, 96 pp.	English	92	-
Keith Haring	Keith Haring first became noticed when he began drawing on unused advertising panels in the New York subway. By the end of his career he was an internationally known artist who is still exhibited in museums today. (http://www.haring.com/!/about-haring/bio)	Walker, X.B., 2020. Abandoned East Bay San Francisco: Where Graffiti Is King. America Through Time, Charleston, 96 pp.	English	92	-
Tag	A stylized signature, normally done in one color. The simplest and most prevalent type of graffiti, a tag is often done in a color that contrasts sharply with its background. Tag can also be used as a verb meaning "to sign." Writers often tag on or beside their pieces, following the practice of traditional artists who sign their artwork.	Walker, X.B., 2020. Abandoned East Bay San Francisco: Where Graffiti Is King. America Through Time, Charleston, 96 pp.	English	92	-
Ad-Busting	Ad-Busting setzt sich aus den englischen Begriffen ad (= Werbung) und (to) bust (= sprengen) zusammen. Werbung wird durch Hinzufügen oder Wegnehmen zur Antiwerbung mit dem Ziel der Kritik an der Allgegenwart der Werbung in Städten.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Bombing	Schnelles, meist wenig detailreiches Graffiti, auch Throw-up genannt. Es geht mehr um die quantitative Verbreitung des Namens. Im Allgemeinen bezeichnet Bombing das massenhafte Anbringen von Stickern, Tags etc.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Character	Im Graffiti werden Character als figürliche, meist comicartige Darstellungen in Kombination mit Schrift verwendet. In der Urban Art werden Character meist als alleinstehendes Motiv ohne Schrift verwendet.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Dripstick	Schreibwerkzeug aus Plastik, bestehend aus Farbbehälter und saugfähiger Spitze. Je nach Druck wird mehr oder weniger Farbe verwendet. Charakteristisch ist die meist schwarze, tropfende Linie (engl. drip = tropfen).	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Hall ofFame	Ein zugewiesener Ort, an dem Sprayer die Möglichkeit haben, legal und ohne Zeitdruck Wände zu gestalten.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Kreidegraffiti	Zeichnungen mit Kreide (z . B. Tafel- oder Straßenkreide) auf Böden oder Wände in der Stadt. Kreide eignet sich vor al lern für Schrift oder lineare Zeichnungen (wie z.B. Schattenzeichnungen). Kreide ist das natürlichste Material, da es umweltfreundlich und je nach Witterung schnell wieder verschwindet.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Murals	Wandbilder im öffentlichen Raum, die aufwendig und raumgreifend gestaltet sind und daher meistens legal entstehen. Murals (engl.= Wandbild) haben eine lange Tradition, vor allem in Südamerika.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Paste-up	Vorgefertigtes Poster aus Papier, das bemalt, bedruckt oder besprüht ist und mit Kleister an Stadtwände geklebt wird. Eine spezielle Form ist das Cut-out, bei dem das Motiv entlang der Umrisslinien ausgeschnitten wird.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Piece	Farblich und stilistisch aufwändiges Graffitibild, das mehrfarbig ist, einen Hintergrund hat und zusätzlich oft mit Characters kombiniert wird.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Seil-out	Ein Künstler wird des Sell-outs (engl. = Ausverkauf) beschuldigt, wenn er den Anschein erweckt, das seine Hauptmotivation für das Anbringen von Kunst im öffentlichen Raum finanzieller Natur ist.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Stencil	Stencils oder Pochoirs (frz. = Schablone) sind Schablonen, die aus Pappe oder Plastik angefertigt werden. Sie ermöglichen die schnelle und häufige Verbreitung eines Motivs im öffentlichen Raum mithilfe von Sprayfarbe. Stencils können sowohl einfarbig sein als auch mehrfarbig, d. h., man benötigt jeweils eine eigene Schablone pro Farbschicht.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	86	-
Sticker	Vorgefertigte Aufkleber, die im öffentlichen Raum zur Verbreitung des eigenen Namens oder Logos angebracht werden.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	87	-
Strickgraffiti	Stadtmöbel (z. B. Laternen, Bäume) werden mit bunter Wolle umstrickt, auch „Urban Knitting'' genannt.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	87	-
Tag	Simpler und einfarbiger Schriftzug mit dem Pseudonym des Writers. Ein Tag (engl. = Markierung) wird meist schnell mit Sprühdose oder wasserfestem Marker angebracht.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	87	-
Tape-Art	Das Anbringen von Bildern oder Schriftzügen im öffentlichen Raum mithilfe von Klebeband. Die Bänder gibt es in vielen Dicken und Farben und lassen sich auch zu Rundungen formen. Der VorteiI ist das rückstandlose Entfernen des Kunstwerks.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	87	-
Tile-Art	Gestaltete Kacheln werden im öffentlichen Raum angebracht oder sogar ausgetauscht. lnvader gilt als bekanntester Vertreter dieser Kunstform, der seine Computerspielfiguren aus Mosaiken weltweit verbreitet.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	87	-
Writer	Bezeichnung für Graffitisprayer, die den künstlerischen Prozess des Schreibens betont.	Dürig, A., 2018. Von der Straße in den Kunstunterricht: Urban Art: Kunstprojekte mit Bild-für-Bild-Anleitungen - Künstlerporträts - Differenzierungsangebote, Second ed. AOL Verlag, Hamburg, 88 + CD-ROM.	German	87	-
Adbusting	nennen die Künstler das Verändern von Werbeplakaten mit kritischen, oft humorvollen Kommentaren oder Illustrationen.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
All City	Den Namen und die eigenen Kunstwerke in der ganzen Stadt zu verbreiten, ist das oberste Gebot für Graffiti- und Street-Art-Künstler. 	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Black Book	Skizzenbuch, in das auch oft Bilder der Werke eingeklebt werden. Künstler tauschen ihre Bücher untereinander aus, um Skizzen von Freunden zu sammeln.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Bombing	bezeichnet das massive illegale Verbreiten des Künstlernamens, oft als schnell geschriebene Signaturen oder einfache in Silber und Schwarz gesprühte Schriftzüge. Der Begriff bombing bzw. Bombing steht dabei sowohl für den Akt als auch für dessen Ergebnis. Heute wird der Begriff auch in der Street Art verwendet.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Buff (oder buffen)	ist die Entfernung von Graffiti und Street Art von Zügen und Wänden.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Burner	sind besonders gelungene GraffitiBilder, die mit perfekter Technik, leuchtenden Farben und eigenem Still die Konkurrenz in den Schatten stellen.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Calligraffiti	ist die Symbiose aus Kalligrafie und Graffiti. Von einigen wenigen Pionieren ins Leben gerufen, ist Calligraffiti heute eine eigene und weltweite Bewegung.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Character	nennen Sprüher figürliche Darstellungen in ihren Graffitis. Die Figuren sind oft dem Stil von Comics entlehnt, können aber auch fotorealistisch gemalte Menschen, Tiere oder Objekte sein.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Crew	Der Zusammenschluss von Künstlern in Crews dient im Besonderen der Bekanntmachung des Crew-Namens. Erfolgreiche Crews haben oft sehr strenge Regeln und gehen wie professionelle Banden vor. Die Kollaboration von Künstlern an gemeinsamen Bildern ist ein besonderes Merkmal der Graffiti-Bewegung, aber auch in der Street Art gibt es Crews oder Künstlerkollektive.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Crossen	ist das Durchstreichen, Überschreiben oder Übermalen eines anderen Künstlers.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Culture Jamming (auch Guerilla Communication)	ist eine subversive Taktik, bei der die Sprachrohre von Großkonzernen und Politik gegen sie selbst gewendet werden. Gefälschte Anzeigen, Zeitungsmeldungen und sogar falsche Pressekonferenzen, veränderte Werbeplakate und Firmenlogos, gehackte Anzeigetafeln und Fernsehsendungen durchbrechen dabei die Kontrolle der Massenmedien.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
End-to-End	ist ein über die ganze Länge bemalter Zugwaggon.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Fame	zu bekommen - unter Graffiti-Künstlern und darüber hinaus berühmt zu werden-, ist das wichtigste Motiv für das Schreiben des eigenen Namens an allen möglichen und unmöglichen Orten.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Freestyle	Aufwendige Bilder ohne Skizze aus dem Gedächtnis oder nach Gefühl zu malen, erfordert die jahrelange Übung des Künstlers.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Gentrifizierung	Die kommerzielle Erschliessung von Stadtvierteln hat meist sehr negative Folgen für die Sozialstruktur. Ärmere Bewohner sehen sich zur Abwanderung gezwungen und stadtteileigene Kulturangebote und Subkulturen werden zerstört. Der Kampf gegen die Gentrifizierung ist eines der wichtigsten Themen der Street Art.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Graffiti Writing	die Kunst seinen Namen zu schreiben, setzt beim Buchstaben an, und der Graffiti Writer entwickelt daraus komplexe Schriftstile und Codes. Basis dieser Sprache sind illegale Tags, Graffiti Pieces, Character - und natürlich Farne und die Eroberung von Raum.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Guerilla Communication	siehe Culture Jamming.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Guerilla Gardening	findet ohne Erlaubnis au öffentlichen oder privaten Grundstücken statt. Oft handelt es sich dabei um unbeachtete, verlassene oder verwahrloste Ort Das Spektrum der Gärtner reicht von der Kultivierung von Obst- und Gemüsebeeten bis hin zu verspielten Installationen aus Objekten, Blumen und den verschiedensten Pflanzen.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Guerilla Knitting (auch Yarn Bombing)	ist eine relativ neue Form der Street Art, bei der Objekte im öffentlichen Raum mit bunten Strickarbeiten eingehüllt werden.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Guerilla Marketing	nennt man den Einsatz von Techniken und Taktiken aus Graffiti und Street Art bei der Werbung für Marken, Produkte und politische Parteien.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Guerilla Videoprojektion	Künstler nutzen generatorbetriebene Videoprojektoren, um ihre Guerillabotschaften großformatig auf die Stadt zu projizieren, oft auf Hochsicherheitsgebäude der Regierung, Botschaften, Banken und Konzerne: für die meisten Street-Art-Künstler ein unerreichbares Terrain.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Hand-Styles	Die Handschrift ist das Markenzeichen des Graffiti Writers. Was manche für einfache Kritzeleien halten, ist oft komplexe Kalligrafie, deren Beherrschung jahrelange Übung voraussetzt.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Internationale Situationisten	Eine Ende der 1950er-Jahre von Frankreich nach Europa ausgreifende, marxistisch orientierte Künstlergruppe. Für ihr Ziel einer „fantastischen Umgestaltung der Stadt" wurden sie mit Happenings, Publikationen und spektakulärer Aktionskunst zu Vorreitern des Culture Jamming.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	190	-
Lay-up	ist ein Abstellgleis für Züge, wie es oft in U-Bahn-Tunneln zu finden ist.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Marker	Filzstifte in den verschiedensten Breiten und Farben gehören zu den beliebtesten Werkzeugen der Graffiti und Street-Art-Künstler.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Masterpiece (Kurzform Piece)	Seit Anfang der 1970er nannten Graffiti Writer ihre Bilder Masterpiece. In ihrer ursprünglichen Form bestanden diese aus einfarbig gefüllten Buchstaben, deren Umriss mit einer Outline versehen war. Heute bezeichnet die Kurzform Piece ein Graffiti-Bild und das Wort Masterpiece wird nur noch für besondere Meisterwerke verwendet.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Media-Hack	Das gezielte Einbringen von Botschaften in soziale Netzwerke und Massenmedien. Oft wird dies im Wahlkampf zur Verbreitung einer politischen Agenda eingesetzt. Es kann sich aber auch um subversive Nachrichten handeln, zum Beispiel beim Hacken von Websites oder Großbildschirmen. Auch manche analog versteckten Botschaften in Film und Fernsehen durch Schauspieler und Bühnendesigner wurden berühmte Media-Hacks.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Mural	Wandgemälde	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Old School	Ursprünglich wurde nur die erste Generation der Graffiti Writer aus den frühen 1970er-Jahren zur alten Schule (Old School) gezählt. Da seitdem einige Generationen hinzugekommen sind, gibt es keine allgemeingültige Definition mehr. Als Old-School-Graffiti wird gemeinhin der auf den New Yorker U-Bahn- Zügen entwickelte Stil bezeichnet.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Outline	ist die einfarbige Umrandung der Umrisse von Buchstaben oder Character.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Paste-ups	werden als aufwendige Papierschnitte, handgezeichnete Motive und Siebdruckplakate vorbereitet und dann mit Pinsel oder Rolle sowie Tapeten- oder selbstgemachtem Kleister an den Wänden aufgebracht. Bei großen Arbeiten kann es vorkommen, dass sie ohne Hilfe gar nicht installiert werden können.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Piece	siehe Masterpiece.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Poster	und Plakate sind ein sehr beliebtes Medium für Street Artists. Sie können einfach und unauffällig an denselben Stellen wie Werbeposter angebracht werden.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Roller (auch Roller Piece)	nennt man ein mit Farbrolle gemaltes Piece oder Mural. Mit dieser Technik, bei der oft Teleskopstangen eingesetzt werden, können rasch sehr großflächige Bilder entstehen.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Spraycan/Sprühdose	Der norwegische Ingenieur Erik Rotheim erfand die Sprühdose im Jahr 1926. Edward Seymour kombinierte 1949 Lack mit Treibgas und stellte so die Sprühfarbe her. Graffiti befreite die Sprühdose schließlich von ihrem praktischen Zweck und verwandelte sie in ein unglaublich wirksames Kreativ-Werkzeug.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Stencils	sind auf der Straße schnell gesprüht, aber die Vorbereitung der Schablonen ist zeitaufwendig. Das Design wird aus Karton, Pappe oder Kunststoff geschnitten. Für die illegale Nutzung sind Stencils oft einfach gehalten, manche Künstler bedienen sich aber auch einer komplexen Multilayer-Technik.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Sticker/Aufkleber	sind ein einfaches, wirkungsvolles, risikoarmes und kostengünstiges Medium für Künstler. Zu den Beispielen zählen die weitverbreiteten „Hello my name is"-Aufkleber, individuell gestaltete Paketaufkleber, Aufkleber aus Folie, Papier und Siebdruck sowie kommerziell produzierte Sticker.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Street-Art-lnstallationen	können Konstruktionen aus verschiedensten Materialien sein: Miniaturdioramen und -figuren, Skulpturen und Assemblagen, großformatige, sensorische Erlebnis- oder komplex konstruierte Lebenswelten.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Style	Einen eigenen Stil zu entwickeln ist für Neueinsteiger eines der wichtigsten und am schwierigsten zu erreichenden Ziele. Nur mit einem eigenen Style kann ein Künstler wirklich kreativ und innovativ sein und sich von seinen Mitstreitern abheben. Style wird auch synonym für Piece als Bezeichnung für ein Graffiti-Bild verwendet.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Subway	ist die US-amerikanische Bezeichnung für U-Bahn.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Tags	die Signaturen des Graffiti Writers, sind sein Erkennungszeichen. Der Tag eines Künstlers kann verschiedene Variationen haben, aber bestimmte Merkmale bleiben, fast wie bei einem Logo, immer gleich. Oft sind Tags einfach zu lesen, aber manchmal sind sie auch komplex und nur von Insidern zu entziffern.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Throw-up	ist ein schnell zweifarbig gesprühter Name oder eine Abkürzung davon. Throw-ups sind ähnlich wie Tags immer gleich und können in kurzer Zeit massenhaft gemalt werden.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Top-to-Bottom	ist ein von oben bis unten bemalter Zugwaggon.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Toy	ist eine abfällige Bezeichnung für Anfänger und untalentierte Möchtegernkünstler. Das Wort kann sich sowohl auf die Qualität der Arbeit eines Anwärters beziehen als auch auf dessen Einstellung oder unprofessionelles Verhalten bei nächtlichen Aktionen.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Urbane Intervention	Street Art ist von Natur aus eine Form der urbanen Intervention. Als solche wird ein Werk bezeichnet, das mit einem bereits bestehenden Element, einem Gebäude, der Umwelt oder einer vorgefundenen Situation im Stadtbild interagiert. Skulpturen, kreative Umgestaltung von Statuen, konzeptionell Guerilla-Kunst, Guerilla Gardening, Umgestaltung von Architektur und Straßenschildern – die Möglichkeiten sind unbegrenzt. Und: Die Nachricht ist dabei oft in wunderbar Absurdes verhüllt.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Whole Car	ist ein einseitig über die ganze Fläche bemalter Zugwaggon.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Whole Train	ist ein einseitig über die ganze Fläche bemalter Zug.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Wild Style	ist ein besonders komplex, mit vielen Schwüngen und Verbindung gezeichnetes oder gemaltes Piece. Oft sind die Buchstaben hierbei so dekonstruiert und abstrakt, dass sie nur von anderen Graffiti Writern gelesen werden können.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Window-down	ist ein Bild unterhalb der Fenster eines Zuges.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Yard	ist ein U-Bahn- oder Zug-Depot.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Yarn Bombing	siehe Guerilla Knitting.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	German	192	-
Adbusting	is what the artists call the alteration of advertising posters with the addition of critical, often humorous comments or illustrations.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
All-City	spreading one's name and works of art throughout the whole city is of the highest priority for graffiti and street artists.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Blackbook	sketchbook in which pictures of the artworks are pasted. Artists exchange books among themselves in order to collect sketches from friends.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Bombing	refers to the massive, illegal dissemination of the artist's name, often as quickly written signatures or simple characters sprayed in silver and black. The term bombing stands for both the act and its results. Today the term is also employed in Street Art.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Buff (buffing)	is the removal of graffiti and Street Art from trains and walls.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Burner	refers to an especially successful graffiti picture that puts the competition in the shade with its perfect technique, luminous colours, and individual style.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Calligraffiti	is the symbiosis of calligraphy and graffiti. Initially the work of a few pioneers, calligraffiti is now an independent, worldwide movement.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Character	is the name given by graffiti writers to figurative elements in their graffiti. The figures are often rendered in a comic-book style, but can also be photorealistic paintings of people, animals, or objects.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Crew	the association of artists in crews predominately serves to spread the name of the crew. Successful crews often have very strict rules and operate like professional gangs. The collaboration of artists on pictures is a particular feature of the graffiti movement, although crews or artist collectives are also a feature of Street Art.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Crossing out	is the crossing out, writing, or overpainting of the work of another artist.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Culture jamming (also guerrilla communication)	is a subversive tactic to turn the means of communication employed by large companies and the political establishment against itself. Fake adverts, newspaper reports and even fake press conferences, altered advertising posters and company logos, hacked display panels, and spoof television programs subvert the control of the mass media.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
End-to-end	is a train carriage painted along its entire length.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Fame	– among graffiti artists and beyond – is the main motivation for writing one's own name on all possible and impossible places.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Freestyle	painting complex pictures without sketches, or from memory or feeling, requires years of practice on the artist's part.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Gentrification	the commercial exploitation of city districts generally has a highly negative effect on the social structure. Poorer residents are forced to move out and local cultural energy and subcultures are destroyed. The struggle against gentrification is one of the most powerful themes of Street Art.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Graffiti writing	the art of writing one's name, starts with a letter and develops into complex lettering styles and codes among graffiti writers. The basis of this language is illegal tags, graffiti pieces, and characters – and naturally also about acquiring fame and conquering territory.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Guerrilla communication	see culture jamming.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Guerrilla gardening	is conducted without permission on public or private plots of land, frequently on neglected, abandoned, or derelict sites. The spectrum of gardening activities ranges from the cultivation of fruit- and vegetable plots through to playful installations composed of objects, flowers, and a variety of plants.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Guerrilla knitting (also yarn bombing)	is a relatively new form of Street Art which involves covering objects in the public space with colourful knitting.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Guerrilla marketing	refers to the use of graffiti- and Street Art techniques and tactics in order to advertise brands, products, and political parties.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Guerrilla video projection	artists use guerrilla video projections run on generators, often portable, to project messages of a grand scale in the city, including on high-security government institutions, embassies, banks, and corporations: uncharted territory for most street artists.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Handstyles	handwriting is the graffiti writer's trademark. What for some people looks like mere scribble is often a complex form of calligraphy that takes many years' practice to master.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
International Situationists	were an artists' group with a Marxist orientation, which began in France at the end of the 1950s, and subsequently spread across Europe. Employing happenings, publications, and spectacular action art in pursuit of their goal of a "fantastic reshaping of the city", they were the pioneers of culture jamming.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Lay-up	refers to a siding for trains, as often found in underground train-network tunnels.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	191	-
Marker	felt-tip pens of various nib widths and colours are among the most popular tools of graffiti and street artists.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Masterpiece (or for short, piece)	since the beginning of the 1970s, graffiti writers have called their pictures masterpieces. In their original form, these consisted of filled letters in a single colour with an outline around the edges. Today the abbreviation "piece" is used to describe a graffiti picture and the epithet "masterpiece" is reserved for special works.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Media hack	the targeted placement of messages in social networks and the mass media. These are often employed in election campaigns to spread a political agenda. It can also refer to subversive messages, for example, via website hacking or on large-format screens. Hidden analogue messages in film and television inserted by actors and set designers have also become famous media hacks.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Mural	wall painting.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Old school	originally, only first-generation graffiti writers from the early 1970s were termed "old school". However, since there have been several generations since then, there is no longer a generally accepted definition. Old school graffiti generally refers to the style developed on New York subway trains. 	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Outline	refers to the single-colour border around letters or characters.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Paste-ups	are prepared in advance; paste-ups take shape in intricate paper cut-outs, hand-drawn motifs, and screen-printed posters. Artists fix these to the wall using wallpaper paste or homemade wheat-paste with a brush or roller. Big pieces may require help to install.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Piece	see masterpiece.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Posters	and placards are a very popular medium for street artists. They can be installed easily and inconspicuously at the same sites as advertising posters.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Roller (also roller piece): 	is the name given to a piece or mural created using a paint roller. This technique, which often involves the use of telescopic poles, enables very large-scale pictures to be painted in a short space of time.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Spray can	Norwegian engineer Erik Rotheim invented the spray can in 1926. In 1949, Edward Seymour combined paint with aerosol propulsion to make spray paint. Graffiti liberated spray paint from its practical intent turning the spray can into a colossal creative force.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Stencils	are quickly sprayed in the streets but time-intensive to prepare. The design is cut-out of strong card, cardboard, or plastic. For illegal use, often stencils are kept simple; however, some artists use complex multilayering techniques.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Stickers	are an easy, effective, low-risk, and low-cost medium used by graffiti and street artists. Examples include the ubiquitous "Hello my name is" sticker, customized postal stickers, vinyl, paper, handmade, screen-printed, and the commercially produced.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Street Art installations	can be constructions composed of a variety of materials: miniature dioramas and figures, sculptures and assemblages, large-scale installations providing particular sensory experiences, or complex constructed environments.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Style	developing one's own style is one of the most important and difficult goals for beginners. Only with an individual style is it possible for artists to genuinely be creative, innovative, and raise themselves above the competition. "Style" is also used as a synonym for "piece" to describe a graffiti picture.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Subway	is the American term for the underground train network.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Tags	are the signatures of graffiti writers, their distinctive marks. An artist's tag can have a range of variations, though certain features, almost like a logo, remain constant. Tags are often simple to read, but they can also be complex, only decipherable by insiders.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Throw up	refers to a quickly sprayed name or abbreviation in two colours. Throw ups, similar to tags, are always the same and can be painted in large numbers in a short space of time.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Top-to-bottom	is a train carriage painted from top to bottom.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Toy	is a derogatory term for beginners and untalented would-be artists. The word can refer to both the quality of the novice's work as well as their attitude or unprofessional behaviour during nighttime actions.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Urban intervention	by its nature, Street Art is a form of urban intervention. A work that interacts with an existing element, a building, the environment, or a found situation within the cityscape is termed as such. Sculptures, the creative reshaping of statues, conceptual guerrilla art, guerrilla gardening, the refashioning of architecture and street signs – the possibilities are endless – the message often cloaked in the wonderfully absurd.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Whole-car	refers to a train carriage completely painted on one side.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Whole-train	refers to a train completely painted on one side.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Wildstyle	is an especially complex piece drawn or painted with numerous sweeps and connections. The letters are often so deconstructed and abstract that they can only be deciphered by other graffiti writers.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Window-down	refers to a picture beneath a train window.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Yard	refers to a subway or train depot.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
Yarn bombing	see guerrilla knitting.	McCormick, C., Grünhäuser, A., Nocenti, A., Scholz, C., Biancoshock, 2017. Magic City: Die Kunst der Straße / The Art of the Street. From Here To Fame Publishing, Berlin, 196 pp.	English	193	-
