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J	Skopik, F; Schall, D; Dustdar, S				Skopik, Florian; Schall, Daniel; Dustdar, Schahram			Modeling and mining of dynamic trust in complex service-oriented systems	INFORMATION SYSTEMS			English	Article						Collaborative environment; Service-orientation; Social trust; Interaction patterns; Flexible composition; Crowdsourcing	SOCIAL NETWORKS; VIRTUAL TEAMS; AD HOC; PATTERNS; BUSINESS; WEB; SIMILARITY; DISTRUST	The global scale and distribution of companies have changed the economy and dynamics of businesses. Web-based collaborations and cross-organizational processes typically require dynamic and context-based interactions between people and services. However, finding the right partner to work on joint tasks or to solve emerging problems in such scenarios is challenging due to scale and temporary nature of collaborations. Furthermore, actor competencies evolve over time, thus requiring dynamic approaches for their management. Web services and SOA are the ideal technical framework to automate interactions spanning people and services. To support such complex interaction scenarios, we discuss mixed service-oriented systems that are composed of both humans and software services, interacting to perform certain activities. As an example, consider a professional online support community consisting of interactions between human participants and software-based services. We argue that trust between members is essential for successful collaborations. Unlike a security perspective, we focus on the notion of social trust in collaborative networks. We show an interpretative rule-based approach to enable humans and services to establish trust based on interactions and experiences, considering their context and subjective perceptions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	[Skopik, Florian; Schall, Daniel; Dustdar, Schahram] Vienna Univ Technol, Distributed Syst Grp, A-1040 Vienna, Austria	Skopik, F (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Distributed Syst Grp, Argentinierstr 8-184-1, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.	skopik@infosys.tuwien.ac.at; schall@infosys.tuwien.ac.at; dustdar@infosys.tuwien.ac.at	Dustdar, Schahram/G-9877-2015	Dustdar, Schahram/0000-0001-6872-8821; Skopik, Florian/0000-0002-1922-7892	European Union [FP7-216256]	This work is supported by the European Union through the FP7-216256 Project COIN.	ABDUL-RAHMAN A, 2000, HAW INT C SYST SCI H; Agrawal A., 2007, WS BPEL EXTENSION PE; Amend M., 2007, WEB SERVICES HUMAN T; Artz D, 2007, J WEB SEMANT, V5, P58, DOI 10.1016/j.websem.2007.03.002; Baldauf M, 2007, INT J AD HOC UBIQ CO, V2, P263, DOI 10.1504/IJAHUC.2007.014070; Balthazard P., 2004, Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, V35, P41; Breslin J., 2009, SOCIAL SEMANTIC WEB, V48, P251; Camarinha-Matos L. 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J., 1996, FUZZY SET THEORY ITS; Zuo Y., 2005, ACM S APPL COMP, P1582	60	39	41	0	53	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND	0306-4379			INFORM SYST	Inf. Syst.	NOV	2010	35	7					735	757		10.1016/j.is.2010.03.001		23	Computer Science, Information Systems	Computer Science	626ND	WOS:000279971800002		No			2017-07-02	
J	Heipke, C				Heipke, Christian			Crowdsourcing geospatial data	ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING			English	Article						Mapping; Web 2.0; Geo-referencing; User-generated content; Crowdsourcing		In this paper we review recent developments of crowdsourcing geospatial data. While traditional mapping is nearly exclusively coordinated and often also carried out by large organisations, crowdsourcing geospatial data refers to generating a map using informal social networks and web 2.0 technology. Key differences are the fact that users lacking formal training in map making create the geospatial data themselves rather than relying on professional services; that potentially very large user groups collaborate voluntarily and often without financial compensation with the result that at a very low monetary cost open datasets become available and that mapping and change detection occur in real time. This situation is similar to that found in the Open Source software environment. We shortly explain the basic technology needed for crowdsourcing geospatial data, discuss the underlying concepts including quality issues and give some examples for this novel way of generating geospatial data. We also point at applications where alternatives do not exist such as life traffic information systems. Finally we explore the future of crowdsourcing geospatial data and give some concluding remarks. (C) 2010 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetrie & GeoInfomat, D-30167 Hannover, Germany	Heipke, C (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetrie & GeoInfomat, Nienburger St 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.	heipke@ipi.uni-hannover.de					Agarwal S., 2009, P INT C COMP VIS ICC; BISHOP CM, 2006, PATTERN RECOGN, P739; Brassel K., 1995, ELEMENTS SPATIAL DAT, P81; BRENNER C, 2008, EUROSDR OFFICIAL PUB, V54; Cao L., 2009, P 17 ACM SIGSPATIAL; FORSYTH D, 2003, COMPUTER VISION MODE, P693; Fritz S, 2009, REMOTE SENS-BASEL, V1, P345, DOI 10.3390/rs1030345; Gerke M, 2008, INT J GEOGR INF SCI, V22, P871, DOI 10.1080/13658810701703258; Goodchild MF, 1997, INT J GEOGR INF SCI, V11, P299, DOI 10.1080/136588197242419; Goodchild M.F., 2008, P C AU FRANKS 60 BIR; Goodchild MF, 2007, GEOJOURNAL, V69, P211, DOI 10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y; Gosseln G.V., 2005, ISPRS BOOK SERIES, P69; GUELAT JC, 2010, EUROSDR OFFICIAL PUB, V57; HACKLAY M, 2009, DIGITAL DIVIDE OPENS; HACKLAY M, 2008, ENV PLANN B IN PRESS; HACKLAY M, 2009, OPENSTREETMAP ORDNAN; HAVERCROFT M, 2010, EUROSDR OFFICIAL PUB, V57; Heipke C, 2004, PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S, V70, P185; HEIPKE C, 2008, EUROSDR OFFICIAL PUB, V54; Heipke C., 1998, PHOTOGRAMM FERNERKUN, V2, P81; Hudson-Smith A, 2009, SOC SCI COMPUT REV, V27, P524, DOI 10.1177/0894439309332299; JOOS G, 2000, SCHRIFTENREIHE STUDI; Kounadi O., 2009, THESIS U COLL LONDON; KUNIAVSKY M, 2009, SMART THINGS OUTLINE; LEBERL F, 2010, GIS DEV, V14, P22; Leymann F., 2009, P 52 PHOT WEEK SEPT, P3; MATYAS S, 2007, P 10 AGILE INT C GEO; MAUE P, 2008, 11 AGILE INT C GEOGR; MAYER H, 2008, REMOTE SENSING SPATI, V37, P633; Nielsen J, 2006, PARTICIPATION INEQUA; O'Reilly Tim, 2005, WHAT IS WEB 2 0 DESI; O'Reilly T., 2009, WEB SQUARED WEB 2 0; Poser K., 2009, 12 AGILE INT C GEOGR; RAMM F, 2008, P FOSSGIS 2008 FREIB; Rana S., 2009, J LOCATION BASED SER, V3, P75, DOI DOI 10.1080/17489720903146824; RAYMOND ES, 2002, CATHEDRAL BAZAAR VER; SAYDA F, 2005, 8 AGILE INT C GEOGR; SCHMITZ S, 2009, INDIAN CARTOGRAPHER, V28, P1; STEFANIDIS A, 2004, GEOSENSOR NETWORKS, P296; STREILEIN A, 2010, EUROSDR OFFICIAL PUB, V57; TURNER A, 2006, INTRO NEOGEOGRAPHY, P54; VIGLINO JM, 2010, EUROSDR OFFICIAL PUB, V57; Wald D. J., 1999, SEISMOL RES LETT, V70, P680, DOI DOI 10.1785/GSSRL.70.6.680; Wolf BM, 2007, MACH VISION APPL, V18, P317, DOI 10.1007/s00138-006-0064-9; ATKINSON I, 2004, Patent No. 1348208	45	116	122	5	65	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV	AMSTERDAM	PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	0924-2716			ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM	ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.	NOV	2010	65	6					550	557		10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.06.005		8	Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology	Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology	689JH	WOS:000284923400007		No			2017-07-02	
J	Garcia-De-Torres, E				Garcia-De-Torres, Elvira			User generated content: a state of the situation	PROFESIONAL DE LA INFORMACION			Spanish	Article						User generated content; UGC; Citizen journalism; Online journalism; Research; Participatory journalism; Web 2.0	CITIZEN JOURNALISM; ONLINE NEWS; WEB SITES; INTERACTIVITY; MEDIA; CREDIBILITY; INTERNET; FORUMS	The conceptual relationships between what has been called citizen journalism, participatory journalism and crowdsourcing journalism in the context of the evolution of user-generated content (UGC) in the media are examined. The research on user participation in the media, since the first studies of interactivity to the most recent work addressing specific issues such as quality or control, is also reviewed.	Univ Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain	Garcia-De-Torres, E (reprint author), Univ Cardenal Herrera, Luis Vives 1, Valencia 46115, Spain.	egarcia@uch.ceu.es					Abdul-Mageed MM, 2008, TRIPLEC-COMMUN CAPIT, V6, P59; Acosta-Valencia Gladys L., 2008, 10 C REDC CON HIP DE; Allan S., 2009, CITIZEN JOURNALISM G; BAKKER P, 2009, FUT JOURN C CARD; Berger J., 2009, SOCIAL TRANSMISSION; BERGLAND R, 2010, 10 INT ONL JOURN S U; The Bivings Group, 2008, US INT AM LARG NEWSP; BLOOD R, 2002, WE VE GOT BLOG; Boczkowski PJ, 2005, DIGITIZING NEWS INNO; BOWMAN S, 2002, WE MEDIA AUDIENCES A; BRADSHAW P, 2007, FUT NEWSP C CARD; Caballero U., 2000, REV U GUADALAJARA; CABALLERO U, 1998, REV MEXICANA COMUNIC; CALMONALVES R, 2008, 1 C INT CIB OP; CEA MN, 2009, REV LATINA COMUNICAC; Chung Deborah S., 2009, NEWSPAPER RES J, V30, P72; CORREDOIRA L, 2008, INFORM AEDE PRENSA D; Deuze M, 2006, INFORM SOC, V22, P63, DOI 10.1080/01972240600567170; Deuze Mark, 2007, JOURNALISM PRACTICE, V1, P322, DOI [10.1080/17512780701504864, DOI 10.1080/17512780701504864]; DIAZNOCI J, 2010, 10 INT ONL JOURN S U; Domingo D, 2008, JOURNALISM PRACTICE, V2, P326, DOI DOI 10.1080/17512780802281065; Domingo D, 2008, J COMPUT-MEDIAT COMM, V13, P680, DOI 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00415.x; FOLAYAN OO, 2004, THESIS RHODES U; FONT JL, 1999, PRENSA LATINOAMERICA; Fortunati Leopoldina, 2005, INFORM LINE, V1, P417; Foster S, 2008, FIJIAN STUDIES J CON, V6, P112; FRANCO G, SITUACION PERIODISMO; Franco G., 2004, SALA PRENSA, V6; GARCIA EP, 2007, ZER ENGLISH EDITION, V1, P7; GARCIADETORRES E, 2008, HERRAMIENTAS 2 0 DIA; GARCIADETORRES E, 2007, PRESENTE FUTURO COMU; GARCIADETORRES E, 2009, 10 INT S ONL JOURN U; GARCIADETORRES E, 2009, ESTUDIOS PERIODISTIC, V14, P287; GARCIADETORRESE, 2008, 9 C LAT INV COM AL I; GARCIAOROSA B, 2004, ESTUDIOS MENSAJE PER, P113; Gerpott TJ, 2004, J MEDIA ECON, V17, P241, DOI 10.1207/s15327736me1704_1; GILLMOR D., 2004, WE MEDIA GRASSROOTS; Graham G, 2009, L N INST COMP SCI SO, V16, P229; Gunter B, 2009, ASLIB PROC, V61, P185, DOI 10.1108/00012530910946929; HANEEFA M, 2010, J LIB INFORM TECHNOL, V30, P17; Harrison J, 2010, JOURNALISM STUD, V11, P243, DOI 10.1080/14616700903290593; Hashim L., 2007, 18 AUSTR C INF SYST; Hermida Alfred, 2008, JOURNALISM PRACTICE, V2, P343, DOI [10.1080/17512780802054538, DOI 10.1080/17512780802054538]; Hermida A, 2009, JOURNALISM PRACTICE, V3, P1; IGARZA R, 2009, PERIODISMO PARTICIPA, P165; IGARZA R, 2009, BURBUJAS OCIO NUEVAS, P177; ISLAS O, 2005, COMUNICACION MEXICO; JOHNSON KA, 2010, LECT NOTES COMPUTER, V4663, P580; Johnson KA, 2009, JOURNALISM MASS COMM, V86, P332; Kenney Keith, 2000, 1 MONDAY, V5; KESHVANI N, 2000, TRENDS ONLINE NEWSRO; KEYSER J, 2008, TECHN ED ETH C; Kovach B., 1999, WARP SPEED AM AGE MI; Kovacic MP, 2008, JOURNALISM STUD, V9, P874, DOI 10.1080/14616700802227860; Lacy Stephen, 2010, NEWSPAPER RES J, V31, P34; Larranaga-Rubio Julio, 2009, ESTUDIOS MENSAJE PER, P61; LATHAM RP, 2008, INTELLECTUAL PROPERT, V20, P1; LEE E, 2009, J INTERNET LAW, V13, P1; LERMANORIEGA CA, 2009, REV LATINA COMUNICAC, P787; LERMANORIEGA CA, 2004, THESIS U COMPLUTENSE; Lewis S. 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NOV-DEC	2010	19	6					585	594		10.3145/epi.2010.nov.04		10	Information Science & Library Science	Information Science & Library Science	695MD	WOS:000285373700004		No			2017-07-02	
J	Newsam, S				Newsam, Shawn			Crowdsourcing What Is Where: Community-Contributed Photos as Volunteered Geographic Information	IEEE MULTIMEDIA			English	Article									Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA USA	Newsam, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA USA.	snewsam@ucmerced.edu					Cao L, 2008, P IEEE INT C COMP VI, P1; Cao L., 2009, P 17 ACM INT C MULT, P125, DOI 10.1145/1631272.1631292; Chen W-C., 2009, P 17 ACM INT C MULT, P789, DOI 10.1145/1631272.1631415; Crandall D. J., 2009, P 18 INT C WORLD WID, P761, DOI DOI 10.1145/1526709.1526812; Cristani M, 2008, P IEEE INT C COMP VI, P1; Divvala SK, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P1271, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206532; Gallagher A, 2009, P IEEE INT C COMP VI, P55; Goodchild MF, 2007, GEOJOURNAL, V69, P211, DOI 10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y; Hays J., 2008, P IEEE C COMP VIS PA, P1, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587784; Jacobs N., 2007, P IEEE 11 INT C COMP, P1; Joshi D., 2008, P INT C CONT BAS IM, P37, DOI 10.1145/1386352.1386361; Kennedy L., 2007, P 15 INT C MULT, P631, DOI 10.1145/1291233.1291384; Kennedy L. S., 2008, P 17 INT C WORLD WID, P297, DOI 10.1145/1367497.1367539; Leung D., 2010, P IEEE INT C COMP VI, P1; Moxley E, 2008, P 1 ACM INT C MULT I, P24, DOI 10.1145/1460096.1460102; Naaman M, 2005, Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Proceedings, P178, DOI 10.1145/1065385.1065430; Quack T., 2008, P INT C CONT BAS IM, P47, DOI DOI 10.1145/1386352.1386363; RATTENBURY T, 2009, ACM T WEB, V3, pNIL4; YANAI K, 2009, P ACM INT C IM VID R, P1; Yu Jie, 2008, P INT C CONT BAS IM, P169, DOI 10.1145/1386352.1386379; Zheng YT, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P1085, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206749	21	7	7	1	24	IEEE COMPUTER SOC	LOS ALAMITOS	10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA	1070-986X			IEEE MULTIMEDIA	IEEE Multimedia	OCT-DEC	2010	17	4					36	45		10.1109/MMUL.2010.79		10	Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	678YT	WOS:000284120300006		No			2017-07-02	
J	Choffnes, DR; Bustamante, FE; Ge, ZH				Choffnes, David R.; Bustamante, Fabian E.; Ge, Zihui			Crowdsourcing Service-Level Network Event Monitoring	ACM SIGCOMM COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW			English	Article; Proceedings Paper	ACM SIGCOMM Conference 2010	AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010	New Delhi, INDIA	Assoc Comp Machinery (ACM)		Measurement; Performance; Reliability; Service-Level Network Events; Crowdsourcing; Anomaly Detection; P2P		The user experience for networked applications is becoming a key benchmark for customers and network providers. Perceived user experience is largely determined by the frequency, duration and severity of network events that impact a service. While today's networks implement sophisticated infrastructure that issues alarms for most failures, there remains a class of silent outages (e. g., caused by configuration errors) that are not detected. Further, existing alarms provide little information to help operators understand the impact of network events on services. Attempts to address this through infrastructure that monitors end-to-end performance for customers have been hampered by the cost of deployment and by the volume of data generated by these solutions. We present an alternative approach that pushes monitoring to applications on end systems and uses their collective view to detect network events and their impact on services - an approach we call Crowdsourcing Event Monitoring (CEM). This paper presents a general framework for CEM systems and demonstrates its effectiveness for a P2P application using a large dataset gathered from BitTorrent users and confirmed network events from two ISPs. We discuss how we designed and deployed a prototype CEM implementation as an extension to BitTorrent. This system performs online service-level network event detection through passive monitoring and correlation of performance in end-users' applications.	[Choffnes, David R.; Bustamante, Fabian E.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Ge, Zihui] AT&T Labs Res, Murray Hill, NJ USA	Choffnes, DR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.	drchoffnes@eecs.northwestern.edu; fabianb@eecs.northwestern.edu; gezihui@research.att.com	Bustamante, Fabian/B-7112-2009; Bustamante, Fabian/E-8888-2013				Andersen D, 2001, P ACM SOSP; Casado M., 2005, P HOTNETS; CASTRO M, 2002, P USENIX OSDI; Chen K., 2009, P ACM CONEXT; CHEN X, 2008, P USENIX OSDI; CHOFFNES D, 2010, COMPUT COMMUN REV, V40, P2; Choffnes D. R., 2008, P ACM SIGCOMM; COOKE E, 2006, P USENIX ATC; DASH D, 2006, P AAAI; Dischinger M., 2010, P USENIX NSDI; Feamster N., 2003, P ACM SIGMETRICS; IANNACCONE G, 2002, P ACM IMW; ISDAL T, 2007, P PAM; Kandula S., 2009, P ACM SIGCOMM; Katz-Bassett E., 2008, P USENIX NSDI; Labovitz C., 1998, CSETR38298 U MICH; Lakhina A, 2004, P ACM SIGCOMM; Madhyastha H. V., 2006, P USENIX OSDI; MAHAJAN R, 2008, P USENIX NSDI; Mahajan R., 2002, P ACM SIGCOMM; Mahimkar A., 2009, P ACM SIGCOMM; Maymounkov P., 2002, P IPTPS; MILLER GD, 1968, COMMUN ACM, V11, P9; PADMANABHAN VN, 2005, P IPTPS; RABINOVICH M, 2006, P IEEE INFOCOM; RINGBERG H, 2008, COMPUT COMMUN REV, V38, P1; Roughan M., 2004, P ACM SIGCOMM WORKSH; Schulze H., 2009, INTERNET STUDY 2008; SHAVITT Y, 2005, COMPUT COMMUN REV, V35, P5; Simpson Jr C. R., 2004, P PAM; VONAHN L, 2009, P DAC; Wu J., 2005, P USENIX NSDI; Zhang M., 2004, P USENIX OSDI; ZHANG Y, 2008, P USENIX NSDI	34	15	15	0	7	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA	0146-4833	1943-5819		ACM SIGCOMM COMP COM	ACM SIGCOMM Comp. Commun. Rev.	OCT	2010	40	4					387	398		10.1145/1851275.1851228		12	Computer Science, Information Systems	Computer Science	688UQ	WOS:000284879800034		No			2017-07-02	
J	Corney, JR; Torres-Sanchez, C; Jagadeesan, AP; Yan, XT; Regli, WC; Medellin, H				Corney, J. R.; Torres-Sanchez, C.; Jagadeesan, A. P.; Yan, X. T.; Regli, W. C.; Medellin, H.			Putting the crowd to work in a knowledge-based factory	ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS			English	Article						Crowdsourcing; Machine learning; Geometric reasoning; Canonical views; Shape similarity; 2D nesting	DESIGN; MODELS; PARTS; REUSE	Although researchers have developed numerous computational approaches to reasoning and knowledge representation, their implementations are always limited to specific applications (e.g assembly planning, fault diagnosis or production scheduling) for which bespoke knowledge bases or algorithms have been created However, "cloud computing" has made irrelevant both the physical location and internal processes used by machine intelligence In other words, the Internet encourages functional processes to be treated as 'black boxes' with which users need only be concerned with posing the right question and interpreting the response The system asking the questions does not need to know how answers are generated, only that they are available in an appropriate time frame This paper proposes that Crowdsourcing could provide on-line, 'black-box', reasoning capabilities that could far exceed the capabilities of current Al technologies (re genetic algorithms, neural-nets, case-based reasoning) in terms of flexibility and scope. This paper describes how Crowdsourcing has been deployed in three different reasoning scenarios to carry out industrial tasks that involve significant amounts of tacit (e.g unformalised) knowledge. The first study reports the application of Crowdsourcing to identify canonical view of 3D CAD models. The qualitative results suggest that the anonymous, Internet, workforce have a good comprehension of 3D geometry Having established this basic competence the second experiment assesses the Crowd's ability to judge the similarity of 3D components Comparison of the results with published benchmarks shows a high degree of correspondence Lastly the performance of the Internet labourers is quantified in a 2D nesting task, where their performance is found to be superior to reported computational algorithms In all these cases results were returned within a couple of hours and the paper concludes that there is potential for broad application of Crowdsourcing to geometric problem solving in CAD/CAM. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Corney, J. R.; Torres-Sanchez, C.; Jagadeesan, A. P.; Yan, X. T.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Design Mfg & Engn Management, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland; [Regli, W. C.] Drexel Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Medellin, H.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Area Mecan & Elect, San Luis Potosi, Mexico	Corney, JR (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Design Mfg & Engn Management, 75 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland.		Torres-Sanchez, Carmen/A-8213-2010; Medellin-Castillo, Hugo Ivan/A-3455-2017	Torres-Sanchez, Carmen/0000-0002-1649-2068; Medellin-Castillo, Hugo Ivan/0000-0002-2827-9547			ALBANO A, 1980, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V10, P242, DOI 10.1109/TSMC.1980.4308483; Alonso O, 2009, PROCEEDINGS 32ND ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, P760, DOI 10.1145/1571941.1572115; Alva U, 2001, ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF, V17, P33, DOI 10.1016/S0736-5845(00)00035-1; Brabham D.C., 2008, 1 MONDAY, V13; Callison-Burch C., 2009, P 2009 C EMP METH NA, P286; Chan SCF, 1998, COMPUT NETWORKS ISDN, V30, P1853, DOI 10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00213-X; Corney Jonathan R., 2010, INT J INNOVATION SUS, V4, P294; Duffy AHB, 1997, IEEE INTELL SYST APP, V12, P71, DOI 10.1109/64.590079; Golovinskiy A., 2006, ACM T GRAPHIC, P1025, DOI 10.1145/1179352.1141988; Howe J., RISE CROWDSOURCING; JAGADEESAN AP, 2010, P EUROGRAPHICS WORKS; JAGADEESAN P, 2009, 2009 SIAM ACM JOINT; JAGADEESAN P, 2009, INT C PROD LIF MAN B; Jayanti S, 2006, COMPUT AIDED DESIGN, V38, P939, DOI 10.1016/j.cad.2006.06.007; Kittur A., 2008, P 26 ANN SIGCHI C HU; KOSTAKOS V, 2009, INT S SOC INT NETW S; MIGUEL GA, 2006, EUR J OPER RES, V171, P811; Mula J, 2006, INT J PROD ECON, V103, P271, DOI 10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.09.001; Puchinger J, 2007, EUR J OPER RES, V183, P1304, DOI 10.1016/j.ejor.2005.11.064; Rea HJ, 2006, INT J ADV MANUF TECH, V30, P952, DOI 10.1007/s00170-005-0068-z; SUNG R, J ENG DESIGN; Tangelder JH, 2008, MULTIMED TOOLS APPL, V39, P441, DOI 10.1007/s11042-007-0181-0; Wang JL, 2008, ADV ENG INFORM, V22, P385, DOI 10.1016/j.aei.2008.04.001; Xie SQ, 2007, INT J COMPUT INTEG M, V20, P741, DOI 10.1080/09511920600996401	24	16	16	0	13	ELSEVIER SCI LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND	1474-0346			ADV ENG INFORM	Adv. Eng. Inform.	AUG	2010	24	3					243	250		10.1016/j.aei.2010.05.011		8	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary	Computer Science; Engineering	633NX	WOS:000280510900002		No			2017-07-02	
J	Perona, P				Perona, Pietro			Vision of a Visipedia	PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE			English	Article						Crowdsourcing; image understanding; machine learning; machine vision; Visipedia; visual recognition; Wikipedia	RECOGNITION; DATABASE; OBJECTS; IMAGES; SCENE	The web is not perfect: while text is easily searched and organized, pictures (the vast majority of the bits that one can find online) are not. In order to see how one could improve the web and make pictures first-class citizens of the web, I explore the idea of Visipedia, a visual interface for Wikipedia that is able to answer visual queries and enables experts to contribute and organize visual knowledge. Five distinct groups of humans would interact through Visipedia: users, experts, editors, visual workers, and machine vision scientists. The latter would gradually build automata able to interpret images. I explore some of the technical challenges involved in making Visipedia happen. I argue that Visipedia will likely grow organically, combining state-of-the-art machine vision with human labor.	CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA	Perona, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.	perona@caltech.edu			California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Office of Naval Research (ONR) University Research Initiative (MURI) [N00014-06-1-0734]	This work was supported by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) University Research Initiative (MURI) under Grant N00014-06-1-0734.	Barnard K, 2003, J MACH LEARN RES, V3, P1107, DOI 10.1162/153244303322533214; BARRON JL, 1994, INT J COMPUT VISION, V12, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF01420984; Belhumeur P.N., 2008, P EUR C COMP VIS, P116; Blanchard G, 2005, ANN STAT, V33, P1155, DOI 10.1214/009053605000000174; Bradski G., 2008, LEARNING OPENCV COMP; Bush Vannevar, 1945, ATLANTIC MONTHLY, V15, P101; Dalai N., 2005, PROC CVPR IEEE, V1, P886, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPR.2005.177; Dankert H, 2009, NAT METHODS, V6, P297, DOI [10.1038/nmeth.1310, 10.1038/NMETH.1310]; Deng J, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P248, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206848; Dollar P, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P304, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206631; Farhadi A, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P1778, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206772; Fei-Fei L, 2005, PROC CVPR IEEE, P524; Fei-Fei L, 2007, J VISION, V7, DOI 10.1167/7.1.10; Fei-Fei Li, 2006, IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, V28, P594; Fergus R., 2005, P 10 IEEE INT C COMP, V2, P1816; GOMES R, 2008, P IEEE COMP SOC C CO, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587370; Griffin G, 2007, CNSTR2007001; GRIFFIN G, 2008, P IEEE COMP SOC C CO, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587410; Kim J., 2008, P EUR C MACH LEARN P, P457; Han F, 2009, IEEE T PATTERN ANAL, V31, P59, DOI [10.1109/TPAMI.2008.65, 10.1109/TPAMI.2008.55]; Hoiem D, 2008, INT J COMPUT VISION, V80, P3, DOI 10.1007/s11263-008-0137-5; HOLUB AD, 2008, P IEEE C COMP VIS PA, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2008.4563068; Ikizler N, 2008, INT J COMPUT VISION, V80, P337, DOI 10.1007/s11263-008-0142-8; Jain P., 2008, P ADV NEUR INF PROC, P761; KAPOOR A, 2007, P INT C COMP VIS OCT, DOI DOI 10.1109/ICCV.2007.4408844; Lampert CH, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P951, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206594; LI LJ, 2007, P IEEE COMP VIS PATT, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPR.2007.383048; LONGUETHIGGINS HC, 1981, NATURE, V293, P133, DOI 10.1038/293133a0; Lowe DG, 2004, INT J COMPUT VISION, V60, P91, DOI 10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94; MALISIEWICZ T., 2009, P NEUR INF PROC SYST; Marr D., 1982, VISION; NILSBACK ME, 2008, P IND C COMP VIS GRA, P722; Ren XF, 2008, INT J COMPUT VISION, V77, P47, DOI 10.1007/s11263-007-0092-6; Rother C, 2004, ACM T GRAPHIC, V23, P309, DOI 10.1145/1015706.1015720; Russell BC, 2008, INT J COMPUT VISION, V77, P157, DOI 10.1007/s11263-007-0090-8; Scharstein D, 2002, INT J COMPUT VISION, V47, P7, DOI 10.1023/A:1014573219977; Sivic J, 2006, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V4170, P127; SOROKIN A, 2008, P IEEE C COMP VIS PA, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2008.4562953; Spain M., 2008, P EUR C COMP VIS, P523; Tu ZW, 2005, INT J COMPUT VISION, V63, P113, DOI 10.1007/s11263-005-6642-x; Varma M, 2005, INT J COMPUT VISION, V62, P61, DOI 10.1007/s11263-005-4635-4; VEDALDI A, VLFEAT OPEN SOURCE C; Vijayanarasimhan S., 2008, ADV NEURAL INFORM PR; Vijayanarasimhan S, 2009, PROC CVPR IEEE, P2262, DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206705; Viola P, 2004, INT J COMPUT VISION, V57, P137, DOI 10.1023/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb; von Ahn L., 2006, IEEE COMPUT MAG, V39, P96, DOI DOI 10.1109/MC.2006.196; Weber M., 2000, P EUR C COMP VIS, P18; Welinder P., 2010, P WORKSH ADV COMP VI, P1; Winchester S., 1998, PROFESSOR MADMAN TAL	49	8	8	0	5	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC	PISCATAWAY	445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA	0018-9219	1558-2256		P IEEE	Proc. IEEE	AUG	2010	98	8			SI		1526	1534		10.1109/JPROC.2010.2049621		9	Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Engineering	670IA	WOS:000283413400012		No			2017-07-02	
J	Bernstein, MS; Tan, D; Smith, G; Czerwinski, M; Horvitz, E				Bernstein, Michael S.; Tan, Desney; Smith, Greg; Czerwinski, Mary; Horvitz, Eric			Personalization via Friendsourcing	ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION			English	Article						Social computing; social tagging; human computation; friendsourcing	COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION	When information is known only to friends in a social network, traditional crowdsourcing mechanisms struggle to motivate a large enough user population and to ensure accuracy of the collected information. We thus introduce friendsourcing, a form of crowdsourcing aimed at collecting accurate information available only to a small, socially-connected group of individuals. Our approach to friendsourcing is to design socially enjoyable interactions that produce the desired information as a side effect. We focus our analysis around Collabio, a novel social tagging game that we developed to encourage friends to tag one another within an online social network. Collabio encourages friends, family, and colleagues to generate useful information about each other. We describe the design space of incentives in social tagging games and evaluate our choices by a combination of usage log analysis and survey data. Data acquired via Collabio is typically accurate and augments tags that could have been found on Facebook or the Web. To complete the arc from data collection to application, we produce a trio of prototype applications to demonstrate how Collabio tags could be utilized: an aggregate tag cloud visualization, a personalized RSS feed, and a question and answer system. The social data powering these applications enables them to address needs previously difficult to support, such as question answering for topics comprehensible only to a few of a user's friends.	[Bernstein, Michael S.] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; [Tan, Desney; Smith, Greg; Czerwinski, Mary; Horvitz, Eric] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA	Bernstein, MS (reprint author), MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.	mbernst@csail.mit.edu; desney@microsoft.com; gregsmi@microsoft.com; marycz@microsoft.com; horvitz@microsoft.com			Microsoft Research; National Science Foundation; Xerox; MIT	The authors are grateful for funding from Microsoft Research, the National Science Foundation, and Xerox.; We thank the Microsoft Research VIBE and ASI groups, as well as the 2008 Microsoft Research interns, for helping us improve and spread Collabio. Many thanks also to Rob Miller and David Karger at MIT for their feedback and support.	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Comput.-Hum. Interact.	MAY	2010	17	2							6	10.1145/1746259.1746260		28	Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems	Computer Science	618OH	WOS:000279364900001		No			2017-07-02	
J	Prainsack, B; Wolinsky, H				Prainsack, Barbara; Wolinsky, Howard			Direct-to-consumer genome testing: opportunities for pharmacogenomics research?	PHARMACOGENOMICS			English	Article						crowdsourcing; ethics; personal genomics; pharmacogenomics testing	PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; HYPERSENSITIVITY; ABACAVIR; HLA-B-ASTERISK-5701	This commentary examines the role that commercial providers of SNP-based genome-wide personalized risk profiles play in facilitating pharmacogenomics research. We first take a look at how personal genomics services, exemplified by the company 23andMe, communicate information on drug response to customers. We then discuss the most important benefits and issues we see arising with the idea of 'crowdsourcing' pharmacogenomics research via commercial genome-scan providers. We conclude with a brief vision for the future.	[Prainsack, Barbara] Kings Coll London, Ctr Biomed & Soc CBAS, London WC2R 2LS, England; [Wolinsky, Howard] Northwestern Univ, Medill Sch Journalism, Chicago, IL 60603 USA	Prainsack, B (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Ctr Biomed & Soc CBAS, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, England.	barbara.prainsack@kcl.ac.uk		Prainsack, Barbara/0000-0002-6335-1532			ALLISON M, 2010, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V27, P895; Angrist M, 2009, PERS MED, V6, P691, DOI 10.2217/PME.09.48; Colombo S, 2008, J INFECT DIS, V198, P864, DOI 10.1086/591184; Frueh FW, 2004, PHARMACOGENOMICS, V5, P571, DOI 10.1517/14622416.5.5.571; Gurwitz D, 2005, PHARMACOGENOMICS J, V5, P221, DOI 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500312; Mallal S, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V358, P568, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa0706135; Martin AM, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P4180, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0307067101; Metzker ML, 2010, NAT REV GENET, V11, P31, DOI 10.1038/nrg2626; Need AC, 2009, TRENDS GENET, V25, P489, DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2009.09.012; Ng PC, 2009, NATURE, V461, P724, DOI 10.1038/461724a; Prainsack B, 2008, NATURE, V456, P34, DOI 10.1038/456034a; STEINBROOK MD, 2009, NEW ENGL J MED, V361, P1321	12	17	20	0	7	FUTURE MEDICINE LTD	LONDON	UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND	1462-2416			PHARMACOGENOMICS	Pharmacogenomics	MAY	2010	11	5					651	655		10.2217/PGS.10.33		5	Pharmacology & Pharmacy	Pharmacology & Pharmacy	591OI	WOS:000277310200011	20415555	No			2017-07-02	
J	Raykar, VC; Yu, SP; Zhao, LH; Valadez, GH; Florin, C; Bogoni, L; Moy, L				Raykar, Vikas C.; Yu, Shipeng; Zhao, Linda H.; Valadez, Gerardo Hermosillo; Florin, Charles; Bogoni, Luca; Moy, Linda			Learning From Crowds	JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH			English	Article						multiple annotators; multiple experts; multiple teachers; crowdsourcing	ALGORITHM; ERROR	For many supervised learning tasks it may be infeasible (or very expensive) to obtain objective and reliable labels. Instead, we can collect subjective (possibly noisy) labels from multiple experts or annotators. In practice, there is a substantial amount of disagreement among the annotators, and hence it is of great practical interest to address conventional supervised learning problems in this scenario. In this paper we describe a probabilistic approach for supervised learning when we have multiple annotators providing (possibly noisy) labels but no absolute gold standard. The proposed algorithm evaluates the different experts and also gives an estimate of the actual hidden labels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the commonly used majority voting baseline.	[Raykar, Vikas C.; Yu, Shipeng; Valadez, Gerardo Hermosillo; Florin, Charles; Bogoni, Luca] Siemens Healthcare, CAD & Knowledge Solut IKM CKS, Malvern, PA 19355 USA; [Zhao, Linda H.] Univ Penn, Dept Stat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Moy, Linda] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10016 USA	Raykar, VC (reprint author), Siemens Healthcare, CAD & Knowledge Solut IKM CKS, Malvern, PA 19355 USA.	VIKAS.RAYKAR@SIEMENS.COM; SHIPENG.YU@SIEMENS.COM; LZHAO@WHARTON.UPENN.EDU; GERARDO.HERMOSILLOVALADEZ@SIEMENS.COM; CHARLES.FLORIN@SIEMENS.COM; LUCA.BOGONI@SIEMENS.COM; LINDA.MOY@NYUMC.ORG					Albert PS, 2004, BIOMETRICS, V60, P427, DOI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00187.x; Baker F. B., 2004, ITEM RESPONSE THEORY; Carpenter B, 2008, MULTILEVEL BAYESIAN; Cholleti S. R., 2008, P 2008 20 IEEE INT C; Dawid A P, 1979, APPL STAT, V28, P20, DOI DOI 10.2307/2346806; DEKEL O, 2009, ICML 2009, P233; DEKEL O, 2009, COLT 2009; DEMPSTER AP, 1977, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V39, P1; Donmez P, 2009, KDD-09: 15TH ACM SIGKDD CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, P259; Frank E., 2001, LECT NOTES ARTIF INT, P145; FUNG G, 2009, 15 ANN SIGKDD INT C; Howe J., 2008, CROWD SOURCING WHY P; Hui S L, 1998, Stat Methods Med Res, V7, P354, DOI 10.1191/096228098671192352; HUI SL, 1980, BIOMETRICS, V36, P167, DOI 10.2307/2530508; Jin R., 2003, ADV NEURAL INFORM PR, V15, P897; KRISHNAPURAM B, 2008, IWDM 2008, P350; LUGOSI G, 1992, PATTERN RECOGN, V25, P79, DOI 10.1016/0031-3203(92)90008-7; Neal RM, 1998, NATO ADV SCI I D-BEH, V89, P355; Raykar V. C., 2009, ICML, P889; Sheng V. S., 2008, P 14 ACM SIGKDD INT, P614, DOI DOI 10.1145/1401890.1401965; Smyth P., 1995, COMPUTATIONAL LEARNI, VIII, P163; Smyth P, 1995, ADV NEURAL INFORM PR, V7, P1085; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN, P254, DOI 10.3115/1613715.1613751; Sorokin A., 2008, P 1 IEEE WORKSH INT, P1; UEBERSAX JS, 1993, BIOMETRICS, V49, P823, DOI 10.2307/2532202; Warfield SK, 2004, IEEE T MED IMAGING, V23, P903, DOI 10.1109/TMI.2004.828354; Whitehill J, 2009, ADV NEURAL INFORM PR, V22, P2035	27	196	198	4	34	MICROTOME PUBL	BROOKLINE	31 GIBBS ST, BROOKLINE, MA 02446 USA	1532-4435			J MACH LEARN RES	J. Mach. Learn. Res.	APR	2010	11						1297	1322				26	Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence	Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science	658VZ	WOS:000282521500004		No	Y	N	2017-07-02	
J	Chen, KT; Chang, CJ; Wu, CC; Chang, YC; Lei, CL				Chen, Kuan-Ta; Chang, Chi-Jui; Wu, Chen-Chi; Chang, Yu-Chun; Lei, Chin-Laung			Quadrant of euphoria: a crowdsourcing platform for QoE assessment	IEEE NETWORK			English	Article						Quality assessment; Web services; Cost benefit analysis		Existing quality of experience assessment methods, subjective or objective, suffer from either or both problems of inaccurate experiment tools and expensive personnel cost. The panacea for them, as we have come to realize, lies in the joint application of paired comparison and crowdsourcing, the latter being a Web 2.0 practice of organizations asking ordinary unspecific Internet users to carry out internal tasks. We present in this article Quadrant of Euphoria, a user-friendly web-based platform facilitating QoE assessments in network and multimedia studies, which features low cost, participant diversity, meaningful and interpretable QoE scores, subject consistency assurance, and a burdenless experiment process.	[Chang, Chi-Jui] Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci, Multimedia Networking & Syst Lab, Taipei, Taiwan; [Chen, Kuan-Ta] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat, Taipei, Taiwan; [Wu, Chen-Chi; Chang, Yu-Chun; Lei, Chin-Laung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei, Taiwan	Chen, KT (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci, Multimedia Networking & Syst Lab, Taipei, Taiwan.	ktchen@iis.sinica.edu.tw			National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC98-2631-001-011, NSC98-2631-001-013, NSC98-2221-E-001-017]	This work was supported in part by Taiwan E-Learning and Digital Archives Programs (TELDAP) sponsored by the National Science Council of Taiwan under grants NSC98-2631-001-011 and NSC98-2631-001-013. It was also supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan under the grants NSC98-2221-E-001-017.	Allio R., 2004, STRATEGY LEADERSHIP, V32, P4, DOI DOI 10.1108/10878570410547643; Brabham DC, 2009, PLAN THEOR, V8, P242, DOI 10.1177/1473095209104824; CHEN KT, 2009, P ACM MULT; ELLIOTT EO, 1963, AT&T TECH J, V42, P1977; *ITU T, 2008, P10G100AMD2 ITUT; [Anonymous], 2008, P910 ITUT; Luce R. D., 1959, INDIVIDUAL CHOICE BE; Rossi PE, 2001, J AM STAT ASSOC, V96, P20, DOI 10.1198/016214501750332668; Watson A., 1998, Proceedings ACM Multimedia 98, P55, DOI 10.1145/290747.290755; [Anonymous], H 264 AVC REFERENCE	10	29	29	0	7	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC	PISCATAWAY	445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA	0890-8044			IEEE NETWORK	IEEE Netw.	MAR-APR	2010	24	2					28	35		10.1109/MNET.2010.5430141		8	Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications	Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications	570GY	WOS:000275661700005		No			2017-07-02	
J	Dellarocas, C				Dellarocas, Chrysanthos			Online Reputation Systems: How to Design One That Does What You Need	MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW			English	Article								User-generated content platforms, open source software, crowdsourcing and knowledge markets - these are all possible only because of the "social web," the interlinked virtual universe that to so many executives seems to offer the irresistible promise of providing something - ideas, work, decisions - for (almost) nothing, if only they could manage it right. Managing it right means understanding that even though the new platforms are all about harnessing crowds and communities, in the end those crowds and communities are nothing but a sum of individuals. And your company's social web efforts will succeed only to the extent that you are able to attract good individuals, motivate them to perform good work, and empower them to get to know and trust one another enough to collaborate toward the end goals of the community. The question is, How do you do that? The answer: by capitalizing on the motivational power of in reputation - that is, by designing and building an online reputation system that triggers and nourishes the kind of web community that will serve your company's needs. Using examples such as Amazon, eBay, Epinions and Yelp, the author describes how design choices of a reputation system can profoundly affect a community's culture, making an otherwise collaborative and cordial community into a competitive and even combative space.	[Dellarocas, Chrysanthos] Boston Univ, Sch Management, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [Dellarocas, Chrysanthos] MIT, Ctr Collect Intelligence, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA	Dellarocas, C (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Management, Boston, MA 02215 USA.							0	16	17	10	54	SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW ASSOC, MIT SLOAN SCHOOL MANAGEMENT	CAMBRIDGE	77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, E60-100, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-4307 USA	1532-9194			MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV	MIT Sloan Manage. Rev.	SPR	2010	51	3					33	+				6	Business; Management	Business & Economics	583TF	WOS:000276702000007		No			2017-07-02	
B	Schlippe, T; Zhu, CF; Gebhardt, J; Schultz, T			INST SPEECH COMMUN ASSOC	Schlippe, Tim; Zhu, Chenfei; Gebhardt, Jan; Schultz, Tanja			Text Normalization based on Statistical Machine Translation and Internet User Support	11TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2010 (INTERSPEECH 2010), VOLS 3 AND 4			English	Proceedings Paper	11th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association 2010	SEP 26-30, 2010	Makuhari, JAPAN	Japan World Exposit, Commemorat Org, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, KDDI Fdn, Murata Sci Fdn, Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res Fdn, Support Ctr, Chiba Convent Bur & Int Ctr, Renesas Elect Corp, Google, Microsoft Corp, Nuance Commun Inc, Appen Pty Ltd, IBM Res, Sony Corp, Hitachi Ltd, Yahoo Japan Corp, Asahi Kasei Corp, KDDI R & D Lab Inc, Yamaha Corp, Toshiba Corp, Fujitsu Ltd, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, RION Co Ltd, NEC Corp		text normalization; statistical machine translation; rapid language adaptation; automatic speech recognition; crowdsourcing		In this paper, we describe and compare systems for text normalization based on statistical machine translation (SMT) methods which are constructed with the support of internet users. Internet users normalize text displayed in a web interface, thereby providing a parallel corpus of normalized and non-normalized text. With this corpus, SMT models are generated to translate non-normalized into normalized text. To build traditional language-specific text normalization systems, knowledge of linguistics as well as established computer skills to implement text normalization rules are required. Our systems are built without profound computer knowledge due to the simple self-explanatory user interface and the automatic generation of the SMT models. Additionally, no inhouse knowledge of the language to normalize is required due to the multilingual expertise of the internet community. All techniques are applied on French texts, crawled with our Rapid Language Adaptation Toolkit [1] and compared through Levenshtein edit distance [2], BLEU score [3], and perplexity.	[Schlippe, Tim; Zhu, Chenfei; Gebhardt, Jan; Schultz, Tanja] KIT, Cognit Syst Lab, Karlsruhe, Germany	Schlippe, T (reprint author), KIT, Cognit Syst Lab, Karlsruhe, Germany.	tim.schlippe@kit.edu; chenfei.zhu@student.kit.edu; jan.gebhardt@student.kit.edu; tanja.schultz@kit.edu					Adda G., 1997, P ESCA EUR 97 RHOD G, P2711; Aw A., 2006, P COLING ACL MAIN C, P33, DOI 10.3115/1273073.1273078; Gralinski F., 2006, WISL POL P INT MULT; Henriquez C. A., 2009, CAW2 CONTENT ANAL WE; Koehn Philipp, 2007, ANN M ACL DEM SESS P; Levenshtein V. I, 1966, SOV PHYS DOKL, V10, P707; Och F. J., 2003, Computational Linguistics, V29, P19, DOI 10.1162/089120103321337421; Papineni K., 2002, P 40 ACL PHIL; Schlippe T., 2008, 8 C ASS MACH TRANSL; Schlippe Tim, 2010, 11 ANN C INT SPEECH; Schultz T., 2001, P INT C SPOK LANG PR, P2721; Schultz T., 2007, ANTW BELG P INT AUG; Simard M., 2007, P 2 WORKSH STAT MACH; Stolcke A., 2002, INT C SPOK LANG PROC	14	0	0	0	1	ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC	BAIXAS	C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE			978-1-61782-123-3				2010							1816	1819				4	Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications	Engineering; Telecommunications	BDG18	WOS:000313086500066		No			2017-07-02	
B	Schlippe, T; Ochs, S; Schultz, T			INST SPEECH COMMUN ASSOC	Schlippe, Tim; Ochs, Sebastian; Schultz, Tanja			Wiktionary as a Source for Automatic Pronunciation Extraction	11TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2010 (INTERSPEECH 2010), VOLS 3 AND 4			English	Proceedings Paper	11th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association 2010	SEP 26-30, 2010	Makuhari, JAPAN	Japan World Exposit, Commemorat Org, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, KDDI Fdn, Murata Sci Fdn, Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res Fdn, Support Ctr, Chiba Convent Bur & Int Ctr, Renesas Elect Corp, Google, Microsoft Corp, Nuance Commun Inc, Appen Pty Ltd, IBM Res, Sony Corp, Hitachi Ltd, Yahoo Japan Corp, Asahi Kasei Corp, KDDI R & D Lab Inc, Yamaha Corp, Toshiba Corp, Fujitsu Ltd, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, RION Co Ltd, NEC Corp		pronunciation dictionary; rapid language adaptation; automatic speech recognition; crowdsourcing		In this paper, we analyze whether dictionaries from the World Wide Web which contain phonetic notations, may support the rapid creation of pronunciation dictionaries within the speech recognition and speech synthesis system building process. As a representative dictionary, we selected Wiktionary [1] since it is at hand in multiple languages and, in addition to the definitions of the words, many phonetic notations in terms of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are available. Given word lists in four languages English, French, German, and Spanish, we calculated the percentage of words with phonetic notations in Wiktionary. Furthermore, two quality checks were performed: First, we compared pronunciations from Wiktionary to pronunciations from dictionaries based on the Global Phone project, which had been created in a rule-based fashion and were manually cross-checked [2]. Second, we analyzed the impact of Wiktionary pronunciations on automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. French Wiktionary achieved the best pronunciation coverage, containing 92.58% phonetic notations for the French Global Phone word list as well as 76.12% and 30.16% for country and international city names. In our ASR systems evaluation, the Spanish system gained the most improvement from Wiktionary pronunciations with 7.22% relative word error rate reduction.	[Schlippe, Tim; Ochs, Sebastian; Schultz, Tanja] KIT, Cognit Syst Lab, Karlsruhe, Germany	Schlippe, T (reprint author), KIT, Cognit Syst Lab, Karlsruhe, Germany.	tim.schlippe@kit.edu; sebastian.ochs@student.kit.edu; tanja.schultz@kit.edu					Besling S., 1994, KONV VIENN AUSTR; Black A. W., 2008, P ICASSP LAS VEG US; Black A. W., 1998, P 3 ESCA WORKSH SPEE, P77; Davel M., 2004, P 8 ICSLP KOR; Ghoshal A, 2009, INT CONF ACOUST SPEE, P4289, DOI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960577; I. P. Association, 1999, HDB INT PHON ASS GUI; Kominek J., 2006, P HUM LANG TECHN C N, P232, DOI 10.3115/1220835.1220865; Llitjos A. F., 2002, P LREC2002 LAS PALM; Schultz T., 2007, P INT ANTW BELG AUG; Schultz T., 2000, P ICASSP INST; Schultz T., 2002, P ICSLP, P345; Wolfel M., 2007, P INT; Zhu X., 2001, P INT C AC SPEECH SI	13	2	2	0	0	ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC	BAIXAS	C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE			978-1-61782-123-3				2010							2290	2293				4	Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications	Engineering; Telecommunications	BDG18	WOS:000313086500185		No			2017-07-02	
S	Parry, DT; Tsai, TC			IEEE	Parry, David T.; Tsai, Tsung-Chun			Crowdsourcing techniques to create a fuzzy subset of SNOMED CT for semantic tagging of medical documents	2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE 2010)	IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems		English	Proceedings Paper	2010 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence	JUL 18-23, 2010	Barcelona, SPAIN	IEEE, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Int Neural Network Soc, Evolut Program Soc, IET		fuzzy logic; semantic web; ontologies	WEB	Ontologies and other schemes are useful for allowing semantic tagging of documents for many applications on the semantic web. Representing uncertainty on the semantic web is becoming increasingly common, using fuzzy ontologies and other techniques. Very large ontologies and vocabularies have been created, however users may find it difficult to select the correct concept or term when there are large numbers of items that on face value appear to represent the same idea. Creating subsets of ontologies is a popular approach to solving this problem but this may not fit well with the need to deal with complex domains. However crowdsourcing techniques, which harness the power of large groups, may be more effective than document analysis or expert opinion. In Crowdsourcing, large numbers of people collaborate by performing relatively simple tasks usually using applications distributed via the World Wide Web. This approach is being tested in the medical domain using a very large clinical vocabulary, SNOMED CT.	[Parry, David T.; Tsai, Tsung-Chun] Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Comp & Math Sci, Auckland, New Zealand	Parry, DT (reprint author), Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Comp & Math Sci, Auckland, New Zealand.	dave.parry@aut.ac.nz					Anderson DP, 2002, COMMUN ACM, V45, P56, DOI 10.1145/581571.581573; Aniket K, 2008, P 26 ANN SIGCHI C HU; Calegari S, 2006, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V4027, P404; Cotter CM, 2007, J CRIT CARE, V22, P56, DOI 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.01.005; Dolin RH, 2001, J AM MED INFORM ASSN, V8, P552; Huberman BA, 2008, COMPUTER, V41, P103, DOI 10.1109/MC.2008.450; Huff SM, 1998, J AM MED INFORM ASSN, V5, P276; Kalra Dipak, 2005, Stud Health Technol Inform, V115, P153; MICHAELF JCH, 2006, AMIA ANNU S P, P131; O'Malley KJ, 2005, HEALTH SERV RES, V40, P1620, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00444.x; Obama B, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V359, P1537, DOI 10.1056/NEJMp0807677; ONEIL M, 1995, METHOD INFORM MED, V34, P187; O'Reilly T., 2007, COMMUNICATIONS STRAT, P17; Patrick J., 2008, HLTH CARE INFORM REV; Rivadeneira A.W., 2007, P SIGCHI C HUM FACT; Sanchez E, 2006, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V4027, P691; Shadbolt N, 2006, IEEE INTELL SYST, V21, P96, DOI 10.1109/MIS.2006.62; Singh P, 2002, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V2519, P1223; Siorpaes K, 2009, WORLD WIDE WEB, V13, P33; Spackman Kent A, 2005, AMIA Annu Symp Proc, P714; Stoilos G, 2006, IEEE INTELL SYST, V21, P84, DOI 10.1109/MIS.2006.105; Tho QT, 2006, IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN, V18, P842, DOI 10.1109/TKDE.2006.87; *US NAT LIB MED, 2001, MED SUBJ HEAD, V2002; von Ahn L, 2008, SCIENCE, V321, P1465, DOI 10.1126/science.1160379; *WHO, 2001, ICD 10 INT STAT CLAS, V2002; Widyantoro DH, 2001, JOINT 9TH IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND 20TH NAFIPS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-5, P610, DOI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2001.944322; Wollersheim D, 2002, DAT ENG APPL S 2002, P276; Yanbe Y, 2007, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH ACM/IEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES, P107, DOI 10.1145/1255175.1255198; ZADEH LA, 1965, INFORM CONTROL, V8, P338, DOI 10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X; ZIMMERMANN H, 1980, IEEE T COMMUN, V28, P425, DOI 10.1109/TCOM.1980.1094702	30	0	0	0	1	IEEE	NEW YORK	345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA	1098-7584		978-1-4244-6920-8	IEEE INT CONF FUZZY			2010												8	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Computer Science; Engineering	BTO07	WOS:000287453601033		No			2017-07-02	
B	Walter, TP; Back, A		Zimmermann, HD; Wickramasinghe, N; Pucihar, A; Gricar, J; Babnik, M		Walter, Thomas P.; Back, Andrea			Crowdsourcing as a Business Model: An Exploration of Emergent Textbooks Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds	23RD BLED ECONFERENCE ETRUST: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL, ENTERPRISES AND SOCIETY			English	Proceedings Paper	23rd Bled eConference eTrust - Implications for the Individual, Enterprises and Society	JUN 20-23, 2010	Bled, SLOVENIA	Univ Maribor, Enter, Govt Republ Slovenia, Microsoft, SRC, Slovenia Res Agcy, Balkans, Gorenjski Glas		crowdsourcing; business model innovation; collaborative writing; textbooks; case study research		The process of writing textbooks is still very traditional regarding the status of authorship and expert opinions. Recently we observe the emergence of authors who follow a different approach, taping the wisdom of crowds as key resource of their own publications. In this paper, we explore business model innovation which leverages value propositions of textbooks by applying crowdsourcing. We use case study research methods to analyze four textbooks written collaboratively. Essential findings indicate occurrence of user-communities fulfilling peer-reviewing, editing or co-authoring despite a lack of monetary incentives. We further detect a tendency towards wiki software providing a community hub. This paper enters the field of partially crowdsourced textbooks and derives future questions of research.	[Walter, Thomas P.; Back, Andrea] Univ St Gallen, Inst Informat Management, St Gallen, Switzerland		thomas.walter@unisg.ch; andrea.back@unisg.ch					Afuah, 2001, INTERNET BUSINESS MO; Al-Debi, 2008, P 14 AM C INF SYST T, P1; Anderson, 2008, FREE FUTURE RADICAL; Andersson, 2006, 25 INT C CONC MOD ER; The Association of American Publishers, 2009, IND STAT; Brabham, 2008, INT J RES NEW MEDIA, V14, P75; Camponovo and Pigneur, 2003, P 5 INT C ENT INF SY, P1; Chesbrough, 2006, OPEN BUSINESS MODELS; Chesbrough Vanhaverbeke & West, 2006, OPEN INNOVATION RESE; Clemons, 2009, J MANAGEMENT INFORM, V26, P15; Crumlish, 2010, DESIGNING SOCIAL INT; Crumlish, 2009, DESIGNING SOCIAL INT; Krcmar, 2008, P 41 HAW INT C SYST, P1; Eisenhardt, 1989, ACAD MANAGE REV, V14, P532; Shah, 2003, RES POLICY, V32, P157; Howe, 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Howe, 2006, RISE CROWDSOURCING; Johnson, 2008, HARVARD BUS REV, V86, P50; Kawasaki, 2006, MY NEXT BOOK LETTING; Leadbeater, 2008, WE THINK POWER MASS; Leadbeater, 2009, LEADBEATER WE THINK; Leadbeater, 2009, WELCOME WE THINK MAS; Leimeister, 2009, J MANAGEMENT INFORM, V26, P197; Magretta, 2002, HARVARD BUS REV, V80, P86; Nielsen, 2009, NIELSEN BOOKSCAN 200; Osterwalder, 2004, BUSINESS MODEL ONTOL; Osterwalder, 2009, BUSINESS MODEL GENER; Osterwalder, 2009, PUBLISHING C GUERILL; Giaglis, 2003, P 16 BLED ECOMMERCE, P329; Pateli, 2004, EUROPEAN J INFORM SY, V13, P302; Rajala, 2005, 18 BLED ECOMMERCE C, P1; Rappa, 2005, BUSINESS MODELS WEB; Rosen, 2005, ANATOMY BUZZ CREATE; Shankar, 2009, YOU CAN BE PART CROW; Varian, 1998, INFORM RULES STRATEG; Surowiecki, 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Tapscott, 2010, WIKINOMICS BLOG ANNO; Williams, 2008, WIKINOMICS PLAYBOOK; Williams, 2006, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; Timmers P., 1998, ELECTRON MARK, V8, P3, DOI DOI 10.1080/10196789800000016; Torbay, 2001, THUNDERBIRD INT BUSI, V44, P5; Hippel Von, 1986, MANAGE SCI, V32, P791; Williams, 2010, WIKINOMICS PLAYBOOK; Yin, 2009, CASE STUDY RES DESIG; [Anonymous], 2009, BOOKSELLING MARKET R	45	0	0	1	7	UNIV MARIBOR	KRANJ	FAC ORG SCI, ECENTER, KIDRICEVA CESTA 55A, KRANJ, 4000, SLOVENIA			978-961-232-239-7				2010							555	568				14	Business; Social Issues	Business & Economics; Social Issues	BZM16	WOS:000302000400039		No			2017-07-02	
J	Racine, M; Lalande, P; Colby, C; Joyce, A		Chova, LG; Belenguer, DM; Torres, IC		Racine, Martin; Lalande, Philippe; Colby, Charles; Joyce, Alexandre			METACYCLING, AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROJECT PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DESIGN	4TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE (INTED 2010)			English	Proceedings Paper	4th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED)	MAR 08-10, 2010	Valencia, SPAIN			Industrial Design; Web 2.0; Sustainability		The scope of this paper is to present an innovative research project developed in collaboration with Design professors and students from universities around the world, including Canada, the United States and China. Metacycle is a web 2.0 project (please visit www.Metacycle.ca for details), which aims to allow designers, and also the general public, to share their creative ideas about the possibility of giving a second life to obsolete products. The general objective behind this project is to limit the negative environmental impacts created by the discarding of objects that we use on a daily basis, such as electronic devices, sports equipment, toys, etc. More and more of these devices and objects have reduced life spans. This is partly due to technical evolution, but also due to other factors such as aesthetic obsolescence, difficulty in repairing or simply loss of interest (Chapman, 2005). A majority of those technically advanced and sophisticated products end up in landfills after a short time, as they are usually not recyclable. This model of production and consumption is obviously not sustainable. How can designers affect a positive change to this negative scenario? Can we propose an alternative? It is with these questions in mind that a group of design researchers from two Montreal universities have oriented their research with the objective of proposing new avenues to the current model. Their research, entitled Metacycle, proposes an interactive web site that exploits the creative potential of a concept known as "crowdsourcing"(Howe, 2006). The implementation of this project has been made possible through the collaboration of a number of design schools, which have accepted to participate in the beta version of Metacycle and who were willing to test and evaluate the interface of the web site.	[Racine, Martin; Lalande, Philippe; Colby, Charles; Joyce, Alexandre] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada		mracine@alcor.concordia.ca; philippe.lalande@umontreal.ca; charles.colby@umontreal.ca; a.joyce@umontreal.ca					Burns M., 1993, AUTOMATED FABRICATIO; Chapman J., 2005, EMOTIONALLY DURABLE; [Anonymous], 2008, C DES COMB CREAT CON; DesignWS.com, 2008, DESIGN NEWS; Fuller R. B., 1970, BUCKMINSTER FULLER R; Gershenfeld N., 1999, THINGS START THINK; Howe J., 2006, WIRED MAGAZINE; Jacobs J, 1961, DEATH LIFE GREAT AM; Lalande P., 2006, INT C DES EM GOT SWE; McDonough W., 2002, CRADLE CRADLE REMAKI; Norman D. A., 2005, EMOTIONAL DESIGN WHY; Papanek V., 1984, DESIGN REAL WORLD HU; [Anonymous], 2008, BIG ID; Steinbock Naama, 2008, REDDISH; Winograd T., 1996, BRINGING DESIGN SOFT; [Anonymous], 2008, CAN I RECYCLE THIS; [Anonymous], 2008, FINI DEPOTOIR VIEUX	17	0	0	0	3	IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT	VALENICA	LAURI VOLPI 6, VALENICA, BURJASSOT 46100, SPAIN			978-84-613-5538-9				2010							4663	4671				9	Education & Educational Research	Education & Educational Research	BEZ08	WOS:000318805504065		No			2017-07-02	
S	Alonso, O; Schenkel, R; Theobald, M		Gurrin, C; He, Y; Kazai, G; Kruschwitz, U; Little, S; Roelleke, T; Ruger, S; VanRijsbergen, K		Alonso, Omar; Schenkel, Ralf; Theobald, Martin			Crowdsourcing Assessments for XML Ranked Retrieval	ADVANCES IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	32nd European Conference on Information Retrieval Research	MAR 28-31, 2010	Milton Keynes, ENGLAND	Open Univ, Dublin City Univ, Univ Essex, British Comp Soc, Informat Retrieval Specialist Grp, ACM SIGIR, Apriorie, FLAX, Informat Retrieval Fac, AWS, Funnelback, Microsoft Res, GCHQ, Exalead, Google, YAHOO				Crowdsourcing has gained a lot of attention as a viable approach for conducting IR evaluations. This paper shows through a series of experiments on INEX data that crowdsourcing can be a good alternative for relevance assessment in the context of XML retrieval.	[Alonso, Omar; Schenkel, Ralf; Theobald, Martin] Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany	Alonso, O (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany.			Schenkel, Ralf/0000-0001-5379-5191			ALONSO O, 2009, SIGIR IR EV WORKSH; Denoyer L., 2006, SIGIR Forum, V40, P64; Fuhr N, 2008, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V4862, P1, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-85902-4_1; Piwowarski B, 2009, ACM T INFORM SYST, V27, DOI 10.1145/1416950.1416951; Snow R., 2008, EMNLP	5	3	3	0	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-12274-3	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	5993						602	606				5	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BPN36	WOS:000279393900057		No			2017-07-02	
S	Alonso, O; Berberich, K; Bedathur, S; Weikum, G		Gurrin, C; He, Y; Kazai, G; Kruschwitz, U; Little, S; Roelleke, T; Ruger, S; VanRijsbergen, K		Alonso, Omar; Berberich, Klaus; Bedathur, Srikanta; Weikum, Gerhard			NEAT: News Exploration Along Time	ADVANCES IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	32nd European Conference on Information Retrieval Research	MAR 28-31, 2010	Milton Keynes, ENGLAND	Open Univ, Dublin City Univ, Univ Essex, British Comp Soc, Informat Retrieval Specialist Grp, ACM SIGIR, Apriorie, FLAX, Informat Retrieval Fac, AWS, Funnelback, Microsoft Res, GCHQ, Exalead, Google, YAHOO		Temporal information retrieval; information needs; Web archives; user interfaces; exploratory search; crowdsourcing			[Alonso, Omar; Berberich, Klaus; Bedathur, Srikanta; Weikum, Gerhard] Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany	Alonso, O (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany.							0	4	4	0	2	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-12274-3	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	5993						667	667				1	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BPN36	WOS:000279393900072		No			2017-07-02	
S	Sajous, F; Navarro, E; Gaume, B; Prevot, L; Chudy, Y		Loftsson, H; Rognvaldsson, E; Helgadottir, S		Sajous, Franck; Navarro, Emmanuel; Gaume, Bruno; Prevot, Laurent; Chudy, Yannick			Semi-automatic Endogenous Enrichment of Collaboratively Constructed Lexical Resources: Piggybacking onto Wiktionary	ADVANCES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING	Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence		English	Proceedings Paper	7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing	AUG 16-18, 2010	Reykjavik, ICELAND	IZETeam, Microsoft Island, Post & Telecom Adm Iceland		Collaboratively Constructed Lexical Resources; Endogenous Enrichment; Crowdsourcing; Wiktionary; Random Walks		The lack of large-scale, freely available and durable lexical resources, and the consequences for NLP, is widely acknowledged but the attempts to cope with usual bottlenecks preventing their development often result in dead-ends. This article introduces a language-independent, semi-automatic and endogenous method for enriching lexical resources, based on collaborative editing and random walks through existing lexical relationships, and shows how this approach enables us to overcome recurrent impediments. It compares the impact of using different data sources and similarity measures on the task of improving synonymy networks. Finally, it defines an architecture for applying the presented method to Wiktionary and explains how it has been implemented.	[Sajous, Franck; Gaume, Bruno; Chudy, Yannick] CNRS, CLLE ERSS, F-75700 Paris, France; [Navarro, Emmanuel] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRIT, Toulouse, France; [Prevot, Laurent] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, LPL, F-13331 Marseille 3, France	Sajous, F (reprint author), CNRS, CLLE ERSS, F-75700 Paris, France.		Prevot, Laurent/A-5823-2015	Prevot, Laurent/0000-0002-2463-2382			Brunello M., 2009, P WAC5 5 WORKSH WEB, P37; Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2006, FAT FLAW REF REC STU; Fellbaum Christiane, 1998, WORDNET ELECT LEXICA; FORTE A, 2008, P HICSS WAIK HI JAN; Gaume B., 2005, HIERARCHY NATURAL SO, P121; Gaume B., 2008, PAGERANK INDUCED TOP; Giles J, 2005, NATURE, V438, P900, DOI 10.1038/438900a; Hearst M., 1992, P 14 INT C COMP LING, P539, DOI DOI 10.3115/992133.992154; Huang C. R., 2005, COMPUTATIONAL LINGUI, V10, P417; Hughes T., 2007, P 2007 JOINT C EMP M, P581; Jacquin C, 2007, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V4394, P12; Lafourcade M., 2007, SNLP 2007; Meyer CM, 2010, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V6008, P38; Navarro Emmanuel, 2009, P 2009 WORKSH PEOPL, P19, DOI 10.3115/1699765.1699768; Pantel P, 2006, COLING/ACL 2006, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE, P113; Sagot B., 2008, P ONTOLEX 2008 MARR; Sekine S., 2010, FLARENET FOR 2010 BA; Tufis Dan, 2000, ROMANIAN J INFORM SC, V7; Voormann H, 2008, CORPUS LINGUIST LING, V4, P235, DOI 10.1515/CLLT.2008.010; Vossen P., 1998, EUROWORDNET MULTILIN; Weale T., 2009, P ACL IJCNLP WORKSH, P28, DOI 10.3115/1699765.1699769; Zesch T., 2010, FLARENET FOR 2010 BA; Zesch T., 2008, P C LANG RES EV LREC; Zesch T, 2010, NAT LANG ENG, V16, P25, DOI 10.1017/S1351324909990167	24	7	7	0	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-14769-2	LECT NOTES ARTIF INT			2010	6233						332	+				3	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUF75	WOS:000289187000037		No			2017-07-02	
B	Zheng, J; Jakiela, MJ			ASME	Zheng, Jing; Jakiela, Mark J.			AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENCE IN MECHANICAL EMBODIMENT DESIGN BETWEEN FACE-TO-FACE AND THREADED ONLINE COLLABORATION	ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2, PTS A AND B			English	Proceedings Paper	ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference	AUG 30-SEP 02, 2009	San Diego, CA	ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Info Engn Div			COMMUNICATION; TEAMS	The threaded online, also known as "forum," collaboration method is widely used by open source software projects As open source and Crowdsourcing [3] design approaches gain attention, there is a need to explore whether the threaded online method would compete with the more traditional method, face to face, in mechanical engineering design in terms of productivity Our experiment shows that with a suitably sized challenge, the threaded online method does generate about equal productivity as the face-to-face method However, the participation rates are lower in the threaded online method and the participants' satisfaction with the experience was also less This suggests that additional communication mechanisms are needed to facilitate the threaded online method, and management mechanisms should be imposed We also identified two phenomena that warrant further investigation The first is what we call "inertia loafing" Enthusiasm among online community members is fragile A small drop in satisfaction level can cause many to become unwilling to participate The second is that an online community tends to have two kinds of members "players" who are responsible for most content creation, and "cheer leaders" who provide feedback or provide an assisting function	[Zheng, Jing; Jakiela, Mark J.] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Struct Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA	Jakiela, MJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Struct Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.						AMABILE TM, 1982, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V43, P997, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.997; Boutellier R, 1998, R&D MANAGE, V28, P13, DOI 10.1111/1467-9310.00077; DIEHL M, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P497, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.497; French M.J., 1971, ENG DESIGN CONCEPTUA; GALLUPE RB, 1992, ACAD MANAGE J, V35, P359; Hennessey B. A., 1999, ENCY CREATIVITY, VI, P347; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED            JUN, P176; JAKIELA MJ, 2008, P 2008 ASME DES ENG, V4, P711; LATANE B, 1979, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V37, P822, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.37.6.822; Ligorio MB, 2001, COMPUT EDUC, V37, P103, DOI 10.1016/S0360-1315(01)00039-2; Meyer K. A., 2003, J ASYNCHRONOUS LEARN, V7; Ocker RJ, 1999, GROUP DECIS NEGOT, V8, P427, DOI 10.1023/A:1008621827601; Pahl G., 1996, ENG DESIGN SYSTEMATI; Raymond Eric Steven, 2000, CATHEDRAL BAZAAR VER; SAWYER K, 2007, GROUP GENIUS CREATIV, P39; SCHONFELD E, 2008, TECHCRUNCH      0512; SCHONFELD E, 2008, TECHCRUNCH      0218; Suthers D, 2003, COM S COLL LEARN, V2, P173; Yang MC, 2008, INT J ENG EDUC, V24, P400; ZHENG J, 2010, ARTIFICIAL INT UNPUB, V24	20	0	0	0	0	AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS	NEW YORK	THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA			978-0-7918-4899-9				2010							1173	1182				10	Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical	Computer Science; Engineering	BSU94	WOS:000285850200127		No			2017-07-02	
J	Thurzo, A; Stanko, P; Urbanova, W; Lysy, J; Suchancova, B; Makovnik, M; Javorka, V				Thurzo, A.; Stanko, P.; Urbanova, W.; Lysy, J.; Suchancova, B.; Makovnik, M.; Javorka, V			The WEB 2.0 induced paradigm shift in the e-learning and the role of crowdsourcing in dental education	BRATISLAVA MEDICAL JOURNAL-BRATISLAVSKE LEKARSKE LISTY			English	Article						dental education; e-learning; dental informatics; crowdsourcing; Web 2.0; knowledge retention		Objectives: Authors evaluated the effect of the WEB 2.0 environment on dental education and estimated the difference in retention of knowledge by cephalometric analysis in orthodontics between conventional education and off-line e-learning. Background: Five years of experience with complex web-based e-learning system allowed the evaluation by retrospective analysis and on-line questionnaire. Results: The results revealed the current trends in on-line behavior of students based on the WEB 2.0 innovative technologies like Ajax. Results confirmed an increasing number of resources with a rising frequency of e-learning materials. Conclusion: The study confirmed that e-learning of the same subject is more efficient in immediate examination after the lecture with even better results after 12 and 24 months against the control group (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 26). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.	[Thurzo, A.; Lysy, J.; Suchancova, B.] Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Dept Dent & Maxillofacial Surg, Dept Orthodont, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Thurzo, A.; Stanko, P.; Lysy, J.; Suchancova, B.; Javorka, V] St Elisabeth Inst Oncol, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Javorka, V] Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Dept Dent & Maxillofacial Surg, Dept Conservat Dent, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Stanko, P.] Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Dept Dent & Maxillofacial Surg, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Urbanova, W.] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Orthodont & Cleft Anomalies, Fac Hosp Royal Vineyard, Dent Dept,Med Fac 3, Prague, Czech Republic; [Makovnik, M.] Univ Hosp, Bratislava, Slovakia	Thurzo, A (reprint author), Wolkrova 33, SK-85101 Bratislava, Slovakia.	AndrejThurzo@hotmail.com			Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic: Culture and education grant agency KEGA [3//6055/08]; Applied research funding agency AV [4/2027/08]; Scientific grant agency VEGA [1/0460/09]; Ministry of health of the Slovak Republic [2007/37-UK-19]; Grant of Comenius University GUK [UK 80-2008]	With the support of The Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic: Culture and education grant agency KEGA-#3//6055/08, Applied research funding agency AV-#4/2027/08, Scientific grant agency VEGA-#1/0460/09,The Ministry of health of the Slovak Republic, Research grant #2007/37-UK-19 Grant of Comenius University GUK-#UK 80-2008	Aly M, 2004, Eur J Dent Educ, V8, P43, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2004.00315.x; Boulos MNK, 2007, HEALTH INFO LIBR J, V24, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2007.00701.x; Boulos Maged N Kamel, 2006, BMC Med Educ, V6, P41, DOI 10.1186/1472-6920-6-41; Chambers D W, 1995, J Dent Educ, V59, P567; Clark Glenn T, 2003, J Calif Dent Assoc, V31, P611; Downes PK, 2007, BRIT DENT J, V203, P75, DOI 10.1038/bdj.2007.633; Grimes Ellen B, 2002, J Dent Educ, V66, P100; Jasinevicius T Roma, 2004, J Dent Educ, V68, P1151; Johnson Lynn A, 2003, J Dent Educ, V67, P1209; KOMOLPIS R, J DENT ED, V66, P650; Magnussen L, 2008, J NURS EDUC, V47, P82; MAKOVNIK M, 2009, 02 MEFANET MAS U, P109; Mattheos N, 2008, EUR J DENT EDUC, V12, P85, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00483.x; McLean R, 2007, MED J AUSTRALIA, V187, P174; Mohammed S, 2008, Int J Electron Healthc, V4, P24, DOI 10.1504/IJEH.2008.018919; Murphy Robert J, 2004, J Dent Educ, V68, P859; REYNOLDS PA, 2007, BRIT DENT J, P419; Ridgway PF, 2007, MED EDUC, V41, P168, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02669.x; Sandars John, 2008, Med Teach, V30, P308, DOI 10.1080/01421590701798729; Santoro Eugenio, 2007, Recenti Prog Med, V98, P484; THURZO A, 2009, 02 MEFANET MAS U, P83; THURZO A, 2009, ENHANCEMENTS E LEARN, P113; Wesch M., 2007, VISION STUDENTS TODA; Wikipedia, 2008, WEB 2 0; Zhang Z, 2009, BRIEF BIOINFORM, V10, P1, DOI 10.1093/bib/bbn041	25	4	4	0	5	COMENIUS UNIV	BRATISLAVA I	SCH MEDICINE, SPITALSKA 24, BRATISLAVA I, SK-813 72, SLOVAKIA	0006-9248			BRATISL MED J	Bratisl. Med. J.		2010	111	3					168	175				8	Medicine, General & Internal	General & Internal Medicine	584DJ	WOS:000276730200014	20437831	No			2017-07-02	
B	Heer, J; Bostock, M			ACM	Heer, Jeffrey; Bostock, Michael			Crowdsourcing Graphical Perception: Using Mechanical Turk to Assess Visualization Design	CHI2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4			English	Proceedings Paper	28th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems	APR 10-15, 2010	Atlanta, GA	Google, Microsoft, NSF, Yahoo Labs, ACM SIGCHI		Information visualization; graphical perception; user study; evaluation; Mechanical Turk; crowdsourcing	SCATTERPLOTS; INFORMATION; INTERNET	Understanding perception is critical to effective visualization design. With its low cost and scalability; crowdsourcing presents an attractive option for evaluating the large design space of visualizations; however, it first requires validation. In this paper, we assess the viability of Amazon's Mechanical Turk as a platform for graphical perception experiments. We replicate previous studies of spatial encoding and luminance contrast and compare our results. We also conduct new experiments on rectangular area perception (as in treemaps or cartograms) and on chart size and gridline spacing. Our results demonstrate that crowdsourced perception experiments are viable and contribute new insights for visualization design. Lastly, we report cost and performance data from our experiments and distill recommendations for the design of crowdsourced studies.	[Heer, Jeffrey; Bostock, Michael] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Heer, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	jheer@cs.stanford.edu; mbostock@cs.stanford.edu					Beattie V., 2002, ABACUS, V38, P177, DOI 10.1111/1467-6281.00104; Bertin J., 1967, SEMIOLOGIE GRAPHIQUE; BRULS DM, 2000, DATA VISUALIZATION 2, P33; CHESHIRE C, 2007, SOCIAL PSYCHOL Q, V70; CLEVELAND WS, 1982, SCIENCE, V216, P1138, DOI 10.1126/science.216.4550.1138; Cleveland W. S., 1993, VISUALIZING DATA; Cleveland WS RM, 1984, J AM STAT ASSOC, V79, P531, DOI 10.2307/2288400; Cole F., 2009, ACM SIGGRAPH, P1, DOI DOI 10.1145/1576246.1531334; Dent B. D., 1998, CARTOGRAPHY THEMATIC; GARNER WR, 1974, PROCESSING INFONNATI; GILMARTIN PP, 1981, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V71, P253, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1981.tb01351.x; Heer J., 2009, ACM CHI, P1303; Ipeirotis P, 2008, MECH TURK DEMOGRAPHI; [Anonymous], 2008, ACM CHI; KOHAVI R, 2007, ACM KDD, P959; Kraut R, 2004, AM PSYCHOL, V59, P105, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.105; LEWANDOWSKY S, 1989, J AM STAT ASSOC, V84, P682, DOI 10.2307/2289649; LING K, 2005, 1 CMC, V10; MacEachren A.M., 1995, MAPS WORK REPRESENTA; MACKAY WE, 2007, ACM CHI, P1425; MACKINLAY J, 1986, ACM T GRAPHIC, V5, P110, DOI 10.1145/22949.22950; Mackinlay JD, 2007, IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR, V13, P1137, DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70594; MASON WA, 2009, KDD HCOMP; REILLY DF, 2007, ACM CHI, P111; Salganik MJ, 2009, TOP COGN SCI, V1, P439, DOI 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01030.x; SHNEIDERMAN B, 1992, ACM T GRAPHIC, V11, P92, DOI 10.1145/102377.115768; SHORTRIDGE BG, 1982, AM CARTOGRAPHER, V9, P155; SIMKIN D, 1987, J AM STAT ASSOC, V82, P454, DOI 10.2307/2289447; SPENCE I, 1991, APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH, V5, P61, DOI 10.1002/acp.2350050106; STONE M., 2009, COL IM C; Tremmel L., 1995, J COMPUTATIONAL GRAP, V4, P101, DOI 10.2307/1390760; Viegas FB, 2007, IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR, V13, P1121, DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70577; Ware C., 2004, INFORM VISUALIZATION; WATTENBERG W, 1999, ACM CHI, P188; WIGDOR D, 2007, ACM CHI, P473; ZIERNKIEWICZ C, 2008, IEEE TVCG, V14, P1269	36	102	103	2	8	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-929-9				2010							203	212				10	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BQM07	WOS:000281276700023		No			2017-07-02	
B	Downs, JS; Holbrook, MB; Sheng, S; Cranor, LF			ACM	Downs, Julie S.; Holbrook, Mandy B.; Sheng, Steve; Cranor, Lorrie Faith			Are Your Participants Gaming the System? Screening Mechanical Turk Workers	CHI2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4			English	Proceedings Paper	28th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems	APR 10-15, 2010	Atlanta, GA	Google, Microsoft, NSF, Yahoo, ACM SIGCHI		screening; Mechanical Turk; survey; crowdsourcing		In this paper we discuss a screening process used in conjunction with a survey administered via Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk. We sought an easily implementable method to disqualify those people who participate but don't take the study tasks seriously. By using two previously pilot tested screening questions, we identified 764 of 1,962 people who did not answer conscientiously. Young men seem to be most likely to fail the qualification task. Those that are professionals, students, and non-workers seem to be more likely to take the task seriously than financial workers, hourly workers, and other workers. Men over 30 and women were more likely to answer seriously.	[Downs, Julie S.; Holbrook, Mandy B.; Sheng, Steve; Cranor, Lorrie Faith] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA	Downs, JS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.	downs@cmu.edu; mandy@cmu.edu; shengx@cmu.edu; lorrie@cmu.edu		Cranor, Lorrie/0000-0003-2125-0124			*AM MECH TURK, AM MECH TURK BEST PR; ATWOOD J, 2007, CODING HORROR PROGRA; Callison-Burch C., 2009, P 2009 C EMP METH NA, P286; IPEIROTIS P, TURKER DEMOGRAPHICS; Kittur A., 2008, P 26 ANN SIGCHI C HU, P453, DOI DOI 10.1145/1357054.1357127; MDFEDRIES P, 2006, IEEE SPECTRUM, V43, P88; SHENG S, 2010, P CHI 2010	7	58	58	0	4	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-929-9				2010							2399	2402				4	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BQM07	WOS:000281276701115		No			2017-07-02	
S	Karnin, ED; Walach, E; Drory, T		Daniel, F; Facca, FM		Karnin, Ehud D.; Walach, Eugene; Drory, Tal			Crowdsourcing in the Document Processing Practice (A Short Practitioner/Visionary Paper)	CURRENT TRENDS IN WEB ENGINEERING	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on Web Engineering	JUL 05-09, 2010	Vienna, AUSTRIA	Vienna Univ Technol, Business Informat Grp, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Vienna Convent Bur, SIEMENS AG, Google, Austrian Airlines		Enterprise Crowdsourcing; documents processing; quality control; productivity tools; quality assurance		The processing of scanned documents calls for automatic recognition of the text by OCR (Optical Character Recognition) computer programs, followed by human validation and correction. Crowdsourcing of these essential manual tasks is a good option, provided one can take care of some key challenges, so that the quality level expected by the customer is met. We show how tools for efficient validation and correction are adapted and enhanced to address issues associated with crowdsourcing, such as data privacy, quality control, crowd monitoring, and job quality assurance. We started to implement these ideas and technologies in our COoperative eNgine for Correction of ExtRacted Text (CONCERT), which is used in book digitization projects.	[Karnin, Ehud D.; Walach, Eugene; Drory, Tal] IBM Res Haifa Lab, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel	Karnin, ED (reprint author), IBM Res Haifa Lab, Haifa Univ Campus, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel.	karnin@il.ibm.com; walach@il.ibm.com; tald@il.ibm.com					KARNIN E, 2007, FRONT SERV 2007 C; 5455875	2	2	2	0	4	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16984-7	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6385s						408	411				4	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUV36	WOS:000290453500036		No			2017-07-02	
S	Oliveira, F; Ramos, I; Santos, L		Daniel, F; Facca, FM		Oliveira, Fabio; Ramos, Isabel; Santos, Leonel			Definition of a Crowdsourcing Innovation Service for the European SMEs	CURRENT TRENDS IN WEB ENGINEERING	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on Web Engineering	JUL 05-09, 2010	Vienna, AUSTRIA	Vienna Univ Technol, Business Informat Grp, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Vienna Convent Bur, SIEMENS AG, Google, Austrian Airlines		Crowdsourcing Innovation; European SMEs; Intermediaries	FIRMS	Based on literature review and on the study of the most known and referred Crowdsourcing brokers, there's a clear trend to implement this model by large companies and mainly within the North American context. Our research team is focused in bringing this approach closer to the European culture, more specifically the cultural factors underlying the dynamics and motivation of communities available to solve the innovation challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), that we call Crowdsourcing Innovation. We believe that, due to the common lack of resources for innovation in these companies, a service capable of involving them in large networks filled with useful and reachable knowledge, and capable of supporting these companies through all the innovation process, is crucial to the future competitiveness of the European SMEs. Although our team is focusing on several aspects related to Crowdsourcing, my main research focuses the information services and supporting applications to create a web platform adapted to the key economical, organizational, legal and cultural differences that make current Crowdsourcing Innovation businesses less popular among European SMEs than in North America.	[Oliveira, Fabio; Ramos, Isabel; Santos, Leonel] Univ Minho, Dept Informat Syst, P-4800057 Guimaraes, Portugal	Oliveira, F (reprint author), Univ Minho, Dept Informat Syst, Campus Azurem, P-4800057 Guimaraes, Portugal.	fjroliveira@gavea.dsi.uminho.pt; iramos@dsi.uminho.pt; leonel@dsi.uminho.pt	Santos, Leonel/F-3592-2011	Ramos, Isabel/0000-0001-8035-4703			Chesbrough H. W., 2003, OPEN INNOVATION NEW; Dicken P., 2007, GLOBAL SHIFT MAPPING; Diener K., 2010, MARKET OPEN INNOVATI; Edwards T, 2005, TECHNOVATION, V25, P1119, DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2004.04.005; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED            JUN, P176; Koulopoulos T., 2009, INNOVATION ZONE GREA; Laursen K, 2004, RES POLICY, V33, P1201, DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2004.07.004; Porter M.E., 1985, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAG; RAMOS I, 2009, P C ROL IS LEV INT C; ROTHWELL R, 1991, TECHNOVATION, V11, P93, DOI 10.1016/0166-4972(91)90040-B; Rothwell R, 1994, HDB IND INNOVATION, P310; Schumpeter J, 1934, THEORY EC DEV; SOUZA L, 2009, P 4 MED C INF SYST A; Vaishnavi Vijay K., 2007, DESIGN SCI RES METHO; Vigier P, 2007, INNOVATION-ABINGDON, V20, P191, DOI 10.1080/13511610701707359	15	2	2	2	10	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16984-7	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6385s						412	416				5	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUV36	WOS:000290453500037		No			2017-07-02	
S	Arellano, C; Diaz, O; Iturrioz, J		Daniel, F; Facca, FM		Arellano, Cristobal; Diaz, Oscar; Iturrioz, Jon			Script Programmers as Value Co-creators	CURRENT TRENDS IN WEB ENGINEERING	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on Web Engineering	JUL 05-09, 2010	Vienna, AUSTRIA	Vienna Univ Technol, Business Informat Grp, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Vienna Convent Bur, SIEMENS AG, Google, Austrian Airlines		Greasemonkey; JavaScript; Crowdsourcing; Web2.0		Website owners are gradually realising the benefits of viewing customers as co-creators of value. Unfortunately, current development models offer little help in understanding and managing this new form of value co-creation. The Metropolis Model has recently identified three realms of roles for crowdsourcing: the kernel (providing the core functionality), the periphery (the partners) and the masses (the end users). Technically wise, the periphery requires mechanisms for the commons to suggest, develop and maintain additional services on top of the kernel. This work concretizes the Metropolis Model for crowdsourced website development based on user scripts. We outline some technical challenges to foster the relationship between end users (the masses), scripters (the periphery) and the web site (the kernel) on the way to promote script-based crowdsourcing.	[Arellano, Cristobal; Diaz, Oscar; Iturrioz, Jon] Univ Basque Country, ONEKIN Res Grp, San Sebastian, Spain	Arellano, C (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, ONEKIN Res Grp, San Sebastian, Spain.	cristobal.arellano@ehu.es; oscar.diaz@ehu.es; jon.iturrioz@ehu.es	Diaz, Oscar/D-2822-2011	Diaz, Oscar/0000-0003-1334-4761			DIAZ O, 2008, 17 INT C WORLD WID W; Kazman R, 2009, COMMUN ACM, V52, P76, DOI 10.1145/1538788.1538808	2	1	1	0	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16984-7	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6385s						417	420				4	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUV36	WOS:000290453500038		No			2017-07-02	
S	Kern, R; Thies, H; Bauer, C; Satzger, G		Daniel, F; Facca, FM		Kern, Robert; Thies, Hans; Bauer, Cordula; Satzger, Gerhard			Quality Assurance for Human-Based Electronic Services: A Decision Matrix for Choosing the Right Approach	CURRENT TRENDS IN WEB ENGINEERING	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on Web Engineering	JUL 05-09, 2010	Vienna, AUSTRIA	Vienna Univ Technol, Business Informat Grp, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Vienna Convent Bur, SIEMENS AG, Google, Austrian Airlines				Crowdsourcing in the form of human-based electronic services provides a powerful way of outsourcing so called human intelligence tasks (HITs) to a large workforce of people over the Internet. Because of the limited control over that workforce, it is challenging to ensure the quality of the work results. Several approaches have been proposed that can be applied to specific types of HITs. However, it is difficult to identify a suitable quality management approach for any given type of HIT. This paper aims to provide a first sketch of a decision matrix.	[Kern, Robert; Thies, Hans; Bauer, Cordula; Satzger, Gerhard] KIT, Karlsruhe Serv Res Inst, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany	Kern, R (reprint author), KIT, Karlsruhe Serv Res Inst, Englerstr 11, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.	robert.kern@kit.edu; hans.thies@gmx.de; cordula.bauer@gmx.net; gerhard.satzger@kit.edu					Barr J., 2006, ACM Queue, V4; Kern R., 2010, P 16 AM C INF SYST A; KERN R, 2008, LNCS, V5472, P304; Rowe G, 1999, INT J FORECASTING, V15, P353, DOI 10.1016/S0169-2070(99)00018-7; Snow R., 2008, EMNLP 08, P254; Sorokin A., 2008, COMP VIS PATT REC WO, P1, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2008.4562953; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS	7	6	6	0	0	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16984-7	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6385s						421	424				4	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUV36	WOS:000290453500039		No			2017-07-02	
S	La Vecchia, G; Cisternino, A		Daniel, F; Facca, FM		La Vecchia, Gioacchino; Cisternino, Antonio			Collaborative Workforce, Business Process Crowdsourcing as an Alternative of BPO	CURRENT TRENDS IN WEB ENGINEERING	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on Web Engineering	JUL 05-09, 2010	Vienna, AUSTRIA	Vienna Univ Technol, Business Informat Grp, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Vienna Convent Bur, SIEMENS AG, Google, Austrian Airlines		crowdsourcing; social production; collaborative intelligence; business process management		Crowdsourcing is the act of outsourcing activities to networked people. This paper presents Business Process Crowdsourcing, an alternative to Business Process Outsourcing where crowd activities are coordinated, work force contributions not wasted and final result guaranteed. The positioning paper shows how to transform canonical business processes in crowdsourced business processes where Web 2.0, social networks, and business process management are combined to deploy business critical process to the Internet, getting the same level of quality and control of traditional outsourcing approaches with conventional workforce.	[La Vecchia, Gioacchino] CrowdEngineering Inc, 440 N Wolfe Rd, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA; [Cisternino, Antonio] Dipartimento Informat, I-56127 Pisa, Italy	La Vecchia, G (reprint author), CrowdEngineering Inc, 440 N Wolfe Rd, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.	gio@crowdengineering.com; cisterni@di.unipi.it		CISTERNINO, ANTONIO/0000-0001-5302-3335			BRITT RR, 2010, NASA WANTS YOU IDENT; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED MAGAZINE  0614; Nielsen J., PARTICIPATION INEQUA	3	7	7	0	4	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16984-7	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6385s						425	+				3	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUV36	WOS:000290453500040		No			2017-07-02	
J	Holtkamp, A; Mele, S; Simko, T; Smith, T		Sojka, P		Holtkamp, Annette; Mele, Salvatore; Simko, Tibor; Smith, Tim		INSPIRE Collaboration	INSPIRE: Realizing the Dream of a Global Digital Library in High-Energy Physics	DML 2010 - TOWARDS A DIGITAL MATHEMATICS LIBRARY			English	Proceedings Paper	Conference on Towards a Digital Mathematics Library (DML)	JUL 07-08, 2010	Paris, FRANCE	Masaryk Univ, Fac Informat		digital library; high-energy physics; INSPIRE; Invenio; metadata curation		High-Energy Physics (HEP) has a long tradition in pioneering infrastructures for scholarly communication, and four leading laboratories are now rolling-out the next-generation digital library for the field: INSPIRE. This is an evolution of the extraordinarily successful, 40-years old SPIRES database. Based on the Invenio software, INSPIRE already provides seamless access to almost 1 million records, which will be expanded to cover multimedia, data, software, wikis. Services offered include citation analysis, fulltext search, extraction of figures from fulltext and search in figure captions, automatic keyword assignment, metadata harvesting, retrodigitization, ingestion and automatic display of LATEX, and storage of supplementary materials like Mathematica notebooks. New services are in different phases of design or implementation, in strategic partnerships with all other information providers in the field and neighbouring disciplines, including; automatic author disambiguation, user tagging, crowdsourcing of metadata curation, automatic document classification, semantic analysis, innovative metrics, recommender systems, object aggregation with OAI-ORE definition, integration of OAIS standards for long-term document preservation.	[Holtkamp, Annette; Mele, Salvatore; Simko, Tibor; Smith, Tim] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland	Holtkamp, A (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.	Annette.Holtkamp@cern.ch; Salvatore.Mele@cern.ch; Tibor.Simko@cern.ch; Tim.Smith@cern.ch		Holtkamp, Annette/0000-0002-4133-3528			Gentil-Beccot A, 2009, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V60, P150, DOI 10.1002/asi.20944; Heuer Rolf-Dieter, 2008, Information Services & Use, V28, P83, DOI 10.3233/ISU-2008-0570	2	0	0	0	0	MASARYKOVA UNIV	BRNO	ZEROTINOVO NAM 9, BRNO 601 77, CZECH REPUBLIC			978-80-210-5242-0				2010							83	92				10	Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science	BF0SO	WOS:000379393300011		No			2017-07-02	
J	Salim, FD; Burry, J; Taniar, D; Lee, VC; Burrow, A		Schmitt, G; Hovestad, L; VanGool, L; Bosche, F; Burkhard, R; Coleman, S; Halatsch, J; Hansmeyer, M; KonsorskiLang, S; Kunze, A; SehmiLuck, M		Salim, Flora Dilys; Burry, Jane; Taniar, David; Lee, Vincent Cheong; Burrow, Andrew			The Digital Emerging and Converging Bits of Urbanism Crowddesigning a live knowledge network for sustainable urban living	ECAADE 2010: FUTURE CITIES			English	Proceedings Paper	28th Conference on Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe)	SEP 15-18, 2010	Zurich, SWITZERLAND	ETH Zurich, Autodesk, BASF, Bentley, IBM		Crowdsourcing; Knowledge Discovery; Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing; Urban Modeling; Spatial Interaction; Social Networking; Web 2.0		Data is ubiquitous in our cities. However, designing a knowledge network about our cities is an arduous task, given that data sensed cannot be used directly, human significance must be added. Adding human significance can be achieved via an automated "expert system (ES)" in which domain expert knowledge are stored in a knowledge-based repository. The domain expert knowledge is matched with the corresponding data to derive specific inference which can aid decision making for urban stakeholders. This requires amalgamation of various interdisciplinary techniques. This paper presents a survey of existing technologies in order to investigate the emerging issues surrounding the design of a live knowledge network for sustainable urban living. The maps and models of the existing infrastructure of our cities that include a wealth of information such as topography, layout, zoning, land use, transportation networks, public facilities, and resource network grids need to be integrated with real-time spatiotemporal information about the city. Public data in forms of archives and data streams as well as online data from the social network and the Web can be analyzed using data mining techniques. The domain experts need to interpret the results of data mining into knowledge that will augment the existing knowledge base and models of our cities. In addition to the analysis of archived and streamed data sources from the built environment, the emerging state-of-the-art Web 2.0 and mobile technologies are presented as the potential techniques to crowddesign a live urban knowledge network. Data modeling, data mining, crowdsourcing, and social intervention techniques are reviewed in this paper with examples from the related work and our own experiments.	[Salim, Flora Dilys; Burry, Jane; Burrow, Andrew] RMIT Univ, SIAL, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; [Taniar, David; Lee, Vincent Cheong] Monash Univ, Fac Informat Technol, Clayton, Vic, Australia	Salim, FD (reprint author), RMIT Univ, SIAL, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.	flora.salim@rmit.edu.au; jane.burry@rmit.edu.au; david.taniar@monash.edu; vincent.cs.lee@monash.edu; andrew.burrow@rmit.edu.au					Ashrafi M. Z., 2007, INT J BUSINESS INTEL, V2, P29, DOI [10.1504/IJ-BIDM.2007.012945, DOI 10.1504/IJ-BIDM.2007.012945]; Fogg BJ., 2002, PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOG; Froehlich J, 2009, P CHI2009 BOST MA US; Howe J., 2006, WIRED; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Keirstead J, 2009, P 5 URB RES S; Kim W, 2003, DATA MIN KNOWL DISC, V7, P81, DOI 10.1023/A:1021564703268; Leaman A, 2004, HUMAN GIVES J, V11; Michalewicz Z., 2007, ADAPTIVE BUSINESS IN; Rusu LI, 2004, P 6 INT C INF INT WE; Salim FD, 2008, 6 ANN IEEE INT C PER; Salim FD, 2010, P 24 INT C ADV INF N; Taniar D., 2010, INT J COMPUTER SYSTE, V23; Taniar D, 2008, APPL MATH COMPUT, V205, P735, DOI 10.1016/j.amc.2008.05.020; Taniar D, 2007, INT J DISTRIB SENS N, V3, P69, DOI 10.1080/15501320601069499; Tjioe H. C., 2005, International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining, V1, P28, DOI 10.4018/jdwm.2005070103; Wang YD, 2006, DATA KNOWL ENG, V57, P240, DOI 10.1016/j.datak.2005.04.006	17	1	1	0	1	ECAADE-EDUCATION & RESEARCH COMPUTER AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN EUROPE	BRUSSELS	DEPT ARCHITECTURE SINT-LUCAS BRUSSELS-GHENT, HOGESCHOOL VOOR WETENSCHAP & KUNST, PALEIZENSTRAAT 65, BRUSSELS, 1030, BELGIUM			978-0-9541183-9-6				2010							883	891				9	Architecture	Architecture	BB0RA	WOS:000340629400094		No			2017-07-02	
S	Brew, A; Greene, D; Cunningham, P		Coelho, H; Studer, R; Wooldridge, M		Brew, Anthony; Greene, Derek; Cunningham, Padraig			Using Crowdsourcing and Active Learning to Track Sentiment in Online Media	ECAI 2010 - 19TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE	Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications		English	Proceedings Paper	19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)/6th Conference on Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS)	AUG 16-20, 2010	Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci, Lisbon, PORTUGAL	European Coordinating Comm Artificial Intelligence (ECCAI), Agreement Technol, Portuguese Assoc Artificial Intelligence (APPIA), Artificial Intelligence Journal, Fundacao Luso-Amer (FLAD), Lab Agent Modelling (LabMAg), PRIMAVERA Business Software Solut, SISCOG (Sistemas Cognitivos)	Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci			Tracking sentiment in the popular media has long been of interest to media analysts and pundits. With the availability of news content via online syndicated feeds, it is now possible to automate some aspects of this process. There is also great potential to crowdsource(2) much of the annotation work that is required to train a machine learning system to perform sentiment scoring. We describe such a system for tracking economic sentiment in online media that has been deployed since August 2009. It uses annotations provided by a cohort of non-expert annotators to train a learning system to classify a large body of news items. We report on the design challenges addressed in managing the effort of the annotators and in making annotation an interesting experience.	[Brew, Anthony; Greene, Derek; Cunningham, Padraig] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland	Brew, A (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.	anthony.brew@ucd.ie		Cunningham, Padraig/0000-0002-3499-0810	Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [05/IN.1/I24, 08/SRC/I1407.]	This research was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Grant Nos. 05/IN.1/I24 and 08/SRC/I1407.	Attardi G., 2006, P 15 TEXT RETRIEVAL; Basu S., 2004, P 10 ACM SIGKDD INT, P59, DOI DOI 10.1145/1014052.1014062; Blitzer J., 2007, P 45 ANN M ASS COMP, P440; Brew Anthony, 2010, UCDCSI20101; Cunningham P, 2008, COGN TECHNOL, P21, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-75171-7_2; Dawid A. P., 1979, J ROYAL STAT SOC C, V28, P20, DOI DOI 10.2307/2346806; DONMEZ P, 2009, P 15 ACM SIGKDD INT, P259, DOI 10.1145/1557019.1557053; Hsueh P.-Y., 2009, P NAACL HLT 2009 WOR, P27, DOI 10.3115/1564131.1564137; Kittur A., 2008, P 26 ANN SIGCHI C HU, P453, DOI DOI 10.1145/1357054.1357127; Matsumoto S., 2005, P 9 PAC AS C KNOWL D, P301; Pang B., 2002, P ACL 2002 C EMP MET, V10, P79, DOI DOI 10.3115/1118693.1118704; Provost F, 1998, P 15 INT C MACH LEAR, P445; Raykar V. C., 2009, P 26 ANN INT C MACH, P889, DOI DOI 10.1145/1553374.1553488; Sheng V. S., 2008, P 14 ACM SIGKDD INT, P614, DOI DOI 10.1145/1401890.1401965; Smyth P, 1995, ADV NEURAL INFORM PR; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN, P254, DOI 10.3115/1613715.1613751; Wilson TS, 2005, PHIL EDUC, P347, DOI 10.3115/1220575.1220619; Wright Alex, 2009, NY TIMES	18	6	6	2	7	IOS PRESS	AMSTERDAM	NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS	0922-6389		978-1-60750-605-8; 978-1-60750-606-5	FRONT ARTIF INTEL AP			2010	215						145	150		10.3233/978-1-60750-606-5-145		6	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence	Computer Science	BBB81	WOS:000306373200024		No			2017-07-02	
S	Williams, AJ		Belford, RE; Moore, JW; Pence, HE		Williams, Antony J.			Chem Spider: Integrating Structure-Based Resources Distributed across the Internet	ENHANCING LEARNING WITH ONLINE RESOURCES, SOCIAL NETWORKING, AND DIGITAL LIBRARIES	ACS Symposium Series		English	Article; Book Chapter							ACCESS CHEMISTRY DATABASES	Accessing information about chemicals distributed across the Internet is, in many ways, too easy. Chemists simply type in the name of a chemical of interest into a search engine and then wade through the results hoping to find a result matching their query. Such approaches are limited to the whims of text-based matching and it can be very time-consuming to wade through pages of results attempting to segregate the various types of information retrieved. ChemSpider is a free online structure database developed with the intention of aggregating and linking chemical structure based information and data across the Internet. Containing almost 25 million unique chemical entities and linked out to over 300 data sources ChemSpider offers the ability to perform both text and structure-based searches to resource information such as chemical vendors, properties, analytical data, patents, publications and a myriad of other information. While enabling this broad form of searching for chemical data across the Internet ChemSpider has also assumed a key role in allowing the community to expand and improve the online data by providing a platform for community deposition, annotation and curation. As a result the ChemSpider Web site has become a crowdsourcing environment for chemists to expose their own activities to the community and participate in creating the richest single resource for chemistry related information available online and, in keeping with the nature of the Web, for free.	Royal Soc Chem US Off, Wake Forest, NC 27587 USA	Williams, AJ (reprint author), Royal Soc Chem US Off, 904 Tamaras Circle, Wake Forest, NC 27587 USA.	antony.williams@chemspider.com					Anderson C., 2009, FREE FUTURE RADICAL; Baker M, 2006, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V5, P707, DOI 10.1038/nrd2148; Benson DA, 2007, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V35, pD21, DOI 10.1093/nar/gkl986; Berman H. M., 2003, NAT STRUCT BIOL, V12, P980; Bradley J.-C., 2007, NATURE PRECEDINGS; Bradley J.-C., CHEMSPIDER STRUCTURE; Bradley J.-C., CHEM INFORM RETRIEVA; Bradley JC, 2009, J CHEMINFORMATICS, V1, DOI 10.1186/1758-2946-1-9; Chemical Abstracts Service SciFinder, CHEM ABSTR SERV SCIF; [Anonymous], CHEMSPIDER SYNTH PAG; Hettne M. K., 2010, J CHEMINFORMATICS, V2, P3; The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier, IUPAC INT CHEM ID; PubChem: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PUBCHEM NAT CTR BIOT; [Anonymous], 2DNMR SPECTR GAM; WEININGER D, 1988, J CHEM INF COMP SCI, V28, P31, DOI 10.1021/ci00057a005; Williams A. J., CHEMSPIDER PUBCHEM P; Williams A. J., 2007, CHEM INT, V30, P30; Williams A. J., MOBILE CHEM; Williams A. J., BLOG POSTING REGARDI; Williams AJ, 2008, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V13, P495, DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.03.017; Williams AJ, 2008, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V13, P502, DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.03.015; Wishart DS, 2008, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V36, pD901, DOI 10.1093/nar/gkm958; Wishart D. S., NUCL ACIDS RES, V35, pD521; Zhou YY, 2007, J CHEM INF MODEL, V47, P1386, DOI 10.1021/ci700092v	24	2	2	0	1	AMER CHEMICAL SOC	WASHINGTON	1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA	0097-6156		978-0-8412-2600-5	ACS SYM SER	ACS Symp. Ser.		2010	1060						23	39			10.1021/bk-2010-1060	17	Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science	BEP57	WOS:000317631200002		No			2017-07-02	
S	Kienle, HM; Lober, A; Vasiliu, CA; Muller, HA		LehmannGrube, F; Sablatnig, J		Kienle, Holger M.; Lober, Andreas; Vasiliu, Crina A.; Mueller, Hausi A.			Investigating the Concept of Consumers as Producers in Virtual Worlds: Looking through Social, Technical, Economic, and Legal Lenses	FACETS OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS	Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering		English	Proceedings Paper	1st International Conference on Facets of Virtual Environments	JUL 27-29, 2009	Berlin, GERMANY			consumers as producers; prosumer; crowdsourcing; virtual worlds; emergent behavior; architecture		Virtual worlds such as World of Warcraft and Second Life enable consumers as producers, that is users can choose to be passive consumers of content, active producers of content, or both. Consumers as producers poses unique challenges and opportunities for both operators and users of virtual worlds. While the degrees of freedom for user-generated content differ depending on the world, instances of consumers as producers can be found in many virtual worlds. In this paper we characterize consumers as producers with the help of four "lenses"-social, technical, economic, and legal-and use the lenses to discuss implications for operators and users. These lenses provide a complementary analysis of consumers as producers from different angels and shows that an understanding of it requires a holistic approach.	[Kienle, Holger M.; Mueller, Hausi A.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Lober, Andreas] RAe Schulte Riesenkampff, Frankfurt, Germany; [Vasiliu, Crina A.] Univ Victoria MBA Alumni, Victoria, BC, Canada	Kienle, HM (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.	kienle@cs.uvic.ca; alober@schulte-lawyers.de; crina.vasiliu@alumni.uvic.ca; hausi@cs.uvic.ca					Bartle R.A, 2004, NYL SCH L REV, V49, P19; Bartle R.A, 2004, TECHNICAL REPORT; Benkler Yochai, 2006, WEALTH NETWORKS SOCI; Boyd DM, 2007, J COMPUT-MEDIAT COMM, V13, P210, DOI 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x; Burri-Nenova M, 2009, 20091 SWISS NAT CTR; Churchill E.F, 2008, ACM INTERACTIONS, V15, P38; Dougherty C., 2008, VIRTUAL TRADEMARKS; ENISA, 2008, VIRT WORLDS REAL MON; [Anonymous], 2008, PROT CONS NEXT TECH; Grimmelmann J, 2004, NEW YORK LAW SCH LAW, V47, P147; Humphreys S., 2005, MEDIA ARTS LAW REV, V10, P299; Kazman R, 2009, COMMUN ACM, V52, P76, DOI 10.1145/1538788.1538808; Kienle H.M., 2008, 1 INT WORKSH REQ ENG; Kumar S, 2008, COMPUTER, V41, P46, DOI 10.1109/MC.2008.398; KUNKEL RG, 2002, MURDOCH U ELECT J LA, V9; Lastowka F. Gregory, 2004, NEW YORK LAW SCH LAW, V49, P293; Lastowka F.G., 2003, PUBLIC LAW LEGAL THE; Lastowka Greg, 2008, VANDERBILT J ENTERTA, V10, P893; Lederman L, 2007, NEW YORK U LAW REV, V82, P1620; Lehdonvirta V., 2009, ELECT COMMERCE RES, V9; Lessig L, 1999, HARVARD LAW REV, V113, P501, DOI 10.2307/1342331; Ondrejka Cory, 2004, PIECE PLACE MODELING; Ondrejka C., 2004, NYL SCH L REV, V49, P81; Ondrejka C, 2005, AVIATORS MOGULS FASH; Pearce C, 2002, COMPUT GRAPH-UK, V26, P21, DOI 10.1016/S0097-8493(01)00175-3; Pearce C, 2006, THESIS; Pearce C, 2007, SANDBOX SYMPOSIUM 2007: ACM SIGGRAPH VIDEO GAME SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, P65; Reuveni E, 2008, AUTHORSHIP AGE CONDU; Swire P.P, 2008, CONSUMERS PRODUCERS; Symborski C, 2008, COMPUTER, V41, P38, DOI 10.1109/MC.2008.397; Toffler A., 1980, 3 WAVE; White W., 2008, ACM QUEUE, V6, P18	32	1	1	0	3	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES	1867-8211		978-3-642-11742-8	L N INST COMP SCI SO			2010	33						187	+				4	Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications	Computer Science	BBM50	WOS:000307366800015		No			2017-07-02	
S	Sorokin, A; Berenson, D; Srinivasa, SS; Hebert, M			IEEE	Sorokin, Alexander; Berenson, Dmitry; Srinivasa, Siddhartha S.; Hebert, Martial			People Helping Robots Helping People: Crowdsourcing for Grasping Novel Objects	IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010)	IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems		English	Proceedings Paper	IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems	OCT 18-22, 2010	Taipei, TAIWAN					For successful deployment, personal robots must adapt to ever-changing indoor environments. While dealing with novel objects is a largely unsolved challenge in AI, it is easy for people. In this paper we present a framework for robot supervision through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Unlike traditional models of teleoperation, people provide semantic information about the world and subjective judgements. The robot then autonomously utilizes the additional information to enhance its capabilities. The information can be collected on demand in large volumes and at low cost. We demonstrate our approach on the task of grasping unknown objects.	[Sorokin, Alexander] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Berenson, Dmitry; Hebert, Martial] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; [Srinivasa, Siddhartha S.] Intel Labs Pittersburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA	Sorokin, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.	syrnick@gmail.com; dberenso@ri.cmu.edu; siddhartha.srinivasa@intel.com; hebert@ri.cmu.edu					Berenson D., 2008, IEEE RAS INT C HUM R; FURUKAWA Y, 2009, PAMI; Kazhdan M., 2006, SGP 06; KUFFNER, 2000, ICRA; Martinez M., 2010, ICRA ANCH; Snavely N., 2008, IJCV; Snow R., 2008, EMNLP 08; Sorokin A., 2008, 1 INT WORKSH INT VIS; Srinivasa S., 2009, AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS	9	15	15	0	1	IEEE	NEW YORK	345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA	2153-0858		978-1-4244-6675-7	IEEE INT C INT ROBOT			2010							2117	2122		10.1109/IROS.2010.5650464		6	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics	Computer Science; Robotics	BTO97	WOS:000287672004135		No			2017-07-02	
J	Brabham, DC				Brabham, Daren C.			MOVING THE CROWD AT THREADLESS Motivations for participation in a crowdsourcing application	INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY			English	Article						crowdsourcing; motivations; instant messaging interviews; online community; addiction	OPEN-SOURCE PROJECTS; SOFTWARE	Crowdsourcing is an online, distributed problem-solving and production model already in use by businesses such as Threadless. com, iStockphoto. com, and InnoCentive.com. This model, which harnesses the collective intelligence of a crowd of Web users through an open-call format, has the potential for government and non-profit applications. Yet, in order to explore new applications for the crowdsourcing model, there must be a better understanding of why crowds participate in crowdsourcing processes. Based on 17 interviews conducted via instant messenger with members of the crowd at Threadless, the present study adds qualitatively rich data on a new crowdsourcing case to an existing body of quantitative data on motivations for participation in crowdsourcing. Four primary motivators for participation at Threadless emerge from these interview data: the opportunity to make money, the opportunity to develop one's creative skills, the potential to take up freelance work, and the love of community at Threadless. A fifth theme is also discussed that addresses the language of 'addiction' used by the interviewees to describe their activity on the site. Understanding this kind of 'addiction' in an online community is perhaps the most important finding for future public crowdsourcing ventures. This study develops a more complete - though ongoing - composite of what motivates the crowd to participate in crowdsourcing applications generally, information crucial to adapt the crowdsourcing model to new forms of problem-solving.	Univ N Carolina, Sch Journalism & Mass Commun, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA	Brabham, DC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Journalism & Mass Commun, Carroll Hall,CB 3365, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.	daren.brabham@gmail.com					BLUMLER JG, 1979, COMMUN RES, V6, P9, DOI 10.1177/009365027900600102; Bonaccorsi A, 2003, RES POLICY, V32, P1243, DOI 10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00051-9; Bonaccorsi A., 2004, 1 MONDAY, V9; Brabham D., 2009, FLOW CRITICAL FORUM, V9; BRABHAM DC, 2007, CROWDSOURCING T 0308; Brabham DC, 2008, CONVERGENCE-US, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; Brabham D.C., 2008, 1 MONDAY, V13; Brito J., 2008, COLUMBIA SCI TECHNOL, V9, P119; COAR K, 2006, OPEN SOURCE INI 0707; Fletcher A, 2006, THESIS NOTTINGHAM TR; Fritz S, 2009, REMOTE SENS-BASEL, V1, P345, DOI 10.3390/rs1030345; Ghosh R.A., 1998, 1 MONDAY, V3; Ghosh R. A., 2005, PERSPECTIVES FREE OP, P23; Guest G, 2006, FIELD METHOD, V18, P59, DOI 10.1177/1525822X05279903; Haklay M, 2008, IEEE PERVAS COMPUT, V7, P12, DOI 10.1109/MPRV.2008.80; Hars A, 2002, INT J ELECTRON COMM, V6, P25; Hertel G, 2003, RES POLICY, V32, P1159, DOI 10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00047-7; Howe J., 2006, CROWDSOURCING T 0615; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED, V14; Jonassen D., 2003, LEARNING SOLVE PROBL; KATZ E, 1973, AM SOCIOL REV, V38, P164, DOI 10.2307/2094393; Katz Elihu, 1974, USE MASS COMMUNICATI; Kaye BK, 1999, SOC SCI COMPUT REV, V17, P323; Kazmer Michelle M, 2008, Information Communication & Society, V11, P257, DOI 10.1080/13691180801946333; Lakhani K.R., 2007, 07050 HARV BUS SCH; Lancashire D, 2001, 1 MONDAY, V6; Levy P., 1997, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGE; LIETSALA K, 2007, MINDTREK 2007 C P; Lindlof T., 2002, QUALITATIVE COMMUNIC; MACK S, 2006, CROWDSOURCING T 1114; Miles MB, 1994, QUALITATIVE DATA ANA; Muniz AM, 2001, J CONSUM RES, V27, P412; Noveck B. S., 2006, HARV J L TECH, V20, P123; Page SE, 2007, DIFFERENCE: HOW THE POWER OF DIVERSITY CREATES BETTER GROUPS, FIRMS, SCHOOLS, AND SOCIETIES, P1; Ruggiero T. E., 2000, MASS COMMUNICATION S, V3, P3, DOI DOI 10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02; Schillewaert N, 1998, J MARKET RES SOC, V40, P307; Suler J, 2004, CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV, V7, P321, DOI 10.1089/1094931041291295; Suler J R, 1999, Cyberpsychol Behav, V2, P385, DOI 10.1089/cpb.1999.2.385; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Swoboda WJ, 1997, SOC SCI COMPUT REV, V15, P242, DOI 10.1177/089443939701500302; Terranova T., 2004, NETWORK CULTURE POLI; Terwiesch C, 2008, MANAGE SCI, V54, P1529, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.1080.0884; Toffler A, 1980, 3 WAVE CLASSIC STUDY; Whang LSM, 2003, CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV, V6, P143, DOI 10.1089/109493103321640338; Wright Kevin B., 2005, J COMPUTER MEDIATED, V10	46	97	98	20	124	ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD	ABINGDON	4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND	1369-118X			INFORM COMMUN SOC	Info. Commun. Soc.		2010	13	8					1122	1145		10.1080/13691181003624090		24	Communication; Sociology	Communication; Sociology	743AF	WOS:000288986400003		No			2017-07-02	
J	Goodchild, MF; Glennon, JA				Goodchild, Michael F.; Glennon, J. Alan			Crowdsourcing geographic information for disaster response: a research frontier	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH			English	Article						emergency management; volunteered geographic information; crowdsourcing; Web 2; 0; neogeography; wildfire; Santa Barbara		Geographic data and tools are essential in all aspects of emergency management: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Geographic information created by amateur citizens, often known as volunteered geographic information, has recently provided an interesting alternative to traditional authoritative information from mapping agencies and corporations, and several recent papers have provided the beginnings of a literature on the more fundamental issues raised by this new source. Data quality is a major concern, since volunteered information is asserted and carries none of the assurances that lead to trust in officially created data. During emergencies time is the essence, and the risks associated with volunteered information are often outweighed by the benefits of its use. An example is discussed using the four wildfires that impacted the Santa Barbara area in 2007-2009, and lessons are drawn.	[Goodchild, Michael F.; Glennon, J. Alan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spatial Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA	Goodchild, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spatial Studies, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.	good@geog.ucsb.edu			US National Science Foundation; US Army Research Office	This work is supported by grants from the US National Science Foundation and the US Army Research Office.	Giles J, 2005, NATURE, V438, P900, DOI 10.1038/438900a; Goodchild Michael, 2009, Journal of Location Based Services, V3, P82, DOI 10.1080/17489720902950374; Goodchild MF, 2008, INT J GEOGR INF SCI, V22, P1039, DOI 10.1080/13658810701850497; Goodchild M. F., 1989, ACCURACY SPATIAL DAT; Goodchild MF, 2007, GEOJOURNAL, V69, P211, DOI 10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y; Goodman TT, 2007, INT J NANOMED, V2, P265; Guptill S. C., 1995, ELEMENTS SPATIAL DAT; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; National Research Council, 2007, SUCC RESP STARTS MAP; Scharl A., 2007, GEOSPATIAL WEB GEOBR; Sui DZ, 2004, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V94, P269, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09402003.x; Turner A., 2006, INTRO NEOGEOGRAPHY; Zhang J., 2002, UNCERTAINTY GEOGRAPH	13	224	236	14	138	TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD	ABINGDON	4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND	1753-8947			INT J DIGIT EARTH	Int. J. Digit. Earth		2010	3	3					231	241	PII 925996051	10.1080/17538941003759255		11	Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing	Physical Geography; Remote Sensing	641XK	WOS:000281165700003		No	Y	N	2017-07-02	
S	Vukovic, M; Bartolini, C		Margaria, T; Steffen, B		Vukovic, Maja; Bartolini, Claudio			Towards a Research Agenda for Enterprise Crowdsourcing	LEVERAGING APPLICATIONS OF FORMAL METHODS, VERIFICATION, AND VALIDATION, PT I	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	4th International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation	OCT 18-21, 2010	Heraklion, GREECE	European Assoc Software Sci & Technol, TU Dortmund, Univ Potsdam		crowdsourcing; business process modeling		Over the past few years the crowdsourcing paradigm has evolved from its humble beginnings as isolated purpose-built initiatives, such as Wikipedia and Elance and Mechanical Turk to a growth industry employing over 2 million knowledge workers, contributing over half a billion dollars to the digital economy. Web 2.0 provides the technological foundations upon which the crowdsourcing paradigm evolves and operates, enabling networked experts to work collaboratively to complete a specific task. Enterprise crowdsourcing poses interesting challenges for both academic and industrial research along the social, legal, and technological dimensions. In this paper we describe the challenges that researchers and practitioners face when thinking about various aspects of enterprise crowdsourcing. First, to establish technological foundations, what are the interaction models and protocols between the Enterprise and the crowd. Secondly, how is crowdsourcing going to face the challenges in quality assurance, enabling Enterprises to optimally leverage the scalable workforce. Thirdly, what are the novel (Web) applications enabled by Enterprise crowdsourcing.	[Vukovic, Maja] IBM TJ Watson Res, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA; [Bartolini, Claudio] HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA USA	Vukovic, M (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA.	maja@us.ibm.com; claudio.bartolini@hp.com					Archak N., 2009, P 30 INT C INF SYST; Brabahan D., 2008, INT J RES NEW MEDIA, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; CARPENTER H, 2009, 4 MODELS COMPETITIVE; CHEN K, 2010, NETWORK MAGAZINE GLO; CHEN KY, 2005, INFORM SYSTEMS FRONT, V5, P47; JEPPESEN L, ORG SCI IN PRESS, V20; KARNIN E, 2010, P 1 ENT CROWDS WORKS; KERN R, 2010, P 1 ENT CROWDS WORKS; KITTUR A, 2008, LNCS, V5236; LAKHANI K, 2004, MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT, V50; Cisternino A, 2010, P 1 ENT CROWDS WORKS; LOPEZ M, 2010, INT C SERV COMP MIAM; OLIVIERA F, 2010, P 1 ENT CROWDS WORKS; SHENG V, 2008, P 14 INT C KNOWL DIS; Snow R., 2008, EMNLP 2008; Sorokin Alexander, 2008, P C COMP VIS PATT RE; Stewart O., 2010, P ACM SIGKDD WORKSH, P30, DOI 10.1145/1837885.1837895; Surowiecki J, 2005, WISDOM CROWDS; VONLAW A, 2009, P ACM C HUM FACT COM, P1197; VUKOVIC M, 2009, 1 INT WORKSH SOA GLO; VUKOVIC M, 2010, CURRENT TRENDS WEB E; VUKOVIC M, 2009, 7 IEEE INT C WEB SER	22	14	14	2	8	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16557-3	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6415						425	+		10.1007/978-3-642-16558-0_36		3	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUJ14	WOS:000289493100036		No			2017-07-02	
J	Rosenthal, S; Lipovsky, WJ; McKeown, K; Thadani, K; Andreas, J		Calzolari, N; Choukri, K; Maegaard, B; Mariani, J; Odijk, J; Piperidis, S; Rosner, M; Tapias, D		Rosenthal, Sara; Lipovsky, William J.; McKeown, Kathleen; Thadani, Kapil; Andreas, Jacob			Towards Semi-Automated Annotation for Prepositional Phrase Attachment	LREC 2010 - SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION			English	Proceedings Paper	7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)	MAY 17-23, 2010	Valletta, MALTA	CELI Language & Informat Technol, European Media Lab GmBH, Quaero, META				This paper investigates whether high-quality annotations for tasks involving semantic disambiguation can be obtained without a major investment in time or expense. We examine the use of untrained human volunteers from Amazons Mechanical Turk in disambiguating prepositional phrase (PP) attachment over sentences drawn from the Wall Street Journal corpus. Our goal is to compare the performance of these crowdsourced judgments to the annotations supplied by trained linguists for the Penn Treebank project in order to indicate the viability of this approach for annotation projects that involve contextual disambiguation. The results of our experiments on a sample of the Wall Street Journal corpus show that invoking majority agreement between multiple human workers can yield PP attachments with fairly high precision. This confirms that a crowdsourcing approach to syntactic annotation holds promise for the generation of training corpora in new domains and genres where high-quality annotations are not available and difficult to obtain.	[Rosenthal, Sara; Lipovsky, William J.; McKeown, Kathleen; Thadani, Kapil; Andreas, Jacob] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA	Rosenthal, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.	sara@cs.columbia.edu; wjl2107@columbia.edu; kathy@cs.columbia.edu; kapil@cs.columbia.edu; jda2129@columbia.edu					Agirre E., 2008, P ACL 08 HLT COL OH, P317; Atterer M, 2007, COMPUT LINGUIST, V33, P469, DOI 10.1162/coli.2007.33.4.469; Brill E, 1995, COMPUT LINGUIST, V21, P543; Charniak E., 2000, P 1 C N AM CHAPT ASS, P132; COLLINS M, 2003, COMPUTATIONAL LINGUI, V29, P29; Gruhl D., 2004, WWW 04, P491; HONG LJ, 2009, SIGIR 09, P171; Leshed G., 2006, CHI 06 HUM FACT COMP, P1019, DOI 10.1145/1125451.1125646; Meyers A., 2004, P HLT NAACL 2004 WOR, P24; Marcus Mitchell P., 1993, COMPUTATIONAL LINGUI, V19, P313; Palmer M, 2005, COMPUT LINGUIST, V31, P71, DOI 10.1162/0891201053630264; Pradhan S, 2009, LAW DEV GLOB, P11, DOI 10.3115/1620950.1620956; Ratnaparkhi A., 1994, P ARPA HUM LANG TECH, P250, DOI 10.3115/1075812.1075868; SANG E. F. TJONG KIM, 2000, P CONLL 2000 LLL 200, P127; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN, P254, DOI 10.3115/1613715.1613751; Stetina J., 1997, P 5 WORKSH VER LARG, P66; Yeh Alexander S., 1998, P COLING ACL 98, P1436; Zavrel Jakub, 1997, P WORKSH COMP NAT LA, P136	18	0	0	0	0	EUROPEAN LANGUAGE RESOURCES ASSOC-ELRA	PARIS	55-57, RUE BRILLAT-SAVARIN, PARIS, 75013, FRANCE			978-2-9517408-6-0				2010							2486	2490				5	Language & Linguistics	Linguistics	BC9TU	WOS:000356879507044		No			2017-07-02	
S	Velacso, M; Jukic, N		Zavoral, F; Yaghob, J; Pichappan, P; ElQawasmeh, E		Velacso, Miguel; Jukic, Nenad			A Framework for In-House Prediction Markets	NETWORKED DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, PT 1	Communications in Computer and Information Science		English	Proceedings Paper	2nd International Conference on Networked Digital Technologies	JUL 07-09, 2010	Charles Univ, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC	Springer	Charles Univ	Prediction Markets; Organizational Information; Decision Support; Crowdsourcing		In-house prediction markets are a new method for collecting and aggregating information dispersed throughout an organization. This method is capable of accessing and aggregating certain organizational information that has previously not been attainable via traditional methods such as surveys, polls, group meetings, or suggestion boxes. Such information is often of great tactical and/or strategic value. Existing in-house prediction markets, which are either opened to all members of the organization or to pre-selected groups of experts within the organization, base participant's power to influence the market strictly on the amount of their assets (usually in mock currency). We propose a more nuanced design approach that considers additional factors for determining the participant's influence on the market over the long term. The goal of this design approach is to improve the accuracy and decision-support viability of in-house prediction markets.	[Velacso, Miguel] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, 321 19th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Jukic, Nenad] Loyola Univ, Sch Business Adm, Chicago, IL 60611 USA	Velacso, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, 321 19th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.	vela0077@umn.edu; njukic@luc.edu					Berg JE, 2003, INFORM SYST FRONT, V5, P79, DOI 10.1023/A:1022002107255; Chen Y, 2005, P 6 ACM C EL COMM, P58, DOI 10.1145/1064009.1064016; Cowgill B, 2008, USING PREDICTION MAR; Dye R., 2008, MCKINSEY Q, P83; Gruca T. S., 2005, Electronic Markets, V15, P13, DOI 10.1080/10196780500034939; HOPMAN JW, 2007, INTEL TECHNOLOGY J, V11; LaComb CA, 2007, INFORM SYST FRONT, V9, P245, DOI 10.1007/s10796-007-9024-9; RHODE P, 2004, J EC PERSPECTIVES, V18; SERVANSCHREIBER W, 2004, ELECT MARKETS, V14; Sunstein Cass R, 2006, INFOTOPIA MANY MINDS; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; SUROWIECKI J, 2006, NEW YORKER      0925; Wolfers J, 2004, J ECON PERSPECT, V18, P107, DOI 10.1257/0895330041371321	13	0	0	0	2	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	1865-0929		978-3-642-14291-8	COMM COM INF SC			2010	87		1				120	+				2	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUI42	WOS:000289452700013		No			2017-07-02	
J	Prochazka, L		Toth, M		Prochazka, Lukas			CROWDSOURCING - CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMERCIAL EXPLOITATION	PODNIKANIE A KONKURENCIESCHOPNOST' FIRIEM 2010			Slovak	Proceedings Paper	International Conference on Business and Competitiveness of Companies	MAY 20, 2010	Bratislava, SLOVAKIA	Univ Econ, Fac Business Management		Crowdsourcing; community; wikipedia; business model		The article is focused on crowdsourcing and opportunities of its commercial exploitation. It analyzes the main charasterisicts of crowdsourcing as well as the motivation of participants in various crowdsourcing projects. It shows advantages a company can exploit while implementing crowdsourcing in its commercial strategy. Possible obstacles of crowdsourcing are also described.	Vysoka Skola Ekon, Fak Podnikohospodarska, Katedra Managementu, Prague 13067 3, Czech Republic	Prochazka, L (reprint author), Vysoka Skola Ekon, Fak Podnikohospodarska, Katedra Managementu, Nam W Churchilla 4, Prague 13067 3, Czech Republic.	lukas.prochazka@gmail.com					AFFUAH A., 2009, STRATEGIC INNOVATION; BBC, TERMS US; Broughton John, 2008, WIKIPEDIA MISSING MA; CIFS, 2009, 3 CIFS; Hafner K, 2007, NY TIMES; Lerner J., 2000, SIMPLE EC OPEN SOURC; NETFLIX, 2010, LEAD; Osterwalder A., 2009, BUSINESS MODEL GENER; OSTERWALDER A., 2009, CHALLENGES INNOVATIO; PIJL VAN DER P., 2009, BUSINESS MODEL KNOWL; Woods D., 2009, MYTH CROWDSOURCING; ZACHTE E., 2010, WIK STAT	12	0	0	0	1	VYDAVATELSTVO EKONOM	BRATISLAVA	DOLNOZENSKA CESTA 1-B, BRATISLAVA, 852 35, SLOVAKIA			978-80-225-2978-5				2010							344	350				7	Business; Management	Business & Economics	BC1UX	WOS:000350441000051		No			2017-07-02	
J	Wright, T; Watson, S; Castrataro, D		Tome, E		Wright, Tim; Watson, Stuart; Castrataro, Daniela			To Tweet or not to Tweet, that is the Question - Social Media as a Missed Opportunity for Knowledge Management	PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2			English	Proceedings Paper	11th European Conference on Knowledge Management	SEP 02-03, 2010	Univ Lusiada Vila Nova Famalicao, Famalicao, PORTUGAL		Univ Lusiada Vila Nova Famalicao	Social Media; Social Networking; Knowledge Management; Strategic Decision Making; Crowdsourcing; Co-creation; Innovation; Web 2.0		As individuals and as social agents, many have embraced Social Media (SM), the benefits of which are self-apparent and are taken for granted within the context of this paper. Evidence would suggest that the penetration and demographic spread of the adoption of SM continues to grow rapidly within our daily life, not only on a personal level, but also in the workplace. However, there is a lack of research relating to SM and its application within specific business areas. Firstly, this paper intends to focus on the utilisation of SM to foster Knowledge Management (KM) potential within organisations. Anecdotally, an important concern of decision makers is the reputational risk and threat to traditional models of Intellectual Property management posed by the use of SM in the workplace. In addition, there is a perception that the business use of social networking websites is "time wasting" and not cost-effective, considering the perceived resource requirements to manage and successfully exploit the phenomenon of SM. However, within organisations, there are a range of stakeholders that could potentially play an important role in influencing decision makers' views in terms of limiting the risk and gaining the business opportunities which SM offers. The authors believe that SM can offer tremendous benefits and opportunities for knowledge-aware management, including new knowledge creation, fresh approaches to Intellectual Property generation and innovation, and the development of valuable and deep insights into client and customer perception. Each of the aforementioned opportunities may result in commercial benefits and advantages. But, in the absence of clear and compelling models for the application and exploitation of SM, the uptake of these tools could remain patchy, and the potential for KM practitioners to influence decision makers, regarding focusing on the positive side of the risk/opportunity equation, will be challenging. Secondly, the result of this paper is to improve the understanding of businesses perception and adoption of SM and the role of KM in that. The authors devised a survey that sought to capture the scope and nature of the use of SM in a business context, the application areas of work to which it is being applied, the key champions for the use of SM and the key constraints and guidance on its use. In particular, the authors aimed to gain insight into an organisation's perspectives regarding the opportunities and threats offered by SM for the generation of Intellectual Assets and especially of new knowledge. The intent was to gain an "as is" view and identify commonalities that have resulted in a positive perception of SM. The paper presents the findings of this survey, identifying the key applications of SM, where it is implemented and utilised, the prevailing attitudes and the key influencer for decision makers. In addition, the results specifically intend to demonstrate the active or passive role of the KM community in the wider business application of SM, highlighting areas where the authors believe opportunity exists for KM practitioners to influence decisions through a more extensive use of SM.								*AIIM, 2010, AIIM FIND CONTR OPT; DYSART J, 2008, INFORM TODAY MEDFORD, V25, P32; EMERALD PUBLISHING, 2009, STRATEGIC DIRECTION, V25, P20; Firestone J. M., 2009, INSIDE KNOWLEDGE, V12; GOAD R, 2009, HITWISE INTELLIGENCE; *IBM, 2007, GETT SOC SOFTW TAK E; *INT, 2009, DEV ENT SOC COMP STR; *JOURN CO UK, 2010, SURV SMALL BUS DONT; Kaplan AM, 2010, BUS HORIZONS, V53, P59, DOI 10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003; Levy M, 2009, J KNOWL MANAG, V13, P120, DOI 10.1108/13673270910931215; Li C., 2008, GROUNDSWELL WINNING; MANCINI J, 2010, 30 USE TWITTER BUSIN; MCNAIRN I, 2009, USING SOCIAL SOFTWAR; Social Media Today, 2010, SOCIAL MEDIA TODAY; TAPSCOT D, 2007, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; *UK IPO, 2009, IP HEALTHCH SER CONF	16	0	0	3	12	ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD	NR READING	CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND			978-1-906638-70-2				2010							1106	1112				7	Business; Information Science & Library Science	Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science	BSE10	WOS:000284261400121		No			2017-07-02	
J	Schacht, S; Madche, A		Tome, E		Schacht, Silvia; Maedche, Alexander			Building Retired Employee Enterprise Communities	PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2			English	Proceedings Paper	11th European Conference on Knowledge Management	SEP 02-03, 2010	Univ Lusiada Vila Nova Famalicao, Famalicao, PORTUGAL		Univ Lusiada Vila Nova Famalicao	social networks; crowdsourcing; retired employees	INNOVATION; ALUMNI; MODEL	The demographic change resulting in an aging population presents a major challenge to societies and companies in each developed country around the world. Due to a low average fertility rate of 1.5 births per women each generation is smaller than its previous one. On the other hand, increased life expectancy results in an aging society. Therefore, the population is not only shrinking but also aging, which has direct influence on the composition of companies' workforce. Companies are confronted with the loss of resources and knowledge base due to the increasing number of retiring employees. In our ongoing research work, we address this problem and focus on leveraging the competencies, skills and resources of retired employees. We adapt existing social media and Web 2.0 functionalities such as social networking and crowdsourcing to the needs of retired people and provide the prototype software platform EMPOWER that builds on top of established enterprise software, specifically human resource management systems. The approach pursued with EMPOWER can be roughly split into the following three major steps. Firstly, we provide means to manage basic profile data of pensioners. Today, most companies maintain the master data of their employees in HR systems. After retirement, the data of pensioners has to be extracted from the human resource information system (HRIS), formatted and provided that the retiree can maintain its profile in an external self-service. Therefore, legal and security aspects have to be considered. Secondly, we facilitate the establishment of social alumni networks, which can generate benefits for both parties: On the one hand former employees can be connected to their ex-colleagues and the company. In addition, if alumni networks are supported with modern social media tools, there also remains the possibility of forming special forums of interest among the participants, which allows the alumni to broaden their horizon in a specialist area. On the other hand - from the perspective of the company - through such networks alumni remain a potential supplier of knowledge and innovation. Their expertise, ideas and suggestions of improvements on alumni network forums may provide valuable input for the development, manufacturing as well as sales & marketing of the company's products. Thirdly, it is reasonable to us to provide a private enterprise crowdsourcing platform on top. This facilitates participants not only to communicate with each other via forums, but also to undertake tasks which are assigned by the company for some kind of benefits. Especially, on such platforms companies can outsource tasks to the retired employee community, where participants can provide information on their interests and competence. Anyone of the retirees in the community who is interested in completing a task for the company can register with the platform and submit a solution.	[Schacht, Silvia; Maedche, Alexander] Univ Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany		schacht@eris.uni-mannheim.de; maedche@eris.uni-mannheim.de					Bagozzi R. 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L, 2009, SOCIAL MEDIA WORK NE; KIRSNER S, 2002, DARWIN, V2, P20; MAEL F, 1992, J ORGAN BEHAV, V13, P103, DOI 10.1002/job.4030130202; MILER O, 2006, CHIEF LEARNING OFFIC, V5, P28; Parise S, 2006, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V47, P31; SERTOGLU C, 2002, HARVARD BUSINESS REV; Terwiesch C, 2008, MANAGE SCI, V54, P1529, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.1080.0884; von Hippel E, 2006, R&D MANAGE, V36, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00435.x; Whitla P., 2009, CONT MANAGEMENT RES, V5, P15; *XING, 2006, CORP AL NETW LEV INT	22	0	0	2	7	ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD	NR READING	CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND			978-1-906638-70-2				2010							1234	1237				4	Business; Information Science & Library Science	Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science	BSE10	WOS:000284261400136		No			2017-07-02	
J	Ju, DH; Shen, BJ		Kakouris, A		Ju, Dehua; Shen, Beijun			Innovation Platform Design Through Knowledge Services	PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP			English	Proceedings Paper	5th European Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation	SEP, 2010	Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE		Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens	knowledge service; open innovation; wisdom of crowds; CoP/CoI; body of knowledge (BOK)		Consummating innovation service platforms to foster innovative enterprises and talents has been listed as a main task in China's Technological Innovation Project. A novel solution is proposed in this paper, based on a knowledge service approach to support knowledge-base innovation. Knowledge services provide an ICT-enabled open accessible environment for on-demand knowledge acquisition. The BOKs-based rich knowledge resources repository supports one-stop service for innovation across multiple domains. Innovation knowledge services are also provided as an innovative guide and tools for knowledge workers, innovation champions and CxOs being involved in innovation activities, including innovation management, innovation methods, entrepreneurship, new product development etc. Innovation services are required to cover all level of DIKW framework (Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom) to avoid loss anything in lower level. Besides the resource layer, a networking layer is provided for building CoPs and CoIs for collaborative learning and innovation. It is an open innovation platform in which solution seekers can post their issue to find wisdom of crowds and the system provides online assistance for solvers and ideas searching. Then a collaborative innovation network can be formed dependent on attributes of the problem issue. It can either be a volunteer-based community just motivated with a common interest, or a bidding-based knowledge marketplace for crowdsourcing. Knowledge services are looked as a principle infrastructure to promote intellectual capital and continuous innovation in knowledge economy. A pilot development project is underway and has made significant progress. At Shanghai we have collected and developed a set of BOKs in innovation, software engineering, IT, and modern services domains, including New Product Development BOK, CTO BOK and CIO certificate program etc.			asti-gm@online.sh.cn; bjshen@sjtu.edu.cn					Anand N, 2007, ACAD MANAGE J, V50, P406; Chesbrough H. W., 2003, OPEN INNOVATION NEW; Christensen C., 1997, INNOVATORS DILEMMA; Lichtenthaler U, 2009, R&D MANAGE, V39, P317, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00561.x; *SIPO, 2009, GEN IMPL PLAN STAT T	5	0	0	1	12	ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD	NR READING	CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND			978-1-906638-74-0				2010							749	751				3	Business; Management; Operations Research & Management Science	Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science	BSE13	WOS:000284262500089		No			2017-07-02	
J	Hester, V; Shaw, A; Biewald, L			ACM	Hester, Vaughn; Shaw, Aaron; Biewald, Lukas			Scalable crisis relief: Crowdsourced SMS translation and categorization with Mission 4636	PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST ACM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTING FOR DEVELOPMENT (ACM DEV 2010)			English	Proceedings Paper	1st ACM Annual Symposium on Computing for Development (ACM DEV)	DEC 17-18, 2010	Univ London, London, ENGLAND	ACM	Univ London	Human Computation; Crowdsourcing; Crisis Response; Geolocation; Translation; Haiti; ICTD; Development		Crowdsourced crisis response harnesses distributed networks of humans in combination with information and communication technology (ICT) to create scalable, flexible and rapid communication systems that promote well-being, survival, and recovery during the acute phase of an emergency. In this paper, we analyze a recent experience in which CrowdFlower conducted crowdsourced translation, categorization and geo-tagging for SMS-based reporting as part of Mission 4636 after a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti on January 12, 2010. We discuss CrowdFlower's approach to this task, lessons learned from the experience, and opportunities to generalize the techniques and technologies involved for other ICT for development (ICTD) applications. We find that CrowdFlower's most significant contribution to Mission 4636 and to the broader field of crowdsourced crisis relief lies in the flexible, scalable nature of the pool of earthquake survivors, volunteers, workers, and machines that the organization engaged during the emergency response efforts.	[Hester, Vaughn; Biewald, Lukas] CrowdFlower, 455 Valencia St, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA; [Shaw, Aaron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Sociol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	Hester, V (reprint author), CrowdFlower, 455 Valencia St, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA.	vaughn@crowdflower.com; adshaw@berkeley.edu; lukas@crowdflower.com			CrowdFlower [4636]	The authors are grateful for the support and collaboration of everyone at CrowdFlower and the participating organizations in Mission 4636. We especially thank Anisha Sekar and Diyang Tang (CrowdFlower interns) for their invaluable assistance with the preparation of this manuscript.	Banks K., 2007, SAUTI STANFORD J SPR, P1; Benkler Yochai, 2006, WEALTH NETWORKS SOCI; BREWER E, 2005, IEEE COMPUT, V38, P25; Burrell J., 2009, INFORM TECHNOLOGIES, V5; Chandler D., 2010, BREAKING MONOT UNPUB; Chen D. L., 2009, WORKING PAPER; Dunn H., 2009, INFORM TECHNOLOGIES, V5; Eagle N, 2009, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V5623, P447, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02767-3_50; Goldstein J., 2008, BERKMAN CTR INTERNET; Goodchild M. F., 2010, INT J DIGITAL EARTH; Grier D.A, 2005, COMPUTERS WERE HUMAN; Hester V., CROWDFLOWER IMPACTS; Hopkins DJ, 2010, AM J POLIT SCI, V54, P229; Horst H, 2006, CELL PHONE ANTHR COM; Horton J., 2010, P ACM C EL IN PRESS; Horton J. J., 2010, SSRN ELIBRARY; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Kittur A., 2008, P COMP HUM INT CHI 2; Law E., 2003, INT C MUS INF RETR, P361; Maitland C. F., 2006, INFORM COMMUNICATION; Munro R., NUTS BOLTS 4636 HAIT; Panchard J., 2006, INFORM COMMUNICATION; Ramanathan N., 2006, INFORM COMMUNICATION; Sheng V. S., 2008, KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN; von Ahn L., 2006, IEEE COMPUT MAG, V39, P96, DOI DOI 10.1109/MC.2006.196; von Ahn L, 2004, P SIGCHI C HUM FACT, P319, DOI [DOI 10.1145/985692.985733, DOI 10.1145/985692.985733.ISBN]; Zittrain J, 2008, PHILOS T R SOC A, V366, P3813, DOI 10.1098/rsta.2008.0116	28	0	0	0	0	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-4503-0473-3				2010												7	Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Computer Science; Engineering	BH0OO	WOS:000395770400015		No			2017-07-02	
J	Chen, S; Zhang, JW; Chen, GY; Zhang, CS			AAAI	Chen, Shuo; Zhang, Jianwen; Chen, Guangyun; Zhang, Changshui			What if the Irresponsible Teachers Are Dominating? A Method of Training on Samples and Clustering on Teachers	PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH AAAI CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-10)			English	Proceedings Paper	24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)	JUL 11-15, 2010	Atlanta, GA	Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence				As the Internet-based crowdsourcing services become more and more popular, learning from multiple teachers or sources has received more attention of the researchers in the machine learning area. In this setting, the learning system is dealing with samples and labels provided by multiple teachers, who in common cases, are non-expert. Their labeling styles and behaviors are usually diverse, some of which are even detrimental to the learning system. Thus, simply putting them together and utilizing the algorithms designed for single-teacher scenario would be not only improper, but also damaging. The problem calls for more specific methods. Our work focuses on a case where the teachers are composed of good ones and irresponsible ones. By irresponsible, we mean the teacher who takes the labeling task not seriously and label the sample at random without inspecting the sample itself. This behavior is quite common when the task is not attractive enough and the teacher just wants to finish it as soon as possible. Sometimes, the irresponsible teachers could take a considerable part among all the teachers. If we do not take out their effects, our learning system would be ruined with no doubt. In this paper, we propose a method for picking out the good teachers with promising experimental results. It works even when the irresponsible teachers are dominating in numbers.	[Chen, Shuo; Zhang, Jianwen; Chen, Guangyun; Zhang, Changshui] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Automat, Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol TNList, State Key Lab Intelligent Technol & Syst, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China	Chen, S (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Automat, Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol TNList, State Key Lab Intelligent Technol & Syst, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.	chenshuo07@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; jw-zhang06@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; cgy08@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; zcs@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn			NSFC [60835002, 60721003]	This work is supported by NSFC (Grant No. 60835002 and No. 60721003).	Asuncion A., 2007, UCI MACHINE LEARNING; Breiman L, 1996, MACH LEARN, V24, P123, DOI 10.1023/A:1018054314350; Chapelle O, 2006, SEMISUPERVISED LEARN; Crammer K, 2008, J MACH LEARN RES, V9, P1757; Dekel O., 2009, P 22 COLT; Dekel O., 2009, P 26 ICML; Deng J., 2009, P CVPR, P710; Duda Richard O., 2001, PATTERN CLASSIFICATI; Raykar V., 2009, P 26 ICML; Scholkopf B., 1997, LECT NOTES COMPUTER, V1327, P583, DOI DOI 10.1007/BFB0020217; Sheng V. S., 2008, P 14 ACM SIGKDD INT, P614, DOI DOI 10.1145/1401890.1401965; Smyth P., 1995, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7, P1085; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN, P254, DOI 10.3115/1613715.1613751; Sorokin A., 2008, COMP VIS PATT REC WO; von Luxburg U, 2007, STAT COMPUT, V17, P395, DOI 10.1007/s11222-007-9033-z	15	6	7	0	0	ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE	PALO ALTO	2275 E BAYSHORE RD, STE 160, PALO ALTO, CA 94303 USA			978-1-57735-463-5				2010							419	424				6	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence	Computer Science	BG7ZA	WOS:000392059700068		No			2017-07-02	
J	Schnoebelen, T; Kuperman, V				Schnoebelen, Tyler; Kuperman, Victor			Using Amazon Mechanical Turk for linguistic research	PSIHOLOGIJA			English	Article						crowdsourcing; Amazon Mechanical Turk; web experiments; predictability; semantic similarity	EYE-MOVEMENTS; WORD-FREQUENCY; MODEL; POTENTIALS; LANGUAGE; INTERNET; WEB	Amazon's Mechanical Turk service makes linguistic experimentation quick, easy, and inexpensive. However, researchers have not been certain about its reliability. In a series of experiments, this paper compares data collected via Mechanical Turk to those obtained using more traditional methods One set of experiments measured the predictability of words in sentences using the Cloze sentence completion task (Taylor, 1953). The correlation between traditional and Turk Cloze scores is high (rho=0.823) and both data sets perform similarly against alternative measures of contextual predictability. Five other experiments on the semantic relatedness of verbs and phrasal verbs (how much is "lift" part of "lift up") manipulate the presence of the sentence context and the composition of the experimental list. The results indicate that Turk data correlate well between experiments and with data from traditional methods (rho up to 0.9), and they show high inter-rater consistency and agreement. We conclude that Mechanical Turk is a reliable source of data for complex linguistic tasks in heavy use by psycholinguists. The paper provides suggestions for best practices in data collection and scrubbing.	[Schnoebelen, Tyler] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Kuperman, Victor] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada	Schnoebelen, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	tylers@stanford.edu	Kuperman, Victor/F-3954-2011				BALDWIN T, 2002, P 6 C NAT LANG LEARN, V20, P1, DOI 10.3115/1118853.1118854; BANNARD C, 2002, 200206 LINGO; Birnbaum MH, 2004, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V55, P803, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141601; Bolinger D., 1971, PHRASAL VERB ENGLISH; Boston M. F., 2008, P 46 ANN M ASS COMP, P5, DOI 10.3115/1557690.1557693; BOSTON M, IN PRESS LANGUAGE CO; BOSTON M, 2010, DEPPARSE 2 5; Boston MF, 2008, J EYE MOVEMENT RES, V2; BUCHANAN T, 1998, 28 ANN CONV SOC COMP; Dambacher M, 2006, BRAIN RES, V1084, P89, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.010; Dandurand F, 2008, BEHAV RES METHODS, V40, P428, DOI 10.3758/BRM.40.2.428; Engbert R, 2005, PSYCHOL REV, V112, P777, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.112.4.777; FRASER B, 1974, LANGUAGE, V50, P568, DOI 10.2307/412224; Gibson E, 1998, COGNITION, V68, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(98)00034-1; Gries S. T., 2003, MULTIFACTORIAL ANAL; Hale J., 2001, P NAACL, V2, P159; IPEIROTIS P, 2008, COMP SCI BUSINESS SC; KENNEDY A, 1920, LANG LIT, V1, P1; Kliegl R, 2006, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V135, P12, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12; Kliegl R, 2004, EUR J COGN PSYCHOL, V16, P262, DOI 10.1080/09541440340000213; Krantz J. H., 2000, PSYCHOL EXPT INTERNE, P35, DOI 10.1016/B978-012099980-4/50003-4; LANDIS JR, 1977, BIOMETRICS, V33, P159, DOI 10.2307/2529310; Levy R, 2008, COGNITION, V106, P1126, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.05.006; Lohse B, 2004, LANGUAGE, V80, P238, DOI 10.1353/lan.2004.0089; MCCARTHY D, 2003, P ACL 2003 WORKSH MU, V18, P80; McGraw KO, 2000, PSYCHOL SCI, V11, P502, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.00296; Rayner K, 1996, PSYCHON B REV, V3, P504, DOI 10.3758/BF03214555; Reichle ED, 1998, PSYCHOL REV, V105, P125, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.105.1.125; Reichle ED, 2009, PSYCHON B REV, V16, P1, DOI 10.3758/PBR.16.1.1; Reips UD, 2002, EXP PSYCHOL, V49, P243, DOI 10.1027//1618-3169.49.4.243; Reips U.-D, 2002, ONLINE SOCIAL SCI, P229; Resnik P, 1999, J ARTIF INTELL RES, V11, P95; Roland D, 2007, J MEM LANG, V57, P348, DOI 10.1016/j.jml.2007.03.002; Schilling HEH, 1998, MEM COGNITION, V26, P1270, DOI 10.3758/BF03201199; Senior C, 1999, BEHAV RES METH INS C, V31, P341, DOI 10.3758/BF03207730; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN, P254, DOI 10.3115/1613715.1613751; Taylor WL, 1953, JOURNALISM QUART, V30, P415; Tsuruoka Yoshimasa, 2005, P HLT EMNLP, P467, DOI 10.3115/1220575.1220634; VANPETTEN C, 1990, MEM COGNITION, V18, P380	39	20	21	0	9	ASSOC SERBIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS	BEOGRAD	DUSINA 7-3, BEOGRAD, 11000, SERBIA	0048-5705			PSIHOLOGIJA	Psihologija		2010	43	4					441	464		10.2298/PSI1004441S		24	Psychology, Multidisciplinary	Psychology	703LM	WOS:000285979400006		gold			2017-07-02	
S	Lin, HR; Davis, J		Aroyo, L; Antoniou, G; Hyvonen, E; TenTeije, A; Stuckenschmidt, H; Cabral, L; Tudorache, T		Lin, Huairen; Davis, Joseph			Computational and Crowdsourcing Methods for Extracting Ontological Structure from Folksonomy	SEMANTIC WEB: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	7th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2010)	MAY 30-JUN 03, 2010	Heraklion, GREECE	Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, beinformed, CRC Press, DERI, Elsevier, FORTH, Inst Comp Sci, Franz, IMC Technologies, IOS Press, KMi, NoTube, ONTORULE, Ontotext, Pathfinder, Pascal2, Phaistos Network, Seedka, Semsphere, SOA4ALL, STI, Innsbruck, STI, Int, talis, Yahoo Res				This paper investigates the unification of folksonomies and ontologies in such a way that the resulting structures can better support exploration and search on the World Wide Web. First, an integrated computational method is employed to extract the ontological structures from folksonomies. It exploits the power of low support association rule mining supplemented by an upper ontology such as Word Net. Promising results have been obtained from experiments using tag datasets from Flickr and Citeulike. Next; a crowdsourcing method is introduced to channel online users' search efforts to help evolve the extracted ontology.	[Lin, Huairen; Davis, Joseph] Univ Sydney, Knowledge Discovery & Management Res Grp, Sch IT, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	Lin, HR (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Knowledge Discovery & Management Res Grp, Sch IT, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.	lin@it.usyd.edu.au; jdavis@it.usyd.edu.au					ANGELETON S, 2008, CISWEB, P65; Brabham DC, 2008, CONVERGENCE-US, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; BRAUN S, 2007, ONTOLOGY MATURING CO; Cattuto C, 2008, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V5318, P615, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-88564-1_39; Heymann P, 2006, COLLABORATIVE CREATI; Limpens F, 2009, 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCES ON WEB INTELLIGENCE (WI) AND INTELLIGENT AGENT TECHNOLOGIES (IAT), VOL 1, P132; Lin HR, 2009, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V5554, P654; NIEPERT M, 2009, WORKING CROWD DESIGN; SCHMITZ C, 2006, 10 IFCS C STUD CLASS; SIORPAES K, 2007, 3 INT IFIP WORKSH; von Ahn L, 2008, SCIENCE, V321, P1465, DOI 10.1126/science.1160379; WU H, 2006, 7 C HYP HYP OD DENM; Wu X., 2006, P 15 INT C WORLD WID, P417, DOI DOI 10.1145/1135777.1135839	13	5	5	0	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-13488-3	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6089		II				472	477				6	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BPP55	WOS:000279595500046		No			2017-07-02	
S	Kern, R; Thies, H; Satzger, G		Maglio, PP; Weske, M; Yang, J; Fantinato, M		Kern, Robert; Thies, Hans; Satzger, Gerhard			Statistical Quality Control for Human-Based Electronic Services	SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING - ICSOC 2010, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	8th International Conference on Service Oriented Computing	DEC 07-10, 2010	San Francisco, CA				CONTINUOUS SAMPLING PLANS; CSP-1	Crowdsourcing in form of human-based electronic services (people services) provides a powerful way of outsourcing tasks to a large crowd of remote workers over the Internet. Research has shown that multiple redundant results delivered by different workers can be aggregated in order to achieve a reliable result. However, existing implementations of this approach are rather inefficient as they multiply the effort for task execution and are not able to guarantee a certain quality level. As a, starting point towards an integrated approach for quality management of people services we have developed a quality management model that combines elements of statistical quality control (SQC) with group decision theory. The contributions of the workers are tracked and weighted individually in order to minimize the quality management effort while guaranteing a well-defined level of overall result quality. A quantitative analysis of the approach based on an optical character recognition (OCR) scenario confirms the efficiency and reach of the approach.	[Kern, Robert; Thies, Hans; Satzger, Gerhard] KIT, Karlsruhe Serv Res Inst, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany	Kern, R (reprint author), KIT, Karlsruhe Serv Res Inst, Englerstr 11, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.	robert.kern@kit.edu; hans.thies@gmx.de; gerhard.satzger@kit.edu					BLACKWELL MTR, 1977, TECHNOMETRICS, V19, P259; Dawid A. P., 1979, J ROYAL STAT SOC C, V28, P20, DOI DOI 10.2307/2346806; de Condorcet Marquis, 1785, ESSAI APPL ANAL PROB; Dodge H. F., 1951, IND QUALITY CONTROL, V7, P7; Gosh D. T., 1996, INDIAN J STAT, V58, P105; Gruca T. S., 2005, Electronic Markets, V15, P13, DOI 10.1080/10196780500034939; IPEIROTIS PG, 2010, QUALITY MANAGEMENT A; Juran J.M., 2000, JURANS QUALITY HDB; KERN R, 2010, P 16 AM C I IN PRESS; Kern R, 2009, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V5472, P304; Latif-Shabgahi G, 2004, IEEE T RELIAB, V53, P319, DOI 10.1109/TR.2004.832819; LIEBERMAN GJ, 1955, ANN MATH STAT, V26, P686, DOI 10.1214/aoms/1177728428; Little G., 2009, P ACM SIGKDD WORKSH, P29, DOI 10.1145/1600150.1600159; LITTLESTONE N, 1994, INFORM COMPUT, V108, P212, DOI 10.1006/inco.1994.1009; MCSHANE LM, 1991, TECHNOMETRICS, V33, P393, DOI 10.2307/1269412; Montgomery D. C., 2008, INTRO STAT QUALITY C; Raykar VC, 2010, J MACH LEARN RES, V11, P1297; Revow M, 1996, IEEE T PATTERN ANAL, V18, P592, DOI 10.1109/34.506410; Ross J., 2010, P 28 INT C HUM FACT, P2863, DOI DOI 10.1145/1753846.1753873.ACCESSED; Rowe G, 1999, INT J FORECASTING, V15, P353, DOI 10.1016/S0169-2070(99)00018-7; Snow R., 2008, EMNLP 08, P254; Sorokin A., 2008, COMP VIS PATT REC WO, P1, DOI DOI 10.1109/CVPRW.2008.4562953; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS; Wang RC, 1997, J APPL STAT, V24, P539; Whitehill J, 2009, ADV NEURAL INFORM PR, V22, P2035	25	8	8	0	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-1735708	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6470						243	257				15	Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BTE86	WOS:000286691600017		No			2017-07-02	
S	Vukovic, M; Lopez, M; Laredo, J		Dan, A; Gittler, F; Toumani, F		Vukovic, Maja; Lopez, Mariana; Laredo, Jim			PeopleCloud for the Globally Integrated Enterprise	SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING: ICSOC/SERVICE WAVE 2009 WORKSHOPS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	International Workshops Service-Oriented Computing/Service Wave	NOV 23-27, 2009	Stockholm, SWEDEN			Collaborative intelligence; Crowdsourcing; Globalization		Crowdsourcing has emerged as the new on-line distributed production model in which people collaborate and may be awarded to complete a task. While many existing services enable enterprises to employ the wisdom of crowd, there is no existing practice defined for integration of crowdsourcing with the business processes. We propose PeopleCloud, as the (1) mechanism to enable access to scalable workforce on-line, connecting it to the enterprise and (2) an interface to services required for crowdsourcing tasks. We define requirements for PeopleCloud, based on our experiences in employing wisdom of crowd to source business and IT information within the enterprise.	[Vukovic, Maja; Laredo, Jim] IBM TJ Watson Res, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA; [Lopez, Mariana] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA	Vukovic, M (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA.	maja@us.ibm.com; nanalq@gmail.com; laredoj@us.ibm.com					Argote L., 1999, ORG LEARNING CREATIN; Brabahan D., 2008, INT J RES NEW MEDIA, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; Bartlett Christopher A., 2000, TRANSNATIONAL MANAGE; DiPalantino D., 2009, P 10 ACM C EL COMM E; Don T., 2006, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; Galegher J, 1990, INTELLECTUAL TEAMWOR; GoldCorp Challenge, GOLDCORP CHALLENGE; Howe J., WIRED, V14; Kittur A., 2008, P 26 ANN SIGCHI C HU; Surowiecki J, 2005, WISDOM CROWDS; Vukovic M., 2009, INT WORKSH CLOUD SER	11	4	4	1	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16131-5	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6275						109	+				2	Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BTF33	WOS:000286783200010		No			2017-07-02	
B	Carterette, B; Soboroff, I		Chen, HH; Efthimiadis, EN; Savoy, J; Crestani, F; MarchandMaillet, S		Carterette, Ben; Soboroff, Ian			The Effect of Assessor Errors on IR System Evaluation	SIGIR 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL			English	Proceedings Paper	33rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval	JUL 19-23, 2010	Geneva, SWITZERLAND	Special Interest Grp Informat Retrieval, Assoc Comp Machinery, Baidu, Google, Microsoft Res, Yahoo, Informat Retrieval Fac, IBM Res, FNSNF, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn		assessor error; retrieval test collections		Recent efforts in test collection building have focused on scaling back the number of necessary relevance judgments and then scaling up the number of search topics. Since the largest source of variation in a Cranfield-style experiment comes from the topics, this is a reasonable approach. However, as topic set sizes grow, and researchers look to crowdsourcing and Amazon's Mechanical Turk to collect relevance judgments, we are faced with issues of quality control. This paper examines the robustness of the TREC Million Query track methods when some assessors make significant and systematic errors. We find that while averages are robust, assessor errors can have a large effect on system rankings.	[Carterette, Ben] Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA	Carterette, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.	carteret@cis.udel.edu; ian.soboroff@nist.gov					ALLAN J., 2008, P TREC; Aslam JA, 2006, P 29 ANN INT ACM SIG, P541, DOI 10.1145/1148170.1148263; ASLAM JA, PRACTICAL SAMPLING S; Bailey P., 2008, P 31 ANN INT ACM SIG, P667, DOI DOI 10.1145/1390334.1390447; Carterette B., 2006, P 29 ANN INT ACM SIG, P268, DOI 10.1145/1148170.1148219; Carterette B., 2007, P SIGIR; Carterette B, 2008, P 31 ANN INT ACM SIG, P651, DOI 10.1145/1390334.1390445; Cormack G. V., 1998, Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, P282, DOI 10.1145/290941.291009; Harman D., 1995, NIST SPECIAL PUBLICA, V500, P1; Kinney K. A., 2008, P 17 ACM C INF KNOWL, P591, DOI 10.1145/1458082.1458160; SANDERSON M., 2005, P SIGIR, P186; Soboroff I., 2001, P 24 ANN INT ACM SIG, P66, DOI 10.1145/383952.383961; Voorhees E. M., 1998, Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, P315, DOI 10.1145/290941.291017; Voorhees EM, 2005, TREC EXPT EVALUATION; Voorhees Ellen M., 2002, CLEF 01, P355; Yilmaz E, 2006, P 15 ACM INT C INF K, P102, DOI DOI 10.1145/1183614.1183633; Zobel J., 1998, Proceedings of the 21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, P307, DOI 10.1145/290941.291014	17	14	14	0	0	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-896-4				2010							539	546				8	Computer Science, Information Systems	Computer Science	BTG52	WOS:000286904100070		No			2017-07-02	
B	Potthast, M		Chen, HH; Efthimiadis, EN; Savoy, J; Crestani, F; MarchandMaillet, S		Potthast, Martin			Crowdsourcing a Wikipedia Vandalism Corpus	SIGIR 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL			English	Proceedings Paper	33rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval	JUL 19-23, 2010	Geneva, SWITZERLAND	Special Interest Grp Informat Retrieval, Assoc Comp Machinery, Baidu, Google, Microsoft Res, Yahoo, Informat Retrieval Fac, IBM Res, FNSNF, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn		Wikipedia; Vandalism Detection; Evaluation; Corpus		We report on the construction of the PAN Wikipedia vandalism corpus, PAN-WVC-10, using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. The corpus compiles 32 452 edits on 28 468 Wikipedia articles, among which 2 391 vandalism edits have been identified. 753 human annotators cast a total of 193 022 votes on the edits, so that each edit was reviewed by at least 3 annotators, whereas the achieved level of agreement was analyzed in order to label an edit as "regular" or "vandalism." The corpus is available free of charge.(1)	Bauhaus Univ Weimar, D-99421 Weimar, Germany	Potthast, M (reprint author), Bauhaus Univ Weimar, D-99421 Weimar, Germany.	martin.potthast@uni-weimar.de					ALONSO O, P SIGIR 09; GEIGER RS, P CSCW 10; ITAKURA KY, P SIGIR 09; POTTHAST M, 2007, WEBISWVC07; POTTHAST M, 2008, P ECIR 08; PRIEDHORSKY R, P GROUP 07; SMETS K, P WIKIAL AAAI 08	7	8	8	0	1	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-896-4				2010							789	790				2	Computer Science, Information Systems	Computer Science	BTG52	WOS:000286904100140		No			2017-07-02	
B	Carterette, B; Kanoulas, E; Yilmaz, E		Chen, HH; Efthimiadis, EN; Savoy, J; Crestani, F; MarchandMaillet, S		Carterette, Ben; Kanoulas, Evangelos; Yilmaz, Emine			Low Cost Evaluation in Information Retrieval	SIGIR 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL			English	Proceedings Paper	33rd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval	JUL 19-23, 2010	Geneva, SWITZERLAND	Special Interest Grp Informat Retrieval, Assoc Comp Machinery, Baidu, Google, Microsoft Res, Yahoo, Informat Retrieval Fac, IBM Res, FNSNF, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn		information retrieval; evaluation; test collections		Search corpora are growing larger and larger: over the last 10 years, the IR research community has moved from the several hundred thousand documents on the TREC disks to the tens of millions of U.S. government web pages of GOV2 to the one billion general-interest web pages in the new ClueWeb09 collection. But traditional means of acquiring relevance judgments and evaluating - e.g. pooling documents to calculate average precision - do not seem to scale well to these new large collections. They require substantially more cost in human assessments for the same reliability in evaluation; if the additional cost goes over the assessing budget, errors in evaluation are inevitable. Some alternatives to pooling that support low-cost and reliable evaluation have recently been proposed. A number of them have already been used in TREC and other evaluation forums (TREC Million Query, Legal, Chemical, Web, Relevance Feedback Tracks, CLEF Patent IR, INEX). Evaluation via implicit user feedback (e.g. clicks) and crowdsourcing have also recently gained attention in the community. Thus it is important that the methodologies, the analysis they support, and their strengths and weaknesses are well-understood by the IR community. Furthermore, these approaches can support small research groups attempting to start investigating new tasks on new corpora with relatively low cost. Even groups that do not participate in TREC, CLEF, or other evaluation conferences can benefit from understanding how these methods work, how to use them, and what they mean as they build test collections for tasks they are interested in. The goal of this tutorial is to provide attendees with a comprehensive overview of techniques to perform low cost (in terms of judgment effort) evaluation. A number of topics will be covered, including alternatives to pooling, evaluation measures robust to incomplete judgments, evaluating with no relevance judgments, statistical inference of evaluation metrics, inference of relevance judgments, query selection, techniques to test the reliability of the evaluation and reusability of the constructed collections. The tutorial should be of interest to a wide range of attendees. Those new to the field will come away with a solid understanding of how low cost evaluation methods can be applied to construct inexpensive test collections and evaluate new IR technology, while those with intermediate knowledge will gain deeper insights and further understand the risks and gains of low cost evaluation. Attendees should have a basic knowledge of the traditional evaluation framework (Cranfield) and metrics (such as average precision and nDCG), along with some basic knowledge on probability theory and statistics. More advanced concepts will be explained during the tutorial.	[Carterette, Ben] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA	Carterette, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA.	carteret@cis.udel.edu; e.kanoulas@sheffield.ac.uk; eminey@microsoft.com						0	1	1	0	0	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-896-4				2010							903	903				1	Computer Science, Information Systems	Computer Science	BTG52	WOS:000286904100197		No			2017-07-02	
B	Anderson, E	Anderson, E			Anderson, Eric	Anderson, E		Crowdsourcing and Schelling's Theory of Self-Command	SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: GAME THEORY AND THE EMERGENCE OF COLLABORATION			English	Article; Book Chapter								Coordination games require a degree of self: restraint; marketers face a natural temptation to defect in the interests of short-term gains. Thomas Schelling's concept of self-command provides a potential antidote; a player compels themselves to cooperate by setting conditions that make defection costly or difficult. Successful self-command often involves enlisting a group in the enforcement of norms; brands have done so by opening themselves up to consumer feedback on blogs, but the more dramatic use of self-command occurs in the phenomenon known as crowdsourcing. In crowdsourcing, marketers solicit direct collaboration with consumers in identifying and developing brand assets, customer service features, and even products. Crowdsourcing must operate within certain rules of engagement in order to be succcessful, but it has the potential to be transformative in marketer-consumer relationships.		Anderson, E (reprint author), 3036 NE Ainsworth St, Portland, OR 97211 USA.	eanderson@whitehorse.com; eanderson@whitehorse.com						0	0	0	0	2	SPRINGER	NEW YORK	233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES			978-3-642-13298-8				2010							87	100		10.1007/978-3-642-13299-5_6	10.1007/978-3-642-13299-5	14	Business	Business & Economics	BQJ38	WOS:000281164100006		No			2017-07-02	
S	Memmel, M; Wolpers, M; Condotta, M; Niemann, K; Schirru, R		Wolpers, M; Kirschner, PA; Scheffel, M; Lindstaedt, S; Dimitrova, V		Memmel, Martin; Wolpers, Martin; Condotta, Massimiliano; Niemann, Katja; Schirru, Rafael			Introducing a Social Backbone to Support Access to Digital Resources	SUSTAINING TEL: FROM INNOVATION TO LEARNING AND PRACTICE	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	5th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning	SEP 28-OCT 01, 2010	Barcelona, SPAIN	Neonatal & Pediat Pharm Grp			METADATA	Social media technologies offer potential benefits for a variety of scenarios to support access to digital resources. The involvement of users that do not only consume, but also participate and contribute information, allows for promising approaches such as social browsing and crowdsourcing. Yet, a lot of resources and metadata are contained in distributed and heterogeneous repositories that follow a traditional top-down approach in which only experts can contribute information. A social hub that can aggregate such information, while at the same time offering social media technologies, enables new ways to search and browse these contents, and to maintain underlying structures. We will present how the ALOE system that realises such a social backbone was integrated into the MACE portal. First evaluation results provide evidence about the usefulness of the presented approach.	[Memmel, Martin; Schirru, Rafael] DFKI GmbH, Knowledge Management Dept, Trippstadter Str 122, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; [Wolpers, Martin; Niemann, Katja] Fraunhofer Inst Appl Informat Technol, Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53754 St Augustin, Germany; [Condotta, Massimiliano] Univ IUAV Venice, Fac Architecture, Venice, Italy	Memmel, M (reprint author), DFKI GmbH, Knowledge Management Dept, Trippstadter Str 122, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.	martin.memmel@dfki.de; martin.wolpers@fit.fraunhofer.de; massimiliano.condotta@ivav.it; katja.niemann@fit.fraunhofer.de; rafael.schirru@dfki.de	Condotta, Massimiliano/P-2902-2014	Condotta, Massimiliano/0000-0002-7959-4520			Spigai Vittorio, 2008, P JOINT CIB C PERF K, P273; Stefaner M., 2009, MACE JOINT DELIVERAB; Wolpers Martin, 2010, International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, V2, P132, DOI 10.1504/IJTEL.2010.031264; Wolpers M, 2007, EDUC TECHNOL SOC, V10, P106; Wolpers M, 2009, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V5794, P112, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04636-0_13	5	1	1	0	0	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-16019-6	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6383						560	+				2	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BUH57	WOS:000289323300054		No			2017-07-02	
S	Vukovic, M; Laredo, J; Rajagopal, S		Benatallah, B; Casati, F; Kappel, G; Rossi, G		Vukovic, Maja; Laredo, Jim; Rajagopal, Sriram			Challenges and Experiences in Deploying Enterprise Crowdsourcing Service	WEB ENGINEERING	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on Web Engineering	JUL 05-09, 2010	Vienna, AUSTRIA	Vienna Univ Technol, Business Informat Grp, Austrian Comp Soc, Austrian Fed Minist Sci & Res, Austrian Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Vienna Convent Bur, SIEMENS AG, Google, Austrian Airlines		Enterprise crowdsourcing; Governance; Crowdsourcing Process		The value of crowdsourcing, arising from an instant access to a scalable expert network on-line, has been demonstrated by many success stories, such as GoldCorp, Netflix, and Top Coder. For enterprises, crowdsourcing promises significant cost-savings, quicker task completion times, and formation of expert communities (both within and outside the enterprise). Many aspects of the vision of enterprise crowdsourcing are under vigorous refinement. The reasons for this lack of progress, beyond the isolated and purpose-specific crowdsourcing efforts, are manifold. In this paper, we present our experience in deploying an enterprise crowdsourcing service in the IT Inventory Management domain. We focus on the technical and sociological challenges of creating enterprise crowdsourcing service that are general-purpose, and that extend beyond mere specific-purpose, run-once prototypes. Such systems are deployed to the extent that they become an integrated part of business processes. Only when such degree of integration is achieved, the enteprises can fully adopt crowdsourcing and reap its benefits. We discuss the challenges in creating and deploying the enterprise crowdsourcing platform, and articulate current technical, governance and sociological issues towards defining a research agenda.	[Vukovic, Maja; Laredo, Jim] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA; [Rajagopal, Sriram] IBM India, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India	Vukovic, M (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA.	maja@us.ibm.com; laredoj@us.ibm.com; srirraja@in.ibm.com	Casati, Fabio/I-7952-2013				Arguello J., 2006, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI2006, P959; BOBROW DG, 2002, J SOC ORG LEARNING M, V4; Brabahan D., 2008, INT J RES NEW MEDIA, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; BRYANT SL, 2005, P GROUP 05 SAN ISL F; Bartlett Christopher A., 2000, TRANSNATIONAL MANAGE; COSLEY D, 2007, P 12 ACM INT C INT U; DON T, 2006, PORTFOLIO HARDCO DEC; Kittur A., 2008, CHI 08; KRAUT B, 2007, DEALING NEWCOMERS; OLLEROS FX, 2008, P 2008 INT MCETECH C; VUKOVIC M, 2009, 7 ICSOC 1 INT WORKSH	11	6	6	0	9	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-13910-9	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6189						460	+				3	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BTB92	WOS:000286408900031		No			2017-07-02	
S	Arellano, C; Diaz, O; Iturrioz, J		Chen, L; Triantafillou, P; Suel, T		Arellano, Cristobal; Diaz, Oscar; Iturrioz, Jon			Crowdsourced Web Augmentation: A Security Model	WEB INFORMATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING-WISE 2010	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	11th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering	DEC 12-14, 2010	Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA	Croucher Fdn, KC Wong Educ Fdn		Augmentation; Sandbox; JavaScript; Crowdsourcing; Web2.0		Web augmentation alters the rendering of existing Web applications at the back of these applications. Changing the layout, adding/removing content or providing additional hyperlinks/widgers are examples of Web augmentation that account for a more personalized user experience. Crowdsourced Web augmentation considers end users not only the beneficiaries but also the contributors of augmentation scripts. The fundamental problem with so augmented Web applications is that code from numerous and possibly untrusted users are placed into the same security domain, hence, raising security and integrity concerns. Current solutions either coexist with the danger (e.g. Greasemonkey, where scripts work on the same security domain that the hosting application) or limit augmentation possibilities (e.g. virtual iframes in Google's Caja, where the widget is prevented from accessing the application space). This work introduces Modding Interfaces: application-specific interfaces that regulate inflow and outflow communication between the hosting code and the user code. The paper shows how the combined use of sandboxed iframes and "modding-interface" HTML5 channels ensures application integrity while permitting controlled augmentation on the hosting application.	[Arellano, Cristobal; Diaz, Oscar; Iturrioz, Jon] Univ Basque Country, ONEKIN Res Grp, San Sebastian, Spain	Arellano, C (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, ONEKIN Res Grp, San Sebastian, Spain.	cristobal.arellano@ehu.es; oscar.diaz@ehu.es; jon.iturrioz@ehu.es	Diaz, Oscar/D-2822-2011	Diaz, Oscar/0000-0003-1334-4761			BOUVIN NO, 1999, P 10 ACM C HYP HYP H; DIAZ O, 2008, 17 INT C WORLD WID W; *DOJ, SEC MASH DOJ SEC; *GOOGL INC, GOOGL CAJ SOURC TO S; HOFFMAN B, 2007, AJAX SECURITY, P295; *JCP, JSR 168 PORTLET SPEC; Maver J. J., 2009, ESSENTIAL FACEBOOK D; *MICR CORP, MICR WEB SANDB QOS L; *MICR CORP, MICR WEB SANDB; MOLLER K, 2007, SEMANTIC WEB C ONTOL; Scacchi Walt, 2010, 1 MONDAY, V15; Smith MK, 2004, OWL WEB ONTOLOGY LAN; Voas J, 1999, IEEE SOFTWARE, V16, P22, DOI 10.1109/MS.1999.776944; *W3CDOMWG, W3C DOM LEV 2; Yu J, 2008, IEEE INTERNET COMPUT, V12, P44, DOI 10.1109/MIC.2008.114	15	4	4	0	1	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-17615-9	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2010	6488						294	307				14	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BTC71	WOS:000286484400027		No			2017-07-02	
J	Huberman, BA; Romero, DM; Wu, F				Huberman, Bernardo A.; Romero, Daniel M.; Wu, Fang			Crowdsourcing, attention and productivity	JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE			English	Article						crowdsourcing; social attention		We show through an analysis of a massive data set from YouTube that the productivity exhibited in crowd-sourcing exhibits a strong positive dependence on attention, measured by the number of downloads. Conversely, a lack of attention leads to a decrease in the number of videos uploaded and the consequent drop in productivity, which in many cases asymptotes to no uploads whatsoever. Moreover, short-term contributors compare their performance to the average contributor's performance while long-term contributors compare it to their own media.	[Huberman, Bernardo A.; Wu, Fang] HP Labs, Social Comp Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA; [Romero, Daniel M.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Appl Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA	Huberman, BA (reprint author), 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.	bernardo.huberman@hp.com					Adar E., 2000, 1 MONDAY, V5; Andersson I, 2007, BREAST CARE, V2, P4, DOI 10.1159/000099366; Asvanund A, 2004, INFORM SYST RES, V15, P155, DOI 10.1287/isre.1040.0020; Franck G, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P53, DOI 10.1126/science.286.5437.53; GLANCE NS, 1994, SCI AM, V270, P76; Granger CWJ, 1969, ECONOMETRICA, V37, P424, DOI DOI 10.2307/1912791; HARDIN G, 1968, SCIENCE, V162, P1243; Huberman BA, 2004, SOC PSYCHOL QUART, V67, P103; Hughes D., 2005, IEEE DISTRIBUTED SYS, V6; Lampel J., 2007, J COMPUT-MEDIAT COMM, V12, P435; LEVINE SS, 2004, ANN M AM SOC ASS; Mockus A, 2002, ACM T SOFTW ENG METH, V11, P309, DOI 10.1145/567793.567795; Raymond E. S., 1999, HOMESTEADING NOOSPHE; STREET JO, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P152, DOI 10.2307/2684491; SZABO G, 2009, COMMUNICATI IN PRESS; WILKINSON DM, 2008, P 9 ACM C EL COMM, P302, DOI 10.1145/1386790.1386837	16	59	60	2	66	SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD	LONDON	1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND	0165-5515			J INF SCI	J. Inf. Sci.	DEC	2009	35	6					758	765		10.1177/0165551509346786		8	Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science	523LK	WOS:000272074600008		No			2017-07-02	
J	Bonabeau, E				Bonabeau, Eric			Decisions 2.0: The Power of Collective Intelligence	MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW			English	Article							BUSINESS	Companies have long used teams to solve problems: focus groups to explore customer needs, consumer surveys to understand the market and annual meetings to listen to shareholders. But the words "solve," "explore," "understand" and "listen" have now taken on a whole new meaning. Thanks to recent technologies, including many Web 2.0 applications, companies can now tap into "the collective" on a greater scale than ever before. Indeed, the increasing use of information markets, wikis, crowdsourcing, "the wisdom of crowds" concepts, social networks, collaborative software and other Web-based tools constitutes a paradigm shift in the way that many companies make decisions. Call it the emerging era of "Decisions 2.0." But the proliferation of such technologies necessitates a framework for understanding what type of collective intelligence is possible (or not), desirable (or not) and affordable (or not) - and under what conditions. At a minimum, managers need to consider the following key issues: loss of control, diversity versus expertise, engagement, policing, intellectual property and mechanism design. By understanding such important issues, companies like Affinnova, Google, InnoCentive, Marketocracy and Threadless have successfully implemented Decisions 2.0 applications for a variety of purposes, including research and development, market research, customer service and knowledge management. The bottom line is this: For many problems that a company faces, there could well be a solution out there somewhere, far outside of the traditional places that managers might search, within or outside the organization. The trick, though, is to develop the right tool for locating that source and then tap into it.	Icosyst Corp, Cambridge, MA USA	Bonabeau, E (reprint author), Icosyst Corp, Cambridge, MA USA.						BOLLIER D, 2007, 16 ASP I ROUNDT INF; Bonabeau E, 2001, HARVARD BUS REV, V79, P106; Cook S, 2008, HARVARD BUS REV, V86, P60; Dye R., 2008, MCKINSEY Q, P83; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Lakhani K. R., 2007, INNOVATIONS TECHNOLO, V2, P97, DOI DOI 10.1162/ITGG.2007.2.3.97; Li C., 2008, GROUNDSWELL WINNING; Libert B., 2007, WE ARE SMARTER ME UN; Malone T. W., 2004, FUTURE WORK NEW ORDE; Mcafee AP, 2006, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V47, P21; Myers D. G., 2004, INTUITION ITS POWERS; O'Leary D. E., 2008, COMPUTER         FEB, P34; Page SE, 2007, DIFFERENCE: HOW THE POWER OF DIVERSITY CREATES BETTER GROUPS, FIRMS, SCHOOLS, AND SOCIETIES, P1; Shirky Clay, 2008, HERE COMES EVERYBODY; Shuen A., 2008, WEB 2 0 STRATEGY GUI; Stephenson D., 2007, HOMELAND SECURITY AF, V3, P1; Sunstein Cass R, 2006, INFOTOPIA MANY MINDS; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Tapscott D., 2008, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; von Hippel E., 2005, DEMOCRATIZING INNOVA; WYLIE I, 2002, WHO RUNS THIS TEAM A	21	100	102	13	126	SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW ASSOC, MIT SLOAN SCHOOL MANAGEMENT	CAMBRIDGE	77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, E60-100, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-4307 USA	1532-9194			MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV	MIT Sloan Manage. Rev.	WIN	2009	50	2					45	+				9	Business; Management	Business & Economics	396OH	WOS:000262600500017		No			2017-07-02	
J	Hudson-Smith, A; Batty, M; Crooks, A; Milton, R				Hudson-Smith, Andrew; Batty, Michael; Crooks, Andrew; Milton, Richard			Mapping for the Masses Accessing Web 2.0 Through Crowdsourcing	SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW			English	Article						network economies; web-based services; map mashups; crowdsourcing; crowdcasting; online GIS		The authors describe how we are harnessing the power of web 2.0 technologies to create new approaches to collecting, mapping, and sharing geocoded data. The authors begin with GMapCreator that lets users fashion new maps using Google Maps as a base. The authors then describe MapTube that enables users to archive maps and demonstrate how it can be used in a variety of contexts to share map information, to put existing maps into a form that can be shared, and to create new maps from the bottom-up using a combination of crowdcasting, crowdsourcing, and traditional broadcasting. The authors conclude by arguing that such tools are helping to define a neogeography that is essentially "mapping for the masses,'' while noting that there are many issues of quality, accuracy, copyright, and trust that will influence the impact of these tools on map-based communication.	[Hudson-Smith, Andrew] UCL, Ctr Adv Spatial Anal, Natl Ctr E Social Sci, London, England	Hudson-Smith, A (reprint author), UCL, Ctr Adv Spatial Anal, Natl Ctr E Social Sci, London, England.	asmith@geog.ucl.ac.uk; m.batty@ucl.ac.uk; andrew.crooks@ucl.ac.uk; richard.milton@ucl.ac.uk	Batty, Michael/I-5638-2014	Crooks, Andrew/0000-0002-5034-6654			Carvalho R, 2006, J STAT MECH-THEORY E, DOI 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/10/P10012; EISNOR D, 2006, WHAT IS NEOGEOGRAPHY; Gibin M., 2008, APPL SPAT ANAL POLIC, V1, P85, DOI DOI 10.1007/S12061-008-9005-5; Goodchild MF, 2007, GEOJOURNAL, V69, P211, DOI 10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y; Singleton A., 2008, GEOGRAPHY COMPASS, V2, P2011, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1749-8198.2008.00167.X; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Keen Andrew, 2007, CULT OF THE AMATEUR; LONGLEY PA, URBAN STUDI IN PRESS; Shirky Clay, 2008, HERE COMES EVERYBODY; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Tapscott D, 2006, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; Turner A., 2006, INTRO NEOGEOGRAPHY	12	37	38	2	45	SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC	THOUSAND OAKS	2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA	0894-4393			SOC SCI COMPUT REV	Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev.	NOV	2009	27	4					524	538		10.1177/0894439309332299		15	Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics	509AW	WOS:000270984300006		No			2017-07-02	
J	Ebner, W; Leimeister, JM; Krcmar, H				Ebner, Winfried; Leimeister, Jan Marco; Krcmar, Helmut			Community engineering for innovations: the ideas competition as a method to nurture a virtual community for innovations	R & D MANAGEMENT			English	Article							TOOLKITS; USERS; DESIGN	'Crowdsourcing' is currently one of the most discussed key words within the open innovation community. The major question for both research and business is how to find and lever the enormous potential of the 'collective brain' to broaden the scope of 'open R&D'. Based on a literature review in the fields of Community Building and Innovation Management, this work develops an integrated framework called 'Community Engineering for Innovations'. This framework is evaluated in an Action Research project - the case of an ideas competition for an ERP Software company. The case 'SAPiens' includes the design, implementation and evaluation of an IT-supported ideas competition within the SAP University Competence Center (UCC) User Group. This group consists of approximately 60,000 people (lecturers and students) using SAP Software for educational purposes. The current challenges are twofold: on the one hand, there is not much activity yet in this community. On the other, SAP has not attempted to systematically address this highly educated group for idea generation or innovation development so far. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a framework for a community-based innovation development that generates innovations, process and product ideas in general and for SAP Research, in particular, combining the concepts of idea competitions and virtual communities. Furthermore, the concept aims at providing an interface to SAP Human Resources processes in order to identify the most promising students in this virtual community. This paper is the first to present an integrated concept for IT-supported idea competitions in virtual communities for leveraging the potential of crowds that is evaluated in a real-world setting.	[Ebner, Winfried] Deutsch Telekom AG, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; [Leimeister, Jan Marco] Univ Kassel, D-34127 Kassel, Germany; [Krcmar, Helmut] Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany	Ebner, W (reprint author), Deutsch Telekom AG, Friedrich Ebert Allee 71-77, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.	winfeied.ebner@telekom.de; leimeister@uni-kassel.de; krcmar@in.tum.de					Abdul-Rahman A, 2000, P 33 HAW INT C SYST; Balasubramanian S, 2001, INT J ELECTRON COMM, V5, P103; BRUNOLD J, 2000, WWW CYBER COMMUNITIE; BULLINGER HJ, 2002, BUSINESS COMMUNITIES; Chesbrough HW, 2003, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V44, P35; Chesbrough H. W., 2003, OPEN INNOVATION NEW; DORING N, 2003, SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE IN; Ebner W., 2004, 37 HAW INT C SYST SC; EBNER W, 2008, 41 HAW INT C SYST SC; ENKEL E, 2006, Z FUHRUNG ORG, V75, P132; ERNST H, 2004, PRODUKTENTWICKLUNG V, V11, P375; FIGALLO C, 1998, 1 INT C VIRT COMM BA; Franke N, 2004, J PROD INNOVAT MANAG, V21, P401, DOI 10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00094.x; Gambetta D., 1990, CAN WE TRUST TRUST T; Gassmann O., 2006, Z FUHRUNG ORG, V75, P132; Armstrong A. G., 1997, NET GAIN EXPANDING M; HAZARD I, 2007, WE ME WE ARE SMARTER; Howe J., 2006, WIRED, V6, P176; Hummel J., 2002, 35 HAW INT C SYST SC; Jeppesen LB, 2006, ORGAN SCI, V17, P45, DOI 10.1287/orsc.1050.0156; KAGERMANN H, 2006, EDITORIAL MAGAZINE S, P3; Kim Amy Jo, 2000, COMMUNITY BUILDING W; Lau F, 1997, INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH, P31; LAUBACHER R, 2007, MIT CTR COLLECTIVE I; Leimeister JM, 2005, J MANAGE INFORM SYST, V21, P101; Leimeister J. M., 2005, VIRTUELLE COMMUNITIE; MALONEYKRICHMAR D, 2003, HUMAN COMPUTER INTER, P596; MOHR M, 2006, WIRTSCHAFTSINF, P1; Piller FT, 2006, R&D MANAGE, V36, P307, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00432.x; Preece J., 2000, ONLINE COMMUNITIES D; PRUFER D, 2004, IDEEN WETTBEWERB BIO; Rapoport R. N., 1970, HUM RELAT, V23, P499, DOI DOI 10.1177/001872677002300601; Reichwald R., 2006, INTERAKTIVE WERTSCHO; RIEDL S, 2007, SAP COMMUNITY PORTAL; SCHRADER H, 2007, SAP INFO, V146, P24; SCHRADER H, 2005, SAP INFO, P132; Surowiecki J., 2005, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; SUTHHOF A, 2005, IDEENWETTBEWERB VORB; Tidd J., 2005, MANAGING INNOVATION; Tseng M, 2003, ADV MASS CUSTOMIZATI; Ulrich H., 1981, FUHRUNG BETRIEBES, P1; von Hippel E, 2002, MANAGE SCI, V48, P821, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.48.7.821.2817; von Hippel E., 2005, DEMOCRATIZING INNOVA; Wagner C., 2007, P 40 HAW INT C SYST; Walcher D., 2007, IDEENWETTBEWERB ALS; West J., 2007, 40 ANN HAW INT C SYS; West J., 2005, 38 ANN HAW INT C SYS; YEOW A, 2006, INT C INF SYST 27 IC	48	88	91	12	130	WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC	MALDEN	COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA	0033-6807			R&D MANAGE	R D Manage.	SEP	2009	39	4					342	356				15	Business; Management	Business & Economics	480DZ	WOS:000268713600004		No			2017-07-02	
J	Fritz, S; McCallum, I; Schill, C; Perger, C; Grillmayer, R; Achard, F; Kraxner, F; Obersteiner, M				Fritz, Steffen; McCallum, Ian; Schill, Christian; Perger, Christoph; Grillmayer, Roland; Achard, Frederic; Kraxner, Florian; Obersteiner, Michael			Geo-Wiki.Org: The Use of Crowdsourcing to Improve Global Land Cover	REMOTE SENSING			English	Article						land cover; volunteer geographic information; crowdsourcing; web 2.0; validating land cover; www.geo-wiki.org		Global land cover is one of the essential terrestrial baseline datasets available for ecosystem modeling, however uncertainty remains an issue. Tools such as Google Earth offer enormous potential for land cover validation. With an ever increasing amount of very fine spatial resolution images (up to 50 cm x 50 cm) available on Google Earth, it is becoming possible for every Internet user (including non remote sensing experts) to distinguish land cover features with a high degree of reliability. Such an approach is inexpensive and allows Internet users from any region of the world to get involved in this global validation exercise. The Geo-Wiki Project is a global network of volunteers who wish to help improve the quality of global land cover maps. Since large differences occur between existing global land cover maps, current ecosystem and land-use science lacks crucial accurate data (e.g., to determine the potential of additional agricultural land available to grow crops in Africa), volunteers are asked to review hotspot maps of global land cover disagreement and determine, based on what they actually see in Google Earth and their local knowledge, if the land cover maps are correct or incorrect. Their input is recorded in a database, along with uploaded photos, to be used in the future for the creation of a new and improved hybrid global land cover map.	[Fritz, Steffen; McCallum, Ian; Kraxner, Florian; Obersteiner, Michael] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Forestry Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; [Schill, Christian] Univ Freiburg, Dept Remote Sensing & Landscape Informat Syst FcL, Freiburg, Germany; [Perger, Christoph; Grillmayer, Roland] Univ Appl Sci Wiener Neustadt Business & Engn Ltd, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; [Achard, Frederic] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy	Fritz, S (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Forestry Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.	fritz@iiasa.ac.at; McCallum@iiasa.ac.at; christian.schill@felis.uni-freiburg.de; christoph.perger@fhwn.ac.at; frederic.achard@jrc.ec.europa.eu			European Community [037063]; Global Earth Observation - Benefit Estimation: Now, Next and Emerging (GEOBENE); EuroGEOSS	The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Sixth and Seventh Framework Programme (FP6/FP7) under grant agreement no 037063 (GOCE), Global Earth Observation - Benefit Estimation: Now, Next and Emerging (GEOBENE) and EuroGEOSS. Furthermore we would like to thank Anssi Pekkarinen for his advice and help. Thanks also to Damien Sulla-Menashe for providing the MODIS 500m-V.5-2005 product.	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J	Brabham, DC				Brabham, Daren C.			CROWDSOURCING THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS FOR PLANNING PROJECTS	PLANNING THEORY			English	Article						collective intelligence; crowdsourcing; public participation; urban planning; Web	CITIZEN PARTICIPATION; LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; MANAGEMENT; INFORMATION; DEMOCRACY; QUALITY; POLICY; PLANS	Public involvement is a central concern for urban planners, but the challenge for planners is how best to implement such programs, given many difficulties inherent in the typical public involvement process. The medium of the Web enables us to harness collective intellect among a population in ways face-to-face planning meetings cannot. This article argues that the crowdsourcing model, a successful, Web-based, distributed problem solving and production model for business, is an appropriate model for enabling the citizen participation process in public planning projects. This article begins with an exploration of the challenges of public participation in urban planning projects, particularly in the harnessing of creative solutions. An explanation of the theories of collective intelligence and crowd wisdom follows, arguing for the medium of the Web as an appropriate technology for harnessing far-flung genius. An exploration of crowdsourcing in a hypothetical neighborhood planning example, along with a consideration of the challenges of implementing crowdsourcing, concludes the article.	Univ Utah, Dept Commun, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA	Brabham, DC (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Commun, 255 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 2400, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.	daren.brabham@utah.edu					Abram S, 2004, EUR PLAN STUD, V12, P209, DOI 10.1080/0965431042000183941; Alfasi N., 2003, PLANNING THEORY PRAC, V4, P185, DOI DOI 10.1080/14649350307979; Appadurai A., 1996, MODERNITY LARGE CULT; Beebeejaun Y, 2006, INT PLAN STUD, V11, P3, DOI 10.1080/13563470600935008; Bell P., 2004, RURAL AREAS INTERNET; BIRDSALL S, 2005, 1 MONDAY, V10; BRABHAM DC, 2006, SPACE CULTURE, V9, P28, DOI 10.1177/1206331205283675; Brabham D.C., 2007, SPEAKERS CORNER DIVE; Brabham D.C., 2008, 1 MONDAY, V13; Brabahan D., 2008, INT J RES NEW MEDIA, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; Brabham D. C., 2008, ANN M ASS ED JOURN M; Brody SD, 2003, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V69, P245, DOI 10.1080/01944360308978018; Brody SD, 2003, J PLAN EDUC RES, V22, P407, DOI 10.1177/0739456X03022004007; Bryson J. 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J	Oprea, TI; Bologa, CG; Boyer, S; Curpan, RF; Glen, RC; Hopkins, AL; Lipinski, CA; Marshall, GR; Martin, YC; Ostopovici-Halip, L; Rishton, G; Ursu, O; Vaz, RJ; Waller, C; Waldmann, H; Sklar, LA				Oprea, Tudor I.; Bologa, Cristian G.; Boyer, Scott; Curpan, Ramona F.; Glen, Robert C.; Hopkins, Andrew L.; Lipinski, Christopher A.; Marshall, Garland R.; Martin, Yvonne C.; Ostopovici-Halip, Liliana; Rishton, Gilbert; Ursu, Oleg; Vaz, Roy J.; Waller, Chris; Waldmann, Herbert; Sklar, Larry A.			A crowdsourcing evaluation of the NIH chemical probes	NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY			English	Article							DRUG DISCOVERY; LEAD DISCOVERY; LIBRARIES; PREDICTION; DESIGN; IDENTIFICATION; CANDIDATES	Between 2004 and 2008, the US National Institutes of Health Molecular Libraries and Imaging initiative pilot phase funded 10 high-throughput screening centers, resulting in the deposition of 691 assays into PubChem and the nomination of 64 chemical probes. We crowdsourced the Molecular Libraries and Imaging initiative output to 11 experts, who expressed medium or high levels of confidence in 48 of these 64 probes.	[Oprea, Tudor I.; Bologa, Cristian G.; Curpan, Ramona F.; Ostopovici-Halip, Liliana; Ursu, Oleg; Sklar, Larry A.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Boyer, Scott] AstraZeneca R&D, Global Safety Assessment, Molndal, Sweden; [Curpan, Ramona F.; Ostopovici-Halip, Liliana] Acad Romana, Inst Chem, Timisoara, Romania; [Glen, Robert C.] Unilever Ctr Mol Sci Informat, Dept Chem, Cambridge, England; [Hopkins, Andrew L.] Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, Div Biol Chem & Drug Discovery, Dundee, Scotland; [Lipinski, Christopher A.] Melior Discovery, Waterford, CT USA; [Marshall, Garland R.] Washington Univ, Ctr Computat Biol, St Louis, MO USA; [Rishton, Gilbert] Calif State Univ, Channel Islands Alzheimers Inst, Camarillo, CA USA; [Vaz, Roy J.] Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceut, Bridgewater, NJ USA; [Waller, Chris] Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global R&D, Chem Informat, Groton, CT 06340 USA; [Waldmann, Herbert] Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Abt Chem Biol 4, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany; [Waldmann, Herbert] Tech Univ Dortmund, Fac Chem, Dortmund, Germany	Oprea, TI (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.	toprea@salud.unm.edu; lskar@salud.unm.edu	Oprea, Tudor/A-5746-2011; Bologa, Cristian/A-7952-2010; Hopkins, Andrew/H-5138-2011	Oprea, Tudor/0000-0002-6195-6976; Marshall, Garland/0000-0002-3098-0332; Bologa, Cristian/0000-0003-2232-4244; Hopkins, Andrew/0000-0003-1977-018X; Lipinski, Christopher/0000-0001-7355-7254; Waldmann, Herbert/0000-0002-9606-7247	NIMH NIH HHS [1U54MH084690, U54 MH074425, U54 MH084690]		Adams CP, 2006, HEALTH AFFAIR, V25, P420, DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.25.2.420; Ajay, 1998, J MED CHEM, V41, P3314, DOI 10.1021/jm970666c; Austin CP, 2004, SCIENCE, V306, P1138, DOI 10.1126/science.1105511; Chesbrough H. W., 2003, OPEN INNOVATION NEW; Hann MM, 2001, J CHEM INF COMP SCI, V41, P856, DOI 10.1021/ci000403i; Hopkins AL, 2006, ANNU REP MED CHEM, V41, P425, DOI 10.1016/S0065-7743(06)41029-0; Howe J., 2006, WIRED; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Inglese J, 2007, NAT CHEM BIOL, V3, P438, DOI 10.1038/nchembio0807-438; Kaiser J, 2008, SCIENCE, V321, P764, DOI 10.1126/science.321.5890.764; Keseru GM, 2009, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V8, P203, DOI 10.1038/nrd2796; Kramer JA, 2007, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V6, P636, DOI 10.1038/nrd2378; LEO AJ, 1993, CHEM REV, V93, P1281, DOI 10.1021/cr00020a001; Lipinski CA, 1997, ADV DRUG DELIVER REV, V23, P3, DOI 10.1016/S0169-409X(96)00423-1; McGovern SL, 2003, J MED CHEM, V46, P4265, DOI 10.1021/jm030266r; Norinder U, 2002, ADV DRUG DELIVER REV, V54, P291, DOI 10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00005-4; Oprea TI, 2004, CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL, V8, P349, DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.06.008; Oprea TI, 2002, J BRAZIL CHEM SOC, V13, P811, DOI 10.1590/S0103-50532002000600013; Polanyi M, 1974, PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE P; Rishton GM, 2008, CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL, V12, P340, DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.02.008; Rishton GM, 1997, DRUG DISCOV TODAY, V2, P382, DOI 10.1016/S1359-6446(97)01083-0; Roche O, 2002, J MED CHEM, V45, P137, DOI 10.1021/jm010934d; Sadowski J, 1998, J MED CHEM, V41, P3325, DOI 10.1021/jm9706776; Seidler J, 2003, J MED CHEM, V46, P4477, DOI 10.1021/jm030191r; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Teague SJ, 1999, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V38, P3743, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991216)38:24<3743::AID-ANIE3743>3.3.CO;2-L; Tetko IV, 2001, J CHEM INF COMP SCI, V41, P1407, DOI 10.1021/ci010368v; Vaz R. J., 2008, ANTITARGETS; Young SM, 2005, J BIOMOL SCREEN, V10, P374, DOI 10.1177/1087057105274532	29	68	68	4	37	NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP	NEW YORK	75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA	1552-4450			NAT CHEM BIOL	Nat. Chem. Biol.	JUL	2009	5	7					441	447		10.1038/nchembio0709-441		7	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology	461KQ	WOS:000267266100003	19536101	No			2017-07-02	
J	Leimeister, JM; Huber, M; Bretschneider, U; Krcmar, H				Leimeister, Jan Marco; Huber, Michael; Bretschneider, Ulrich; Krcmar, Helmut			Leveraging Crowdsourcing: Activation-Supporting Components for IT-Based Ideas Competition	JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS			English	Article						activation; crowdsourcing; ERP software; ideas competition; incentives; motivation; open innovation; theory-driven design	OPEN-SOURCE PROJECTS; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; OPEN INNOVATION; DESIGN; USERS; COMMUNITIES; CREATIVITY; TOOLKITS	Ideas competitions appear to be a promising tool for crowdsourcing and open innovation processes, especially for business-to-business software companies. Active participation of potential lead users is the key to success. Yet a look at existing ideas competitions in the software field leads to the conclusion that many information technology (IT)-based ideas competitions fail to meet requirements upon which active participation is established. The paper describes how activation-enabling functionalities can be systematically designed and implemented in an IT-based ideas competition for enterprise resource planning software. We proceeded to evaluate the outcomes of these design measures and found that participation can be supported using a two-step model. The components of the model support incentives and motives of users. Incentives and motives of the users then support the process of activation and consequently participation throughout the ideas competition. This contributes to the successful implementation and maintenance of the ideas competition, thereby providing support for the development of promising innovative ideas. The paper concludes with a discussion of further activation-supporting components yet to be implemented and points to rich possibilities for future research in these areas.	[Leimeister, Jan Marco] Univ Kassel, Kassel, Germany; [Leimeister, Jan Marco] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Comp Sci, Munich, Germany; [Huber, Michael; Bretschneider, Ulrich] Tech Univ Munich, Chair Informat Syst, D-8000 Munich, Germany; [Krcmar, Helmut] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Informat, D-8000 Munich, Germany; [Krcmar, Helmut] NYU, Leonard Stern Sch Business, New York, NY 10003 USA; [Krcmar, Helmut] CUNY, Baruch Coll, New York, NY USA; [Krcmar, Helmut] Univ Hohenheim, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany	Leimeister, JM (reprint author), Univ Kassel, Kassel, Germany.						Bortz J., 2006, FORSCHUNGSMETHODEN E; Briggs RO, 2006, INT J HUM-COMPUT ST, V64, P573, DOI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.02.003; Chesbrough H, 2006, R&D MANAGE, V36, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00428.x; Chesbrough H., 2007, OPEN BUSINESS MODELS; Chesbrough HW, 2003, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V44, P35; CHURCHILL GA, 1979, J MARKETING RES, V16, P64, DOI 10.2307/3150876; Cothrel J. 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SUM	2009	26	1					197	224		10.2753/MIS0742-1222260108		28	Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics	477LL	WOS:000268520500009		No			2017-07-02	
J	Crampton, JW				Crampton, Jeremy W.			Cartography: maps 2.0	PROGRESS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY			English	Article						crowdsourcing; FOSS; geospatial web; locative media; new spatial media; virtual earth	INTERNET; WORLD; PERSPECTIVE; DIGIPLACE; WEB; GIS		Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA	Crampton, JW (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 4105, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA.	jcrampton@gsu.edu	Crampton, Jeremy/H-8392-2013	Crampton, Jeremy/0000-0001-5702-0430			(AAAS) American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2007, HIGH RES SAT IM CONF; Adamic L., 2005, POLITICAL BLOGOSPHER; Armstrong J., 2006, CRASHING GATE NETROO; ARTHUR C, 2006, GUARDIAN        0309; BARZEEV A, 2008, CARTOGRAPHICA, V43, P85; BOEKE K, 1978, POWERS 10 FILM DEALI; Butler D, 2006, NATURE, V439, P776, DOI 10.1038/439776a; Butler D, 2006, NATURE, V439, P6, DOI 10.1038/439006a; BUTTONWOOD, 2007, ECONOMIST       0906; Cai Guoray, 2005, T GIS, V9, P199, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2005.00213.x; Chaki SP, 2005, APOPTOSIS, V10, P395, DOI 10.1007/s10495-005-0813-7; Cosgrove D, 2001, APOLLOS EYE CARTOGRA; Crampton J. W., 2004, POLITICAL MAPPING CY; Dave B, 2007, ENVIRON PLANN B, V34, P381, DOI 10.1068/b3403ed; DiBiase D., 2007, CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC, V34, P113, DOI 10.1559/152304007781002253; DiBiase D., 2006, GEOGRAPHIC INFORM SC; DiBona C., 2006, OPEN SOURCES 2 0 CON; Dickens Charles, 1980, TALE 2 CITIES; Dodge M, 2007, ENVIRON PLANN B, V34, P431, DOI 10.1068/b32041t; ELLISON J, 2007, GEO CONNEXION, V6, P48; Erle S., 2005, MAPPING HACKS; *ESRI, 2006, ARCUSER MAGAZINE JAN; Fairhurst R., 2005, B SOC U CARTOGRAPHER, V39, P57; Gibson W., 1984, NEUROMANCER; Giles J, 2005, NATURE, V438, P900, DOI 10.1038/438900a; Gillmor D., 2006, WE MEDIA GRASSROOTS; Gore A, 1998, DIGITAL EARTH UNDERS; Hall M, 2007, MARK WILL DEMOCRACY; HANKE J, 2007, 2 0 C 29 MAY SAN JOS; HANKE J, 2007, DISTINGUISHED INNOVA; Hardt Michael, 2004, MULTITUDE WAR DEMOCR; Harley J., 1987, CARTOGRAPHY PREHISTO; Harris L., 2006, ACME, V4, P99; Helft M., 2007, NY TIMES, pA1; Hopfer S, 2007, INT J GEOGR INF SCI, V21, P921, DOI 10.1080/13658810701377780; Howe J., 2006, RISE CROWDSOURCING; Johnston R. J., 2000, DICT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY; Keen A., 2007, CULT AMATEUR TODAYS; Kitchin Rob, 2002, LOST SPACE GEOGRAPHI; Kitchin R, 2007, PROG HUM GEOG, V31, P331, DOI 10.1177/0309132507077082; LABOTT E, 2007, GOOGLE EARTH MAPS DA; Libert Barry, 2008, WE ARE SMARTER ME UN; LIVINGSTONE DN, 1996, GEOJOURNAL, V26, P228; MacEachren AM, 2006, COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN, V30, P201, DOI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.10.005; MacEachren AM, 2005, INT J GEOGR INF SCI, V19, P293, DOI 10.1080/13658810412331280158; Maceachren AM, 2004, INT J GEOGR INF SCI, V18, P1, DOI 10.1080/13658810310001596094; MacEachren AM, 1998, PROG HUM GEOG, V22, P575, DOI 10.1191/030913298670626440; MACEACHREN AM, 2006, ACM INT C P SERIES, V151, P71; MEJIA R, 2007, WASHINGTON POST 0610, pW20; Miller CC, 2006, CARTOGRAPHICA, V41, P187, DOI DOI 10.3138/J0L0-5301-2262-N779; Feenberg Andrew, 2003, MODERNITY TECHNOLOGY; Monmonier M., 2002, SPYING MAPS SURVEILL; Morville Peter, 2005, AMBIENT FINDABILITY; OREILLY T, 2006, OPEN SOURCES 2 0, P253; Page SE, 2007, DIFFERENCE: HOW THE POWER OF DIVERSITY CREATES BETTER GROUPS, FIRMS, SCHOOLS, AND SOCIETIES, P1; Pearce JM, 2007, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V51, P435, DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.10.010; Peterson Michael P., 2003, MAPS INTERNET; Pickles J., 2004, HIST SPACES CARTOGRA; PRIEST C, 1978, DREAM ARCHIPELAGO, P186; Rainie L., 2007, ELECTION 2006 ONLINE; Raymond E., 2001, CATHEDRAL BAZAAR MUS; Raymond E., 1999, KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGY, V12, P23, DOI DOI 10.1007/S12130-999-1026-0; Rheingold H., 2002, SMART MOBS NEXT SOCI; Rheingold Howard, 2003, SMART MOBS NEXT SOCI; Scharl A., 2007, GEOSPATIAL WEB GEOBR; Schuurman N, 2000, PROG HUM GEOG, V24, P569, DOI 10.1191/030913200100189111; Stallman R. S., 1999, OPEN SOURCES VOICES, P53; Stephenson N., 1992, SNOW CRASH; Surowieki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Tapscott D, 2006, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; Taylor DRF, 2006, CARTOGRAPHICA, V41, P1; Turner A., 2006, INTRO NEOGEOGRAPHY; VINGE V, 2001, TRUE NAMES V VINGE O; Webb R, 2006, NATURE, V439, P800, DOI 10.1038/439800a; Weber S., 2004, SUCCESS OPEN SOURCE; Wood Denis, 1992, POWER MAPS; Wood D, 2003, CARTOGRAPHIC PERSPEC, V45, P4, DOI DOI 10.14714/CP45.497; ZETTER K, 2007, EYES SKIES DOCUMENT; Zook M, 2006, ANNU REV INFORM SCI, V40, P53, DOI 10.1002/aris.1440400109; Zook MA, 2005, INFORM AGE SER, P1, DOI 10.1002/9780470774250; Zook MA, 2007, ENVIRON PLANN B, V34, P466, DOI 10.1068/b3311; Zook MA, 2007, GEOFORUM, V38, P1322, DOI 10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.05.004; Taylor DRF, 2005, MOD CARTOGR, V4, P1	83	79	81	2	36	SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD	LONDON	1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND	0309-1325	1477-0288		PROG HUM GEOG	Prog. Hum. Geogr.	FEB	2009	33	1					91	100		10.1177/0309132508094074		10	Geography	Geography	405DO	WOS:000263203000009		No			2017-07-02	
B	DiPalantino, D; Vojnovic, M			ACM	DiPalantino, Dominic; Vojnovic, Milan			Crowdsourcing and All-Pay Auctions	10TH ACM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE - EC 2009			English	Proceedings Paper	10th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC-2009)	JUL 06-10, 2009	Stanford, CA			Crowdsourcing; All-Pay Auctions; Contests; Game Theory	INFORMATION; COMPETITION; MARKETS; SELLERS	In this paper we present and analyze a model in which users select among, and subsequently compete in, a collection of contests offering various rewards. The objective is to capture the essential features of a crowdsourcing system, an environment in which diverse tasks are presented to a large community. We aim to demonstrate the precise relationship between incentives and participation in such systems. We model contests as all-pay auctions with incomplete information; as a. consequence of revenue equivalence, our model may also be interpreted more broadly as one in Which users select among auctions of heterogeneous goods. We present two regimes in which we find an explicit correspondence in equilibrium between the offered rewards and the users' participation levels. The regimes respectively model situations in which different contests; require similar or unrelated skills. Principally, we find that rewards yield logarithmically diminishing returns with respect to participation levels. We compare these results to empirical data from the crowdsourcing site Tasken.com; we find that as we condition the data on more experienced users, the model more closely conforms to the empirical data.	[DiPalantino, Dominic] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	DiPalantino, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 380 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	domdip@stanford.edu; milanv@microsoft.com					Ashlagi I., 2008, P 4 WORKSH AD AUCT C; Baye MR, 1996, ECON THEORY, V8, P291, DOI 10.1007/s001990050092; Chen Y., 2008, KNOWLEDGE MARKET DES; DIPALANTINO D, 2009, MSRTR20099; Hernando-Veciana A, 2005, J ECON THEORY, V121, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.jet.2004.03.001; Krishna V., 2002, AUCTION THEORY; MCAFEE RP, 1993, ECONOMETRICA, V61, P1281, DOI 10.2307/2951643; MILGROM PR, 1982, ECONOMETRICA, V50, P1089, DOI 10.2307/1911865; MILGROM PR, 1985, MATH OPER RES, V10, P619, DOI 10.1287/moor.10.4.619; Moldovanu B, 2001, AM ECON REV, V91, P542, DOI 10.1257/aer.91.3.542; Peters M, 1997, J ECON THEORY, V75, P141, DOI 10.1006/jeth.1997.2278; PETERS M, 1999, REV EC DESIGN, V4, P273, DOI 10.1007/s100580050038; WOLINSKY A, 1988, REV ECON STUD, V55, P71, DOI 10.2307/2297530; Yang J., 2008, P 9 ACM C EL COMM, P246, DOI 10.1145/1386790.1386829	14	40	40	1	7	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-458-4				2009							119	128				10	Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BWS78	WOS:000294744400014		No			2017-07-02	
S	Wang, B; Hou, BA; Yao, YP; Yan, LB		Turner, SJ; Roberts, D; Cai, W; ElSaddik, A		Wang, Bing; Hou, Bonan; Yao, Yiping; Yan, Laibin			Human Flesh Search Model Incorporating Network Expansion and GOSSIP with Feedback	13TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION AND REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS	IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications		English	Proceedings Paper	13th IEEE/ACM Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications (DS-RT 2009)	OCT 25-28, 2009	Singapore, SINGAPORE	IEEE, ACM		human flesh search(HFS); social network; comeplex network; distributed problem solving; crowdsourcing; GOSSIP with feedback		With the development of on-line forum technology and the pervasive participation of the public, the Human Flesh Search is becoming an arising phenomenon which makes a great impact on our daily life. There arose big research interests in social, legal issues resulted from HFS, however, very little work has been conducted to understand how it comes into being and how it dynamically evolves. This paper proposes a modeling and simulation approach incorporating network expansion and GOSSIP propagation with feedback for a better understanding of the human flesh search phenomenon. Based on the acquisition and analysis of the netizens' surfing behavior data, the evolution of the HFS Is modeled as a network growth process with proper dynamic input, which is characterized by heavy-tail and burst-oriented distribution, modeling as a Weibulloid process. Then, an improved GOSSIP model with feedback is proposed to represent the information propagation, processing and aggregation during the HFS. New insights for HFS are gained through a set of simulation experiments.	[Wang, Bing; Hou, Bonan; Yao, Yiping; Yan, Laibin] Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Comp Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China	Wang, B (reprint author), Natl Univ Def Technol, Sch Comp Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.	wangbing@nudt.edu.cn; bnhou@nudt.edu.cn; ypyao@nudt.edu.cn; lbyan@nudt.edu.cn					Agarwal N., 2008, SIGKDD EXPLORATIONS, V10, P18, DOI DOI 10.1145/1412734.1412737; Albert R, 2002, REV MOD PHYS, V74, P47, DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47; Albert R., 2002, REV MODERN PHYS, V74, DOI arXivcond-mat/0106096v1; Banks J., 2005, DISCRETE EVENT SYSTE; BARAB AL, 2005, ORIGIN BURSTS HEAVY; Barabasi A.L., 1999, SCIENCE, V286; *CNNIC, 24 CNNIC; DANGELO G, 2009, SIMULATION SCALE FRE; Dezso Z., 2006, PHYS REV E, P73; EVANS BM, 2008, MODEL UNDERSTANDING; Fernandess Y, 2008, SPAA'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLELISM IN ALGORITHMS AND ARCHITECTURES, P91; GAO Y, 2007, SPRINGSIM 07, P145; Howe J., WIRED 14 06 RISE CRO; LIU LH, ARXIVPHYSICS0701316; OGRADY EM, 2007, NETWORK FRACTURE CON; *TIM ONL, HUM FLESH SEARCH ENG; WATTS DJ, 1998, NATURE, V440, P393; WEI H, 2009, CHINESE PHYS LETT, V26; WELLMAN B, 2001, NETWORKING GUANXI SO; 2008, RENROUSOUSUO; 2009, CROWDSOURCING    AUG	21	4	4	0	3	IEEE COMPUTER SOC	LOS ALAMITOS	10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA	1550-6525		978-0-7695-3868-6	IEEE ACM DIS SIM			2009							82	88		10.1109/DS-RT.2009.36		7	Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering	Computer Science	BNR41	WOS:000275316100010		No			2017-07-02	
S	Storey, MAD		Zaidman, A; Antoniol, G; Ducasee, S		Storey, Margaret-Anne D.			Beyond the Lone Reverse Engineer: Insourcing, Outsourcing and Crowdsourcing	16TH WORKING CONFERENCE ON REVERSE ENGINEERING (WCRE 2009)	Working Conference on Reverse Engineering		English	Proceedings Paper	16th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering	OCT 13-16, 2009	Lille, FRANCE	Reengineering Forum, IEEE CS, Techn Council Software Engn, INRIA Lille Nord Europe, Software Cost Affective Change & Evolut Res Lab, Delft Univ Technol, CPS, IEEE Comp Soc					Univ Victoria, Dept Comp Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada	Storey, MAD (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Comp Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.	mstorey@uvic.ca						0	1	1	0	1	IEEE COMPUTER SOC	LOS ALAMITOS	10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA	1095-1350		978-0-7695-3867-9	WORK CONF REVERSE EN			2009							3	3		10.1109/WCRE.2009.57		1	Computer Science, Software Engineering	Computer Science	BUJ21	WOS:000289498100001		No			2017-07-02	
B	Vukovic, M		Zhiang, LJ		Vukovic, Maja			Crowdsourcing for Enterprises	2009 IEEE CONGRESS ON SERVICES (SERVICES-1 2009), VOLS 1 AND 2			English	Proceedings Paper	4th IEEE Congress on Services	JUL 06-10, 2009	Los Angeles, CA	IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Serv Comp				Crowdsourcing is emerging as the new on-line distributed problem solving and production model in which networked people collaborate to complete a task. Enterprises are increasingly employing crowdsourcing to access scalable workforce on-line. In parallel, cloud computing has emerged as a new paradigm for delivering computational services, which seamlessly, interweave physical and digital worlds through a common infrastructure. This paper presents a sample crowdsourcing scenario in software development domain to derive the requirements for delivering a general-purpose crowdsourcing set-vice in the Cloud. It proposes taxonomy for categorization of crowdsourcing platforms, and evaluates a number of existing systems against the set Of identified features. Finally, the paper outlines a research agenda for enhancing crowdsourcing capabilities, with focus on virtual team building and task-based set-vice provisioning, whose lack has been a barrier to the realization of a peer-production model that engages providers from around the world.			maja@us.ibm.com					BOBROW DG, 2002, J SOC ORG LEARNING M, V4; Brabahan D., 2008, INT J RES NEW MEDIA, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; Delic K. A., 2008, UBIQUITY, V9; Hewitt C, 2008, IEEE INTERNET COMPUT, V12, P96, DOI 10.1109/MIC.2008.107; Howe J., WIRED, V14; Kautz H, 1997, COMMUN ACM, V40, P63, DOI 10.1145/245108.245123; Kittur A., 2008, P 26 ANN SIGCHI C HU, P453, DOI DOI 10.1145/1357054.1357127; MCMILLAN KL, SYMBOLIC MODEL CHECK; Surowiecki J, 2005, WISDOM CROWDS	9	52	52	2	19	IEEE	NEW YORK	345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA			978-1-4244-4930-9				2009							686	692		10.1109/SERVICES-I.2009.56		7	Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Computer Science; Engineering	BNI46	WOS:000274634100102		No			2017-07-02	
B	Curran, S; Feeney, K; Schaler, R; Lewis, D			IEEE	Curran, Stephen; Feeney, Kevin; Schaler, Reinhard; Lewis, David			The Management of Crowdsourcing in Business Processes	2009 IFIP/IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED NETWORK MANAGEMENT - WORKSHOPS			English	Proceedings Paper	IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2009)	JUN 01-05, 2009	New York, NY	IFIP, IEEE					[Curran, Stephen; Feeney, Kevin; Lewis, David] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Ctr Next Generat Localizat, Dublin 2, Ireland; [Schaler, Reinhard] Univ Limerick, Localizat Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland	Curran, S (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Ctr Next Generat Localizat, Dublin 2, Ireland.	Stephen.Curran@cs.tcd.ie; Kevin.Feeney@cs.tcd.ie; Reinhard.Schaler@ul.ie; Dave.Lewis@cs.tcd.ie		Lewis, Dave/0000-0002-3503-4644	Science foundation Ireland [07/CE/I1142]; Center for Next Generation Localization ate Trinity College Dublin	This research is supported by the Science foundation Ireland (grant 07/CE/I1142) as part of the Center for Next Generation Localization ate Trinity College Dublin.	ALLEE V, FUTURE KNOWLEDGE INC; Feeney KC, 2004, FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POLICIES FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS, P23, DOI 10.1109/POLICY.2004.1309147; OASIS Standard, 2007, WEB SERV BUS PROC EX	3	0	0	0	2	IEEE	NEW YORK	345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA			978-1-4244-3923-2				2009							77	+		10.1109/INMW.2009.5195939		2	Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Computer Science; Engineering	BOQ33	WOS:000277313400013		No			2017-07-02	
S	Ganjisaffar, Y; Javanmardi, S; Lopes, C		Abraham, A; Snasel, V; WegrzynWolska, K		Ganjisaffar, Yasser; Javanmardi, Sara; Lopes, Cristina			Review-based Ranking of Wikipedia Articles	2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS	International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks		English	Proceedings Paper	International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks	JUN 24-27, 2009	ESIGETEL, Fontainebleau, FRANCE	Machine Intelligence Res Labs	ESIGETEL	Wikipedia; Search; Ranking		Wikipedia, the largest encyclopedia on the Web, is often seen as the most successful example of crowdsourcing. The encyclopedic knowledge it accumulated over the years is so large that one often uses search engines, to find information in it. In contrast to regular Web pages, Wikipedia is fairly structured, and articles are usually accompanied with history pages, categories and talk pages. The meta-data available in these pages can be analyzed to gain a better understanding of the content and quality of the articles. We discuss how the rich meta-data available in wiki pages can be used to provide better search results in Wikipedia. Built on the studies on "Wisdom of Crowd" and the effectiveness of the knowledge collected by a large number of people, we investigate the effect of incorporating the extent of review of an article in the quality of rankings of the search results. The extent of review is measured by the number of distinct editors contributed to the articles and is extracted by processing Wikipedia's history pages. We compare different ranking algorithms that explore combinations of text-relevancy, PageRank, and extent of review. The results show that the review-based ranking algorithm which combines the extent of review and text-relevancy outperforms the rest; it is more accurate and less computationally expensive compared to PageRank-based rankings.	[Ganjisaffar, Yasser; Javanmardi, Sara; Lopes, Cristina] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA	Ganjisaffar, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.	yganjisa@ics.uci.edu; sjavanma@ics.uci.edu; lopes@ics.uci.edu					Amento B., 2000, SIGIR 00, P296; Carterette Ben, 2008, SIGIR 08, P685; CARTERETTE B, 2008, P ECIR 2008 MAR APR; CHESNEY T, 2006, FIRSTMONDAY, V11; Cohen WW, 1999, J ARTIF INTELL RES, V10, P243; Galton F, 1907, NATURE, V75, P450, DOI 10.1038/075450a0; Giles J, 2005, NATURE, V438, P900, DOI 10.1038/438900a; Hu M., 2007, WIDM 07, P145; Hu Meiqun, 2007, CIKM 07, P243; Jarvelin K., 2000, SIGIR 00, P41; Joachims T., 2005, SIGIR 2005. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, P154; Joachims T., 2002, KDD 02, P133, DOI DOI 10.1145/775047.775067; Joachims T, 2007, ACM T INFORM SYST, V25, DOI 10.1145/1229179.1229181; KAMPS J, 2008, LECT NOTES COMPUTER, P270; KAMPS J, 2009, WSDM 09; Kittur A, 2007, WORLD WIDE WEB, V1; Kittur A, 2008, CSCW: 2008 ACM CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, P37; Kleinberg Jon M., 1999, JACM, V46, P604; Korfiatis NT, 2006, ONLINE INFORM REV, V30, P252, DOI [10.1108/14684520610675780, 10.1108/14694520610675780]; Lih A., 2004, P 5 INT S ONL JOURN, P16; Mandl T., 2006, HYPERTEXT 2006, P73; Page L., 1998, PAGERANK CITATION RA; Radlinski F., 2008, CIKM 2008, P43; REEVES D, LISTEN CROWD; SCHROEDER DV, 2006, AM J PHYS, V74; Scott J, 2000, SOCIAL NETWORK ANAL; Surowiecki J., 2004, WISDOM CROWDS WHY MA; Tetlock PE, 2005, EXPERT POLITICAL JUDGMENT: HOW GOOD IS IT, HOW CAN WE KNOW, P1; Wasserman S, 1994, SOCIAL NETWORK ANAL; [Anonymous], 2007, FIRSTMONDAY; ZHOU Y, 2005, CIKM 05, P331; Zhu X., 2000, SIGIR 00, P288	32	1	1	0	4	IEEE COMPUTER SOC	LOS ALAMITOS	10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA	2155-7047		978-0-7695-3740-5	INT CONF COMPU ASPEC			2009							98	104		10.1109/CASoN.2009.14		7	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BNP80	WOS:000275189500013		No			2017-07-02	
S	Scheer, AW; Klueckmann, J		Dayal, U; Eder, J; Koehler, J; Reijers, HA		Scheer, August-Wilhelm; Klueckmann, Joerg			BPM 3.0	BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	7th International Conference on Business Process Management	SEP 08-10, 2009	Ulm, GERMANY	Univ Ulm, Inst Databases & Informat Syst		Business Process Management; Governance; Community; Crowdsourcing		Business Process Management (BPM) is an established management discipline. Since today's organizations expect every employee to think and act like an entrepreneur, i.e., like a manager, BPM is also increasingly becoming part of everyday operations. But merely adopting a process-based approach across the enterprise is not enough to enable BPM at every level. What is needed is a combination of organizational forms and technologies that support distributed BPM initiatives while simultaneously consolidating them company-wide. Every employee must be empowered to model and optimize their own processes. At the same time, the entire BPM community needs a platform that brings together all the individual initiatives. This is the only way to leverage the full potential of process-oriented management. In the following article, the authors describe the trends in BPM development that are turning users into process managers and supporting the creation of a BPM community.	[Scheer, August-Wilhelm; Klueckmann, Joerg] IDS Scheer AG, D-66115 Saarbrucken, Germany	Scheer, AW (reprint author), IDS Scheer AG, Altenkesseler Str 17, D-66115 Saarbrucken, Germany.	joerg.klueckmann@ids-scheer.com					Davis R., 2008, ARIS DESIGN PLATFORM; Howe J, 2008, CROWDSOURCING POWER; STEIN S, 2008, SEMANTIC SERVICE PRO, P127; TAPSCOTT D, 2008, MASS COLLABORATION C; VANLESSEN T, GESCHAFTSPROZESSMANA; WAGNER J, BPM WEB 2 0 ERA	6	6	6	0	0	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-03847-1	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2009	5701						15	27				13	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BLY57	WOS:000271450000002		No			2017-07-02	
B	Koblin, A			ACM	Koblin, Aaron			The Sheep Market	C & C 09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 ACM SIGCHI CONFERENCE ON CREATIVITY AND COGNITION			English	Proceedings Paper	ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition 2009	OCT 27-30, 2009	Berkeley, CA	ACM SIGCHI, ACIM SIGMM, ACM SIGART, ACM SIGGRAPH, ACM SIGCAS, ACM SIGSOFT, BIGDOG Interact, Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Digital Music, Creat & Cognit Studies, Taylor & Francis Grp		Art; Crowdsourcing; Data Visualization; Design; Drawing; Media Art		The Sheep Market, is a web-based artwork that appropriates Amazon's Mechanical Turk system to implicate thousands of workers in the creation of a massive database of drawings. From one simple request, submitted to the MTurk system as a 'HIT' or Human Intelligence Task, workers create their version of "a sheep facing to the left" using simple drawing tools. The artist responsible for each drawing receives a payment of two cents for their labor. The inspiration for The Sheep Market project stems from the urge to cast a light on the human role of creativity expressed by workers in the system, while explicitly calling attention to the massive and insignificant role each plays as part of a whole. The project will be presented at the Creativity and Cognition Conference as a large projection of each sheep's animated creation process as drawn by the original artist.	[Koblin, Aaron] Googles Creat Lab, San Francisco, CA USA		Shout@AaronKoblin.com						0	0	0	0	3	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-403-4				2009							451	451				1	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education & Educational Research	Computer Science; Education & Educational Research	BQL39	WOS:000281245100101		No			2017-07-02	
B	Krieger, M; Stark, E; Klemmer, SR		Greenberg, S; Hudson, SE; Hinkley, K; RingelMorris, M; Olsen, DR		Krieger, Michel; Stark, Emily; Klemmer, Scott R.			Coordinating Tasks on the Commons: Designing for Personal Goals, Expertise and Serendipity	CHI2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4			English	Proceedings Paper	27th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems	APR 04-09, 2009	Boston, MA	ACM SIGCHI, Autodesk, Google, Microsoft, NSF, eLearn Magazine, interations, Yahoo		Wikipedia; Crowdsourcing; Task management; Social software		How is work created, assigned, and completed on large-scale, crowd-powered systems like Wikipedia? And what design C principles might enable these federated online systems to be more effective? This. paper reports on a qualitative study of work and task practices on Wikipedia. Despite the availability of tag-based community-wide task assignment mechanisms, informants reported that self-directed goals, within-topic expertise, and fortuitous discovery are more frequently used than community-tagged tasks. We examine how Wikipedia editors organize their actions and the actions of other participants, and what implications this has for understanding. and building tools for, crowd-powered systems, or any web site where the main force of production comes from a crowd of online participants. From these observations and insights, we developed WikiTasks, a tool that integrates with Wikipedia and supports both grassroots creation of site-wide tasks and self-selection of personal tasks, accepted from this larger pool of community tasks.	[Krieger, Michel; Stark, Emily; Klemmer, Scott R.] Stanford HCI Grp, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA		mkrieger@cs.stanford.edu; estark@cs.stanford.edu; srk@cs.stanford.edu					ADLER B, 2007, WWW 07 P 16 INT C WO; Allen D., 2003, GETTING THINGS DONE; ALMEIDA R, 2007, P ICWSM DEC; Bellotti V., 2004, P SIGCHI C HUM FACT; BELLOTTI V, 2003, CHI 03 P SIGCHI C HU; Benkler Yochai, 2006, WEALTH NETWORKS SOCI; BESCHASTNIKH I, 2008, ASS ADVANCEMENT ARTI; Bryant SL, 2005, GROUP 05 P 2005 INT; BURIOL L, 2006, P WEB INT DEC; COSLEY D, 2007, IUI 07 P 12 INT C IN; COSLEY D, 2006, CHI 06 P SIGCHI C HU; FORTE A, WHY DO PEOPLE WRITE; GABRILOVICH E, 2007, P 20 INT JOINT C DEC; KITTUR A, 2007, CHI 07 P 25 ANN SIGC; KLEEK M, 2007, P 20 ANN ACM S US IN; KREIFELTS T, 1993, ECSCW 93 P 3 C EUR C; KRIPLEAN T, 2008, P ACM 2008 C COMP SU, P47, DOI DOI 10.1145/1460563.1460573; KUZNETSOV S, 2006, MOTIVATIONS CONTRIBU; Pearce J. L., 1993, VOLUNTEERS ORG BEHAV; RIEHLE D, 2006, WIKISYM 06 P 2006 IN; STALDER F, 2002, FIRST MONDAY, V7, P6; SUH B, 2008, CHI 08 P 26 ANN SIGC; VIEGAS F, 2007, HIDDEN ORDER WIKIPED; VIEGAS F, 2004, CHI 04 P SIGCHI C HU; WATTENBERG M, 2007, LECT NOTES COMPUTER; WHITTAKER S, 1996, CHI 96 P SIGCHI C HU	26	8	8	0	1	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-246-7				2009							1485	1494				10	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Management; Social Issues	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Social Issues	BJG76	WOS:000265679301036		No			2017-07-02	
S	Diao, YX; Jamjoom, H; Loewenstem, D			IEEE	Diao, Yixin; Jamjoom, Hani; Loewenstem, David			Rule-based Problem Classification in IT Service Management	CLOUD: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUD COMPUTING	IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing		English	Proceedings Paper	IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing	SEP 21-25, 2009	Bangalore, INDIA	IEEE			TEXT CATEGORIZATION	Problem management is a critical and expensive element for delivering IT service management and touches various levels of managed IT infrastructure. While problem management has been mostly, reactive, recent work is studying how to leverage large problem ticket information from similar IT infrastructures to probatively, predict the onset of problems. Because of the sheer size and complexity, of problem tickets, supervised learning algorithms have been the method of choice for problem ticket classification, relying on labeled (or pre-classified) tickets from one managed in frastructure to automatically, create signatures for similar infrastructures. However, where there are insufficient pre-classified data, leveraging human expertise to develop classification rules can be more efficient. In this paper, we describe a rule-based crowdsourcing approach, where experts can author classification rules and a social networking-based platform (called xPad) is used to socialize and execute these rules by, large practitioner communities. Using real data sets from several large IT delivery, centers, we demonstrate that this approach balances between two key, criteria: accuracy, and cost effectiveness.	[Diao, Yixin; Jamjoom, Hani; Loewenstem, David] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA	Diao, YX (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 704, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.	diao@us.ibm.com; jamjoom@us.ibm.com; davidloe@us.ibm.com					APTE C, 1994, ACM T INFORM SYST, V12, P233, DOI 10.1145/183422.183423; Ben-David A, 2009, EXPERT SYST APPL, V36, P5264, DOI 10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.071; Bose A, 2008, P IEEE INT C SERV CO, P197; COHEN W, 1998, JOINS GEN TEXT CLASS; Duda R. O., 1973, PATTERN CLASSIFICATI; Joachims T., 2002, LEARNING CLASSIFY TE; Kim SB, 2006, IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN, V18, P1457, DOI 10.1109/TKDE.2006.180; Loewenstern D, 2005, ICAC 2005: Second International Conference on Autonomic Computing, Proceedings, P311; Michalski RS, 1999, INT J HUM-COMPUT ST, V51, P239, DOI 10.1006/ijhc.1979.0308; MITCHELL T, 1985, LEAP LEARNING APPREN; *OFF GOV COMM, 2000, IT INFR LIB ITIL SER; Quinlan J. R., 1986, Machine Learning, V1, P81, DOI 10.1023/A:1022643204877; Quinlan J.R., 1993, C4 5 PROGRAMS MACHIN; Ruiz ME, 2002, INFORM RETRIEVAL, V5, P87, DOI 10.1023/A:1012782908347; SALTON G, 1988, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V24, P513, DOI 10.1016/0306-4573(88)90021-0; TOWELL G, 1990, REFINEMENT APPROXIMA; Witten IH, 2005, DATA MINING PRACTICA; Yu B, 2008, LIT LINGUIST COMPUT, V23, P327, DOI 10.1093/llc/fqn015	18	10	10	1	1	IEEE	NEW YORK	345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA	2159-6182		978-1-4244-5199-9	IEEE INT CONF CLOUD			2009							221	228				8	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Computer Science; Engineering	BNR40	WOS:000275314400032		No			2017-07-02	
B	Jakiela, MJ; Zheng, J			ASME	Jakiela, Mark J.; Zheng, Jing			WEDESIGN: A FORUM-BASED TOOL FOR MANAGING USER-GENERATED CONTENT IN ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT	DETC2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE , VOL 4			English	Proceedings Paper	ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference	AUG 03-06, 2008	New York, NY	ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div				A web forum-based tool for managing user-generated content in engineering design and product development is described. The system is intended to allow a "crowdsourcing" approach, in which large groups perform the work more commonly by individuals. User tests are conducted with an initial implementation, with the system configured in control and "parliamentary" modes. This experiment is done in the setting of a mechanical engineering senior capstone design course. The parliamentary mode is intended to encourage discussion and negotiation among participants, and allows them to design their own work processes. Review of the designs produced together with responses to a survey indicate the system was favorably received, and allowed a group to generate and select concept designs. Future research directions are suggested.	[Jakiela, Mark J.; Zheng, Jing] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Struct Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA	Jakiela, MJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Struct Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.	mjj@seas.wustl.edu; jz2@cec.wustl.edu					Elofson G, 1998, COMMUN ACM, V41, P56, DOI 10.1145/272287.272298; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED, V14; JAKIELA M, 2008, C OP SOURC PROPR MOD; NOYES J, 2008, BOSTON BUSINESS 0310; Ogawa S, 2006, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V47, P65; SAWHNEY N, 2002, TECHKNOWLOGIA; Ulrich K, 2004, PRODUCT DESIGN DEV	7	0	0	0	2	AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS	NEW YORK	THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA			978-0-7918-4328-4				2009							505	514				10	Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical	Engineering	BKP53	WOS:000268879900048		No			2017-07-02	
S	Almendra, V; Schwabe, D		DiNoia, T; Buccafurri, F		Almendra, Vinicius; Schwabe, Daniel			Fraud Detection by Human Agents: A Pilot Study	E-COMMERCE AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	10th International Conference on E-Commerce and Web Technologies	SEP 01-04, 2009	Linz, AUSTRIA			fraud; human computation; e-commerce; classification	REPUTATION SYSTEMS	Fraud is it constant problem for online auction sites. Besides failures in detecting fraudsters, the currently employed methods yield many false positives: bona fide sellers that end up harassed by the auction site as suspects. We advocate the use of human computation (also called crowdsourcing) to improve precision and recall of current fraud detection techniques. To examine the feasibility of our proposal. we did a pilot study with it set of human subjects, testing whether they could distinguish fraudsters from common sellers before negative feedback arrived and looking just at a snapshot of seller profiles. Here we present the methodology used and the obtained results, in terms of precision and recall of human classifiers, showing positive evidence that detecting fraudsters with human computation is viable.	[Almendra, Vinicius; Schwabe, Daniel] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Informat, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil	Almendra, V (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Informat, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.	vinicius.almendra@gmail.com; dschwabe@inf.puc-rio.br		Almendra, Vinicius/0000-0003-2812-370X; Schwabe, Daniel/0000-0003-4347-2940			AHN LV, 2004, C HUM FACT COMP SYST; ALMENDRA V, 2009, LAT AM ALT TRACK 18; ALMENDRA V, 2008, THESIS PUC RIO; BELENKIY M, 2008, 3 INT WORKSH EC NETW; Brabham DC, 2008, CONVERGENCE-US, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; CHAU DH, 2005, EUROPEAN WEB MINING; Siegel S., 2009, TRUST CREDIT; Gavish B., 2006, Electronic Commerce Research, V6, P127, DOI 10.1007/s10660-006-6954-0; GENTRY C, 2005, 6 ACM C EL COMM; Gregg DG, 2008, COMMUN ACM, V51, P69, DOI 10.1145/1330311.1330326; Gregg DG, 2006, INT J ELECTRON COMM, V10, P95, DOI 10.2753/JEC1086-4415100304; *INT CRIM COMPL CT, 2007 INT CRIM REP; Josang A, 2007, DECIS SUPPORT SYST, V43, P618, DOI 10.1016/j.dss.2005.05.019; Kittur A., 2008, 26 ANN SIGCHI C HUM; NIKITKOV A, 2006, ECAIS EUR C ACC INF; PANDIT S, 2007, INT WORLD WID WEB C; Rijsbergen C.J.V, 1979, INFORM RETRIEVAL; SU Q, 2007, 16 INT C WORLD WID W; ZHANG B, 2008, 41 ANN HAW INT C SYS	19	2	2	0	4	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-03963-8	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2009	5692						300	311				12	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BMH33	WOS:000272340900027		No			2017-07-02	
B	Cardoso, M; Ramos, I			ACM	Cardoso, Margarida; Ramos, Isabel			Open Innovation and the Solver Community	GROUP 2009 PROCEEDINGS			English	Proceedings Paper	International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work	MAY 10-13, 2009	Sanibel Isl, FL	ACM SIGCHI		Crowdsourcing innovation; online communities; solvers; crisis	STRATEGY	This paper introduces a doctoral research oil open innovation solver's behavior and group factors inducing it. The research is now finishing its first year and exploratory strategies are developed close to open innovation online Communities. to prepare a systematic methodological approach. Research seeks to understand how solver's patterns of communication and group behavior influence their participation in an open innovation community, through collaborative IT platforms - and how it weights on their innovation production. A second question is about critical factors that influence solvers' participation, due to the present global economical crisis. By designing a model of the solver's group of belonging characteristics and reflecting that on a collaborative platform's functionalities, the project intends to present sonic propositions to case participation in crowdsourcing innovation processes through an online platform being designed and developed at University of Minho.	[Cardoso, Margarida; Ramos, Isabel] Univ Minho, P-4719 Braga, Portugal	Cardoso, M (reprint author), Univ Minho, Campus Azurem Guimaraes, P-4719 Braga, Portugal.	mscardoso301@gmail.com; iramos@dsi.uminho.pt		Ramos, Isabel/0000-0001-8035-4703			AHONEN M, 2007, INNOVATION SERVICES; BECKER M, 2007, AC MAN P; Bercovitz JEL, 2007, RES POLICY, V36, P930, DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2007.03.002; Berends H, 2007, J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE, V24, P314, DOI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2007.09.006; Cardoso M., 2008, WEB 2 0 BUSINESS MOD; Chesbrough H., 2006, OPEN INNOVATION RES; Chesbrough H, 2007, RES TECHNOL MANAGE, V50, P55; Chesbrough HW, 2007, CALIF MANAGE REV, V50, P57; Chesbrough HW, 2003, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V44, P35; Flyvbjerg B, 2006, QUAL INQ, V12, P219, DOI 10.1177/1077800405284363; Gassmann O., 2004, THEORY OPEN INNOVATI; GASSMANN O, 2005, MANAGEMENT MECH NETW; Howe J., 2006, WIRED MAGAZINE, V14; HUANG JC, 2002, 3 C ORG KNOWL UNPUB; Koc T, 2007, TECHNOVATION, V27, P105, DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2005.10.002; Lettl C, 2007, J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE, V24, P53, DOI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2007.01.004; MORGAN T, 2003, BUSINESS RULES INFOR; OECD, 2008, OP INN GLOB NETW; Phelps B, 2007, TECHNOL ANAL STRATEG, V19, P17, DOI 10.1080/09537320601065241; ROHRBECK R, 2008, CREATING OPEN INNOVA; Teddlie C, 2007, J MIX METHOD RES, V1, P77, DOI 10.1177/2345678906292430; TORRO M, 2007, VTT PUBLICATIONS, V631, P30; von Hippel E., 2005, DEMOCRATIZING INNOVA; Wenger E., 1998, COMMUNITIES PRACTICE; Yin R. K., 2003, CASE STUDY RES DESIG	25	1	1	1	6	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-500-0				2009							373	374				2	Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering	Computer Science	BMN31	WOS:000272945600042		No			2017-07-02	
J	Jamjoom, H; Qu, H; Buco, MJ; Hernandez, M; Saha, D; Naghshineh, M				Jamjoom, H.; Qu, H.; Buco, M. J.; Hernandez, M.; Saha, D.; Naghshineh, M.			Crowdsourcing and service delivery	IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT			English	Article								Today, service delivery organizations operate in a highly dynamic, complex, competitive, and globally distributed environment. There is constant pressure to reduce costs and improve performance and quality. Success demands the ability to continuously learn and adapt. Standardization is recognized as essential to reducing variation and, therefore, costs, as well as managing quality. Public frameworks and standards, such as ITIL (R) (Information Technology Infrastructure Library), provide best-practice guidance and a common vocabulary for managing IT (information technology) services. In this paper, we explore the role that social networking and "crowdsourcing" can play in socializing and developing best practices for a service delivery organization. We draw on our experience developing and deploying a social networking application, called Cyano, which is being used by approximately 13,000 IT professionals to capture and maintain day-to-day activities, processes, and artifacts used for problem and change management of several hundred outsourced infrastructures. Cyano is a new breed of social networking enterprise applications, in which crowdsourcing is leveraged to enrich and maintain IT processes and social networks are not created by explicit membership, but rather are implicitly discovered by the type of activities and infrastructure elements that various users support. In this paper, we focus on 1) the architecture of Cyano for supporting social tagging and linkage across different layers of management applications, 2) process customization and governance, and 3) an automated recommendation system that has been well received by thousands of IT professionals. We also highlight research challenges in this space.	[Jamjoom, H.; Qu, H.; Buco, M. J.; Hernandez, M.; Naghshineh, M.] IBM Res Div, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA; [Saha, D.] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Tucson, AZ 85744 USA	Jamjoom, H (reprint author), IBM Res Div, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, 19 Skyline Dr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA.	jamjoom@us.ibm.com; hqu@us.ibm.com; mjbuco@us.ibm.com; miltonh@us.ibm.com; dsaha@us.ibm.com; mahmoud@us.ibm.com					BEA Systems IBM Oracle Primeton Technologies Ltd., SERV DAT OBJ; Brin S, 1998, COMPUT NETWORKS ISDN, V30, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X; Dubinko M., 2006, P 15 INT C WORLD WID, P193, DOI 10.1145/1135777.1135810; Fujiwara K., 2007, IEEE SCC, P83, DOI 10.1109/SCC.2007.35; Howe J., 2008, CROWDSOURCING WHY PO; Jeh G., 2002, P 8 ACM SIGKDD INT C, P538, DOI DOI 10.1145/775047.775126; KAMADA T, 1989, INFORM PROCESS LETT, V31, P7, DOI 10.1016/0020-0190(89)90102-6; Kelly M.B., 2003, J NETW SYST MANAG, V11, P109, DOI 10.1023/A:1022449209526; Klosterboer L., 2008, IMPLEMENTING ITIL CO; Kumar R., 2006, P 12 ACM SIGKDD INT, P611, DOI DOI 10.1145/1150402.1150476; Leskovec J., 2005, P 11 ACM SIGKDD INT, P177, DOI DOI 10.1145/1081870.1081893; Moser S., 2007, IEEE INT C SERV COMP, P98, DOI [10.1109/SCC.2007.22, DOI 10.1109/SCC.2007.22]; Pan J.-Y., 2004, P 10 ACM SIGKDD INT, P653, DOI DOI 10.1145/1014052.1014135; Qu H., 2008, P IEEE INT C SERV CO, P101; Rattenbury T, 2007, P 30 ANN INT ACM SIG, P103, DOI 10.1145/1277741.1277762; Sun J., 2005, P 5 IEEE INT C DAT M, P418; Sun J., 2005, STEEL IRON RES, P48; Surowiecki J, 2005, WISDOM CROWDS; Tong Hanghang, 2006, P 12 ACM SIGKDD INT, P404, DOI DOI 10.1145/1150402.1150448; Viegas F. B., 2007, P 40 ANN HAW INT C S, P78, DOI [DOI 10.1109/HICSS.2007.511, 10.1109/HICSS.2007.511]; Xu Z., 2006, P COLL WEB TAGG WORK; Yang S. J. H., 2007, IEEE SCC, P130, DOI 10.1109/SCC.2007.129; [Anonymous], 2000, ITIL KEY MANAGING IT; [Anonymous], 2007, ITIL DESIGN GUIDELIN	24	0	0	2	22	IBM CORP	ARMONK	1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA	0018-8646			IBM J RES DEV	IBM J. Res. Dev.		2009	53	6							12	10.1147/JRD.2009.5429040		10	Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	V22EQ	WOS:000208258900012		No			2017-07-02	
B	Berland, M; Rand, W	Filipe, J	Fred, A		Berland, Matthew; Rand, William	Filipe, J		PARTICIPATORY SIMULATION AS A TOOL FOR AGENT-BASED SIMULATION	ICAART 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE			English	Proceedings Paper	1st International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence	JAN 19-21, 2009	Inst Syst & Technol Informat, Control & Commun, Porto, PORTUGAL	Workflow Management Coalit, Assoc Adv Artificial Intelligence, Special Interest Grp Artificial Intelligence	Inst Syst & Technol Informat, Control & Commun	Participatory simulation; Agent-based model; Agent-based simulation; Complex systems learning		Participatory simulation, as described by Wilensky & Stroup (1999c), is a form of agent-based simulation in which multiple humans control or design individual agents in the simulation. For instance, in a participatory simulation of an ecosystem, fifty participants might each control the intake and output of one agent, such that the food web emerges from the interactions of the human-controlled agents. We argue that participatory simulation has been under-utilized outside of strictly educational contexts, and that it provides myriad benefits to designers of traditional agent-based simulations. These benefits include increased robustness of the model, increased comprehensibility of the findings, and simpler design of individual agent behaviors. To make this argument, we look to recent research such as that from crowdsourcing (von Ahn, 2005) and the reinforcement learning of autonomous agent behavior (Abbeel, 2008).	[Berland, Matthew] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Comp Sci, ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Rand, William] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA	Berland, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Comp Sci, ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA.	mberland@cs.texas.edu; wrand@umd.edu					Abbeel P., 2008, THESIS STANFORD; Bar-Yam Y, 1997, DYNAMICS COMPLEX SYS; Berland M., 2008, THESIS NW U EVANSTON; Colella V, 2000, J LEARN SCI, V9, P471, DOI 10.1207/S15327809JLS0904_4; diSessa A. A., 2000, CHANGING MINDS COMPU; GRIFFIN WA, 2006, BIOL THEORY, V1; HEARST MA, 2008, IEEE INTELLIGENT JUL, P18; KAHNEMAN D, 1973, PSYCHOL REV, V80, P237, DOI 10.1037/h0034747; KLOPFER E, 2005, ENV DETECTIVES DEV A; Latour B, 1987, SCI ACTION FOLLOW SC; Ng A. Y., 2000, P 17 INT C MACH LEAR; Parker DC, 2003, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V93, P314, DOI 10.1111/1467-8306.9302004; *PEW RES, 2008, TEENS VID GAM CIV TE; SQUIRE K, 2004, INSIGHT, V1, P5; von Ahn L., 2005, THESIS CARNEGIE MELL; Ahn L. Von, 2008, RECAPTCHA HUMAN BASE, P1465; Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, 2008, WIK FREE ENC; Wilensky U, 2006, COGNITION INSTRUCT, V24, P171, DOI 10.1207/s1532690xci2402_1; Wilensky U., 1997, NETLOGO ANTS MODEL; Wilensky U., 1999, HUBNET; Wilensky U., 1999, NETLOGO HUBNET GRIDL; Wilensky U, 1999, LEARNING PARTICIPATO; WILENSKY U, 1993, THESIS CAMBRIDGE MA; *WIR, 2007, WHAT DOES CROWDS REA; Wolfram S., 2002, NEW KIND SCI	25	2	2	0	2	INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION	SETUBAL	AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL			978-989-8111-66-1				2009							553	+				2	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering	Computer Science	BJS03	WOS:000267058000084		No			2017-07-02	
B	Carter, CL		Bergendahl, MN; Grimheden, M; Leifer, L; Skogstad, P; Clarkson, J		Carter, Carissa L.			EMERGENT DESIGN METHODOLOGIES AND IMPLICATIONS	ICED 09 - THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, VOL 1: DESIGN PROCESSES			English	Proceedings Paper	17th International Conference on Engineering Design	AUG 24-27, 2009	Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA	Stanford Univ, Ctr Design Res, Design Soc	Stanford Univ	emergent design; storytelling; empathy; ethnography; methodology; crowdsourcing		Emergent design is a crowdsourcing toolset for designers doing ethnographic user research on large-scale, multi-user, multi-continent design challenges. In contrast to traditional user research studies that include small numbers of in-depth ethnographies, emergent design aims to access the same quality of rich insights by acquiring small pieces of qualitative information from millions of people around the world, synthesizing responses, and deriving design inspiration from emergent properties of the collective. This paper presents the concept of emergence as it relates to design, the new class of design problem that inspired the development of this toolset, and its major components, methodologies, and an initial pilot project.	Stanford Univ, Design Div, Stanford, CA 94305 USA	Carter, CL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Design Div, 74 Barnes Ct 801, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.	carissa.carter@gmail.com					Arkin R. C., 1999, BEHAV BASED ROBOTICS; Axelrod R, 1984, EVOLUTION COOPERATIO; Dubberly H, 2008, ANAL SYNTHESIS BRIDG; Gero JS, 1996, KNOWL-BASED SYST, V9, P435, DOI 10.1016/S0950-7051(96)01054-4; Kelly K, 1994, OUT CONTROL; The National Academy of Engineering, GRAND CHALL ENG; Reynolds, 1987, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, V21, P25, DOI DOI 10.1145/37402.37406; Ronald EMA, 1999, ARTIF LIFE, V5, P225, DOI 10.1162/106454699568755; Saunders R., 2000, ART INT DES C; Wheeler William Morton, 1928, EMERGENT EVOLUTION D	10	0	0	0	0	DESIGN SOCIETY	GLASGOW	UNIV STRATHCLYDE, DMEM, 75 MONTROSE ST, GLASGOW, GI 1XJ, ENGLAND			978-1-904670-05-6				2009							551	557				7	Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science	Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science	BZL66	WOS:000301952000048		No			2017-07-02	
B	Chapotot, E; Robin, V; Legardeur, J; Girard, P		Bergendahl, MN; Grimheden, M; Leifer, L; Skogstad, P; Cantamessa, M		Chapotot, Emilie; Robin, Vincent; Legardeur, Jeremy; Girard, Philippe			MANAGING DESIGN SYSTEM EVOLUTIOIN: A PARTICULAR APPROACH BASED ON CROWDSOURCING FOR THE USAGE LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT APPROACH (ULM)	ICED 09 - THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, VOL 3: DESIGN ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT			English	Proceedings Paper	17th International Conference on Engineering Design	AUG 24-27, 2009	Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA	Stanford Univ, Ctr Design Res, Design Soc	Stanford Univ	Usage in Design; Performance in Design; Usage Lifeycle Management; Crowdsourcing	ENGINEERING DESIGN; FRAMEWORK; KNOWLEDGE; INFORMATION	Today the success of companies depends on their ability to design innovative products. This point implies to manage not only product/process data to follow design system evolution but also to foster interactions and control the collaboration among the different stakeholders involved in the different design projects. In this paper, we define the performance indicators which are impacting the performance of the design projects. They are changing all the time and provide an evolutionary vision of the system. They could be identified in the system or during the upstream or downstream phases of the product lifecycle. Especially we focus here on the performance indicators of the downstream phases (utilization, maintenance, recycling). We propose the UML approach (for Usage Lifecycle Management) to manage product information related to product usage context. This approach is supported by an external platform collecting and valorizing usage information from the different stakeholders such as customer, retailer or employees. This web 2.0 platform is developed with a crowdsourcing approach to collect information in a multi-users, multi-products and multi-companies network.			e.chapotot@estia.fr					Boztepe S, 2007, DES STUD, V28, P513, DOI 10.1016/j.destud.2007.02.010; Chang DR, 2008, J BUS RES, V61, P13, DOI 10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.05.005; Chen C-J, 2008, MEDIATING ROLE KNOWL, DOI [10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.11.016, DOI 10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2007.11.016]; Chen HH, 2008, COMPUT IND, V59, P242, DOI 10.1016/j.compind.2007.06.020; Girard P, 2006, COMPUT IND, V57, P817, DOI 10.1016/j.compind.2006.04.016; Gonnet S, 2007, EXPERT SYST APPL, V33, P881, DOI 10.1016/j.eswa.2006.07.004; Hicks BJ, 2002, INT J INFORM MANAGE, V22, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0268-4012(02)00012-9; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED, V14; Green W.S., 1999, HUMAN FACTORS PRODUC; Lederberg J, 1990, EXCITEMENT FASCINA 1, VIII; Legardeur J., 2007, J DESIGN RES, V6, P1; ODONNELL FJO, 1999, INT C ENG DES ICED 9; Patanakul P., 2008, J HIGH TECHNOLOGY MA, V18, P118, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.HITECH.2007.12.006; Pierrault J, 1989, ESSAI MACHINES COMMU; Quarante D., 1994, ELEMENTS DESIGN IND; Robin V., 2007, COMPLEX SYSTEMS CONC; Robin V, 2007, COMPUT IND, V58, P188, DOI 10.1016/j.compind.2006.09.006; Saaksvuori A., 2004, PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MA; Sagot J.C., 1998, INT J DESIGN INNOVAT, V1, P22; B Soudoplatoff, 2006, WEB 2 0; Sperandio S., 2007, P INT C ENG DES ICED; Sudarsan R, 2005, COMPUT AIDED DESIGN, V37, P1399, DOI 10.1016/j.cad.2005.02.010; Sudarsan R., 2007, COMPUT AIDED DESIGN, DOI [10.1016/j.cad.2007.06.012, DOI 10.1016/J.CAD.2007.06.012]; Tarondeau J.C., 1993, STRATEGIE IND; Vallette T, 2005, THESIS ECOLE NATL SU; Yang HL, 2008, TECHNOL FORECAST SOC, V75, P1128, DOI 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.11.008	26	0	0	0	3	DESIGN SOC	GLASGOW	UNIV STRATHCLYDE, DMEM, 75 MONTROSE ST, GLASGOW, GI 1XJ, ENGLAND			978-1-904670-07-0				2009							297	308				12	Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science	Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science	BZS25	WOS:000302734700026		No			2017-07-02	
S	Ramos, I; Cardoso, M; Carvalho, JV; Graca, JI		Dhillon, G; Stahl, BC; Baskerville, R		Ramos, Isabel; Cardoso, Margarida; Carvalho, Joao Vidal; Graca, Jose Ismael			An Action Research on Open Knowledge and Technology Transfer	INFORMATION SYSTEMS - CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES	IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology		English	Proceedings Paper	IFIP Conference on the Role of IS in Leveraging the Intelligence and Creativity of SMEs (CreativeSME 2009)	JUN 21-24, 2009	Univ Minho, Guimaraes, PORTUGAL	IFIP WG 8 2	Univ Minho		OPEN INNOVATION; NETWORKS; PERSPECTIVE; FIRMS	R&D has always been considered a strategic asset of companies. Traditionally, companies that have their own R&D function are better prepared to compete in the globalized economy because they are able to produce the knowledge and technology required to advance products and services. SMEs also need to become highly innovative and competitive in order to be successful. Nevertheless, their ability to have an internal R&D function that effectively meets their innovation needs is usually very weak. Open innovation provides access to a vast amount of new ideas and technologies at lower costs than closed innovation. This paper presents an action research study being carried out at University of Minho to develop a business model and technology platform for an innovation brokering service connecting ideas and technologies being developed at Universities with the specific innovation needs of SMEs. The expected contributions of the study include the empirical investigation of the effectiveness and risks of crowdsourcing innovation when applied in the socioeconomic context of a European developing country where SMEs represent 99,6% of the businesses.	[Ramos, Isabel; Cardoso, Margarida; Carvalho, Joao Vidal] Univ Minho, P-4719 Braga, Portugal				Ramos, Isabel/0000-0001-8035-4703			AHONEN M, 2007, INNOVATION SERVICES; Arora A., 2002, MARKETS TECHNOLOGY E; Baskerville RL, 1996, J INFORM TECHNOL, V11, P235; Bock GW, 2005, MIS QUART, V29, P87; BOURDIEU Pierre, 2001, RAZOES PRATICAS TEOR; Bowonder B, 2005, RES TECHNOL MANAGE, V48, P51; BRESSAND A, 1995, PLANETE RELATIONELLE; Chesbrough H, 2006, R&D MANAGE, V36, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00428.x; Chesbrough H., 2006, OPEN INNOVATION RES; Chesbrough H, 2007, RES TECHNOL MANAGE, V50, P55; Chesbrough HW, 2003, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V44, P35; COHEN WM, 1990, ADMIN SCI QUART, V35, P128, DOI 10.2307/2393553; Coombs R, 2003, IND CORP CHANGE, V12, P1125, DOI 10.1093/icc/12.6.1125; Dal Fiore F, 2007, AM BEHAV SCI, V50, P857, DOI 10.1177/0002764206298311; DiMaggio P, 1997, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V23, P263, DOI 10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.263; ELDEN M, 1993, HUM RELAT, V46, P121, DOI 10.1177/001872679304600201; Flick U., 2005, METODOS QUALITATIVOS; Foth M., 2006, ACTION RES, V4, P205, DOI 10.1177/1476750306063992; Fowles S., 2005, STRATEGY LEADERSHIP, V33, P46, DOI DOI 10.1108/10878570510608040; GASSMANN O, 2005, EUR AC MAN EURAM 200; Gobo G., 2008, DOING ETHNOGRAPHY; Granovetter M, 2005, J ECON PERSPECT, V19, P33, DOI 10.1257/0895330053147958; KLINE SJ, 1985, RES MANAGE, V28, P36; Lassila O, 2007, IEEE INTERNET COMPUT, V11, P90, DOI 10.1109/MIC.2007.52; Laursen K, 2006, STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V27, P131, DOI 10.1002/smj.507; Lehaney B., 2004, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT; Lin N., 2001, SOCIAL CAPITAL THEOR; LOONG W, 2008, COMPUTER MEDIATED RE, P176; Lundvall BA, 1988, TECHNICAL CHANGE EC; Magalhaes R., 2004, ORG KNOWLEDGE TECHNO; MITCHELL JC, 1974, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V3, P279, DOI 10.1146/annurev.an.03.100174.001431; Moitra D, 2004, RES TECHNOL MANAGE, V47, P32; Nieto MJ, 2007, TECHNOVATION, V27, P367, DOI 10.1016/j.technovation.2006.10.001; Perkmann M, 2007, INT J MANAG REV, V9, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00225.x; Perrons RK, 2004, IND MANAGE DATA SYST, V104, P624, DOI 10.1108/02635570410550287; Powell WW, 1996, ADMIN SCI QUART, V41, P116, DOI 10.2307/2393988; Quinn JB, 2000, SLOAN MANAGE REV, V41, P13; TORRO M, 2007, FACILITATING EMERGEN; Von Hippel E., 1988, SOURCES INNOVATION; Wellman B., 2002, LITTLE BOXES GLOCALI; Yin R. K., 2003, CASE STUDY RES DESIG	41	5	5	0	12	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	1868-4238		978-3-642-02387-3	IFIP ADV INF COMM TE			2009	301						211	223		10.1007/978-3-642-02388-0_15		13	Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Management	Business & Economics; Computer Science	BLY16	WOS:000271405400015		No			2017-07-02	
S	Eagle, N	Aykin, N			Eagle, Nathan	Aykin, N		txteagle: Mobile Crowdsourcing	INTERNATIONALIZATION, DESIGN AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, PROCEEDINGS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	3rd International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Decelopment held at the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction	JUL 19-24, 2009	San Diego, CA			crowdsourcing; mobile phones; appropriate technology; reputation systems		We present txteagle, a system that enables people to earn small amounts of money by completing simple tasks on their mobile phone for corporations who pay them in either airtime or MPESA (mobile money). The system is currently being launched in Kenya and Rwanda in collaboration with the mobile phone service providers Safaricom and MTN Rwanda. Tasks include translation, transcription, and surveys. User studies in Nairobi involving high school students, taxi drivers, and local security guards have been completed and the service has recently launched in Kenya nationwide.	MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA	Eagle, N (reprint author), MIT, Media Lab, E-15 383, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.	nathan@mit.edua					Albert PS, 2004, BIOMETRICS, V60, P427, DOI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00187.x; Dawid A P, 1979, APPL STAT, V28, P20, DOI DOI 10.2307/2346806; Sheng V., 2008, P KDD; Singh P., 2002, P AAAI SPRING S ACQ; Smyth P., 1994, NIPS, P1085; Snow R., 2008, P C EMP METH NAT LAN, P254, DOI 10.3115/1613715.1613751; WIEBE JM, 1999, P ACL; 2008, OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER; EXPLOITATION GLOBALI	9	34	34	0	8	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-02766-6	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2009	5623						447	456				10	Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BKT52	WOS:000269191600050		No			2017-07-02	
J	Bradley, JC; Lancashire, RJ; Lang, ASID; Williams, AJ				Bradley, Jean-Claude; Lancashire, Robert J.; Lang, Andrew S. I. D.; Williams, Antony J.			The Spectral Game: leveraging Open Data and crowdsourcing for education	JOURNAL OF CHEMINFORMATICS			English	Article								We report on the implementation of the Spectral Game, a web-based game where players try to match molecules to various forms of interactive spectra including 1D/2D NMR, Mass Spectrometry and Infrared spectra. Each correct selection earns the player one point and play continues until the player supplies an incorrect answer. The game is usually played using a web browser interface, although a version has been developed in the virtual 3D environment of Second Life. Spectra uploaded as Open Data to ChemSpider in JCAMP-DX format are used for the problem sets together with structures extracted from the website. The spectra are displayed using JSpecView, an Open Source spectrum viewing applet which affords zooming and integration. The application of the game to the teaching of proton NMR spectroscopy in an undergraduate organic chemistry class and a 2D Spectrum Viewer are also presented.	[Bradley, Jean-Claude] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Lancashire, Robert J.] Univ W Indies, Dept Chem, Kingston 7, Jamaica; [Lang, Andrew S. I. D.] Oral Roberts Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Math, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA; [Williams, Antony J.] ChemZoo Inc, Wake Forest, NC 27587 USA	Bradley, JC (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, 32nd & Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.	bradlejc@drexel.edu; robert.lancashire@uwimona.edu.jm; alang@oru.edu; antony.williams@chemspider.com	Williams, Antony/C-3089-2009; Lancashire, Robert/B-1049-2008	Williams, Antony/0000-0002-2668-4821; Lancashire, Robert/0000-0002-6780-3903; Bradley, Jean-Claude/0000-0001-7144-4846; Lang, Andrew/0000-0002-9922-1414			Bohannon J, 2009, WIRED           0517, P1705; Boyd SL, 2007, J CHEM EDUC, V84, P619; Bradley JC, FRIENDFEED 2 LIFE CH; Bradley JC, WINTER 09 TERM POSTM; Bradley JC, NMR GAME 2 LIFE; Bradley JC, 2007, SAM CHEM SOC M MARCH; Campbell S, 2002, J CHEM EDUC, V79, P458; Capps K, 2008, J CHEM EDUC, V85, P518; Costa MJ, 2007, J CHEM EDUC, V84, P977; Crute TD, 2000, J CHEM EDUC, V77, P481; Erdik E, 2003, J CHEM EDUC, V80, P428; Golotvin SS, 2007, MAGN RESON CHEM, V45, P803, DOI 10.1002/mrc.2034; Grabowski JJ, 2003, J CHEM EDUC, V80, P967; Granath PL, 1999, J CHEM EDUC, V80, P428; Helser TL, 2003, J CHEM EDUC, V80, P414; Keck MV, 2000, J CHEM EDUC, V77, P483; Koether M, 2003, J CHEM EDUC, V80, P421; Lancashire RJ, 2007, CHEM CENT J, V1, DOI 10.1186/1752-153X-1-31; ASID Lang, ORAC REZZER; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), NIST CHEM WEBB; Nowosielski DA, 2007, J CHEM EDUC, V84, P239; Pendarvis R, 1998, CHEM ED, V3, P1; Russell JV, 1999, J CHEM EDUC, V76, P481; Russell JV, 1999, J CHEM EDUC, V76, P487; Sandler B, 1995, ORGANIC CHEM GAME; Welsh MJ, 2003, J CHEM EDUC, V80, P426; White B, CELL PHONE ORGANIC C; [Anonymous], WHYV SPECTR GAM; Williams AJ, WHY ARE SPECTRA YOUT; Williams AJ, UPLOADING SPECTRA ON; [Anonymous], 2009, GAME DRAMATICALLY OU; [Anonymous], JSPECVIEW SOURCEFORG; [Anonymous], SPECTRAL GAME WIKI; [Anonymous], FUNTRIVIA INFRARED S; [Anonymous], PACIFIC LUTHERAN FTN	35	13	13	3	30	BIOMED CENTRAL LTD	LONDON	236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND	1758-2946			J CHEMINFORMATICS	J. Cheminformatics		2009	1								9	10.1186/1758-2946-1-9		10	Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications	Chemistry; Computer Science	V21QM	WOS:000208222100009	20298527	gold			2017-07-02	
B	Alonso, O; Mizzaro, S		Sanderson, M; Zhai, CX; Zobel, J; Allan, J; Aslam, JA		Alonso, Omar; Mizzaro, Stefano			Relevance Criteria for E-Commerce: A Crowdsourcing-based Experimental Analysis	PROCEEDINGS 32ND ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL			English	Proceedings Paper	32nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval	JUL 19-23, 2009	Boston, MA	ACM SIGIR, Microsoft Res, Yahoo, Google, IBM Res, Sun		IR evaluation; relevance; relevance criteria; user study	OF-THE-LITERATURE; INFORMATION-SCIENCE; FRAMEWORK; THINKING; NOTION	We discuss the concept of relevance criteria in the context of e-Commerce search. A vast body of research literature describes the beyond-topical criteria used to determine the relevance of the document to the need. We argue that in an e-Commerce scenario there are some differences, and novel and different criteria can be used to determine relevance. We experimentally validate this hypothesis by means of Amazon Mechanical Turk using a crowdsourcing approach.	[Alonso, Omar] A9 Com, Palo Alto, CA USA	Alonso, O (reprint author), A9 Com, Palo Alto, CA USA.	oralonso@gmail.com; mizzaro@dimi.uniud.it					Alonso Omar, 2008, SIGIR Forum, V42, P9, DOI 10.1145/1480506.1480508; Barry CL, 1998, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V34, P219, DOI 10.1016/S0306-4573(97)00078-2; Kittur A, 2008, CHI 2008: 26TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, P453; Mizzaro S, 1997, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V48, P810, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199709)48:9<810::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-U; Saracevic T, 2007, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V58, P2126, DOI 10.1002/asi.20681; Saracevic T, 2007, J AM SOC INF SCI TEC, V58, P1915, DOI 10.1002/asi.20682	6	4	4	0	2	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-483-6				2009							760	761		10.1145/1571941.1572115		2	Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BLT26	WOS:000270976500147		No			2017-07-02	
B	Souza, L; Ramos, I; Esteves, J		Bolisani, E; Scarso, E		Souza, Lieda; Ramos, Isabel; Esteves, Jose			Managing Risks of Crowdsourcing Innovation: an Action Research in Progress	PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT , VOLS 1 AND 2			English	Proceedings Paper	10th European Conference on Knowledge Management	SEP 03-04, 2009	Univ Degli Studi Padova, Vicenza, ITALY		Univ Degli Studi Padova	Open innovation; risk management; crowdsourcing innovation; crowdsourcing		Over the last few years, a number of academics and practitioners have emphasized the value of innovation as a main driver for firms to enhance their business performance and sustain a high profitability. Recent studies of innovation have pointed to the growing relevance of external sources of innovation and the firm's necessity of involving a wide range of internal and external actors and sources to help achieving and sustaining its business strategy. The company can become more innovative by implementing a process of cocreation. It can do this in two ways (1) by internally identifying the business problems and needs for innovation felt by individuals, teams and organizational units (seekers) and furthering the emergence of a community of specialists (within or outside the organization), or employees motivated to provide their knowledge and skills to address innovation problems, increasing their internal visibility and ensuring their empowerment across the company (solvers); (2) by placing its innovation problems and needs to a brokering service that can find the right people to present solutions. These two forms of open innovation is called Crowdsourcing Innovation. Innovation brings risks. Risk of Financial loss or of being unsuccessful. If innovation requires business or organizational change, the risk is even bigger because innovation implies newness and unknown. Any company that innovates must face the inherent risks. Facing the risks requires that the company manages them, understanding in advance their nature and impact, monitoring the relevant indicators to anticipate their occurrence, and being ready to act immediately at the first signs of trouble. The innovating company should consider managing risks as one of its core competences. Without this capability, any innovation project can become an opportunity to dramatically fail the business objectives and sustainability. Steady progress has been made over the last years in understanding open innovation strategy. This paper adds to that effort by focusing a specific form of open innovation - crowdsourcing innovation - and describing an action research in progress to develop a method to identify the risks involved and to manage them in technology-based companies.	[Souza, Lieda; Ramos, Isabel] Univ Minho, P-4719 Braga, Portugal		lieda@dsi.uminho.pt; iramos@dsi.uminho.pt; jose.esteves@ie.edu		Ramos, Isabel/0000-0001-8035-4703			Ahuja G, 2001, STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V22, P521, DOI 10.1002/smj.176; Aiello F, 2005, APPL ECON LETT, V12, P625, DOI 10.1080/13504850500119112; Arakji Reina Y, 2007, Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, V38, DOI 10.1145/1314234.1314242; Arora A., 2001, MARKETS TECHNOLOGY; Byrd Jacqueline, 2003, INNOVATION EQUATION; Chesbrough H, 2004, RES TECHNOL MANAGE, V47, P23; Chesbrough H, 2003, CALIF MANAGE REV, V45, P33; Chesbrough HW, 2003, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V44, P35; Chesbrough H. W., 2003, OPEN INNOVATION NEW; Cobbenhagen J, 2000, SUCCESSFUL INNOVATIO; DARLINGTON A, 2001, SAFE IS ENOUGH INTRO; Enkel E., 2005, European Management Journal, V23, P203, DOI 10.1016/j.emj.2005.02.005; Gassman O., 2004, THEORY OPEN INNOVATI; Henkel J, 2006, RES POLICY, V35, P953, DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.010; Howe Jeff, 2006, WIRED, V14; Kirschbaum R, 2005, RES TECHNOL MANAGE, V48, P24; NAUMES W, 1994, INT J VALUE BASED MA, P3; *RISK MAN STAND AS, 2004, 436019992004 ASNZS R; Thomke S, 2001, HARVARD BUS REV, V79, P66; Tidd J., 2005, MANAGING INNOVATION; VONHIPPEL E, 2003, ORG SCI, V2	21	0	0	1	20	ACADEMIC CONFERENCES LTD	NR READING	CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND			978-1-906638-39-9				2009							837	844				8	Information Science & Library Science; Management	Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics	BMZ72	WOS:000273995300095		No			2017-07-02	
J	Yan, TX; Marzilli, M; Holmes, R; Ganesan, D; Corner, M			ACM	Yan, Tingxin; Marzilli, Matt; Holmes, Ryan; Ganesan, Deepak; Corner, Mark			Demo Abstract: mCrowd - A Platform for Mobile Crowdsourcing	SENSYS 09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH ACM CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED NETWORKED SENSOR SYSTEMS			English	Proceedings Paper	7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SENSYS)	NOV 04-06, 2009	Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA	Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGARCH, ACM SIGBED, ACM SIGCOMM, ACM SIGMETR, ACM SIGMOBILE, ACM SIGOPS, Nokia	Univ Calif	Crowdsourcing; Mobile Sensing; Mechanical Turk		Crowdsourcing is a new paradigm for utilizing the power of "crowds" of people to facilitate large scale tasks that are costly or time consuming with traditional methods. Crowdsourcing has enormous potential that can be truly unleashed when extended to sensor-rich mobile devices, such as smart phones. In this paper, we demonstrate mCrowd, an iPhone based mobile crowdsourcing platform that enables mobile users to post and work on sensor-related crowdsourcing tasks. mCrowd enables mobile users to fully utilize the rich sensors equipped with iPhone to participate and accomplish crowdsourcing tasks at fingertips, including geolocation-aware image collection, image tagging, road traffic monitoring, and others.	[Yan, Tingxin; Marzilli, Matt; Holmes, Ryan; Ganesan, Deepak; Corner, Mark] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA	Yan, TX (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.	yan@cs.umass.edu; mmarzill@cs.umass.edu; rholmes@cs.umass.edu; dganesan@cs.umass.edu; mcorner@cs.umass.edu					Miluzzo E, 2008, SENSYS'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH ACM CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED NETWORKED SENSOR SYSTEMS, P337; von Ahn L., 2008, SCIENCE          AUG	2	10	10	0	1	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-748-6				2009							347	348				2	Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications	Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications	BA1PZ	WOS:000332845200048		No			2017-07-02	
S	Kern, R; Zirpins, C; Agarwal, S		Feuerlicht, G; Lamersdorf, W		Kern, Robert; Zirpins, Christian; Agarwal, Sudhir			Managing Quality of Human-Based eServices	SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING - ICSOC 2008 WORKSHOPS	Lecture Notes in Computer Science		English	Proceedings Paper	6th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing	DEC 01-05, 2008	Sydney, AUSTRALIA			Crowdsourcing; Human-based eServices; QoS Management		Modern business strategies consider Web-based outsourcing of microjobs to the masses. Respective business activities are however difficult to manage. Traditional approaches of covering human tasks in business processes build on assumptions of limited process scale and closed organizational models that are not valid in crowdsourcing scenarios. Web services have been proposed as a means to represent human tasks that allow leveraging interaction, brokerage and composition capabilities of SOC for human interaction management. In this paper we argue that crowdsourcing requires considering qualitative constraints and sketch a platform for managing the quality of human-based eServices.	[Kern, Robert; Zirpins, Christian; Agarwal, Sudhir] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Serv, Res Inst, Karlsruhe, Germany	Kern, R (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Serv, Res Inst, Karlsruhe, Germany.	robert.kern@ksri.uni-karlsruhe.de; christian.zirpins@ksri.uni-karlsruhe.de; sudhir.agarval@ksri.uni-karlsruhe.de					Agrawal A., 2007, WEB SERVICES HUMAN T; Brabham DC, 2008, CONVERGENCE-US, V14, P75, DOI DOI 10.1177/1354856507084420; MALESHKOVA M, 2008, FUT INT S FIS 2008 O; PONTIN J, 2007, NY TIMES        0325; SILBERMAN S, 2007, WIRED MAGAZINE  0724; Sycara K., 2003, J WEB SEMANT, V1, P27, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.WEB-SEM.2003.07.002	6	6	6	0	0	SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN	BERLIN	HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY	0302-9743		978-3-642-01246-4	LECT NOTES COMPUT SC			2009	5472						304	309				6	Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Computer Science	BJI36	WOS:000266107600027		No			2017-07-02	
J	Albors, J; Ramos, JC; Hervasa, JL				Albors, J.; Ramos, J. C.; Hervasa, J. L.			New learning network paradigms: Communities of objectives, crowdsourcing, wikis and open source	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT			English	Article						networks; communities; virtual groups	OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE; INNOVATION; SYSTEMS; KNOWLEDGE; SCIENCE; ISSUES	This paper analyzes the new learning and network collaboration paradigms, their motivation and consequences. The origins of these practices are traced to the development of the Internet and the impact of globalization. The paper analyzes their advantages and the factors which have led to their development. Three contexts or diverse points of view have been followed: academic and scientific, business and social. The paper aims to develop and propose a taxonomy of these practices according to certain variables related to communication, social interaction, information, intellectual property, knowledge access and values. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	[Albors, J.; Hervasa, J. L.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Depto Org Empresas, Valencia 46022, Spain; [Ramos, J. C.] Knowledge Associates, Avanzalis, Barcelona 08007, Spain	Albors, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Depto Org Empresas, Camino Vera SN, Valencia 46022, Spain.	jalbors@doe.upv.es					Adams E., 2000, J KNOWLEDGE MANAGEME, V4, P38, DOI DOI 10.1108/13673270010315939; Allio R., 2004, STRATEGY LEADERSHIP, V32, P4, DOI DOI 10.1108/10878570410547643; ARGYRIS C, 1976, ADMIN SCI QUART, V21, P363, DOI 10.2307/2391848; ARGYRIS C, 1992, ORG LEARNING, P67; Bafoutsou G, 2002, INT J INFORM MANAGE, V22, P281, DOI 10.1016/S0268-4012(02)00013-0; BANDURA A, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P191, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191; Battelle J., 2005, SEARCH GOOGLE ITS RI; BERNARD PE, 2006, WORKING PAPER DCB, V15, P6; Bessant J, 1999, TECHNOVATION, V19, P373, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4972(99)00025-5; Bessant J., 1992, CREATIVITY INNOVATIO, V1, P59; Bos N, 2007, J COMPUT-MEDIAT COMM, V12; BOUQUET MM, 2006, PROFILING EUROPEAN B; Brown JS, 1991, ORGAN SCI, V2, P40, DOI 10.1287/orsc.2.1.40; BRUNS A, 2007, P 6 C ASS COMP MACH; Chesbrough H., 2007, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V48, P21; Chesbrough HW, 1996, HARVARD BUS REV, V74, P65; Chesbrough HW, 2003, MIT SLOAN MANAGE REV, V44, P34; Chompalov I, 1999, SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL, V24, P338; CHRISTOPHER M, 2001, INTERNET HIGHER ED, V4, P45; CIFOLLI A, 2003, 1 MONDAY, V8; CLARKE P, 2000, P 3 C PRACT ASP KNOW; Crawford W, 2006, ECONTENT, V29, P44; Cummings JN, 2005, SOC STUD SCI, V35, P703, DOI 10.1177/03061270505535; Dahlander L, 2005, RES POLICY, V34, P481, DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2005.02.003; Dalle JM, 2003, RES POLICY, V32, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00003-3; Davidow W. 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M., 1990, SLOAN MANAGEMENT FAL, P7; SHADBOLT N, 2006, IEEE INTELL SYST APP, V6, P1541; STENMARK D, 2002, P 35 ANN HAW INT C S, V4, P104; STEVE R, 2006, ADVERTISING AGE, V77, P35; Tapscott D, 2006, WIKINOMICS MASS COLL; Viegas FB, 2004, CHI 2004 P SIGCHI C, V6, P575, DOI DOI 10.1145/985692.985765; VISE D, 2005, GEOGLE STORY INSIDE; von Hippel E, 2003, ORGAN SCI, V14, P209, DOI 10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992; von Hippel E., 2005, DEMOCRATIZING INNOVA; Wenger E, 2000, ORGANIZATION, V7, P225, DOI 10.1177/135050840072002; Wenger EC, 2000, HARVARD BUS REV, V78, P139	75	53	54	10	77	ELSEVIER SCI LTD	OXFORD	THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND	0268-4012			INT J INFORM MANAGE	Int. J. Inf. Manage.	JUN	2008	28	3					194	202		10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2007.09.006		9	Information Science & Library Science	Information Science & Library Science	322DH	WOS:000257354900006		No			2017-07-02	
J	Agerfalk, PJ; Fitzgerald, B				Agerfalk, Par J.; Fitzgerald, Brian			Outsourcing to an unknown workforce: Exploring opensourcing as a global sourcing strategy	MIS QUARTERLY			English	Article						open source; opensourcing; offshoring; outsourcing; global software development; crowdsourcing; multi-method research	OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT; SUCCESS; ORGANIZATION; COMMUNITIES; KNOWLEDGE; TEAMS	This paper presents a psychological contract perspective on the use of the open source development model as a global sourcing strategy-opensourcing, as we term it here-whereby commercial companies and open source communities collaborate on development of software of commercial interest to the company. Building on previous research on information systems outsourcing, a theoretical framework for exploring the opensourcing phenomenon is derived. The first phase of the research concerned qualitative case studies involving three commercial organizations (IONA Technologies, Philips Medical Systems, and Telefonica) that had "liberated" what had hitherto been proprietary software and sought to grow a global open source community around their product We followed this with a large-scale survey in volving additional exemplars of the phenomenon. The study identifies a number of symmetrical and complementary customer and community obligations that are associated with opensourcing success. We also identify a number of tension points on which customer and community perceptions tend to vary. Overall the key watchwords for opensourcing are openness, trust, tact, professionalism, transparency, and complementariness: The customer and community need to establish a trusted partnership of shared responsibility in building an overall opensourcing ecosystem. The study reveals an ongoing shift from OSS as a community of individual developers to OSS as a community of commercial organizations, primarily small to medium-sized enterprises. It also reveals that opensourcing provides ample opportunity for companies to headhunt top developers, hence moving from outsourcing to a largely unknown OSS workforce toward recruitment of developers from a global open source community whose talents have become known as a result of the opensourcing experience.	[Agerfalk, Par J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Sci, Uppsala, Sweden; [Agerfalk, Par J.; Fitzgerald, Brian] Univ Limerick, Lero Irish Software Engn Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland	Agerfalk, PJ (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Sci, Uppsala, Sweden.	par.agerfalk@dis.uu.se; bf@ul.ie	Fitzgerald, Brian/E-7790-2010	Fitzgerald, Brian/0000-0001-9193-2863			Agarwal R. 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S., 1988, BRIT ACCOUNT REV, V20, P131, DOI 10.1016/0890-8389(88)90036-4; Wang ETG, 2002, INFORM SYST J, V12, P153, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00120.x; Campbell D., 1996, UNOBTRUSIVE MEASURES; WHEELER D, 2004, WHY OPEN SOURCE SOFT; Yin RK, 1994, CASE STUDY RES DESIG	77	118	118	14	146	SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT	MINNEAPOLIS	UNIV MINNESOTA-SCH MANAGEMENT 271 19TH AVE SOUTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA	0276-7783			MIS QUART	MIS Q.	JUN	2008	32	2					385	409				25	Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management	Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics	306TT	WOS:000256271400009		No			2017-07-02	
B	Leitner, P; Grechenig, T		Hampe, JF; Swatman, MC; Gricar, J; Pucihar, A; Lenart, G		Leitner, Peter; Grechenig, Thomas			Collaborative Shopping Networks: Sharing the Wisdom of Crowds in E-Commerce Environments	21ST BLED ECONFERENCE ECOLLABORATION: OVERCOMING BOUNDARIES THROUGH MULTI-CHANNEL INTERACTION, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS			English	Proceedings Paper	21st Bled eConference on eCollaboration - Overcoming Boundaries through Multi-Chanel Interaction	JUN 15-18, 2008	Bled, SLOVENIA			collaborative shopping network; social commerce; online retail; collective intelligence; crowdsourcing; consumer generated content		Social web services have gained enormous popularity over the past years because of a steadily increasing demand for user participation in the whole web sphere. Social networks like MySpace or Facebook and media sites like Flickr or YouTube clearly demonstrate the variety and functionality of social sites. Significantly affected by this trend, online retail and e-commerce environments rapidly changed within the last years. Users were integrated into existing e-shops and mutated from simple buyers to fully integrated customers. Thus, a modem shop visitor can recommend products, leave comments, rate vendors or publish wish lists. This recent phenomenon, called social commerce or social shopping, leads to more customer satisfaction, user participation and social interaction. Accordingly, there is a strong demand for innovative social commerce models and concepts like crowdsourcing, consumer generated content or live shopping. This paper shows the results of an extended analysis of collaborative shopping networks and demonstrates the development of a representative interaction model. An evaluation of social commerce models gave insights into functionalities, interactions and entities of successful social web applications. To create a collaborative shopping network model, conventional web services as well as selected best practice cases were analyzed in detail. To meet the demands of modern consumers, success factors are presented in the final part.	Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, Austria		peter.leitner@inso.tuwien.ac.at; thomas.grechenig@inso.tuwien.ac.at					Anderson C., 2006, LONG TAIL ENDLESS CH; Ankolekar A, 2008, WEB SEMANTICS SCI SE, V6, P70, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.WEBSEM.2007.11.005; Backstrom L., 2006, P 12 ACM SIGKDD INT, P44, DOI DOI 10.1145/1150402.1150412; Boulos M. K., 2006, WIKIS BLOGS PODCASTS; BOURAS C, 2004, P IADIS INT C WEB BA, P59; boyd d., 2008, J COMPUT-MEDIAT COMM, V13; BRESLIN J, 2005, P IADIS INT C WEB BA, P272; Burt S., 2003, J RETAILING CONSUMER, V10, P275, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0969-6989(02)00062-0; Buskens V. W., 2002, SOCIAL NETWORKS TRUS; CHAI K, 2007, LECT NOTES COMPUTER; CHAUSTRE JM, 2004, P IADIS INT C E COMM, P495; CHOI B, 2004, P HAW INT C SYST SCI, P1; Fuller J., 2006, Electronic Commerce Research, V6, P57, DOI 10.1007/s10660-006-5988-7; Gill P, 2004, PROF ENG, V17, P22; GLASS B, 2007, FLICKR USER MODEL V3; Armstrong A. G., 1997, NET GAIN EXPANDING M; Howe J., 2006, WIRED MAGAZINE; Kim Amy Jo, 2000, COMMUNITY BUILDING W; Koivumaki T., 2002, Netnomics, V4, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1021236102295; Kumar R., 2006, P 12 ACM SIGKDD INT, P611, DOI DOI 10.1145/1150402.1150476; LEI P, 2005, P IADIS INT C E COMM, P390; LEITNER P, 2007, INT RECHTS S IRIS 20, P427; LI P, 2007, J ELECT COMMERCE RES, V7, P17; MACHADO A, 2005, P IADIS INT C COMM 2, P236; McLure Wasko M., 2000, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, V9, P155, DOI 10.1016/S0963-8687(00)00045-7; MENG B, 2004, P IADIS INT C E COMM, P527; MIYOSHI Y, 2007, P IADIS INT C WEB BA, P389; *NIEL CO, 2007, NIELS ONL GLOB CONS; O'Leary Z, 2004, ESSENTIAL GUIDE DOIN; OMURCHU I, 2004, P WORKSH APPL SEM WE; O'Reilly Tim, 2005, WHAT IS WEB 2 0 DESI; Rahman S. M, 2001, INTERNET COMMERCE SO; Rappa M., 2002, BUSINESS MODELS WEB; Schubert P., 2000, ELECTRON MARK, V10, P45; SIOMKOS G, 2006, P IADIS INT C E COMM, P333; Skog D., 2005, International Journal of Web Based Communities, V1, P464, DOI 10.1504/IJWBC.2005.008111; Stutzman F, 2006, J INT DIGITAL MEDIA, V3, P10; Tedeschi Bob, 2006, NY TIMES; TREESE WG, 2002, DESIGNING SYSTEMS IN; YANG K, 2006, P IADIS INT C E COMM, P287; Zhang Y, 2006, WEB COMMUNITIES ANAL	41	3	3	0	9	UNIV MARIBOR	KRANJ	FAC ORG SCI, ECENTER, KIDRICEVA CESTA 55A, KRANJ, 4000, SLOVENIA			978-961-232-217-5				2008							321	335				15	Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Telecommunications	Business & Economics; Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Telecommunications	BJI50	WOS:000266142500025		No			2017-07-02	
B	Kittur, A; Chi, EH; Suh, B		Burnett, M; Costabile, MF; Catarci, T; DeRuyter, B; Tan, D; Czerwinski, M; Lund, A	ACM	Kittur, Aniket; Chi, Ed H.; Suh, Bongwon			Crowdsourcing User Studies With Mechanical Turk	CHI 2008: 26TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS			English	Proceedings Paper	26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems	APR 05-10, 2008	Florence, ITALY	ACM SIGCHI, Microsoft, Google, Autodesk, NSF, Oracle, SAP, SOURCEFORGE, Nokia, eLearn Magazine		Remote user study; Mechanical Turk; micro task; Wikipedia		User studies are important for many aspects of the design process and involve techniques ranging from informal surveys to rigorous laboratory studies. However, the costs involved in engaging users often requires practitioners to trade off between sample size, time requirements, and monetary costs. Micro-task markets, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk, offer a potential paradigm for engaging a large number of users for low time and monetary costs. Here we investigate the utility of a micro-task market for collecting user measurements, and discuss design considerations for developing remote micro user evaluation tasks. Although micro-task markets have great potential for rapidly collecting user measurements at low costs, we found that special care is needed in formulating tasks in order to harness the capabilities of the approach.	[Kittur, Aniket; Chi, Ed H.; Suh, Bongwon] Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA	Kittur, A (reprint author), Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.	nkittur@parc.com; echi@parc.com; suh@parc.com					Andreasen M. S., 2007, P CHI 2007, P1405, DOI 10.1145/1240624.1240838; Benkler Y, 2002, YALE LAW J, V112, P367; Fogg B.J., 2001, P C HUM FACT COMP SY, P295; Kittur A., 2007, P SIGCHI C HUM FACT, P453, DOI DOI 10.1145/1240624.1240698; Spool J., 2001, P CHI 2001, P285; VIEGAS FB, 2007, P HCI INT C; *WIK, FEAT ART CRIT	7	258	259	4	26	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-011-1				2008							453	456				4	Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering	Computer Science	BKM80	WOS:000268586100056		No			2017-07-02	
B	Yang, J; Adamic, LA; Ackerman, MS			ACM	Yang, Jiang; Adamic, Lada A.; Ackerman, Mark S.			Crowdsourcing and Knowledge Sharing: Strategic User Behavior on Taskcn	EC'08: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 ACM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE			English	Proceedings Paper	ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce	JUL 08-12, 2008	Chicago, IL	ACM SIGecom, Microsoft Res, Google, Yahoo Res, HP Labs, CombineNet, NW Univ		Online communities; virtual communities; question-answer sites; knowledge market; crowdsourcing; learning; Witkey		Witkeys are a thriving type of web-based knowledge sharing market in China, supporting a form of crowdsourcing. In a Witkey site, users offer a small award for a solution to a task, and other users compete to have their solution selected. In this paper, we examine the behavior of users on one of the biggest Witkey websites in China, Taskcn.com. On Taskcn, we observed several characteristics in users' activity over time. Most users become inactive after only a few submissions. Others keep attempting tasks. Over time, users tend to select tasks where they are competing against fewer opponents to increase their chances of winning. They will also, perhaps counterproductively, select tasks with higher expected rewards. Yet, on average, they do not increase their chances of winning, and in some categories of tasks, their chances actually decrease. This does not paint the full picture, however, because there is a very small core of successful users who manage not only to win multiple tasks, but to increase their win-to-submission ratio over time. This core group proposes nearly 20% of the winning solutions on the site. The patterns we observe on Taskcn, we believe, hold clues to the future of crowdsourcing and freelance marketplaces, and raise interesting design implications for such sites.	[Yang, Jiang; Adamic, Lada A.; Ackerman, Mark S.] Univ Michigan, Sch Informat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA		yangjian@umich.edu; ladamic@umich.edu; ackerm@umich.edu					ADLER BT, 2007, CONTENT DRIVEN REPUT; ARORA A, MANAGEMENT SCI; Brothers L., 1992, CSCW '92. Sharing Perspectives. Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, P84; DASGUPTA P, 1980, ECON J, V90, P266, DOI 10.2307/2231788; Giles J, 2005, NATURE, V438, P900, DOI 10.1038/438900a; Golder SA, 2006, J INF SCI, V32, P198, DOI 10.1177/0165551506062337; HARPER FM, 2008, PREDICTORS ANSWER QU; Hempel J, 2006, BUS WEEK, P38; Hiltz S. R., 1978, NETWORK NATION; Howe J, 2006, WIRED MAGAZINE, V14, P1; KITTUR A, POWER FEW VS WISDOM; Malone TW., 2004, FUTURE WORK; MARLOW C, 2006, P 7 C HYP HYP, P13; Wilcox R. T, 2000, MARKET LETT, V11, P363, DOI 10.1023/A:1008141313927; Yang J., 2008, INT C WEBL SOC MED; ZHANG J, 2008, EVERYONE KNOWS SOMET; ZHANG J, 2007, EXPERTISE NETWORKS O	17	24	24	1	12	ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY	NEW YORK	1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA			978-1-60558-169-9				2008							246	255				10	Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Economics	Computer Science; Business & Economics	BKG53	WOS:000268027400031		No			2017-07-02	
