ENTRY       zma04122                    Pathway
NAME        Sulfur relay system - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are signalling messengers that control many cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. It is suggested that Ub-protein modification evolved from prokaryotic sulfurtransfer systems. Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and thiamin are sulfur-containing cofactors whose biosynthesis includes a key sulfur transfer step that uses unique sulfur carrier proteins, MoaD and ThiS. Ubiquitin, MoaD, and ThiS are all structurally related proteins whose C-termini are activated through adenylation by homologous E1-like enzymes. s2T biosynthesis may share similar chemistry with Moco and thiamin synthesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Urm1 and Uba4 function as part of a ubl protein conjugation system, though they have sequence homology to bacterial sulfur-transfer enzymes and the ability to function in sulfur transfer.
CLASS       Genetic Information Processing; Folding, sorting and degradation
PATHWAY_MAP zma04122  Sulfur relay system
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        100282194  uncharacterized protein LOC100282194 [KO:K04487] [EC:2.8.1.7]
            100272428  uncharacterized protein LOC100272428 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            100275494  uncharacterized protein LOC100275494 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            100275675  ubiquitin-related modifier 1 homolog [KO:K12161]
            100191959  adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3-2 [KO:K11996] [EC:2.7.7.80 2.8.1.11]
            103638013  adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3-1 [KO:K11996] [EC:2.7.7.80 2.8.1.11]
            100280109  adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3 [KO:K11996] [EC:2.7.7.80 2.8.1.11]
            100193637  uncharacterized protein LOC100193637 [KO:K14168] [EC:2.7.7.-]
            100279201  uncharacterized protein LOC100279201 [KO:K14169]
            100281638  molybdopterin synthase sulfur carrier subunit [KO:K21232]
            103655479  molybdopterin synthase sulfur carrier subunit [KO:K21232]
            100284923  uncharacterized protein LOC100284923 [KO:K03635] [EC:2.8.1.12]
            100272516  uncharacterized protein LOC100272516 [KO:K03639] [EC:4.1.99.22]
            100282527  molybdopterin biosynthesis CNX3 protein [KO:K03637] [EC:4.6.1.17]
COMPOUND    C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
            C00041  L-Alanine
            C00044  GTP
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00378  Thiamine
            C00868  tRNA uridine
            C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
            C05924  Molybdopterin
            C17322  tRNA containing 2-thiouridine
            C18237  Molybdoenzyme molybdenum cofactor
            C18239  Precursor Z
REFERENCE   PMID:19151091
  AUTHORS   Noma A, Sakaguchi Y, Suzuki T
  TITLE     Mechanistic characterization of the sulfur-relay system for eukaryotic 2-thiouridine biogenesis at tRNA wobble positions.
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 37:1335-52 (2009)
            DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn1023
REFERENCE   PMID:16859499
  AUTHORS   Iyer LM, Burroughs AM, Aravind L
  TITLE     The prokaryotic antecedents of the ubiquitin-signaling system and the early evolution of ubiquitin-like beta-grasp domains.
  JOURNAL   Genome Biol 7:R60 (2006)
            DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-7-r60
REFERENCE   PMID:19675644
  AUTHORS   Schwarz G, Mendel RR, Ribbe MW
  TITLE     Molybdenum cofactors, enzymes and pathways.
  JOURNAL   Nature 460:839-47 (2009)
            DOI:10.1038/nature08302
REL_PATHWAY zma00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            zma00730  Thiamine metabolism
            zma00790  Folate biosynthesis
            zma04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
KO_PATHWAY  ko04122
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