ENTRY       zma03430                    Pathway
NAME        Mismatch repair - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved biological pathway that plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability. MMR corrects DNA mismatches generated during DNA replication, thereby preventing mutations from becoming permanent in dividing cells. MMR also suppresses homologous recombination and was recently shown to play a role in DNA damage signaling. Defects in MMR are associated with genome-wide instability, predisposition to certain types of cancer including HNPCC, resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents, and abnormalities in meiosis and sterility in mammalian systems.
            The Escherichia coli MMR pathway has been extensively studied and is well characterized. In E. coli, the mismatch-activated MutS-MutL-ATP complex licenses MutH to incise the nearest unmethylated GATC sequence. UvrD and an exonuclease generate a gap. This gap is filled by pol III and DNA ligase. The GATC sites are then methylated by Dam. Several human MMR proteins have been identified based on their homology to E. coli MMR proteins. These include human homologs of MutS and MutL. Although E. coli MutS and MutL proteins are homodimers, human MutS and MutL homologs are heterodimers. The role of hemimethylated dGATC sites as a signal for strand discrimination is not conserved from E. coli to human. Human MMR is presumed to be nick-directed in vivo, and is thought to discriminate daughter and template strands using a strand-specific nick.
CLASS       Genetic Information Processing; Replication and repair
PATHWAY_MAP zma03430  Mismatch repair
DBLINKS     GO: 0006298
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        103645753  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: endonuclease MutS2 [KO:K07456]
            100285474  single-stranded DNA-binding protein [KO:K03111]
            103653697  DNA mismatch repair protein PMS1 isoform X1 [KO:K10858]
            103636271  DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1 isoform X1 [KO:K08734]
            542006  DNA mismatch repair protein MSH7 isoform X1 [KO:K08737]
            542626  DNA mismatch repair protein MSH6 [KO:K08737]
            100279876  DNA mismatch repair protein MSH2 [KO:K08735]
            103642206  DNA mismatch repair protein MSH3 isoform X1 [KO:K08736]
            103647640  DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 isoform X1 [KO:K08739]
            109944383  uncharacterized protein LOC109944383 [KO:K08739]
            109944384  uncharacterized protein LOC109944384 [KO:K08739]
            103648088  replication factor C subunit 1 [KO:K10754]
            100282197  replication factor C subunit 2 [KO:K10755]
            100282678  uncharacterized protein LOC100282678 [KO:K10755]
            100216703  replication factor C subunit 3 [KO:K10756]
            100193357  uncharacterized protein LOC100193357 [KO:K10756]
            103625817  replication factor C subunit 5 [KO:K10756]
            103637697  replication factor C subunit 5 [KO:K10756]
            542425  proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
            542357  proliferating cell nuclear antigen 2 [KO:K04802]
            100381439  uncharacterized protein LOC100381439 [KO:K10746] [EC:3.1.-.-]
            100285427  uncharacterized protein LOC100285427 [KO:K07466]
            100383373  uncharacterized protein LOC100383373 [KO:K07466]
            100280726  uncharacterized protein LOC100280726 [KO:K07466]
            100273584  Replication protein A DNA-binding subunit [KO:K07466]
            100285013  OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain containing protein [KO:K10739]
            100285903  OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain containing protein [KO:K10739]
            100272286  uncharacterized protein LOC100272286 [KO:K10739]
            103627452  replication protein A 32 kDa subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K10739]
            100283481  uncharacterized protein LOC100283481 [KO:K10740]
            100126965  uncharacterized protein LOC100126965 [KO:K10740]
            100285910  uncharacterized protein LOC100285910 [KO:K10740]
            103654581  DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit [KO:K02327] [EC:2.7.7.7]
            100382167  uncharacterized protein LOC100382167 [KO:K02328]
            100194011  uncharacterized protein LOC100194011 [KO:K03504]
            100279971  uncharacterized protein LOC100279971 [KO:K03504]
            103642327  uncharacterized protein LOC103642327 [KO:K03504]
            100282638  uncharacterized protein LOC100282638 [KO:K03505]
            100280534  delta DNA polymerase [KO:K03505]
            100383890  uncharacterized protein LOC100383890 [KO:K10747] [EC:6.5.1.1 6.5.1.6 6.5.1.7]
REFERENCE   PMID:16612326
  AUTHORS   Jiricny J.
  TITLE     The multifaceted mismatch-repair system.
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:335-46 (2006)
            DOI:10.1038/nrm1907
REFERENCE   PMID:18157157
  AUTHORS   Li GM.
  TITLE     Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair.
  JOURNAL   Cell Res 18:85-98 (2008)
            DOI:10.1038/cr.2007.115
REFERENCE   PMID:11920679
  AUTHORS   Marti TM, Kunz C, Fleck O.
  TITLE     DNA mismatch repair and mutation avoidance pathways.
  JOURNAL   J Cell Physiol 191:28-41 (2002)
            DOI:10.1002/jcp.10077
REFERENCE   PMID:11436301
  AUTHORS   Ikejima M, Shimada T.
  TITLE     [Molecular mechanism of mismatch repair]
  JOURNAL   Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 46:1124-9 (2001)
KO_PATHWAY  ko03430
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