ENTRY       zma00966                    Pathway
NAME        Glucosinolate biosynthesis - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION Glucosinolates are biologically active secondary metabolites found in Brassicaceae (mustard family) and related families.These compounds are genetically variable within plant species and used as natural pesticides, such as against insect herbivores. All glucosinolates share a common structure consisting of a beta-thioglucose moiety, a sulfonated oxime moiety, and a variable aglycone side chain derived from an alpha-amino acid. Genes encoding glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by genetic polymorphisms and loss-of-function mutations. This map shows examples of side chain elongation in methionine-derived glucosinolates and the core pathway for biosynthesis of glucosinolates from amino acids.
CLASS       Metabolism; Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
PATHWAY_MAP zma00966  Glucosinolate biosynthesis
DBLINKS     GO: 0019761
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        100193712  uncharacterized protein LOC100193712 [KO:K01703] [EC:4.2.1.33 4.2.1.35]
            100284902  3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit 2 [KO:K01703] [EC:4.2.1.33 4.2.1.35]
            103654943  3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit, chloroplastic [KO:K01703] [EC:4.2.1.33 4.2.1.35]
            100192912  uncharacterized protein LOC100192912 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100281255  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100283367  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase isoform 1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100191754  uncharacterized protein LOC100191754 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            103638611  tyrosine N-monooxygenase [KO:K13027] [EC:1.14.14.36]
COMPOUND    C00073  L-Methionine
            C00078  L-Tryptophan
            C00079  L-Phenylalanine
            C00082  L-Tyrosine
            C00123  L-Leucine
            C00141  3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
            C00183  L-Valine
            C00233  4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate
            C00407  L-Isoleucine
            C00671  (S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
            C01069  Desulfoglucotropeolin
            C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
            C02153  Glucotropaeolin
            C02937  Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime
            C03219  (E)-2-Methylpropanal oxime
            C03719  Phenylacetothiohydroximate
            C04350  (E)-4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime
            C05837  Glucobrassicin
            C08401  Glucoberteroin
            C08407  Glucocochlearin
            C08409  Glucoerucin
            C08412  Glucoiberverin
            C08417  Gluconasturtiin
            C08418  Glucoputranjivin
            C08426  Sinalbin
            C16516  Indolylmethylthiohydroximate
            C16517  Indolylmethyl-desulfoglucosinolate
            C16518  S-(Indolylmethylthiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
            C17210  2-(2'-Methylthio)ethylmalic acid
            C17211  2-Oxo-5-methylthiopentanoic acid
            C17212  3-(2'-Methylthio)ethylmalic acid
            C17213  Homomethionine
            C17214  2-(3'-Methylthio)propylmalic acid
            C17215  3-(3'-Methylthio)propylmalic acid
            C17216  2-Oxo-6-methylthiohexanoic acid
            C17217  Dihomomethionine
            C17218  2-(4'-Methylthio)butylmalic acid
            C17219  3-(4'-Methylthio)butylmalic acid
            C17220  2-Oxo-7-methylthioheptanoic acid
            C17221  Trihomomethionine
            C17222  2-(5'-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid
            C17223  3-(5'-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid
            C17224  2-Oxo-8-methylthiooctanoic acid
            C17225  Tetrahomomethionine
            C17226  2-(6'-Methylthio)hexylmalic acid
            C17227  3-(6'-Methylthio)hexylmalic acid
            C17228  2-Oxo-9-methylthiononanoic acid
            C17229  Pentahomomethionine
            C17230  2-(7'-Methylthio)heptylmalic acid
            C17231  3-(7'-Methylthio)heptylmalic acid
            C17232  2-Oxo-10-methylthiodecanoic acid
            C17233  Hexahomomethionine
            C17235  L-Homophenylalanine
            C17236  3-Phenylpropionaldoxim
            C17237  S-(Phenylacetothiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
            C17238  S-(Hydroxyphenylacetothiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
            C17239  p-Hydroxyphenylacetothiohydroximate
            C17240  p-Hydroxybenzyldesulphoglucosinolate
            C17241  4-Methylthiobutanaldoxime
            C17242  S-(4-Methylthiobutylthiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
            C17243  4-Methylthiobutylthiohydroximate
            C17244  3-Methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate
            C17245  5-Methylthiopentanaldoxime
            C17246  6-Methylthiohexanaldoxime
            C17248  4-Methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate
            C17249  7-Methylthioheptanaldoxime
            C17250  Glucolesquerellin
            C17251  8-Methylthiooctanaldoxime
            C17252  7-Methylthioheptyl glucosinolate
            C17253  9-Methylthiononanaldoxime
            C17254  8-Methylthiooctyl glucosinolate
            C17255  3-Methylbutyraldehyde oxime
            C17256  2-Methylpropyl glucosinolate
            C19491  (E)-2-Methylbutanal oxime
            C19714  (E)-Phenylacetaldoxime
            C21650  7-Methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate
            C21746  8-Methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate
REFERENCE   PMID:12049923
  AUTHORS   Wittstock U, Halkier BA
  TITLE     Glucosinolate research in the Arabidopsis era.
  JOURNAL   Trends Plant Sci 7:263-70 (2002)
            DOI:10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02273-2
REFERENCE   PMID:15913672
  AUTHORS   Windsor AJ, Reichelt M, Figuth A, Svatos A, Kroymann J, Kliebenstein DJ, Gershenzon J, Mitchell-Olds T
  TITLE     Geographic and evolutionary diversification of glucosinolates among near relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae).
  JOURNAL   Phytochemistry 66:1321-33 (2005)
            DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.016
REFERENCE   PMID:14740211
  AUTHORS   Textor S, Bartram S, Kroymann J, Falk KL, Hick A, Pickett JA, Gershenzon J
  TITLE     Biosynthesis of methionine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana: recombinant expression and characterization of methylthioalkylmalate synthase, the condensing enzyme of the chain-elongation cycle.
  JOURNAL   Planta 218:1026-35 (2004)
            DOI:10.1007/s00425-003-1184-3
REFERENCE   PMID:15358770
  AUTHORS   Piotrowski M, Schemenewitz A, Lopukhina A, Muller A, Janowitz T, Weiler EW, Oecking C
  TITLE     Desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of the glucosinolate core structure.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:50717-25 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M407681200
REFERENCE   PMID:12586901
  AUTHORS   Mikkelsen MD, Halkier BA
  TITLE     Metabolic engineering of valine- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis expressing CYP79D2 from Cassava.
  JOURNAL   Plant Physiol 131:773-9 (2003)
            DOI:10.1104/pp.013425
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Chen S, Andreasson E.
  TITLE     Update on glucosinolate metabolism and transport.
  JOURNAL   Plant Physiol Biochem 39:743-758 (2001)
            DOI:10.1016/S0981-9428(01)01301-8
REL_PATHWAY zma00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            zma00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
            zma00400  Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
KO_PATHWAY  ko00966
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