ENTRY       zma00900                    Pathway
NAME        Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large class of natural products consisting of isoprene (C5) units. There are two biosynthetic pathways, the mevalonate pathway [MD:M00095] and the non-mevalonate pathway or the MEP/DOXP pathway [MD:M00096], for the terpenoid building blocks: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The action of prenyltransferases then generates higher-order building blocks: geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farsenyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are the precursors of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20), respectively. Condensation of these building blocks gives rise to the precursors of sterols (C30) and carotenoids (C40). The MEP/DOXP pathway is absent in higher animals and fungi, but in green plants the MEP/DOXP and mevalonate pathways co-exist in separate cellular compartments. The MEP/DOXP pathway, operating in the plastids, is responsible for the formation of essential oil monoterpenes and linalyl acetate, some sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids and phytol. The mevalonate pathway, operating in the cytosol, gives rise to triterpenes, sterols, and most sesquiterpenes.
CLASS       Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
PATHWAY_MAP zma00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
MODULE      zma_M00095  C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:zma00900]
            zma_M00096  C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:zma00900]
            zma_M00366  C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:zma00900]
DBLINKS     GO: 0009240 0016091
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        606430  deoxy xylulose synthase 2 [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
            606484  deoxy xylulose synthase 1 [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
            100384006  uncharacterized protein LOC100384006 [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
            542023  dxr protein [KO:K00099] [EC:1.1.1.267]
            103634738  1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic [KO:K00099] [EC:1.1.1.267]
            100272499  uncharacterized protein LOC100272499 [KO:K00991] [EC:2.7.7.60]
            103636414  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, chloroplastic [KO:K00991] [EC:2.7.7.60]
            100282760  uncharacterized protein LOC100282760 [KO:K00919] [EC:2.7.1.148]
            100276918  uncharacterized protein LOC100276918 [KO:K01770] [EC:4.6.1.12]
            100284320  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase [KO:K01770] [EC:4.6.1.12]
            542690  uncharacterized protein LOC542690 [KO:K03526] [EC:1.17.7.1 1.17.7.3]
            100383164  lw1; 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase [KO:K03527] [EC:1.17.7.4]
            100274017  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 2 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
            100282283  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
            101202696  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
            103640265  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
            100272824  uncharacterized protein LOC100272824 [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            100384769  putative hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase family protein [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            100285783  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            103647599  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            100383280  uncharacterized protein LOC100383280 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            100280335  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            100191922  uncharacterized protein LOC100191922 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            103627645  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 1 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            100279817  uncharacterized protein LOC100279817 [KO:K00869] [EC:2.7.1.36]
            100384063  uncharacterized protein LOC100384063 [KO:K00869] [EC:2.7.1.36]
            100282968  phosphomevalonate kinase [KO:K00938] [EC:2.7.4.2]
            101060998  phosphomevalonate kinase [KO:K00938] [EC:2.7.4.2]
            100282878  uncharacterized protein LOC100282878 [KO:K01597] [EC:4.1.1.33]
            103643980  diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase MVD2, peroxisomal isoform X1 [KO:K01597] [EC:4.1.1.33]
            103652468  isopentenyl phosphate kinase [KO:K06981] [EC:2.7.4.26]
            100191244  uncharacterized protein LOC100191244 [KO:K06981] [EC:2.7.4.26]
            541901  uncharacterized protein LOC541901 [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
            100502421  uncharacterized protein LOC100502421 [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
            103630362  isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase I [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
            100273420  uncharacterized protein LOC100273420 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            541903  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            100192004  uncharacterized protein LOC100192004 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            100279314  decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 1 [KO:K14066] [EC:2.5.1.1]
            103626280  solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K14066] [EC:2.5.1.1]
            100502545  uncharacterized protein LOC100502545 [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            100502523  putative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            100502524  putative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 3 [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            100502542  putative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 4 [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            103653897  heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase small subunit, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            100191875  Solanesyl diphosphate synthase 2 chloroplastic [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
            100282721  prenyl transferase [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
            103653367  probable solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
            100193048  uncharacterized protein LOC100193048 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            100276550  uncharacterized protein LOC100276550 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            100284572  undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            100283522  undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            100285459  undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            103638008  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            103649981  geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K10960] [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111]
            100283007  uncharacterized protein LOC100283007 [KO:K10960] [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111]
            100273635  protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type I alphasubunit [KO:K05955] [EC:2.5.1.58 2.5.1.59]
            100272584  uncharacterized protein LOC100272584 [KO:K05954] [EC:2.5.1.58]
            100192945  CAAX prenyl protease 2 [KO:K08658] [EC:3.4.22.-]
            100192503  uncharacterized protein LOC100192503 [KO:K06013] [EC:3.4.24.84]
            100286144  uncharacterized protein LOC100286144 [KO:K06013] [EC:3.4.24.84]
            100284671  uncharacterized protein LOC100284671 [KO:K00587] [EC:2.1.1.100]
            100193534  uncharacterized protein LOC100193534 [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            103635372  probable isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICME [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            103655501  probable isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICME [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            100280207  uncharacterized protein LOC100280207 [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            103642227  farnesylcysteine lyase [KO:K05906] [EC:1.8.3.5 1.8.3.6]
            100272889  dihydroflavonol-4-reductase [KO:K15891] [EC:1.1.1.354]
            100191275  uncharacterized protein LOC100191275 [KO:K15892] [EC:2.7.1.216]
            541974  acyclic sesquiterpene synthase [KO:K15793] [EC:4.2.3.49 4.2.3.47 3.1.7.6]
            100274033  ent-kaurene synthase B [KO:K15793] [EC:4.2.3.49 4.2.3.47 3.1.7.6]
COMPOUND    C00022  Pyruvate
            C00024  Acetyl-CoA
            C00118  D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
            C00129  Isopentenyl diphosphate
            C00235  Dimethylallyl diphosphate
            C00332  Acetoacetyl-CoA
            C00341  Geranyl diphosphate
            C00353  Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
            C00356  (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
            C00418  (R)-Mevalonate
            C00448  trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
            C01107  (R)-5-Phosphomevalonate
            C01126  (2E,6E)-Farnesol
            C01143  (R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate
            C01230  all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate
            C02321  cis-1,4-Polyisoprene
            C03461  2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal
            C04145  all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate
            C04146  all-trans-Octaprenyl diphosphate
            C04216  all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate
            C04506  Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine
            C04574  di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
            C04748  Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester
            C05427  Phytyl diphosphate
            C05859  ditrans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
            C06081  Polyprenol
            C11434  2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
            C11435  4-(Cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
            C11436  2-Phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
            C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
            C11453  2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate
            C11811  1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate
            C16521  Isoprene
            C16826  2-cis,6-trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
            C17432  all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate
            C18321  trans,octacis-Decaprenyl diphosphate
            C19691  Farnesylcysteine
            C19760  2-cis,6-cis-Farnesyl diphosphate
            C19852  tritrans,heptacis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
            C19853  trans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
            C20120  S-Farnesyl protein
            C20121  trans,trans-Farnesyl phosphate
            C20345  Isopentenyl phosphate
            C20847  (R)-Mevalonate 3-phosphate
            C20848  (R)-Mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate
            C22453  trans-Anhydromevalonate phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:12777052
  AUTHORS   Lange BM, Ghassemian M.
  TITLE     Genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: a survey for genes involved in isoprenoid and chlorophyll metabolism.
  JOURNAL   Plant Mol Biol 51:925-48 (2003)
            DOI:10.1023/A:1023005504702
REFERENCE   PMID:16262699
  AUTHORS   Saiki R, Nagata A, Kainou T, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M
  TITLE     Characterization of solanesyl and decaprenyl diphosphate synthases in mice and humans.
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 272:5606-22 (2005)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04956.x
REFERENCE   PMID:9858571
  AUTHORS   Sato M, Sato K, Nishikawa S, Hirata A, Kato J, Nakano A
  TITLE     The yeast RER2 gene, identified by endoplasmic reticulum protein localization mutations, encodes cis-prenyltransferase, a key enzyme in dolichol synthesis.
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 19:471-83 (1999)
            DOI:10.1128/MCB.19.1.471
REFERENCE   PMID:24375100
  AUTHORS   Vannice JC, Skaff DA, Keightley A, Addo JK, Wyckoff GJ, Miziorko HM
  TITLE     Identification in Haloferax volcanii of phosphomevalonate decarboxylase and isopentenyl phosphate kinase as catalysts of the terminal enzyme reactions in an  archaeal alternate mevalonate pathway.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 196:1055-63 (2014)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.01230-13
REL_PATHWAY zma00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            zma00100  Steroid biosynthesis
            zma00130  Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
            zma00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            zma00510  N-Glycan biosynthesis
            zma00902  Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
            zma00904  Diterpenoid biosynthesis
            zma00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
            zma00908  Zeatin biosynthesis
            zma00909  Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
KO_PATHWAY  ko00900
///
