ENTRY       zma00270                    Pathway
NAME        Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
CLASS       Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP zma00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
MODULE      zma_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:zma00270]
            zma_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:zma00270]
            zma_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:zma00270]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006534 0006555
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        541958  serine acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            541959  serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            542499  serine acetyltransferase 3 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            103631673  probable serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            542438  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            100272829  uncharacterized protein LOC100272829 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            100280321  cysteine synthase 1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            100216991  uncharacterized protein LOC100216991 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            100502310  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            103646469  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            100193476  uncharacterized protein LOC100193476 isoform 1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            109939155  putative inactive cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            103638079  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            109942192  putative inactive cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            100216722  cysteine synthase [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
            100281708  uncharacterized protein LOC100281708 [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
            541876  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 4 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
            541874  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
            541875  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
            541873  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
            100286153  uncharacterized protein LOC100286153 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
            541714  uncharacterized protein LOC541714 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
            541942  uncharacterized protein LOC541942 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
            100191838  uncharacterized protein LOC100191838 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            100194360  uncharacterized protein LOC100194360 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            100279822  methionine adenosyltransferase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            100282324  S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            542733  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            100282888  uncharacterized protein LOC100282888 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            100282559  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            100283320  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            103632784  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            732743  spermine synthase1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            100279222  spermidine synthase 1 isoform 2 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            100272866  uncharacterized protein LOC100272866 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            100282933  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            100282908  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            541637  nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            542480  nicotianamine synthase 1 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            100191831  uncharacterized protein LOC100191831 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            100284978  nicotianamine synthase 3 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            100285295  nicotianamine synthase 3 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            110386945  uncharacterized protein LOC110386945 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            103634563  nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            103643789  nicotianamine synthase 3 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            103639224  nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            109942391  nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            100286299  MTA/SAH nucleosidase [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
            100193148  uncharacterized protein LOC100193148 [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
            100283015  uncharacterized protein LOC100283015 [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
            542191  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
            100282341  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
            100216585  uncharacterized protein LOC100216585 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            103628375  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 4 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            103642691  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 4 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            103652087  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 4 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            103643555  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 4 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            100276369  uncharacterized protein LOC100276369 [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
            100279205  uncharacterized protein LOC100279205 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            100279999  uncharacterized LOC100279999 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            100191816  uncharacterized protein LOC100191816 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            100193293  transaminase/ transferase [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
            100285201  transaminase/ transferase, transferring nitrogenous groups [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
            100285862  O-succinylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
            103628064  methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
            541827  met2; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            542082  DNA methyl transferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            542060  met5; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            103632028  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1B isoform X2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            100282150  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
            103648899  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
            103646045  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            100279981  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            100217270  uncharacterized protein LOC100217270 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            107521951  uncharacterized protein LOC107521951 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            100273458  uncharacterized protein LOC100273458 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            100191321  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1Acc oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            542136  acc oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            100382364  uncharacterized protein LOC100382364 precursor [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            100280566  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            100283053  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            542137  ACC oxidase20 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103646970  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103631299  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103641390  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103641391  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103642621  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103640166  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103628432  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            103644325  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            100136881  monofunctional aspartate kinase 2 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            103628892  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            100279553  uncharacterized protein LOC100279553 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            542708  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic precursor [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            542249  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic precursor [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            100280067  uncharacterized protein LOC100280067 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            100191334  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
            100282632  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
            100191523  uncharacterized protein LOC100191523 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            541650  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            103645417  probable cystathionine gamma-synthase 2 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            103645418  probable cystathionine gamma-synthase 2 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            100192912  uncharacterized protein LOC100192912 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100281255  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100283367  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase isoform 1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100191754  uncharacterized protein LOC100191754 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            100279249  uncharacterized protein LOC100279249 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            100274974  uncharacterized protein LOC100274974 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            100384690  uncharacterized protein LOC100384690 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            103631778  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            542026  gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
            100381846  uncharacterized protein LOC100381846 [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
            100273590  uncharacterized protein LOC100273590 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
            542055  uncharacterized protein LOC542055 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
            100273311  uncharacterized protein LOC100273311 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            100274119  aspartate aminotransferase [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            100282625  aspartate aminotransferase [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            100272428  uncharacterized protein LOC100272428 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            100275494  uncharacterized protein LOC100275494 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            100193279  uncharacterized protein LOC100193279 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
            100282503  L-lactate dehydrogenase [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
            103648725  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
            100191348  uncharacterized protein LOC100191348 [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
            100193096  uncharacterized protein LOC100193096 [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
            100284775  uncharacterized protein LOC100284775 [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
            103648465  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            542598  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100280767  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            103633793  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100274264  malate dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100273428  uncharacterized protein LOC100273428 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100272900  uncharacterized protein LOC100272900 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100193491  uncharacterized protein LOC100193491 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100193663  malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100282134  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            100193743  Malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            107305678  uncharacterized protein LOC107305678 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            103651084  uncharacterized protein LOC103651084 [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
            100281928  uncharacterized protein LOC100281928 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            100280688  uncharacterized protein LOC100280688 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            100280735  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            103645840  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            100284817  phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
COMPOUND    C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
            C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
            C00022  Pyruvate
            C00041  L-Alanine
            C00049  L-Aspartate
            C00051  Glutathione
            C00059  Sulfate
            C00065  L-Serine
            C00073  L-Methionine
            C00094  Sulfite
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
            C00155  L-Homocysteine
            C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
            C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00263  L-Homoserine
            C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
            C00409  Methanethiol
            C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
            C00491  L-Cystine
            C00506  L-Cysteate
            C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
            C00793  D-Cysteine
            C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
            C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
            C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
            C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
            C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
            C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
            C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
            C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
            C01817  L-Homocystine
            C01962  Thiocysteine
            C02218  Dehydroalanine
            C02291  L-Cystathionine
            C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
            C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
            C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
            C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
            C03145  N-Formylmethionine
            C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
            C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
            C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
            C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
            C05324  Nicotianamine
            C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
            C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
            C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
            C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
            C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
            C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
            C06547  Ethylene
            C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
            C09306  Sulfur dioxide
            C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
            C11481  HSO3-
            C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
            C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
            C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
            C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
            C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
            C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
            C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
            C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
            C21016  Ophthalmate
            C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:15102328
  AUTHORS   Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  TITLE     Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  JOURNAL   BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
            DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
REFERENCE   PMID:14551435
  AUTHORS   Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  TITLE     A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  JOURNAL   Science 302:286-90 (2003)
            DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
REFERENCE   PMID:12022921
  AUTHORS   Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  TITLE     The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  JOURNAL   BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
            DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
REFERENCE   PMID:12670965
  AUTHORS   Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  TITLE     Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
REFERENCE   PMID:17169919
  AUTHORS   Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  TITLE     Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  JOURNAL   Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
            DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
REFERENCE   PMID:17030798
  AUTHORS   Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  TITLE     Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
            DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
REFERENCE   PMID:18625006
  AUTHORS   Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  TITLE     A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
REFERENCE   PMID:18391471
  AUTHORS   Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  TITLE     Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  JOURNAL   Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
            DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
REFERENCE   PMID:10613873
  AUTHORS   Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  TITLE     Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
REFERENCE   PMID:12644499
  AUTHORS   Mino K, Ishikawa K
  TITLE     Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
REFERENCE   PMID:18520135
  AUTHORS   Tanabe S
  TITLE     Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  JOURNAL   Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
            DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  TITLE     [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
REFERENCE   PMID:19270684
  AUTHORS   Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  TITLE     Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  JOURNAL   Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
            DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
REL_PATHWAY zma00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            zma00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
            zma00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
            zma00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
            zma00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
            zma00480  Glutathione metabolism
            zma00620  Pyruvate metabolism
            zma00640  Propanoate metabolism
            zma00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
            zma00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
            zma00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00270
///
