ENTRY       zma00260                    Pathway
NAME        Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
CLASS       Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP zma00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
MODULE      zma_M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:zma00260]
            zma_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:zma00260]
            zma_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:zma00260]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        103644325  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            100136881  monofunctional aspartate kinase 2 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            103628892  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            100279553  uncharacterized protein LOC100279553 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            542708  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic precursor [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            542249  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic precursor [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            100280067  uncharacterized protein LOC100280067 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            100191334  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
            100282632  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
            100216919  homoserine kinase [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
            103630689  threonine synthase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
            100283397  threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
            103646801  threonine synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
            103644763  threonine synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
            100274124  putative threonine aldolase family protein [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            100282861  L-allo-threonine aldolase [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            100272842  putative threonine aldolase family protein [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            103648987  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            103637185  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            103635193  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            109941173  uncharacterized protein LOC109941173 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
            100192461  uncharacterized protein LOC100192461 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            100191532  serine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            100381786  uncharacterized protein LOC100381786 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            100286146  uncharacterized protein LOC100286146 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            118476174  serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
            100281949  uncharacterized protein LOC100281949 [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            103645124  serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            103645133  serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            103641813  serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase-like [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
            100193709  uncharacterized protein LOC100193709 [KO:K15893] [EC:1.1.1.29]
            100281069  glyoxylate reductase [KO:K15919] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
            100191765  glyoxylate reductase [KO:K15919] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
            100280775  glyoxylate reductase [KO:K15919] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
            100191671  uncharacterized protein LOC100191671 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            103644703  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            100284555  phosphoglycerate mutase gpmB [KO:K15634] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            100381658  23-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            542578  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            103634611  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform X1 [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            103651775  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            103651345  uncharacterized protein LOC103651345 [KO:K15918] [EC:2.7.1.31]
            100274052  uncharacterized protein LOC100274052 [KO:K15918] [EC:2.7.1.31]
            100281928  uncharacterized protein LOC100281928 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            100280688  uncharacterized protein LOC100280688 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            100280735  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            103645840  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            100284817  phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
            100285190  uncharacterized protein LOC100285190 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
            100383438  uncharacterized protein LOC100383438 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            103641531  primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            100279491  primary amine oxidase precursor [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
            541946  glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
            100279332  uncharacterized protein LOC100279332 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
            100501719  uncharacterized protein LOC100501719 isoform 1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            100381818  uncharacterized protein LOC100381818 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            100383599  uncharacterized protein LOC100383599 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            103650140  dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            100273340  uncharacterized protein LOC100273340 [KO:K02437]
            541947  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
            100286311  glycine cleavage system H protein 1 [KO:K02437]
            103638939  glycine cleavage system H protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
            109943263  glycine cleavage system H protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
            100279249  uncharacterized protein LOC100279249 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            100274974  uncharacterized protein LOC100274974 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            100384690  uncharacterized protein LOC100384690 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            103631778  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            100501386  uncharacterized protein LOC100501386 [KO:K14272] [EC:2.6.1.4 2.6.1.2 2.6.1.44]
            100284842  uncharacterized protein LOC100284842 [KO:K14272] [EC:2.6.1.4 2.6.1.2 2.6.1.44]
            778432  CMO protein [KO:K00499] [EC:1.14.15.7]
            606443  betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
            541949  betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
            100302679  uncharacterized protein LOC100302679 [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
            100282748  aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
            100273204  uncharacterized protein LOC100273204 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            100283462  uncharacterized protein LOC100283462 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            103635090  probable sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            100283154  sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
            103625947  threonine dehydratase 1 biosynthetic, chloroplastic [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
            103643901  threonine dehydratase 1 biosynthetic, chloroplastic [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
            100216615  uncharacterized protein LOC100216615 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
            541855  indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase 1 [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            100170238  tryptophan synthase alpha [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            103644181  tryptophan synthase alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            732803  tryptophan synthase beta chain 2, chloroplastic [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            732842  tryptophan synthase beta chain 1 [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
            109623449  uncharacterized protein LOC109623449 [KO:K06001] [EC:4.2.1.20]
COMPOUND    C00011  CO2
            C00014  Ammonia
            C00022  Pyruvate
            C00037  Glycine
            C00048  Glyoxylate
            C00049  L-Aspartate
            C00065  L-Serine
            C00078  L-Tryptophan
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
            C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
            C00114  Choline
            C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
            C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
            C00188  L-Threonine
            C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00213  Sarcosine
            C00258  D-Glycerate
            C00263  L-Homoserine
            C00300  Creatine
            C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
            C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
            C00546  Methylglyoxal
            C00576  Betaine aldehyde
            C00581  Guanidinoacetate
            C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00719  Betaine
            C00740  D-Serine
            C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
            C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
            C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
            C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
            C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
            C01888  Aminoacetone
            C02051  Lipoylprotein
            C02291  L-Cystathionine
            C02737  Phosphatidylserine
            C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
            C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
            C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
            C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
            C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
            C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
            C05519  L-Allothreonine
            C06231  Ectoine
            C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
            C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
            C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  TITLE     [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
REFERENCE   PMID:11823218
  AUTHORS   Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  TITLE     Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  JOURNAL   Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
            DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
REFERENCE   PMID:10473374
  AUTHORS   Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  TITLE     Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  JOURNAL   Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
            DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
REFERENCE   PMID:17636255
  AUTHORS   Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  TITLE     Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
REFERENCE   PMID:16707670
  AUTHORS   Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  TITLE     The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
REFERENCE   PMID:15470257
  AUTHORS   Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  TITLE     FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  JOURNAL   Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
            DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
REFERENCE   PMID:7639721
  AUTHORS   Rees WD, Hay SM
  TITLE     The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
            DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
REFERENCE   PMID:11341914
  AUTHORS   Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  TITLE     Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
            DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
REFERENCE   PMID:15520012
  AUTHORS   Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  TITLE     Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
            DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
REL_PATHWAY zma00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            zma00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
            zma00230  Purine metabolism
            zma00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
            zma00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            zma00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
            zma00300  Lysine biosynthesis
            zma00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
            zma00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
            zma00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
            zma00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
            zma00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
            zma00620  Pyruvate metabolism
            zma00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
            zma00640  Propanoate metabolism
            zma00860  Porphyrin metabolism
            zma00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00260
///
