ENTRY       zma00010                    Pathway
NAME        Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis - Zea mays (maize)
DESCRIPTION Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabolites: six-carbon compounds of glucose-6P and fructose-6P and three-carbon compounds of glycerone-P, glyceraldehyde-3P, glycerate-3P, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate [MD:M00001]. Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. When the enzyme genes of this pathway are examined in completely sequenced genomes, the reaction steps of three-carbon compounds from glycerone-P to pyruvate form a conserved core module [MD:M00002], which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. Gluconeogenesis is a synthesis pathway of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It is essentially a reversal of glycolysis with minor variations of alternative paths [MD:M00003].
CLASS       Metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP zma00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
MODULE      zma_M00001  Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:zma00010]
            zma_M00002  Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:zma00010]
            zma_M00003  Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:zma00010]
            zma_M00307  Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:zma00010]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006096 0006094
ORGANISM    Zea mays (maize) [GN:zma]
GENE        100170246  hexokinase 2 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            100192075  hexokinase1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            542510  uncharacterized protein LOC542510 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            100279587  uncharacterized protein LOC100279587 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            100285932  hexokinase-1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            100283735  hexokinase-1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            103636300  hexokinase-3 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            103650768  hexokinase-3 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            103651223  hexokinase-6 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
            542313  glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, cytosolic [KO:K01810] [EC:5.3.1.9]
            100281592  glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [KO:K01810] [EC:5.3.1.9]
            100382805  uncharacterized protein LOC100382805 [KO:K01810] [EC:5.3.1.9]
            100279231  uncharacterized protein LOC100279231 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100281464  6-phosphofructokinase isoform 2 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100281585  6-phosphofructokinase 2 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100285548  6-phosphofructokinase [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100192478  uncharacterized protein LOC100192478 isoform 1 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100281688  6-phosphofructokinase 2 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100280694  pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100191982  uncharacterized protein LOC100191982 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            103647427  ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 5, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            103629493  ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 7 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            103630144  ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 6 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            103630633  ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 6 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
            100193340  uncharacterized protein LOC100193340 [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            100382182  ppi-phosphofructokinase [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            100191851  uncharacterized protein LOC100191851 [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            100282190  uncharacterized protein LOC100282190 [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            100280449  uncharacterized protein LOC100280449 [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            103632535  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            101027252  pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K00895] [EC:2.7.1.90]
            100273700  uncharacterized protein LOC100273700 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
            100216767  uncharacterized protein LOC100216767 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
            100281068  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
            100284739  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
            103631224  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
            542261  fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, cytoplasmic isozyme [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100272845  uncharacterized protein LOC100272845 [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100273196  uncharacterized protein LOC100273196 [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100272913  fructose-bisphosphate aldolase cytoplasmic isozyme [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100286050  fructose-bisphosphate aldolase [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100502020  fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            103653987  fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100274515  uncharacterized protein LOC100274515 [KO:K01623] [EC:4.1.2.13]
            100191222  uncharacterized protein LOC100191222 [KO:K01803] [EC:5.3.1.1]
            100193000  uncharacterized protein LOC100193000 [KO:K01803] [EC:5.3.1.1]
            100194114  uncharacterized protein LOC100194114 [KO:K01803] [EC:5.3.1.1]
            100272481  triosephosphate isomerase, cytosolic [KO:K01803] [EC:5.3.1.1]
            100280823  triosephosphate isomerase, cytosolic [KO:K01803] [EC:5.3.1.1]
            542718  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, cytosolic [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
            100191900  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytosolic [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
            542333  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3, cytosolic [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
            542367  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, cytosolic [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
            100037774  uncharacterized protein LOC100037774 [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
            100282981  uncharacterized protein LOC100282981 [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
            100274579  Phosphoglycerate kinase [KO:K00927] [EC:2.7.2.3]
            100281237  phosphoglycerate kinase [KO:K00927] [EC:2.7.2.3]
            100381624  phosphoglycerate kinase [KO:K00927] [EC:2.7.2.3]
            100383528  phosphoglycerate kinase [KO:K00927] [EC:2.7.2.3]
            103635817  phosphoglycerate kinase, chloroplastic [KO:K00927] [EC:2.7.2.3]
            100191671  uncharacterized protein LOC100191671 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            103644703  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            100284555  phosphoglycerate mutase gpmB [KO:K15634] [EC:5.4.2.11]
            100381658  23-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            542578  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            103634611  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform X1 [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            103651775  2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
            732811  enolase 1 [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11]
            542316  eno2; enolase 2 [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11]
            100274470  uncharacterized protein LOC100274470 [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11]
            100283280  enolase [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11]
            103631112  enolase 1-like [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11]
            100502326  enolase [KO:K01689] [EC:4.2.1.11]
            100191614  pyruvate kinase [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            542177  PK protein [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100272999  uncharacterized protein LOC100272999 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100273990  uncharacterized protein LOC100273990 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100282820  uncharacterized protein LOC100282820 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100272951  uncharacterized protein LOC100272951 isoform 1 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100193244  uncharacterized protein LOC100193244 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100283899  pyruvate kinase, cytosolic isozyme [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100283452  pyruvate kinase, cytosolic isozyme [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            606466  uncharacterized protein LOC606466 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            103644177  pyruvate kinase isozyme A, chloroplastic [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            100191365  uncharacterized protein LOC100191365 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
            542759  pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 1, chloroplastic precursor [KO:K01006] [EC:2.7.9.1]
            103635678  pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 2 [KO:K01006] [EC:2.7.9.1]
            100272834  uncharacterized protein LOC100272834 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            100272256  uncharacterized protein LOC100272256 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            732791  pyruvate dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            100283889  pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component alpha subunit [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            541705  pyruvate dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            542607  pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            542483  pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            100282233  uncharacterized protein LOC100282233 [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            100284103  pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
            100192900  uncharacterized protein LOC100192900 [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            541781  dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            100274483  dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvatedehydrogenase complex [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            100279373  uncharacterized protein LOC100279373 [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            100284493  dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            100285796  dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvatedehydrogenase complex [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            103644210  dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component 1 of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            100272519  uncharacterized protein LOC100272519 [KO:K00627] [EC:2.3.1.12]
            100501719  uncharacterized protein LOC100501719 isoform 1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            100381818  uncharacterized protein LOC100381818 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            100383599  uncharacterized protein LOC100383599 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            103650140  dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
            100193279  uncharacterized protein LOC100193279 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
            100282503  L-lactate dehydrogenase [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
            541919  pyruvate decarboxylase 3 [KO:K01568] [EC:4.1.1.1]
            542376  pyruvate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01568] [EC:4.1.1.1]
            542651  pyruvate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01568] [EC:4.1.1.1]
            103634444  pyruvate decarboxylase 3 [KO:K01568] [EC:4.1.1.1]
            542459  alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 [KO:K00121] [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1]
            100193894  uncharacterized protein LOC100193894 [KO:K00121] [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1]
            100273217  uncharacterized protein LOC100273217 [KO:K00121] [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1]
            542363  alcohol dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K18857] [EC:1.1.1.1]
            542364  alcohol dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K18857] [EC:1.1.1.1]
            100272357  uncharacterized protein LOC100272357 [KO:K00001] [EC:1.1.1.1]
            100272578  uncharacterized protein LOC100272578 [KO:K00001] [EC:1.1.1.1]
            100383565  putative alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily protein [KO:K00001] [EC:1.1.1.1]
            103625686  aldose reductase [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            100194348  putative oxidoreductase, aldo/keto reductase family protein [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            100279403  uncharacterized protein LOC100279403 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            100381673  uncharacterized protein LOC100381673 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            100857058  uncharacterized protein LOC100857058 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            103630432  aldo-keto reductase family 4 member C10 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            100037812  aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 [KO:K00002] [EC:1.1.1.2]
            100281700  aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            732806  mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            100284774  aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B1 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            100382449  uncharacterized protein LOC100382449 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            542567  aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            100285809  aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            100280692  uncharacterized protein LOC100280692 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
            100282748  aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
            100279194  uncharacterized protein LOC100279194 [KO:K01895] [EC:6.2.1.1]
            103646525  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, chloroplastic/glyoxysomal [KO:K01895] [EC:6.2.1.1]
            100191849  putative AMP-dependent synthetase and ligase superfamily protein [KO:K01913] [EC:6.2.1.1 6.2.1.2]
            100281089  uncharacterized protein LOC100281089 [KO:K01913] [EC:6.2.1.1 6.2.1.2]
            100217298  aldose 1-epimerase precursor [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            100272618  aldose 1-epimerase [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            100191144  uncharacterized protein LOC100191144 precursor [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            100283171  aldose 1-epimerase precursor [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            100383712  uncharacterized protein LOC100383712 precursor [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            100383851  uncharacterized protein LOC100383851 [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            100383094  uncharacterized protein LOC100383094 precursor [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            103646366  galactose mutarotase [KO:K01785] [EC:5.1.3.3]
            542358  phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            542721  phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            103631243  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            103631244  phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            103651489  phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            118472308  phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K01835] [EC:5.4.2.2]
            100192038  apospory-associated protein [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100282376  apospory-associated protein C [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100282738  apospory-associated protein C [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100282752  uncharacterized protein LOC100282752 [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100280296  uncharacterized protein LOC100280296 [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100194404  uncharacterized protein LOC100194404 [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100273735  uncharacterized protein LOC100273735 [KO:K01792] [EC:5.1.3.15]
            100282868  uncharacterized protein LOC100282868 precursor [KO:K03103] [EC:3.1.3.62 3.1.3.80]
            542583  NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00131] [EC:1.2.1.9]
            541622  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) isoform 1 [KO:K01610] [EC:4.1.1.49]
            100279748  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase homolog 2 [KO:K01610] [EC:4.1.1.49]
COMPOUND    C00022  Pyruvate
            C00024  Acetyl-CoA
            C00031  D-Glucose
            C00033  Acetate
            C00036  Oxaloacetate
            C00068  Thiamin diphosphate
            C00074  Phosphoenolpyruvate
            C00084  Acetaldehyde
            C00103  D-Glucose 1-phosphate
            C00111  Glycerone phosphate
            C00118  D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
            C00186  (S)-Lactate
            C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00221  beta-D-Glucose
            C00236  3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
            C00267  alpha-D-Glucose
            C00469  Ethanol
            C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00668  alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
            C01159  2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate
            C01172  beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
            C01451  Salicin
            C05125  2-(alpha-Hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphate
            C05345  beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate
            C05378  beta-D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
            C06186  Arbutin
            C06187  Arbutin 6-phosphate
            C06188  Salicin 6-phosphate
            C15972  Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine
            C15973  Enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine
            C16255  [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y (ed).
  TITLE     [Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1980)
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  TITLE     [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Michal G.
  TITLE     Biochemical Pathways
  JOURNAL   Wiley (1999)
REL_PATHWAY zma00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
            zma00030  Pentose phosphate pathway
            zma00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
            zma00620  Pyruvate metabolism
            zma00640  Propanoate metabolism
            zma00710  Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms
KO_PATHWAY  ko00010
///
