ENTRY       sly00270                    Pathway
NAME        Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
DESCRIPTION Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
CLASS       Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP sly00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
MODULE      sly_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:sly00270]
            sly_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:sly00270]
            sly_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:sly00270]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006534 0006555
ORGANISM    Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) [GN:sly]
GENE        101253958  serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            101245503  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            101266998  serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            101257583  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            101246283  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101245992  cysteine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101246567  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101256331  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101244415  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101253301  cysteine synthase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101254617  cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            101253940  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
            101255033  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
            101265082  cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic isoform X2 [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
            101262954  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
            101251816  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
            101250617  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
            101264078  ER69; 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
            101245012  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            101247506  SAM2; S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            544302  SAM3; S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            544155  SAM1; S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
            101265860  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            101260400  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            100134880  SAMDC; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            101262142  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            101265343  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
            101263807  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            101247725  spermidine synthase 2-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            544177  spdsyn; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            543894  SPM1; SPM1 protein [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
            101248619  CHLN; nicotianamine synthase [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
            101256428  5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase 2 [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
            101249769  methylthioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
            101266846  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
            101266369  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
            101257584  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
            101255136  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            101255431  ARD; acireductone dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
            101251438  uncharacterized protein LOC101251438 [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
            101266674  probable aminotransferase TAT2 isoform X1 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            101264863  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            101250231  tyrosine aminotransferase-like [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            101252470  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            101260030  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            101249935  S-alkyl-thiohydroximate lyase-like [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
            101244469  aminotransferase [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
            101265352  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
            101263926  methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
            101267211  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            101265056  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            543721  MET; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            101244018  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            101248143  uncharacterized protein LOC101248143 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
            101248518  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
            101259420  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
            544304  SAHH; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
            101258054  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            101258353  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            606304  ACS2; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            101246650  LE-ACS1B; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            606302  ACS6; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            544028  ACS1A; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            101260914  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            543621  ACS7; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            606300  ACS5; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 5 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            606301  ACS8; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            778356  ACS4; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 4 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            112940919  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            101267421  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            778292  ACS3; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            101265900  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
            100125909  ACO6; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            544285  EFE; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            101251255  ACO2; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 2 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            543506  ACO4; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            544052  ACO1; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            543800  ACO5; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            101266529  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 5 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
            101258399  aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic isoform X2 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
            101258465  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            101264587  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
            101258686  uncharacterized protein LOC101258686 [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
            543920  CGS; cystathionine gamma synthase [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            101261313  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            101245812  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            101251085  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            101253875  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            101265804  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            101254608  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
            101247011  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            101268729  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
            543536  GSH1; glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
            543537  GSH2; glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
            101244012  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            101260072  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            101264873  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            101244094  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            101261642  aspartate aminotransferase, chloroplastic [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
            100301939  MST1; mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase-like protein [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            100301940  MST2; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            101263923  ldh2; L-lactate dehydrogenase [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
            101252012  ldh1; L-lactate dehydrogenase [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
            100191113  D-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
            101256906  D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
            101267603  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
            101258894  L-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
            101253131  malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            778330  cMDH; cytosolic malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            101249428  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            101258932  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            101258530  mMDH2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            778285  mMDH1; mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            778286  gMDH; glyoxisomal malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            101248141  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
            101266918  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            101246616  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            101254848  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
            101254553  phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
COMPOUND    C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
            C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
            C00022  Pyruvate
            C00041  L-Alanine
            C00049  L-Aspartate
            C00051  Glutathione
            C00059  Sulfate
            C00065  L-Serine
            C00073  L-Methionine
            C00094  Sulfite
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
            C00155  L-Homocysteine
            C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
            C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
            C00263  L-Homoserine
            C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
            C00409  Methanethiol
            C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
            C00491  L-Cystine
            C00506  L-Cysteate
            C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
            C00793  D-Cysteine
            C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
            C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
            C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
            C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
            C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
            C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
            C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
            C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
            C01817  L-Homocystine
            C01962  Thiocysteine
            C02218  Dehydroalanine
            C02291  L-Cystathionine
            C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
            C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
            C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
            C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
            C03145  N-Formylmethionine
            C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
            C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
            C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
            C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
            C05324  Nicotianamine
            C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
            C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
            C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
            C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
            C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
            C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
            C06547  Ethylene
            C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
            C09306  Sulfur dioxide
            C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
            C11481  HSO3-
            C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
            C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
            C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
            C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
            C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
            C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
            C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
            C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
            C21016  Ophthalmate
            C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:15102328
  AUTHORS   Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  TITLE     Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  JOURNAL   BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
            DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
REFERENCE   PMID:14551435
  AUTHORS   Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  TITLE     A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  JOURNAL   Science 302:286-90 (2003)
            DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
REFERENCE   PMID:12022921
  AUTHORS   Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  TITLE     The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  JOURNAL   BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
            DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
REFERENCE   PMID:12670965
  AUTHORS   Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  TITLE     Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
REFERENCE   PMID:17169919
  AUTHORS   Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  TITLE     Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  JOURNAL   Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
            DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
REFERENCE   PMID:17030798
  AUTHORS   Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  TITLE     Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
            DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
REFERENCE   PMID:18625006
  AUTHORS   Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  TITLE     A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
REFERENCE   PMID:18391471
  AUTHORS   Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  TITLE     Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  JOURNAL   Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
            DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
REFERENCE   PMID:10613873
  AUTHORS   Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  TITLE     Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
REFERENCE   PMID:12644499
  AUTHORS   Mino K, Ishikawa K
  TITLE     Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
REFERENCE   PMID:18520135
  AUTHORS   Tanabe S
  TITLE     Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  JOURNAL   Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
            DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
REFERENCE   
  AUTHORS   Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  TITLE     [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  JOURNAL   Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
REFERENCE   PMID:19270684
  AUTHORS   Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  TITLE     Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  JOURNAL   Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
            DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
REL_PATHWAY sly00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            sly00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
            sly00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
            sly00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
            sly00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
            sly00480  Glutathione metabolism
            sly00620  Pyruvate metabolism
            sly00640  Propanoate metabolism
            sly00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
            sly00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
            sly00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00270
///
