ENTRY       osa00920                    Pathway
NAME        Sulfur metabolism - Oryza sativa japonica (Japanese rice) (RefSeq)
DESCRIPTION Sulfur is an essential element for life and the metabolism of organic sulfur compounds plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle. Sulfur occurs in various oxidation states ranging from +6 in sulfate to -2 in sulfide (H2S). Sulfate reduction can occur in both an energy consuming assimilatory pathway and an energy producing dissimilatory pathway. The assimilatory pathway, which is found in a wide range of organisms, produces reduced sulfur compounds for the biosynthesis of S-containing amino acids and does not lead to direct excretion of sulfide. In the dissimilatory pathway, which is restricted to obligatory anaerobic bacterial and archaeal lineages, sulfate (or sulfur) is the terminal electron acceptor of the respiratory chain producing large quantities of inorganic sulfide. Both pathways start from the activation of sulfate by reaction with ATP to form adenylyl sulfate (APS). In the assimilatory pathway [MD:M00176] APS is converted to 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) and then reduced to sulfite, and sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by the assimilatory sulfite reductase. In the dissimilatory pathway [MD:M00596] APS is directly reduced to sulfite, and sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by the dissimilatory sulfite reductase. The capacity for oxidation of sulfur is quite widespread among bacteria and archaea, comprising phototrophs and chemolithoautotrophs. The SOX (sulfur-oxidation) system [MD:M00595] is a well-known sulfur oxidation pathway and is found in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis with reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfide and elemental sulfur, as well as thiosulfate (in some species with the SOX system), as the electron donor for photoautotrophic growth. In some chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers (such as Thiobacillus denitrificans), it has been suggested that dissimilatory sulfur reduction enzymes operate in the reverse direction, forming a sulfur oxidation pathway from sulfite to APS and then to sulfate.
CLASS       Metabolism; Energy metabolism
PATHWAY_MAP osa00920  Sulfur metabolism
MODULE      osa_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:osa00920]
DBLINKS     GO: 0006790
ORGANISM    Oryza sativa japonica (Japanese rice) (RefSeq) [GN:osa]
GENE        4334073  ATP-sulfurylase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K13811] [EC:2.7.7.4 2.7.1.25]
            4334932  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP sulfurylase 2 [KO:K13811] [EC:2.7.7.4 2.7.1.25]
            4336514  histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22966] [EC:2.7.7.5 3.6.2.1]
            4350977  adenylyl-sulfate kinase 3 [KO:K00860] [EC:2.7.1.25]
            4343681  adenylyl-sulfate kinase 3 [KO:K00860] [EC:2.7.1.25]
            9272308  adenylyl-sulfate kinase 3 [KO:K00860] [EC:2.7.1.25]
            4343581  putative PAP-specific phosphatase, mitochondrial [KO:K01082] [EC:3.1.3.7]
            4331065  PAP-specific phosphatase HAL2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01082] [EC:3.1.3.7]
            4343582  putative PAP-specific phosphatase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01082] [EC:3.1.3.7]
            4351685  3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase-like [KO:K15422] [EC:3.1.3.7 3.1.3.57]
            4351686  3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase isoform X1 [KO:K15422] [EC:3.1.3.7 3.1.3.57]
            4343348  probable 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K05907] [EC:1.8.4.9]
            4346125  sulfite oxidase [KO:K00387] [EC:1.8.3.1]
            4352143  sulfite oxidase [KO:K00387] [EC:1.8.3.1]
            4339248  sulfite reductase [ferredoxin], chloroplastic [KO:K00392] [EC:1.8.7.1]
            4326319  persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K17725] [EC:1.13.11.18]
            4328418  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            4352752  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
            4339425  probable serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            4324655  probable serine acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            4331528  probable serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            4331861  probable serine acetyltransferase 3 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            4331941  probable serine acetyltransferase 4 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            107280167  probable serine acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
            4334101  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4352839  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4327819  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4332062  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4341321  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4340142  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4341322  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4340140  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            9266140  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            107276344  cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            107277031  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
            4335048  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
            4332956  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            4348560  probable cystathionine gamma-synthase 2 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            4348561  probable cystathionine gamma-synthase 2 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            107276273  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
            4324333  selenium-binding protein 1 [KO:K17285] [EC:1.8.3.4]
COMPOUND    C00033  Acetate
            C00042  Succinate
            C00053  3'-Phosphoadenylyl sulfate
            C00054  Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate
            C00059  Sulfate
            C00065  L-Serine
            C00084  Acetaldehyde
            C00087  Sulfur
            C00094  Sulfite
            C00097  L-Cysteine
            C00155  L-Homocysteine
            C00224  Adenylyl sulfate
            C00245  Taurine
            C00263  L-Homoserine
            C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
            C00320  Thiosulfate
            C00409  Methanethiol
            C00580  Dimethyl sulfide
            C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
            C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
            C01861  Trithionate
            C02084  Tetrathionate
            C03920  2-(Methylthio)ethanesulfonate
            C04022  S,S-Dimethyl-beta-propiothetin
            C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
            C11142  Dimethyl sulfone
            C11143  Dimethyl sulfoxide
            C11145  Methanesulfonic acid
            C15521  Alkanesulfonate
            C17267  S-Sulfanylglutathione
            C19692  Polysulfide
            C20870  3-(Methylthio)propanoyl-CoA
            C20955  3-(Methylthio)acryloyl-CoA
REFERENCE   PMID:22982583
  AUTHORS   Grein F, Ramos AR, Venceslau SS, Pereira IA
  TITLE     Unifying concepts in anaerobic respiration: Insights from dissimilatory sulfur metabolism.
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1827:145-60 (2013)
            DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.09.001
REFERENCE   PMID:22633058
  AUTHORS   Fauque GD, Barton LL
  TITLE     Hemoproteins in dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfur-reducing prokaryotes.
  JOURNAL   Adv Microb Physiol 60:1-90 (2012)
            DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-398264-3.00001-2
REFERENCE   PMID:20143161
  AUTHORS   Sakurai H, Ogawa T, Shiga M, Inoue K
  TITLE     Inorganic sulfur oxidizing system in green sulfur bacteria.
  JOURNAL   Photosynth Res 104:163-76 (2010)
            DOI:10.1007/s11120-010-9531-2
REFERENCE   PMID:22092713
  AUTHORS   Falkenby LG, Szymanska M, Holkenbrink C, Habicht KS, Andersen JS, Miller M, Frigaard NU
  TITLE     Quantitative proteomics of Chlorobaculum tepidum: insights into the sulfur metabolism of a phototrophic green sulfur bacterium.
  JOURNAL   FEMS Microbiol Lett 323:142-50 (2011)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02370.x
REFERENCE   PMID:21833341
  AUTHORS   Gregersen LH, Bryant DA, Frigaard NU
  TITLE     Mechanisms and evolution of oxidative sulfur metabolism in green sulfur bacteria.
  JOURNAL   Front Microbiol 2:116 (2011)
            DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00116
REFERENCE   PMID:16452431
  AUTHORS   Beller HR, Chain PS, Letain TE, Chakicherla A, Larimer FW, Richardson PM, Coleman MA, Wood AP, Kelly DP.
  TITLE     The genome sequence of the obligately chemolithoautotrophic, facultatively anaerobic bacterium Thiobacillus denitrificans.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 188:1473-88 (2006)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.188.4.1473-1488.2006
REFERENCE   PMID:9695921
  AUTHORS   Pott AS, Dahl C
  TITLE     Sirohaem sulfite reductase and other proteins encoded by genes at the dsr locus of Chromatium vinosum are involved in the oxidation of intracellular sulfur.
  JOURNAL   Microbiology 144 ( Pt 7):1881-94 (1998)
            DOI:10.1099/00221287-144-7-1881
REFERENCE   PMID:18929068
  AUTHORS   Frigaard NU, Dahl C
  TITLE     Sulfur metabolism in phototrophic sulfur bacteria.
  JOURNAL   Adv Microb Physiol 54:103-200 (2009)
            DOI:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)00002-7
REL_PATHWAY osa00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
            osa00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
KO_PATHWAY  ko00920
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