ENTRY       osa00900                    Pathway
NAME        Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Oryza sativa japonica (Japanese rice) (RefSeq)
DESCRIPTION Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large class of natural products consisting of isoprene (C5) units. There are two biosynthetic pathways, the mevalonate pathway [MD:M00095] and the non-mevalonate pathway or the MEP/DOXP pathway [MD:M00096], for the terpenoid building blocks: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The action of prenyltransferases then generates higher-order building blocks: geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farsenyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are the precursors of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20), respectively. Condensation of these building blocks gives rise to the precursors of sterols (C30) and carotenoids (C40). The MEP/DOXP pathway is absent in higher animals and fungi, but in green plants the MEP/DOXP and mevalonate pathways co-exist in separate cellular compartments. The MEP/DOXP pathway, operating in the plastids, is responsible for the formation of essential oil monoterpenes and linalyl acetate, some sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids and phytol. The mevalonate pathway, operating in the cytosol, gives rise to triterpenes, sterols, and most sesquiterpenes.
CLASS       Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
PATHWAY_MAP osa00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
MODULE      osa_M00095  C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:osa00900]
            osa_M00096  C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:osa00900]
            osa_M00366  C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:osa00900]
DBLINKS     GO: 0009240 0016091
ORGANISM    Oryza sativa japonica (Japanese rice) (RefSeq) [GN:osa]
GENE        4342614  probable 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
            4340090  probable 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
            4338768  1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
            4326153  1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic [KO:K00099] [EC:1.1.1.267]
            9266653  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00991] [EC:2.7.7.60]
            4327968  4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, chloroplastic [KO:K00919] [EC:2.7.1.148]
            4330320  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01770] [EC:4.6.1.12]
            4329911  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase (ferredoxin), chloroplastic [KO:K03526] [EC:1.17.7.1 1.17.7.3]
            4334003  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K03527] [EC:1.17.7.4]
            4334004  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K03527] [EC:1.17.7.4]
            4326136  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
            4346520  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
            4331418  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            4347614  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            4346215  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
            4347443  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 3-like [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            4346017  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 3 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            9272427  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 1 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
            4348331  mevalonate kinase [KO:K00869] [EC:2.7.1.36]
            4332275  probable phosphomevalonate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K00938] [EC:2.7.4.2]
            4328034  diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase [KO:K01597] [EC:4.1.1.33]
            4326891  glutamate 5-kinase [KO:K06981] [EC:2.7.4.26]
            4338791  isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase I [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
            4343523  isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase I [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
            4337261  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 2 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            4337260  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 2 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            4339489  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            4324245  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            4323892  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
            4341844  solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K14066] [EC:2.5.1.1]
            9272514  solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K14066] [EC:2.5.1.1]
            4330260  heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase small subunit, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            4343721  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 7, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            9272383  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 7, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
            4351957  probable solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
            107276142  solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
            4324755  isoprenyl transferase [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            4340251  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            4331944  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate syntase complex subunit NUS1 isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            4343863  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            4328624  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate syntase complex subunit NUS1 isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
            4330711  geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K10960] [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111]
            4326207  geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase [KO:K10960] [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111]
            4347566  protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha [KO:K05955] [EC:2.5.1.58 2.5.1.59]
            4327880  protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05954] [EC:2.5.1.58]
            9268853  CAAX prenyl protease 2 [KO:K08658] [EC:3.4.22.-]
            4330318  CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog [KO:K06013] [EC:3.4.24.84]
            4336894  probable protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase [KO:K00587] [EC:2.1.1.100]
            4339700  probable isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICME isoform X1 [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            4326560  probable isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICMEL2 isoform X1 [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            4342018  probable isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICMEL1 isoform X1 [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
            9269735  putative dihydroflavonol-4-reductase [KO:K15891] [EC:1.1.1.354]
            9272175  putative dihydroflavonol-4-reductase [KO:K15891] [EC:1.1.1.354]
            4327435  probable phytol kinase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K15892] [EC:2.7.1.216]
            4349551  probable phytol kinase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K15892] [EC:2.7.1.216]
            4351259  probable phytol kinase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K15892] [EC:2.7.1.216]
COMPOUND    C00022  Pyruvate
            C00024  Acetyl-CoA
            C00118  D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
            C00129  Isopentenyl diphosphate
            C00235  Dimethylallyl diphosphate
            C00332  Acetoacetyl-CoA
            C00341  Geranyl diphosphate
            C00353  Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
            C00356  (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
            C00418  (R)-Mevalonate
            C00448  trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
            C01107  (R)-5-Phosphomevalonate
            C01126  (2E,6E)-Farnesol
            C01143  (R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate
            C01230  all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate
            C02321  cis-1,4-Polyisoprene
            C03461  2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal
            C04145  all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate
            C04146  all-trans-Octaprenyl diphosphate
            C04216  all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate
            C04506  Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine
            C04574  di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
            C04748  Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester
            C05427  Phytyl diphosphate
            C05859  ditrans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
            C06081  Polyprenol
            C11434  2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
            C11435  4-(Cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
            C11436  2-Phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
            C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
            C11453  2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate
            C11811  1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate
            C16521  Isoprene
            C16826  2-cis,6-trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
            C17432  all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate
            C18321  trans,octacis-Decaprenyl diphosphate
            C19691  Farnesylcysteine
            C19760  2-cis,6-cis-Farnesyl diphosphate
            C19852  tritrans,heptacis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
            C19853  trans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
            C20120  S-Farnesyl protein
            C20121  trans,trans-Farnesyl phosphate
            C20345  Isopentenyl phosphate
            C20847  (R)-Mevalonate 3-phosphate
            C20848  (R)-Mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate
            C22453  trans-Anhydromevalonate phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:12777052
  AUTHORS   Lange BM, Ghassemian M.
  TITLE     Genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: a survey for genes involved in isoprenoid and chlorophyll metabolism.
  JOURNAL   Plant Mol Biol 51:925-48 (2003)
            DOI:10.1023/A:1023005504702
REFERENCE   PMID:16262699
  AUTHORS   Saiki R, Nagata A, Kainou T, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M
  TITLE     Characterization of solanesyl and decaprenyl diphosphate synthases in mice and humans.
  JOURNAL   FEBS J 272:5606-22 (2005)
            DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04956.x
REFERENCE   PMID:9858571
  AUTHORS   Sato M, Sato K, Nishikawa S, Hirata A, Kato J, Nakano A
  TITLE     The yeast RER2 gene, identified by endoplasmic reticulum protein localization mutations, encodes cis-prenyltransferase, a key enzyme in dolichol synthesis.
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 19:471-83 (1999)
            DOI:10.1128/MCB.19.1.471
REFERENCE   PMID:24375100
  AUTHORS   Vannice JC, Skaff DA, Keightley A, Addo JK, Wyckoff GJ, Miziorko HM
  TITLE     Identification in Haloferax volcanii of phosphomevalonate decarboxylase and isopentenyl phosphate kinase as catalysts of the terminal enzyme reactions in an  archaeal alternate mevalonate pathway.
  JOURNAL   J Bacteriol 196:1055-63 (2014)
            DOI:10.1128/JB.01230-13
REL_PATHWAY osa00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
            osa00100  Steroid biosynthesis
            osa00130  Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
            osa00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
            osa00510  N-Glycan biosynthesis
            osa00902  Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
            osa00904  Diterpenoid biosynthesis
            osa00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
            osa00908  Zeatin biosynthesis
            osa00909  Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
KO_PATHWAY  ko00900
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