ENTRY       mtr04136                    Pathway
NAME        Autophagy - other - Medicago truncatula (barrel medic)
DESCRIPTION Autophagy is a degradative pathway for the removal of cytoplasmic materials in eukaryotic cells, and is characterized by the formation of a double-membrane structure called the autophagosome, either in a housekeeping capacity or during stress and senescence. The process of autophagy could be divided into several stages: induction, vesicle nucleation, elongation and closure, and fusion and digestion. Most essential autophagic machineries are conserved throughout eukaryotes (see map04140 for animals and map04138 for fungi). This map is for other eukaryotes including plants and protists, where autophagy related genes (ATGs) play similar roles in the life cycle. However, autophagy has been relatively less studied in lower eukaryotes.
CLASS       Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
PATHWAY_MAP mtr04136  Autophagy - other
DBLINKS     GO: 0006914
ORGANISM    Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) [GN:mtr]
GENE        11428688  regulatory-associated protein of TOR 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
            11437911  serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
            25486004  target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8-1 [KO:K08266]
            25491508  serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1c [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
            11432206  autophagy-related protein 13b isoform X2 [KO:K08331]
            11424978  autophagy-related protein 13b [KO:K08331]
            11426224  autophagy-related protein 13a [KO:K08331]
            11406119  autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
            11428392  autophagy-related protein 11 [KO:K08330]
            11434861  PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
            25483263  PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46 [KO:K17606]
            11416610  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A catalytic subunit [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
            11426573  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A-4 catalytic subunit [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
            25499560  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A catalytic subunit [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
            11406603  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A catalytic subunit [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
            25499241  autophagy-related protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
            25484294  autophagy-related protein 9 [KO:K17907]
            11441425  autophagy-related protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
            11446800  autophagy-related protein 18b isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
            11414676  beclin-1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
            11415599  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, root isoform [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
            25496990  serine/threonine-protein kinase VPS15 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
            11423981  ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
            11433638  autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
            25493677  autophagy-related protein 16 [KO:K17890]
            25489523  autophagy-related protein 16 [KO:K17890]
            25479424  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme atg7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
            25500209  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X2 [KO:K17888]
            25491869  autophagy-related protein 3 [KO:K08343]
            25499228  autophagy-related protein 8i [KO:K08341]
            11431581  autophagy-related protein 8C-like [KO:K08341]
            11410993  autophagy-related protein 8f [KO:K08341]
            11424644  autophagy-related protein 8i [KO:K08341]
            25491939  autophagy-related protein 8B [KO:K08341]
            25492141  autophagy-related protein 8C-like [KO:K08341]
            25486170  autophagy-related protein 8C-like [KO:K08341]
            11443804  autophagy-related protein 8i [KO:K08341]
            11436743  cysteine protease ATG4 isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
COMPOUND    C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
            C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
            C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
REFERENCE   PMID:20962583
  AUTHORS   Duszenko M, Ginger ML, Brennand A, Gualdron-Lopez M, Colombo MI, Coombs GH, Coppens I, Jayabalasingham B, Langsley G, de Castro SL, Menna-Barreto R, Mottram JC, Navarro M, Rigden DJ, Romano PS, Stoka V, Turk B, Michels PA
  TITLE     Autophagy in protists.
  JOURNAL   Autophagy 7:127-58 (2011)
            DOI:10.4161/auto.7.2.13310
REFERENCE   PMID:21660427
  AUTHORS   Avin-Wittenberg T, Honig A, Galili G
  TITLE     Variations on a theme: plant autophagy in comparison to yeast and mammals.
  JOURNAL   Protoplasma 249:285-99 (2012)
            DOI:10.1007/s00709-011-0296-z
REFERENCE   PMID:22242963
  AUTHORS   Liu Y, Bassham DC
  TITLE     Autophagy: pathways for self-eating in plant cells.
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Plant Biol 63:215-37 (2012)
            DOI:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105441
REFERENCE   PMID:22764279
  AUTHORS   Yoshimoto K
  TITLE     Beginning to understand autophagy, an intracellular self-degradation system in plants.
  JOURNAL   Plant Cell Physiol 53:1355-65 (2012)
            DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcs099
REFERENCE   PMID:24563201
  AUTHORS   Li F, Chung T, Vierstra RD
  TITLE     AUTOPHAGY-RELATED11 plays a critical role in general autophagy- and senescence-induced mitophagy in Arabidopsis.
  JOURNAL   Plant Cell 26:788-807 (2014)
            DOI:10.1105/tpc.113.120014
REFERENCE   PMID:26598298
  AUTHORS   Michaeli S, Galili G, Genschik P, Fernie AR, Avin-Wittenberg T
  TITLE     Autophagy in Plants--What's New on the Menu?
  JOURNAL   Trends Plant Sci 21:134-44 (2016)
            DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.008
REFERENCE   PMID:26614870
  AUTHORS   Yang X, Bassham DC
  TITLE     New Insight into the Mechanism and Function of Autophagy in Plant Cells.
  JOURNAL   Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 320:1-40 (2015)
            DOI:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.005
KO_PATHWAY  ko04136
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