ENTRY       mtr03050                    Pathway
NAME        Proteasome - Medicago truncatula (barrel medic)
DESCRIPTION The proteasome is a protein-destroying apparatus involved in many essential cellular functions, such as regulation of cell cycle, cell differentiation, signal transduction pathways, antigen processing for appropriate immune responses, stress signaling, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. It is capable of degrading a variety of cellular proteins in a rapid and timely fashion and most substrate proteins are modified by ubiquitin before their degradation by the proteasome. The proteasome is a large protein complex consisting of a proteolytic core called the 20S particle and ancillary factors that regulate its activity in various ways. The most common form is the 26S proteasome containing one 20S core particle and two 19S regulatory particles that enable the proteasome to degrade ubiquitinated proteins by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Another form is the immunoproteasome containing two 11S regulatory particles, PA28 alpha and PA28 beta, which are induced by interferon gamma under the conditions of intensified immune response. Other regulatory particles include PA28 gamma and PA200. Although PA28 gamma also belongs to a family of activators of the 20S proteasome, it is localized within the nucleus and forms a homoheptamer. PA28 gamma has been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. PA200 has been identified as a large nuclear protein that stimulates proteasomal hydrolysis of peptides.
CLASS       Genetic Information Processing; Folding, sorting and degradation
PATHWAY_MAP mtr03050  Proteasome
DBLINKS     GO: 0000502
ORGANISM    Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) [GN:mtr]
GENE        11439915  probable 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
            11417232  probable 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
            25488374  probable 26S proteasome regulatory subunit p27 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
            11433744  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 homolog A [KO:K03035]
            11440959  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 homolog A [KO:K03035]
            11436093  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 homolog [KO:K03036]
            11425675  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 homolog [KO:K03036]
            11426380  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 homolog [KO:K03037]
            11422604  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 homolog A [KO:K03038]
            11411314  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 homolog A [KO:K03038]
            11415720  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 homolog B [KO:K03039]
            11440331  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 homolog [KO:K03030]
            11409206  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 homolog [KO:K03030]
            11438262  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 homolog A [KO:K03031]
            25489539  protein DSS1 HOMOLOG ON CHROMOSOME V [KO:K10881]
            11413707  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 homolog [KO:K03029]
            11434921  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
            11445486  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 homolog A [KO:K03028]
            11407588  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 homolog A [KO:K03032]
            25486962  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
            11435925  26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN13 [KO:K06691]
            11443391  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
            11421964  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7-like [KO:K03061]
            25484145  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 homolog A [KO:K03062]
            11419485  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 homolog A [KO:K03062]
            25493284  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 homolog A [KO:K03066]
            11417253  26S proteasome regulatory subunit S10B homolog B [KO:K03064]
            25490224  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B homolog A isoform X2 [KO:K03064]
            25491789  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A homolog [KO:K03065]
            11446055  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A homolog [KO:K03065]
            11438063  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B homolog [KO:K03063]
            25490747  proteasome activator subunit 4 [KO:K06699]
            11440704  proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            25502559  proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            25480527  proteasome subunit alpha type-2-A [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11409872  proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11416697  proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11444325  proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            25485960  proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            25485590  proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11415996  proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11414209  proteasome subunit alpha type-1-B [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            25482164  proteasome subunit alpha type-1-B [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            25495758  proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11432004  proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11426050  proteasome subunit beta type-7-B [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11442392  proteasome subunit beta type-7-B [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11445740  proteasome subunit beta type-3-A [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11417396  proteasome subunit beta type-3-A [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11422291  proteasome subunit beta type-2-A [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11443159  proteasome subunit beta type-2-B [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11436484  proteasome subunit beta type-2-B [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11418115  proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11441958  proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11433762  proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11410764  proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11442569  proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
            11407054  probable proteasome inhibitor [KO:K06700]
            11436730  cyclin-B1-2 isoform X2 [KO:K11599]
            25492875  cyclin-B1-2 [KO:K11599]
REFERENCE   PMID:16338359
  AUTHORS   Hirano Y, Murata S, Tanaka K
  TITLE     Large- and small-scale purification of mammalian 26S proteasomes.
  JOURNAL   Methods Enzymol 399:227-40 (2005)
            DOI:10.1016/S0076-6879(05)99015-0
REFERENCE   PMID:18497808
  AUTHORS   Saeki Y, Tanaka K
  TITLE     Cell biology: two hands for degradation.
  JOURNAL   Nature 453:460-1 (2008)
            DOI:10.1038/453460a
REFERENCE   PMID:16919475
  AUTHORS   Smith DM, Benaroudj N, Goldberg A
  TITLE     Proteasomes and their associated ATPases: a destructive combination.
  JOURNAL   J Struct Biol 156:72-83 (2006)
            DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2006.04.012
REFERENCE   PMID:16181324
  AUTHORS   Strehl B, Seifert U, Kruger E, Heink S, Kuckelkorn U, Kloetzel PM
  TITLE     Interferon-gamma, the functional plasticity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and MHC class I antigen processing.
  JOURNAL   Immunol Rev 207:19-30 (2005)
            DOI:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00308.x
REFERENCE   PMID:19483713
  AUTHORS   Darwin KH
  TITLE     Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup), proteasomes and pathogenesis.
  JOURNAL   Nat Rev Microbiol 7:485-91 (2009)
            DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2148
REFERENCE   PMID:23495936
  AUTHORS   Tomko RJ Jr, Hochstrasser M
  TITLE     Molecular architecture and assembly of the eukaryotic proteasome.
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 82:415-45 (2013)
            DOI:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060410-150257
REFERENCE   PMID:28583440
  AUTHORS   Budenholzer L, Cheng CL, Li Y, Hochstrasser M
  TITLE     Proteasome Structure and Assembly.
  JOURNAL   J Mol Biol 429:3500-3524 (2017)
            DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.027
REFERENCE   PMID:29071527
  AUTHORS   Cloos J, Roeten MS, Franke NE, van Meerloo J, Zweegman S, Kaspers GJ, Jansen G
  TITLE     (Immuno)proteasomes as therapeutic target in acute leukemia.
  JOURNAL   Cancer Metastasis Rev 36:599-615 (2017)
            DOI:10.1007/s10555-017-9699-4
REFERENCE   PMID:22215586
  AUTHORS   Sakata E, Bohn S, Mihalache O, Kiss P, Beck F, Nagy I, Nickell S, Tanaka K, Saeki Y, Forster F, Baumeister W
  TITLE     Localization of the proteasomal ubiquitin receptors Rpn10 and Rpn13 by electron cryomicroscopy.
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:1479-84 (2012)
            DOI:10.1073/pnas.1119394109
REL_PATHWAY mtr04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
KO_PATHWAY  ko03050
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